The
GDL Fund
Schedule
of Investments (Continued) — June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Market
Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMON
STOCKS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation — 0.3%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
Abertis Infraestructuras
SA†
|
|
$
|
373,493
|
|
|
$
|
230,036
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
Kansas City Southern
|
|
|
270,317
|
|
|
|
283,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
643,810
|
|
|
|
513,406
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wireless
Communications — 0.8%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
713,121
|
|
|
NII Holdings Inc., Escrow†(b)
|
|
|
1,546,255
|
|
|
|
1,547,473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
COMMON STOCKS
|
|
|
92,797,016
|
|
|
|
95,934,345
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLOSED-END
FUNDS — 3.3%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
425,000
|
|
|
Altaba Inc., Escrow†
|
|
|
6,169,625
|
|
|
|
6,183,750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED
STOCKS — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial
Services — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
Steel Partners Holdings
LP, Ser.A, 6.000%, 02/07/26
|
|
|
27,852
|
|
|
|
46,780
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCKS — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telecommunications — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
Cincinnati Bell Inc.,
Ser.B, 6.750%
|
|
|
44,820
|
|
|
|
50,010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RIGHTS — 0.4%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Entertainment — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
225,000
|
|
|
Media General Inc., CVR†(b)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health
Care — 0.2%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,000
|
|
|
Achillion Pharmaceuticals
Inc., CVR†
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
215,942
|
|
|
Alder BioPharmaceuticals
Inc. – H. Lundbeck A/S, CVR†
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
215,942
|
|
|
79,391
|
|
|
Ambit Biosciences Corp.,
CVR†(b)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
134,171
|
|
|
103,040
|
|
|
Dova Pharmaceuticals
Inc., CVR†
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
12,880
|
|
|
400,000
|
|
|
Elanco Animal Health
Inc., CVR†
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
Innocoll, CVR†(b)
|
|
|
180,000
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
125,000
|
|
|
Ipsen SA/Clementia, CVR†(b)
|
|
|
168,750
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
Ocera Therapeutics, CVR†(b)
|
|
|
6,210
|
|
|
|
3,910
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
Prevail Therapeutics
Inc., CVR†(b)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
18,000
|
|
|
Stemline
Therapeutics Inc., CVR†(b)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Market
Value
|
|
|
346,322
|
|
|
Teva Pharmaceutical
Industries Ltd., CCCP, expire 02/20/23†(b)
|
|
$
|
164,073
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
Tobira Therapeutics Inc.,
CVR†(b)
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
519,695
|
|
|
|
407,406
|
|
|
|
|
|
Machinery — 0.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
CFT SpA†(b)
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metals
and Mining — 0.2%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
419,000
|
|
|
Pan American Silver Corp.,
CVR†
|
|
|
96,370
|
|
|
|
356,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
RIGHTS
|
|
|
616,065
|
|
|
|
763,556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS — 45.6%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
86,397,000
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury Bills, 0.005% to 0.090%††, 07/08/21
to 11/26/21(c)
|
|
|
86,389,696
|
|
|
|
86,387,235
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL INVESTMENTS BEFORE SECURITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOLD
SHORT — 100.0%
|
|
$
|
186,045,074
|
|
|
|
189,365,676
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SECURITIES SOLD SHORT —
(5.6)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Proceeds received $8,730,399)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Assets and Liabilities (Net)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,732,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED SHARES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(688,932 preferred shares outstanding)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(34,446,600
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET ASSETS — COMMON
SHARES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,879,825 common shares outstanding)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
149,046,158
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET ASSET VALUE PER COMMON SHARE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
($149,046,158 ÷ 13,879,825 shares
outstanding)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10.74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
|
|
|
Market
Value
|
|
|
|
|
SECURITIES SOLD SHORT — (5.6)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Building and Construction — (1.5)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,000
|
|
|
Lennar Corp., Cl. A
|
|
$
|
1,504,528
|
|
|
$
|
2,881,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computer Software and Services — (0.7)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,664
|
|
|
salesforce.com Inc.
|
|
|
1,322,064
|
|
|
|
1,383,545
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Services — (1.1)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,300
|
|
|
Aon plc, Cl. A
|
|
|
1,455,471
|
|
|
|
1,742,948
|
|
|
4,200
|
|
|
BancorpSouth Bank
|
|
|
131,010
|
|
|
|
118,986
|
|
|
1,600
|
|
|
Columbia Banking System Inc.
|
|
|
61,635
|
|
|
|
61,696
|
|
See
accompanying notes to financial statements.
The
GDL Fund
Schedule
of Investments (Continued) — June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
|
|
|
Market
Value
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
S&P Global Inc.
|
|
$
|
135,510
|
|
|
$
|
174,852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,783,626
|
|
|
|
2,098,482
|
|
|
|
|
|
Food and Beverage — (0.0)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,800
|
|
|
Performance Food Group Co.
|
|
|
88,910
|
|
|
|
87,282
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health Care — (1.3)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,550
|
|
|
ICON plc
|
|
|
2,459,952
|
|
|
|
2,387,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Semiconductors — (0.9)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,234
|
|
|
Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
|
|
|
1,432,235
|
|
|
|
1,618,790
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
II-VI Inc.
|
|
|
46,137
|
|
|
|
50,813
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,478,372
|
|
|
|
1,669,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation — (0.1)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
Canadian National Railway Co.
|
|
|
21,563
|
|
|
|
21,104
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd.
|
|
|
71,384
|
|
|
|
76,910
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
92,947
|
|
|
|
98,014
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL SECURITIES SOLD SHORT(d)
|
|
$
|
8,730,399
|
|
|
$
|
10,605,576
|
|
(a)
|
Security
exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This
security may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified
institutional buyers.
|
(b)
|
Security
is valued using significant unobservable inputs and is classified as Level 3 in the fair
value hierarchy.
|
(c)
|
At
June 30, 2021, $17,950,000 of the principal amount was pledged as collateral for securities
sold short and forward foreign exchange contracts.
|
(d)
|
At
June 30, 2021, these proceeds are being held at Pershing LLC.
|
†
|
Non-income
producing security.
|
††
|
Represents
annualized yields at dates of purchase.
|
ADR
|
American Depositary Receipt
|
CCCP
|
Contingent Cash Consideration Payment
|
CVR
|
Contingent Value Right
|
REIT
|
Real Estate Investment Trust
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Geographic Diversification
|
|
%
of Total
Investments*
|
|
Market
Value
|
|
Long
Positions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
92.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
174,845,221
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
7.2
|
|
|
|
13,569,663
|
|
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
906,128
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
0.0
|
**
|
|
|
44,664
|
|
Total
Investments — Long Positions
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
189,365,676
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short
Positions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
(4.3
|
)%
|
|
$
|
(8,218,076
|
)
|
Europe
|
|
|
(1.3
|
)
|
|
|
(2,387,500
|
)
|
Total
Investments — Short Positions
|
|
|
(5.6
|
)%
|
|
$
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
*
|
Total
investments exclude securities sold short.
|
**
|
Amount
represents less than 0.05%.
|
As
of June 30, 2021, forward foreign exchange contracts outstanding were as follows:
Currency
Purchased
|
|
Currency
Sold
|
|
|
Counterparty
|
|
Settlement
Date
|
|
Unrealized
Appreciation
|
|
USD
|
|
6,806,513
EUR
|
|
|
5,700,000
|
|
|
State Street
Bank and Trust Co.
|
|
07/30/21
|
|
$
|
43,405
|
|
USD
|
|
589,135 SEK
|
|
|
5,000,000
|
|
|
State Street Bank and
Trust Co.
|
|
07/30/21
|
|
|
4,726
|
|
USD
|
|
162,647 CAD
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
State Street Bank and
Trust Co.
|
|
07/30/21
|
|
|
1,307
|
|
USD
|
|
138,954 GBP
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
State Street Bank and
Trust Co.
|
|
07/30/21
|
|
|
611
|
|
TOTAL
FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
|
|
$
|
50,049
|
|
See
accompanying notes to financial statements.
The
GDL Fund
Statement
of Assets and Liabilities
|
June
30, 2021 (Unaudited)
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
Investments in securities, at value (cost $186,045,074)
|
|
$
|
189,365,676
|
|
Foreign currency, at value (cost $20,884)
|
|
|
20,801
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
248,633
|
|
Deposit at brokers for securities sold short
|
|
|
7,934,302
|
|
Receivable for investments in securities sold
|
|
|
2,459,953
|
|
Dividends receivable
|
|
|
552,257
|
|
Deferred offering expense
|
|
|
124,541
|
|
Unrealized appreciation on forward foreign currency contracts
|
|
|
50,049
|
|
Total Assets
|
|
|
200,756,212
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
Securities sold short, at value (proceeds $8,730,399)
|
|
|
10,605,576
|
|
Distributions payable
|
|
|
19,137
|
|
Payable for investment securities purchased
|
|
|
5,905,336
|
|
Payable for investment advisory fees
|
|
|
562,417
|
|
Payable for payroll expenses
|
|
|
33,521
|
|
Payable for accounting fees
|
|
|
3,750
|
|
Dividends payable on securities sold short
|
|
|
950
|
|
Series C Cumulative Preferred Shares, callable and mandatory redemption 03/26/25 (See Notes 2 and 5)
|
|
|
34,446,600
|
|
Other accrued expenses
|
|
|
132,767
|
|
Total Liabilities
|
|
|
51,710,054
|
|
Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders
|
|
$
|
149,046,158
|
|
Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders Consist of:
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in capital
|
|
$
|
150,581,341
|
|
Total accumulated loss
|
|
|
(1,535,183
|
)
|
Net Assets
|
|
$
|
149,046,158
|
|
Net Asset Value per Common Share:
|
|
|
|
|
($149,046,158 ÷ 13,879,825 shares outstanding at $0.001 par value; unlimited number of shares authorized)
|
|
$
|
10.74
|
|
Statement of Operations
For the Six Months Ended June
30, 2021 (Unaudited)
Investment Income:
|
|
|
|
Dividends (net of foreign withholding taxes of $18,377)
|
|
$
|
930,819
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
36,460
|
|
Total Investment Income
|
|
|
967,279
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
Investment advisory fees
|
|
|
947,135
|
|
Interest expense on preferred shares
|
|
|
688,932
|
|
Legal and audit fees
|
|
|
75,452
|
|
Payroll expenses
|
|
|
70,566
|
|
Trustees’ fees
|
|
|
65,791
|
|
Shareholder communications expenses
|
|
|
53,971
|
|
Dividend expense on securities sold short
|
|
|
29,059
|
|
Service fees for securities sold short (See Note 2)
|
|
|
28,883
|
|
Accounting fees
|
|
|
22,500
|
|
Custodian fees
|
|
|
13,090
|
|
Shareholder services fees
|
|
|
11,538
|
|
Shelf offering expense
|
|
|
8,809
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
110
|
|
Miscellaneous expenses
|
|
|
40,112
|
|
Total Expenses
|
|
|
2,055,948
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
Advisory fee reduction on unsupervised assets (See Note 3)
|
|
|
(2,643
|
)
|
Expenses paid indirectly by broker (See Note 3)
|
|
|
(1,202
|
)
|
Custodian fee credits
|
|
|
(546
|
)
|
Total Credits and Reductions
|
|
|
(4,391
|
)
|
Net Expenses
|
|
|
2,051,557
|
|
Net Investment Loss
|
|
|
(1,084,278
|
)
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments in Securities, Securities Sold Short, Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts, and Foreign Currency:
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized gain on investments in securities
|
|
|
2,033,189
|
|
Net realized gain on securities sold short
|
|
|
190,864
|
|
Net realized gain on forward foreign
exchange contracts
|
|
|
143,494
|
|
Net realized loss on foreign
currency transactions
|
|
|
(22,816
|
)
|
Net realized gain on investments, securities sold short, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign currency transactions
|
|
|
2,344,731
|
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation:
|
|
|
|
|
on investments in securities
|
|
|
1,838,124
|
|
on securities sold short
|
|
|
(331,057
|
)
|
on forward foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
92,572
|
|
on foreign currency translations
|
|
|
(1,563
|
)
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation on investments, securities sold short, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign currency translations
|
|
|
1,598,076
|
|
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments in securities, Securities Sold Short, Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts, and Foreign Currency
|
|
|
3,942,807
|
|
Net Increase in Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders Resulting from Operations
|
|
$
|
2,858,529
|
|
See
accompanying notes to financial statements.
The GDL Fund
Statement of
Changes in Net Assets Attributable to Common Stockholders
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2021
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
December 31, 2020
|
Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment loss
|
|
|
$
|
(1,084,278
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
(3,932,267
|
)
|
|
Net realized gain/(loss) on investments in securities, securities sold short, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign currency transactions
|
|
|
|
2,344,731
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,126,521
|
)
|
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation on investments in securities, securities sold short, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign currency translations
|
|
|
|
1,598,076
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,003,731
|
|
|
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders Resulting from Operations
|
|
|
|
2,858,529
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,055,057
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to Common Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated earnings
|
|
|
|
(932,371
|
)*
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
Return of capital
|
|
|
|
(2,407,467
|
)*
|
|
|
|
|
(6,754,582
|
)
|
|
Total Distributions to Common Shareholders
|
|
|
|
(3,339,838
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(6,754,582)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fund Share Transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease from repurchase of common shares
|
|
|
|
(1,923,319
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(13,423,094
|
)
|
|
Offering costs for preferred shares charged to paid-in capital
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,500
|
)
|
|
Net
Decrease in Net Assets from Fund Share Transactions
|
|
|
|
(1,923,319
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(13,425,594
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Decrease in Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders
|
|
|
|
(2,404,628
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(23,235,233
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
|
|
151,450,786
|
|
|
|
|
|
174,686,019
|
|
|
End of period
|
|
|
$
|
149,046,158
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
151,450,786
|
|
|
* Based
on year to date book income. Amounts are subject to change and recharacterization at year end.
See accompanying notes to financial
statements.
The GDL Fund
Statement of
Cash Flows
For the Six
Months Ended June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)
Net increase in net assets attributable to common shareholders resulting from operations
|
|
$
|
2,858,529
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Increase in Net Assets Resulting from Operations to Net Cash from Operating Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of long term investment securities
|
|
|
(158,337,832
|
)
|
Proceeds from sales of long term investment securities
|
|
|
121,406,307
|
|
Proceeds from short sales of investment securities
|
|
|
(6,740,264
|
)
|
Purchase of securities to cover short sales
|
|
|
9,872,689
|
|
Net sales of short term investment securities
|
|
|
43,335,584
|
|
Net realized gain on investments
|
|
|
(2,033,189
|
)
|
Net realized gain on securities sold short
|
|
|
(190,864
|
)
|
Net change in unrealized appreciation on investments
|
|
|
(1,838,124
|
)
|
Net amortization of discount
|
|
|
(36,357
|
)
|
Net decrease in unrealized appreciation on forward foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
(92,572
|
)
|
Net increase in unrealized depreciation on securities sold short
|
|
|
331,057
|
|
Decrease in receivable for investments sold
|
|
|
4,877,260
|
|
Increase in dividends receivable
|
|
|
(10,940
|
)
|
Increase in deferred offering expense
|
|
|
(32,458
|
)
|
Decrease in payable for investments purchased
|
|
|
(2,362,578
|
)
|
Increase in payable for investment advisory fees
|
|
|
345,870
|
|
Decrease in payable for payroll expenses
|
|
|
(19,383
|
)
|
Decrease in payable for dividends payable on securities sold short
|
|
|
(605
|
)
|
Decrease in other accrued expenses
|
|
|
(66,928
|
)
|
Decrease in payable to custodian
|
|
|
(5,240,442
|
)
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
6,024,760
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in net assets resulting from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to Common Shareholders
|
|
|
(3,339,838
|
)
|
Decrease from repurchase of common shares
|
|
|
(1,923,319
|
)
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
|
(5,263,157
|
)
|
Net increase in cash
|
|
|
761,603
|
|
Cash (including foreign currency and restricted cash):
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
|
7,442,133
|
|
End of period
|
|
$
|
8,203,736
|
|
___________________________
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid on preferred shares
|
|
$
|
688,932
|
|
Interest paid on bank overdrafts
|
|
|
110
|
|
Value of shares received as part of mergers of certain Fund investments
|
|
|
5,441,600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, foreign currency, and restricted cash reported within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities that sum to the total of the same amount above at June 30, 2021:
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits at broker for securities sold short
|
|
$
|
7,934,302
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
248,633
|
|
Foreign currency, at value
|
|
|
20,801
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,203,736
|
|
See accompanying notes to financial
statements.
The GDL Fund
Financial Highlights
Selected data
for a common share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout each period:
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2021
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Operating Performance:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
asset value, beginning of year
|
|
$
|
10.74
|
|
|
$
|
11.15
|
|
|
$
|
10.99
|
|
|
$
|
11.59
|
|
|
$
|
11.88
|
|
|
$
|
11.93
|
|
Net investment loss
|
|
|
(0.08
|
)
|
|
|
(0.28
|
)
|
|
|
(0.42
|
)
|
|
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
|
(0.22
|
)
|
|
|
(0.36
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investments,
securities sold short, swap contracts, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign currency
transactions
|
|
|
0.29
|
|
|
|
0.14
|
|
|
|
0.88
|
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)
|
|
|
0.46
|
|
|
|
0.84
|
|
Total from investment operations
|
|
|
0.21
|
|
|
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
|
0.46
|
|
|
|
(0.29
|
)
|
|
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
0.48
|
|
Distributions to Common Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)*(a)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net realized gain
|
|
|
(0.06
|
)*
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(0.07
|
)
|
|
|
(0.18
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(0.59
|
)
|
Return of capital
|
|
|
(0.18
|
)*
|
|
|
(0.46
|
)
|
|
|
(0.33
|
)
|
|
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
|
(0.58
|
)
|
|
|
(0.05
|
)
|
Total distributions to common shareholders
|
|
|
(0.24
|
)
|
|
|
(0.46
|
)
|
|
|
(0.40
|
)
|
|
|
(0.40
|
)
|
|
|
(0.58
|
)
|
|
|
(0.64
|
)
|
Fund Share Transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in net asset value from repurchase
of common shares
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
0.09
|
|
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
0.11
|
|
Offering costs for preferred shares charged
to paid-in capital
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(0.00
|
)(a)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total Fund share transactions
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
0.09
|
|
|
|
0.05
|
|
|
|
0.11
|
|
Net Asset Value Attributable to Common
Shareholders, End of Period
|
|
$
|
10.74
|
|
|
$
|
10.74
|
|
|
$
|
11.15
|
|
|
$
|
10.99
|
|
|
$
|
11.59
|
|
|
$
|
11.88
|
|
NAV total return †
|
|
|
2.24
|
%
|
|
|
0.74
|
%
|
|
|
5.15
|
%
|
|
|
(1.76
|
)%
|
|
|
2.50
|
%
|
|
|
5.09
|
%
|
Market value, end of period
|
|
$
|
9.07
|
|
|
$
|
8.72
|
|
|
$
|
9.30
|
|
|
$
|
9.17
|
|
|
$
|
9.73
|
|
|
$
|
9.84
|
|
Investment total return ††
|
|
|
6.78
|
%
|
|
|
(0.93
|
)%
|
|
|
5.81
|
%
|
|
|
(1.62
|
)%
|
|
|
4.70
|
%
|
|
|
4.79
|
%
|
Ratios to Average Net Assets and
Supplemental Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets including liquidation value of preferred shares, end of period (in 000’s)
|
|
$
|
183,493
|
|
|
$
|
185,897
|
|
|
$
|
305,887
|
|
|
$
|
314,633
|
|
|
$
|
335,299
|
|
|
$
|
347,980
|
|
Net assets attributable to common shares,
end of period (in 000’s)
|
|
$
|
149,046
|
|
|
$
|
151,451
|
|
|
$
|
174,686
|
|
|
$
|
183,431
|
|
|
$
|
204,098
|
|
|
$
|
216,779
|
|
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets attributable to common
shares including interest and offering costs
(b)
|
|
|
(1.45
|
)%(c)
|
|
|
(2.49
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.64
|
)%
|
|
|
(1.18
|
)%
|
|
|
(1.85
|
)%
|
|
|
(2.94
|
)%
|
Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets attributable to common shares
(d)(e)
|
|
|
2.74
|
%(c)
|
|
|
3.17
|
%(f)
|
|
|
5.76
|
%(f)
|
|
|
4.04
|
%
|
|
|
3.65
|
%(g)
|
|
|
4.72
|
%(g)(h)
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
141
|
%
|
|
|
228
|
%
|
|
|
380
|
%
|
|
|
390
|
%
|
|
|
233
|
%
|
|
|
284
|
%
|
See accompanying notes to financial
statements.
The
GDL Fund
Financial
Highlights (Continued)
Selected
data for a common share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout each period:
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2021
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Cumulative Preferred Shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series B Preferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (in 000’s)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
131,201
|
|
|
$
|
131,201
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000’s)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
Liquidation preference per share
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
Average market value (i)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
50.51
|
|
|
$
|
50.51
|
|
Asset coverage per share
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
127.78
|
|
|
$
|
132.61
|
|
Series C Preferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquidation value, end of period (in 000’s)
|
|
$
|
34,447
|
|
|
$
|
34,447
|
|
|
$
|
131,201
|
|
|
$
|
131,201
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total shares outstanding (in 000’s)
|
|
|
689
|
|
|
|
689
|
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
|
|
2,624
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Liquidation preference per share
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
|
$
|
50.00
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Average market value (i)
|
|
$
|
51.49
|
|
|
$
|
51.15
|
|
|
$
|
50.71
|
|
|
$
|
51.63
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Asset coverage per share
|
|
$
|
266.34
|
|
|
$
|
269.83
|
|
|
$
|
116.57
|
|
|
$
|
119.90
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Asset Coverage
|
|
|
533
|
%
|
|
|
540
|
%
|
|
|
233
|
%
|
|
|
240
|
%
|
|
|
256
|
%
|
|
|
265
|
%
|
†
|
Based on net asset value per share, adjusted for reinvestment
of distributions at the net asset value per share on the ex-dividend dates. Total return for a period of less than one year is
not annualized.
|
|
††
|
Based on market value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions
at prices determined under the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Total return for a period of less than one year is not
annualized.
|
*
|
Based on year to date book
income. Amounts are subject to change and recharacterization at year end.
|
(a)
|
Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
|
(b)
|
The Fund incurred interest expense during all periods
presented. Interest expense on Preferred Shares relates to the $50 Series B Preferred Shares to May 29, 2018 and the $50 Series
C Preferred Shares from March 26, 2018 through June 30, 2021 (see Footnotes 2 and 5).
|
(d)
|
The Fund received credits from a designated broker who
agreed to pay certain Fund operating expenses. For all years presented, there was no impact on the expense ratios.
|
(e)
|
The ratio of operating expenses excluding interest, dividends
and service fees on securities sold short, and offering costs to average net assets attributable to common shares for the six
months ended June 30, 2021 and years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, and 2016 would have been 1.73%, 2.61%, 2.41%,
1.28%, 1.75%, and 2.92%, respectively.
|
(f)
|
The ratio of operating expenses excluding the custodian
fee credit for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 would have been 3.18% and 5.75%. For the six months ended June 30, 2021,
there was no impact on the expense ratios.
|
(g)
|
The ratio of operating expenses does not include custodian
fee credits. Including such custodian fee credits, the ratio of operating expenses to average net assets for the year ended December
31, 2017 would have been 3.64%. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the effect was minimal.
|
(h)
|
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the ratio of operating
expenses excluded interest, dividends and service fees on securities sold short, and offering costs. Including these expenses,
the ratio of operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016, would have been 4.84%.
|
(i)
|
Based on weekly prices.
|
See
accompanying notes to financial statements.
The GDL Fund
Notes to Financial
Statements (Unaudited)
1.
Organization. The GDL Fund currently operates as a diversified closed-end management investment company organized as a Delaware
statutory trust on October 17, 2006 and registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Investment
operations commenced on January 31, 2007.
The
Fund’s primary investment objective is to achieve absolute returns in various market conditions without excessive risk of
capital. The Fund will seek to achieve its objective by investing primarily in merger arbitrage transactions and, to a lesser
extent, in corporate reorganizations involving stubs, spin-offs, and liquidations. The Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets,
under normal market conditions, in securities or hedging arrangements relating to companies involved in corporate transactions
or reorganizations, giving rise to the possibility of realizing gains upon or within relatively short periods of time after the
completion of such transactions or reorganizations.
The
principal risk associated with the Fund’s investment strategy is that certain of the proposed reorganizations in which the
Fund invests may involve a longer time frame than originally contemplated or be renegotiated or terminated, in which case losses
may be realized. The Fund invests all or a portion of its assets to seek short term capital appreciation. This can be expected
to increase the portfolio turnover rate and cause increased brokerage commission costs.
The
Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in specific sectors of the market in order to achieve a potentially greater investment
return. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to economic, political, and regulatory developments in a particular sector
of the market, positive or negative, and may experience increased volatility to the Fund’s NAV and a magnified effect in
its total return.
2.
Significant Accounting Policies.
As an investment company, the Fund follows the investment company accounting and reporting guidance, which is part of U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that may require the use of management estimates and assumptions in the preparation of its
financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies
followed by the Fund in the preparation of its financial statements.
The
global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19, has caused adverse effects on many companies, sectors, nations,
regions and the markets in general, and may continue for an unpredictable duration. The effects of this pandemic may materially
impact the value and performance of the Fund, its ability to buy and sell fund investments at appropriate valuations, and its
ability to achieve its investment objectives.
Security
Valuation. Portfolio securities listed or traded on a nationally
recognized securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market for which market quotations are readily available
are valued at the last quoted sale price or a market’s official closing price as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued. If there were no sales that day, the security is valued at the average of the closing bid and asked
prices or, if there were no asked prices quoted on that day, then the security is valued at the closing bid price on that day.
If no bid or asked prices are quoted on such day, the security is valued at the most recently available price or, if the Board
of Trustees (the Board) so determines, by such other method as the Board shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market
value. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest
and most representative market, as determined by Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Adviser).
The GDL Fund
Notes to Financial
Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
Portfolio
securities primarily traded on a foreign market are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on the
relevant market, but may be fair valued pursuant to procedures established by the Board if market conditions change significantly
after the close of the foreign market, but prior to the close of business on the day the securities are being valued. Debt obligations
for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the average of the latest bid and asked prices. If there were
no asked prices quoted on such day, the securities are valued using the closing bid price, unless the Board determines such amount
does not reflect the securities’ fair value, in which case these securities will be fair valued as determined by the Board.
Certain securities are valued principally using dealer quotations. Futures contracts are valued at the closing settlement price
of the exchange or board of trade on which the applicable contract is traded. OTC futures and options on futures for which market
quotations are readily available will be valued by quotations received from a pricing service or, if no quotations are available
from a pricing service, by quotations obtained from one or more dealers in the instrument in question by the Adviser.
Securities
and assets for which market quotations are not readily available are fair valued as determined by the Board. Fair valuation methodologies
and procedures may include, but are not limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about
the company; comparisons with the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign
securities with the equivalent U.S. dollar value American Depositary Receipt securities at the close of the U.S. exchange; and
evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.
The
inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value of the Fund’s investments are summarized into three levels as
described in the hierarchy below:
|
●
|
Level 1 — quoted
prices in active markets for identical securities;
|
|
●
|
Level 2 — other
significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk,
etc.); and
|
|
●
|
Level 3 — significant
unobservable inputs (including the Board’s determinations as to the fair value of investments).
|
A
financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input both individually
and in the aggregate that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities
are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
The
summary of the Fund’s investments in securities and other financial instruments by inputs used to value the
Fund’s investments as of June 30, 2021 is as follows:
|
|
Valuation Inputs
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1
Quoted Prices
|
|
Level 2 Other Significant
Observable Inputs
|
|
Level 3 Significant
Unobservable Inputs (a)
|
|
Total Market Value
at 06/30/21
|
INVESTMENTS
IN SECURITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
(Market Value):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
Stocks:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
Products
|
|
$
|
736,822
|
|
|
$
|
79,870
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
816,692
|
|
Hotels
and Gaming
|
|
|
580,542
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
182,985
|
|
|
|
763,527
|
|
Machinery
|
|
|
1,483,291
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
136,361
|
|
|
|
1,619,652
|
|
Transportation
|
|
|
283,370
|
|
|
|
230,036
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
513,406
|
|
Wireless
Communications
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,547,473
|
|
|
|
1,547,473
|
|
Other
Industries (b)
|
|
|
90,673,595
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
90,673,595
|
|
Total
Common Stocks
|
|
|
93,757,620
|
|
|
|
309,906
|
|
|
|
1,866,819
|
|
|
|
95,934,345
|
|
Closed-End
Funds
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
6,183,750
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
6,183,750
|
|
Preferred
Stocks (b)
|
|
|
46,780
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
46,780
|
|
Convertible
Preferred Stocks (b)
|
|
|
50,010
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
50,010
|
|
Rights
(b)
|
|
|
356,150
|
|
|
|
267,822
|
|
|
|
139,584
|
|
|
|
763,556
|
|
U.S.
Government Obligations
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
86,387,235
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
86,387,235
|
|
TOTAL
INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES – ASSETS
|
|
$
|
94,210,560
|
|
|
$
|
93,148,713
|
|
|
$
|
2,006,403
|
|
|
$
|
189,365,676
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
(Market Value):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
Stocks Sold Short (b)
|
|
$
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
TOTAL
INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES– LIABILITIES
|
|
$
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(10,605,576
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
(Unrealized Appreciation):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FORWARD
CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward
Foreign Exchange Contracts
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
50,049
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
50,049
|
|
(a)
|
Level
3 securities are valued at last available closing price. The inputs for these securities
are not readily available and are derived based on the judgment of the Adviser according
to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees.
|
(b)
|
Please
refer to the Schedule of Investments (SOI) for the industry classifications of these
portfolio holdings.
|
*
|
Other
financial instruments are derivatives reflected in the SOI, such as options, futures,
forwards, and swaps, which may be valued at the unrealized appreciation/(depreciation)
of the instrument.
|
During
the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund had transfers into Level 3 of $1,686,130 or 1.11% and out of Level 3 of $355,772
or 0.22% of net assets as of December 31, 2020. Transfers into Level 3 are due to an decrease in market activity, e.g., frequency
of trades, which resulted in an decrease in available market inputs to determine the prices and transfers out of Level 3 are due
to an increase in market activity, e.g., frequency of trades, which resulted in an increase in available market inputs to determine
the prices. The Fund’s policy is to recognize transfers among Levels as of the beginning of the reporting period.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
|
|
Balance
as of
12/31/20
|
|
|
Accrued
discounts/ (premiums)
|
|
|
Realized
gain/
(loss)
|
|
|
Net
Change
in unrealized appreciation/ depreciation†
|
|
|
Purchases
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
Transfers
Into
Level 3††
|
|
|
Transfers
Out of
Level 3††
|
|
|
Balance
as of
06/30/21
|
|
|
Net
change in unrealized appreciation/ depreciation
during the
period on
Level 3
investments
still held at
06/30/21†
|
|
INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS (Market Value):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
Stocks (a)
|
|
$
|
459,587
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(9,646
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,686,130
|
|
|
$
|
(269,252
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,866,819
|
|
|
$
|
(9,646
|
)
|
Rights
(a)
|
|
|
251,860
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(25,756
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(86,520
|
)
|
|
|
139,584
|
|
|
|
(25,756
|
)
|
TOTAL
INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES
|
|
$
|
711,447
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(35,402
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,686,130
|
|
|
$
|
(355,772
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,006,403
|
(b)
|
|
$
|
(35,402
|
)
|
†
|
Net
change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation on investments is included in the related
amounts in the Statement of Operations.
|
††
|
The Fund’s policy is to recognize transfers into and out of Level 3 as of the beginning
of the reporting period.
|
(a)
|
Please
refer to the Schedule of Investments (SOI) for the industry classifications of these
portfolio holdings.
|
(b)
|
The
Level 3 common stock was valued at the price of the proposed merger transaction and net
realizable value of corporate action. The total value of these securities at June 30,
2021 was $2,006,403. The inputs for the valuation of these securities were based on the
judgment of the Adviser according to procedures approved by the Board.
|
Additional
Information to Evaluate Qualitative Information.
General.
The Fund uses recognized
industry pricing services – approved by the Board and unaffiliated with the Adviser – to value most of its securities,
and uses broker quotes provided by market makers of securities not valued by these and other recognized pricing sources. Several
different pricing feeds are received to value domestic equity securities, international equity securities, preferred equity securities,
and fixed income securities. The data within these feeds are ultimately sourced from major stock exchanges and trading systems
where these securities trade. The prices supplied by external sources are checked by obtaining quotations or actual transaction
prices from market participants. If a price obtained from the pricing source is deemed unreliable, prices will be sought from
another pricing service or from a broker/dealer that trades that security or similar securities.
Fair
Valuation. Fair valued
securities may be common or preferred equities, warrants, options, rights, or fixed income obligations. Where appropriate, Level
3 securities are those for which market quotations are not available, such as securities not traded for several days, or for which
current bids are not available, or which are restricted as to transfer. When fair valuing a security, factors to consider include
recent prices of comparable securities that are publicly traded, reliable prices of securities not publicly traded, the use of
valuation models, current analyst reports, valuing the income or cash flow of the issuer, or cost if the preceding factors do
not apply. A significant change in the unobservable inputs could result in a lower or higher value in Level 3 securities. The
circumstances of Level 3 securities are frequently monitored to determine if fair valuation measures continue to apply.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
The
Adviser reports quarterly to the Board the results of the application of fair valuation policies and procedures. These may include
backtesting the prices realized in subsequent trades of these fair valued securities to fair values previously recognized.
Derivative
Financial Instruments. The
Fund may engage in various portfolio investment strategies by investing in derivative financial instruments for the purposes of
increasing the income of the Fund, hedging against changes in the value of its portfolio securities and in the value of securities
it intends to purchase, or hedging against a specific transaction with respect to either the currency in which the transaction
is denominated or another currency. Investing in certain derivative financial instruments, including participation in the options,
futures, or swap markets, entails certain execution, liquidity, hedging, tax, and securities, interest, credit, or currency market
risks. Losses may arise if the Adviser’s prediction of movements in the direction of the securities, foreign currency, and
interest rate markets is inaccurate. Losses may also arise if the counterparty does not perform its duties under a contract, or,
in the event of default, the Fund may be delayed in or prevented from obtaining payments or other contractual remedies owed to
it under derivative contracts. The creditworthiness of the counterparties is closely monitored in order to minimize these risks.
Participation in derivative transactions involves investment risks, transaction costs, and potential losses to which the Fund
would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. The consequences of these risks, transaction costs, and losses may have
a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to pay distributions.
Collateral
requirements differ by type of derivative. Collateral requirements are set by the broker or exchange clearing house for exchange
traded derivatives, while collateral terms are contract specific for derivatives traded over-the-counter. Securities pledged to
cover obligations of the Fund under derivative contracts are noted in the Schedule of Investments. Cash collateral, if any, pledged
for the same purpose will be reported separately in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
The
Fund’s policy with respect to offsetting is that, absent an event of default by the counterparty or a termination of the
agreement, the master agreement does not result in an offset of reported amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities
in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities across transactions between the Fund and the applicable counterparty. The enforceability
of the right to offset may vary by jurisdiction.
The
Fund’s derivative contracts held at June 30, 2021, if any, are not accounted for as hedging instruments under GAAP and are
disclosed in the Schedule of Investments together with the related counterparty.
Swap
Agreements. The Fund may
enter into equity contract for difference swap transactions for the purpose of increasing the income of the Fund. The use of swaps
is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
security transactions. In an equity contract for difference swap, a set of future cash flows is exchanged between two counterparties.
One of these cash flow streams will typically be based on a reference interest rate combined with the performance of a notional
value of shares of a stock. The other will be based on the performance of the shares of a stock. Depending on the general state
of short term interest rates and the returns on the Fund’s portfolio securities at the time an equity contract for difference
swap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement
transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
Unrealized
gains related to swaps are reported as an asset and unrealized losses are reported as a liability in the Statement of Assets and
Liabilities. The change in value of swaps, including the accrual of periodic amounts of interest to be received or paid on swaps,
is reported as unrealized gain or loss in the Statement of Operations. A realized gain or loss is recorded upon receipt or payment
of a periodic payment or termination of swap agreements. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund held no investments
in equity contract for difference swap agreements.
Forward
Foreign Exchange Contracts. The
Fund may engage in forward foreign exchange contracts for the purpose of hedging a specific transaction with respect to either
the currency in which the transaction is denominated or another currency as deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Forward foreign
exchange contracts are valued at the forward rate and are marked-to-market daily. The change in market value is included in unrealized
appreciation/depreciation on forward foreign exchange contracts. When the contract is closed, the Fund records a realized gain
or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed.
The
use of forward foreign exchange contracts does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the Fund’s portfolio
securities, but it does establish a rate of exchange that can be achieved in the future. Although forward foreign exchange contracts
limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also limit any potential gain that might result
should the value of the currency increase. Forward foreign exchange contracts at June 30, 2021 are reflected within the Schedule
of Investments. The Fund’s volume of activity in forward foreign exchange contracts during the six months ended June 30,
2021 had an average monthly notional amount of approximately $8,756,683.
At
June 30, 2021, the value of forward foreign exchange contracts can be found in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities under Assets,
Unrealized appreciation on forward foreign exchange contracts. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the effect of forward foreign
exchange contracts can be found in the Statement of Operations under Net Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments in
Securities, Securities Sold Short, Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts, and Foreign Currency, within Net realized gain on forward
foreign exchange contracts and Net change in unrealized appreciation/depreciation on forward foreign exchange contracts.
At
June 30, 2021, the Fund’s derivative assets (by type) are as follows:
|
|
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized Assets
Presented in the
Statement of
Assets and Liabilities
|
|
Gross
Amounts
Available for
Offset in the
Statement of Assets
and Liabilities
|
|
Net
Amounts of
Assets Presented in
the Statement of
Assets and Liabilities
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward
Foreign Exchange Contracts
|
|
$50,049
|
|
—
|
|
$50,049
|
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
The
following table presents the Fund’s derivative assets by counterparty net of the related collateral segregated by the Fund
for the benefit of the counterparty as of June 30, 2021:
|
|
Net
Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of
Assets and Liabilities
|
|
|
Net
Amounts of
Assets Presented in
the Statement of
Assets and Liabilities
|
|
Securities
Pledged
as Collateral
|
|
Cash
Collateral
Received
|
|
Net
Amount
|
Counterparty
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
State
Street Bank and Trust Co.
|
|
$50,049
|
|
—
|
|
—
|
|
$50,049
|
Limitations
on the Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts, Certain Options, and Swaps. Subject
to the guidelines of the Board, the Fund may engage in “commodity interest” transactions (generally, transactions
in futures, certain options, certain currency transactions, and certain types of swaps) only for bona fide hedging or other permissible
transactions in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Pursuant to amendments
by the CFTC to Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), the Adviser has filed a notice of exemption from registration
as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund. The Fund and the Adviser are therefore not subject to registration
or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. In addition, certain trading restrictions are now applicable to the
Fund which permit the Fund to engage in commodity interest transactions that include (i) “bona fide hedging” transactions,
as that term is defined and interpreted by the CFTC and its staff, without regard to the percentage of the Fund’s assets
committed to margin and options premiums and (ii) non-bona fide hedging transactions, provided that the Fund does not enter into
such non-bona fide hedging transactions if, immediately thereafter, either (a) the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits
on the Fund’s existing futures positions or swaps positions and option or swaption premiums would exceed 5% of the market
value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions,
or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the Fund’s commodity interest transactions would not exceed 100% of the market
value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions.
Therefore, in order to claim the Rule 4.5 exemption, the Fund is limited in its ability to invest in commodity futures, options,
and certain types of swaps (including securities futures, broad based stock index futures, and financial futures contracts). As
a result, in the future the Fund will be more limited in its ability to use these instruments than in the past, and these limitations
may have a negative impact on the ability of the Adviser to manage the Fund, and on the Fund’s performance.
Securities
Sold Short. The Fund enters into short sale transactions. Short selling involves selling securities that may or may not be owned
and, at times, borrowing the same securities for delivery to the purchaser, with an obligation to replace such borrowed securities at
a later date. The proceeds received from short sales are recorded as liabilities and the Fund records an unrealized gain or loss to the
extent of the difference between the proceeds received and the value of an open short position on the day of determination. The Fund
records a realized gain or loss when the short position is closed out. By entering into a short sale, the Fund bears the market risk
of an unfavorable change in the price of the security sold short. Dividends on short sales are recorded as an expense by the Fund on
the ex-dividend date and interest expense is recorded on the accrual basis. The broker retains collateral for the value of the open positions,
which is adjusted periodically as the value
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
of
the position fluctuates. Securities sold short and details of collateral at June 30, 2021 are reflected within the Schedule of
Investments. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund incurred $28,883 in service fees related to its investment positions
sold short and held by the broker. These amounts are included in the Statement of Operations under Expenses, Service fees for
securities sold short.
Series
C Cumulative Preferred Shares. For financial reporting purposes only, the liquidation value of preferred shares that have
a mandatory call date is classified as a liability within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and the dividends paid on these
preferred shares are included as a component of “Interest expense on preferred shares” within the Statement of Operations.
Offering costs are amortized over the life of the preferred shares.
Investments
in Other Investment Companies. The Fund may invest, from time to time, in shares of other investment companies (or entities
that would be considered investment companies but are excluded from the definition pursuant to certain exceptions under the 1940
Act) (the Acquired Funds) in accordance with the 1940 Act and related rules. Shareholders in the Fund would bear the pro rata
portion of the periodic expenses of the Acquired Funds in addition to the Fund’s expenses. For the six months ended June
30, 2021, the Fund’s pro rata portion of the periodic expenses charged by the Acquired Funds was approximately 1 basis point.
Foreign
Currency Translations. The
books and records of the Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. Foreign currencies, investments, and other assets and liabilities
are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates. Purchases and sales of investment securities, income, and expenses
are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions. Unrealized gains and losses that
result from changes in foreign exchange rates and/or changes in market prices of securities have been included in unrealized appreciation/depreciation
on investments and foreign currency translations. Net realized foreign currency gains and losses resulting from changes in exchange
rates include foreign currency gains and losses between trade date and settlement date on investment securities transactions,
foreign currency transactions, and the difference between the amounts of interest and dividends recorded on the books of the Fund
and the amounts actually received. The portion of foreign currency gains and losses related to fluctuation in exchange rates between
the initial purchase trade date and subsequent sale trade date is included in realized gain/(loss) on investments.
Foreign
Securities. The Fund may
directly purchase securities of foreign issuers. Investing in securities of foreign issuers involves special risks not typically
associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. The risks include possible revaluation of currencies, the inability to
repatriate funds, less complete financial information about companies, and possible future adverse political and economic developments.
Moreover, securities of many foreign issuers and their markets may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities
of comparable U.S. issuers.
Foreign
Taxes. The Fund may be
subject to foreign taxes on income, gains on investments, or currency repatriation, a portion of which may be recoverable. The
Fund will accrue such taxes and recoveries as applicable, based upon its current interpretation of tax rules and regulations that
exist in the markets in which it invests.
Restricted
Securities. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities for which the markets are restricted. Restricted
securities include securities whose disposition is subject to substantial legal or contractual restrictions. The sale of restricted
securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than
the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter markets. Restricted securities
may sell at a price lower than similar
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
securities
that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Securities freely saleable among qualified institutional investors under special
rules adopted by the SEC may be treated as liquid if they satisfy liquidity standards established by the Board. The continued
liquidity of such securities is not as well assured as that of publicly traded securities, and accordingly the Board will monitor
their liquidity. At June 30, 2021, the Fund held no restricted securities.
Securities
Transactions and Investment Income. Securities
transactions are accounted for on the trade date with realized gain/(loss) on investments determined by using the identified cost
method. Interest income (including amortization of premium and accretion of discount) is recorded on an accrual basis. Premiums
and discounts on debt securities are amortized using the effective yield to maturity method or amortized to earliest call date,
if applicable. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date, except for certain dividends from foreign securities that
are recorded as soon after the ex-dividend date as the Fund becomes aware of such dividends.
Custodian
Fee Credits and Interest Expense. When
cash balances are maintained in the custody account, the Fund receives credits which are used to offset custodian fess. The gross
expenses paid under the custody arrangement are included in custodian fees in the Statement of Operations with the corresponding
expense offset, if any, shown as “Custodian fee credits.” When cash balances are overdrawn, the Fund is charged an
overdraft fee of 110% of the 90 day U.S. Treasury Bill rate on outstanding balances. This amount, if any, would be included in
the Statement of Operations.
Distributions
to Shareholders. Distributions to common shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Distributions to shareholders
are based on income and capital gains as determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations, which may differ from income
and capital gains as determined under GAAP. See Series C Cumulative Preferred Shares above for discussion of GAAP treatment. The
distributions on these Preferred Shares are treated as dividends for tax purposes. These differences are also due to differing
treatments of income and gains on various investment securities and foreign currency transactions held by the Fund, timing differences,
and differing characterizations of distributions made by the Fund. Distributions from net investment income for federal income
tax purposes include net realized gains on foreign currency transactions. These book/ tax differences are either temporary or
permanent in nature. To the extent these differences are permanent, adjustments are made to the appropriate capital accounts in
the period when the differences arise. These reclassifications have no impact on the NAV of the Fund.
Under
the Fund’s current common share distribution policy, the Fund declared and paid quarterly distributions from net investment
income, capital gains, and paid-in capital. The actual sources of the distribution are determined after the end of the year. To
the extent such distributions were made from current earnings and profits, they are considered ordinary income or long term capital
gains. Distributions during the year may be made in excess of required distributions. That portion of a distribution that is paid-in
capital (and is not sourced from net investment income or realized gains) should not be considered as the yield or total return
on an investment in the Fund.
Distributions
to shareholders of the Fund’s Series C Cumulative Preferred Shares are recorded on a daily basis and are determined as described
in Note 5.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
The
tax character of distributions paid during the year ended December 31, 2020 was as follows:
|
|
Common
|
|
Distributions
paid from:
|
|
|
|
|
Return of capital
|
|
$
|
6,754,582
|
|
Provision
for Income Taxes. The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). It is the policy of the Fund to comply with the requirements of the Code
applicable to regulated investment companies and to distribute substantially all of its net investment company taxable income
and net capital gains. Therefore, no provision for federal income taxes is required.
The
following summarizes the tax cost of investments and derivatives and the related net unrealized appreciation at June
30, 2021:
|
|
Cost
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Appreciation
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Depreciation
|
|
Net
Unrealized
Appreciation
|
Investments
and derivative instruments
|
|
$177,906,448
|
|
$6,668,927
|
|
$(5,765,226)
|
|
$903,701
|
The
Fund is required to evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Fund’s tax returns
to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority.
Income tax and related interest and penalties would be recognized by the Fund as tax expense in the Statement of Operations if
the tax positions were deemed not to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund
did not incur any income tax, interest, or penalties. As of June 30, 2021, the Adviser has reviewed all open tax years and concluded
that there was no impact to the Fund’s net assets or results of operations. The Fund’s federal and state tax returns
for the prior three fiscal years remain open, subject to examination. On an ongoing basis, the Adviser will monitor the Fund’s
tax positions to determine if adjustments to this conclusion are necessary.
3.
Investment Advisory Agreement and Other Transactions. The Fund has entered into an investment advisory agreement (the Advisory
Agreement) with the Adviser which provides that the Fund will pay the Adviser a base fee, computed weekly and paid monthly, equal
on an annual basis to 0.50% of the value of the Fund’s average weekly managed assets. Managed assets consist of all of the
assets of the Fund without deduction for borrowings, repurchase transactions, and other leveraging techniques, the liquidation
value of any outstanding preferred shares, or other liabilities except for certain ordinary course expenses. In addition, the
Fund may pay the Adviser an annual performance fee at a calendar year end if the Fund’s total return on its managed assets
during the year exceeds the total return of the 3 Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index (the T-Bill Index) during the same period. For
every four basis points that the Fund’s total return exceeds the T-Bill Index, the Fund will accrue weekly and pay annually
a one basis point performance fee up to a maximum performance fee of 150 basis points. Under the performance fee arrangement,
the annual rate of the total fees paid to the Adviser can range from 0.50% to 2.00% of the average weekly managed assets. During
the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund accrued a performance fee of $486,940. In accordance with the Advisory Agreement,
the Adviser
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
provides
a continuous investment program for the Fund’s portfolio and oversees the administration of all aspects of the Fund’s
business and affairs.
During
the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund paid $7,165 in brokerage commissions on security trades to G.research, LLC, an affiliate
of the Adviser.
During
the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund received credits from a designated broker who agreed to pay certain Fund operating
expenses. The amount of such expenses paid through this directed brokerage arrangement during this period was $1,202.
The
cost of calculating the Fund’s NAV per share is a Fund expense pursuant to the Advisory Agreement between the Fund and the
Adviser. Under the sub-administration agreement with Bank of New York Mellon, the fees paid include the cost of calculating the
Fund’s NAV. The Fund reimburses the Adviser for this service. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund accrued
$22,500 in accounting fees in the Statement of Operations.
As
per the approval of the Board, the Fund compensates officers of the Fund, who are employed by the Fund and are not employed by
the Adviser (although the officers may receive incentive based variable compensation from affiliates of the Adviser). For the
six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund accrued $70,566 in payroll expenses in the Statement of Operations.
There
was a reduction in the advisory fee paid to the Adviser relating to certain portfolio holdings, i.e., unsupervised assets, of
the Fund with respect to which the Adviser transferred dispositive and voting control to the Fund’s Proxy Voting Committee.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Fund’s Proxy Voting Committee exercised control and discretion over all rights
to vote or consent with respect to such securities, and the Adviser reduced its fee with respect to such securities by $2,643.
The
Fund pays retainer and per meeting fees to Trustees not affiliated with the Adviser, plus specified amounts to the Lead Trustee
and Audit Committee Chairman. Trustees are also reimbursed for out of pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings. Trustees
who are directors or employees of the Adviser or an affiliated company receive no compensation or expense reimbursement from the
Fund.
4.
Portfolio Securities. Purchases and sales of securities during the six months ended June 30, 2021, other than short term securities
and U.S. Government obligations, aggregated to $158,385,626 and $121,092,980, respectively. Purchases and sales of U.S. Government
Obligations for the six months ended June 30, 2021, aggregated $157,441,906 and $200,777,490, respectively.
5.
Capital. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001). The
Board has authorized the repurchase of the Fund’s common shares on the open market when its shares are trading at a discount
of 7.5% or more (or such other percentage as the Board may determine from time to time) from the NAV per share. During the six
months ended June 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020, the Fund repurchased and retired 215,780 and 1,577,680 common
shares in the open market at an investment of $1,923,319 and $13,423,094 and an average discount of approximately 17.95% and 19.45%,
respectively, from its NAV.
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
The
Fund has an effective shelf registration authorizing an additional $200 million of common or preferred shares.
The
Fund’s Declaration of Trust, as amended, authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of $0.001 par value Preferred
Shares. The Preferred Shares are senior to the common shares and result in the financial leveraging of the common shares. Such
leveraging tends to magnify both the risks and opportunities to common shareholders.
The
Series C Preferred paid distributions at an annualized rate of 4.000% on the $50 per share liquidation preference for the quarterly
dividend periods ended on or prior to March 26, 2019 (Year 1). On February 22, 2019, the Fund’s Board announced a reset
fixed dividend rate of 4.000% that will apply for the next eight quarterly dividend periods (Year 2 and Year 3). On March 1, 2021,
the Board continued the 4.000% dividend rate for Series C Preferred through the mandatory redemption date of March 26, 2025. On
March 26, 2020, 1,935,093 Series C Preferred were put back to the Fund at the liquidation value of $96,754,650, plus accumulated
and unpaid dividends. At June 30, 2021, there were 688,932 Series C Preferred outstanding and accrued dividends amounted to $19,137.
Dividends
on the Preferred Shares are cumulative. The Fund is required by the 1940 Act and by the Fund’s Statement of Preferences
to meet certain asset coverage tests with respect to the Preferred Shares. If the Fund fails to meet these requirements and does
not correct such failure, the Fund may be required to redeem, in part or in full, the Series C Preferred at the redemption price
of $50 per share plus an amount equal to the accumulated and unpaid dividends whether or not declared on such shares in order
to meet these requirements. Additionally, failure to meet the foregoing asset coverage requirements could restrict the Fund’s
ability to pay dividends to common shareholders and could lead to sales of portfolio securities at inopportune times. The income
received on the Fund’s assets may vary in a manner unrelated to the fixed and variable rates, which could have either a
beneficial or detrimental impact on net investment income and gains available to common shareholders.
The
holders of Preferred Shares generally are entitled to one vote per share held on each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders
of the Fund and will vote together with holders of common stock as a single class. The holders of Preferred Shares voting together
as a single class also have the right currently to elect two Trustees and under certain circumstances are entitled to elect a
majority of the Board of Trustees. In addition, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders
of all outstanding shares of the preferred shares, voting as a single class, will be required to approve any plan of reorganization
adversely affecting the preferred shares, and the approval of two-thirds of each class, voting separately, of the Fund’s
outstanding voting stock must approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company. The approval
of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding preferred shares and a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of
the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are required to approve certain other actions, including changes in the Fund’s
investment objectives or fundamental investment policies.
6.
Significant Shareholder. As of June 30, 2021, approximately 34.03% of the Fund was beneficially owned by the Adviser and its
affiliates, including managed accounts for which the affiliates of the Adviser have voting control but disclaim pecuniary interest.
7.
Indemnifications. The Fund
enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is
unknown. However, the Fund has not had prior claims or
The
GDL Fund
Notes
to Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Continued)
losses
pursuant to these contracts. Management has reviewed the Fund’s existing contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.
8.
Subsequent Events. Management has evaluated the impact on the Fund of all subsequent events occurring through the date the
financial statements were issued and has determined that there were no subsequent events requiring recognition or disclosure in
the financial statements.