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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(a) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Filed by the Registrant ☒   Filed by a Party other than the Registrant
Check the appropriate box:
Preliminary Proxy Statement
Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
Definitive Proxy Statement
Definitive Additional Materials
Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-11(c) or §240.14a-2
TWITTER, INC.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
No fee required.
Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
(1)
Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:
(2)
Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:
(3)
Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):
(4)
Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
(5)
Total fee paid:
Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
(1)
Amount Previously Paid:
(2)
Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
(3)
Filing Party:
(4)
Date Filed:


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TWITTER, INC.
1355 MARKET STREET, SUITE 900
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94103
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Wednesday, May 27, 2020
Dear Stockholders of Twitter, Inc.:
The 2020 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Twitter, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Twitter”), will be held on Wednesday, May 27, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted via live audio webcast. We believe that a virtual meeting provides expanded access, improved communication and cost savings for our stockholders and Twitter. Stockholders will be able to attend and listen to the Annual Meeting live, submit questions and vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting from virtually any location around the world. In order to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting, please follow the instructions in the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 5.
We are holding the Annual Meeting for the following purposes, as more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement:
1.
To elect three Class I directors to serve until our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified;
2.
To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers (“Say-on-Pay”);
3.
To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020;
4.
To consider and vote upon a stockholder proposal regarding an EEO policy risk report, if properly presented at the Annual Meeting; and
5.
To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.
Our board of directors has fixed the close of business on April 3, 2020 as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the Annual Meeting. Stockholders of record as of the Record Date are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. Further information regarding voting rights and the matters to be voted upon is presented in the accompanying proxy statement.
This proxy statement and our annual report can be accessed directly at www.proxyvote.com. You will be asked to enter the 16-digit control number located on your proxy card.
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to submit your vote via the Internet, telephone or mail.
We appreciate your continued support of Twitter.
By order of the Board of Directors,

Jack Dorsey
Chief Executive Officer and Director
San Francisco, California
April 15, 2020

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PROXY STATEMENT
FOR 2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TWITTER, INC.
PROXY STATEMENT
FOR 2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Wednesday, May 27, 2020
This proxy statement and the enclosed form of proxy are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors for use at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders of Twitter, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Twitter”), and any postponements, adjournments or continuations thereof (the “Annual Meeting”). The Annual Meeting will be held on Wednesday, May 27, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time.
The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting of stockholders, which will be conducted via live audio webcast. You will be able to attend and listen to the Annual Meeting live, submit questions and vote your shares electronically at the Annual Meeting. In order to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting, please follow the instructions in the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 5 .
The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) containing instructions on how to access this proxy statement and our annual report is first being mailed on or about April 15, 2020 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE PROXY MATERIALS AND OUR ANNUAL MEETING
The information provided in the “question and answer” format below is for your convenience only and is merely a summary of the information contained in this proxy statement. You should read this entire proxy statement carefully. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement and references to our website address in this proxy statement are inactive textual references only.
Why are you holding a virtual Annual Meeting?
Our Annual Meeting will be conducted via live audio webcast and online stockholder tools. We have implemented the virtual format in order to facilitate stockholder attendance and participation by enabling stockholders to participate fully, and equally, from any location around the world, at no cost. However, you will bear any costs associated with your Internet access, such as usage charges from Internet access providers and telephone companies. We believe this is the right choice for a company with a global footprint. A virtual Annual Meeting makes it possible for more stockholders (regardless of size, resources or physical location) to have direct access to information more quickly, while saving the company and our stockholders time and money, especially as physical attendance at meetings has dwindled. We also believe that the online tools we have selected will increase stockholder communication. Our virtual meeting this year also protects the safety of everyone in light of the COVID-19 outbreak, and takes into account recent federal, state and local guidance that has been issued. We remain very sensitive to concerns that virtual meetings may diminish stockholder voice or reduce accountability. Accordingly, we have designed our virtual format to enhance, rather than constrain, stockholder access, participation and communication. For example, the virtual format allows stockholders to communicate with us in advance of, and during, the Annual Meeting so they can ask questions of our board of directors or management. We do not place restrictions on the type or form of questions that may be asked; however, we reserve the right to edit profanity or other inappropriate language for publication. Just like we did when we held in-person meetings, during the live Q&A session of the Annual Meeting, we answer questions as they come in and address those asked in advance, as time permits. A replay and a written transcript of the meeting will be made publicly available on our investor relations site.
What matters am I voting on and how does the board of directors recommend that I vote?
PROPOSAL
TWITTER BOARD
OF DIRECTORS
VOTING
RECOMMENDATION
PAGE
REFERENCE
(FOR MORE
DETAIL)
(Proposal No. 1) The election of three Class I directors to serve until our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
FOR each nominee
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(Proposal No. 2) The approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers (“Say-on-Pay”).
FOR
30
(Proposal No. 3) Ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.
FOR
31
(Proposal No. 4) A stockholder proposal regarding an EEO policy risk report, if properly presented at the Annual Meeting.
AGAINST
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Other than the four items of business described in this proxy statement, we are not aware of any other business to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting. You may be asked to consider any other business that properly comes before the Annual Meeting.
Who is entitled to vote?
Holders of our common stock as of the close of business on April 3, 2020, the date our board of directors has set as the record date (the “Record Date”), may vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, there were 784,629,121 shares of our common stock outstanding. In deciding all matters at the
Annual Meeting, each stockholder will be entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock held by them on the Record Date. We do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors.
Stockholders of Record
If shares of our common stock are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares, and the Notice was provided to you directly by us. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy and indicate your voting choices directly to the individuals listed on
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the proxy card or to vote virtually at the Annual Meeting. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to these registered stockholders as “stockholders of record.”
Street Name Stockholders
If shares of our common stock are held on your behalf in a brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered to be the beneficial owner of shares that are held in “street name,” and the Notice was forwarded to you by your broker, bank or other nominee. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee as to how to vote your shares in the manner provided in the voting instructions you receive from your broker, bank or other nominee. If you request a printed copy of our proxy materials by mail, your broker, bank or other nominee will provide a voting instruction form for you to use. Street name stockholders are
also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, because a street name stockholder is not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares of our common stock virtually at the Annual Meeting unless you follow your broker, bank or other nominee’s procedures for obtaining a legal proxy. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to stockholders who hold their shares through a broker, bank or other nominee as “street name stockholders.”
Both stockholders of record and street name stockholders will be able to attend the Annual Meeting via live audio webcast, submit their questions during the meeting and vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting. For more information on how to attend the Annual Meeting, please see the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 5.
How many votes are needed for approval of each proposal?
PROPOSAL
VOTE NEEDED FOR APPROVAL AND EFFECT OF ABSTENTIONS AND BROKER NON-VOTES
(Proposal No. 1) The election of three Class I directors to serve until our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
Our amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”) provide for majority voting and our Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the related director resignation policy for our director nominees. Our Bylaws state that to be elected in an uncontested election, a nominee must receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee (i.e., the number of shares voted “For” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted “Against” for that nominee).

Abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, each nominee submits, in advance of their nomination, an irrevocable resignation that will become effective if (i) the nominee fails to receive the required vote at the Annual Meeting and (ii) the board of directors accepts the resignation. The nominating and corporate governance committee promptly considers whether to accept the resignation of any nominee who fails to receive the required number of votes for election and submits such recommendation for consideration by the board of directors. In deciding whether to accept or reject the resignation, the nominating and corporate governance committee and the board of directors will consider any factors they deem relevant. Any nominee who tenders his or her resignation pursuant to our Corporate Governance Guidelines may not participate in the nominating and corporate governance committee recommendation or board of directors action regarding whether to accept the resignation offer.

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PROPOSAL
VOTE NEEDED FOR APPROVAL AND EFFECT OF ABSTENTIONS AND BROKER NON-VOTES
(Proposal No. 2) The approval, on an advisory basis, of the Say-on-Pay.
The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon

Abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote “Against” the proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Because this proposal is an advisory vote, the result will not be binding on our board of directors or our company. Our board of directors and our compensation committee will consider the outcome of the vote when determining compensation decisions for our named executive officers.
(Proposal No. 3) Ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.
The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon.

Abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote “Against” the proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.
(Proposal No. 4) A stockholder proposal regarding an EEO policy risk report, if properly presented at the Annual Meeting.
The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon.

Abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote “Against” the proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.
What is a quorum?
A quorum is the minimum number of shares required to be present at the Annual Meeting to properly hold an annual meeting and conduct business under our Bylaws and Delaware law. The presence, virtually or by proxy, of a majority of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions, against votes and broker non-votes are counted as shares present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum.
How do I vote?
If you are a stockholder of record, there are four ways to vote:

By Internet at www.proxyvote.com, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on May 26, 2020 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website);

By toll-free telephone at 1-800-690-6903 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you call);

By completing and mailing your proxy card (if you received printed proxy materials) to be received prior to the Annual Meeting; or

By attending the virtual meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2020, where you may vote and submit questions during the Annual Meeting. Please have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website. For more information on how to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting, please see the section titled “Questions and Answers About the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting—What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?” on page 5.
If you are a street name stockholder, you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee. You must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee in order to direct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares. As discussed above, if you are a street name stockholder, you may not vote your shares live at the virtual Annual Meeting unless you obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee.
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What do I need to do to attend the Annual Meeting virtually?
Both stockholders of record and street name stockholders will be able to attend the Annual Meeting via live audio webcast, submit their questions during the meeting and vote their shares electronically at the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2020. To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the control number included on your Notice or proxy card.
The Annual Meeting live audio webcast will begin promptly at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Wednesday, May 27, 2020. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. Online check-in will begin at 9:45 a.m. Pacific Time, and you should allow ample time for the check-in procedures.
What if I have technical difficulties during the check-in time or during the Annual Meeting?
If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the login page at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2020. Please be sure to check in by 9:45 a.m. Pacific Time on May 27, 2020, the day of the Annual Meeting, so we may address any technical difficulties before the Annual Meeting live audio webcast begins.
Can I change my vote?
Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you can change your vote or revoke your proxy any time before the Annual Meeting by:

entering a new vote by Internet or by telephone;

completing and returning a later-dated proxy card;

notifying the Secretary of Twitter, Inc., in writing, at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103; or

attending and voting at the Annual Meeting (although attendance at the Annual Meeting will not, by itself, revoke a proxy).
If you are a street name stockholder, your broker, bank or other nominee can provide you with instructions on how to change your vote.
What is the effect of giving a proxy?
Proxies are solicited by and on behalf of our board of directors. Jack Dorsey (our Chief Executive Officer), Ned Segal (our Chief Financial Officer) and Sean Edgett (our General Counsel) have been designated as proxy holders by our board of directors. When proxies are properly dated, executed and returned, the shares represented by such proxies will be voted at the Annual
Meeting in accordance with the instructions of the stockholder. If no specific instructions are given, however, the shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors as described above. If any matters not described in this proxy statement are properly presented at the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will use their own judgment to determine how to vote the shares. If the Annual Meeting is adjourned, the proxy holders can vote the shares on the new Annual Meeting date as well, unless you have properly revoked your proxy instructions, as described above.
Why did I receive a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials instead of a full set of proxy materials?
In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we have elected to furnish our proxy materials, including this proxy statement and our annual report, primarily via the Internet. The Notice containing instructions on how to access our proxy materials is first being mailed on or about April 15, 2020 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.
Stockholders may request to receive all future proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by email by following the instructions contained in the Notice. We encourage stockholders to take advantage of the availability of our proxy materials on the Internet to help reduce the environmental impact and the costs of our annual meetings of stockholders.
How are proxies solicited for the Annual Meeting?
Our board of directors is soliciting proxies for use at the Annual Meeting. All expenses associated with this solicitation will be borne by us. We will reimburse brokers, banks and other nominees for reasonable expenses that they incur in sending our proxy materials to you if a broker, bank or other nominee holds shares of our common stock on your behalf. In addition, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Our directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies.
How may my brokerage firm or other intermediary vote my shares if I fail to provide timely directions?
Brokerage firms and other intermediaries holding shares of our common stock in street name for their customers are generally required to vote such shares in the manner directed by their customers. In the absence of timely directions, your broker, bank or other nominee will have discretion to vote your shares on our sole “routine” matter: the proposal to ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm. Your broker,

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bank or other nominee will not have discretion to vote on the election of directors, the advisory vote on Say-on-Pay or the stockholder proposal, which are “non-routine” matters, absent direction from you.
Where can I find the voting results of the Annual Meeting?
We will announce preliminary voting results at the Annual Meeting. We will also disclose voting results on a Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days after the Annual Meeting, we will file a Current Report on Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and will provide the final results in an amendment to the Current Report on Form 8-K as soon as they become available.
I share an address with another stockholder, and we received only one paper copy of the proxy materials. How may I obtain an additional copy of the proxy materials?
We have adopted an SEC approved procedure called “householding.” Under this procedure, we deliver a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials to multiple stockholders who share the same address unless we have received contrary instructions from one or more of such stockholders. This procedure reduces our printing costs, mailing costs, and fees. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to be able to access and receive separate proxy cards. Upon written or oral request, we will deliver promptly a separate copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials to any stockholder at a shared address to which we delivered a single copy of any of these materials. To receive a separate copy, or, if a stockholder is receiving multiple copies, to request that we only send a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials, such stockholder may contact us as follows:
Twitter, Inc.
Attention: Investor Relations
1355 Market Street, Suite 900
San Francisco, California 94103
Tel: (415) 222-9670
Street name stockholders may contact their broker, bank or other nominee to request information about householding.
What is the deadline to propose actions for consideration at next year’s annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate individuals to serve as directors?
Stockholder Proposals
Stockholders may present proper proposals for inclusion in our proxy statement and for consideration at next year’s annual meeting of stockholders by submitting their proposals in writing to our Secretary in a timely manner. For a stockholder proposal to be considered for inclusion in our proxy statement for our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Secretary must receive the written proposal at our principal executive offices not later than December 16, 2020. In addition, stockholder proposals must comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-8 regarding the inclusion of stockholder proposals in company-sponsored proxy materials. Stockholder proposals should be addressed to:
Twitter, Inc.
Attention: Secretary
1355 Market Street, Suite 900
San Francisco, California 94103
Our Bylaws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholders who wish to present a proposal before an annual meeting of stockholders but do not intend for the proposal to be included in our proxy statement. Our Bylaws provide that the only business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders is business that is (i) specified in our proxy materials with respect to such meeting, (ii) otherwise properly brought before such meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors, or (iii) properly brought before such meeting by a stockholder of record entitled to vote at the annual meeting who has delivered timely written notice to our Secretary, which notice must contain the information specified in our Bylaws. To be timely for our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Secretary must receive the written notice at our principal executive offices:

not earlier than January 30, 2021; and

not later than March 1, 2021.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE PROXY MATERIALS AND OUR ANNUAL MEETING
In the event that we hold our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after the one-year anniversary of the Annual Meeting, notice of a stockholder proposal that is not intended to be included in our proxy statement must be received no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders and no later than the close of business on the later of the following two dates:

the 90th day prior to our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders; or

the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of 2021 annual meeting of stockholders is first made.
If a stockholder who has notified us of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting does not appear to present his, her or its proposal at such annual meeting, we are not required to present the proposal for a vote at such annual meeting.
Recommendation or Nomination of Director Candidates
You may recommend director candidates for consideration by our nominating and corporate governance committee if you have held one percent (1%) of the fully diluted capitalization of the company for at least twelve (12) months prior to the date of the submission of the recommendation. Any such recommendations must comply with our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation, Bylaws and applicable laws, rules and regulations, should include the nominee’s name and qualifications for membership on our board of directors, and should be directed to our Secretary at the address set forth above. For additional information regarding stockholder recommendations for director candidates, see the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to the Board of Directors.”
In addition, our Bylaws permit stockholders to nominate directors for election at an annual meeting of stockholders. To nominate a director, the stockholder must provide the information required by our Bylaws. In addition, the stockholder must give timely notice to our Secretary in accordance with our Bylaws, which, in general, require that the notice be received by our Secretary within the time periods described above under “Stockholder Proposals” for stockholder proposals that are not intended to be included in a proxy statement.
Availability of Bylaws
A copy of our Bylaws is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. You may also contact our Secretary at the address set forth above for a copy of the relevant Bylaw provisions regarding the requirements for making stockholder proposals and nominating director candidates.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our business affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors, which is currently composed of ten members. All of our directors, other than Mr. Dorsey, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Kordestani, our Executive Chairman, are independent within the meaning of the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, each serving a staggered three-year term. At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors is elected for a three-year term to succeed the class whose term is then expiring.
The following table sets forth the names, ages as of March 31, 2020, and certain other information for each of the members of our board of directors with terms expiring at the Annual Meeting (who are also nominees for election as a director at the Annual Meeting) and for each of the continuing members of our board of directors. Evan Williams stepped down as a member of our board of directors effective February 28, 2019, and Debra Lee stepped down as a member of our board of directors effective August 31, 2019. Full biographical information is below.
CLASS
AGE
POSITION
DIRECTOR
SINCE
CURRENT
TERM
EXPIRES
EXPIRATION
OF TERM
FOR WHICH
NOMINATED
INDEPENDENT
AUDIT
COMMITTEE
COMP.
COMMITTEE
NOMINATING
AND
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
COMMITTEE
Directors with Terms expiring at the Annual Meeting/Nominees
Omid R. Kordestani
I
56
Executive Chairman
2015
2020
2023
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
I
65
Director
2018
2020
2023
X

 
 
Bret Taylor
I
39
Director
2016
2020
2023
X

Continuing Directors
Jesse Cohn(1)
II
39
Director
2020
2021
X
Jack Dorsey
III
43
Chief Executive Officer and Director
2007
2022
 
 
 
 
Egon Durban(2)
III
46
Director
2020
2022
X
Martha Lane Fox
II
46
Director
2016
2021
X

 

Patrick Pichette
III
57
Lead Independent Director
2017
2022
X


David Rosenblatt
II
52
Director
2010
2021
X
 


Robert Zoellick(3)
III
66
Director
2018
2022
X


(1)
Mr. Cohn joined the board of directors on April 7, 2020.
(2)
Mr. Durban joined the board of directors on March 12, 2020.
(3)
Mr. Zoellick joined the audit committee effective January 1, 2020.
Legend:   Chair |   Member |   Audit committee financial expert
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors Experience
Finance and Accounting
Technology Industry
Digital and Social Media
Operation of Global Organizations
Mergers and Acquisitions
Risk Management
Computer Science
Cybersecurity / Cyber Risk
Regulatory
Data Privacy
Information Quality
Machine Learning
Strategic Transformation
International Tax
Intellectual Property
Executive Leadership and Talent Development
Customer Perspective
Company Senior Leadership
Public Company Board Membership
Public Policy
Brand Marketing
Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees
Our board of directors follow an annual director nomination process that promotes thoughtful and in-depth review of our board and committee composition as well as each individual director throughout the year. Each year, at the beginning of the process, the nominating and corporate governance committee reviews current board and committee composition in context with the company’s strategy to confirm that the traits, attributes and qualifications are aligned with our long-term strategy and continue to promote effective board and committee performance. The outcome of the annual evaluations is used to inform director search priorities as applicable. Each year, the nominating and corporate governance committee reviews incumbent director nominees, evaluates any changes in circumstances that may impact their candidacy, and considers information from the board evaluation process. The nominating and corporate governance committee also identifies potential new director nominees, from time to time using a search firm that is paid a fee for its services, together with referrals and suggestions from board members and stockholders. The nominating and corporate governance committee interviews potential director nominees to explore their qualifications, as applicable (including, without limitation, issues of character, ethics, integrity, judgment, professional experience, independence, area of expertise, strategic vision, length of service, potential conflicts of interest, management, accounting and finance expertise, cybersecurity / cyber risk expertise, machine learning, risk management, talent development and other commitments), interest and availability for board service. Our board believes that our board of directors should be a diverse body. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines require our nominating and corporate governance committee to consider a broad range of backgrounds, experiences and diversity (in all aspects of that word). Our annual director nomination process is illustrated below.

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Nominees must also have the ability to offer advice and guidance to our management based on past experience in positions with a high degree of responsibility and be leaders in the companies or institutions with which they are affiliated. Nominees must understand the fiduciary responsibilities that are required of directors and have sufficient time available in the judgment of our nominating and corporate governance committee to perform all board of director and applicable committee responsibilities. Members of our board of directors are expected to prepare for, attend, and participate in all board of director and applicable committee meetings.
Other than the foregoing, there are no stated minimum criteria for director nominees, although our nominating and corporate governance committee may also consider such other factors as it may deem, from time to time, are in our and our stockholders’ best interests. Upon a recommendation from the nominating and corporate governance committee, the board of directors approves the nomination of director
nominees for election at the annual meeting of stockholders. As previously disclosed, our board of directors is engaged in a process of identifying a new independent director, focusing on candidates who reflect the diversity of the Twitter service, who also possess deep technology and AI expertise.
The experiences, qualifications and skills of each of the members of our board of directors with terms expiring at the Annual Meeting (who are also nominees for election as a director at the Annual Meeting) and for each of the continuing members of our board of directors that the board of directors considered in the nomination of such director are included below the directors’ individual biographies on the following pages. The board of directors concluded that each nominee should serve as a director based on the specific experience and attributes listed below and the direct personal knowledge of each nominee’s previous service on the board of directors, including the insight each nominee brings to the board of directors’ functions and deliberations.
Director Orientation and Education
All directors who join our board are required to participate in a “bootcamp” event following their appointment, typically before their first board of directors meeting, which is a robust program designed to provide directors with access to a variety of information and resources on key issues affecting our business. Newly appointed directors meet with members of senior management and select members of the board of directors in order to understand the business and operations of
the company, and are given an overview of, among other things, our key priorities and strategies, products, teams, financials, and key corporate governance and legal matters. Our bootcamp event is designed to bring our newly appointed directors up to speed quickly on important developments and issues in the context of our business and help them “hit the ground running” with their board of director and committee duties and responsibilities.
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Nominees for Director
OMID R. KORDESTANI
Executive Chairman of Twitter, Inc.
Director since 2015
Age 56
Committees: None
Omid R. Kordestani has served as the Executive Chairman of our board of directors since October 2015. From August 2014 to August 2015, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer at Google Inc., an internet search company (“Google”). From May 1999 to April 2009, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales and Business Development at Google. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Kordestani served as Vice President of Business Development at Netscape Communications Corporation. Prior to joining Netscape Communications Corporation, Mr. Kordestani held positions in business development, product management and marketing at The 3DO Company, Go Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company. Mr. Kordestani holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from San Jose State University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership, operational and organizational experience, corporate strategy experience and management experience as former Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer of Google.

First-hand experience in successfully leading and managing large, complex global sales, support and service organizations in the technology industry.
Other Public Company Board Service: None
NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA
Senior Advisor to Lazard, Ltd.
Director since 2018
Age 65
Committees: Audit Committee
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2018. Since September 2015, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala has served as a Senior Advisor to Lazard, Ltd., a global financial advisory and asset management firm. Prior to joining Lazard, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala served as the Minister of Finance of Nigeria from July 2003 until June 2006 and as the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria from August 2011 until May 2015. From 1982 until 2003 and then from December 2007 until August 2011, she held several positions at the World Bank, most recently as Managing Director from December 2007 until August 2011. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala holds an A.B. from Harvard University and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Skills and Expertise:

Over 30 years of experience in international finance and development.

Finance and accounting experience as a Senior Advisor to Lazard Ltd.

Government experience as the former Minister of Finance of Nigeria.

Global business leadership and operational experience as a former Managing Director at the World Bank.
Other Public Company Board Service: Standard Chartered plc, a multinational banking and financial services company (November 2017 – Present)

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BRET TAYLOR
President and Chief Operating Officer of
salesforce.com, inc.
Director since 2016
Age 39
Committees: Compensation Committee
Bret Taylor has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2016. Since December 2019, Mr. Taylor has served as the President and Chief Operating Officer of salesforce.com, inc., a customer relationship management company (“Salesforce”). Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Taylor was President and Chief Product Officer since November 2017. From September 2012 to November 2017, Mr. Taylor served as the Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Quip, Inc., a productivity software company (acquired by Salesforce). From August 2009 to July 2012, Mr. Taylor served as Chief Technology Officer of Facebook, Inc. From October 2007 to August 2009, Mr. Taylor served as the Chief Executive Officer of FriendFeed, Inc., a social network. From June 2007 to September 2007, Mr. Taylor served as an entrepreneur-in-residence at Benchmark, a venture capital firm, where he co-founded FriendFeed, Inc. Prior to June 2007, Mr. Taylor served as Group Product Manager at Google, where he co-created Google Maps and the Google Maps API. Mr. Taylor holds a B.S. and a Master’s Degree in Computer Science from Stanford University.
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership, operational experience, and experience developing technology as President and Chief Operating Officer, and former Chief Product Officer, of Salesforce.

In-depth knowledge of the technology sector.

Extensive knowledge of our technologies and product offerings.

Offers us a unique perspective with respect to building and managing a global brand in rapidly-changing industries.

Outside board experience as a director of a large, complex global public company.
Other Public Company Board Service: Axon Enterprise, Inc. (f/k/a TASER International, Inc.), a protection technologies company (June 2014 – June 2019)
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Continuing Directors
JESSE COHN
Equity Partner, Senior Portfolio Manager,
Head of U.S. Equity Activism and member
of Management Committee at Elliott
Management Corporation
Director since 2020
Age 39
Committees: None
Jesse Cohn has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2020. Mr. Cohn currently serves as an Equity Partner, Senior Portfolio Manager, the Head of U.S. Equity Activism and a member of the Management Committee at Elliott Management Corporation, an investment firm, which he joined in 2004. Previously Mr. Cohn was an Analyst in the mergers and acquisitions group at Morgan Stanley, a multinational investment bank and financial services company. Mr. Cohn has served as a director of several public companies, as described below, and several private companies, including, among others, Athenahealth, Inc., a leading provider of cloud-based software and services for healthcare providers (since February 2019), Gigamon Inc., a provider of network visibility and analytics (since December 2017), and Quest Software Inc., a software company (since October 2016). Mr. Cohn holds B.S. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business, from which he graduated summa cum laude.
Skills and Expertise:

In-depth knowledge of the technology sector.

Finance and corporate governance expertise.

Outside board experience as a director of several large, complex global public companies, as well as several private companies.
Other Public Company Board Service: eBay Inc., a global e-commerce company (March 2019 – Present); Citrix Systems, Inc., an enterprise software company (July 2015 – Present); and LogMeIn, Inc., a provider of software as a service and cloud-based remote connectivity services for collaboration, IT management and customer engagement (January 2017 – May 2018)
JACK DORSEY
Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of
Twitter, Inc. and Square, Inc.
Director since 2007
Age 43
Committees: None
Jack Dorsey is one of our founders and has served as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2015 and as a member of our board of directors since May 2007. Mr. Dorsey served as our interim Chief Executive Officer from July 2015 to September 2015 and as our President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2007 to October 2008. Mr. Dorsey served as the Chairperson of our board of directors from October 2008 to September 2015. Since February 2009, Mr. Dorsey has served as Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Square, Inc., a provider of payment processing services (“Square”).
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership, operational experience, and experience developing technology as co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Twitter and Square.

In-depth knowledge of the technology sector and experience in developing transformative business models.

Unmatched familiarity with and knowledge of our technologies and product offerings.

Offers us a unique perspective with respect to building and managing a global brand in rapidly-changing industries.

Outside board experience as a director of large, complex global public companies.
Other Public Company Board Service: The Walt Disney Company, a multinational media and entertainment company (December 2013 – March 2018) and Square (February 2009 – Present)

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EGON DURBAN
Co-CEO of Silver Lake
Director since 2020
Age 46
Committees: None
Egon Durban has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2020. Mr. Durban is Co-CEO of Silver Lake, a global private investment firm. Mr. Durban joined Silver Lake in 1999 as a founding principal. He is also Chairman of the Board of Endeavor and serves on the boards of directors of City Football Group, Learfield IMG College, UFC, Unity Technologies, Verily Life Sciences LLC, Waymo LLC and several public companies, as described below. Previously, Mr. Durban served on the board of directors and was the Chairman of the operating committee of Skype, served on the supervisory board and operating committee of NXP, and served on the board of directors of MultiPlan. Mr. Durban currently serves on the Business Council and Business Roundtable. Prior to Silver Lake, Mr. Durban worked in Morgan Stanley’s investment banking division. Mr. Durban holds a B.S.B.A. in Finance from Georgetown University.
Skills and Expertise:

In-depth knowledge of the technology sector.

Finance and accounting expertise.

Outside board experience as a director of several large, complex global public companies, as well as several private companies.
Other Public Company Board Service: VMware, Inc., a software company (September 2016 – Present); SecureWorks Corp., a provider of information security solutions (December 2015 – Present); Motorola Solutions, Inc., a telecommunications company (August 2015 – Present); Dell Technologies, Inc., a provider of information technology products and services (October 2013 − Present), Pivotal Software, Inc., a software company (September 2016 − December 2019), Intelsat S.A., a telecommunications company (December 2011 – December 2016); and Intelsat Investments S.A., a telecommunications company (December 2009 – December 2016)
MARTHA LANE FOX
Founder and Chairperson of
Lucky Voice Group Ltd.
Former Co-Founder and
Managing Director of lastminute.com
Crossbench Peer in House of Lords
Director since 2016
Age 46
Committees: Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Martha Lane Fox has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2016. Since August 2005, Ms. Lane Fox has served as the Founder and Chairperson of Lucky Voice Group Ltd., a private karaoke company. From September 2012 to December 2016, Ms. Lane Fox served as the Chairperson of MakieWorld Ltd., a 3D printing and game company. From 1998 to 2003, Ms. Lane Fox was the Co-Founder and Managing Director of lastminute.com, a travel and leisure website, and remained on the board of directors until 2005. Since December 2017, Ms. Lane Fox has served as a member of the Joint Committee for National Security Strategy. Since May 2018, Ms. Lane Fox has served as a director of Chanel S.A. Since March 2013, Ms. Lane Fox has served as a crossbench peer in the United Kingdom House of Lords.
Since September 2015, Ms. Lane Fox has served as the founder and chair of doteveryone.org.uk, an organization advancing the understanding and use of Internet enabled technologies, and in September 2014 was appointed Chancellor of Open University. Ms. Lane Fox has also served on various private company boards. Ms. Lane Fox holds a B.A. in Ancient History and Modern History from University of Oxford.
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership, operational experience, and management experience as former Co-Founder and Managing Director of lastminute.com.

Outside board experience as a director of a large, complex global public company, as well as several private companies.

Valuable experience in technology and consumer industries.

Government insights as crossbench peer in the United Kingdom House of Lords.
Other Public Company Board Service: Marks and Spencer plc, a multinational retailer (July 2007 – April 2015)
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PATRICK PICHETTE
General Partner at Inovia Capital
Former Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer of Google
Director since 2017
Age 57
Committees: Audit Committee (Chair) and Compensation Committee
Patrick Pichette has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2017. Since April 2018, Mr. Pichette has served as a general partner at Inovia Capital, a Canadian venture capital firm. From August 2008 until May 2015, Mr. Pichette served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Google. From January 2001 until July 2008, Mr. Pichette served as an executive officer of Bell Canada Enterprises Inc., a telecommunications company, including, in his last position, as President, Operations for Bell Canada, and previously as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Executive Vice President of Planning and Performance Management. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Pichette was a principal at McKinsey & Company, a management consulting firm. From 1994 to 1996, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Call-Net Enterprises Inc., a Canadian telecommunications company. Mr. Pichette holds a M.A. in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from Oxford University and a B.A. in Business Administration from Université du Québec à Montréal.
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership and extensive financial and management expertise as former Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Google.

Financial expertise and significant audit and financial reporting knowledge.

Outside board experience as a director of a large, complex global public company.
Other Public Company Board Service: Lightspeed POS Inc., a provider of e-commerce and point of sale solutions (September 2018 – Present); Bombardier Inc., a manufacturer of airplanes and trains (October 2013 – November 2017)
DAVID ROSENBLATT
Chief Executive Officer of 1stdibs.com, Inc.
Director since 2010
Age 52
Committees: Compensation Committee (Chair) and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (Chair)
David Rosenblatt has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2010. Since November 2011, Mr. Rosenblatt has served as Chief Executive Officer of 1stdibs.com, Inc., an online luxury marketplace. From October 2008 to May 2009, Mr. Rosenblatt served as President of Global Display Advertising at Google. Mr. Rosenblatt joined Google in March 2008 in connection with Google’s acquisition of DoubleClick, Inc., a provider of digital marketing technology and services. Mr. Rosenblatt joined DoubleClick in 1997 as part of its initial management team and served in several executive positions during his tenure, including as Chief Executive Officer from July 2005 to March 2008 and President from 2000 to July 2005. Mr. Rosenblatt holds a B.A. in East Asian Studies from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.
Skills and Expertise:

Global business leadership and extensive financial and management expertise as Chief Executive Officer of 1stdibs.com, Inc.

Offers us a unique perspective with respect to building and managing a global brand in rapidly-changing industries.

Outside board experience as a director of a large, complex global public company, as well as several private companies, which provides us with important perspectives in an evaluation of our practices and processes.
Other Public Company Board Service: IAC/ InterActiveCorp, a media and internet company (December 2008 – Present)

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ROBERT ZOELLICK
Former President of the World Bank Group
Director since 2018
Age 66
Committees: Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Robert Zoellick has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2018. From May 2017 to April 2019, Mr. Zoellick served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Holding L.P., a global investment management firm (“AllianceBernstein”). Since August 2013, Mr. Zoellick has served as a board member of Temasek Holdings (Private) Ltd., a Singaporean corporation principally engaged in the business of investment holding. Since May 2017, he has served as a Senior Counselor to the Brunswick Group, a global public affairs and communications firm. Since July 2012, he has also been a Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.
From October 2013 until September 2016, Mr. Zoellick served as Chairman of the Board of International Advisors at the Goldman Sachs Group. From July 2007 until June 2012, he served as President of the World Bank Group. From 2006 to 2007, he served as Vice Chairman, International and a managing director of Goldman Sachs. Mr. Zoellick served as the Deputy Secretary for the U.S. Department of State from 2005 until 2006 and as the U.S. Trade Representative from 2001 to 2005. From 1985 to 1993, Mr. Zoellick held various posts in the U.S. government, including Counselor to the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Under Secretary of State, and Deputy Chief of Staff at the White House. Mr. Zoellick holds a B.A. from Swarthmore College, a J.D. from the Harvard Law School and an M.P.P. from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.
Skills and Expertise:

Finance and accounting experience as Chairman of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein, various positions at Goldman Sachs, and as President of the World Bank Group.

Government and public policy experience from several positions in the U.S. Government, as a Senior Fellow at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and as a Senior Counselor to the Brunswick Group.

Global business leadership and operational experience as President of the World Bank Group.

Outside board experience as a director of large, complex global public companies.
Other Public Company Board Service: AllianceBernstein (May 2017 – April 2019) and Laureate Education, Inc., a network of for-profit higher institutions (December 2013 – December 2017)
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Director Independence
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE. Under the listing standards of the NYSE, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors. In addition, the listing standards of the NYSE require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the listing standards of the NYSE, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that listed company’s board of directors, that director has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company) and such director does not have specified relationships with the company.
In addition, audit committee members must satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the listing standards of the NYSE. Compensation committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act and the listing standards of the NYSE.
Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of our directors. Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our board of directors has determined that Ms. Lane Fox and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala, and Messrs. Cohn, Durban, Pichette, Rosenblatt, Taylor and Zoellick are “independent” as that term is defined under the listing standards of the NYSE. As discussed below, all members of our audit and compensation committees also satisfy the heightened independence standards applicable to those committees. In the case of Mr. Williams and Ms. Lee, former members of our board of directors who served as directors in 2019, Mr. Williams, one of our co-founders, had been independent since 2015, and Ms. Lee was independent during the time she served on our board of directors. In making these determinations, our board of directors considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including in assessing the materiality of a director’s relationship with the company, considering the issue from the standpoint of the organizations with which the director has an affiliation, and the transactions involving them described in the section titled “Related Person Transactions.”
Agreements with Silver Lake and Elliott Management
On March 9, 2020, we entered into separate agreements (collectively, the “Agreements”) with funds affiliated with Silver Lake (collectively, “Silver Lake”) and Elliott Management Corporation (collectively, “Elliott”). The Agreements include provisions regarding various matters agreed amongst the parties thereto including, but not limited to, the appointment of directors, procedures for determining replacements for the newly appointed directors, voting commitments, “standstills” restricting certain conduct and activities during the periods specified in each Agreement, non-disparagement, restrictions on comments or influence regarding any Twitter policies or rules, or policy or rule enforcement decisions, and other items that are addressed separately in each Agreement. A description of the Agreements and copies thereof are included in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020.
Pursuant to the Agreements, Egon Durban was appointed to our board of directors on March 12, 2020 and Jesse Cohn was appointed to our board of directors on April 7, 2020. As previously disclosed, our board of directors is also engaged in a process of identifying a new independent director, focusing on candidates who reflect the diversity of the Twitter service, who also possess deep technology and AI expertise.
Management Structure Committee
In March 2020, in connection with the Agreements, our board of directors formed an independent, five-person committee, the management structure committee, that will build on the board of directors’ regular evaluation of our leadership structure. Messrs. Cohn, Durban, and Pichette serve as the members of the management structure committee, with Mr. Pichette serving as Chairperson. Pursuant to the Agreements, two additional independent directors will be added to the management structure committee. The management structure committee will also, among other things, evaluate the Chief Executive Officer succession plan with our Chief Executive Officer and make recommendations with respect to the Company’s staggered board. The management structure committee is expected to report on its evaluation to the full board of directors any considerations or recommended changes and will conclude its work and share the results publicly before the end of the year.

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Board Leadership Structure and Role of Our Lead Independent Director
We believe that the structure of our board of directors and its committees provides strong overall management of our company.
Separate Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Roles. We have maintained separate Executive Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer roles since October 2015. We treat these positions as separate, with the distinct responsibilities of each role detailed below.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
 Provide guidance, advice and mentorship to the Chief
Executive Officer and other executive officers.
 Involvement in key corporate matters, such as recruiting, major transactions, and broader business, customer and
government relationships.
 Monitor the content, quality and timeliness of information
sent to our board of directors.
 Preside over, set agenda for and chair board meetings.
Coordinate with chairs of board of directors committees.
 Assist the nominating and corporate governance committee with (i) the board of director’s annual evaluation and self-assessment and (ii) board of directors composition and evolution planning, including review of committee memberships.
 Develop, set and drive the strategic direction, imperatives
and priorities of our company.
 Oversee the general management and operation of our
company.
 Oversee the attainment of our strategic, operational and
financial goals and strategic and operational planning.
 Responsible for the guidance, development and oversight
of senior management.
 Chief spokesperson to our employees, people on Twitter, partners and stockholders.
Lead Independent Director. Each of the directors, other than Messrs. Dorsey and Kordestani, are independent. The board of directors believes that the independent directors provide effective oversight of management. In addition, our independent directors have appointed Mr. Pichette as our Lead Independent Director, a position he has held since December 31, 2018. The responsibilities of our Lead Independent Director are detailed below.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF LEAD INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
 Preside over meetings of our independent directors.
 Approve information to be sent to our board of directors if requested to do so by our board of directors.
 Advise the Executive Chairman as to the quality, quantity, and timeliness of the flow of information from management that is
necessary for the independent directors to perform their duties effectively and responsibly.
 Approve proposed meeting agendas and schedules.
 Call meetings of our board of directors or independent directors.
 Act as the principal liaison between the independent directors and the Executive Chairman on sensitive issues.
 Additional duties as our board of directors may otherwise determine and delegate to assist the board of directors in the fulfillment of its responsibilities.
We believe this structure of a separate Executive Chairman of our board of directors and Chief Executive Officer, combined with a Lead Independent Director, enables each person to focus on different aspects of company leadership and reinforces the independence of our board of directors as a whole. We believe this structure also results in an effective balancing of responsibilities, experience and independent perspective that meets the current business strategy and corporate governance needs and oversight responsibilities of our board of directors.
Board Meetings and Committees
We have an active and engaged board of directors that is committed to fulfilling its fiduciary duty to act in good faith in the best interests of our company and all of our stockholders. During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, our board of directors held five meetings (including regularly scheduled and special meetings) and acted by written/electronic consent six times, and each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of our board of directors
held during the period for which he or she has been a director and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of our board of directors on which he or she served during the periods that he or she served.
Although we do not have a formal policy regarding attendance by members of our board of directors at annual meetings of stockholders, we encourage, but do not require, our directors to attend. Four directors attended our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders.
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Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our board of directors is described below. Members will serve on these committees until their resignation or until as otherwise determined by our board of directors.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
Our audit committee consists of Messrs. Pichette and Zoellick, Ms. Lane Fox and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala, with Mr. Pichette serving as Chairperson. Mr. Zoellick was appointed to the audit committee effective January 1, 2020. Each of our audit committee members meets the requirements for independence for audit committee members under the listing standards of the NYSE and SEC rules and regulations, and the financial literacy requirements of the listing standards of the NYSE. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Mr. Pichette is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). Among other responsibilities, our audit committee:

selects a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements;

helps to ensure the independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm;

discusses the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviews, with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, our interim and year-end operating results;

establishes and oversees procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters;

reviews our policies on risk assessment and risk management;

reviews related person transactions; and

approves or, as required, pre-approves, all audit and all permissible non-audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.
Our audit committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our audit committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2019, our audit committee held five meetings and acted by written/electronic consent three times.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
Our compensation committee consists of Messrs. Rosenblatt, Pichette and Taylor, with Mr. Rosenblatt serving as Chairperson. Each of our compensation committee members meets the requirements for independence for compensation committee members under the listing standards of the NYSE and SEC rules and regulations. Each member of our compensation committee is also a non-employee director under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.
Among other responsibilities, our compensation committee:
reviews, approves and determines, or makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding, the compensation of our executive officers;
administers our equity compensation plans;
reviews and approves and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding incentive compensation and equity compensation plans; and
establishes and reviews general policies relating to compensation and benefits of our employees.
Our compensation committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our compensation committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2019, our compensation committee held five meetings and acted by written/electronic consent six times.
NOMINATING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE
Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Messrs. Rosenblatt and Zoellick and Ms. Lane Fox, with Mr. Rosenblatt serving as Chairperson. Mr. Zoellick was appointed to the nominating and corporate governance committee effective September 12, 2019 replacing Ms. Lee who resigned therefrom effective August 31, 2019. Each of our nominating and corporate governance committee members meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of the NYSE rules.
Among other responsibilities, our nominating and corporate governance committee:
identifies, evaluates and selects, or makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding, nominees for election to our board of directors and its committees;
conducts periodic reviews of the company’s succession planning process for the company’s executive management team, reporting its findings and recommendations to the board of directors, and assists the board of directors in evaluating potential successors to the company’s executive management team;
evaluates the performance of our board of directors and of individual directors;

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
considers and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding the composition of our board of directors and its committees;
reviews developments in corporate governance practices;
evaluates our initiatives in sustainability, corporate responsibility and charitable contributions;
evaluates the adequacy of our corporate governance practices and reporting; and
develops and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding corporate governance guidelines and matters.
Our nominating and corporate governance committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable listing standards of the NYSE. A copy of the charter of our nominating and corporate governance committee is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. During fiscal 2019, our nominating and corporate governance committee held three meetings.
MAJORITY VOTING WITH DIRECTOR RESIGNATION POLICY
Our Bylaws provide for majority voting and our Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the related director resignation policy for our director nominees. Our Bylaws state that to be elected in an uncontested election, a nominee must receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee (i.e., the number of shares voted “For” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted “Against” for that nominee). Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, each nominee submits, in advance of their nomination, an irrevocable resignation that will become effective if (i) the nominee fails to receive the required vote at the Annual Meeting and (ii) the board of directors accepts the resignation. The nominating and corporate governance committee promptly considers whether to accept the resignation of any nominee who fails to receive the required number of votes for election and submits such recommendation for consideration by the board of directors. In deciding whether to accept or reject the resignation, the nominating and corporate governance committee and the board of directors will consider any factors they deem relevant. Any nominee who tenders his or her resignation pursuant to our Corporate Governance Guidelines may not participate in the nominating and corporate governance committee recommendation or board of directors action regarding whether to accept the resignation offer.
Through this policy, the board of directors seeks to be accountable to all stockholders and respects the rights of stockholders to express their views through their votes for nominees. However, the board of directors also deems it important to preserve sufficient flexibility to make sound evaluations based on the relevant circumstances in the event a nominee fails to receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee. For example, the board of directors may wish to assess whether the sudden resignation of one or more directors would materially impair the effective
functioning of the board of directors. The board of directors’ policy is intended to allow the board of directors to react to situations that could arise if the resignation of multiple directors would prevent a key committee from achieving a quorum or if a resignation would otherwise impair the functioning of the committee. The policy also would allow the board of directors to assess whether a director was targeted for reasons unrelated to his or her performance as a director at the company. The policy requires that our nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors act promptly to consider a director nominee’s resignation.
Full details of our majority voting with director resignation policy for nominees are set forth in our Bylaws and our Corporate Governance Guidelines, available at https://investor.twitterinc.com.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at the end of the applicable notice period set forth in Section 2.4 of Article II of our Bylaws (e.g., a contested election) the majority voting with director resignation policy shall not apply and instead nominees shall be elected by a plurality vote of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at an annual meeting and entitled to vote thereon. A plurality vote means that the nominees who receive the highest number of votes cast “For” are elected as directors. In such an election you may vote “For” or “Withhold” on each of the nominees for election as a director. Abstentions would have no effect on the outcome of this type of election. Broker non-votes would have no effect on the outcome of this type of election.
BOARD AND COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS
Our board of directors and each of its committees conduct annual self-evaluations to determine whether they are functioning effectively and whether any changes are necessary to improve their performance. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for establishing the evaluation criteria and implementing the process for the evaluation. Every year we conduct interviews of each director to obtain his or her assessment of the effectiveness of the board of directors and the committees, individual director performance and board of directors’ dynamics. The Executive Chairman and our Chief Legal Officer then report the results of these interviews at meetings of the nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors, where the results are discussed. In addition, the chair of each committee guides an annual committee self-evaluation discussion among the committee members. The results of the committee self-evaluations are also reported to our board of directors for review and discussion.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of our compensation committee during the last fiscal year is or has been an officer or employee of our company or had any relationship requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K, under the Securities Act. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past fiscal year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving on our compensation committee. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past fiscal year has served, as a member of the compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving on our board of directors.
Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to the Board of Directors
Our nominating and corporate governance committee will consider candidates for director recommended by stockholders holding at least one percent (1%) of the fully diluted capitalization of the company continuously for at least twelve (12) months prior to the date of the submission of the recommendation, so long as such recommendations comply with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, Bylaws and applicable laws, rules and regulations, including those promulgated by the SEC. Our nominating and corporate governance committee will evaluate such recommendations in accordance with its charter, our Bylaws, our policies and procedures for director nominees, as well as the regular director nominee criteria described above. This process is designed to ensure that our board of directors includes members with diverse backgrounds, skills and experience, including appropriate financial and other expertise relevant to our business.
Eligible stockholders wishing to recommend a candidate for nomination should contact our General Counsel in writing at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103. Such recommendations must include information about the candidate, a statement of support by the recommending stockholder, evidence of the recommending stockholder’s ownership of our common stock and a signed letter from the candidate confirming willingness to serve on our board of directors. Our nominating and corporate governance committee has discretion to decide which individuals to recommend for nomination as directors.
Under our Bylaws, stockholders may also nominate persons for our board of directors. Any nomination must comply with the requirements set forth in our Bylaws and should be sent in writing to our Secretary at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street,
Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103. To be timely for our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Secretary must receive the nomination no earlier than January 30, 2021 and no later than March 1, 2021.
Communications with the Board of Directors
Interested parties wishing to communicate with our board of directors or with an individual member or members of our board of directors may do so by writing to our board of directors or to the particular member or members of our board of directors, as applicable, and mailing the correspondence to our General Counsel at Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103.
Each communication should set forth (i) the name and address of the stockholder, as it appears in our records, and if the shares of our common stock are held by a nominee, the name and address of the beneficial owner of such shares, and (ii) the number of shares of our common stock that are owned of record by the record holder and beneficially by the beneficial owner.
Our General Counsel, in consultation with appropriate members of our board of directors as necessary, will review all incoming communications and, if appropriate, such communications will be forwarded to the appropriate member or members of our board of directors, or if none is specified, to the Executive Chairman of our board of directors.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Corporate Governance Overview
We are committed to good corporate governance, which promotes the long-term interests of our stockholders and strengthens our board of directors and management accountability and helps build public trust in Twitter.
We provide a Governance Resources page on our Investor Relations website (available at: https://investor.twitterinc.com /corporate-governance/governance-resources), which includes information regarding our commitment to corporate responsibility and sustainability. We also publish our Twitter Transparency Report on a biannual basis (available at: https://transparency.twitter.com), which includes detailed information and highlights trends regarding topics including Twitter Rules enforcement, platform manipulation, and legal requests. In 2019, we also launched our Twitter Privacy Center (available at: https://privacy.twitter.com) to provide more clarity around what we are doing to protect the information people share with us.
We regularly monitor developments in the area of corporate governance and review our processes and procedures in light of such developments. As part of those efforts, we review federal laws affecting corporate governance, as well as rules adopted by the SEC and the NYSE and we consider industry best practices for corporate governance. We believe that we have in place corporate governance procedures and practices that are designed to enhance our stockholders’ interests.
Corporate Governance Strengths
Highlights of our corporate governance practices include the following:
80% of directors are independent
Separate CEO and Executive Chairman
Lead Independent Director
Majority voting with director resignation policy for election of directors
Compensation recovery (clawback) policy for cash-based incentive or performance-based equity compensation in the event of a financial restatement
Thoughtful board refreshment process
100% independent committee members
Succession planning process
Strict anti-hedging, anti-short sale and anti-pledging policies
Robust Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines
Director participation in orientation and continuing education
Annual board of director and committee self-evaluations
Expansive stockholder outreach program
Periodic reviews of committee charters, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines
Robust director nominee selection process
Risk oversight by full board and committees
Annual Say-on-Pay vote
Performance-based equity incentives

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
STOCKHOLDER OUTREACH

We believe that effective corporate governance should include regular, constructive conversations with our stockholders. Certain members of our board and members of our executive team have engaged with stockholders directly throughout the year. Our board has also directed our management team to seek and encourage feedback from stockholders about our corporate governance practices by conducting additional stockholder outreach and engagement throughout the year. During the past fiscal year, our management team reached out to our top institutional investors collectively holding approximately 42% of our shares outstanding and met with institutional investors holding approximately 28% of our shares outstanding to discuss our corporate governance and executive compensation programs and to answer questions and elicit feedback. These engagement efforts with our stockholders allowed us to better understand our stockholders’ priorities and perspectives, and provided us with useful input concerning our compensation and corporate governance practices, including health and safety, risk management and human capital management.
While we do not expect that we will be able to address all of our stockholders’ feedback, we seek to optimize our corporate governance by continually refining our relevant policies, procedures and practices to align the needs of the company with evolving regulations and best practices, issues raised by our stockholders, and otherwise as circumstances warrant. We believe that our actions advanced our compensation practices and governance in a manner responsive to the input we received from our stockholders and in a manner appropriate for our company. We will continue to review our compensation and governance practices and engage in significant dialogue with our stockholders going forward.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our board of directors has adopted our Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as:
director qualifications;
director independence;
director responsibilities;
executive sessions and leadership roles;
conflicts of interest;
board of directors committees;
director access to management and advisors;
director compensation;
director orientation training and continuing education;
leadership development and succession planning;
CEO evaluation;
stockholder communications with the board of directors; and
performance evaluation of the board of directors and its committees.
In addition, our board of directors has adopted our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and other executive and senior financial officers, that addresses items such as:
our core values;
corporate opportunities;
fair dealing;
compliance with laws and policies;
confidentiality;
financial integrity and responsibility;
protection and use of assets and intellectual property;
public communications and financial reporting;
reporting violations of law and policies;
accountability; and
no retaliation.
The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on the Corporate Governance portion of our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com. We will post any amendments to our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and any waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors and executive officers on the same website.
Risk Management
Risk is inherent with every business, and we face a number of risks, including strategic, financial, business and operational, legal and compliance, and reputational. We have designed and implemented processes to manage such risks. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the company faces, while our board of directors, as a whole and assisted by its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, our board of directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are appropriate and functioning as designed.
Our board of directors believes that open communication between management and our board of directors is essential for effective risk management and oversight. Our board of directors meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other members of the senior management team at quarterly meetings of our board of directors, where, among other topics, they discuss strategy and risks facing the company, as well at such other times as they deemed appropriate. Oversight of human capital management is an important role of our board of directors. Management updates our board of directors at least annually on our human capital management initiatives and progress. We publish a quarterly Inclusion and Diversity Report (available at: https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/Inclusion
-and-Diversity-Report-March-2020.html) through which we communicate how we foster important conversations on our service, create programs that build a culture of inclusion, and partner with organizations that are focused on building more diverse workplaces across the broader tech industry. In addition, cybersecurity is a critical part of risk management at Twitter. Management regularly engages with our full board of directors and our audit committee on Twitter’s information security program and its related priorities and controls.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
While our board of directors is ultimately responsible for risk oversight, our board committees assist our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in certain areas of risk, as summarized below. In addition, our full board of directors reviews strategic and operational risk in the context of reports from the management team, receives reports on all significant committee activities at each regular meeting, and evaluates the risks inherent in significant transactions.
BOARD/COMMITTEE
PRIMARY AREAS OF RISK OVERSIGHT
Full Board of Directors
Strategic, financial, business and operational, legal and compliance, and reputational risks and exposures associated with our business strategy, cybersecurity, privacy, safety of people on Twitter, product innovation and product road map, policy matters, significant litigation and regulatory exposures, significant transactions and other current matters that may present material risk to our financial performance, operations, infrastructure, plans, prospects or reputation, acquisitions and divestitures.
Audit Committee
Risks and exposures associated with financial matters, particularly financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, legal and regulatory compliance, financial risk exposures, cybersecurity, cyber risk, liquidity risk, tax, accounting, disclosure, internal control over financial reporting, investment guidelines and credit matters, our programs and policies relating to legal compliance and strategy, and our operational infrastructure, particularly reliability, business continuity and capacity.

Discussions with management and the independent auditor, guidelines and policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management.

Receives regular reports from management on key cybersecurity, cyber risks and related issues, including secure processing, storage, and transmission of personal and confidential information, such as the personally identifiable information of people on Twitter.
Compensation Committee
Risks and exposures associated with leadership assessment, executive compensation programs and arrangements, including overall incentive and equity plans.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Risks and exposures associated with board organization, membership and structure, succession planning, corporate governance and overall board effectiveness.
Management Succession Planning
Our board of directors believes that the directors and the Chief Executive Officer should collaborate on succession planning and that the entire board should be involved in the critical aspects of the succession planning process, including establishing selection criteria that reflect our business strategies, identifying and evaluating potential internal candidates, reviewing the company’s leadership pipeline and talent strategies, and making management succession decisions. Management succession is discussed at least annually in board of directors meetings and in executive sessions of the board of directors.
The nominating and corporate governance committee has the primary responsibility to develop succession plans for the company’s management team, which it then presents and makes
recommendations on to the full board of directors. Our board of directors’ and our nominating and corporate governance committee’s involvement in our annual succession planning process is outlined in our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the charter of our nominating and corporate governance committee available at https://investor.twitterinc.com.
Directors become familiar with potential successors for management positions through various means, including board dinners, presentations and informal meetings.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
KEY OFFICER SUCCESSION PLANNING
In light of the critical importance of executive leadership to our success, we have a succession planning process. This process is focused on key leaders, including our Chief Executive Officer. Periodically, the full board of directors reviews these succession plans and any findings and recommendations as to succession in the event of each key officer’s termination of employment for any reason (including death or disability).
CEO SUCCESSION PLANNING
Our Chief Executive Officer provides an annual review to the board of directors assessing our key officers. This review includes a discussion about development plans for the company’s key officers to help prepare them for future succession, contingency plans and our Chief Executive Officer’s recommendation as to his successor. In 2020, our management structure committee will also evaluate the Chief Executive Officer succession plan with our Chief Executive Officer as part of the committee’s duties.
Director Compensation
In December 2013, our board of directors, upon the recommendation of our compensation committee, adopted our Outside Director Compensation Policy for the compensation of our non-employee directors.
The Outside Director Compensation Policy was developed in consultation with Compensia, Inc., an independent compensation consulting firm (“Compensia”). Compensia provided recommendations and competitive non-employee director compensation data and analyses. Our compensation committee considered and discussed these recommendations and data, and considered the specific duties and committee responsibilities of particular directors. Our compensation committee recommended and our board of directors adopted Compensia’s recommendations when it approved our non-employee director compensation program, which we believe provides our non-employee directors with reasonable and appropriate compensation that is commensurate with the services they provide and competitive with compensation paid by our peers to their non-employee directors.
The compensation committee periodically reviews the type and form of compensation paid to our non-employee directors, which includes a market assessment and analysis by Compensia. As part of this analysis, Compensia reviews non-employee director compensation trends and data from companies comprising the same executive compensation peer group used by the compensation committee in connection with its review of executive compensation.
Our non-employee directors receive equity compensation under the terms of our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and cash, as described below. The 2013 Plan contains maximum limits on the size of the equity awards that can be granted to each of our non-employee directors in any fiscal year, but those maximum limits do not reflect the intended size
of any potential grants or a commitment to make any equity award grants to our non-employee directors in the future. These maximum limits under our 2013 Plan provide that no non-employee director may be granted, in any fiscal year, (i) cash-settled awards having a grant date fair value greater than $4,000,000, but that in the fiscal year that a non-employee director first joins our board of directors, he or she may be granted a cash-settled award with a grant date fair value of up to $8,000,000; and (ii) stock-settled awards having a grant date fair value greater than $4,000,000, but that in the fiscal year that an outside director first joins our board of directors, he or she may be granted stock-settled awards having a grant date fair value of up to $8,000,000. The grant date fair values are determined according to generally accepted accounting principles.
Directors may be reimbursed for their reasonable expenses for attending board and committee meetings. Directors who are also our employees receive no compensation for their service as directors.
During 2019, only Mr. Dorsey and Mr. Kordestani were employees and, accordingly, did not receive compensation under the Outside Director Compensation Policy. See the section titled “Executive Compensation” for additional information about Mr. Dorsey’s compensation. Mr. Kordestani was not a named executive officer in 2019.
EQUITY COMPENSATION
On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, each of our non-employee directors is granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) having a grant date fair value approximately equal to $225,000, computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 718. The shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vest in quarterly installments beginning on the first quarter following the date of grant (on the same day of the month as the date of grant) but will vest in full on the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders if not fully vested on such date, subject to continued service through each vesting date. Directors who are appointed mid-year receive a pro-rated RSU grant based on the number of months between their appointment date and the date of our next annual meeting of stockholders.
As of the date of this proxy statement, all non-employee directors who hold unvested equity awards would be subject to accelerated vesting if their services were to be terminated in connection with a change of control.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
CASH COMPENSATION
Each of our non-employee directors receives a quarterly cash fee of $12,500 for serving on our board of directors. In addition, members of the three standing committees of our board of directors are entitled to the following quarterly cash fees:
BOARD COMMITTEE
CHAIRPERSON
FEE
MEMBER
FEE
Audit Committee
$7,500
$2,500
Compensation Committee
$5,000
$2,500
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
$3,750
$2,500
Our non-employee directors may elect to receive any cash fees that they would otherwise be entitled to receive under our Outside Director Compensation Policy in the form of additional RSUs. Such election must be made no later than two weeks prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders on which the annual grant of RSUs described above will be made and the value of the RSUs granted at such annual meeting of stockholders will be increased by the amount of fees that would have otherwise been paid in cash. In 2019, Mr. Taylor elected to receive all cash fees in the form of RSUs and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala elected to receive $5,833 of cash fees in the form of RSUs

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION FOR 2019
The following table provides information regarding the total compensation that was earned by each of our non-employee directors in 2019. Messrs. Durban and Cohn, who joined our board of directors in March and April 2020, respectively, are not included in the table below, but will participate in 2020 in the equity and cash compensation arrangements for the board of directors related to directors who are appointed mid-year described above.
DIRECTOR
FEES EARNED
OR PAID IN CASH
($)
STOCK
AWARDS
($) (1)
TOTAL
($)
Martha Lane Fox(2)
  70,000
223,164
293,164
Debra Lee(3)
 27,083
223,164
250,247
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala(4)
54,167
233,076
287,243
Patrick Pichette(5)
  90,000
223,164
313,164
David Rosenblatt(6)
82,917
223,164
306,081
Bret Taylor(7)
282,676
282,676
Evan Williams(8)
 45,833
45,833
Robert Zoellick(9)
 53,333
223,164
276,497
(1)
The amounts reported represent the fair value of RSUs granted. Amounts shown may vary from our Outside Director Compensation Policy due to changes in our share price from the date the number of equivalent shares was determined and the grant date. Such value does not take into account any forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2020.
(2)
As of December 31, 2019, Ms. Lane Fox held 3,028 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(3)
Ms. Lee resigned as a member of the board of directors effective August 31, 2019 and forfeited 4,542 RSUs granted in 2019 as a result of the service-based vesting conditions. As of December 31, 2019, Ms. Lee did not hold any RSUs.
(4)
Dr. Okonjo-Iweala elected to receive $5,833 of cash fees in the form of RSUs. As of December 31, 2019, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala held 3,163 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(5)
As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Pichette held 3,028 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(6)
As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Rosenblatt held 3,028 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date. As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Rosenblatt held an option to purchase a total of 162,000 shares of our common stock all of which were vested as of December 31, 2019.
(7)
Mr. Taylor elected to receive all cash fees in the form of RSUs. As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Taylor held 3,836 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(8)
Mr. Williams elected to receive all outside director compensation in the form of cash. Mr. Williams resigned as a member of the board of directors effective February 28, 2019.
(9)
As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Zoellick held 3,028 RSUs which vest in quarterly installments such that the RSUs will vest in full on the earlier of the date of our Annual Meeting or May 29, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
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PROPOSAL NO. 1 ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Our board of directors is currently composed of ten members. In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is divided into three staggered classes of directors. At the Annual Meeting, three Class I directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the Class I directors whose term is then expiring. Each director’s term continues until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or such director’s earlier death, resignation, or removal.
Nominees
Our nominating and corporate governance committee has recommended, and our board of directors has approved, Omid Kordestani, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Bret Taylor as nominees for election as Class I directors at the Annual Meeting. If elected, Messrs. Kordestani and Taylor and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala will serve as Class I directors until our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal. Each of the nominees is currently a director of our company; however, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is standing for election by stockholders for the first time. For information concerning the nominees, please see the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance.”
If you are a stockholder of record and you sign your proxy card or vote by telephone or over the Internet but do not give instructions with respect to the voting of directors, your shares will be voted “FOR” the election of Messrs. Kordestani and Taylor and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala. We expect that each of Messrs. Kordestani and Taylor and Dr. Okonjo-Iweala will accept such nomination; however, in the event that a director nominee is unable or declines to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, the proxies will be voted for any nominee designated by our board of directors to fill such vacancy. If you are a street name stockholder and you do not give voting instructions to your broker, bank or nominee, your broker, bank or other nominee will not vote your shares on this matter.
Vote Required
Our Bylaws provide for majority voting and our Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the related director resignation policy for our director nominees. Our Bylaws state that to be elected in an uncontested election, a nominee must receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee (i.e., the number of shares voted “For” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted “Against” for that nominee). Abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.
Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, each nominee submits, in advance of their nomination, an irrevocable resignation that will become effective if (i) the nominee fails to receive the required vote at the Annual Meeting and (ii) the board of directors accepts the resignation. The nominating and
corporate governance committee promptly considers whether to accept the resignation of any nominee who fails to receive the required number of votes for election and submits such recommendation for consideration by the board of directors. In deciding whether to accept or reject the resignation, the nominating and corporate governance committee and the board of directors will consider any factors they deem relevant. Any nominee who tenders his or her resignation pursuant to our Corporate Governance Guidelines may not participate in the nominating and corporate governance committee recommendation or board of directors action regarding whether to accept the resignation offer.
Through this policy, the board of directors seeks to be accountable to all stockholders and respects the rights of stockholders to express their views through their votes for nominees. However, the board of directors also deems it important to preserve sufficient flexibility to make sound evaluations based on the relevant circumstances in the event a nominee fails to receive a majority of the votes cast with respect to such nominee. For example, the board of directors may wish to assess whether the sudden resignation of one or more directors would materially impair the effective functioning of the board of directors. The board of directors’ policy is intended to allow the board of directors to react to situations that could arise if the resignation of multiple directors would prevent a key committee from achieving a quorum or if a resignation would otherwise impair the functioning of the committee. The policy also would allow the board of directors to assess whether a director was targeted for reasons unrelated to his or her performance as a director at the company. The policy requires that our nominating and corporate governance committee and our board of directors act promptly to consider a director nominee’s resignation.
Full details of our majority voting with director resignation policy for nominees are set forth in our Bylaws and our Corporate Governance Guidelines, available at https://investor.twitterinc.com.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at the end of the applicable notice period set forth in Section 2.4 of Article II of our Bylaws (e.g., a contested election) the majority voting with director resignation policy shall not apply and instead nominees shall be elected by a plurality vote of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at an annual meeting and entitled to vote thereon. The election of directors at the Annual Meeting is not a contested election, and therefore majority voting will apply.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR”
EACH OF THE NOMINEES
NAMED ABOVE.

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PROPOSAL NO. 2 ADVISORY VOTE ON NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION
The Dodd-Frank Act and Section 14A of the Exchange Act enable our stockholders to approve, on an advisory, or non-binding, basis the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act. This proposal, commonly known as a “Say-on-Pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our named executive officers’ compensation as a whole. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or any specific named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of all of our named executive officers and the philosophy, policies and practices described in this proxy statement. Since 2014, we have held our Say-on-Pay vote every year.
The Say-on-Pay vote is advisory, and therefore is not binding on us, our board of directors or our compensation committee. The Say-on-Pay vote will, however, provide information to us regarding investor sentiment about our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices, which the compensation committee will be able to consider when determining executive compensation for the remainder of the current fiscal year and beyond. Our board of directors and our compensation committee value the opinions of our stockholders and to the extent there is any significant vote against the named executive officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will endeavor to communicate with stockholders to better understand the concerns that influenced the vote, consider our stockholders’ concerns and the compensation committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address those concerns.
We believe that the information provided in the “Executive Compensation” section of this proxy statement, and in particular the information discussed in “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis” below, demonstrates that our executive compensation program was designed appropriately and is working to ensure management’s interests are aligned with our stockholders’ interests to support long-term value creation. Accordingly, we ask our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:
“RESOLVED, that the stockholders approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to the named executive officers, as disclosed in the proxy statement for the Annual Meeting pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the compensation discussion and analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion, and other related disclosure.”
Vote Required
The approval, on an advisory basis, of the Say-on-Pay requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.
Although the vote is non-binding, our board of directors and our compensation committee value the opinions of our stockholders in this matter and, to the extent there is any significant vote against the named executive officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will endeavor to communicate with stockholders to better understand the concerns that influenced the vote, consider our stockholders’ concerns and the compensation committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address those concerns.


THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR”
THE APPROVAL, ON AN
ADVISORY BASIS, OF OUR
NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER
COMPENSATION.
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PROPOSAL NO. 3 RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Our audit committee has appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as our independent registered public accounting firm, to audit our consolidated financial statements for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. PwC has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
At the Annual Meeting, our stockholders are being asked to ratify the appointment of PwC as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. Our audit committee is submitting the appointment of PwC to our stockholders because we value our stockholders’ views on our independent registered public accounting firm and as a matter of good corporate governance. Notwithstanding the appointment of PwC and even if our stockholders ratify the appointment, our audit committee, in its discretion, may appoint another independent registered public accounting firm at any time during our fiscal year if our audit committee believes that such a change would be in the best interests of our company and our stockholders. Representatives of PwC will be present at the Annual Meeting, and they will have an opportunity to make a statement and will be available to respond to appropriate questions from our stockholders.
If our stockholders do not ratify the appointment of PwC, our board of directors may reconsider the appointment.
Fees Paid to the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The following table presents fees for professional audit services and other services rendered to our company by PwC for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019.
2018
2019
(IN THOUSANDS)
Audit Fees(1)
$  5,926
$   6,306
Audit-Related Fees(2)
$1,316
$1,721
Tax Fees(3)
$  2,558
$  2,536
All Other Fees(4)
$ 18
$18
Total Fees
$ 9,818
$10,581
(1)
Audit Fees consist of fees for professional services rendered in connection with the review of our financial statements presented in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, including audited financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
(2)
Audit-Related Fees consist of fees for professional services for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are
not reported under “Audit Fees.” These services include accounting consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards, due diligence procedures in connection with acquisitions and procedures related to other attest services. Fees for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 also consisted of professional services rendered in connection with our securities offerings.
(3)
Tax Fees consist of fees for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services include consultation on tax matters and assistance regarding federal, state and international tax compliance.
(4)
All Other Fees consist of fees for permitted products and services other than those that meet the criteria above.
Auditor Independence
In our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, there were no other professional services provided by PwC, other than those listed above, that would have required our audit committee to consider their compatibility with maintaining the independence of PwC.
Audit Committee Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Our audit committee has established a policy governing our use of the services of our independent registered public accounting firm. Under this policy, our audit committee is required to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the public accountants’ independence. All services provided by PwC for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 were pre-approved by our audit committee in accordance with this policy.
Vote Required
The ratification of the appointment of PwC as our independent registered public accounting firm requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.


THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR”
THE RATIFICATION OF THE
APPOINTMENT OF
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS
LLP.

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PROPOSAL NO. 4 STOCKHOLDER PROPOSAL REGARDING AN EEO POLICY RISK REPORT
The National Center for Public Policy Research, 20 F Street, NW Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001, has represented that it is the beneficial owner of at least $2,000 in market value of Twitter’s common stock and has given notice of its intention to present the proposal below at the Annual Meeting. The proposal and the proponent’s supporting statement appear below.
The board of directors opposes adoption of the proposal and asks stockholders to review our opposition statement, which follows the proponent’s proposal and supporting statement.
Proposal and Supporting Statement by Stockholder Proponent
RESOLVED
Shareholders request that Twitter Inc. (“Twitter”) issue a public report detailing the potential risks associated with omitting “viewpoint” and “ideology” from its written equal employment opportunity (EEO) policy. The report should be available within a reasonable timeframe, prepared at a reasonable expense and omit proprietary information.
SUPPORTING STATEMENT
Twitter does not explicitly prohibit discrimination based on viewpoint or ideology in its written EEO policy.
Twitter's lack of a company-wide best practice EEO policy sends mixed signals to company employees and prospective employees and calls into question the extent to which individuals are protected due to inconsistent state policies and the absence of federal protection for partisan activities. Approximately half of Americans live and work in a jurisdiction with no legal protections if their employer takes action against them for their political activities.
Companies with inclusive policies are better able to recruit the most talented employees from a broad labor pool, resolve complaints internally to avoid costly litigation or reputational damage, and minimize employee turnover. Moreover, inclusive policies contribute to more efficient human capital management by eliminating the need to maintain different policies in different locations.
There is ample evidence that individuals with conservative viewpoints may face discrimination at Twitter.
Many big tech companies are hostile to right-of-center thought. Companies such as Facebook and Google routinely fire conservative employees when they speak their values. At the 2019 annual meeting of Apple shareholders, an audience member told company CEO Tim Cook about her close friend who works at Apple and lives in fear of retribution every single day because she happens to be a conservative. Companies such as Amazon and Alphabet work with the Southern Poverty Law Center (“SPLC”). The SPLC regularly smears Christian and conservative organizations by labelling them as “hate” groups on par with the KKK.
Twitter has also been previously linked to the SPLC.1 Twitter has also refused a request to increase the viewpoint diversity of its board. Twitter has also been credibly accused of mistreating conservative voices on its platform.2 This signals to employees that viewpoint discrimination is condoned if not encouraged.
Presently shareholders are unable to evaluate how Twitter prevents discrimination towards employees based on their ideology or viewpoint, mitigates employee concerns of potential discrimination, and ensures a respectful and supportive work atmosphere that bolsters employee performance.
Without an inclusive EEO policy, Twitter may be sacrificing competitive advantages relative to peers while simultaneously increasing company and shareholder exposure to reputational and financial risks.
We recommend that the report evaluate risks including, but not limited to, negative effects on employee hiring and retention, as well as litigation risks from conflicting state and company anti-discrimination policies.
1
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/
twitter-dumps-southern-poverty-law-center-stops-making
--hate-pay
2
https://quillette.com/2019/02/12/it-isnt-your-imagination
-twitter-treats-conservatives-more-harshly-than-Iibe
The Company’s Statement of Opposition
At Twitter, we believe our differences make us stronger. We work to advance a culture of inclusion and diversity—something fundamental to our collective voice and our values. We believe that no one should be discriminated against because of factors such as gender, race, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, religion, age, disability, and other legally protected classes. While laws protecting these values may vary in the locations in which we operate, we remain committed to fostering an inclusive and diverse workplace—where people can feel comfortable, be themselves, and do their best work.
In the U.S., we maintain a respectful workplace policy that explicitly prohibits discrimination against employees, applicants and service providers on improper or illegal grounds. Our policy provides that, while we will make legitimate distinctions among applicants and employees based on grounds like skills, performance, experience, and education, we do not permit or tolerate unequal treatment in hiring, job assignments, benefits/compensation, promotion, or dismissal on the basis of any protected characteristics, including political affiliation. We maintain anti-discrimination policies for our non-U.S. locations as well, and continually review and modify these policies to meet local requirements. On our career website (www.careers.twitter.com), we make clear to applicants that we will not discriminate on the basis of any legally protected status.
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PROPOSAL NO. 4 STOCKHOLDER PROPOSAL REGARDING AN EEO POLICY RISK REPORT
Additionally, as part of our commitment to inclusion and diversity, we publish a quarterly Inclusion and Diversity Report through which we communicate how we foster important conversations on our service, create programs that build a culture of inclusion, and partner with organizations that are focused on building more diverse workplaces across the broader tech industry.
Our board of directors also values inclusion and diversity when it seeks and evaluates board candidates. As described above in the section titled “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees,” our Corporate Governance Guidelines require our nominating and corporate governance committee to consider a broad range of backgrounds, experiences and diversity (in all aspects of that word), including differences in professional background, education, skill, and other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on our board of directors.
Given our numerous and broad anti-discrimination policies, the clear prohibition of discrimination on the basis of political affiliation in our U.S. policy, and our continued commitment to inclusion and diversity, our board of directors believes that issuing a public report detailing the potential risks associated with omitting “viewpoint” and “ideology” from our written equal employment opportunity policy, as contemplated by this proposal, is unnecessary and would not benefit the company or our stockholders.
For the above reasons, our board of directors believes that this proposal is not in the best interests of Twitter or our stockholders, and unanimously recommends that you vote “AGAINST” this proposal.
Vote Required
The approval of this Proposal No. 4 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against the proposal and broker non-votes will have no effect.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
RECOMMENDS A VOTE
“AGAINST” PROPOSAL NO. 4

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REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE
The audit committee is a committee of the board of directors comprised solely of independent directors as required by the listing standards of the NYSE and rules and regulations of the SEC. The audit committee operates under a written charter approved by Twitter’s board of directors, which is available on Twitter’s web site at https://investor.twitterinc.com. The composition of the audit committee, the attributes of its members and the responsibilities of the audit committee, as reflected in its charter, are intended to be in accordance with applicable requirements for corporate audit committees. The audit committee reviews and assesses the adequacy of its charter and the audit committee’s performance on an annual basis.
With respect to Twitter’s financial reporting process, Twitter’s management is responsible for (1) establishing and maintaining internal controls and (2) preparing Twitter’s consolidated financial statements. Twitter’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), is responsible for performing an independent audit of Twitter’s consolidated financial statements and of Twitter’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and to issue a report thereon. It is the responsibility of the audit committee to oversee these activities. It is not the responsibility of the audit committee to prepare Twitter’s financial statements. Those are fundamental responsibilities of management. In the performance of its oversight function, the audit committee has:

reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements with management and PwC;

discussed with PwC the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC; and

received the written disclosures and the letters from PwC required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent accountant’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence, and has discussed with PwC its independence.
Based on the audit committee’s review and discussions with management and PwC, the audit committee recommended to the board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Respectfully submitted by the members of the audit committee of the board of directors:
Patrick Pichette (Chair)
Martha Lane Fox
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Robert Zoellick
This report of the audit committee is required by the SEC and, in accordance with the SEC’s rules, will not be deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this proxy statement into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table identifies certain information about our executive officers as of March 31, 2020. Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
NAME
AGE
POSITION
Jack Dorsey
43
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Omid Kordestani
56
Executive Chairman
Ned Segal
45
Chief Financial Officer
Vijaya Gadde
45
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
Matthew Derella
42
Customers Lead
Michael Montano
34
Engineering Lead
Jack Dorsey is one of our founders and has served as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2015 and as a member of our board of directors since May 2007. Mr. Dorsey served as our interim Chief Executive Officer from July 2015 to September 2015 and as our President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2007 to October 2008. Mr. Dorsey served as the Chairperson of our board of directors from October 2008 to September 2015. Since February 2009, Mr. Dorsey has served as Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Square, Inc., a provider of payment processing services. Mr. Dorsey currently serves on the board of directors of Square, Inc.
Omid R. Kordestani has served as the Executive Chairman of our board of directors since October 2015. From August 2014 to August 2015, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer at Google. From May 1999 to April 2009, Mr. Kordestani served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales and Business Development at Google. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Kordestani served as Vice President of Business Development at Netscape Communications Corporation. Prior to joining Netscape Communications Corporation, Mr. Kordestani held positions in business development, product management and marketing at The 3DO Company, Go Corporation and Hewlett-Packard Company. Mr. Kordestani holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from San Jose State University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.
Ned Segal has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2017. From January 2015 to August 2017, Mr. Segal served as Senior Vice President of Finance of Intuit Inc. From April 2013 to January 2015, Mr. Segal served as Chief Financial Officer of RPX Corporation. From 1996 to April 2013, Mr. Segal held various positions at Goldman Sachs & Co. Mr. Segal holds a B.S. in Spanish from Georgetown University.
Vijaya Gadde has served as our Chief Legal Officer since February 2018 and Secretary since August 2013, as our General Counsel from August 2013 to February 2018, as our head of communications from July 2015 to August 2016 and as our Director, Legal from July 2011 to August 2013. Ms. Gadde is also a member of the Board of Trustees of New York University School of Law. From October 2010 to July 2011, Ms. Gadde served as Senior Director and Associate General Counsel, Corporate, at Juniper Networks, Inc., a provider of network infrastructure products and services. From October 2000 to April 2010, Ms. Gadde was an attorney at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. Ms. Gadde holds a B.S. in Industrial and Labor Relations from Cornell University and a J.D. from New York University School of Law.
Matthew Derella has served as our Customers Lead since February 2018, as Global VP, Twitter Client Solutions from July 2016 to February 2018, as VP, US Direct Sales Organization from March 2013 to July 2016 and as Director, Agency Development and Brand Strategy from October 2012 to March 2013. Prior to joining Twitter, Mr. Derella served in various leadership roles at Google and also worked at The Weather Channel Companies leading marketing solutions for its largest revenue teams. Mr. Derella holds a B.A. in English from Georgetown University and is an inductee in the Advertising Hall of Achievement.
Michael Montano has served as our Engineering Lead since July 2018. Before joining Twitter, Mr. Montano co-founded BackType to focus on organizing online conversations and helping people follow what was being talked about. BackType created and open-sourced the Apache Storm project, a distributed realtime computation system. BackType was acquired by Twitter in 2011. Since joining Twitter, Mr. Montano has led teams across the platform, advertiser products and the consumer product. Mr. Montano holds a BASc Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Toronto.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) includes a detailed discussion of compensation for our current and former executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 who were Named Executive Officers (“Named Executive Officers”).
Named Executive Officers for 2019
Executive Compensation Highlights
Jack Dorsey
Ned Segal
Vijaya Gadde
Matthew Derella
Michael Montano
Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)
Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
Customers Lead
Engineering Lead
CEO Compensation of $1.40. As a testament to his
  commitment to and belief in Twitter’s long-term value
  creation potential, our CEO, Jack Dorsey, declined all
  compensation and benefits since 2015 other than an
  annual salary of $1.40 since 2018.

Investor Outreach. As in previous years we reached out to
  our top institutional investors collectively holding
  approximately 42% of our shares outstanding and met
  with institutional investors holding approximately 28% of
  our shares outstanding for feedback on certain elements
  of our compensation program.

Independent Compensation Consultant. We utilized our
  independent compensation consulting firm on matters
  relating to compensation data and formulation of
  recommendations for executive compensation.

Equity Stakes Tie Executive Pay to Company Long-term
  Company Performance. In 2019, approximately 92% of
  the total target compensation of our Named Executive
  Officers (excluding our CEO) was equity based.

Equity Compensation. We continued to use a portfolio
  approach when granting equity awards to each of our
  executive officers by awarding a mix of time-based RSU
  and performance-based equity awards.

Cash Compensation Below Market. In 2019, we increased
  the base salaries of our Named Executive Officers
  (excluding our CEO) reflective of market competitiveness.
  Target total cash compensation for executive officers
  remains below market. However, we are strengthening our
  programs in 2020 resulting in our executive officers being
  eligible to participate in a bonus program that is intended
  to provide a more market-based but also
  performance-based annual cash compensation program
  (see the section titled “Changes to our Executive
  Compensation Programs for 2020”).

No Single Trigger Change of Control Arrangements. We
  do not provide our executive officers with single trigger
  change of control acceleration on equity awards.
Table of Contents
This CD&A is organized into four sections:
Page 37 - Executive Summary
Page 39 - Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions
Page 43 - Our Compensation-Setting Process
Page 44 - Other Compensation Information
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Compensation Highlights (continued)
No Excise Tax Gross-Ups. We do not provide any Named
  Executive Officer with a “gross-up” or other reimbursement
  payment for any tax liability that he or she might owe as a
  result of the application of Section 280G, 4999, or 409A of the
  Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

No Hedging or Pledging. We continue to prohibit hedging
  against and pledging of our securities.

Clawback Policy. We maintain a clawback policy for our
  executive officers providing that if our financial statements
  are restated, we may seek to recover or cancel any cash-based
  incentive or performance-based equity compensation paid
  or payable that was awarded as a result of achieving financial
  performance goals that are not met under the restated
  financial results.
Executive Summary
Company Overview and Strategy. Twitter is what’s happening in the world and what people are talking about right now. From breaking news and entertainment, to sports, politics, and everyday interests, Twitter shows every side of the story. On Twitter you can join the open conversation and watch highlights, clips, or live-streaming events. Twitter is available in more than 40 languages around the world. The service can be accessed via twitter.com, an array of mobile devices via Twitter owned and operated mobile applications (e.g. Twitter for iPhone and Twitter for Android), and SMS.
Our primary product, Twitter, is a global platform for public self-expression and conversation in real time. Twitter allows people to consume, create, distribute and discover content and has democratized content creation and distribution. Through Topics, Trends, and Moments, we help people discover what’s happening live. We also continue to implement live broadcasts across Twitter, including through partnerships with media outlets and our platform partners. Media outlets and our platform partners also help extend the reach of Twitter content by distributing Tweets beyond our products to complement their content. Periscope is a mobile application that lets anyone broadcast and watch video live with others. Periscope broadcasts can also be viewed through Twitter and on desktop or mobile web browsers.
In 2019, we improved our machine-learning models to provide more relevant content in people’s Home timelines and notifications. We are making it easier for people to find what they are looking for when they come to Twitter by better organizing content around topics and events, and making it easier to follow and join conversations. We also continue to enhance the public conversation around events on Twitter with live and on-demand video content, including short videos and highlights, across sports, entertainment, news, and politics. In addition, we continued our work to innovate faster and deliver better returns for advertisers by shipping new ad platform services as part of our effort to rebuild our core ad server. In
2019, we also continued our efforts to improve the health of the platform, as we work to make sure that people feel safe being a part of the conversation and are able to find credible information on our service. Major areas of focus within health include working to proactively limit the visibility of unhealthy content, protecting the integrity of election-related conversations and giving people more control over their conversations.
Challenges. We face challenges in hiring and retaining leadership due to a number of factors, including:
Highly Competitive Technology Industry: We are a unique platform, a widely recognized brand and a recognized innovator in the technology industry. However, some prospective leaders may believe there is less opportunity to realize significant appreciation through equity compensation at a public company of our size as compared with a privately-held start-up or some other earlier stage public companies. Fluctuations in our stock price and perception of our business in the market can also present challenges in competing for talent.
Extremely Competitive Employee Retention Environment: In the technology industry, there is substantial and continuous competition for leadership with the experience and aptitude to motivate and lead product, engineering, sales, G&A and operations teams who are familiar with the technology industry. Our headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, where competition for leadership is particularly intense. Further, our brand name and successes have made our employees and executives more attractive as candidates for employment with other companies, and they are subject to significant ongoing recruiting efforts by other companies in the technology industry. We continue to invest in hiring key engineering roles and retaining talented employees to grow our business. We continued to see reduced levels of attrition in 2019, but we need to continue to focus on hiring and employee retention in order to be successful. We have also made, and intend to continue to make, acquisitions that add engineers, designers, product managers and other personnel with specific technology expertise. In addition, we

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
must retain our high-performing personnel in order to continue to develop, sell and market our products and services and manage our business.
Executive Background: Typically, we hire experienced executives with specific skills in key functional areas who have worked in an environment similar to ours. The number of executives with the most desirable experience is relatively low and proven executives are difficult to find. We have expanded our recruiting efforts both geographically and into other industries and sectors, which leads to increased complexity in recruiting efforts and has required us to be more flexible with our executive compensation packages.
Compensation Goals. To execute on our strategy, we must attract and retain expert employees and executives who are agile enough to quickly innovate on our business strategy, constantly enhance our product offerings and be cutting edge leaders in undefined spaces like safety and abuse. Our executive compensation program is designed to help us realize these objectives.
Specifically, the goals of our executive compensation program are to:
recruit, incentivize, and retain talented individuals who can develop, implement and deliver on long-term value creation strategies;
promote a healthy approach to risk by reinforcing our values, which serve to motivate our executives to deliver the highest level of company, team, and individual performance;
provide meaningful long-term incentives to align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders; and
provide competitive compensation packages that are fair relative to peers and aligned to the market.
Compensation Approach in 2019. Our compensation committee evaluated a number of factors in making decisions about our executive compensation program, including input from Compensia, management, and stockholders (including the over 97% support we received from our stockholders in our 2019 stockholder advisory vote on executive compensation). Following this evaluation, the committee determined not to make any significant changes to our compensation programs for 2019.
Base Salary: For 2019, our compensation committee increased the base salaries of Ms. Gadde and Messrs. Derella, Montano and Segal as a result of our annual compensation review. Despite the increases, cash compensation remained meaningfully below market, consistent with our historical emphasis on fostering an ownership culture. At his own recommendation to the compensation committee, Mr. Dorsey elected to forego any compensation for 2019 other than a base salary of $1.40.
Performance-Based Cash Compensation: Our Named Executive Officers did not participate in our broad-based short-term incentive plan in 2019. As a result, target total cash compensation for our Named Executive Officers was below market compared to our compensation peers.
Equity Compensation: Our executive compensation program is heavily weighted towards equity compensation. To promote a pay-for-performance culture and respond to the feedback we received from investors during outreach efforts, our compensation committee chose to generally continue using a portfolio approach when granting equity awards, primarily in the form of time based RSUs and performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”).
We grant a combination of PRSUs based on absolute and relative measures. In 2019, our compensation committee chose to use Revenue and Operating Income as the one-year company performance goal, and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) as the two-year performance goal to provide incentives for achieving both absolute and relative performance over both the short and long term horizon. The TSR component is tied to the Nasdaq Internet Index in order to align us to our compensation peers. Each year the compensation committee approves the weighting of the absolute and relative measures to determine the number of PRSUs allocated to each performance goal. The absolute measures (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) are weighted 60% and the relative measure (TSR performance goal) is weighted 40%. In 2019, we replaced Adjusted EBITDA with Operating Income for the company performance goal in order to bring our current plan design in better alignment with market practice, how we plan and give guidance, and shareholder expectations.
For purposes of our PRSUs:
“Revenue” is defined as our GAAP revenues, as may be adjusted for certain acquisitions during the specified performance period.
“Operating Income” is defined as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude interest and other expenses, provision (benefit) for income taxes and restructuring charges, but excluding recorded costs resulting from any business acquired by us (other than acquisitions with a total deal consideration as approved by the board of directors or one of its committees and set forth in a definitive agreement (not including new stock based awards granted to target’s continuing employees) of less than $20 million) during the specified performance period.
“Total Shareholder Return or TSR” is defined as (a) (i) our share price at the end of period (December 31, 2020) minus (ii) our share price at the start of period (January 1, 2019) divided by (b) our share price at the start of period (January 1, 2019). This rate of return, loss or breakeven is then measured against the performance of the Nasdaq Internet Index during the same period and using the same methodology and compared against our pre-established target levels as described above to determine the achievement of the performance goal.
Change of Control and Severance Benefits: We believe that to properly motivate and incentivize our executive team in the event of a change of control and to the possibility of a termination without “cause” or a termination with “good reason,” a standardized “double trigger” change of control and severance policy is critical. The material terms of these
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
arrangements are set forth in “Executive Compensation— Compensation Tables—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below.
Clawback Policy: We believe that it is important to foster and maintain a culture that emphasizes integrity and accountability. For this reason, we maintain a clawback policy that provides the compensation committee the ability to recover certain incentive compensation paid or payable to an executive officer in the event of a material restatement of all or a portion of our financial statements caused by or partially caused by the executive officer’s misconduct, as described in greater detail under the “Clawback Policy” section below.
Our Investor Outreach Program
We value the feedback of our stockholders. Following our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, we continued to engage our institutional stockholders to better understand their perspectives on our executive compensation practices and related governance topics. In 2019, our management team reached out to our top institutional investors as noted in our Executive Compensation Highlights. This effort supplemented ongoing communications between our management and stockholders regarding our financial performance, and expanded upon the outreach to stockholders prior to and in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. Our objectives were to gain a better understanding of stockholders’ views on our executive compensation practices and on executive compensation best practices generally, as well as related governance topics. The Twitter participants in these meetings included members of our compensation, legal, operations, and investor relations teams, as well as our Lead Independent Director in several meetings. The compensation committee and the board of directors are committed to maintaining a pay-for-performance alignment in our executive compensation programs and will continue to solicit feedback from our stockholders regarding our programs and practices.
Changes to our Executive Compensation Programs for 2020
We evaluate our executive compensation programs, including our mix of cash and equity compensation, on an annual basis. Our compensation committee has made changes to further align and strengthen these programs to our stated goals of the executive compensation programs that will go into effect in 2020. Changes include:
Moving from a salary and equity only approach to a traditional pay mix approach comprising salary, bonus, and equity. The bonus program will be focused on short-term performance while the equity program will be focused on longer-term performance and retention.
Moving from an annual vesting value approach to a uniform 50/50 mix of RSU and PRSU awards using a grant date fair value approach.
Moving from a highly individualized vesting schedule to a 4-year standard vesting schedule for our RSU awards.
Enhancing our equity program to focus on longer-term performance and retention. Specifically, we are (i) revising the financial PRSU award to maintain the 1-year performance period but vest the award annually over 3-years instead of the current immediate payout at the end of the performance period, and (ii) revising the TSR PRSU award from a 2-year performance period with immediate payout to a 3-year performance period with immediate payout.
2019 “Say-on-Pay” Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation
At last year’s annual meeting of stockholders held in May 2019, over 97% of the votes cast on our say-on-pay proposal were cast in favor of the compensation of the Named Executive Officers on an advisory basis. In 2019, the compensation committee considered the results of the “say-on-pay” vote as one factor when making its executive compensation decisions during 2019, including continuing the phase-in of our performance-based equity awards in order to remain market competitive and promote further alignment between the interests of our executives and our stockholders.
Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions
Our executive compensation program is comprised of three primary components, listed in order of importance to us:
PAY COMPONENT
OBJECTIVE
BENEFIT TO STOCKHOLDERS
Equity Compensation
Provides a long-term incentive for executives to focus on stockholder value creation

Vesting schedule encourages retention

Performance-based grants encourage pay for performance
Value at time of vesting is based on long-term growth of Twitter’s stock price and/or, in the case of performance-based grants, meeting both absolute and relative objectives of the company

 60% based on absolute metrics
  - 30% Revenue
  - 30% Operating Income

 40% based on TSR relative to
  Nasdaq Internet Index

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PAY COMPONENT
OBJECTIVE
BENEFIT TO STOCKHOLDERS
Base Salary
Provides a measure of stable fixed compensation for performance of day-to-day services

Amount reflects individual’s performance and scope of responsibilities, as well as the competitive market for executive talent
Our base salary levels remain comparatively low but are still at levels that are competitive to help us attract and retain talented executives
Benefits and Perquisites
Provides for the health and welfare of our executives and their families, for protection from unexpected loss, as well as the opportunity to save for retirement
Competitive benefits help us attract and retain talented executives
We believe that awarding a significant portion of pay in the form of compensation that is directly linked to our stock price motivates our executive team to focus on growing our business over the long term and aligns our executives’ interests with those of our stockholders. We do not use specific formulas or
weightings in determining the allocation of the various pay elements; rather, each Named Executive Officer’s compensation has been individually designed to provide a combination of at-risk and fixed compensation that is tied to achievement of Twitter’s short and long-term objectives.
The following chart sets forth the relative weight of 2019 compensation attributable to equity compensation and base salary for our Named Executive Officers on average as a group (excluding our CEO who declined all compensation other than a base salary of $1.40).


Equity Compensation.
For 2019, the majority of the compensation opportunities for each of our executive officers, including each of our Named Executive Officers, was delivered through RSU and PRSU awards. As these awards have value to the recipient even in the absence of stock price appreciation, these awards help us retain and incentivize employees during periods of market volatility, and also result in our granting fewer shares of common stock than through stock options of equivalent grant date fair value. In addition to the initial equity grant that each executive officer receives as part of his or her new hire package, the compensation committee may grant our executive officers additional equity awards each year as business needs dictate given the nature of our rapidly changing business. Historically, when determining the number of shares subject to an equity grant to issue under both new hire and ongoing awards, we assess the value of the awards based on a variety of potential future stock prices to attempt to mitigate the risk of materially
over-compensating our executives if our stock price increases significantly. We also factor in the weighting of the split between RSUs and PRSUs based on our phase in approach of performance-based equity over time. Awards that have been granted to our executive team, including our Named Executive Officers, have been determined based on our board of directors’ or compensation committee’s business judgment regarding the appropriate level of compensation for the position as compared to those in our compensation peers or those companies that we consider direct competitors for talent; the critical nature of the position and the anticipated potential future impact; the size of each executive’s base salary due to the fact that we do not have a cash based bonus program for our executives; and the vested and unvested equity held by executives. On occasion, we issue options to purchase shares of Twitter stock to incentivize those executives who have a direct impact on our financial growth.
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We continue to review other equity compensation designs that may more closely align our compensation practices with our compensation peers and market practice.
2019 Equity Grants.
Jack Dorsey. Mr. Dorsey declined all equity compensation for 2019.
Ned Segal. We granted Mr. Segal a total of 139,000 PRSUs at target, of which (i) 83,400 PRSUs were tied to our 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and (ii) 55,600 PRSUs were tied to our 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal).
Vijaya Gadde. We granted Ms. Gadde a total of 172,000 PRSUs at target, of which (i) 103,200 PRSUs were tied to our 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and (ii) 68,800 PRSUs were tied to our 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal).
Matthew Derella. We granted Mr. Derella a total of 40,000 PRSUs at target, of which (i) 24,000 PRSUs were tied to our 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and (ii) 16,000 PRSUs were tied to our 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal).
Michael Montano. We granted Mr. Montano a total of 105,000 PRSUs at target, of which (i) 63,000 PRSUs were tied to our 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and (ii) 42,000 PRSUs were tied to our 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal).
RSUs.
Our RSU awards typically vest over a four-year period and we believe that they help incentivize our executives to build value
that can be sustained over time. For more information relating to the granting of these RSU awards, including the vesting schedules, see the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Tables—Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal Year 2019” table below.
PRSUs.
We continued to use a portfolio approach when granting equity awards to our Named Executive Officers in 2019 by also granting PRSUs. The PRSUs are eligible to vest based upon our achievement of certain performance targets over a one-year or two-year performance period. The compensation committee set the performance targets for the performance period early in the first quarter of 2019 and assessed achievement against the one-year performance targets in February 2020. For 2019, the compensation committee chose a one-year performance period for the Revenue and Operating Income performance goals and a two-year performance period for the TSR performance goal to assess the impact of the plan on performance. We intend to reassess the performance goals and performance period in future years.
For more information relating to the granting of these PRSU awards, including the vesting schedules, see the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Tables—Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal Year 2019” table below.
The compensation committee believed that these performance goals and the relative weighting of these goals as described below were appropriate to drive executive performance in achieving certain annual corporate performance goals that further our strategy and that are used by investors to evaluate our financial performance. No vesting of the PRSUs would occur until a minimum performance threshold was achieved and the PRSUs had a maximum vesting payout capped at 2x target outlined below.
MEASURE
WEIGHTING
PERFORMANCE
PERIOD
0%
MINIMUM
PAYOUT
100%
TARGET
PAYOUT
200%
MAXIMUM
PAYOUT
ACTUAL
PERFORMANCE
ACTUAL
VESTING
Revenue
30%
Fiscal year
2019
<= $3,042 million
$3,470 million
>= $4,107 million
$3,459 million
100%
Operating Income (before short term incentive target and PRSU expense)
30%
Fiscal year
2019
<= $134 million
$510 million
>= $1,071 million
$507 million
100%
TSR(1)
40%
Fiscal year
2019-2020
<= (33%) vs.
Nasdaq
Internet Index
Equals
Nasdaq
Internet Index
>= 50% vs.
Nasdaq
Internet Index
N/A
N/A
(1)
The TSR measure Actual Performance target and Actual Vesting cannot be determined until the end of the performance period (January 1, 2019 – December 31, 2020).
(2)
The payouts at lower performance thresholds are subject to a lower proportional return compared to results at higher performance thresholds.

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The following tables set forth the total PRSUs granted to our Named Executive Officers (i) at threshold, target and maximum award levels for the 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and the 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance
goal) and (ii) the actual number of PRSUs that vested as a result of our performance against our targets for the 2019 fiscal year performance period for our Revenue and Operating Income performance goals:
NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER(1)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019
REVENUE /
OPERATING
INCOME
PERFORMANCE
GOALS
(AT THRESHOLD)
PRSU GRANT FOR
2019
REVENUE /
OPERATING
INCOME
PERFORMANCE
GOALS
(AT TARGET)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019
REVENUE /
OPERATING
INCOME
PERFORMANCE
GOALS
(AT MAXIMUM)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019
REVENUE /
OPERATING
INCOME
PERFORMANCE
GOALS
(ACTUAL)
Jack Dorsey
Ned Segal
0
  83,400
 166,800
  83,400
Vijaya Gadde
0
 103,200
  206,400
 103,200
Matthew Derella
0
  24,000
  48,000
  24,000
Michael Montano
0
  63,000
 126,000
  63,000
(1)
Mr. Dorsey declined all equity compensation in 2019.
NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER(1) (2)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019-2020
TSR
PERFORMANCE
GOAL
(AT THRESHOLD)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019-2020
TSR
PERFORMANCE
GOAL
(AT TARGET)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019-2020
TSR
PERFORMANCE
GOAL
(AT MAXIMUM)
PRSU GRANT
FOR 2019-2020
TSR
PERFORMANCE
GOAL
(ACTUAL)
Jack Dorsey
Ned Segal
0
  55,600
111,200
 N/A
Vijaya Gadde
0
  68,800
 137,600
 N/A
Matthew Derella
0
 16,000
  32,000
 N/A
Michael Montano
0
  42,000
  84,000
 N/A
(1)
Mr. Dorsey declined all equity compensation in 2019.
(2)
The actual performance for the PRSU grant for the 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal) cannot be determined until the end of the performance period (January 1, 2019 – December 31, 2020).
Base Salary. Historically, the salaries of our executive team, including our Named Executive Officers, have remained below competitive market levels. We have on occasion gradually increased the base salaries for our executive team, including our Named Executive Officers, to market competitive levels. In 2019, we increased the salaries of our Named Executive Officers (except for Mr. Dorsey), although cash compensation remains meaningfully below market.
The following table shows the annualized base salary rates in effect for 2019:
NAME
2019 BASE
SALARY RATE ($)
Jack Dorsey
1.40   
Ned Segal
600,000   
Vijaya Gadde
600,000   
Matthew Derella
600,000   
Michael Montano
600,000   
Benefits. Our executive officers, including the Named Executive Officers, participate in the same benefits plans and programs as all other Twitter employees in the same geographies where such executive officers are based. These plans include medical, dental, and vision care plans, flexible spending accounts for health and dependent care, life, accidental death and dismemberment, disability, and travel insurance, employee assistance programs, employee stock purchase plan and paid time off.
In addition, we maintain a tax qualified 401(k) retirement savings plan that contains both a pre-tax and an after-tax savings feature for the benefit of eligible U.S. employees, including our Named Executive Officers. We provide a discretionary match of $0.50 for every dollar an employee contributes up to a maximum company contribution of $3,000. We believe that a company contribution encourages all eligible U.S. employees to contribute to long-term retirement savings. All 2019 contributions were fully vested as of their respective contribution dates and are deductible by us.
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Perquisites. Consistent with the practices of many companies in our peer group, in the past we have provided limited perquisites to our executive officers. In 2019 we did not provide any perquisites to our Named Executive Officers.
Our Compensation-Setting Process
We have been undergoing a period of rapid growth, development and change as a public company in a highly competitive business and technological environment that dictates that we consider a number of factors in determining individual compensation arrangements with executives, including our Named Executive Officers, at the time we hire them, including:
our need to fill a particular position;
our financial position and growth direction at the time of hiring;
the individual’s expertise and experience;
the competitive nature in hiring for the position; and
the challenges discussed in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Executive Summary” above.
Role of Our Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee is composed entirely of independent directors, and is responsible for overseeing our executive compensation program. Our compensation committee approves ongoing compensation arrangements for our executive officers, including our Named Executive Officers (other than our CEO) and makes recommendations to the full board of directors regarding our CEO’s compensation. In determining compensation for our Named Executive Officers, our compensation committee considers numerous factors, including:
recommendations of our CEO and other management (as described below);
the individual achievement of each executive officer, compensation peer and competitive market data (as described below);
the experience and contributions of our executive officers to our key business objectives; and
internal pay equity based on the impact on our business and performance.
There is no predetermined formula for weighting these factors. Instead, our compensation committee considers all of this information in light of our business objectives. Our compensation committee operates under a written charter adopted approved by our board of directors. The charter is available on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com.
Role of Management. Our CEO, together with senior HR management, reviews our executive compensation practices
against our compensation peers (described below), competitors for talent and market data. At the compensation committee’s request, our CEO then makes recommendations for target compensation opportunities for executive officers (other than himself). Our compensation committee believes that our CEO’s input for the compensation opportunities is highly valuable because of his daily involvement with the other members of our executive team and our business. No executive officer participates directly in the final deliberations or determinations regarding his or her own compensation package. Our senior management team also provides input on, and helps negotiate, initial compensation packages for our newly hired executives. Our compensation committee seeks input from senior management during the process of searching for and negotiating compensation packages, with new senior level hires and coordinates with our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer in determining the financial and accounting implications of our executive compensation programs and hiring decisions. Our CEO, Mr. Dorsey, requested and our board of directors approved that he forego all compensation for 2019 other than a base salary of $1.40.
Role of the Compensation Consultant. Our compensation committee has the authority to engage its own advisors to assist in carrying out its responsibilities. In 2019, our compensation committee engaged with Compensia on matters relating to our compensation peers selection as well as to provide support and specific analyses with regard to compensation data and formulation of recommendations for executive compensation. Based on the consideration of the factors specified in the rules of the SEC and the listing standards of NYSE, our compensation committee does not believe that its relationship with Compensia and the work of Compensia on behalf of the compensation committee raises any conflict of interest. The compensation committee periodically reviews the need to independently retain a compensation consultant.
Use of Comparative Market Data. Each year our compensation committee reviews, with assistance from Compensia and input from management, the current compensation peers along with the selection criteria for applicability in making the next year’s compensation decisions. In determining which companies should be in the peer group, our compensation committee considered companies that met some or all of the following criteria: (i) software (primary) and broad technology (secondary) companies located in the United States; (ii) had revenues between one half (0.5x) and two and one half (2.5x) times our size in revenue; (iii) had a market capitalization of one third (0.3x) to three (3.0x) times our market capitalization; and (iv) a preference for companies with high growth and high market capitalization to revenue multiples. We also consider cash and equity compensation data for Facebook as a reference peer, given that we directly compete for key talent with Facebook.

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Based on the compensation peer criteria and input from management and Compensia, the committee determined the following companies would make up the compensation peer group for 2019 decisions:
Autodesk, Inc.
ServiceNow, Inc.
VMWare, Inc.
Electronic Arts Inc.
Snap Inc.
Workday, Inc.
Intuit Inc.
Splunk Inc.
Yelp Inc.
Match Group, Inc.
Square, Inc.
Zillow Group, Inc.
Palo Alto Networks, Inc.
Symantec Corporation
Red Hat, Inc.
TripAdvisor, Inc.
Our compensation committee intends to continue to review our compensation peers and the underlying criteria annually to assess whether it remains appropriate for review and comparison purposes. We also participate in surveys of market compensation practices in our industry and broadly across all industries, and undertake specialized studies of competitive market practices using the most relevant published survey sources and public filings.
When determining 2019 executive officer compensation opportunities, management presented information to the compensation committee based on compensation peers and market survey data. Our compensation committee considered this information in making its decision but did not engage in strict benchmarking to a fixed percentile. Instead, our compensation committee, taking into consideration the factors described above, relied on the business experience of its members and on the recommendations of management to craft compensation packages appropriate for our particular executives. We believe that the 2019 total target compensation opportunities of our executive officers, including our Named Executive Officers, were competitive with market practices for similarly situated executives of our compensation peers.
Other Compensation Information
Employment Arrangements. Each of our Named Executive Officers has entered into a written, at-will employment offer letter with us. For a summary of the material terms and conditions of these employment offer letters, see the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Other Compensation Information—Executive Officer Employment Letters.”
Post-Employment Compensation. Each of our Named Executive Officers participates in our Change of Control and Involuntary Termination Protection Policy (the “Severance Policy”), which provides standardized payments and benefits to the Named Executive Officers in the event of a termination without “cause” by Twitter or termination for “good reason” by the participant, whether or not in connection with a change of control, to make these benefits consistent among the executives who have these arrangements. Our compensation committee approves all plan participants and the level of benefit applicable to each plan participant. We believe that the
change of control benefits in the Severance Policy assist to maximize stockholder value and maintain executive focus in the immediate period prior to, during and after the change of control event.
The material terms of these post-employment arrangements are set forth in “Executive Compensation—Compensation Tables—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below.
Clawback Policy. We believe that it is important to foster and maintain a culture that emphasizes integrity and accountability. Our Clawback Policy permits the company to require that any current or former officer of the company who is (or was) subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, repay certain cash-based incentive compensation or performance-based equity compensation to the company if the compensation committee determines that such participant’s actions caused or partially caused the company to restate all or a portion of its financial statements within the three-year period from the original filing date of the restated financial statements. If the compensation committee determines that any such cash-based incentive compensation or performance-based equity compensation would have been less had they been calculated based on the restated results, and further determines that fraud, gross negligence, or intentional misconduct by any such participant caused or partially caused such restatement and it is in our best interests to recover all or a portion of the excess amount of cash-based incentive compensation or performance-based equity compensation received (or to be received) by such participant, the compensation committee may seek to recover the difference between the amounts awarded or paid (or to be awarded or paid) and the amounts that would have been awarded or paid based on the restated results.
When the SEC adopts final clawback policy rules under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, we will review and may revise our Clawback Policy to the extent required to comply with such rules.
Accounting Treatment. We recognize a non-cash charge to earnings for accounting purposes for equity awards. We expect that our compensation committee will continue to review and
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consider the accounting impact of equity awards in addition to considering the impact for dilution and overhang when deciding the amounts and terms of equity grants.
Deductibility of Executive Compensation. Code Section 162(m) may limit the amount that we may deduct from our federal income taxes for compensation paid to certain of our current or former executive officers who qualify as “covered employees” within the meaning of Code Section 162(m) to one million dollars per executive officer per year.
While we are mindful of the benefit of the full deductibility of compensation, we believe that we should not be constrained by the requirements of Code Section 162(m) where those requirements would impair our flexibility in compensating our executive officers in a manner that can best promote our corporate objectives. Therefore, we have not adopted a policy that would require that all compensation be deductible, though we do consider the deductibility of compensation when making compensation decisions. We may authorize compensation payments that are not fully tax deductible if we believe that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent or meet other business objectives.
Taxation of Parachute Payments and Deferred Compensation. We do not provide, and have no obligation to provide, any executive officer, including any Named Executive Officer, with a “gross-up” or other reimbursement payment for any tax liability that he or she might owe as a result of the application of Section 280G, 4999, or 409A of the Code. Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code provide that executive officers and directors who hold significant equity interests and certain other service providers may be subject to an excise tax if they receive payments or benefits in connection with a change of control that exceed certain limits prescribed by the Code, and that the employer may forfeit a deduction on the amounts subject to this additional tax. Section 409A of the Code also may impose significant taxes on a service provider in the event that he or she receives deferred compensation that does not comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. We have structured our compensation arrangements with the intention of complying with or otherwise being exempt from the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
Hedging and Pledging Policies. We have established an Insider Trading Policy, which applies to all of our employees and directors, and among other things, prohibits short sales, engaging in transactions in publicly-traded options (such as puts and calls) and other derivative securities relating to our common stock. This prohibition extends to any hedging or similar transaction designed to decrease the risks associated with holding our securities. In addition, our Named Executive Officers are prohibited from pledging any of our securities as collateral for a loan and from holding any of our securities in a margin account.
Executive Officer Employment Letters.
Jack Dorsey. We entered into an executive employment letter dated June 11, 2015 with Mr. Dorsey, our Chief Executive Officer. The letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment.
Ned Segal. We entered into an executive employment letter dated July 11, 2017 with Mr. Segal, our Chief Financial Officer. The letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment.
Vijaya Gadde. We entered into an executive employment letter dated October 1, 2013 with Ms. Gadde, our Chief Legal Officer and Secretary. The letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment.
Matthew Derella. We entered into an employment letter dated October 1, 2012 with Mr. Derella, our Customers Lead. The letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment.
Michael Montano. We entered into an employment letter dated June 20, 2011 with Mr. Montano, our Engineering Lead. The letter has no specific term and provides for at-will employment.
Compensation-Related Risk.
We engaged Compensia to complete a risk review of our employee compensation policies and practices in which our employees (including our executive officers) participate, to determine whether these policies and practices have any features that might create undue risks or encourage unnecessary and excessive risk-taking that could threaten our value. In the review, consideration was given to numerous factors and design elements that manage and mitigate risk, without diminishing the effect of the incentive nature of compensation, including, but not limited to, the following:
a commission-based incentive program for sales employees that only results in payout based on measurable financial or business critical metrics;
ownership of a large percentage of our shares and equity awards by senior management; and
our practice of awarding long-term equity grants upon hire to our executives in order to directly tie the executive’s expectation of compensation to their contributions to the long-term value of the company.
After reviewing the analysis performed by Compensia, we concluded that any potential risks arising from our employee compensation policies and practices, including our executive compensation programs, are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our company.

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Compensation Committee Report
The compensation committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis provided above. Based on its review and discussions, the compensation committee recommended to the board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement and Twitter’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 
Compensation Committee
David Rosenblatt (Chair)
Patrick Pichette
Bret Taylor
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2019 Summary Compensation Table
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION
YEAR
SALARY
($)(1)
BONUS
($)(2)
NON-EQUITY
INCENTIVE PLAN
COMPENSATION
($)(3)
STOCK
AWARDS
($)(4)
ALL OTHER
COMPENSATION
($)(5)
TOTAL
COMPENSATION
($)
Jack Dorsey
Chief Executive Officer
2019
1.40
  1.40
2018
1.40
  1.40
 
2017
 —
Ned Segal(6)
Chief Financial Officer
2019
573,077
5,530,462
  3,000
   6,106,539
2018
500,000
4,460,054
  3,000
    4,963,054
2017
165,385
300,000
13,832,643
 1,500
   14,299,528
Vijaya Gadde
Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
2019
573,077
7,324,526
  3,000
    7,900,603
2018
498,077
11,298,824
  3,000
 11,799,901
2017
500,000
406,560
 1,500
    908,060
Matthew Derella
Customers Lead
2019
573,077
400,000
5,764,700
  3,000
   6,740,777
2018
499,038
563,710
3,254,671
  3,000
   4,320,419
Michael Montano
Engineering Lead
2019
532,692
6,684,420
7,217,112
2018
325,769
   270,200
17,612,977
   18,208,946
(1)
At his own recommendation to the compensation committee and consistent with his compensation in 2018, Mr. Dorsey elected to forego any compensation for 2019 other than a base salary of $1.40.
(2)
Amounts disclosed in this column relate to (i) a sign-on bonus made to Mr. Segal as part of his new hire compensation package pursuant to his executive employment letter dated July 11, 2017, (ii) a one-time discretionary payment made to Mr. Derella in 2019 for no longer being eligible to participate in the Incentive Compensation Plan and (iii) commission payments made to Mr. Derella as a participant in the 2018 Incentive Compensation Plan.
(3)
Amounts disclosed in this column relate to a performance bonus paid to Mr. Montano in 2018 under our (non-executive) corporate bonus plan. Mr. Montano’s bonus target was 40% of his 2018 base salary and the final payout amount was determined based on the achievement of company and individual performance measures of which 75% were weighted on financial measures (Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA) (and achieved at 193% of target) and 25% were weighted on individual performance measures (and achieved at 193% of target).
(4)
Amounts disclosed in this column relate to grants of RSUs and PRSUs made under our 2013 Plan. With respect to each RSU and PRSU grant, the amounts disclosed generally reflect the grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Amounts disclosed in this column include PRSUs under the 2013 Plan at the target award level for the 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and the 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal) as described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions—Equity Compensation” on page 40. Grant date fair value for each RSU and PRSU was determined based on assumptions as set forth in Note 14 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the respective years in which the RSUs and PRSUs were granted, and do not reflect amounts actually paid to, or realized by, our Named Executive Officers in 2019, 2018, or 2017. For further information on the RSU and PRSU grants made in 2019 (including the threshold, target, maximum and actual award level), see the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Tables—Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal Year 2019” table below. The amounts reported for the PRSU and TSR awards assume the probable outcome of the applicable performance conditions at the grant date (i.e. based on 100% of target level performance). If the PRSU and TSR awards were instead valued based on the maximum outcome of the applicable performance condition (i.e. based on 200% of target level performance), the grant date fair value of PRSU and TSR awards granted in this column for 2019 would increase as follows: Mr. Segal from $4,289,262 to $8,578,524; Ms. Gadde, from $5,307,576 to $10,615,152; Mr. Derella, from $1,234,320 to $2,468,640; and Mr. Montano, from $3,240,090 to $6,480,180.
(5)
Amounts disclosed in this column include company contributions made to our Named Executive Officers’ 401(k) account, which contribution was made to all eligible employees generally.
(6)
Mr. Segal was hired in August 2017 and appointed as our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Segal was awarded RSUs and PRSUs as part of his new hire compensation package.

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CEO Pay Ratio
The 2019 annual total compensation of our CEO, Mr. Dorsey, was $1.40, and the 2019 annual total compensation of our median compensated employee was $213,155. Accordingly, the ratio of the annual total compensation of the CEO to our median employee was less than 0.001.
We determined our median compensated employee by examining the total taxable compensation in 2019 of all employees globally, including those employed on a full-time, part-time, seasonal or temporary basis by the company or any of its consolidated subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2019, and then converted into U.S. dollars and annualized for those employees who were not employed for the entire 2019 fiscal year as our consistently applied compensation measure. The total taxable compensation was determined from information derived from tax and/or payroll records. Once we determined the median compensation employee using these measures, we calculated the employee’s 2019 annual total compensation using the same methodology that is used to calculate our CEO’s annual total compensation in the table entitled “2019 Summary Compensation Table.”
The pay ratio disclosure presented above is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. Because the SEC’s final regulations for identifying the median employee, calculating annual total compensation and determining the pay ratio allow companies to use different methodologies, exemptions, estimates and assumptions, our pay ratio disclosure may not be comparable to that reported by other companies.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards in Fiscal Year 2019
The following table sets forth information regarding grants of plan-based equity awards made to our Named Executive Officers during fiscal year 2019. We did not grant any plan-based cash awards or stock options to our Named Executive Officers during fiscal year 2019.
NAME
GRANT DATE


ESTIMATED FUTURE PAYOUTS UNDER
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS
ALL OTHER
STOCK
AWARDS:
NUMBER OF
SHARES OR
UNITS (#)
GRANT DATE
FAIR VALUE
OF STOCK
AWARDS
($)(1)
THRESHOLD
(#)
TARGET
(#)
MAXIMUM
(#)
Jack Dorsey
Ned Segal
3/5/2019(2)
40,000
1,241,200
3/5/2019(3)
0
83,400
166,800
2,587,902
3/5/2019(4)
0
55,600
111,200
1,701,360
Vijaya Gadde
3/5/2019(2)
0
 
 
65,000
2,016,950
3/5/2019(3)
0
103,200
206,400
3,202,296
3/5/2019(4)
0
68,800
137,600
 
2,105,280
Matthew Derella
3/5/2019(2)
0
146,000
4,530,380
3/5/2019(3)
0
24,000
48,000
744,720
3/5/2019(4)
0
16,000
32,000
489,600
Michael Montano
3/5/2019(2)
0
 
 
111,000
3,444,330
3/5/2019(3)
0
63,000
126,000
1,954,890
3/5/2019(4)
0
42,000
84,000
 
1,285,200
(1)
Reflects grant date fair value of RSUs and PRSUs computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Assumptions underlying the valuations are set forth in footnote 4 to the Summary Compensation Table above. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the Named Executive Officers.
(2)
Reflects the award of RSUs for such Named Executive Officers as described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions—Equity Compensation” on page 40.
(3)
Reflects the award of PRSUs at the threshold, target and maximum award levels for the 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) as described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions—Equity Compensation” on page 40. Further information on the threshold, target, maximum, and actual award level achievement of this PRSU award as well as descriptions of the performance goals for this PRSU award is further described in such section.
(4)
Reflects the award of PRSUs at the threshold, target and maximum award levels for the 2019—2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal) as described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions—Equity Compensation” on page 40. Further information on the threshold, target, maximum, and actual award level achievement of this PRSU award as well as descriptions of the performance goals for this PRSU award is further described in such section.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2019 Fiscal Year-End
The following table lists all outstanding equity awards held by our Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2019. See the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Tables—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” for information regarding the impact of certain employment termination scenarios on outstanding equity awards.
OPTION AWARDS
STOCK AWARDS
NAME
GRANT
DATE(1)
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
UNEXERCISED
OPTIONS
EXERCISABLE
(#)
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
UNEXERCISED
OPTIONS
UNEXERCISABLE
(#)
OPTION
EXERCISE
PRICE
($)(2)
OPTION
EXPIRATION
DATE
EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN
AWARDS:
NUMBER
OF
UNEARNED
SHARES,
UNITS OR
OTHER
RIGHTS
THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED
(#)
EQUITY
INCENTIVE
PLAN
AWARDS:
MARKET
OR PAYOUT
VALUE OF
SHARES,
UNITS OR
OTHER
RIGHTS
THAT
HAVE NOT
VESTED
($)(3)
Jack Dorsey
5/11/2011(4)
2,000,000
3.115
5/10/2021
Ned Segal
8/25/2017(5)
277,778
8,902,785
5/30/2018(6)
64,857
2,078,667
5/30/2018(7)
25,777
826,153
3/5/2019(8)
40,000
1,282,000
3/5/2019(9)
83,400
2,672,970
3/5/2019(10)
111,200
3,563,960
Vijaya Gadde
5/30/2018(11)
239,990
7,691,680
5/30/2018(12)
35,264
1,130,211
3/5/2019(13)
65,000
2,083,250
3/5/2019(14)
103,200
3,307,560
3/5/2019(15)
137,600
4,410,080
Matthew Derella
11/21/2016(16)
195,000
6,249,750
5/30/2018(17)
71,342
2,286,511
5/30/2018(18)
9,280
297,424
3/5/2019(19)
146,000
4,679,300
3/5/2019(20)
24,000
769,200
3/5/2019(21)
32,000
1,025,600
Michael Montano
10/25/2016(22)
2,500
80,125
4/14/2017(23)
3,640
116,662
7/27/2017(24)
105,000
3,365,250
4/4/2018(25)
83,259
2,668,451
7/26/2018(26)
125,877
4,034,358
7/26/2018(27)
121,308
3,887,921
3/5/2019(28)
111,000
3,557,550
3/5/2019(29)
63,000
2,019,150
3/5/2019(30)
84,000
2,692,200
(1)
Each of the outstanding equity awards was granted pursuant to our 2007 Plan or 2013 Plan.
(2)
The exercise price for stock options granted was the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant.

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(3)
This column represents the fair market value of the shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs and PRSUs as of December 31, 2019, based on the closing price of our common stock, as reported on the NYSE, of $32.05 per share on December 31, 2019.
(4)
All of the shares of common stock subject to this option were fully vested as of May 9, 2015.
(5)
250,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on September 1, 2018 and 44,444 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on December 1, 2018; 25% of 222,222 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on March 1, 2019, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 138,889 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on March 1, 2020 and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 138,889 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on March 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(6)
25% of 43,238 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 21,619 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(7)
PRSUs granted for 2018-2019 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the actual payout level.
(8)
25% of 40,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(9)
PRSUs granted for 2019 performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) reported at the actual payout level.
(10)
PRSUs granted for 2019-2020 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the maximum payout level.
(11)
25% of 162,162 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2020, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 51,885 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 25,943 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(12)
PRSUs granted for 2018-2019 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the actual payout level.
(13)
25% of 15,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 50,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(14)
PRSUs granted for 2019 performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) reported at the actual payout level.
(15)
PRSUs granted for 2019-2020 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the maximum payout level.
(16)
25% of 70,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2017, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 95,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2018, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 120,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2019, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 195,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2020, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(17)
25% of 47,561 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 23,781 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(18)
PRSUs granted for 2018-2019 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the actual payout level.
(19)
25% of 81,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 65,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(20)
PRSUs granted for 2019 performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) reported at the actual payout level.
(21)
PRSUs granted for 2019-2020 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the maximum payout level.
(22)
10,000 RSUs vesting ratably (6.25%) over 16 quarters with the first vest date on February 1, 2017, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(23)
3,640 RSUs vesting ratably (25%) over four quarters with the first vest date on February 1, 2020, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(24)
25% of 35,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2018, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 105,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2019, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; and 25% of 105,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2020, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(25)
33.33% of 8,127 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on May 1, 2018, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining two quarters; 25% of 7,103 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2019, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 5,170 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2020, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, 25% of 52,059 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, and 25% of 26,030 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(26)
25% of 56,863 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs vested on February 1, 2020, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, 25% of 50,350 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the
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remaining three quarters, and 25% of 18,664 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(27)
PRSU granted for 2018-2019 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the actual payout level.
(28)
25% of 37,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2021, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 37,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2022, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters; 25% of 37,000 shares of our common stock underlying the RSUs will vest on February 1, 2023, and then quarterly thereafter for the remaining three quarters, subject to continued service through each such vesting date.
(29)
PRSUs granted for 2019 performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) reported at the actual payout level.
(30)
PRSUs granted for 2019-2020 performance period (TSR performance goal) reported at the maximum payout level.
Stock Vested in 2019
The following table sets forth the number of shares of common stock acquired during 2019 by our Named Executive Officers upon the vesting of RSU and PRSU awards and the value realized upon such vesting. No stock options were exercised by any Named Executive Officer during 2019.
STOCK AWARDS
NAME
NUMBER OF
SHARES
ACQUIRED
ON VESTING (#)(1)
VALUE
REALIZED
ON VESTING ($)(2)
Jack Dorsey
Ned Segal
 301,957
 10,276,938
Vijaya Gadde
 283,013
 9,627,243
Matthew Derella
 217,446
7,712,327
Michael Montano
  222,024
  7,490,078
(1)
Reflects the aggregate number of shares of common stock underlying (i) RSU awards that vested in 2019 and (ii) PRSUs under the 2013 Plan earned for the 2017-2018 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal) and the 2018 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance goals) that vested in 2019. Of the number of shares of common stock shown for Messrs. Segal, Derella, and Montano and Ms. Gadde, 144,975, 111,468, 105,778 and 135,770, respectively, were withheld or sold to pay taxes due in connection with the vesting.
(2)
Calculated by multiplying (i) the fair market value of common stock on the vesting date, which was determined using the closing price on the NYSE of a share of common stock on the date prior to the day of vesting, or if such day falls on a weekend or holiday, on the immediately preceding trading day, by (ii) the number of shares of common stock acquired upon vesting. Of the amount shown for Messrs. Segal, Derella and Montano and Ms. Gadde, $5,327,467, $3,744,002, $3,920,345 and $4,996,312, respectively, represents net proceeds after shares withheld or sold for taxes.
Pension Benefits
Aside from our 401(k) plan, we do not maintain any pension plan or arrangement under which our Named Executive Officers are entitled to participate or receive post-retirement benefits.
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation
We do not maintain any nonqualified deferred compensation plans or arrangements under which our Named Executive Officers are entitled to participate.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control
All of our Named Executive Officers (other than Mr. Dorsey) participate in our Severance Policy, which provides standardized payments and benefits to the Named Executive Officers in the event of an Involuntary Termination either in connection with a Change of Control (“CIC”) or during normal course of business in order to make these benefits consistent among the executives who have these arrangements. The
compensation committee approves all participants under the Severance Policy and the level of benefit applicable to each participant. In the case of a Change of Control event, we believe that these arrangements assist to maximize stockholder value and maintain executive focus in the immediate period prior to, during and after the Change of Control event. We do not have any requirement to make payments simply based on the occurrence of a Change of Control (“single trigger” provisions). The Severance Policy does include a “double” trigger provision meaning that both a Change of Control and termination of employment must occur for the participant to receive the benefit. The material terms of these post-employment arrangements are set forth below, but generally each of our Named Executive Officers who signs and does not revoke our standard separation agreement and release of claims, which currently includes non-solicitation, non-disparagement and confidentiality conditions in connection with an Involuntary Termination of employment would be entitled to benefits, as specified in the participation agreement between that eligible employee and Twitter, as follows: (i) a lump sum severance payment equal to 100% of such eligible employee’s annual base

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salary in connection with a Change of Control, and a lump sum severance payment equal to 100% of such eligible employee’s annual base salary not in connection with a Change of Control, (ii) payment for up to 12 months under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (“COBRA”) premiums to continue health insurance coverage for such eligible employee and his or her eligible dependents that were covered under our healthcare plan in connection with a Change of Control, and 6 months of such premiums upon a qualifying employment termination not in connection with a Change of Control, and (iii) acceleration of vesting of 50% (or 100% in the
case of our CFO) of the shares underlying all unvested equity awards held by such eligible employee immediately prior to such Involuntary Termination in connection with a Change of Control, and at least 12.5% for all eligible employees for a qualifying employment termination not in connection with a Change of Control. The compensation committee reviews the equity acceleration percentage for each participant and will adjust as and when necessary to align with peer company practices. Mr. Dorsey declined to participate in our Severance Policy.
NAME
% OF BASE
SALARY
UPON
TERMINATION
AS A RESULT
OF A CIC
% OF
ACCELERATED
VESTING
UPON
TERMINATION
AS A RESULT
OF A CIC
% OF BASE
SALARY
UPON
TERMINATION
NOT IN
CONNECTION
WITH A CIC
% OF
ACCELERATED
VESTING
UPON
TERMINATION
NOT IN
CONNECTION
WITH A CIC
Ned Segal
100%
100%
100%
12.5%
Vijaya Gadde
100%
50%
100%
12.5%
Matthew Derella
100%
50%
100%
12.5%
Michael Montano
100%
50%
100%
12.5%
“Involuntary Termination” means a termination of employment by Twitter other than for Cause, death or disability or a termination of employment by the employee for Good Reason.
“Good Reason” means termination of employment within thirty (30) days following the “notice and cure period” in the next paragraph following the occurrence of one or more of the following events, without the employee’s express written consent: (a) a material adverse change in the nature or scope of the employee’s authority, powers, functions, duties, responsibilities, or reporting relationship (including ceasing to directly report to the chief executive officer or board of directors of a publicly traded entity, as applicable); (b) a material reduction by Twitter in the employee’s rate of annual base salary; (c) the failure of Twitter to continue any material compensation plan in which the employee is participating, unless the employee is permitted to participate in other plans providing the employee with substantially comparable compensation-related benefits, or the taking of any action by Twitter which would adversely affect the employee’s participation in or materially reduce the employee’s compensation-related benefits under any such plan; or (d) the failure of Twitter to obtain from any successor or transferee of Twitter an express written and unconditional assumption of Twitter’s obligations under the Severance Policy.
Employment may be terminated by the employee for Good Reason only if an event or circumstance set forth in the Good Reason definitions as specified in (a) through (d) above shall have occurred and the employee provides Twitter with written notice thereof within ninety (90) days after the employee has knowledge of the occurrence or existence of such event or
circumstance, which notice shall specifically identify the event or circumstance that the employee believes constitutes Good Reason, Twitter fails to correct the circumstance or event so identified within thirty (30) days after the receipt of such notice, and the employee resigns after the expiration of the cure period referenced in the preceding clause.
“Cause” means (a) the unauthorized use or disclosure of Twitter’s confidential information or trade secrets, which use or disclosure causes material harm to Twitter; (b) the breach of any agreement between the employee and Twitter; (c) the failure to comply with Twitter’s written policies or rules, including its code of conduct; (d) the conviction of, or plea of “guilty” or “no contest” to, a felony under the laws of the United States or any state thereof; (e) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of the employee’s duties; (f) the continuing failure to perform assigned duties after receiving written notification of the failure from the board of directors (or for eligible employees other than the Chief Executive Officer, from the Chief Executive Officer); or (g) the failure to cooperate in good faith with a governmental or internal investigation of Twitter or its directors, officers or employees, if Twitter has requested cooperation; provided, however, that “Cause” will not be deemed to exist in the event of subsections (b), (c) or (f) above unless the employee has been provided with (i) 30 days’ written notice by the board of directors or the act or omission constituting “Cause” and (ii) 30 days’ opportunity to cure such act or omission, if capable of cure.
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“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:
A.  Change in Ownership of Twitter. A change in the ownership of Twitter which occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group (“Person”), acquires ownership of the stock of Twitter that, together with the stock held by such Person, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of Twitter; provided, however, that the acquisition of additional stock by any one Person who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the stock of Twitter will not be considered a Change of Control; or
B.  Change in Effective Control of Twitter. If Twitter has a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, a change in the effective control of Twitter which occurs on the date that a majority of members of the board of directors is replaced during any 12 month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the board of directors prior to the date of the appointment or election. For purposes of this clause (B), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of Twitter, the acquisition of additional control of Twitter by the same Person will not be considered a Change of Control; or
C.  Change in Ownership of a Substantial Portion of Twitter’s Assets. A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of Twitter’s assets which occurs on the date that any Person acquires (or has acquired during the 12 month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from Twitter that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than 50% of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of Twitter immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions;
provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection, the following will not constitute a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of Twitter’s assets: (i) a transfer to an entity that is controlled by Twitter’s stockholders immediately after the transfer, or (ii) a transfer of assets by Twitter to: (a) a stockholder of Twitter (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to Twitter’s stock, (b) an entity, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by Twitter, (c) a Person, that owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of Twitter, or (d) an entity, at least fifty percent (50%) of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a Person.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed a Change of Control unless the transaction qualifies as a change of control event within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.
The table below outlines the estimated amount of payments and benefits that we would provide to our Named Executive Officers assuming that their employment was terminated as of December 31, 2019 (including in connection with a Change of Control) and the price per share of common stock was $32.05, the closing market price on December 31, 2019 (the last trading day of 2019).
The employment of the Named Executive Officers did not actually terminate on December 31, 2019, nor did Twitter incur a Change of Control on December 31, 2019. As a result, the Named Executive Officers did not receive any of the amounts shown in the table below. The actual amounts to be paid to a Named Executive Officer in connection with a termination event or a Change of Control event can only be determined at the time of such termination event.

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Each Named Executive Officer is entitled to receive amounts earned during the term of employment regardless of the manner of termination. These amounts include accrued base salary and other employee benefits to which the Named Executive Officer was entitled on the date of termination and are not shown in the table below. None of our Named Executive Officers are currently entitled to retirement benefits or additional benefits upon voluntary termination, death or disability.
EXECUTIVE
PAYMENT ELEMENTS
INVOLUNTARY
TERMINATION
AS A RESULT OF
A CIC ($)
INVOLUNTARY
TERMINATION NOT IN
CONNECTION WITH A
CIC ($)
Ned Segal
Salary
600,000
600,000
PRSUs (1)
5,167,165
645,896
RSUs
12,263,452
1,532,931
Health Coverage (2)
28,142
14,017
Total
18,058,759
2,792,898
Vijaya Gadde
Salary
600,000
600,000
PRSUs (1)
3,243,460
810,865
RSUs
4,887,465
1,221,866
Health Coverage (2)
27,487
13,744
Total
8,758,412
2,646,475
Matthew Derella
Salary
600,000
600,000
PRSUs (1)
769,200
192,300
RSUs
6,607,781
1,651,945
Health Coverage (2)
27,918
13,959
Total
8,004,899
2,458,204
Michael Montano
Salary
600,000
600,000
PRSUs (1)
3,358,455
839,614
RSUs
6,911,198
1,727,799
Health Coverage (2)
9,128
4,564
Total
10,878,781
3,171,977
(1)
Represents conversion of target number of PRSUs into RSUs on a one for one basis pursuant to the terms of the Severance Policy. Includes PRSUs under the 2013 Plan at the target award level for the 2019 fiscal year performance period (Revenue and Operating Income performance goals) and 2019-2020 fiscal year performance period (TSR performance goal) as described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Pay and 2019 Compensation Decisions—Equity Compensation” on page 40.
(2)
Represents six months of Twitter-paid insurance coverage under COBRA in the case of an Involuntary Termination not associated with a CIC and twelve months of Twitter paid insurance coverage in the case of an Involuntary Termination associated with a CIC.
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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The following table gives information about shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019, including our Twitter, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). No warrants are outstanding under any of the foregoing plans. We refer to these plans collectively as our “Equity Compensation Plans.”
PLAN CATEGORY
(A) NUMBER OF
SECURITIES TO BE
ISSUED UPON
EXERCISE OF
OUTSTANDING
OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND
RIGHTS
(B) WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
OF OUTSTANDING
OPTIONS,
WARRANTS AND
RIGHTS
(C) NUMBER OF
SECURITIES
REMAINING
AVAILABLE FOR
FUTURE ISSUANCE
UNDER EQUITY
COMPENSATION
PLANS
(EXCLUDING
SECURITIES
REFLECTED IN
COLUMN (A))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    36,266,939(1)
$10.27(2)
  241,429,950(3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4)
148,881
$1.34
Total
 36,415,820
$ 9.84
241,429,950
(1)
This amount includes the following shares that may be issued under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”), 2013 Plan and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”):
shares that may be issued in connection with outstanding stock options; and
shares that may be issued in connection with stock awards.
(2)
Indicates a weighted average price for 3,078,299 outstanding options under our 2007 Plan and 2013 Plan. It does not take into account the shares of our common stock underlying RSUs and PRSUs, which have no exercise price.
(3)
As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 198,359,350 shares remained available for issuance under the 2013 Plan and 2016 Plan and 43,070,600 shares remained available for future issuance under the Purchase Plan. Permissible awards under the 2013 Plan and 2016 Plan include incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares. In addition, our 2013 Plan provides that on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2014 and ending in (and including) 2023, the number of shares available for issuance thereunder is automatically increased by a number equal to the least of (i) 60,000,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such other amount as our board of directors may determine. Our Purchase Plan provides that on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2014 and ending in (and including) 2033, the number of shares available for issuance thereunder is automatically increased by a number equal to the least of (i) 11,300,000 shares, (ii) 1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such other amount as our board of directors may determine. On January 1, 2020, the number of shares available for issuance under our 2013 Plan and our Purchase Plan increased by 38,980,970 shares and 7,796,194 shares, respectively, pursuant to these provisions. These increases are not reflected in the table above.
(4)
Includes shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options under the following plans which have been assumed by us in connection with certain of our acquisition transactions: Afterlive.tv Inc. 2010 Stock Plan, Bluefin Labs, Inc. 2008 Stock Plan, CardSpring Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, Crashlytics, Inc. 2011 Stock Plan, Gnip, Inc. 2008 Incentive Plan, as amended, Magic Pony Technology Limited EMI Share Option Scheme, MoPub Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, Smyte Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan, and TellApart, Inc. 2009 Stock Plan.

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock as of the Record Date for:
each of our directors and nominees for director;
each of our Named Executive Officers;
all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and
each person or group who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and thus it represents sole or shared voting or investment power with respect to our securities. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares that they beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable.
We have based our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership on 784,629,121 shares of our common stock outstanding as of the Record Date. We have deemed shares of our common stock subject to stock options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date or issuable pursuant to RSUs and PRSUs which are subject to vesting conditions expected to occur within 60 days of the Record Date to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the stock option, RSU or PRSU for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person. We did not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Twitter, Inc., 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103. The information provided in the table is based on our records, information filed with the SEC and information provided to us, except where otherwise noted.
NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER
NUMBER OF
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY
OWNED
PERCENTAGE
OF
SHARES
BENEFICIALLY
OWNED
Named Executive Officers and Directors:
 
 
Jack Dorsey(1)
18,042,428
2.30%
Omid R. Kordestani(2)
1,311,044
*
Ned Segal(3)
324,245
*
Vijaya Gadde(4)
514,837
*
Matthew Derella(5)
50,007
*
Michael Montano(6)
296,553
*
Jesse Cohn(7)
0
*
Egon Durban(8)
1,791
*
Martha Lane Fox(9)
26,218
*
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala(10)
11,128
*
Patrick Pichette(11)
14,309
*
David Rosenblatt(12)
95,374
*
Bret Taylor(13)
42,900
*
Robert Zoellick(14)
10,859
*
All executive officers and directors as a group (14 persons)(15)
20,741,693
2.64%
Other 5% Stockholders:
 
 
The Vanguard Group(16)
81,089,227
​10.33%
BlackRock, Inc.(17)
51,753,333
 6.60%
Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc.(18)
46,005,326
5.86%
*
Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of our common stock.
(1)
Consists of (i) 13,704,901 shares held of record by the Jack Dorsey Revocable Trust dated December 8, 2010, for which Mr. Dorsey serves as trustee, (ii) 2,337,527 shares held of record by the Jack Dorsey 2010 Remainder Trust, for which Mr. Dorsey serves as trustee and (iii) 2,000,000 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock options which are exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.
(2)
Consists of (i) 511,044 shares held of record by Mr. Kordestani and (ii) 800,000 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock options which are exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date, all of which are fully vested.
(3)
Consists of (i) 289,523 shares held of record by Mr. Segal and (ii) 34,722 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
(4)
Consists of (i) 474,296 shares held of record by Ms. Gadde and (ii) 40,541 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(5)
Consists of (i) 1,257 shares held of record by Mr. Derella and (ii) 48,750 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(6)
Consists of (i) 253,259 shares held of record by Mr. Montano and (ii) 43,294 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(7)
Mr. Cohn was appointed to our board of directors on April 7, 2020.
(8)
Consists of 1,791 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(9)
Consists of (i) 24,704 shares held of record by Ms. Lane Fox and (ii) 1,514 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(10)
Consists of (i) 9,546 shares held of record by Dr. Okonjo-Iweala and (ii) 1,582 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(11)
Consists of (i) 12,795 shares held of record by Mr. Pichette and (ii) 1,514 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(12)
Consists of (i) 93,860 shares held of record by Mr. Rosenblatt (ii) 1,514 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(13)
Consists of (i) 40,982 shares held of record by Mr. Taylor and (ii) 1,918 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(14)
Consists of (i) 9,345 shares held of record by Mr. Zoellick and (ii) 1,514 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(15)
Consists of (i) 17,763,039 shares held of record by our current directors and executive officers, (ii) 2,800,000 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock options which are exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date, all of which are fully vested and (iii) 178,654 shares issuable upon vesting of RSUs within 60 days of the Record Date.
(16)
According to the information reported by The Vanguard Group (“Vanguard”) on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 12, 2020, Vanguard beneficially owns an aggregate of 81,089,227 shares, which consists of (i) 1,180,486 shares as to which it has sole voting power, (ii) 200,890 shares as to which it has shared voting power, (iii) 79,772,970 shares as to which it has sole dispositive power and (iv) 1,316,257 shares as to which it has shared dispositive power. The address of Vanguard is 100 Vanguard Blvd, Malvern, PA 19355.
(17)
According to the information reported by BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 10, 2020, BlackRock beneficially owns an aggregate of 51,753,333 shares, which consists of (i) 45,476,894 shares as to which it has sole voting power and (ii) 51,753,333 shares as to which it has sole dispositive power. The address of BlackRock is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.
(18)
According to the information reported by Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc. on a Schedule 13G/A jointly filed with the SEC on February 13, 2020, (i) Morgan Stanley beneficially owns an aggregate of 46,005,326 shares, which consists of (A) 40,314,970 shares as to which it has shared voting power and (B) 46,005,326 shares as to which it has shared dispositive power and (ii) Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc. beneficially owns an aggregate of 45,978,233 shares, which consists of (A) 40,291,123 shares as to which it has shared voting power and (B) 45,978,233 shares as to which it has shared dispositive power. The address of Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc. is 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036.

TWITTER, INC. / 2020 Proxy Statement
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS
We describe below transactions and series of similar transactions, since the beginning of our last fiscal year, to which we were a party or will be a party, in which:
the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000; and
any of our directors, nominees for director, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our outstanding capital stock, or any immediate family member of, or person sharing the household with, any of these individuals or entities, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Jack Dorsey, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors, also serves as a director and President and Chief Executive Officer of Square, Inc. (“Square”). During the year ended December 31, 2019, Square purchased approximately $1,000,000 of advertising services from us, including direct purchases and purchases through agencies. Our audit committee reviewed and approved these purchases pursuant to our related person transactions policy. Square may continue to purchase services from us in the future.
In October 2019, we entered into an agreement with Square pursuant to which Square will pay Twitter for certain security services provided by Twitter when Jack Dorsey is acting on behalf of Square or on behalf of both companies. Payments will be based on an agreed-upon hourly rate. We did not receive any payments under this agreement in 2019. Our audit committee reviewed and approved this agreement pursuant to our related person transactions policy.
The sister of Vijaya Gadde, our Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, is employed by us as Senior Manager, MoPub. Her annual salary and other cash compensation is approximately $275,000, and she receives benefits consistent with other employees serving in the same capacity. In addition, she received grants totaling 2,721 RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Other than as described above, since January 1, 2019, we have not entered into any transactions, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, between us and a related person where the
amount involved exceeds, or would exceed, $120,000, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. We believe the terms of the transactions described above were comparable to terms we could have obtained in arm’s-length dealings with unrelated third parties.
Policies and Procedures for Related Person Transactions
Our audit committee has the primary responsibility for reviewing and approving or ratifying related person transactions. We have a formal written policy providing that a related person transaction is any transaction between us and an executive officer, director, nominee for director, beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, in which such party has a direct or indirect material interest and the aggregate amount involved exceeds $120,000. In reviewing any related person transaction, our audit committee is to consider the relevant facts and circumstances available to our audit committee, including, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances, and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction. Our audit committee has determined that certain transactions will be deemed to be pre-approved by our audit committee, including certain executive officer and director compensation, transactions with another company at which a related person’s only relationship is as a non-executive employee, director or beneficial owner of less than 10% of that company’s shares and the aggregate amount involved does not exceed the greater of $200,000 or 2% of the company’s total revenues, transactions where a related person’s interest arises solely from the ownership of our common stock and all holders of our common stock received the same benefit on a pro rata basis, and transactions available to all employees generally. If advance approval of a transaction is not feasible, the chair of our audit committee may approve the transaction and the transaction may be ratified by our audit committee in accordance with our formal written policy.
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OTHER MATTERS
Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report and SEC Filings
Our financial statements for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which we will make available to stockholders at the same time as this proxy statement. This proxy statement and our annual report are posted on our website at https://investor.twitterinc.com and are available from the SEC at its website at https://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain a copy of our annual report without charge by sending a written request to Twitter, Inc., Attention: Investor Relations, 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This proxy statement contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this proxy statement include, but are not limited to, statements about Twitter’s future financial and operating performance, expectations regarding its strategies, product, and business plans, including its revenue and operational priorities, product initiatives, and product experiments; strategies for improving safety and expectations regarding the application of its abuse rules.
*  *  *
The board of directors does not know of any other matters to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If any additional matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting, the persons named in the enclosed proxy card will have discretion to vote the shares of our common stock they represent in accordance with their own judgment on such matters.
It is important that your shares of our common stock be represented at the Annual Meeting, regardless of the number of shares that you hold. You are, therefore, urged to vote by telephone or by using the Internet as instructed on the enclosed proxy card or execute and return, at your earliest convenience, the enclosed proxy card in the envelope that has also been provided.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
San Francisco, California
April 15, 2020

TWITTER, INC. / 2020 Proxy Statement
59


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