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amended, superseded or replaced in its entirety by subsequent summaries. When making an investment decision, any prospective investor should rely solely on the relevant transaction documentation, which will contain the final terms and
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and its affiliates, including RBC Capital Markets, LLC (member FINRA, NYSE and SIPC); RBC Dominion Securities Inc. (member IIROC and CIPF); Royal Bank of Canada - Sydney Branch (ABN 86 076 940 880); RBC Capital Markets (Hong Kong) Limited
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Regulation Authority.)Royal Bank of Canada has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC for the offerings to which this document relates. Before you invest, you should read those documents and the other documents
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of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under license. All rights reserved.Important Information About the Historical Performance of the IndexThe Index was launched on February 18, 2019. Accordingly, all of the information about the performance of the
Index prior to that date is based on hypothetical back-tested information.The hypothetical performance of the Index is based on criteria that have been applied retroactively with the benefit of hindsight; these criteria cannot account for all
financial risk that may affect the actual performance of the Index in the future. The future performance of the Index may vary significantly from the hypothetical performance data in this document. For example, not all of the futures
contracts and ETFs upon which the Index is based existed during all the periods shown; accordingly, we have used other related financial assets for those periods, when needed. In addition, please note that the back-tested performance of the
Index set forth in this document does not reflect the deduction of any fees and charges that would be applicable to a financial instrument that references the Index.For the full Index methodology, please visit the following link:
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