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El origen de la Bolsa como institución data de finales del siglo XV en las ferias medievales de la Europa Occidental. En esas ferias se inició la práctica de las transacciones de valores mobiliarios y títulos. El término "bolsa" tiene lugar en Bélgica con la familia de banqueros Van Der Bursen, en cuyo palacio se organizó un mercado de títulos valores.
Las bolsas de valores existen en casi todos los países con la particularidad de que unas pueden tener mayor influencia que otras a nivel internacional. Las Bolsas de Valores son mercados organizados y especializados, en los que se negocian públicamente la compra y la venta de títulos de renta fija y variable, valores como acciones, bonos, futuros, obligaciones, comodities a través de intermediarios autorizados como lo son las Casas de Bolsa.
Las Bolsas ofrecen al público y a sus miembros las facilidades, los mecanismos e instrumentos técnicos para la negociación de títulos y valores listados por una oferta pública, a precios determinados mediante una subasta. Una vez que un título ingresa al mercado, estas negociaciones se transan en el mercado primario o en el mercado secundario.
Las bolsas de valores cuentan con un indicador bursátil principal representativo de su mercado de valores que se conforma por la selección de un grupo de compañías que cumplen con criterios específicos de capitalización y liquidez.
La Bolsa de Estados Unidos tiene lugar cuando en 1792 un grupo de veinticuatro prominentes corredores y comerciantes de Wall Street (NYSE) firman el acuerdo de Buttonwood, en el que acordaron la negociación de valores sobre base común de comisión. En 1842, se estableció el New York Curb Exchange, que en 1953 tomara su nombre de The American Stock Exchange (AMEX).
En 1971 fue creada NASDAQ de sus siglas en inglés “National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotations”, (Asociación Nacional de Agentes Operadores de Acciones según Cotizaciones Automáticas), es el mercado de valores de EE.UU. que funciona fuera de las Bolsas de Valores sobre una base electrónica con más de 3.800 compañías y corporaciones y con más volumen de transacciones por hora que cualquier otra bolsa de valores del mundo.
Entre las bolsas del mercado de valores de América Latina prominentes, destaca la Bolsa de Brasil por ser la séptima más grande del mundo dado el valor de su mercado e intercambios de su acciones estimado en más de 1220 millones de reales hasta el 2004, y bolsa líder en Latinoamérica que fuera fundada en 1890 y localizada en la ciudad Sao Paulo. En orden de importancia le sigue la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores fundada en 1894 cuenta con un valor de capitalización estimado en 435 millones de dólares al cierre de enero de 2011.
La Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires fundada en 1854 se encuentra ubicada en Buenos Aires, e indexa a 134 empresas, cuyo principal índice es el MERVAL de Buenos Aires. Por otro lado está el Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA) que nace de fusión de las Bolsas de Valores de Perú, Colombia y Chile. Convirtiéndose en la primera plaza bursátil de la región con mayor número de emisores (562); el segundo, por capitalización bursátil estimada en $615 mil millones de dólares al cierre del primer trimestre de 2011.
En mercado europeo de valores, las bolsas principales de referencia en el mundo son las Bolsas de Londres, París y Frankfort, quedando el resto de las siete bolsas europeas relevantes, la Bolsa de Milán, la Bolsa de Copenhague, la Bolsa de Zurich y la Bolsa de Madrid.
La Bolsa de Londres fundada en 1801, es una de las bolsas de valores más grandes del mundo por el número de empresas adscritas a ella. La Bolsa de Frankfurt 1946, la tercera en el mundo después de la bolsa NYSE y el Nasdaq y la más grande de las siete bolsas que existen en Alemania con un 90% de las operaciones bursátiles de Alemania. Pertenece y es gestionada por Deutsche Borse AG. La Bolsa de Paris fundada en 1724 es la principal Bolsa de Valores de Francia perteneciente al el primer mercado bursátil integrado de Europa y parael 2000 se le conoce como la Euronext París.
En el mercado de valores de Asia se encuentra la prominente Bolsa de Tokio fundada en 1878 siendo la segunda bolsa de valores más grande del mundo en paralelo con la Bolsa de Valores de Sao Paulo por capitalización bursátil. En tanto que la Bolsa de Shanghái es la más grande del mercado de valores de China Continental fundada en 1990. Siguiendo en orden de relevancia, la Bolsa de Hong Kong fundad en 1891 siendo una de las ocho bolsas más importante a nivel mundial.
The NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is a major US stock exchange. Founded in 1971, NASDAQ is the second largest stock exchange by market capitalisation in the world, the largest being the NYSE.
The NASDAQ is owned by the NASDAQ OMX Group, which also owns eight other exchanges located in Europe and Scandinavia. Over 2,600 companies are listed on the NASDAQ. These are generally companies that develop and manufacture technnology products - like the NASDAQ itself (NASDAQ:NDAQ), listed on its own market since 2002.
The total market cap of all stocks listed on the NASDAQ was around $6 trillion at the start of 2014. $800 to 900 billion worth of stock is traded monthly.
The American Stock Exchange (or AMEX) is the third-largest stock exchange in the USA based on traded volume. It is situated in New York and the majority of trades occurring on the exchange are on small-cap stocks, ETFs and derivatives.
NYSE Euronext acquired AMEX in 2008 and consequently AMEX became NYSE Amex Equities in 2009. In 2010, it's name was once again changed to NYSE MKT LLC.
Trading hours for NYSE MKT are weekdays, 9:30am – 4pm (Eastern Time)
The New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, can trace its roots back to 17 May 1792 with the Buttonwood Agreement. The agreement was signed by 24 New York stockbrokers in the shade of a buttonwood tree and marked the founding of the New York Stock & Exchange Board. The exchange operated out of the Tontine Coffee House until 1817.
The combined market cap of all stocks listed on the NYSE exceeds $16trillion. This includes companies like Boeing, IBM, McDonalds, Verizon and WalMart.
The New York Stock Exchange building is located on New York's Wall Street, a street that has become synonymous with the stock market.
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Dow Jones Industrial Average is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest companies in the US.
It's one of the oldest and most significant indexes in the world. Traded on the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange DJIA includes the companies like Boeing, Microsoft, and Coca- Cola.
The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is the world's largest commodity futures exchange operated by CME Group of Chicago.
Trading is conducted through two divisions: the NYMEX division, which is home to the energy, platinum and palladium markets, and the COMEX division where metals like gold, silver and copper are traded.
NYMEX is often referred to as "The Merc".
COMEX, previously known as Commodity Exchange Inc, is a commodities exchange which is own owned by the CME Group.
The COMEX is the world's largest physical exchange which provides marketplaces for trading futures and options in base metals (e.g. copper and aluminium) and precious metals (e.g. Gold, Silver and Platinum).
Normal trading hours on the COMEX are unique for each futures contract, but generally the electronic trading takes place between Sunday- Friday 18:00 – 17:15 ET
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (also known as The CME, or The Merc) is the second-largest futures and options exchange in the world and the largest in the United States. It operates out of Chicago in the United States, and is a part of the CME Group.
It's trading volume consists primarily of futures on interest rates, currency, equities, indices, and agricultural product.
FTSE Indices are provided and calculated by the FTSE Group, giving indications of full market and individual sector performance for many stock markets around the world.
Markets covered by the FTSE include the London Stock Exchange (the FTSE 100 being the main index), Borsa Italiana (FTSE MIB) and the Athens Stock Exchange (ATHEX 20).
FTSE stands for Financial Times Stock Exchange, a hint to its history, tracable back to 1935 and the Financial News 30 index. The index was printed daily in the Financial News newspaper, until the paper merged with the Financial Times in 1945 and it was renamed the Financial Times 30 (or FT 30) index.
There are now over 600 FTSE indices available in real-time, with some 200,000 others calculated less frequently.
Indices cannot be traded directly, however there are ways for investors to make money from their movements, for instance via spreadbetting or by trading ETFs based on index prices.
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La Bolsa de Valores de Londres es una de las más importantes entre los mercado de valores del mundo por su antigüedad y el número de sus operaciones tanto de compañías británicas incluyendo unas 1800 e internacionales unas 500. El índice principal de esta bolsa es el FTSE 100, el “Footsie” compuesto por las 100 compañías de más alta capitalización que cotizan en la bolsa de Londres representado el 81% de la capitalización de todo el mercado de valores.
Euronext is an exchange which operates out of Amsterdam, Brussels, London, Lisbon and Paris.
Euronext has around 1,300 listings, providing cash and derivatives markets totalling approximately €2.6 Trillon market capitalization. These include: equities, ETFs, warrants and certificates, bonds, derivatives, commodities and indices. It also produces listing market data, custody and settlement services.
Trading hours for Euronext are weekdays, 09:00-17:30 CET
The Forex market is a global decentralized financial market for the currencies exchange. It is geographically dispersed and as a result attracts traders from all over the world. In addition to that it allows for trading 24 hours a day except on weekends providing huge volume and liquidity. Being the largest asset class its estimated daily trade is over £3.9 trillion.
The main players of FOREX market are Commercial Banks, Governments and other financial institutions. Dealers and individuals are also playing a big role in this market.
The foreign exchange transaction is the process of buying currency of one country with the currency of another country. Currency traders buy and sell currencies in the hope of profiting when one or the other going either up or down. Most of the Forex transactions are speculative which means companies or individuals are not planning to actually deliver the currency at the end. Instead they are solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency.
All transactions are conducted Over – The – Counter (OTC) which means the transactions are made via computer networks among traders around the world.
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El Toronto Stock Exchange, también conocido como el TSX, es el mercado más grande de Canadá. Es una empresa parte del grupo TMX, quien también es dueño del mercado TSX Venture.
El mercado fue fundado desde el año 1861 y ha ido creciendo constantemente hasta tener 1501 empresas emisoras en el año 2014. Su capitalización de mercado en total es de 2.575 billones de dólares canadienses.
El mercado emite acciones principalmente pero también incluye otro tipo de notas como ETFs, fondos de inversión, y fideicomisos. El mercado es conocido principalmente por su liderazgo en el sector de minería, petróleo, y gas. Este tiene más empresas de estos sectores que cualquier otro mercado en el mundo.
El TSX opera jornadas de operaciones normales de 9:30am a 4:00pm (Horario Estándar del Este) y Sus operaciones de “After Market” se registran de 4:15pm hasta las 5:00pm (Horario Estándar del Este).
Sus días de operación normal son de Lunes a Viernes.
El TSXV o también conocido como el TSX Venture Exchange es un Mercado bursátil canadiense con sede en Calgary, Alberta.
El mercado era previamente conocido como el Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX) antes de que sea adquirido por el grupo TMX, quien también es dueño del mercado TSX.
Todos sus intercambios son completamente electrónicos, por lo cual no existe un piso de operaciones en el mercado.
El mercado ya cuenta con una capitalización de mercado alrededor de los 61 mil millones de dólares.
Las jornadas normales del TSXV son de 9:30am a 4:00pm (Horario Estándar del Este) y sus operaciones de “After Market” se registran de 4:15pm hasta las 5:00pm (Horario Estándar del Este).
Sus días de operación normal son de Lunes a Viernes, con excepción a los días festivos previamente anunciados.
The DAX (also known as the DAX 30) is an index which represents 30 of the largest, most liquid German stocks listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It was started in 1987 with a based value of 1,000.
The DAX derives its prices from the Xetra Trading System, and is calculated as a combination of index weightings and volume traded.
It is calculated weekdays between 9am and 5:45pm CET.
The Athens Stock Exchange (ASE or ATHEX) is a stock exchange situated in Athens, Greece. It was subsidiary of Hellenic Exchanges S.A. with which it merged in December 2013.
ATHEX provides markets for securities(including stocks, bonds and ETFs), derivatives, Alternative market, carbon market (for European Union Allowances), as well as Over The Counter (OTC).
Trading hours for ATHEX are 10am – 5pm (GMT+3)
For the first time, there are truly comparable indexes across Europe.
All the Cboe Europe Equity Benchmarks have the same starting point of 10,000 with the same rules and methodology and use the same price and corporate action data—making them ideal for accurate comparison and trend analysis.
Cboe's Equity Benchmarks are a set of 57 European indexes including single country and regional indexes.
For more information see https://www.cboe.com/indexeurope.
A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange using cryptography to secure the transactions and to control the creation of additional units of the currency. Cryptocurrencies are a subset of alternative currencies, or specifically of digital currencies.
Bitcoin became the first decentralized cryptocurrency in 2009. Since then, numerous cryptocurrencies have been created. These are frequently called altcoins, as a blend of bitcoin alternative. Bitcoin and its derivatives use decentralized control as opposed to centralized electronic money/centralized banking systems. The decentralized control is related to the use of bitcoin's blockchain transaction database in the role of a distributed ledger.
Known in Japanese as 株式会社東京商品取引所 and often abbreviated to TOCOM, the Tokyo Commodities Exchange is unusual amongst exchanges in that it is a non-profit organisation.
The exchange was founded in 1984 with the merger of the Tokyo Gold, Rubber and Textile exchanges. Gold and rubber contracts are still traded, but textiles are no longer listed on TOCOM.
The exchange has expanded in recent years to include futures contracts for Palladium, Platinum and Silver, as well as Crude Oil, Gasoline, Kerosene and selected softs including Corn, Soybeans and Sugar.
TOCOM also lists Azuki futures (sometimes spelt Adzuki), a bean not well known in the west used in Japanese, Korean and Chinese cookery and confections.
ADVFN provide streaming prices for TOCOM futures & options.
The BM&F BOVESPA (or Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias & Futuros de São Paulo) is a securities, commodities and futures exchange located in São Paulo, Brazil. It is one of the largest exchanges in the world in terms of market capitalization, and the largest exchange in Latin America.
BM&F BOVESPA was created in 2008 as a result of a merger of BM&F (Brazil's main dervative exchange) and Bovespa (Brazil's main stock exchange). It is no the sole securities exchange in Brazil.
Trading hours for BM&F Bovespa are weekdays, 10am-5pm (GMT -3)
The Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) is the national stock exchange of the Philippines. It's one of the longest established stock exchanges in Southeast Asia, having been set up in 1927. The PSE currently has more than 260 listed companies with a total market capitalization of more than USD$300 billion.
The PSE Composite Index, commonly known as the PSEi, is the main index of the Philippine Stock Exchange. The PSEi, made up of the thirty largest PSE companies, is a closely watched index in the Philippines, and is also seen as one of the wider indicators on the general state of the Philippine economy.
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange, also known as Börse Frankfurt, Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse, or simply FWB is Germany's primary stock exchange, the world's tenth largest with a combined market cap for its listed companies of around €16 trillion.
BATS Chi-X Europe is a pan-European Recognised Investment Exchange (RIE). It is the largest European equity exchange in terms of market share and value traded. It is based in London, England.
BATS Chi-X Europe came into existence in 2011, after the merger between the two Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs) called BATS Europe and Chi-X Europe.
Currently BATS Chi-X Europe offers trading in around 3,600 securities in 15 of Europe's markets, with continuous trading for Chi-X Europe takes place between 8am-4:30pm (London Time).
The BM&F BOVESPA (or Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias & Futuros de São Paulo) is a securities, commodities and futures exchange located in São Paulo, Brazil. It is one of the largest exchanges in the world in terms of market capitalization, and the largest exchange in Latin America.
BM&F BOVESPA was created in 2008 as a result of a merger of BM&F (Brazil's main dervative exchange) and Bovespa (Brazil's main stock exchange). It is now the sole securities exchange in Brazil.
Trading hours for BM&F Bovespa are weekdays, 10am-5pm (GMT -3)
The Borsa Italiana (or BIT) is a stock exchange located in Milan, Italy. The exchange also goes by the name Milan Stock Exchange or sometimes Piazza Affari (“Business Square”). Following a merger in 2007, the Borsa Italiana became a part of the London Stock Exchange group, and is Italy's largest stock market.
The BIT has 5 parts which are: 1) The MTA (Mercato Telematico Azionario) which is where shares, convertible bonds, warrants and option rights are traded; 2) The STAR, which is a segment of the MTA dedicated to companies with a market cap of less than €1 Billion; 3) MTA International which is dedicated to non Italian issued shares with existing listing on other EU regulated markets; 4) The MIV (Market for Investment Vehicles), which lists investment vehicles such as closed-end funds, REICs and SIVs.
Trading hours for the BIT are weekdays, 9:00am-5:25pm (local time)
Borsa Italiana is the main Italian stock exchange. The Exchange is based in Milan and is also known as "Piazza Affari" from the square where it's located. Almost 300 companies are listed on the Italian Stock Exchange. In 2007 Borsa Italiana became part of the London Stock Exchange Group. The main index of the Milan Stock Exchange is called FTSE MIB and it measure the performances of the 40 highest capitalisation listed on the exchange.
The Bolsa Mexicana de Volores (or BMV, or The Mexican Stock Exchange) is a stock exchange operating from Mexico City, Mexico. It is the only Stock Exchange in Mexico, and is the second largest stock exchange in Latin America.
BMV provides a market for securities, including: stocks, debentures, government and corporate bonds, warrants and other derivatives.
Trading hours for the BMV are weekdays: 8:30am-3pm (local time). for the capital markets; and 8am to 2:30pm (local time) for debt instruments.
El ASX o el Australian Stock Exchange es el mercado de valores principal de Australia.
El mercado cuenta ya con una capitalización alrededor de 1.6 billones de dólares australianos, uno de los más grandes del mundo.
El grupo ASX es la empresa propietaria y controladora del mercado.
Sus jornadas de operaciones normales corren de 10:am hasta las 4:00pm (Horario Australiano del Este), la subasta de preapertura se lleva a cabo desde las 7:00am hasta las 10:00am y tiene una corta subasta de 4:10pm a 4:12pm al final del día.
El mercado abre diariamente de lunes a viernes excepto a los días festivos anunciados previamente por la institución.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange or TSE for short is largest stock exchange in Japan. It has 2,414 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of £2.63 trillion as of April 2015.
The exchange hosts the largest and best-known Japanese giants with a global presence, including Toyota, Honda and Mitsubishi.
The acronym TSE for the Tokyo Stocks Exchange should not be confused with Canada's Toronto Stock Exchange which is know as TSX.
NEX Exchange is the new name for ISDX (formerly Plus Markets and OFEX). However, it’s more than just a name change and NEX believes that it offers a compelling alternative for companies thinking about coming to the public market. In addition to bringing equity offerings to NEX Exchange, SMEs can also raise and admit debt onto the platform. There is big investor appetite for debt products at the moment, where the principal sum is protected and yields are reasonable, especially in the current, low-interest environment.
Learn about the benefits of joining NEX
As well as the ability to see Level 2 data for the 504 AIM securities also registered for trading on our NEX Exchange Trading segment, NEX is home to 85 primary listings, including bonds and debentures which investors won’t find on AIM and household names such as Shepherd Neame, Chapel Down & Adnams.
With the same regulatory benefits as AIM, retail investors can benefit from CGT, IHT and Stamp Duty reliefs and a number of Growth Market securities are EIS eligible.
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