BRG Bluerock Residential Growth REIT Inc

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Maryland. The rights of our stockholders are governed by Maryland law as well as our charter and bylaws. The following summary of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law and to our charter (including the applicable articles supplementary designating the terms of a class or series of preferred stock) and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

General

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 750,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share.

Of our 750,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 747,509,582 shares have been classified as Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Class A common stock”), 804,605 shares have been classified as Class B-1 Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 804,605 shares have been classified as Class B-2 Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 804,605 shares have been classified as Class B-3 Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 76,603 shares have been classified as Class C common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Class C common stock”). The Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “BRG.” As of the date of this prospectus, there were issued and outstanding 27,416,320 shares of Class A common stock, and 76,603 shares of Class C common stock. No other shares of any class or series of common stock is issued and outstanding.

Of our 250,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, as of the date of this prospectus, 5,153,540 shares are classified as 8.250% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”); 1,087,663 shares are classified as Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”); 3,972,095 shares are classified as 7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”); 3,923,736 shares are classified as 7.125% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”); and 31,948,638 shares are classified as the Series T Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series T Preferred Stock”). In addition, we may issue Warrants in connection with our Series B Preferred Stock that are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 24,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock. The Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are each listed on the NYSE American under the symbols “BRG-PrC,” and “BRG-PrD,” respectively. Currently no market exists for the Series B Preferred Stock, the Warrants, or the Series T Preferred Stock and we do not expect a market to develop. We currently have no plan to list the Series B Preferred Stock, the Warrants, or the Series T Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or to include such shares for quotation on any national securities market.   Subject to the preferential rights of any holders of preferred stock, our charter authorizes our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of the directors and without any action by stockholders, to amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. As of the date of this prospectus, we have 412,416 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, 2,295,845 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, 2,774,338 shares of Series D Preferred Stock and 13,623,714 shares of Series T Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. On December 20, 2019, we made the final issuance of Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to our continuous offering of Series B Preferred Stock, and on February 11, 2020, the board formally approved the termination of the Series B Preferred Stock offering. On February 26, 2021, we redeemed all of the outstanding shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. Such redeemed shares of Series A Preferred Stock returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock without designation as to series or class. Under Maryland law, stockholders are not generally liable for our debts or obligations.

As of the date of this prospectus, there were outstanding: (a) 6,310,126 units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership (the “OP Units”), which may, subject to certain limitations, be redeemed for cash or, at our option, exchanged for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis; and (b) 5,036,018 units of a special class of partnership interest in our Operating Partnership (the “LTIP Units”), of which (i) 2,531,573 have vested, (ii) 274,091 will vest at the end of the applicable one-year period that commenced upon issuance, (iii) 563,921 will vest ratably on an annual basis over the applicable three-year period that commenced upon issuance, (iv) 1,358,089 will vest at the end of the applicable three-year period that commenced upon issuance, subject to certain performance-based vesting formulas, and (v) 308,344 will vest ratably on an annual basis over the applicable five-year period that commenced upon issuance. Upon vesting and reaching capital account equivalency with the OP Units held by us, LTIP Units may convert to OP Units, and may then be settled in shares of our Class A common stock. In addition, the 76,603 shares of our Class C common stock issued as Internalization consideration may be converted, or automatically convert, in certain circumstances to shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Finally, the 495,644 outstanding Warrants issued in connection with our Series B Preferred Stock are exercisable for up to an aggregate of 9,912,880 shares of our Class A common stock at exercise prices ranging from $10.00 to $15.89 per share. The Warrants are exercisable one year after the date of issuance and expire four years after the date of issuance. Other than those described above, there are no outstanding rights of any other kind in respect of our Class A common stock.

Our charter also contains a provision permitting our board of directors, by resolution, to classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock, subject to certain restrictions, including the express terms of any class or series of stock outstanding at the time, such as the Preferred Stock Restrictions (as defined above). We believe that the power to classify or reclassify unissued shares of stock and thereafter issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise.

Our charter and bylaws contain certain provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire control of the company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the company to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that these provisions increase the likelihood that proposals initially will be on more attractive terms than would be the case in their absence and facilitate negotiations that may result in improvement of the terms of an initial offer that might involve a premium price for our capital stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Common Stock

Subject to the preferential rights of our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series C Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock and our Series T Preferred Stock, and any other class or series of preferred stock and any preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on the ownership and transfer of stock, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive distributions authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of legally available funds after payment of, or provision for, full cumulative distributions on and any required redemptions of shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series C Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock and our Series T Preferred Stock, and any other preferred stock then outstanding, and, upon our liquidation or dissolution, are entitled to share ratably in the distributable assets of our company remaining after satisfaction of the prior preferential rights of any preferred stock and the satisfaction of all of our debts and liabilities. Holders of our common stock do not have preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, or redemption rights or preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities, and generally have no appraisal rights.

Subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock contained in our charter and except as may otherwise be specified in our charter, each share of our Class A common stock will have one vote per share on all matters voted on by common stockholders, including the election of directors, and each share of our Class C common stock will have fifty votes per share on each matter on which holders of Class A common stock are entitled to vote. Because stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect our entire board of directors. Generally, the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast is necessary to take stockholder action, except that a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting at which a quorum is present is sufficient to elect a director, and except as set forth in the next paragraph.

Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, convert, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter provides for a majority vote in these situations. Our charter further provides that any or all of our directors may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. For these purposes, “cause” means, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable material harm to us through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty.

Each stockholder entitled to vote on a matter may do so at a meeting in person or by proxy directing the manner in which he or she desires that his or her vote be cast or without a meeting by a consent in writing or by electronic transmission. Any proxy must be received by us prior to the date on which the vote is taken. Pursuant to Maryland law and our bylaws and subject in all respects to the terms of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, if no meeting is held, 100% of the stockholders must consent in writing or by electronic transmission to take effective action on behalf of our company, unless the action is advised, and submitted to the stockholders for approval, by our board of directors, in which case such action may be approved by the consent in writing or by electronic transmission of stockholders entitled to cast not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting of stockholders.

Preferred Stock

Our charter authorizes our board of directors, without further stockholder action, to provide for the issuance of up to 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more classes or series, with such terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption, as our board of directors may approve, subject to the Preferred Stock Restrictions.

If any preferred stock is publicly offered, the terms and conditions of such preferred stock, including any convertible preferred stock, will be set forth in articles supplementary and described in a prospectus supplement relating to the issuance of such preferred stock, if such preferred stock is registered. Because our board of directors has the power to establish the preferences and rights of each class or series of preferred stock, it may afford the holders of any series or class of preferred stock preferences, powers, and rights senior to the rights of holders of common stock or other preferred stock, subject to the Preferred Stock Restrictions. If we ever authorize, create and issue additional preferred stock with a distribution preference over common stock or preferred stock, payment of any distribution preferences of new outstanding preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on the common stock and junior preferred stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are normally entitled to receive a preference payment if we liquidate, dissolve, or wind up before any payment is made to the common stockholders, likely reducing the amount common stockholders and junior preferred stockholders, if any, would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of additional preferred stock may delay, prevent, render more difficult or tend to discourage the following:

Also, subject to the Preferred Stock Restrictions, our board of directors, without stockholder approval, may issue additional preferred stock with voting and conversion rights that could adversely affect the holders of common stock or preferred stock.

Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

We are currently authorized to issue up to 1,225,000 shares of our Series B Preferred Stock, which may be issued in Units, with each Unit consisting of one share of Series B Preferred Stock and one Warrant to purchase up to 20 shares of our Class A common stock.

The following is a brief description of the terms of our Series B Preferred Stock. The description of our Series B Preferred Stock contained herein does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles Supplementary for our Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Articles Supplementary”), which have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.

Rank.

Our Series B Preferred Stock ranks, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, winding-up or dissolution:

Investors in the Series B Preferred Stock should note that, subject to the Cetera Side Letter (as hereinafter defined), holders of our Series B Preferred Stock do not have a right to receive a return of capital prior to holders of our common stock upon the individual sale of a property. To provide protection to the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock, the Cetera Side Letter restricts us from selling an asset if the sale would cause us to fail to meet a dividend coverage ratio of no less than 1.1:1 based on the ratio of our adjusted funds from operations to dividends required to be paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock for the two most recent quarters, subject to our ability to maintain status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as further described herein. Depending on the price at which such property is sold, it is possible that holders of our common stock will receive a return of capital prior to the holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, provided that any accrued but unpaid dividends have been paid in full to holders of Series B Preferred Stock. It is also possible that holders of common stock will receive additional distributions from the sale of a property (in excess of their capital attributable to the asset sold) before the holders of Series B Preferred Stock receive a return of their capital. See “Description of Capital Stock — Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock — Cetera Side Letter.”

Stated Value.

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has an initial “Stated Value” of $1,000, subject to appropriate adjustment in relation to certain events, such as recapitalizations, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our Series B Preferred Stock, as set forth in the Series B Articles Supplementary.

Dividends.

Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior to our Series B Preferred Stock, if any such class or series is authorized in the future, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when and as authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of legally available funds, cumulative cash dividends on each share of Series B Preferred Stock at an annual rate of six percent (6%) of the Stated Value. Dividends on each share of Series B Preferred Stock will begin accruing on, and will be cumulative from, the date of issuance or the end of the most recent dividend period for which dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock have been paid; provided, however, that any such dividend may vary among holders of Series B Preferred Stock and may be prorated with respect to any shares of Series B Preferred Stock that were outstanding less than the total number of days in the dividend period immediately preceding the applicable dividend payment date, with the amount of any such prorated dividend being computed on the basis of the actual number of days in such dividend period during which such shares of Series B Preferred Stock were outstanding. We expect to authorize and declare dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock on a quarterly basis, payable monthly on the 5th day of the month (or if such day is not a business day, on the next succeeding business day, with the same force and effect as if made on such date) to holders of record at the close of business on the 25th day of the prior month, unless our results of operations, our general financing conditions, general economic conditions, applicable provisions of Maryland law or other factors make it imprudent or impermissible to do so. The timing and amount of such dividends will be determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and may vary from time to time.

Dividends will accrue and be paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not (i) we have earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and (iii) such dividends are authorized by our board of directors or declared by us. Accrued dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock will not bear interest.

Holders of our shares of Series B Preferred Stock are not entitled to any dividend in excess of full cumulative dividends on our shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Unless full cumulative dividends on our shares of Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock for all past dividend periods have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in full or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in full is set apart for payment, we will not:

To the extent necessary to preserve our status as a REIT, the foregoing sentence, however, will not prohibit declaring or paying or setting apart for payment any dividend or other distribution on our common stock or redeeming, purchasing or acquiring such stock.

Holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are not eligible to participate in the company’s dividend reinvestment plan.

Redemption at Option of Holders.

Beginning on the date of original issuance of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed, holders will have the right to require the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, initially $1,000 per share, less a 13.0% redemption fee, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of redemption.

Beginning one year from the date of original issuance of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed, holders will have the right to require the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, initially $1,000 per share, less a 10% redemption fee, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of redemption.

Beginning three years from the date of original issuance of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed, holders will have the right to require the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, initially $1,000 per share, less a 5% redemption fee, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of redemption.

Beginning four years from the date of original issuance of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed, holders will have the right to require the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, initially $1,000 per share, less a 3% redemption fee, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of redemption.

Beginning five years from the date of original issuance of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed, holders will have the right to require the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to 100% of the Stated Value, initially $1,000 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends through and including the date of redemption.

If a holder of Series B Preferred Stock causes the company to redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, calculated based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the redemption.

However, our ability to redeem shares of Series B Preferred Stock in cash may be limited to the extent that we do not have sufficient funds available to fund such cash redemption. Further, our obligation to redeem any of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock submitted for redemption in cash may be restricted by Maryland law.

Optional Redemption or Repurchase Following Death of a Holder.

Subject to restrictions, beginning on the date of original issuance and ending two years thereafter, we will redeem, and beginning on the second anniversary of the date of original issuance and ending three years thereafter, we will repurchase without payment of a repurchase fee, shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by a natural person upon his or her death at the written request of the holder’s estate at a redemption or repurchase price equal to the Stated Value, plus an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon through and including the date of redemption or repurchase; provided, however, that our obligation to repurchase any of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock is limited to the extent that the terms and provisions of any agreement to which we are a party prohibits such repurchase or provides that such repurchase would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder. If a holder of Series B Preferred Stock, or a holder’s estate upon death of a holder, causes us to redeem or repurchase (as applicable) such shares of Series B Preferred Stock, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption or repurchase price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, calculated based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the date of redemption or repurchase. Our ability to redeem or repurchase shares of Series B Preferred Stock in cash may be limited to the extent that we do not have sufficient funds available to fund such cash redemption or repurchase. Further, our obligation to redeem or repurchase any of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock submitted for redemption or repurchase in cash may be restricted by Maryland law.

Optional Redemption by the Company.

Beginning two years from the date of issuance of shares of Series B Preferred Stock, we will have the right (but not the obligation) to redeem any or all such shares of Series B Preferred Stock. We will redeem such shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed at a redemption price equal to 100% of the Stated Value per share of Series B Preferred Stock (initially, $1,000 per share), plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid dividends. We have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, calculated based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the redemption, in exchange for the Series B Preferred Stock so redeemed.

We may exercise our redemption right by delivering a written notice thereof to the holders of all, but not less than all, of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed; provided, that we may, in our sole discretion (subject to certain restrictions set forth in the Series B Articles Supplementary), designate all or any portion of such shares of Series B Preferred Stock as subject to redemption pursuant to any such notice. Each such notice will include (i) the date on which the redemption shall occur, which date will be no fewer than 14 days following the notice date; (ii) the price at which the redemption shall occur; (iii) the total number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed; and (iv) such other information as required pursuant to the Series B Articles Supplementary. In addition, if fewer than all of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by any holder are to be redeemed, the notice will specify the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by such holder to be redeemed (or the method for determining that number).

Change of Control Redemption by the Company.

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined below), we will be required to redeem all outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock in whole within 60 calendar days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred, in cash at a redemption price of $1,000 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared), if any, to and including the redemption date; provided, however, that if the Maryland law solvency tests prohibit us from paying the full redemption price in cash, then we will pay such portion as would otherwise violate the solvency tests in shares of our Class A common stock to holders of the Series B Preferred Stock on a pro rata basis, calculated based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the redemption. Further, our obligation to redeem any of the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock in cash may be restricted by Maryland law.

We will mail to record holders of the Series B Preferred Stock a notice of redemption no fewer than 14 days before the redemption date. We will send the notice to your address shown on our stock transfer books. A failure to give notice of redemption or any defect in the notice or in its mailing will not affect the validity of the redemption of any Series B Preferred Stock except as to the holder to whom notice was defective. Each notice will state the following:

If we have given a notice of redemption and have set apart sufficient funds for the redemption in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock called for redemption with irrevocable instructions regarding the payment of the redemption price, then from and after the redemption date, those shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be treated as no longer being outstanding, no further dividends will accrue and all rights of the holders of those shares of Series B Preferred Stock will terminate. The holders of those shares of Series B Preferred Stock will retain their right to receive the redemption price for their shares and an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date, without interest.

The holders of Series B Preferred Stock at the close of business on a dividend record date will be entitled to receive the dividend payable with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock on the corresponding payment date notwithstanding the redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock between such record date and the corresponding payment date or our default in the payment of the dividend due. Except as provided above, we will make no payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on Series B Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

For purposes of the Series B Preferred Stock, a “Change of Control” is when, after the original issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, any of the following has occurred and is continuing:

“Series B Continuing Director” means a director who either was a member of our board of directors on February 24, 2016 or who becomes a member of our board of directors subsequent to that date and whose appointment, election or nomination for election by our stockholders was duly approved by a majority of the continuing directors on our board of directors at the time of such approval, either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement issued by our company on behalf of our board of directors in which such individual is named as nominee for director.

Liquidation Preference.

Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, before any distribution or payment shall be made to holders of our common stock or any other class or series of capital stock ranking junior to our shares of Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid out of our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders, after payment or provision for our debts and other liabilities, a liquidation preference equal to the Stated Value per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to and including the date of payment, without interest, pari passu with the holders of shares of any other class or series of our capital ranking on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock, including our Series C Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock and our Series T Preferred Stock as to the liquidation preference and accrued but unpaid dividends they are entitled to receive.

After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of our shares of Series B Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Our consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, trust or other entity, the consolidation or merger of any other corporation, trust or entity with or into us, the sale or transfer of any or all our assets or business, or a statutory share exchange will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs.

In determining whether a distribution (other than upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation), by dividend, redemption or other acquisition of shares of our stock or otherwise, is permitted under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) amounts that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will not be added to our total liabilities.

Voting Rights.

Our Series B Preferred Stock has no voting rights, except as set forth in the Cetera Side Letter (as hereinafter defined). See “—Cetera Side Letter” below.

Exchange Listing.

We do not plan on making an application to list the shares of our Series B Preferred Stock on the NYSE American, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system. Our Class A common stock and our Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are listed on the NYSE American.

Cetera Side Letter

On February 6, 2017, we entered into a side letter agreement with Cetera Financial Group, Inc., or Cetera, on behalf of itself and its affiliated broker dealers who have been engaged to offer and sell the Series B Preferred Stock (the “Cetera Side Letter”), to provide certain additional protections to the holders of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Holders”), in addition to those provided under our charter.

The following description of the Cetera Side Letter is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the terms set forth in the Cetera Side Letter, a copy of which has been filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Dividend Coverage Ratio

Under the terms of the Cetera Side Letter, we have agreed, for so long as shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding, to maintain a Dividend Coverage Ratio (as defined below) of not less than 1.1:1 (the “Series B Coverage Requirement”), as of the end of each calendar quarter. Within five business days following the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as applicable, for such calendar quarter (each, a “Testing Date”), we must deliver a written certificate to Cetera (i) certifying and demonstrating by calculation that we met the Series B Coverage Requirement as of the end of the applicable calendar quarter and (ii) certifying that we are reasonably expected to maintain the Dividend Coverage Ratio for the subsequent calendar quarter based solely on information known to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as applicable, as of such Testing Date. If we are not able to make both of these certifications, then following such Testing Date, we will not be permitted to issue any additional preferred stock other than stock ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Stock with respect to any other distributions or liquidation rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, or Junior Stock, nor to make any voluntary distributions on shares of our common stock or any other class of Junior Stock (except as required to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes) until and unless the Series B Coverage Requirement is certified in a subsequent certificate.

For purposes of the Cetera Side Letter, the “Dividend Coverage Ratio” equals: (A) our Adjusted Funds from Operations (“AFFO”), calculated in accordance with commonly accepted industry standards and further adjusted to add back the expense of all preferred dividends, for the two most recent quarters, plus the sum of: (1) the product of (a)(i) unrestricted cash on our balance sheet as reflected in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as applicable, filed at such Testing Date (the “Current Filing”), minus (ii) an amount equal to the greater of $5,000,000 or 5.0% of the amount in subclause (i) (provided, if such calculation would cause the amount to be negative, it will instead be equal to zero), multiplied by (b) a 5.0% annualized rate of return over such quarterly period, and (2) the product of (a)(i) unrestricted cash on our balance sheet as reflected in the quarterly filing filed immediately preceding the Current Filing, minus (ii) an amount equal to the greater of $5,000,000 or 5.0% of the amount in subclause (i) (provided, if such calculation would cause the amount to be negative, it will instead be equal to zero), multiplied by (b) a 5.0% annualized rate of return over such quarterly period; over (B) the amount of preferred dividends required to be distributed, for such quarter, to (x) the Series B Holders, (y) the holders of any class or series of our capital stock the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks on parity with the Series B Preferred Stock as to payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up (the “Parity Preferred Stock”), and (z) the holders of any class or series of “Senior Stock”.

Voting Rights

For so long as any shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding and subject to be called for redemption, in addition to any other vote or consent of stockholders required by our charter, the affirmative vote or consent of a majority of the votes cast by the Series B Holders and by holders of Voting Preferred Stock (together, the “Parity Holders”), voting together as a single class, at a meeting at which a majority of the outstanding shares of Parity Preferred Stock are present, in person or by proxy, will be required to (a) authorize, create or issue, or increase the number of authorized or issued shares of, any class or series of Senior Stock, (b) reclassify any authorized shares of our capital stock into Senior Stock, or (c) create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase Senior Stock (collectively, the “Parity Preferred Voting Right”). Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to one vote per $1,000.00 of liquidation preference, and each share of Parity Preferred Stock is entitled to one vote per $1,000.00 of liquidation preference. The Series B Holders otherwise have no voting rights.

At any time when the Parity Preferred Voting Right applies, a proper officer of the company must call or cause to be called a special meeting of the Parity Holders by mailing or causing to be mailed to such Parity Holders a notice of such special meeting to be held not fewer than ten (10) nor more than forty-five (45) days after the date such notice is given. The record date for determining Parity Holders of the Parity Preferred Stock entitled to notice of and to vote at such special meeting will be the close of business on the third business day preceding the day on which such notice is mailed. Notice of all meetings at which Series B Holders shall be entitled to vote will be given to such Series B Holders at their addresses as they appear in our transfer records, and to Cetera at the address specified in the Cetera Side Letter.

Further Protections

For so long as any shares of Series B Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we have agreed as follows: (1) neither we, the Operating Partnership, nor any controlled subsidiary thereof may take any corporate action that restricts our ability to redeem Series B Preferred Stock with shares of the our Class A common stock, or that is intended to or that could be reasonably expected to cause the rights of the Series B Holders under the Cetera Side Letter to be terminated or materially, adversely affected; and (2) we will not sell an asset if such sale would cause us to fail to meet the Series B Coverage Requirement, unless such sale is reasonably necessary for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as determined by a majority of our independent directors.

Class A Common Stock Warrants for Series B Preferred Stock

The following is a brief summary of the Warrants associated with our Series B Preferred Stock and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the terms set forth in the Warrant Agreement (as defined below) and global warrant certificate filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.

Warrant Agreement.

The Warrants to be issued in connection with our Series B Preferred Stock will be governed by a warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”). The Warrants will be issued either in certificated form or by “book-entry” form, in either case to DTC, and evidenced by one or more global warrants. Those investors who own beneficial interests in a global warrant do so through participants in DTC’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the Warrant Agreement and the applicable procedures and requirements of the DTC. The Warrants may be exercised by the holders of beneficial interest in the Warrants by delivering to the warrant agent, through a broker who is a DTC participant, prior to the expiration of such Warrants, a duly signed exercise notice and payment of the exercise price for the shares of our Class A common stock for which such Warrants are being exercised, as described in more detail below.

Exercisability.

Holders may exercise the Warrants at any time beginning one year from the date of issuance, and ending at 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the date that is the fourth anniversary of such date of issuance. The Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole, but not in part, by delivering to the warrant agent a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise in the circumstances discussed below). Each Warrant is exercisable for 20 shares of our Class A common stock (subject to adjustment, as discussed below). A holder of Warrants does not have the right to exercise any portion of a Warrant to the extent that, after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock upon such exercise, the holder (together with its affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of its affiliates) would beneficially or constructively own in excess of 9.8% in value of the shares of our capital stock outstanding or in excess of 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the shares of our common stock outstanding, in each case, immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock upon exercise of the Warrant.

Cashless Exercise.

The holder may satisfy its obligation to pay the exercise price upon the exercise of its Warrant on a cashless basis in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement. When exercised on a cashless basis, a portion of the Warrant is cancelled in payment of the purchase price payable in respect of the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon such exercise. Any Warrant that is outstanding on the termination date of the Warrant will be automatically terminated.

Exercise Price.

The exercise price of the Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants equals a 20% premium to the current market price per share of our Class A common stock on the date of issuance of such Warrant, subject to a minimum exercise price of $10.00 per share. The current market price will be determined using the volume weighted average price per share of our Class A common stock for the 20 trading days immediately prior to the date of the issuance of the Warrant. The exercise price and the number of shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment from time to time in relation to the following events or actions in respect of the company: (i) we declare a dividend or make a distribution on our outstanding Class A common stock in Class A common stock; (ii) we subdivide or reclassify our outstanding Class A common stock into a greater number of shares of our Class A common stock; (iii) we combine or reclassify our outstanding Class A common stock into a smaller number of shares of our Class A common stock; or (iv) we enter into any transaction whereby the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock are at any time changed into or exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the company or of another entity through reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation or recapitalization.

Transferability.

Subject to applicable law, the Warrants may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Warrants with the appropriate instruments of transfer.

Exchange Listing.

We do not plan on making an application to list the Warrants on the NYSE American, any other national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Our Class A common stock and our Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are listed on the NYSE American.

Rights as Stockholder.

Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our Class A common stock, the holders of the Warrants will not have the rights or privileges of holders of our Class A common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Warrants.

Fractional Shares.

No fractional shares of Class A common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants. Rather, we shall, at our election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price or round up the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the nearest whole number.

Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock

The following is a brief description of the terms of our Series C Preferred Stock. The description of our Series C Preferred Stock contained herein does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles Supplementary classifying shares of our preferred stock as shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Articles Supplementary”), which have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.

Rank.

The Series C Preferred Stock ranks, with respect to priority of dividend payments and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs:

Dividends.

Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior to the Series C Preferred Stock with respect to priority of dividend payments, holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors and declared by us from and including the date of original issue or the first day following the end of the most recent dividend period for which dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock have been paid, payable quarterly in arrears on each January 5th, April 5th, July 5th and October 5th of each year. Holders of shares of Series C Preferred Stock will not be entitled to receive dividends paid on any dividend payment date if such shares were not issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend. From the date of original issue to, but not including, July 19, 2023, we will pay cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 7.625% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of the Series C Preferred Stock (equivalent to the fixed annual amount of $1.90625 per share of the Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Initial Rate”). Commencing July 19, 2023, we will pay cumulative cash dividends at an annual dividend rate of the Series C Initial Rate increased by 2.0% of the liquidation preference per annum, or $0.50 per annum, which will increase by an additional 2.0% of the liquidation preference per annum, or $0.50 per annum, on each subsequent anniversary thereafter, subject to a maximum annual dividend rate of 14.0%. The first dividend on the Series C Preferred Stock, paid on October 5, 2016, was a pro rata dividend from and including the original issue date to and including September 30, 2016, in the amount of $0.39184 per share.

Dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from the end of the most recent dividend period for which dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock have been paid, or if no dividends have been paid, from and including the date of original issuance. Dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not (i) we have earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and (iii) such dividends are authorized by our board of directors or declared by us. Accrued dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock will not bear interest. If we fail to pay or set apart for payment any dividend within three (3) business days after the payment date for such dividend, the then-current dividend rate will increase following the payment date by an additional 2.0% of the $25.00 stated liquidation preference, or $0.50 per annum, until we pay the dividend, subject to our ability to cure the failure.

Liquidation Preference.

If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share of the Series C Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared) to and including the date of payment, but without interest, before any distribution or payment is made to holders of our common stock and any other class or series of capital stock ranking junior to the Series C Preferred Stock as to rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

The rights of holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock to receive their liquidation preference will be subject to the proportionate rights of holders of shares of any other class or series of our capital stock ranking on parity with the Series C Preferred Stock, including our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock and our Series T Preferred Stock, as to rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, junior to the rights of any class or series of our capital stock expressly designated as having liquidation preferences ranking senior to the Series C Preferred Stock, and subject to payment of or provision for our debts and other liabilities.

After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of our shares of Series C Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Our consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, trust or other entity, the consolidation or merger of any other corporation, trust or entity with or into us, the sale or transfer of any or all our assets or business, or a statutory share exchange will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs.

In determining whether a distribution (other than upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation), by dividend, redemption or other acquisition of shares of our stock or otherwise, is permitted under the MGCL amounts that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of the Series C Preferred Stock will not be added to our total liabilities.

Redemption at Option of Holders.

Commencing on July 20, 2023, the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock may, at their option, elect to cause us to redeem their shares at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date, in cash or in shares of our Class A common stock, or any combination thereof, at our option; provided, a holder shall not have any right of redemption with respect to any shares of Series C Preferred Stock being called for redemption pursuant to our Series C Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the Company, our Series C Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption, or our Series C Preferred Stock Mandatory Redemption for Asset Coverage, each as described below, to the extent we have delivered notice of our intent to redeem on or prior to the date of delivery of the holder’s notice to redeem.

Such redemptions of Series C Preferred Stock will be payable either in cash, in shares of our Class A common stock, or any combination thereof, at our option. If we elect to redeem some or all of the Series C Preferred Stock held by such redeeming holder in shares of our Class A common stock, the number of shares of our Class A common stock per share of Series C Preferred Stock to be issued will be equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the sum of the $25.00 liquidation preference plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends to and including the redemption date (unless the redemption date is after a record date for a Series C Preferred Stock dividend payment and prior to the corresponding Series C Preferred Stock dividend payment date, in which case no additional amount for such accrued but unpaid dividend will be included in this sum) by (ii) the Common Stock Price (as defined below). Upon the redemption of Series C Preferred Stock for shares of our Class A common stock, we will not issue fractional shares of our Class A common stock but will instead pay the cash value of such fractional shares.

The “Common Stock Price” will be (x) the volume weighted average of the closing sales price per share of our Class A common stock (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the volume weighted average of the closing bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the volume weighted average of the volume weighted average closing bid and the volume weighted average closing ask prices) for the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the Holder Redemption Date as reported on the NYSE American or the principal U.S. securities exchange on which our Class A common stock is then traded, or (y) the average of the last quoted bid prices for our common stock in the over-the-counter market as reported by OTC Markets Group, Inc. or similar organization for the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the Holder Redemption Date, if our Class A common stock is not then listed for trading on a U.S. securities exchange.

The Holder Redemption Date will be (i) the 5th day of the month (or, if such day is not a business day, the next succeeding business day) following the holder’s notice to redeem if such notice occurs on or before the 25th day of the month, or (ii) the 5th day of the second month (or, if such day is not a business day, the next succeeding business day) following the holder’s notice to redeem if the holder’s notice occurs after the 25th day of the month.

Series C Preferred Stock Mandatory Redemption for Asset Coverage.

If we fail to maintain asset coverage of at least 200% calculated by determining the percentage value of (1) our total assets plus accumulated depreciation minus our total liabilities and indebtedness as reported in our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP (exclusive of the book value of any Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock (as defined herein)), over (2) the aggregate liquidation preference, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, of our outstanding Series C Preferred Stock, and any other outstanding shares of term preferred stock or preferred stock providing for a fixed mandatory redemption date or maturity date (which shall not include our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock or our Series T Preferred Stock) (collectively referred to herein as “Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock”) on the last business day of any calendar quarter (the “Asset Coverage Ratio”), and such failure is not cured by the close of business on the date that is 30 calendar days following the filing date of our Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as applicable, for that quarter (the “Asset Coverage Cure Date”), then we will be required to redeem, within 90 calendar days of the Asset Coverage Cure Date, shares of Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock, which may include Series C Preferred Stock, at least equal to the lesser of (1) the minimum number of shares of Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock that will result in us having an Asset Coverage Ratio of at least 200% and (2) the maximum number of shares of Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock that can be redeemed solely out of funds legally available for such redemption. In connection with any redemption for failure to maintain such Asset Coverage Ratio, we may, in our sole option, redeem any shares of Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock we select, including on a non-pro rata basis. We may elect not to redeem any Series C Preferred Stock to cure such failure as long as we cure our failure to meet the Asset Coverage Ratio by or on the Asset Coverage Cure Date. We may also, in our sole option within such time period, redeem such additional number of shares of Redeemable and Term Preferred Stock that will result in an Asset Coverage Ratio up to and including 285%.

If shares of Series C Preferred Stock are to be redeemed for failure to maintain the Asset Coverage Ratio, such shares will be redeemed solely in cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends, if any, on such shares (whether or not declared) to and including the redemption date.

Series C Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the Company.

Generally, we may not redeem the Series C Preferred Stock prior to July 19, 2021, except in limited circumstances relating to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, complying with our Asset Coverage Ratio, and the Series C Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption provision described below. On and after July 19, 2021, we may, at our option, upon not fewer than 30 and not more than 60 days’ written notice, redeem the Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, solely for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared) to and including the date fixed for redemption, without interest, to the extent we have funds legally available for that purpose. Any partial redemption will be on a pro rata basis.

Series C Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption.

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control/Delisting (as defined below), we may, at our option, redeem the Series C Preferred Stock, in whole or in part within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control/Delisting occurred, solely in cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid dividends to, and including, the redemption date.

For purposes of the Series C Preferred Stock, a “Change of Control/Delisting” is when, after the original issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock, any of the following has occurred and is continuing:

For purposes of the Series C Preferred Stock, “Continuing Director” means a director who either was a member of our board of directors on October 21, 2015 or who becomes a member of our board of directors subsequent to that date and whose appointment, election or nomination for election by our stockholders was duly approved by a majority of the continuing directors on our board of directors at the time of such approval, either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement issued by the company on behalf of our board of directors in which such individual is named as nominee for director.

Redemption at Option of Holders Upon a Change of Control/Delisting.

If a Change of Control/Delisting occurs at any time the Series C Preferred Stock is outstanding, then each holder of shares of Series C Preferred Stock will have the right, at such holder’s option, to require us to redeem for cash any or all of such holder’s shares of Series C Preferred Stock, on a date specified by us (the “Series C Change of Control/Delisting Redemption Date”) that can be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days following the date of delivery of the Series C Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice (as defined below), at a redemption price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared), to and including such date; provided, a holder shall not have any right of redemption with respect to any shares of Series C Preferred Stock being called for redemption pursuant to our Series C Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the company or our Series C Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption to the extent we have delivered notice of our intent to redeem on or prior to the date of delivery of the Series C Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice.

On or before the 20^th calendar day after the occurrence of a Change of Control/Delisting, we will mail to record holders of the Series C Preferred Stock a notice (the “Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice”), sent in accordance with the DTC’s procedures, of the occurrence of such Change of Control/Delisting and of the redemption right at the option of the holders arising as a result thereof. We will send the notice to your address shown on our stock transfer books. A failure to give notice of redemption or any defect in the notice or in its mailing will not affect the validity of the redemption of any Series C Preferred Stock except as to the holder to whom notice was defective. Each Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice will state the following:

Redemption of Series C Preferred Stock shall be made, at the option of the holder thereof, upon:

(i)       delivery by such holder to the redemption and paying agent of a duly completed notice (the “Change of Control/Delisting Redemption Notice”) in compliance with DTC’s procedures, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the redemption date; and

(ii)       book-entry transfer of the Series C Preferred Stock in compliance with the procedures of DTC, such transfer being a condition to receipt by the holder of the redemption price therefor.

Any holder delivering a Change of Control/Delisting Redemption Notice to the redemption and paying agent shall have the right to withdraw, in whole or in part, such Change of Control/Delisting Redemption Notice at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the redemption date by delivery of a written notice of withdrawal to the redemption and paying agent in accordance with the Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice and with the DTC’s procedures, and specifying the number of shares of Series C Preferred Stock with respect to which such notice of withdrawal is being submitted.

If we have given a Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice and have set apart sufficient funds for the redemption in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock who have tendered and not withdrawn a Change of Control/Delisting Redemption Notice, then from and after the redemption date, those shares of Series C Preferred Stock will be treated as no longer being outstanding, no further dividends will accrue and all other rights of the holders of those shares of Series C Preferred Stock will terminate. The holders of those shares of Series C Preferred Stock will retain their right to receive the redemption price for their shares and an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date, without interest.

We will not be required to make a redemption in connection with a Change of Control/Delisting if a third party makes such an offer in a manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by us and the third party redeems all Series C Preferred Stock properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer.

The holders of Series C Preferred Stock at the close of business on a dividend record date will be entitled to receive the dividend payable with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock on the corresponding payment date notwithstanding the redemption of the Series C Preferred Stock between such record date and the corresponding payment date or our default in the payment of the dividend due. Except as provided above, we will make no payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on Series C Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

Limited Voting Rights.

Holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights. However, if dividends on the Series C Preferred Stock are in arrears for each of six or more consecutive quarterly periods, the number of directors on our board of directors will automatically be increased by two, and holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock and the holders of all other classes or series of Voting Preferred Stock, including our Series D Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class) will be entitled to vote, at a special meeting called upon the written request of the holders of at least 20% of such stock or at our next annual meeting and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders, for the election of two additional directors to serve on our board of directors (the “Preferred Directors”), until all accrued and unpaid dividends with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock and the other Parity Preferred Stock (including our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock and our Series T Preferred Stock) have been paid in full or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in full set apart for payment. The Preferred Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election. For the avoidance of doubt, the board of directors shall not be permitted to fill the vacancies on the board of directors as a result of the failure of 20% of the holders of Voting Preferred Stock to deliver such written request for the election of the Preferred Directors.

So long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock remain outstanding, in addition to any other vote or consent of stockholders required by our charter, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the other Parity Preferred Stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred, authorize, create or issue, or increase the number of authorized or issued shares of, any class or series of capital stock ranking senior to the Series C Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or reclassify any of our authorized capital stock into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase such capital stock.

In addition, so long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock, amend, alter or repeal our charter, including the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of our assets or otherwise, so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series C Preferred Stock, except that with respect to the occurrence of any of the events set forth above, so long as the Series C Preferred Stock remains outstanding with the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock materially unchanged, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an event set forth above, we may not be the surviving entity, the occurrence of such event will not be deemed to materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the Series C Preferred Stock, and in such case such holders will not have any voting rights with respect to the events set forth above; provided, further, that with respect to any such amendment, alteration or repeal that equally affects the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class) will be required. Furthermore, if holders of shares of the Series C Preferred Stock will receive the greater of the full trading price of the Series C Preferred Stock on the date of an event set forth above or the $25.00 per share liquidation preference pursuant to the occurrence of any of the events set forth above or pursuant to a special optional redemption by us or a redemption at the option of the holder upon a Change of Control/Delisting, then such holders shall not have any voting rights with respect to the events set forth above.

In addition, and in circumstances other than the voting issues addressed in the paragraph above, so long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series C Preferred Stock also will have the exclusive right to vote on any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series C Preferred Stock, and the holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal, with any such amendment requiring the affirmative vote or consent of holders of two-thirds of the Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at the time. With respect to any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock, that equally affects the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock, so long as any shares of Series C Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series C Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class), also will have the exclusive right to vote on any such amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series C Preferred Stock and such other classes or series of preferred stock, and the holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal.

Holders of shares of Series C Preferred Stock will not be entitled to vote with respect to any increase in the total number of authorized shares of our common stock or preferred stock, any issuance or increase in the number of authorized shares of Series C Preferred Stock or the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock, or any issuance or increase in the number of authorized shares of any class or series of capital stock, in each case ranking on parity with or junior to the Series C Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock

. The following is a brief description of the terms of our Series D Preferred Stock. The description of our Series D Preferred Stock contained herein does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles Supplementary classifying shares of our preferred stock as shares of Series D Preferred Stock (the “Series D Articles Supplementary”), which have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.

Rank.

The Series D Preferred Stock ranks, with respect to priority of dividend payments and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs:

Dividends.

Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior to the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to priority of dividend payments, holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors and declared by us from and including the date of original issue or the first day following the end of the most recent dividend period for which dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock have been paid, payable quarterly in arrears on each January 5^th April 5^th July 5^th and October 5^th of each year. Holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock will not be entitled to receive dividends paid on any dividend payment date if such shares were not issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend. From the date of original issue, we will pay cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 7.125% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of the Series D Preferred Stock (equivalent to the fixed annual amount of $1.78125 per share of the Series D Preferred Stock). The first dividend payable on the Series D Preferred Stock, paid on January 5, 2017, was a pro rata dividend from and including the original issue date to and including December 31, 2016, in the amount of $0.3859 per share.

Dividends will accrue and be paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock will accrue and be cumulative from the end of the most recent dividend period for which dividends have been paid, or if no dividends have been paid, from the date of original issue. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not (i) we have earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and (iii) such dividends are authorized by our board of directors or declared by us. Accrued dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock will not bear interest.

Liquidation Preference.

If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share of the Series D Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared) to and including the date of payment, but without interest, before any distribution or payment is made to holders of our common stock and any other class or series of capital stock ranking junior to the Series D Preferred Stock as to rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

The rights of holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock to receive their liquidation preference will be subject to the proportionate rights of shares of any other class or series of our capital stock ranking on parity with the Series D Preferred Stock, including our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock, as to rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, junior to the rights of any class or series of our capital stock expressly designated as having liquidation preferences ranking senior to the Series D Preferred Stock, and subject to payment of or provision for our debts and other liabilities.

After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of our shares of Series D Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Our consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, trust or other entity, the consolidation or merger of any other corporation, trust or entity with or into us, the sale or transfer of any or all our assets or business, or a statutory share exchange will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs.

In determining whether a distribution (other than upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation), by dividend, redemption or other acquisition of shares of our stock or otherwise, is permitted under the MGCL amounts that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of the Series D Preferred Stock will not be added to our total liabilities.

Series D Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the Company.

Generally, we may not redeem the Series D Preferred Stock prior to October 13, 2021, except in limited circumstances relating to maintaining our qualification as a REIT and the Series D Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption provision described below. On and after October 13, 2021, we may, at our option, redeem the Series D Preferred Stock in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, solely for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid dividends (whether or not authorized or declared), if any, to and including the redemption date. Any partial redemption will be on a pro rata basis (as nearly as practicable without creating fractional shares), by lot or by any other equitable method, subject in all cases to our ownership and transfer restrictions.

Series D Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption.

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control/Delisting (as defined below), we may, at our option, redeem the Series D Preferred Stock, in whole or in part within 120 days after the first date on which such Change of Control/Delisting occurred, solely in cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid dividends to, and including, the redemption date. For purposes of the Series D Preferred Stock, the terms “Change of Control/Delisting” and “Continuing Director” are defined as set forth above under “—Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock”; provided, that a Change of Control/Delisting will be deemed to have occurred with respect to the Series D Preferred Stock only where the triggering event has occurred and is continuing after the original issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock.

If, prior to the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Date (as hereinafter defined), we have provided or provide notice of our election to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock (whether pursuant to our Series D Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the Company or our Series D Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption), the holders of Series D Preferred Stock will not be permitted to exercise the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Right described below with respect to the shares of Series D Preferred Stock subject to such notice.

Conversion Right Upon a Change of Control/Delisting.

If a Change of Control/Delisting occurs at any time the Series D Preferred Stock is outstanding (unless, prior to the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Date, we have provided or provide notice of our election to redeem the Series D Preferred Stock in whole or in part, whether pursuant to our Series D Preferred Stock Optional Redemption by the Company or our Series D Preferred Stock Special Optional Redemption), then each holder of shares of Series D Preferred Stock will have the right, at such holder’s option, to convert any or all of such holder’s shares of Series D Preferred Stock (the “Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Right”), on a date specified by us that can be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days following the date of delivery of the Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice (as defined below) (the “Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Date”), into a number of shares of Class A common stock per share of Series D Preferred Stock to be converted (the “Class A Common Stock Conversion Consideration”), equal to the lesser of:

subject, in each case, to provisions for the receipt of Alternative Form Consideration (as defined below).

The Share Cap is subject to pro rata adjustments for any share splits (including those effected pursuant to a distribution of our Class A common stock), subdivisions or combinations (in each case, a Share Split) with respect to our Class A common stock as follows: the adjusted Share Cap as the result of a Share Split will be the number of Class A common stock that is equivalent to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the Share Cap in effect immediately prior to such Share Split by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding after giving effect to such Share Split and the denominator of which is the number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding immediately prior to such Share Split.

In the case of a Change of Control/Delisting pursuant to which our Class A common stock will be converted into any combination of cash, securities or other property or assets (the “Alternative Form Consideration”), a holder of Series D Preferred Stock will receive upon conversion of such Series D Preferred Stock the kind and amount of Alternative Form Consideration that such holder would have owned or to which that holder would have been entitled to receive upon the Change of Control/Delisting had such holder held a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the Class A Common Stock Conversion Consideration immediately prior to the effective time of the Change of Control/Delisting (the “Alternative Conversion Consideration”), and the Class A Common Stock Conversion Consideration or the Alternative Conversion Consideration, as may be applicable to a Change of Control/Delisting, is referred to as the “Conversion Consideration.”

If the holders of our Class A common stock have the opportunity to elect the form of consideration to be received in the Change of Control/Delisting, the Conversion Consideration will be deemed to be the kind and amount of consideration actually received by holders of a majority of our Class A common stock that voted for such an election (if electing between two types of consideration) or holders of a plurality of our Class A common stock that voted for such an election (if electing between more than two types of consideration), as the case may be, and will be subject to any limitations to which all holders of our Class A common stock are subject, including, without limitation, pro rata reductions applicable to any portion of the consideration payable in the Change of Control/Delisting.

Within 15 days following the occurrence of a Change of Control/Delisting, we will provide to holders of Series D Preferred Stock a notice of occurrence of the Change of Control/Delisting that describes the resulting Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Right (the “Change of Control/Delisting Company Notice”), which will state the following:

We will issue a press release for publication on Dow Jones & Company, Inc., Business Wire, PR Newswire or Bloomberg Business News (or, if these organizations are not in existence at the time of issuance of the press release, such other news or press organization as is reasonably calculated to broadly disseminate the relevant information to the public), or post a notice on our website, in any event prior to the opening of business on the first business day following any date on which we provide the notice described above to the holders of Series D Preferred Stock.

To exercise the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Right, the holders of Series D Preferred Stock will be required to deliver, on or before the close of business on the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Date, the certificates (if any) or book entries representing Series D Preferred Stock to be converted, duly endorsed for transfer (if certificates are delivered), together with a completed written conversion notice to our transfer agent. The conversion notice must state:

Holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock may withdraw any notice of exercise of a Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Right (in whole or in part) by a written notice of withdrawal delivered to the transfer agent prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Change of Control/Delisting Conversion Date. The notice of withdrawal must state:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the shares of Series D Preferred Stock are held in global form, the notice of withdrawal must comply with applicable DTC procedures.

We will not issue fractional shares of Class A common stock upon the conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock. Instead, we will pay the cash value of any fractional share otherwise due, computed on the basis of the applicable Class A Common Share Price.

The “Class A Common Share Price” will be (i) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control/Delisting by the holders of our Class A common stock is solely cash, the amount of cash consideration per share of Class A common stock, or (ii) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control/Delisting by holders of our Class A common stock is other than solely cash, (x) the average of the closing sale prices per share of our Class A common stock (or, if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the closing bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average closing bid and the average closing ask prices) for the 10 consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the effective date of the Change of Control/Delisting as reported on the principal U.S. securities exchange on which our Class A common stock is then traded, or (y) if our Class A common stock is not then listed for trading on a U.S. securities exchange, the average of the last quoted bid prices for our Class A common stock in the over-the-counter market as reported by OTC Markets Group, Inc. or similar organization for the 10 consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the effective date of the Change of Control/Delisting.

Limited Voting Rights.

Holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights. However, if dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are in arrears for each of six or more consecutive quarterly periods, the number of directors on our board of directors will automatically be increased by two, and holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock and the holders of all other classes or series of Voting Preferred Stock, including our Series C Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class) will be entitled to vote, at a special meeting called upon the written request of the holders of at least 20% of such stock or at our next annual meeting and at each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders, for the election of two additional directors to serve on our board of directors (the “Preferred Directors”), until all accrued and unpaid dividends with respect to the Series D Preferred Stock and the other Parity Preferred Stock (including our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock) have been paid in full or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in full set apart for payment. The Preferred Directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election. For the avoidance of doubt, the board of directors shall not be permitted to fill the vacancies on the board of directors as a result of the failure of the holders of 20% of Voting Preferred Stock to deliver such written request for the election of the Preferred Directors.

So long as any shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding, in addition to any other vote or consent of stockholders required by our charter, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with the other Parity Preferred Stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred, authorize, create or issue, or increase the number of authorized or issued shares of, any class or series of capital stock ranking senior to the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or reclassify any of our authorized capital stock into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase such capital stock.

In addition, so long as any shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock, amend, alter or repeal our charter, including the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of substantially all of our assets or otherwise, so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series D Preferred Stock, except that with respect to the occurrence of any of the events set forth above, so long as the Series D Preferred Stock remains outstanding with the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock materially unchanged, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an event set forth above, we may not be the surviving entity, the occurrence of such event will not be deemed to materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the Series D Preferred Stock, and in such case such holders will not have any voting rights with respect to the events set forth above; provided, further, that with respect to any such amendment, alteration or repeal that equally affects the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class) will be required. Furthermore, if holders of shares of the Series D Preferred Stock will receive the greater of the full trading price of the Series D Preferred Stock on the date of an event set forth above or the $25.00 per share liquidation preference pursuant to the occurrence of any of the events set forth above or pursuant to a special optional redemption by us or a redemption at the option of the holder upon a Change of Control/Delisting, then such holders shall not have any voting rights with respect to the events set forth above.

In addition, and in circumstances other than the voting issues addressed in the paragraph above, so long as any shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock also will have the exclusive right to vote on any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series D Preferred Stock, and the holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal, with any such amendment requiring the affirmative vote or consent of holders of two-thirds of the Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at the time. With respect to any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock, that equally affects the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock, so long as any shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock and the other Voting Preferred Stock (voting together as a single class), also will have the exclusive right to vote on any such amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series D Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series D Preferred Stock and such other classes or series of preferred stock, and the holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal.

Holders of shares of Series D Preferred Stock will not be entitled to vote with respect to any increase in the total number of authorized shares of our common stock or preferred stock, any issuance or increase in the number of authorized shares of Series D Preferred Stock or the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock, or any issuance or increase in the number of authorized shares of any class or series of capital stock, in each case ranking on parity with or junior to the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Series T Redeemable Preferred Stock

The following is a brief description of the terms of our Series T Preferred Stock. The description of our Series T Preferred Stock contained herein does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Articles Supplementary classifying shares of our preferred stock as shares of Series T Preferred Stock (the “Series T Articles Supplementary”), which have been filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Rank.  Our Series T Preferred Stock ranks, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, winding-up or dissolution:

Investors in the Series T Preferred Stock should note that holders of our Series T Preferred Stock do not have a right to receive a return of capital prior to holders of our common stock upon the individual sale of a property. To provide protection to the holders of the Series T Preferred Stock, our charter restricts us from selling an asset if the sale would cause us to fail to meet a dividend coverage ratio of no less than 1.1:1 based on the ratio of our core funds from operations to dividends required to be paid to holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock,  Series D Preferred Stock and Series T Preferred Stock for the two most recent quarters, subject to our ability to maintain status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subject to the provisions of our charter and depending on the price at which such property is sold, it is possible that holders of our common stock will receive a return of capital prior to the holders of our Series T Preferred Stock being redeemed, provided that any accrued but unpaid cash dividends have been paid in full to holders of Series T Preferred Stock. Holders of common stock will also receive additional distributions from the sale of a property (in excess of their capital attributable to the asset sold) before the holders of Series T Preferred Stock receive a return of their capital.

Stated Value.  Each share of Series T Preferred Stock has an initial “Stated Value” of $25.00, subject to appropriate adjustment in relation to certain events as set forth in the Series T Articles Supplementary.

Dividends.  Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior to our Series T Preferred Stock, if any such class or series is authorized in the future, the holders of Series T Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when and as authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of legally available funds, the following.

1.       Series T Cash Dividends. Cumulative cash dividends on each share of Series T Preferred Stock at an annual rate of 6.15% of the Stated Value (each, a “Series T Cash Dividend”). We expect Series T Cash Dividends will be authorized and declared on a quarterly basis, payable monthly on the 5th day of the month to holders of record on the 25th day of the prior month (or if such payment date or record date is not a business day, on the immediately preceding business day, with the same force and effect as if made on such date), unless our results of operations, our general financing conditions, general economic conditions, applicable provisions of Maryland law or other factors make it imprudent to do so.

The initial Series T Cash Dividend payable on each share of Series T Preferred Stock will begin accruing on, and will be cumulative from, the date of original issuance of such share of Series T Preferred Stock. Each subsequent Series T Cash Dividend will begin accruing on, and will be cumulative from, the end of the most recent Series T Cash Dividend period for which a Series T Cash Dividend has been paid on each such share of Series T Preferred Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, any such Series T Cash Dividend may vary among holders of Series T Preferred Stock and may be prorated with respect to any shares of Series T Preferred Stock that were outstanding less than the total number of days in the Series T Cash Dividend period immediately preceding the applicable dividend payment date, with the amount of any such prorated dividend being computed on the basis of the actual number of days in such dividend period during which such shares of Series T Preferred Stock were outstanding.

2.       Annual Series T Stock Dividends.   Annual stock dividends, each at an annual rate of 0.2% of the Stated Value, for each of the first five years from and including the later of  (i) the year 2020 or (ii) the year of original issuance of each such share of Series T Preferred Stock, payable in shares of Series T Preferred Stock (each, an “Annual Series T Stock Dividend”).

We expect Annual Series T Stock Dividends will be authorized and declared on an annual basis, payable annually on the 29^th day of December to eligible holders of record at the close of business on the 24^th day of December of each such year (or if such payment date or record date is not a business day, on the immediately preceding business day, with the same force and effect as if made on such date), unless our results of operations, our general financing conditions, general economic conditions, applicable provisions of Maryland law or other factors make it imprudent to do so.

Annual Series T Stock Dividends will accrue and be cumulative on a monthly basis, from the end of the most recent Annual Series T Stock Dividend period for which an Annual Series T Stock Dividend has been paid on each such share of Series T Preferred Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, any such Annual Series T Stock Dividend may vary among holders of Series T Preferred Stock and may be prorated with respect to any shares of Series T Preferred Stock that were outstanding less than the total number of months in the Annual Series T Stock Dividend period to which the applicable dividend payment date relates, with the amount of any such prorated dividend being computed on the basis of the actual number of months during such dividend period in which such shares of Series T Preferred Stock were at any time outstanding.

The timing and amount of dividends on the Series T Preferred Stock will be determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and may vary from time to time. All such dividends will accrue and be paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Dividends on the Series T Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not (i) we have earnings, (ii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and (iii) such dividends are authorized by our board of directors or declared by us. Accrued dividends on the Series T Preferred Stock will not bear interest.

Holders of our shares of Series T Preferred Stock are not entitled to any dividend in excess of full cumulative dividends on our shares of Series T Preferred Stock. Unless full cumulative dividends on our shares of Series T Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock for all past dividend periods have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in full is set apart for payment, we will not:

To the extent necessary to preserve our status as a REIT, the foregoing sentence, however, will not prohibit declaring or paying or setting apart for payment any dividend or other distribution on our common stock or any class or series of our stock ranking junior to or on parity with the Series T Preferred Stock as to dividend rights or rights on our liquidation, winding-up or dissolution for any period.

Holders of shares of our Series T Preferred Stock are not eligible to participate in the company’s dividend reinvestment plan for its Class A common stock. However, holders of shares of our Series T Preferred Stock may participate in the company’s Series T Preferred Stock Dividend Reinvestment Plan, through which they may reinvest all, but not less than all, of their Series T Cash Dividends in additional shares of our Series T Preferred Stock.

Redemption at Option of Holders.    Holders will have the right to require the company to redeem shares of Series T Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, initially $25.00 per share, less a redemption fee, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid cash dividends; provided, that shares of Series T Preferred Stock acquired by the holder pursuant to the Series T DRIP (as hereinafter defined) shall not be subject to a redemption fee.

The redemption fee shall be equal to:

For purposes of this “Redemption at Option of Holders” provision, where the shares of Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed were acquired by the holder pursuant to an Annual Series T Stock Dividend (such shares, “ASTSD Shares”), the “date of original issuance” of such ASTSD Shares shall be deemed to be the same as the date of original issuance of the underlying shares of Series T Preferred Stock pursuant to which such ASTSD Shares are directly or indirectly attributable (such shares, “ASTSD Underlying Series T Shares”), and such ASTSD Shares shall be subject to the same redemption fee to which such ASTSD Underlying Series T Shares would be subject if submitted for simultaneous redemption hereunder.

If a holder of shares of Series T Preferred Stock causes the company to redeem such shares of Series T Preferred Stock, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the date of redemption.

Our ability to redeem shares of Series T Preferred Stock in cash may be limited to the extent that we do not have sufficient funds available to fund such cash redemption. Further, our obligation to redeem any of the shares of Series T Preferred Stock submitted for redemption in cash may be restricted by Maryland law. No redemptions of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will be made in cash at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement to which we are a party prohibits such redemption or provides that such redemption would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder.

Optional Redemption Following Death of a Holder.   Subject to restrictions, beginning on the date of original issuance and ending five years thereafter, we will redeem shares of Series T Preferred Stock held by a natural person upon his or her death, including shares held through a revocable grantor trust, or an IRA or other retirement or profit-sharing plan, at the written request of the holder’s estate, the recipient of such shares through bequest or inheritance, or, in the case of a revocable grantor trust, the trustee of such trust, who shall have the sole ability to request redemption on behalf of the trust. If spouses are joint registered holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock, the written request to redeem such shares may be made upon the death of either spouse. We must receive such written request within one year after the death of the holder. If the holder is not a natural person, such as a trust (other than a revocable grantor trust) or a partnership, corporation or similar legal entity, the right of redemption upon death shall be subject to the approval of company management in its sole discretion. We will redeem such shares of Series T Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Stated Value, plus an amount equal to accrued but unpaid cash dividends thereon through and including the date of redemption. Upon any such redemption request, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the date of redemption. Our ability to redeem shares of Series T Preferred Stock in cash may be limited to the extent that we do not have sufficient funds available to fund such cash redemption. Further, our obligation to redeem any of the shares of Series T Preferred Stock submitted for redemption in cash may be restricted by Maryland law. No redemptions of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will be made in cash at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement to which we are a party prohibits such redemption or provides that such redemption would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder.

For purposes of this “Optional Redemption Following Death of a Holder” provision, when the shares of Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed were acquired by the holder pursuant to either (i) the Series T DRIP or (ii) an Annual Series T Stock Dividend (such shares, “DRIP/ASTSD Shares”), the “date of original issuance” of such DRIP/ASTSD Shares shall be deemed to be the same as the date of original issuance of the underlying shares of Series T Preferred Stock pursuant to which such DRIP/ASTSD Shares are directly or indirectly attributable (such shares, “DRIP/ASTSD Underlying Series T Shares”).

Optional Redemption by the Company.   Beginning two years from the date of original issuance of the shares of Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed, we will have the right to redeem any or all shares of our Series T Preferred Stock. We will redeem such shares of Series T Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to 100% of the Stated Value per share of Series T Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid cash dividends. We have the right, in our sole discretion, to pay the redemption price in cash or in equal value of shares of our Class A common stock, based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the date of the redemption, in exchange for the Series T Preferred Stock.

For purposes of this “Optional Redemption by the Company” provision, where the shares of Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed are DRIP/ASTSD Shares, the “date of original issuance” of such DRIP/ASTSD Shares shall be deemed to be the same as the date of original issuance of the DRIP/ASTSD Underlying Series T Shares, and such DRIP/ASTSD Shares shall become subject to optional redemption by the company hereunder on the same date as the DRIP/ASTSD Underlying Series T Shares.

We may exercise our redemption right by delivering a written notice thereof to all, but not less than all, of the holders of the shares of Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed. A notice of redemption shall be irrevocable. Each such notice will state the date on which the redemption by us shall occur, which date will be no less than seven (7) days following the notice date.

Change of Control Redemption by the Company.   Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined below), we will be required to redeem all outstanding shares of the Series T Preferred Stock in whole within 60 days after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred, in cash at a redemption price of  $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid cash dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date; provided, however, that if the Maryland law solvency tests prohibit us from paying the full redemption price in cash, then we will pay such portion as would otherwise violate the solvency tests in shares of our Class A common stock to holders of the Series T Preferred Stock on a pro rata basis, based on the closing price per share of our Class A common stock for the single trading day prior to the date of redemption. Further, our obligation to redeem any of the shares of Series T Preferred Stock in cash may be restricted by Maryland law. No redemptions of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will be made in cash at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement to which we are a party prohibits such redemption or provides that such redemption would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder.

We will mail to you, if you are a record holder of the Series T Preferred Stock, a notice of redemption no fewer than seven days before the redemption date. We will send the notice to your address shown on our stock transfer books. A failure to give notice of redemption or any defect in the notice or in its mailing will not affect the validity of the redemption of any Series T Preferred Stock except as to the holder to whom notice was defective. Each notice will state the following:

If we have given a notice of redemption and have set apart sufficient funds for the redemption in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Series T Preferred Stock called for redemption, then from and after the redemption date, those shares of Series T Preferred Stock will be treated as no longer being outstanding, no further dividends will accrue and all other rights of the holders of those shares of Series T Preferred Stock will terminate. The holders of those shares of Series T Preferred Stock will retain their right to receive the redemption price for their shares and an amount equal to all accrued but unpaid cash dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date, without interest.

The holders of Series T Preferred Stock at the close of business on a dividend record date will be entitled to receive the dividend payable with respect to the Series T Preferred Stock on the corresponding payment date notwithstanding the redemption of the Series T Preferred Stock between such record date and the corresponding payment date or our default in the payment of the dividend due. Except as provided above, we will make no payment or allowance for unpaid cash dividends, whether or not in arrears, on Series T Preferred Stock to be redeemed.

For purposes of the Series T Preferred Stock, “Change of Control” is when, after the original issuance of the Series T Preferred Stock, any of the following has occurred and is continuing:

For purposes of the Series T Preferred Stock, “Series T Continuing Director” means a director who either was a member of our board of directors on November 13, 2019 or who becomes a member of our board of directors subsequent to that date and whose appointment, election or nomination for election by our stockholders was duly approved by a majority of the continuing directors on our board of directors at the time of such approval, either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement issued by our company on behalf of our board of directors in which such individual is named as nominee for director.

Liquidation Preference. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, before any distribution or payment shall be made to holders of our common stock or any other class or series of capital stock ranking junior to our shares of Series T Preferred Stock, the holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid out of our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders, after payment or provision for our debts and other liabilities, a liquidation preference equal to the Stated Value per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid cash dividends (whether or not declared) to and including the date of payment, pari passu with the holders of shares of any other class or series of our capital stock ranking on parity with the Series T Preferred Stock, including the Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock, as to the liquidation preference and accrued but unpaid dividends they are entitled to receive.

After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of our shares of Series T Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. Our consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, trust or other entity, the consolidation or merger of any other corporation, trust or entity with or into us, the sale or transfer of any or all our assets or business, or a statutory share exchange will not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs.

In determining whether a distribution (other than upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation), by dividend, redemption or other acquisition of shares of our stock or otherwise, is permitted under the MGCL, amounts that would be needed, if we were to be dissolved at the time of distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of holders of the Series T Preferred Stock will not be added to our total liabilities.

Voting Rights.   Our Series T Preferred Stock generally has no voting rights, except as set forth below.

So long as any shares of Series T Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will have the exclusive right to vote on any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series T Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series T Preferred Stock, and the holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal, with any such amendment requiring the affirmative vote or consent of holders of two-thirds of the Series T Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at the time.

In addition, holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock and of any other Voting Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, will also have the exclusive right to vote on any amendment, alteration or repeal of our charter, including the terms of the Series T Preferred Stock, that would alter only the contract rights, as expressly set forth in our charter, of the Series T Preferred Stock and such other Voting Preferred Stock, with any such action requiring the affirmative vote or consent of holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock and such other Voting Preferred Stock entitled to cast two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, with each holder of Series T Preferred Stock and such other Voting Preferred Stock entitled to one vote for each $25.00 in liquidation preference. As of December 31, 2020, the other Voting Preferred Stock in the foregoing matter includes the Series C Preferred Stock, and the Series D Preferred Stock. The holders of any other classes or series of our capital stock will not be entitled to vote on such an amendment, alteration or repeal.

Further, so long as any shares of Series T Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will also have the right to vote to (a) authorize, create or issue, or increase the number of authorized or issued shares of, any class or series of our capital stock ranking senior to the Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock or Series T Preferred Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up (any such senior stock, the “Senior Stock”), (b) reclassify any authorized shares of our capital stock into Senior Stock, or (c) create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into, or evidencing the right to purchase, Senior Stock. Any such action will require the following:

Holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will not be entitled to vote with respect to any increase in the total number of authorized shares of our common stock or preferred stock, any issuance or increase in the number of authorized shares of Series T Preferred Stock or the creation or issuance of any other class or series of capital stock, or any increase in the number of authorized shares of any class or series of capital stock, in each case ranking on parity with or junior to the Series T Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Except as described above, holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock will not have any voting rights with respect to, and the consent of the holders of shares of Series T Preferred Stock is not required for, the taking of any corporate action, regardless of the effect that such corporate action may have upon the powers, preferences, voting power or other rights or privileges of the Series T Preferred Stock.

Dividend Coverage Ratio.   For so long as any shares of Series T Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the company will maintain a Dividend Coverage Ratio (as defined below) of not less than 1.1:1 (the “Series T Coverage Requirement”) as of the end of each calendar quarter. If the Dividend Coverage Ratio is below the Series T Coverage Requirement as reflected in a Current Filing (as defined below), then on and after the date of such Current Filing and until and unless the Series T Coverage Requirement has been met, the company shall not (i) issue any additional shares of Parity Preferred Stock, nor (ii) make any voluntary distributions on shares of Class A common stock or any other class or series of our capital stock other than stock that, pursuant to its express terms, ranks junior to the Series T Preferred Stock with respect to any other distributions or liquidation rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs (“Junior Stock”); in either case, other than distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT for tax purposes.

For purposes of the Series T Coverage Requirement, the Dividend Coverage Ratio shall equal the quotient of: (A) our Core Funds from Operations, or CFFO (as more fully defined below), as set forth in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as applicable and including any amendment thereof, filed during the most recent quarter (the “Current Filing”), and further adjusted to add back the expense of all preferred dividends, for the two most recent quarters, plus the sum of: (1) the product of (a)(i) unrestricted cash on our balance sheet as reflected in the Current Filing, minus (ii) an amount equal to the greater of  $5,000,000 or 5.0% of the amount in subclause (1)(a)(i) (provided, if such calculation would cause the amount to be negative, it will instead be equal to zero), multiplied by (b) a 5.0% annualized rate of return over such quarterly period, and (2) the product of  (a)(i) unrestricted cash on our balance sheet as reflected in the filing filed immediately preceding the Current Filing, minus (ii) an amount equal to the greater of  $5,000,000 or 5.0% of the amount in subclause (2)(a)(i) (provided, if such calculation would cause the amount to be negative, it will instead be equal to zero), multiplied by (b) a 5.0% annualized rate of return over such quarterly period; over (B) the amount of preferred dividends required to be distributed to the Series T Holders and any (x) Parity Preferred Stock, or (y)  any preferred stock the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks senior to the Series T Preferred Stock with respect to any other distributions or liquidation rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs for such quarters without any breach, default or deferral with respect to any such distributions.

For purposes of the Series T Coverage Requirement, CFFO means our Core Funds from Operations, as set forth in our Current Filing; provided that such amount is calculated in a manner substantially consistent with the manner in which CFFO was calculated in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed for the third quarter of 2019 or in a manner otherwise calculated in accordance with commonly accepted industry practices at the time of the Current Filing (the “CFFO Calculation Standard”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if we do not report CFFO in a Current Filing, either in response to industry practice or as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission or other regulatory body, CFFO for such applicable period will be calculated in a manner consistent with the manner in which CFFO was calculated in the last periodic filing in which CFFO was (a) included and (b) calculated in a manner consistent with the CFFO Calculation Standard.

So long as any shares of Series T Redeemable Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we will not sell an asset if such sale would cause us to fail to meet the Coverage Requirement, with CFFO for such purposes determined on a reasonable pro forma basis to adjust for the effect of disposing of the subject property, unless such sale is reasonably necessary for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as determined by a majority of our independent directors.

Exchange Listing.   We do not plan on making an application to list the shares of our Series T Redeemable Preferred Stock on the NYSE American, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the federal tax laws, we must meet several requirements concerning the ownership of our outstanding capital stock. Specifically, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the U.S. federal income tax laws to include specified private foundations, employee benefit plans and trusts, and charitable trusts) during the last half of any taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year. Moreover, our outstanding shares of capital stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year.

Because our board of directors believes it is essential for our company to qualify and continue to qualify as a REIT and for other corporate purposes, our charter, subject to the exceptions described below, provides that no person may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the U.S. federal income tax laws, more than 9.8% of:

For purposes of this calculation, Warrants treated as held by a person will be deemed to have been exercised. However, unless our board of directors decides to apply a different interpretation of our charter, Warrants held by unrelated persons will not be deemed to be exercised. As a result of this treatment, shares that could be received upon an exercise of a Warrant held by an investor will be included in both the numerator and the denominator when calculating how many shares an investor may own without violating the 9.8% ownership limits. In addition, the articles supplementary establishing each of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series B Preferred Stock, the Series C Preferred Stock, the Series D Preferred Stock and the Series T Preferred Stock (respectively) provide that generally no person may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, either more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock or Series T Preferred Stock (as applicable). We refer to these limitations regarding the ownership of our shares collectively as the “9.8% Ownership Limitation.” Further, our charter provides for certain circumstances where our board of directors may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8% Ownership Limitation and establish or increase an excepted holder limit for such person. Subject to certain conditions, our board of directors may also increase the 9.8% Ownership Limitation for one or more persons and decrease the 9.8% Ownership Limitation for all other persons.

To assist us in preserving our status as a REIT, among other purposes, our charter also contains limitations on the ownership and transfer of shares of capital stock that would:

Any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void, with the intended transferee acquiring no rights in such shares of stock. If any transfer of our stock occurs which, if effective, would result in any person owning shares in violation of the other limitations described above (including the 9.8% Ownership Limitation), then that number of shares the ownership of which otherwise would cause such person to violate such limitations, rounded up to the nearest whole share, will automatically result in such shares being designated as shares-in- trust and transferred automatically to a trust effective on the close of business on the business day before the purported transfer of such shares. We will designate the trustee, but it will not be affiliated with our company. The beneficiary of the trust will be one or more charitable organizations that are named by our company. If the transfer to the trust would not be effective for any reason to prevent a violation of the limitations on ownership and transfer, then the transfer of that number of shares that otherwise would cause the violation will be null and void, with the intended transferee acquiring no rights in such shares.

Shares-in-trust will remain shares of issued and outstanding capital stock and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other stock of the same class or series but the intended transferee will acquire no rights in those shares. The trustee will receive all dividends and other distributions on the shares-in-trust and will hold such dividends or other distributions in trust for the benefit of the beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares of stock have been transferred to the trustee will be paid by the recipient to the trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. The trustee will vote all shares-in-trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares-in-trust were transferred to the trustee, the trustee will have the authority to rescind as void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust and to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast the vote.

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will sell the shares to a person designated by the trustee whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership limitations. Upon the sale, the interest of the beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the record holder of the shares that are designated as shares-in-trust (the “Prohibited Owner”), and to the beneficiary as follows. The Prohibited Owner generally will receive from the trust the lesser of:

The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the trustee. The trust will distribute to the beneficiary any amounts received by the trust in excess of the amounts to be paid to the Prohibited Owner. If, prior to our discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the proposed transferee, then the shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and, to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount the Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.

In addition, the shares-in-trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:

We may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the trustee. We may pay the amount of such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the beneficiary.

“Market price” on any date means the closing price for our stock on such date. The “closing price” refers to the last sale price, regular way as reported by the primary securities exchange or market on which our stock is then listed or quoted for trading. If our stock is not so listed or quoted at the time of determination of the market price, our board of directors will determine the market price.

If you acquire or attempt or intend to acquire shares of our capital stock in violation of the foregoing restrictions, or if you owned common or preferred stock that was transferred to a trust, then we will require you to give us immediate written notice of such event or, in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, at least 15 days written notice, and to provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT.

If you own, directly or indirectly, 5% or more, or such lower percentages as required under the U.S. federal income tax laws, of our outstanding shares of stock, then you must, upon request following the end of each taxable year, provide to us a written statement or affidavit stating your name and address, the number of shares of capital stock owned directly or indirectly, and a description of how such shares are held. In addition, each direct or indirect stockholder must provide to us such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such ownership on our qualification as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the 9.8% Ownership Limitation.

The 9.8% Ownership Limitation generally will not apply to the acquisition of shares of capital stock by an underwriter that participates in a public offering of such shares. In addition, our board of directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or an opinion of counsel and upon such other conditions as our board of directors may direct, including the receipt of certain representations and undertakings required by our charter, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the ownership limit and establish or increase an excepted holder limit for such person. The 9.8% Ownership Limitation will continue to apply until our board of directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of our company to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT or that compliance is no longer required for REIT qualification.

All certificates, if any, representing our common or preferred stock, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above or a legend that we will furnish a full statement about these restrictions on request and without charge.

The ownership limit in our charter may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a takeover or other transaction or change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for your shares or otherwise be in your interest as a stockholder.

Distributions

During certain periods of our operations, we have funded distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, such as from offering proceeds, borrowings and the sale of assets to the extent distributions exceeded our earnings or cash flows from operations, and may do so in the future if we are unable to make distributions with our cash flows from our operations. Generally, our policy is to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. Further, because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a particular period to fund capital expenditures and other expenses, we expect that from time to time, we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these funds. We may fund such distributions from third party borrowings, offering proceeds, or sale proceeds. To the extent we invest in development or redevelopment projects or in properties that have significant capital requirements, these properties will not immediately generate operating cash flow, and although we intend to structure many of these investments under our Invest-to-Own strategy to provide for income to us during the development stage, our ability to make distributions may be negatively impacted.

Subject to the preferential rights of holders of our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series C Preferred Stock, our Series D Preferred Stock, our Series T Preferred Stock and any other class or series of stock, our board of directors intends to authorize, and we intend to declare, dividends on our Class A common stock and our Class C common stock quarterly, in arrears. The record date and payment date will be as determined by our board of directors in their sole discretion; however, we expect such dividends to also be payable quarterly, in arrears. Distributions will be paid to stockholders as of the record dates for the periods selected by the directors.

We are required to make distributions sufficient to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT for tax purposes. Generally, distributed income will not be taxable to us under the Code if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss.

Distributions are authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flow, anticipated cash flow and general financial condition and subject in all cases to requirements under Maryland law. The board’s discretion will be directed, in substantial part, by its intention to cause us to continue to qualify as a REIT.

Many of the factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders are beyond our control, and a change in any one factor could adversely affect our ability to pay future distributions. There can be no assurance that future cash flow will support distributions at the rate that such distributions are paid in any particular distribution period.

Under Maryland law, we may issue our own securities as stock dividends in lieu of making cash distributions to stockholders. We may issue securities as stock dividends in the future.

DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

We may issue depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest in a share of a particular class or series of our preferred stock, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Shares of a class or series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement that we will enter into with a bank or trust company named therein, as depositary, which depositary receipts will evidence the depositary shares. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary receipt will be entitled, in proportion to the fractional interest in a share of a particular class or series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by that depositary receipt, to the rights and preferences of, and will be subject to the limitations and restrictions on, the class or series of preferred stock represented by those depositary shares (including, if applicable, dividend, voting, conversion, redemption and liquidation rights).

Some of the particular terms of the depositary shares offered by the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as some of the terms of the related deposit agreement, will be described in the prospectus supplement, which may also include, if applicable, a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations.

Copies of the applicable form of deposit agreement and depositary receipt will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or to a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and may be obtained as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.” The statements in this prospectus relating to any deposit agreement, the depositary receipts to be issued thereunder and the related depositary shares are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof and do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the applicable deposit agreement and related depositary receipts. Accordingly, you should read the form of deposit agreement and depositary receipt in their entirety before making an investment decision.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The debt securities that we may issue may constitute debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of our indebtedness, to be issued in one or more series, which may include senior debt securities, subordinated debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities.

Debt securities that we may issue may be issued under a senior indenture between us and a trustee, or a subordinated indenture between us and a trustee, which we refer to individually as an indenture and, collectively, as the indentures. The descriptions in this section relating to the debt securities and the indentures are summaries of their provisions. The summaries are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual indentures and debt securities and the further descriptions in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we enter into any revised indenture or indenture supplement, we will file a copy of that revised indenture or indenture supplement with the SEC. A form of the senior indenture and a form of the subordinated indenture under which we may issue our debt securities have been filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Whenever we refer in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement to particular sections or defined terms of an indenture, those sections or defined terms are incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in the prospectus supplement, as applicable. You should refer to the provisions of the indentures for provisions that may be important to you.

The particular terms of any series of debt securities we offer, including the extent to which the general terms set forth below may be applicable to a particular series, will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series.

General

We may issue an indeterminate principal amount of debt securities in separate series. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. The debt securities will have terms that are consistent with the applicable indenture. Unless the prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, senior debt securities will be unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and will rank equal with all our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. We will make payments on our subordinated debt securities only if we have made all payments due under our senior indebtedness, including any outstanding senior debt securities.

The indentures might not limit the amount of other debt that we may incur and might not contain financial or similar restrictive covenants. The indentures might not contain any provision to protect holders of debt securities against a sudden or dramatic decline in our ability to pay our debt.

We will describe the debt securities and the price or prices at which we will offer the debt securities in a prospectus supplement. We will describe:

Conversion and Exchange Rights

If applicable, we will describe the terms on which you may convert debt securities into or exchange them for common stock or other securities or property in the applicable prospectus supplement. The conversion or exchange may be mandatory or may be at your option. We will describe how to calculate the number of shares of common stock or other securities or property that you will receive upon conversion or exchange in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities

We will pay the indebtedness underlying the subordinated debt securities if we have made all payments due under our senior indebtedness, including any outstanding senior debt securities. If we distribute our assets to creditors upon any dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar proceedings, we must first pay all amounts due or to become due on all senior indebtedness before we pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, the subordinated debt securities. If an event of default accelerates the subordinated debt securities, we may not make any payment on the subordinated debt securities until we have paid all senior indebtedness or the acceleration is rescinded. If the payment of subordinated debt securities accelerates because of an event of default, we must promptly notify holders of senior indebtedness of the acceleration.

If we experience a bankruptcy, dissolution or reorganization, holders of senior indebtedness may receive more, ratably, and holders of subordinated debt securities may receive less, ratably, than our other creditors. The indenture for subordinated debt securities may not limit our ability to incur additional senior indebtedness.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue debt securities only in fully registered form, without coupons, and only in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. The holder of a debt security may elect, subject to the terms of the applicable indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities, to exchange them for other debt securities of the same series of any authorized denomination and of similar terms and aggregate principal amount.

Holders of debt securities may present them for exchange as provided above or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer duly executed, at the office of the transfer agent we designate for that purpose. We will not impose a service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange of debt securities, but we may require a payment sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the transfer or exchange. We will name the transfer agent in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, but we must maintain a transfer agent in each place in which we will pay on debt securities.

If we redeem the debt securities, we will not be required to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any debt security during a specified period prior to mailing a notice of redemption. We are not required to register the transfer of or exchange any debt security selected for redemption, except the unredeemed portion of the debt security being redeemed.

Global Securities

The debt securities may be represented, in whole or in part, by one or more global securities that will have an aggregate principal amount equal to that of all debt securities of that series. We will deposit each global security with a depositary or a custodian. The global security will bear a legend regarding the restrictions on exchanges and registration of transfer.

No global security may be exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities registered, and no transfer of a global security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any person other than the depositary or any nominee or successor of the depositary unless:

The depositary will determine how all securities issued in exchange for a global security will be registered.

As long as the depositary or its nominee is the registered holder of a global security, we will consider the depositary or the nominee to be the sole owner and holder of the global security and the underlying debt securities. Except as stated above, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have the global security or any debt security registered in their names, will not receive physical delivery of certificated debt securities and will not be considered to be the owners or holders of the global security or underlying debt securities. We will make all payments of principal, premium and interest on a global security to the depositary or its nominee. The laws of some jurisdictions require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. These laws may prevent you from transferring your beneficial interests in a global security.

Only institutions that have accounts with the depositary or its nominee and persons that hold beneficial interests through the depositary or its nominee may own beneficial interests in a global security. The depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of debt securities represented by the global security to the accounts of its participants. Your ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be shown only on, and the transfer of those ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary or any such participant.

The policies and procedures of the depositary may govern payments, transfers, exchanges and others matters relating to beneficial interests in a global security. We and the trustee will assume no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the depositary’s or any participant’s records relating to, or for payments made on account of, beneficial interests in a global security.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we indicate otherwise, we will pay principal and any premium or interest on a debt security to the person in whose name the debt security is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest.

Unless we indicate otherwise, we will pay principal and any premium or interest on the debt securities at the office of our designated paying agent. Unless we indicate otherwise, the corporate trust office of the trustee will be the paying agent for the debt securities.

We will name any other paying agents for the debt securities of a particular series in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may designate additional paying agents, rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, but we must maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities.

The paying agent will return to us all money we pay to it for the payment of the principal, premium or interest on any debt security that remains unclaimed for a specified period. Thereafter, the holder may look only to us for payment, as an unsecured general creditor.

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

Except as may be provided for a series of debt securities, under the terms of the indentures, so long as any securities remain outstanding, we may not consolidate or enter into a share exchange with or merge into any other person, in a transaction in which we are not the surviving corporation, or sell, convey, transfer or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any person, unless:

Events of Default

Each of the following will constitute an event of default under each indenture:

If an event of default occurs and continues, both the trustee and holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may declare the principal amount of the debt securities of that series to be immediately due and payable. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul the acceleration if all events of default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived.

Except for certain duties in case of an event of default, the trustee will not be obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers at the request or direction of any of the holders, unless the holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. If they provide this indemnification, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of any series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any proceeding with respect to the indentures, or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy, unless:

Modification and Waiver

We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters, including:

In addition, under the indentures, we and the trustee may change the rights of holders of a series of notes with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of the holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive any past default under the indenture with respect to debt securities of that series, except a default in the payment of principal, premium or interest on any debt security of that series or in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture that cannot be waived or amended without each holder’s consent.

Except in certain limited circumstances, we may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of outstanding debt securities of any series entitled to give or take any direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action under the indentures. In certain limited circumstances, the trustee may set a record date. To be effective, the action must be taken by holders of the requisite principal amount of such debt securities within a specified period following the record date.

Defeasance

We may apply the provisions in the indentures relating to defeasance and discharge of indebtedness, or to defeasance of certain restrictive covenants, to the debt securities of any series. The indentures provide that, upon satisfaction of the requirements described below, we may terminate all of our obligations under the debt securities of any series and the applicable indenture, known as legal defeasance, other than our obligation:

In addition, we may terminate our obligation to comply with any restrictive covenants under the debt securities of any series or the applicable indenture, known as covenant defeasance.

We may exercise our legal defeasance option even if we have previously exercised our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise either defeasance option, payment of the notes may not be accelerated because of the occurrence of events of default.

To exercise either defeasance option as to debt securities of any series, we must irrevocably deposit in trust with the trustee money and/or obligations backed by the full faith and credit of the United States that will provide money in an amount sufficient in the written opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay the principal of, premium on, if any, and each installment of interest on the debt securities. We may establish this trust only if:

Notices

We will mail notices to holders of debt securities as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Title

We may treat the person in whose name a debt security is registered as the absolute owner, whether or not such debt security may be overdue, for the purpose of making payment and for all other purposes.

Governing Law

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of New York.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or depositary shares. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any securities or may be attached to or separate from the securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into by us with a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.

We will describe the specific terms of any warrants we may offer in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to those warrants, which terms will include:

Each warrant will entitle the holder of the warrant to purchase for cash or upon cash-less exercise, if applicable, the number of debt securities, shares of common stock or preferred stock or depositary shares at the exercise price stated or determinable in the applicable prospectus supplement. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the debt securities, shares of common stock or preferred stock or depositary shares that the warrant holder has purchased. If the warrant holder exercises the warrant for less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of two or more of the following: shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and depositary shares or any combination of such securities.

BOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT

We may issue the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus in certificated or book-entry form or in the form of one or more global securities. The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the manner in which the securities offered thereby will be issued.

IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND CORPORATE LAW AND OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

The following is a summary of some of the important provisions of Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws in effect as of the date of this prospectus, copies of which are filed as an exhibit to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates and may also be obtained from us.

Our Charter and Bylaws

Stockholder rights and related matters are governed by the MGCL and our charter and bylaws. Provisions of our charter and bylaws, which are summarized below, may make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and may discourage or make more difficult any attempt by a person or group to obtain control of our company.

Stockholders’ Meetings

An annual meeting of our stockholders will be held each year on the date and at the time and place, if any, set by our board of directors for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting. A special meeting of our stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the bylaws, including by the president, the chief executive officer, the chairman of the board, or our board of directors, and, subject to certain procedural requirements set forth in our bylaws, must be called by the secretary to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of stockholders upon written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting. Subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock contained in our charter and the terms of any class or series of preferred stock and except as may otherwise be specified in our charter, at any meeting of the stockholders, each outstanding share of Class A common stock entitles the owner of record thereof on the applicable record date to cast one vote on all matters voted on by common stockholders, including the election of directors, and each outstanding share of Class C common stock entitles the owner of record thereof on the applicable record date to cast fifty votes per share on each matter on which holders of Class A common stock are entitled to vote,. In general, the presence in person or by proxy of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote constitutes a quorum, and any matter approved by our stockholders by the vote required under the MGCL, our charter or our bylaws, as applicable will be binding on all of our stockholders.

Our Board of Directors

Subject to the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only by the vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter), and then only by our stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.

Each director will serve a term beginning on the date of his or her election and ending on the next annual meeting of the stockholders and when his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Because holders of common stock have no right to cumulative voting for the election of directors, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of the shares of common stock with a majority of the voting power of the common stock will be able to elect all of the directors.

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification

The MGCL permits us to include in our charter a provision eliminating the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision eliminating such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity and permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to or in which they may be made or threatened to be made a party or witness by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:

The MGCL prohibits us from indemnifying a director or officer who has been adjudged liable in a suit by us or on our behalf or in which the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received. A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received; however, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or on our behalf, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

Our charter authorizes us to obligate ourselves, and our bylaws require us, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to our directors and our officers (including any director or officer who is or was serving at the request of our company as a director, officer, partner, member, manager or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise). In addition, our charter and our bylaws permit us, with the approval of our board of directors, to provide such indemnification and advance of expenses to any individual who served a predecessor of us in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of us or a predecessor of us.

However, the SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and unenforceable.

We may also purchase and maintain insurance to indemnify such parties against the liability assumed by them whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against this same liability.

Takeover Provisions of the MGCL

The following paragraphs summarize some provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders.

Business Combinations

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (defined as any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s then outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board. After the five-year prohibition, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than voting stock held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has opted out of these provisions of the MGCL provided that the business combination is first approved by our board of directors, in which case, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any person. However, such resolution can be altered or repealed, in whole or in part, at any time by our board of directors. As a result, any person may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders without compliance by our company with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.

Control Share Acquisitions

The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors:

“Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved, or, if no such meeting is held, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (1) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (2) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock. We cannot assure you that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

Subtitle 8

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of the following five provisions:

We have elected to be subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 that require that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors and that any director elected by the board of directors shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and require, unless called by the president, the chief executive officer, the chairman of the board or our board of directors, the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of stockholders to call a special meeting to act on such matter.

Dissolution or Termination of Our Company

We are an infinite-life corporation that may be dissolved under the MGCL at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of our entire board and of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our Operating Partnership has a perpetual existence.

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (3) by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the record date for the meeting, at the time of giving the advance notice required by our bylaws and at the time of the meeting (and any adjournment or postponement thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on such other business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (2) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with our bylaws for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the record date for the meeting, at the time of giving the advance notice required by our bylaws and at the time of the meeting (and any adjournment or postponement thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.

Exclusive Forum

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or our charter or bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

This section summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax considerations that you, as a securityholder, may consider relevant in connection with the purchase, ownership and disposition of our securities. Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. has acted as our special tax counsel, has reviewed this summary, and is of the opinion that the discussion contained herein is accurate in all material respects. Because this section is a summary, it does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular securityholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of securityholders that are subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, such as:

This summary assumes that securityholders hold shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which generally means property held for investment.

The statements in this section are not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. The statements in this section are based on the Code, final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and policies endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change the current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on which the information in this section is based. Any such change could apply retroactively. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.

WE URGE YOU TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF OUR SECURITIES AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REIT. SPECIFICALLY, YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE AND ELECTION, AND REGARDING POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.

Taxation of our Company

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. We believe that we have been organized and have operated so as to qualify us as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010, and intend to continue to so operate. This section discusses the laws governing the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its securityholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.

In the opinion of Vinson & Elkins L.L.P., we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for our taxable years ended December 31, 2010 through December 31, 2020, and our organization and current and proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT for our taxable year ending December 31, 2021 and in the future. Investors should be aware that Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.’s opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets, the conduct of our business, and the value of our common stock, is not binding upon the IRS or any court, and speaks as of the date issued. In addition, Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.’s opinion is based on existing U.S. federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively.

Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual results, certain qualification tests set forth in the U.S. federal tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.’s opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions described below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see “— Failure to Qualify.”

As long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation,” or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally applies to distributions by a corporation to its stockholders. However, even if we qualify as a REIT, we will nonetheless be subject to U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:

In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, any TRSs we form in the future will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on their taxable income.

Requirements for Qualification

A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each of the following requirements:

We must meet requirements 1 through 4, 8 and 9 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining stock ownership under requirement 6, an “individual” generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An “individual,” however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the U.S. federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6.

Our charter provides restrictions regarding the transfer and ownership of shares of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” We believe that we have issued sufficient stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. The restrictions in our charter are intended (among other things) to assist us in continuing to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy such share ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, our qualification as a REIT may terminate.

Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A “qualified REIT subsidiary” is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any “qualified REIT subsidiary” that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.

Other Disregarded Entities and Partnerships

An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership or limited liability company that has a single owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes, generally is not treated as an entity separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners for U.S. federal income tax purposes is generally treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Our proportionate share for purposes of the 10% value test (see “— Asset Tests”) is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which we acquire an equity interest, directly or indirectly, will be treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.

We own limited partner or non-managing member interests in partnerships and limited liability companies that are joint ventures, and we intend to acquire similar interests in the future. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were able to qualify for a statutory REIT “savings” provision, which could require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.

Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

A REIT may own up to 100% of the shares of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation (other than a REIT) of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the securities will automatically be treated as a TRS. We will not be treated as holding the assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock issued by a TRS to us will be an asset in our hands, and we will treat the distributions paid to us from such TRS, if any, as income to the extent of the TRS’s earnings and profits. This treatment may affect our compliance with the gross income and asset tests. Because we will not include the assets and income of TRSs in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to undertake activities indirectly, such as earning fee income, that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. Overall, no more than 20% (25% for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2017) of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.

A TRS pays income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. For example, deductions are disallowed for business interest expense (even if paid to third parties) in excess of the sum of a taxpayer’s business interest income and 30% (adjusted, in the absence of an election otherwise, to 50% for the 2020 taxable year under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”)) of the adjusted taxable income of the business, which is its taxable income computed without regard to business interest income or expense, net operating losses (“NOLs”) or the pass-through income deductions (and for taxable years before 2022, excludes depreciation and amortization). Such limitations may also impact the amount of U.S. federal income tax paid by a TRS. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

A TRS may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any health care facilities or lodging facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any health care facility or lodging facility is operated. A TRS is not considered to operate or manage a “qualified health care property” or “qualified lodging facility” solely because the TRS directly or indirectly possesses a license, permit, or similar instrument enabling it to do so.

Rent that we receive from a TRS will qualify as “rents from real property” as long as (1) at least 90% of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other than TRSs and related-party tenants, and (2) the amount paid by the TRS to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable space, as described in further detail below under “— Gross Income Tests — Rents from Real Property.” If we lease space to a TRS in the future, we will seek to comply with these requirements.

Gross Income Tests

We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test generally includes:

Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of shares or securities, or any combination of these; however, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, for purposes of the 95% gross income test, gain from the sale of “real estate assets” includes gain from the sale of a debt instrument issued by a “publicly offered REIT.” Cancellation of indebtedness income (“COD income”) and gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business are excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both gross income tests. In addition, income and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Finally, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. See “— Foreign Currency Gain.” The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.

Rents from Real Property

Rent that we receive, including as a result of our ownership of preferred or common equity interests in a partnership that owns rental properties, from our real property will qualify as “rents from real property,” which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:

If a portion of the rent that we receive from a property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT qualification. If, however, the rent from a particular property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because either (1) the rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related tenant, (2) the tenant either is a related party tenant or fails to qualify for the exceptions to the related party tenant rule for qualifying TRSs or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the property, or manage or operate the property, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a TRS, none of the rent from that property would qualify as “rents from real property.”

Our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries generally lease substantially all our properties to tenants’ that are individuals. Our leases typically have a term of at least one year and require the tenant to pay fixed rent. We do not anticipate leasing significant amounts of personal property pursuant to our leases. Moreover, we do not currently perform any services other than customary ones for our tenants, unless such services are provided through independent contractors or a TRS. Accordingly, we believe that our leases generally produce rent that qualifies as “rents from real property” for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

In addition to the rent, the tenants may be required to pay certain additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges represent reimbursements of amounts that we are obligated to pay to third parties, such charges generally will qualify as “rents from real property.” To the extent such additional charges represent penalties for nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, such charges should qualify as “rents from real property.” However, to the extent that late charges do not qualify as “rents from real property,” they instead will be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.

Interest

Interest income generally constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation upon which such interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property (and, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, a mortgage on an interest in real property). Except as provided in the following sentence, if we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date that we acquired or originated the mortgage loan, the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other collateral, and our income from the arrangement will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, in the case of real estate mortgage loans secured by both real and personal property, if the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all property securing the loan, then the personal property securing the loan will be treated as real property for purposes of determining whether the mortgage is qualifying under the 75% asset test and as producing interest income that qualifies for purposes of the 75% gross income test.

The term “interest” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following:

If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a percentage of the borrower’s gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the property’s value as of a specific date, income attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

In connection with development projects, we may originate mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property. In Revenue Procedure 2003-65, the IRS established a safe harbor under which loans secured by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or limited liability company owning real property will be treated as real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests described below, and interest derived from those loans will be treated as qualifying income for both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, provided several requirements are satisfied. Although Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. Moreover, we anticipate that our mezzanine loans typically will not meet all of the requirements for reliance on the safe harbor. To the extent any mezzanine loans that we originate do not qualify for the safe harbor described above, the interest income from the loans will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but there is a risk that such interest income will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We intend to invest in mezzanine loans in a manner that will enable us to continue to satisfy the REIT gross income and asset tests.

Dividends

Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any TRS, but excluding any REIT) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest, if any, will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

Prohibited Transactions

A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income (including foreign currency gain) derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our properties have been or will be held primarily for sale to customers and that all prior sales of our properties were not, and a sale of any of our properties in the future will not be in the ordinary course of our business. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS would not disagree with that belief. Whether a REIT holds a property “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular property. A safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of property that is a real estate asset by a REIT as a prohibited transaction and the 100% prohibited transaction tax is available if the following requirements are met:

We will attempt to comply with the terms of the safe-harbor provisions in the U.S. federal income tax laws prescribing when a property sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. However, not all of our prior sales of properties have qualified for the safe-harbor provisions. In addition, we cannot assure you that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we have avoided and will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.” The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be taxed to the corporation at regular corporate income tax rates.

Fee Income

Fee income generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Any fees earned by a TRS will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.