TIDM32SS

RNS Number : 2066B

National Bank of Canada

31 May 2023

National Bank of Canada

May 31(st) , 2023

Regulatory Announcement (Part 2)

Q2 2023 Results

National Bank of Canada (the "Bank") announces publication of its Second Quarter 2023 Report to Shareholders. The Second Quarter Results have been uploaded to the National Storage Mechanism and will shortly be available at https://data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism and is available on the Bank's website at https://www.nbc.ca/en/about-us/investors/investor-relations/quarterly-results.html

To view the full PDF of this Second Quarter 2023 Report to Shareholders, please click on the following link:

http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/2054B_1-2023-5-31.pdf

Report to Shareholders Second Quarter 2023

Interim Condensed Consolidated

Financial Statements

(unaudited)

 
                   Consolidated Balance Sheets   54 
             Consolidated Statements of Income   55 
      Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive 
                                        Income   56 
            Consolidated Statements of Changes 
                                     in Equity   58 
         Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows   59 
   Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated 
                          Financial Statements   60 
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                          As at April  As at October 
                                                             30, 2023       31, 2022 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
 
Assets 
Cash and deposits with financial institutions                  42,501         31,870 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
 
Securities (Notes 2, 3 and 4) 
At fair value through profit or loss                           93,111         87,375 
At fair value through other comprehensive 
 income                                                         9,712          8,828 
At amortized cost                                              14,099         13,516 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                              116,922        109,719 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase 
 agreements 
 and securities borrowed                                       16,827         26,486 
 -------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Loans (Note 5) 
Residential mortgage                                           83,441         80,129 
Personal                                                       45,255         45,323 
Credit card                                                     2,433          2,389 
Business and government                                        79,138         73,317 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                              210,267        201,158 
Customers' liability under acceptances                          6,567          6,541 
Allowances for credit losses                                  (1,070)          (955) 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                              215,764        206,744 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Other 
Derivative financial instruments                               14,058         18,547 
Investments in associates and joint ventures 
 (Note 17)                                                        146            140 
Premises and equipment                                          1,508          1,397 
Goodwill                                                        1,518          1,519 
Intangible assets                                               1,333          1,360 
Other assets (Note 6)                                           7,107          5,958 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                               25,670         28,921 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
                                                              417,684        403,740 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Liabilities and equity 
Deposits (Notes 3 and 7)                                      281,514        266,394 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
 
Other 
Acceptances                                                     6,567          6,541 
Obligations related to securities sold short                   18,721         21,817 
Obligations related to securities sold under 
 repurchase agreements 
 and securities loaned                                         38,057         33,473 
Derivative financial instruments                               16,865         19,632 
Liabilities related to transferred receivables 
 (Note 3)                                                      25,982         26,277 
Other liabilities (Note 8)                                      6,609          6,361 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                              112,801        114,101 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Subordinated debt (Note 9)                                        748          1,499 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
 
Equity 
Equity attributable to the Bank's shareholders 
 and holders of 
 other equity instruments (Notes 10 and 12) 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments                   3,150          3,150 
Common shares                                                   3,261          3,196 
Contributed surplus                                                59             56 
Retained earnings                                              15,943         15,140 
Accumulated other comprehensive income                            207            202 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                               22,620         21,744 
Non-controlling interests                                           1              2 
-----------------------------------------------------     -----------  ------------- 
                                                               22,621         21,746 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
                                                              417,684        403,740 
    ----------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited 
 interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                           Quarter ended    Six months ended 
                                                                April 30            April 30 
 -----------------------------------------------------   ---------------  ------------------ 
                                                           2023  2022(1)     2023    2022(1) 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Interest income 
Loans                                                     3,026    1,469    5,929      2,891 
Securities at fair value through profit or 
 loss                                                       358      319      783        685 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive 
 income                                                      68       31      127         62 
Securities at amortized cost                                119       52      231         98 
Deposits with financial institutions                        408       40      780         63 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
                                                          3,979    1,911    7,850      3,799 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Interest expense 
Deposits                                                  2,365      435    4,461        835 
Liabilities related to transferred receivables              157      105      299        206 
Subordinated debt                                            10        4       25          8 
Other                                                       565       54    1,084        105 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
                                                          3,097      598    5,869      1,154 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Net interest income (2)                                     882    1,313    1,981      2,645 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Non-interest income 
Underwriting and advisory fees                               93       84      200        162 
Securities brokerage commissions                             47       59       94        116 
Mutual fund revenues                                        141      147      284        303 
Investment management and trust service fees                247      253      489        509 
Credit fees                                                 133      119      270        244 
Card revenues                                                51       44       97         91 
Deposit and payment service charges                          73       73      146        144 
Trading revenues (losses)                                   650      121    1,181        243 
Gains (losses) on non-trading securities, net                30       53       41        107 
Insurance revenues, net                                      45       37       83         84 
Foreign exchange revenues, other than trading                38       56       94        108 
Share in the net income of associates and joint 
 ventures                                                     4       15        7         20 
Other                                                        45       65       94        129 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
                                                          1,597    1,126    3,080      2,260 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Total revenues                                            2,479    2,439    5,061      4,905 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Non-interest expenses 
Compensation and employee benefits                          833      808    1,708      1,625 
Occupancy                                                    83       76      166        152 
Technology                                                  255      232      507        463 
Communications                                               15       16       29         30 
Professional fees                                            62       57      125        120 
Other                                                       126      110      242        189 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
                                                          1,374    1,299    2,777      2,579 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Income before provisions for credit losses 
 and income taxes                                         1,105    1,140    2,284      2,326 
Provisions for credit losses (Note 5)                        85        3      171          1 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Income before income taxes                                1,020    1,137    2,113      2,325 
Income taxes                                                173      248      385        506 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Net income                                                  847      889    1,728      1,819 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Net income attributable to 
Preferred shareholders and holders of other 
 equity instruments                                          35       25       70         51 
Common shareholders                                         813      865    1,659      1,769 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
Bank shareholders and holders of other equity 
 instruments                                                848      890    1,729      1,820 
Non-controlling interests                                   (1)      (1)      (1)        (1) 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
                                                            847      889    1,728      1,819 
  -----------------------------------------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------- 
 
Earnings per share (dollars) (Note 15) 
 Basic                                                     2.41     2.56     4.92       5.24 
 Diluted                                                   2.38     2.53     4.87       5.17 
Dividends per common share (dollars) (Note 
 10)                                                       0.97     0.87     1.94       1.74 
------------------------------------------------------   ------  -------  -------  --------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited 
 interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) Net interest income includes dividend income. For additional information, see Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                            Quarter ended    Six months ended 
                                                                 April 30            April 30 
    ---------------------------------------------------  ----------------  ------------------ 
                                                           2023   2022(1)     2023    2022(1) 
-------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
Net income                                                  847       889    1,728      1,819 
-------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
 
Other comprehensive income, net of income 
 taxes 
 Items that may be subsequently reclassified 
  to net income 
  Net foreign currency translation adjustments 
   Net unrealized foreign currency translation 
    gains (losses) on investments 
    in foreign operations                                   109        48     (31)        164 
   Impact of hedging net foreign currency translation 
    gains (losses)                                         (34)      (17)        6       (51) 
                                                             75        31     (25)        113 
  -----------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
  Net change in debt securities at fair value 
   through other comprehensive income 
   Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities 
    at fair value through other 
    comprehensive income                                   (40)      (56)     (28)      (120) 
   Net (gains) losses on debt securities at fair 
    value through other comprehensive 
    income reclassified to net income                        48        23       52         44 
   Change in allowances for credit losses on 
    debt securities at fair value through 
    other comprehensive income reclassified to 
     net income                                               1         -        -          - 
    ---------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
                                                              9      (33)       24       (76) 
     ---------------------------------------------------  -----  --------  -------  --------- 
  Net change in cash flow hedges 
   Net gains (losses) on derivative financial 
    instruments designated as cash flow hedges                5        28     (20)         34 
   Net (gains) losses on designated derivative 
    financial instruments reclassified 
    to net income                                            16         6       25         16 
   ----------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
                                                             21        34        5         50 
     ---------------------------------------------------  -----  --------  -------  --------- 
  Share in the other comprehensive income of 
   associates and joint ventures                              -       (1)        1        (1) 
  -----------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
 
 Items that will not be subsequently reclassified 
  to net income 
  Remeasurements of pension plans and other 
   post-employment benefit plans                              3        76     (56)        172 
  Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated 
   at fair value through 
   other comprehensive income                               (4)      (23)        6       (17) 
  Net fair value change attributable to the 
   credit risk on financial liabilities 
   designated at fair value through profit or 
    loss                                                   (19)       304    (158)        325 
   ----------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
                                                           (20)       357    (208)        480 
     ---------------------------------------------------  -----  --------  -------  --------- 
Total other comprehensive income, net of income 
 taxes                                                       85       388    (203)        566 
-------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
Comprehensive income                                        932     1,277    1,525      2,385 
-------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
Comprehensive income attributable to 
 Bank shareholders and holders of other equity 
  instruments                                               933     1,278    1,526      2,386 
 Non-controlling interests                                  (1)       (1)      (1)        (1) 
 ------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
                                                            932     1,277    1,525      2,385 
 ------------------------------------------------------   -----  --------  -------  --------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these 
 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial 
 statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022 , certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (cont.)

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

Income Taxes - Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the income tax expense or recovery for each component of other comprehensive income.

 
                                                                            Six months ended 
                                                  Quarter ended April 30            April 30 
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  ------------------ 
                                                              2023  2022      2023      2022 
 ----------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified 
 to net income 
 Net foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Net unrealized foreign currency translation 
   gains (losses) on investments 
   in foreign operations                                       (3)     -         2       (5) 
  Impact of hedging net foreign currency translation 
   gains (losses)                                              (8)     2         -       (5) 
  ---------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
                                                              (11)     2         2      (10) 
     -------------------------------------------------------  ----  ----  --------  -------- 
 Net change in debt securities at fair value 
  through other comprehensive income 
  Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities 
   at fair value through other 
   comprehensive income                                       (15)  (20)      (11)      (43) 
  Net (gains) losses on debt securities at fair 
   value through other comprehensive income 
   reclassified to net income                                   18     8        20        16 
  Change in allowances for credit losses on debt 
   securities at fair value through 
   other comprehensive income reclassified to 
    net income                                                   -     -         -         - 
   --------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
                                                                 3  (12)         9      (27) 
     -------------------------------------------------------  ----  ----  --------  -------- 
 Net change in cash flow hedges 
  Net gains (losses) on derivative financial 
   instruments designated as cash flow hedges                    2    10       (8)        12 
  Net (gains) losses on designated derivative 
   financial instruments reclassified 
   to net income                                                 6     2        10         5 
  ---------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
                                                                 8    12         2        17 
     -------------------------------------------------------  ----  ----  --------  -------- 
 Share in the other comprehensive income of 
  associates and joint ventures                                  -   (1)         -       (1) 
 ----------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
Items that will not be subsequently reclassified 
to net income 
 Remeasurements of pension plans and other 
  post-employment benefit plans                                  1    27      (12)        62 
 Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated 
  at fair value through 
  other comprehensive income                                   (1)   (8)         2       (6) 
 Net fair value change attributable to the 
  credit risk on financial liabilities 
  designated at fair value through profit or 
   loss                                                        (8)   108      (61)       116 
  ---------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
                                                               (8)   127      (71)       172 
                                                              ----  ----  --------  -------- 
                                                               (8)   128      (58)       151 
 ----------------------------------------------------------   ----  ----  --------  -------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited 
 interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                    Six months ended April 
                                                                                        30 
 -----------------------------------------------------------   --------------------------- 
                                                                         2023      2022(1) 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments at 
 beginning and at end (Note 10)                                         3,150        2,650 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Common shares at beginning (Note 10)                                    3,196        3,160 
Issuances of common shares pursuant to the Stock 
 Option Plan                                                               60           52 
Repurchases of common shares for cancellation                               -         (24) 
Impact of shares purchased or sold for trading                              5            8 
Common shares at end                                                    3,261        3,196 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Contributed surplus at beginning                                           56           47 
Stock option expense (Note 12)                                              9            8 
Stock options exercised                                                   (6)          (6) 
Contributed surplus at end                                                 59           49 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Retained earnings at beginning                                         15,140       12,854 
Net income attributable to the Bank's shareholders 
 and holders of other equity instruments                                1,729        1,820 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on 
 other equity instruments (Note 10)                                      (80)         (56) 
Dividends on common shares (Note 10)                                    (655)        (587) 
Premium paid on common shares repurchased for cancellation 
 (Note 10)                                                                  -        (221) 
Remeasurements of pension plans and other post-employment 
 benefit plans                                                           (56)          172 
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated 
 at fair value through other comprehensive income                           6         (17) 
Net fair value change attributable to the credit 
 risk on financial liabilities 
 designated at fair value through profit or loss                        (158)          325 
Impact of a financial liability resulting from put 
 options written to non-controlling interests                               7          (2) 
Other                                                                      10            5 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
Retained earnings at end                                               15,943       14,293 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income at beginning                       202         (32) 
Net foreign currency translation adjustments                             (25)          113 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities 
 at fair value through other comprehensive income                          24         (76) 
Net change in gains (losses) on cash flow hedges                            5           50 
Share in the other comprehensive income of associates 
 and joint ventures                                                         1          (1) 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
Accumulated other comprehensive income at end                             207           54 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
                                                                            - 
Equity attributable to the Bank's shareholders and 
 holders of other equity instruments                                   22,620       20,242 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Non-controlling interests at beginning                                      2            3 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests                      (1)          (1) 
Non-controlling interests at end                                            1            2 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 
Equity                                                                 22,621       20,244 
------------------------------------------------------------      -----------  ----------- 
 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 
                                                                   As at April  As at April 
                                                                      30, 2023     30, 2022 
----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Net foreign currency translation adjustments                               179         (16) 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities at 
 fair value through other comprehensive income                            (10)          (5) 
Net gains (losses) on instruments designated as cash 
 flow hedges                                                                36           73 
Share in the other comprehensive income of associates 
 and joint ventures                                                          2            2 
-----------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
                                                                           207           54 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these 
 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the six-month period ended April 30, 2022 , certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                      Six months ended April 
                                                                                          30 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------ 
                                                                           2023      2022(1) 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Net income                                                                1,728        1,819 
Adjustments for 
 Provisions for credit losses                                               171            1 
 Amortization of premises and equipment, including right-of-use 
  assets                                                                    105          101 
 Amortization of intangible assets                                          157          141 
 Deferred taxes                                                            (58)           94 
 Losses (gains) on sales of non-trading securities, 
  net                                                                      (41)        (107) 
 Share in the net income of associates and joint ventures                   (7)         (20) 
 Stock option expense                                                         9            8 
Change in operating assets and liabilities 
 Securities at fair value through profit or loss                        (5,736)        6,723 
 Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements 
  and securities borrowed                                                 9,659      (4,225) 
 Loans and acceptances, net of securitization                           (9,444)     (12,125) 
 Deposits                                                                15,120        5,746 
 Obligations related to securities sold short                           (3,096)        1,095 
 Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase 
  agreements and securities loaned                                        4,584        6,999 
 Derivative financial instruments, net                                    1,722      (5,848) 
 Interest and dividends receivable and interest payable                     170           25 
 Current tax assets and liabilities                                       (271)        (415) 
 Other items                                                            (1,448)      (1,998) 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
                                                                         13,324      (1,986) 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Issuances of common shares (including the impact of 
 shares purchased for trading)                                               59           54 
Repurchases of common shares for cancellation                                 -        (245) 
Redemption of subordinated debt                                           (750)            - 
Repayments of lease liabilities                                            (50)         (50) 
Dividends paid on shares and distributions on other 
 equity instruments                                                       (732)        (643) 
                                                                        (1,473)        (884) 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Net change in investments in associates and joint ventures                    -          119 
Purchases of non-trading securities                                     (5,149)      (5,882) 
Maturities of non-trading securities                                      1,473          912 
Sales of non-trading securities                                           2,443        3,878 
Net change in premises and equipment, excluding right-of-use 
assets                                                                    (181)        (156) 
Net change in intangible assets                                           (130)        (178) 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
                                                                        (1,544)      (1,307) 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
Impact of currency rate movements on cash and cash 
 equivalents                                                                324          721 
------------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ----------- 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents                         10,631      (3,456) 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning                                   31,870       33,879 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
Cash and cash equivalents at end (2)                                     42,501       30,423 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
Supplementary information about cash flows from operating 
 activities 
Interest paid                                                             5,166        1,127 
Interest and dividends received                                           7,317        3,798 
Income taxes paid                                                           428          786 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ----------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim 
 condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the six-month period ended April 30, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) This item is the equivalent of Consolidated Balance Sheet item Cash and deposits with financial institutions. It includes an amount of $7.3 billion as at April 30, 2023 ($7.7 billion as at October 31, 2022) for which there are restrictions and of which $4.4 billion ($5.3 billion as at October 31, 2022) represent the balances that the Bank must maintain with central banks, other regulatory agencies, and certain counterparties.

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
 
 Note                                             Note  Share Capital and Other Equity 
  1     Basis of Presentation                 60   10    Instruments                     81 
 Note                                             Note 
  2     Fair Value of Financial Instruments   61   11   Capital Disclosure               82 
 Note   Financial Instruments Designated          Note 
  3      at Fair Value Through                     12   Share-Based Payments             83 
                                                  Note  Employee Benefits - Pension 
          Profit or Loss                      66   13    Plans and Other 
 Note 
  4     Securities                            67          Post-Employment Benefit Plans  84 
 Note   Loans and Allowances for Credit           Note 
  5      Losses                               68   14   Income Taxes                     85 
 Note                                             Note 
  6     Other Assets                          79   15   Earnings Per Share               85 
 Note                                             Note 
  7     Deposits                              80   16   Segment Disclosures              86 
 Note                                             Note  Event After the Consolidated 
  8     Other Liabilities                     80   17    Balance Sheet Date              87 
 Note 
  9     Subordinated Debt                     80 
 

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

On May 30, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the publication of the Bank's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements (the consolidated financial statements) for the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2023.

The Bank's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The financial statements also comply with section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada), which states that, except as otherwise specified by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (Canada) (OSFI), the consolidated financial statements are to be prepared in accordance with IFRS. IFRS represent Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). None of the OSFI accounting requirements are exceptions to IFRS.

These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with IAS 34 - Interim Financial Reporting and using the same accounting policies as those described in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. Since these interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the annual financial statement disclosures required under IFRS, they should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended October 31, 2022. Future accounting policy changes that have not yet come into effect are described in Note 2 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Certain comparative amounts have been adjusted to reflect an accounting policy change related to cloud computing arrangements, as described in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Judgment, Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, management must exercise judgment and make estimates and assumptions that affect the reporting date carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, net income, and related information. Some of the Bank's accounting policies, such as measurement of expected credit losses (ECLs), require particularly complex judgments and estimates. See Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 for a summary of the most significant estimation processes used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and for the valuation techniques used to determine the carrying values and fair values of assets and liabilities.

The geopolitical landscape, rising inflation, higher interest rates, and the Russia-Ukraine war continue to create uncertainty. As a result, establishing reliable estimates and applying judgment continue to be substantially complex. The uncertainty regarding certain key inputs used in measuring ECLs is described in Note 5 to these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars, which is the Bank's functional and presentation currency.

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value and Carrying Value of Financial Instruments by Category

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value or at amortized cost in accordance with the categories set out in the accounting framework for financial instruments.

 
                                                                                                       As at April 30, 
                                                                                                                  2023 
----------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  ------------------------------ 
                                                           Carrying value     Carrying         Fair 
                                                           and fair value        value        value 
   -------------   ------------------------------------------------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
                                                      Debt         Equity 
                     Financial    Financial     securities     securities 
                   instruments  instruments     classified     designated 
                    classified   designated          as at             at    Financial    Financial 
                         as at      at fair     fair value     fair value  instruments  instruments 
                    fair value        value        through        through           at           at 
                       through      through          other          other    amortized    amortized     Total    Total 
                        profit       profit  comprehensive  comprehensive        cost,        cost,  carrying     fair 
                       or loss      or loss         income         income          net          net     value    value 
   -------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Cash and 
 deposits 
 with financial 
  institutions               -            -              -              -       42,501       42,501    42,501   42,501 
 
 Securities             92,256          855          9,144            568       14,099       13,741   116,922  116,564 
 
 Securities 
 purchased 
 under reverse 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and securities 
   borrowed                  -           39              -              -       16,788       16,788    16,827   16,827 
 
 Loans and 
  acceptances, 
  net of 
  allowances            11,567            -              -              -      204,197      202,275   215,764  213,842 
 
 Other 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           14,058            -              -              -            -            -    14,058   14,058 
 Other assets               80            -              -              -        3,758        3,758     3,838    3,838 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial 
liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                -       18,625                                    262,889      262,273   281,514  280,898 
 
 Other 
 Acceptances                 -            -                                      6,567        6,567     6,567    6,567 
 Obligations 
  related 
  to securities 
  sold 
  short                 18,721            -                                          -            -    18,721   18,721 
 
 Obligations 
 related 
 to securities 
 sold 
 under 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and 
  securities 
   loaned                    -            -                                     38,057       38,057    38,057   38,057 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           16,865            -                                          -            -    16,865   16,865 
 Liabilities 
  related 
  to transferred 
  receivables                -       10,419                                     15,563       15,033    25,982   25,452 
 Other 
  liabilities                -            -                                      3,109        3,106     3,109    3,106 
 
 Subordinated 
  debt                       -            -                                        748          757       748      757 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)       Includes embedded derivative financial instruments. 

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont.)

 
                                                                                                     As at October 31, 
                                                                                                                  2022 
----------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  ------------------------------ 
                                                       Carrying value and     Carrying         Fair 
                                                               fair value        value        value 
   -------------   ------------------------------------------------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
                                                      Debt         Equity 
                     Financial    Financial     securities     securities 
                   instruments  instruments     classified     designated 
                    classified   designated          as at             at    Financial    Financial 
                         as at      at fair     fair value     fair value  instruments  instruments 
                    fair value        value        through        through           at           at 
                       through      through          other          other    amortized    amortized     Total    Total 
                        profit       profit  comprehensive  comprehensive        cost,        cost,  carrying     fair 
                       or loss      or loss         income         income          net          net     value    value 
   -------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Cash and 
 deposits 
 with financial 
  institutions               -            -              -              -       31,870       31,870    31,870   31,870 
 
 Securities             86,338        1,037          8,272            556       13,516       13,007   109,719  109,210 
 
 Securities 
 purchased 
 under reverse 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and securities 
   borrowed                  -            -              -              -       26,486       26,486    26,486   26,486 
 
 Loans and 
  acceptances, 
  net of 
  allowances            10,516            -              -              -      196,228      190,955   206,744  201,471 
 
 Other 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           18,547            -              -              -            -            -    18,547   18,547 
 Other assets               87            -              -              -        3,221        3,221     3,308    3,308 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial 
liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                -       15,355                                    251,039      249,937   266,394  265,292 
 
 Other 
 Acceptances                 -            -                                      6,541        6,541     6,541    6,541 
 Obligations 
  related 
  to securities 
  sold 
  short                 21,817            -                                          -            -    21,817   21,817 
 
 Obligations 
 related 
 to securities 
 sold 
 under 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and 
  securities 
   loaned                    -            -                                     33,473       33,473    33,473   33,473 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           19,632            -                                          -            -    19,632   19,632 
 Liabilities 
  related 
  to transferred 
  receivables                -       11,352                                     14,925       14,137    26,277   25,489 
 Other 
  liabilities                -            -                                      2,632        2,627     2,632    2,627 
 
 Subordinated 
  debt                       -            -                                      1,499        1,478     1,499    1,478 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)       Includes embedded derivative financial instruments . 

Establishing Fair Value

The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell a financial asset or paid to transfer a financial liability in an orderly transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price).

Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets provide the best evidence of fair value. When there is no quoted price in an active market, the Bank applies other valuation techniques that maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and that minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Such valuation techniques include the following: using information available from recent market transactions, referring to the current fair value of a comparable financial instrument, applying discounted cash flow analysis, applying option pricing models, or relying on any other valuation technique that is commonly used by market participants and has proven to yield reliable estimates. Judgment is required when applying many of the valuation techniques. The Bank's valuations were based on its assessment of the conditions prevailing as at April 30, 2023 and may change in the future. Furthermore, there may be measurement uncertainty resulting from the choice of valuation model used.

Fair value is established in accordance with a rigorous control framework. The Bank has policies and procedures that govern the process for determining fair value. The Bank's valuation governance structure has remained largely unchanged from that described in Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. The valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are also described in this note, and no significant changes have been made to the valuation techniques.

Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Hierarchy of Fair Value Measurements

IFRS establishes a fair value measurement hierarchy that classifies the inputs used in financial instrument fair value measurement techniques according to three levels. This fair value hierarchy requires observable market inputs in an active market to be used whenever such inputs exist. According to the hierarchy, the highest level of inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments and the lowest level of inputs are unobservable inputs. If inputs from different levels of the hierarchy are used, the financial instrument is classified in the same level as the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. For additional information, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Transfers of financial instruments between Levels 1 and 2 and transfers to (or from) Level 3 are deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. Significant transfers can occur between the fair value hierarchy levels due to new information on inputs used to determine fair value and the observable nature of those inputs.

During the quarter ended April 30, 2023, $1 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 as a result of changing market conditions ($21 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss during the quarter ended April 30, 2022). Also, during the quarter ended April 30, 2023, $2 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of changing market conditions ($3 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss during the quarter ended April 30, 2022). D uring the six-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, financial instruments were transferred to (or from) Level 3 due to changes in the availability of observable market inputs as a result of changing market conditions.

The following tables show financial instruments recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet according to the fair value hierarchy.

 
                                                                            As at April 30, 2023 
    -----------------------------------------------   ------  ---------------------------------- 
                                                                                           Total 
                                                                                       financial 
                                                                              assets/liabilities 
                                                       Level   Level  Level              at fair 
                                                           1       2      3                value 
    -----------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Securities 
  At fair value through profit or loss 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                4,389  10,211      -               14,600 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments          -   8,731      -                8,731 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                         3,997   3,319      -                7,316 
   Other debt securities                                   -   3,911     79                3,990 
   Equity securities                                  57,525     524    425               58,474 
   ------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                      65,911  26,696    504               93,111 
     -----------------------------------------------  ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
  At fair value through other comprehensive 
   income 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                   81   4,008      -                4,089 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments          -   2,457      -                2,457 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                           805     215      -                1,020 
   Other debt securities                                   -   1,578      -                1,578 
   Equity securities                                       -     237    331                  568 
   ------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                         886   8,495    331                9,712 
     -----------------------------------------------  ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 Securities purchased under reverse repurchase 
  agreements and 
  securities borrowed                                      -      39      -                   39 
 
 Loans                                                     -  11,330    237               11,567 
 
 Other 
  Derivative financial instruments                       260  13,786     12               14,058 
  Other assets - Other items                               -       -     80                   80 
  -------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                      67,057  60,346  1,164              128,567 
---------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 
Financial liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                                              -  18,639      -               18,639 
 
 Other 
  Obligations related to securities sold 
   short                                              13,365   5,356      -               18,721 
  Derivative financial instruments                       413  16,439     13               16,865 
  Liabilities related to transferred receivables           -  10,419      -               10,419 
 
                                                      13,778  50,853     13               64,644 
---------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 

(1) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont.)

 
                                                                              As at October 31, 2022 
    -----------------------------------------------   -------  ------------------------------------- 
                                                                                     Total financial 
                                                                                  assets/liabilities 
                                                                                             at fair 
                                                      Level 1  Level 2  Level 3                value 
    -----------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Securities 
  At fair value through profit or loss 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                 4,736    8,186        -               12,922 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments           -    9,260        -                9,260 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                         10,639    4,445        -               15,084 
   Other debt securities                                    -    3,324       60                3,384 
   Equity securities                                   45,805      504      416               46,725 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                       61,180   25,719      476               87,375 
     -----------------------------------------------  -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
  At fair value through other comprehensive 
   income 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                    21    3,191        -                3,212 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments           -    1,970        -                1,970 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                          1,687      191        -                1,878 
   Other debt securities                                    -    1,212        -                1,212 
   Equity securities                                        -      236      320                  556 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                        1,708    6,800      320                8,828 
     -----------------------------------------------  -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
 Loans                                                      -   10,272      244               10,516 
 
 Other 
  Derivative financial instruments                        342   18,204        1               18,547 
  Other assets - Other items                                -        -       87                   87 
  -------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                       63,230   60,995    1,128              125,353 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
Financial liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                                               -   15,424        8               15,432 
 
 Other 
  Obligations related to securities sold 
   short                                               15,213    6,604        -               21,817 
  Derivative financial instruments                        625   18,989       18               19,632 
  Liabilities related to transferred receivables            -   11,352        -               11,352 
                                                       15,838   52,369       26               68,233 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 

(1) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank classifies financial instruments in Level 3 when the valuation technique is based on at least one significant input that is not observable in the markets. The Bank maximizes the use of observable inputs to determine the fair value of financial instruments.

For a description of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of financial instruments classified in Level 3, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2023, no significant change was made to the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining fair value.

Sensitivity Analysis of Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank performs sensitivity analyses for the fair value measurements of Level 3 financial instruments, substituting unobservable inputs with one or more reasonably possible alternative assumptions. For additional information on how a change in an unobservable input might affect the fair value measurements of Level 3 financial instruments, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. For the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, there were no significant changes in the sensitivity analyses of Level 3 financial instruments .

Change in the Fair Value of Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank may hedge the fair value of financial instruments classified in the various levels through offsetting hedge positions. Gains and losses on financial instruments classified in Level 3 presented in the following tables do not reflect the inverse gains and losses on financial instruments used for economic hedging purposes that may have been classified in Level 1 or Level 2 by the Bank. In addition, the Bank may hedge the fair value of financial instruments classified in Level 3 using other financial instruments classified in Level 3. The effect of these hedges is not included in the net amount presented in the following tables. T he gains and losses presented hereafter may comprise changes in fair value based on observable and unobservable inputs.

 
                                                                                     Six months ended 
                                                                                       April 30, 2023 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------------- 
                                                          Securities 
                                          Securities         at fair 
                                             at fair           value 
                                               value         through    Loans    Derivative 
                                             through           other      and     financial 
                                              profit   comprehensive    other   instruments  Deposits 
                                             or loss          income   assets           (1)       (2) 
 --------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Fair value as at October 31, 2022                476             320      331          (17)       (8) 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in Net income 
 (3)                                               1               -        4             4         - 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in 
  Other comprehensive income                       -              11        -             -         - 
Purchases                                         36               -        -             -         - 
Sales                                            (9)               -        -             -         - 
Issuances                                          -               -       12             -         - 
Settlements and other                              -               -     (30)             7         - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 into Level 3                                      -               -        -             2 
Financial instruments transferred 
 out of Level 3                                    -               -        -             3         8 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Fair value as at April 30, 2023                  504             331      317           (1)         - 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Change in unrealized gains and losses 
 included in Net income with respect 
 to financial assets and financial 
  liabilities held as at April 30, 
  2023(4)                                         13               -        4             4         - 
 ---------------------------------------  ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
 
 
                                                                                        Six months ended 
                                                                                          April 30, 2022 
------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------------------- 
                                                       Securities 
                                       Securities         at fair 
                                          at fair           value 
                                            value         through    Loans 
                                          through           other      and       Derivative 
                                           profit   comprehensive    other        financial 
                                          or loss          income   assets   instruments(1)  Deposits(2) 
 -----------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  ----------- 
Fair value as at October 31, 2021             471             306      297                2            - 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in Net income 
 (5)                                           22               -     (20)              (6)            2 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in 
  Other comprehensive income                    -               6        -                -            - 
Purchases                                      31               7       71                -            - 
Sales                                        (26)               -        -                -            - 
Issuances                                       -               -       10                -            - 
Settlements and other                           -               -        7              (4)            - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 into Level 3                                   -               -        1                1          (3) 
Financial instruments transferred 
 out of Level 3                              (12)               -        -                -            - 
------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  ----------- 
Fair value as at April 30, 2022               486             319      366              (7)          (1) 
------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  ----------- 
Change in unrealized gains and 
losses 
included in Net income with respect 
 to financial assets and financial 
  liabilities held as at April 30, 
  2022(6)                                      15              12     (20)              (6)            2 
 ------------------------------------  ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  ----------- 
 

(1) The derivative financial instruments include assets and liabilities presented on a net basis.

(2) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

   (3)      Total gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was a gain of $9 million. 

(4) Total unrealized gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was an unrealized gain of $21 million.

   (5)      Total gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was a loss of $2 million. 

(6) Total unrealized gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was an unrealized gain of $3 million.

Note 3 - Financial Instruments Designated at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

The Bank chose to designate certain financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss according to the criteria presented in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. Consistent with its risk management strategy and in accordance with the fair value option, which permits the designation if it eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring financial assets and financial liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses thereon on different bases, the Bank designated certain securities, certain securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements, and certain liabilities related to transferred receivables at fair value through profit or loss. The fair value of liabilities related to transferred receivables does not include credit risk, as the holders of these liabilities are not exposed to the Bank's credit risk. The Bank also designated certain deposits that include embedded derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.

To determine a change in fair value arising from a change in the credit risk of deposits designated at fair value through profit or loss, the Bank calculates, at the beginning of the period, the present value of the instrument's contractual cash flows using the following rates: first, an observed discount rate for similar securities that reflects the Bank's credit spread and, then, a rate that excludes the Bank's credit spread. The difference obtained between the two values is then compared to the difference obtained using the same rates at the end of the period.

Information about the financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss is provided in the following tables.

 
                                                     Unrealized   Unrealized 
                                                          gains        gains    Unrealized 
                                                       (losses)     (losses)         gains 
                                                            for          for      (losses) 
                                          Carrying          the      the six         since 
                                          value as      quarter       months   the initial 
                                                at        ended        ended   recognition 
                                         April 30,    April 30,    April 30,        of the 
                                              2023         2023         2023    instrument 
-------------------------------------    ---------   ----------   ----------   ----------- 
Financial assets designated at fair 
 value through profit or loss 
  Securities                                   855            3           10             3 
  Securities purchased under reverse 
   repurchase agreements                        39            -            -             - 
  -----------------------------------    ---------   ----------   ----------   ----------- 
                                               894            3           10             3 
-------------------------------------    ---------   ----------   ----------   ----------- 
Financial liabilities designated 
 at fair value through profit or loss 
  Deposits(1)(2)                            18,625           66      (1,066)         2,071 
  Liabilities related to transferred 
   receivables                              10,419          (7)        (107)           410 
  -----------------------------------    ---------   ----------   ----------   ----------- 
(.)                                         29,044           59      (1,173)         2,481 
-------------------------------------    ---------   ----------   ----------   ----------- 
 
 
                                                                  Unrealized 
                                                     Unrealized        gains    Unrealized 
                                                          gains     (losses)         gains 
                                                       (losses)          for      (losses) 
                                          Carrying          for      the six         since 
                                          value as  the quarter       months   the initial 
                                                at        ended        ended   recognition 
                                         April 30,    April 30,    April 30,        of the 
                                              2022         2022         2022    instrument 
------------------------------------    ----------  -----------  -----------  ------------ 
Financial assets designated at fair 
 value through profit or loss 
 Securities                                  1,164         (36)         (46)          (20) 
Financial liabilities designated 
at fair value through profit or loss 
 Deposits(1)(2)                             13,735        1,526        1,675         1,601 
 Liabilities related to transferred 
  receivables                               10,324          273          325           351 
 -----------------------------------    ----------  -----------  -----------  ------------ 
                                            24,059        1,799        2,000         1,952 
------------------------------------    ----------  -----------  -----------  ------------ 
 
 

(1) For the quarter ended April 30, 2023, the change in the fair value of deposits designated at fair value through profit or loss attributable to credit risk, and recorded in Other comprehensive income, resulted in a loss of $27 million ($412 million gain for the quarter ended April 30, 2022). For the six -month period ended April 30, 2023, the corresponding change in this item resulted in a loss of $219 million ($ 441 million gain for the six- month period ended April 30, 2022).

(2) The amount at maturity that the Bank will be contractually required to pay to the holders of these deposits varies and will differ from the reporting date fair value.

Note 4 - Securities

Credit Quality

As at April 30, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022, securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and securities at amortized cost were mainly classified in Stage 1, with their credit quality falling mostly in the "Excellent" category according to the Bank's internal risk-rating categories. For additional information on the reconciliation of allowances for credit losses, see Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements.

Unrealized Gross Gains (Losses) on Securities at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income

 
                                                                           As at April 30, 2023 
-----------------------------------------------   --------------------------------------------- 
                                                                   Gross        Gross  Carrying 
                                                  Amortized   unrealized   unrealized     value 
                                                       cost        gains       losses       (1) 
 ----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                  4,220            8        (139)     4,089 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments        2,520           23         (86)     2,457 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
  other foreign governments                           1,054            8         (42)     1,020 
Other debt securities                                 1,670            3         (95)     1,578 
Equity securities                                       568           17         (17)       568 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
                                                     10,032           59        (379)     9,712 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
 
 
                                                                                    As at October 31, 2022 
-----------------------------------------------   -------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                  Amortized  Gross unrealized  Gross unrealized   Carrying 
                                                       cost             gains            losses   value(1) 
 ----------------------------------------------   ---------  ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                  3,386                 1             (175)      3,212 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments        2,129                 1             (160)      1,970 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
  other foreign governments                           2,022                 -             (144)      1,878 
Other debt securities                                 1,355                 -             (143)      1,212 
Equity securities                                       570                21              (35)        556 
-----------------------------------------------              ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
                                                      9,462                23             (657)      8,828 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
 

(1) The allowances for credit losses on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (excluding the equity securities), representing $2 million as at April 30, 2023 ($2 million as at October 31, 2022), are reported in Other comprehensive income. For additional information, see Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements.

Equity Securities Designated at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income

The Bank designated certain equity securities, the main business objective of which is to generate dividend income, at fair value through other comprehensive income without subsequent reclassification of gains and losses to net income. During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, a dividend income amount of $12 million was recognized for these investments ($7 million for the six-month period ended April 30, 2022), including amounts of $1 million for investments that were sold during the six-month period ended April 30, 2023 ($1 million for investments that were sold during the six-month period ended April 30, 2022).

 
                             Six months ended April 30,                   Six months ended April 30, 
                                                   2023                                         2022 
  -------------------   -------------------------------  ------------------------------------------- 
                                          Equity 
                             Equity   securities 
                         securities           of         Equity securities  Equity securities 
                         of private       public                of private                 of 
                          companies    companies  Total          companies   public companies  Total 
  -------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
 
Fair value at 
 beginning                      320          236    556                306                311    617 
 Change in fair value            11          (3)      8                  6               (29)   (23) 
 Designated at fair 
  value through 
  other comprehensive 
   income                         -           44     44                  7                 44     51 
 Sales(1)                         -         (40)   (40)                  -               (71)   (71) 
 --------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
Fair value at end               331          237    568                319                255    574 
---------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
 
   (1)       The Bank disposed of private and public company equity securities for economic reasons. 

Note 4 - Securities (cont.)

Securities at Amortized Cost

 
                                                        As at April  As at October 
                                                           30, 2023       31, 2022 
------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                          5,630          5,737 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments                1,890          1,826 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and other foreign 
  governments                                                   545            150 
Other debt securities                                         6,042          5,810 
------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
Gross carrying value                                         14,107         13,523 
Allowances for credit losses                                      8              7 
------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
Carrying value                                               14,099         13,516 
------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 

Gains (Losses) on Disposals of Securities at Amortized Cost

During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank did not dispose of any securities measured at amortized cost. During the six-month period ended April 30, 2022 , the Bank had sold certain debt securities measured at amortized cost. The carrying value of these securities upon disposal was $287 million, and the Bank had recognized gains of $4 million in Non-interest income - Gains (losses) on non-trading securities, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses

Determining and Measuring Expected Credit Losses (ECL)

Determining Expected Credit Losses

Expected credit losses are determined using a three-stage impairment approach that is based on the change in the credit quality of financial assets since initial recognition.

Non-Impaired Loans

Stage 1

Financial assets that have experienced no significant increase in credit risk between initial recognition and the reporting date, and for which 12-month expected credit losses are recorded at the reporting date, are classified in Stage 1.

Stage 2

Financial assets that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk between initial recognition and the reporting date, and for which lifetime expected credit losses are recorded at the reporting date, are classified in Stage 2.

Impaired Loans

Stage 3

Financial assets for which there is objective evidence of impairment, for which one or more events have had a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of these financial assets at the reporting date, and for which lifetime expected credit losses are recorded, are classified in Stage 3.

POCI

Financial assets that are credit-impaired when purchased or originated (POCI) are classified in the POCI category.

For additional information, see Notes 1 and 7 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Credit Quality of Loans

The following tables present the gross carrying amounts of loans as at April 30, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022, according to credit quality and ECL impairment stage of each loan category at amortized cost, and according to credit quality for loans at fair value through profit or loss. For additional information on credit quality according to the Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) categories, see the Internal Default Risk Ratings table on page 78 in the Credit Risk section of the 2022 Annual Report.

 
                                                                     As at April 30, 2023 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------------------------- 
                                  Non-impaired loans    Impaired loans 
 ----------------------------   --------------------  ----------------  --------  ------- 
                                                                           Loans 
                                                                         at fair 
                                                                           value 
                                                                         through 
                                                                          profit 
                                     Stage     Stage     Stage           or loss 
                                         1         2         3    POCI       (1)    Total 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Residential mortgage 
 Excellent                          29,851         1         -       -         -   29,852 
 Good                               16,937       140         -       -         -   17,077 
 Satisfactory                       10,545     3,832         -       -         -   14,377 
 Special mention                       359       744         -       -         -    1,103 
 Substandard                            57       196         -       -         -      253 
 Default                                 -         -        53       -         -       53 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
IRB Approach                        57,749     4,913        53       -         -   62,715 
Standardized Approach                8,743       198       204     335    11,246   20,726 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               66,492     5,111       257     335    11,246   83,441 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              64        81        63    (67)         -      141 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     66,428     5,030       194     402    11,246   83,300 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
 
Personal 
 Excellent                          21,692        20         -       -         -   21,712 
 Good                                8,262       652         -       -         -    8,914 
 Satisfactory                        5,985     1,797         -       -         -    7,782 
 Special mention                     1,905       804         -       -         -    2,709 
 Substandard                            27       208         -       -         -      235 
 Default                                 -         -       149       -         -      149 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
IRB Approach                        37,871     3,481       149       -         -   41,501 
Standardized Approach                3,575        80        44      55         -    3,754 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               41,446     3,561       193      55         -   45,255 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              79       110        83    (10)         -      262 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     41,367     3,451       110      65         -   44,993 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
 
Credit card 
 Excellent                             629         -         -       -         -      629 
 Good                                  360         1         -       -         -      361 
 Satisfactory                          701        59         -       -         -      760 
 Special mention                       276       191         -       -         -      467 
 Substandard                            37        79         -       -         -      116 
 Default                                 -         -         -       -         -        - 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
IRB Approach                         2,003       330         -       -         -    2,333 
Standardized Approach                  100         -         -       -         -      100 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount                2,103       330         -       -         -    2,433 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              33       101         -       -         -      134 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                      2,070       229         -       -         -    2,299 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
 
Business and government 
 (3) 
 Excellent                           7,922         -         -       -       103    8,025 
 Good                               27,987         1         -       -        53   28,041 
 Satisfactory                       31,328     6,354         -       -       138   37,820 
 Special mention                       150     1,697         -       -         -    1,847 
 Substandard                            10       259       301       -         -      570 
 Default                                 -         -        43       -         -       43 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
IRB Approach                        67,397     8,311       344       -       294   76,346 
Standardized Approach                9,255        57        20       -        27    9,359 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               76,652     8,368       364       -       321   85,705 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             163       179       191       -         -      533 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     76,489     8,189       173       -       321   85,172 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Total loans and acceptances 
Gross carrying amount              186,693    17,370       814     390    11,567  216,834 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             339       471       337    (77)         -    1,070 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    186,354    16,899       477     467    11,567  215,764 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  ------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)        Not subject to expected credit losses. 

(2) The allowances for credit losses do not include the amounts related to undrawn commitments reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (3)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

 
                                                                      As at October 31, 2022 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------------------- 
                                  Non-impaired loans    Impaired loans 
 ----------------------------   --------------------  ----------------  -----------  ------- 
                                                                           Loans at 
                                                                         fair value 
                                                                            through 
                                                                             profit 
                                  Stage 1    Stage 2    Stage 3   POCI   or loss(1)    Total 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Residential mortgage 
 Excellent                         30,465          -          -      -            -   30,465 
 Good                              16,351         12          -      -            -   16,363 
 Satisfactory                      10,765      3,269          -      -            -   14,034 
 Special mention                      609        394          -      -            -    1,003 
 Substandard                           76        140          -      -            -      216 
 Default                                -          -         49      -            -       49 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB Approach                      58,266      3,815         49      -            -   62,130 
Standardized Approach               7,266        179        211    384        9,959   17,999 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              65,532      3,994        260    384        9,959   80,129 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             53         80         61   (76)            -      118 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    65,479      3,914        199    460        9,959   80,011 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Personal 
 Excellent                         22,190         22          -      -            -   22,212 
 Good                               8,792        479          -      -            -    9,271 
 Satisfactory                       6,928      1,394          -      -            -    8,322 
 Special mention                      358        775          -      -            -    1,133 
 Substandard                           26        203          -      -            -      229 
 Default                                -          -        130      -            -      130 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB Approach                      38,294      2,873        130      -            -   41,297 
Standardized Approach               3,837         78         36     75            -    4,026 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              42,131      2,951        166     75            -   45,323 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             67        113         75   (16)            -      239 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    42,064      2,838         91     91            -   45,084 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Credit card 
 Excellent                            600          -          -      -            -      600 
 Good                                 359          -          -      -            -      359 
 Satisfactory                         689         51          -      -            -      740 
 Special mention                      287        178          -      -            -      465 
 Substandard                           37         71          -      -            -      108 
 Default                                -          -          -      -            -        - 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB Approach                       1,972        300          -      -            -    2,272 
Standardized Approach                 117          -          -      -            -      117 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               2,089        300          -      -            -    2,389 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             31         95          -      -            -      126 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     2,058        205          -      -            -    2,263 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Business and government 
 (3) 
 Excellent                          6,140          2          -      -          147    6,289 
 Good                              27,607        112          -      -           53   27,772 
 Satisfactory                      26,567      8,803          -      -          145   35,515 
 Special mention                       75      1,172          -      -            -    1,247 
 Substandard                           41        272          -      -            -      313 
 Default                                -          -        367      -            -      367 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB Approach                      60,430     10,361        367      -          345   71,503 
Standardized Approach               8,096         28         19      -          212    8,355 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              68,526     10,389        386      -          557   79,858 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                            115        160        197      -            -      472 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    68,411     10,229        189      -          557   79,386 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Total loans and acceptances 
Gross carrying amount             178,278     17,634        812    459       10,516  207,699 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                            266        448        333   (92)            -      955 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                   178,012     17,186        479    551       10,516  206,744 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
   (1)        Not subject to expected credit losses. 

(2) The allowances for credit losses do not include the amounts related to undrawn commitments reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (3)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

The following table presents the credit risk exposures of off-balance-sheet commitments as at April 30, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022 according to credit quality and ECL impairment stage.

 
                                                                            As at October 
                                     As at April 30, 2023                        31, 2022 
 ----------------------  ------  ------------------------  ------  -----  --------------- 
                          Stage    Stage   Stage            Stage  Stage   Stage 
                              1        2       3    Total       1      2       3    Total 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  ------  -------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Off-balance-sheet 
 commitments (1) 
Retail 
 Excellent               15,821       14       -   15,835  15,292     13       -   15,305 
 Good                     3,397      203       -    3,600   3,316    165       -    3,481 
 Satisfactory             1,224      209       -    1,433   1,170    180       -    1,350 
 Special mention            224       78       -      302     193     68       -      261 
 Substandard                 17       17       -       34      15     15       -       30 
 Default                      -        -       1        1       -      -       1        1 
Non-retail 
 Excellent               14,795        -       -   14,795  13,136      -       -   13,136 
 Good                    19,544        -       -   19,544  18,723     24       -   18,747 
 Satisfactory            10,800    3,210       -   14,010   7,894  3,488       -   11,382 
 Special mention             15      277       -      292      12    246       -      258 
 Substandard                  6       24       -       30       4     24       -       28 
 Default                      -        -       1        1       -      -      18       18 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  ------  -------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
IRB Approach             65,843    4,032       2   69,877  59,755  4,223      19   63,997 
Standardized Approach    16,617        -       9   16,626  15,432      -       -   15,432 
-----------------------  ------  -------  ------  -------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Total exposure           82,460    4,032      11   86,503  75,187  4,223      19   79,429 
Allowances for 
 credit losses               94       54       -      148      99     63       -      162 
-----------------------  ------  -------  ------  -------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Total exposure, 
 net 
  of allowances          82,366    3,978      11   86,355  75,088  4,160      19   79,267 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  ------  -------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
 

(1) Represent letters of guarantee and documentary letters of credit, undrawn commitments, and backstop liquidity and credit enhancement facilities.

Loans Past Due But Not Impaired (1)

 
                                                                                     As at October 
                                   As at April 30, 2023                                   31, 2022 
 ----------   -----------------------------------------  -----------  --------  ------------------ 
                                               Business                                   Business 
                                                    and                                        and 
              Residential            Credit  government  Residential            Credit  government 
                 mortgage  Personal    card         (2)     mortgage  Personal    card         (2) 
 ----------   -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
 
Past due 
but not 
impaired 
 31 to 60 
  days                 70        94      24          13          106       105      23          23 
 61 to 90 
  days                 41        41      13          18           38        30      11           9 
 Over 90 
  days(3)               -         -      27           -            -         -      22           - 
 -----------  -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
                      111       135      64          31          144       135      56          32 
-----------   -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
 

(1) Loans less than 31 days past due are not presented as they are not considered past due from an administrative standpoint.

   (2)       Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

(3) All loans more than 90 days past due, except for credit card receivables, are considered impaired (Stage 3).

Impaired Loans

 
                                       As at April 30, 
                                                  2023      As at October 31, 2022 
----------------------------  -----  -----------------  -------------------------- 
                                       Allowances                Allowances 
                                              for                       for 
                                           credit                    credit 
                              Gross        losses  Net   Gross       losses    Net 
 ---------------------------  -----  ------------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
 
Loans - Stage 3 
 Residential mortgage           257            63  194     260           61    199 
 Personal                       193            83  110     166           75     91 
 Credit card(1)                   -             -    -       -            -      - 
 Business and government(2)     364           191  173     386          197    189 
 ---------------------------  -----  ------------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
                                814           337  477     812          333    479 
Loans - POCI                    390          (77)  467     459         (92)    551 
----------------------------  -----  ------------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
                              1,204           260  944   1,271          241  1,030 
 ---------------------------  -----  ------------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
 

(1) Credit card receivables are considered impaired, at the latest, when payment is 180 days past due, and they are written off at that time.

   (2)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

Allowances for Credit Losses

The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowances for credit losses by Consolidated Balance Sheet item and by type of off-balance-sheet commitment.

 
                                                                                           Quarter ended 
                                                                                          April 30, 2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ---------------------- 
                                   Allowances                                                 Allowances 
                                          for                                                        for 
                                       credit                                                     credit 
                                       losses  Provisions                                      losses as 
                                        as at         for                                             at 
                                      January      credit  Write-offs             Recoveries   April 30, 
                                     31, 2023      losses         (1)  Disposals   and other        2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with financial            5           2           -          -           - 
 institutions (2)(3)                                                                                   7 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through other                1           1           -          -           - 
  comprehensive income(4)                                                                              2 
 At amortized cost(2)                       8           -           -          -           -           8 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities                  -           -           -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage                     135           6           -          -           -         141 
 Personal                                 257          21        (21)          -           5         262 
 Credit card                              136          14        (20)          -           4         134 
 Business and government                  432          63         (3)          -           3         495 
 Customers' liability under 
  acceptances                              47         (9)           -          -           -          38 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                        1,007          95        (44)          -          12       1,070 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                         -           -           -          -           -           - 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Off-balance-sheet commitments 
 (6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of credit             13         (2)           -          -           -          11 
Undrawn commitments                       142        (11)           -          -           -         131 
Backstop liquidity and credit               6           -           -          -           - 
 enhancement facilities                                                                                6 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                          161        (13)           -          -           -         148 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                        1,182          85        (44)          -          12       1,235 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
 
                                                                                     Quarter ended April 
                                                                                                30, 2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  -------------------------- 
                            Allowances 
                                   for                                                        Allowances 
                                credit                                                               for 
                                losses  Provisions                                         credit losses 
                                 as at         for                                                 as at 
                               January      credit                            Recoveries       April 30, 
                              31, 2022      losses  Write-offs(1)  Disposals   and other            2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with 
 financial 
 institutions (2)(3)                 7         (2)              -          -           -               5 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through 
  other 
  comprehensive income(4)            1           -              -          -           -               1 
 At amortized cost(2)                5           1              -          -           -               6 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities           -           -              -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage               80           1            (1)          -           1              81 
 Personal                          212          11           (12)          -           4             215 
 Credit card                       124           8           (15)          -           5             122 
 Business and government           451          10           (14)          -           1             448 
 Customers' liability 
  under 
  acceptances                       61        (12)              -          -           -              49 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   928          18           (42)          -          11             915 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                  -           -              -          -           -               - 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Off-balance-sheet 
commitments 
(6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of 
 credit                             10           1              -          -           -              11 
Undrawn commitments                130        (15)              -          -           -             115 
Backstop liquidity and 
 credit 
 enhancement facilities              5           -              -          -           -               5 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   145        (14)              -          -           -             131 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                 1,086           3           (42)          -          11           1,058 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 

(1) The contractual amount outstanding on financial assets that were written off during the quarter ended April 30, 2023 and that are still subject to enforcement activity was $27 million ($25 million for the quarter ended April 30, 2022).

(2) These financial assets are presented net of the allowances for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3) As at April 30, 2023 and 2022, these financial assets were mainly classified in Stage 1 and their credit quality fell mostly within the Excellent category.

(4) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Accumulated other comprehensive income item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(5) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Allowances for credit losses item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(6) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 
                                                                                  Six months ended April 
                                                                                                30, 2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  --------------------------------- 
                                   Allowances                                                 Allowances 
                                          for                                                        for 
                                       credit                                                     credit 
                                       losses  Provisions                                      losses as 
                                        as at         for                                             at 
                                      October      credit  Write-offs             Recoveries   April 30, 
                                     31, 2022      losses         (1)  Disposals   and other        2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with financial            5           2           -          -           - 
 institutions (2)(3)                                                                                   7 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through other                2           -           -          -           - 
  comprehensive income(4)                                                                              2 
 At amortized cost(2)                       7           1           -          -           -           8 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities                  -           -           -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage                     118          25         (1)          -         (1)         141 
 Personal                                 239          52        (37)          -           8         262 
 Credit card                              126          39        (38)          -           7         134 
 Business and government                  418          82         (8)          -           3         495 
 Customers' liability under 
  acceptances                              54        (16)           -          -           -          38 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                          955         182        (84)          -          17       1,070 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                         -           -           -          -           -           - 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Off-balance-sheet commitments 
 (6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of credit             13         (2)           -          -           -          11 
Undrawn commitments                       143        (12)           -          -           -         131 
Backstop liquidity and credit               6           -           -          -           - 
 enhancement facilities                                                                                6 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                          162        (14)           -          -           -         148 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                        1,131         171        (84)          -          17       1,235 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
 
                                                                                        Six months ended 
                                                                                          April 30, 2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  -------------------------- 
                            Allowances 
                                   for                                                        Allowances 
                                credit                                                               for 
                                losses  Provisions                                         credit losses 
                                 as at         for                                                 as at 
                               October      credit                            Recoveries       April 30, 
                              31, 2021      losses  Write-offs(1)  Disposals   and other            2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with 
 financial 
 institutions (2)(3)                 5           -              -          -           -               5 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through 
  other 
  comprehensive income(4)            1           -              -          -           -               1 
 At amortized cost(2)                3           3              -          -           -               6 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities           -           -              -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage               71          11            (2)          -           1              81 
 Personal                          202          26           (23)          -          10             215 
 Credit card                       122          21           (30)          -           9             122 
 Business and government           515          10           (81)          -           4             448 
 Customers' liability 
  under 
  acceptances                       88        (39)              -          -           -              49 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   998          29          (136)          -          24             915 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                  -           -              -          -           -               - 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 
Off-balance-sheet 
commitments 
(6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of 
 credit                             13         (2)              -          -           -              11 
Undrawn commitments                143        (28)              -          -           -             115 
Backstop liquidity and 
 credit 
 enhancement facilities              6         (1)              -          -           -               5 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   162        (31)              -          -           -             131 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                 1,169           1          (136)          -          24           1,058 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 

(1) The contractual amount outstanding on financial assets that were written off during the six-month period ended April 30, 2023 and that are still subject to enforcement activity was $52 million ($47 million for the six -month period ended April 30, 2022).

(2) These financial assets are presented net of the allowances for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3) As at April 30, 2023 and 2022, these financial assets were mainly classified in Stage 1 and their credit quality fell mostly within the Excellent category.

(4) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Accumulated other comprehensive income item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(5) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Allowances for credit losses item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(6) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

The following tables present a reconciliation of allowances for credit losses for each loan category at amortized cost according to ECL impairment stage.

 
                                       Quarter ended April                             Quarter ended 
                                                  30, 2023                            April 30, 2022 
  ------------------  -----  -----------------------------  ------  -------  ----------------------- 
                          Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                 for            for                     for               for 
                       credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                  on             on                      on                on 
                        non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                               loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  --------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                      Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                          1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Residential mortgage 
Balance at beginning     62       84     60    (71)    135      40       63      34      (57)     80 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               3        -      -       -      3       4        -       -         -      4 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1             13     (11)    (2)       -      -       7      (6)     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (3)        9    (6)       -      -     (1)        1       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -      (6)      6       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (9)        9      5       5     10     (5)      (1)       6       (1)    (1) 
 Derecognitions(4)      (2)      (4)    (1)       -    (7)     (1)      (1)       -         -    (2) 
 Changes to models        -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   2      (3)      2       5      6       4      (7)       5       (1)      1 
Write-offs                -        -      -       -      -       -        -     (1)         -    (1) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      -       -      -       -        -       1         -      1 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                -        -      1     (1)      -       -        1       -       (1)      - 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           64       81     63    (67)    141      44       57      39      (59)     81 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           64       81     63    (67)    141      44       57      39      (59)     81 
 Undrawn 
 commitments(5)           -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Personal 
Balance at beginning     75      121     79    (11)    264      70      111      63      (25)    219 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               7        -      -       -      7      12        -       -         -     12 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1             29     (28)    (1)       -      -      13     (12)     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (3)        5    (2)       -      -     (3)        4     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -     (14)     14       -      -       -      (7)       7         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)   (25)       35     11       1     22    (19)       16       5         3      5 
 Derecognitions(4)      (2)      (5)    (1)       -    (8)     (2)      (4)       -         -    (6) 
 Changes to models        -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   6      (7)     21       1     21       1      (3)      10         3     11 
Write-offs                -        -   (21)       -   (21)       -        -    (12)         -   (12) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      4       -      4       -        -       5         -      5 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                1        -      -       -      1     (1)        1     (1)         -    (1) 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           82      114     83    (10)    269      70      109      65      (22)    222 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           79      110     83    (10)    262      67      105      65      (22)    215 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          3        4      -       -      7       3        4       -         -      7 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loan was acquired during the quarter ended April 30, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the quarter ended April 30, 2022 was $4 million). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 
                                        Quarter ended April                             Quarter ended 
                                                   30, 2023                            April 30, 2022 
  ------------------  ------  -----------------------------  ------  -------  ----------------------- 
                           Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                  for            for                     for               for 
                        credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                   on             on                      on                on 
                         non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                                loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  ---------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                       Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                           1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Credit card 
Balance at beginning      59      117      -       -    176      55      103       -         -    158 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases                3        -      -       -      3       3        -       -         -      3 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              22     (22)      -       -      -      21     (21)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2             (4)        4      -       -      -     (4)        4       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -      (9)      9       -      -       -      (6)       6         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (22)       32      7       -     17    (20)       23       4         -      7 
 Derecognitions(4)       (1)      (1)      -       -    (2)       -      (1)       -         -    (1) 
 Changes to models         -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                  (2)        4     16       -     18       -      (1)      10         -      9 
Write-offs                 -        -   (20)       -   (20)       -        -    (15)         -   (15) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      4       -      4       -        -       5         -      5 
Foreign exchange 
movements 
and other                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end            57      121      -       -    178      55      102       -         -    157 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn            33      101      -       -    134      33       89       -         -    122 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          24       20      -       -     44      22       13       -         -     35 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Business and 
government 
(6) 
Balance at beginning     197      198    179       -    574     175      202     224         -    601 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               22        -      -       -     22      14        -       -         -     14 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              15     (15)      -       -      -      12     (12)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2             (5)        6    (1)       -      -     (4)        5     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -      (1)      1       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)     (5)       27     15       -     37    (22)      (2)       6         -   (18) 
 Derecognitions(4)       (5)     (11)    (2)       -   (18)     (9)      (3)     (2)         -   (14) 
 Changes to models       (1)      (1)      -       -    (2)       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   21        5     13       -     39     (9)     (12)       3         -   (18) 
Write-offs                 -        -    (3)       -    (3)       -        -    (14)         -   (14) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      2       -      2       -        -       1         -      1 
Foreign exchange 
movements 
and other                  -        1      -       -      1       -        -       -         -      - 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           218      204    191       -    613     166      190     214         -    570 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           163      179    191       -    533     115      168     214         -    497 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          55       25      -       -     80      51       22       -         -     73 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Total allowances for 
 credit losses at 
 end 
 (7)                     421      520    337    (77)  1,201     335      458     318      (81)  1,030 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           339      471    337    (77)  1,070     259      419     318      (81)    915 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          82       49      -       -    131      76       39       -         -    115 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loan was acquired during the quarter ended April 30, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the quarter ended April 30, 2022 was $4 million ). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (6)       Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 
   (7)       Excludes allowances for credit losses on other financial assets at amortized cost and on off-balance-sheet commitments other than undrawn commitments. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

 
                                    Six months ended April                Six months ended April 30, 
                                                  30, 2023                                      2022 
  ------------------  ------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------- 
                          Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                 for            for                     for               for 
                       credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                  on             on                      on                on 
                        non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                               loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  --------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                      Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                          1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Residential mortgage 
Balance at beginning     53       80     61    (76)    118      50       52      29      (60)     71 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               8        -      -       -      8       9        -       -         -      9 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1             21     (18)    (3)       -      -      10      (9)     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (6)       18   (12)       -      -     (2)        2       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -     (14)     14       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (9)       21      8       8     28    (23)       13      12         3      5 
 Derecognitions(4)      (3)      (5)    (3)       -   (11)     (1)      (2)       -         -    (3) 
 Changes to models        -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                  11        2      4       8     25     (7)        4      11         3     11 
Write-offs                -        -    (1)       -    (1)       -        -     (2)         -    (2) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      -       -      -       -        -       1         -      1 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                -      (1)    (1)       1    (1)       1        1       -       (2)      - 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           64       81     63    (67)    141      44       57      39      (59)     81 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           64       81     63    (67)    141      44       57      39      (59)     81 
 Undrawn 
 commitments(5)           -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Personal 
Balance at beginning     70      117     75    (16)    246      73      103      63      (29)    210 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases              17        -      -       -     17      24        -       -         -     24 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1             48     (45)    (3)       -      -      31     (28)     (3)         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (7)        9    (2)       -      -     (6)        7     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -     (26)     26       -      -       -     (13)      13         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)   (43)       68     18       6     49    (45)       39       8         7      9 
 Derecognitions(4)      (4)      (9)    (2)       -   (15)     (5)      (8)     (1)         -   (14) 
 Changes to models        1        -      -       -      1     (2)        8       -         -      6 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                  12      (3)     37       6     52     (3)        5      16         7     25 
Write-offs                -        -   (37)       -   (37)       -        -    (23)         -   (23) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      9       -      9       -        -      10         -     10 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                -        -    (1)       -    (1)       -        1     (1)         -      - 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           82      114     83    (10)    269      70      109      65      (22)    222 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           79      110     83    (10)    262      67      105      65      (22)    215 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          3        4      -       -      7       3        4       -         -      7 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loan was acquired during the six-month period ended April 30, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the six-month period ended April 30, 2022 was $9 million). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 
                                     Six months ended April                Six months ended April 30, 
                                                   30, 2023                                      2022 
  ------------------  -------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------- 
                           Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                  for            for                     for               for 
                        credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                   on             on                      on                on 
                         non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                                loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  ---------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                       Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                           1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Credit card 
Balance at beginning      53      112      -       -    165      57      101       -         -    158 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases                5        -      -       -      5       6        -       -         -      6 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              47     (47)      -       -      -      43     (43)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2             (8)        8      -       -      -     (9)        9       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -     (16)     16       -      -       -     (11)      11         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (38)       65     15       -     42    (41)       47      10         -     16 
 Derecognitions(4)       (2)      (1)      -       -    (3)     (1)      (1)       -         -    (2) 
 Changes to models         -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                    4        9     31       -     44     (2)        1      21         -     20 
Write-offs                 -        -   (38)       -   (38)       -        -    (30)         -   (30) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      7       -      7       -        -       9         -      9 
Foreign exchange 
movements 
and other                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end            57      121      -       -    178      55      102       -         -    157 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn            33      101      -       -    134      33       89       -         -    122 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          24       20      -       -     44      22       13       -         -     35 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Business and 
government 
(6) 
Balance at beginning     177      195    197       -    569     177      238     287         -    702 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               46        -      -       -     46      36        -       -         -     36 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              32     (32)      -       -      -      40     (40)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (11)       14    (3)       -      -    (12)       14     (2)         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -      (2)      2       -      -       -      (1)       1         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (15)       48      5       -     38    (57)      (4)       7         -   (54) 
 Derecognitions(4)      (10)     (19)    (4)       -   (33)    (18)     (17)     (2)         -   (37) 
 Changes to models       (1)      (1)      -       -    (2)       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   41        8      -       -     49    (11)     (48)       4         -   (55) 
Write-offs                 -        -    (8)       -    (8)       -        -    (81)         -   (81) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      3       -      3       -        -       2         -      2 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                 -        1    (1)       -      -       -        -       2         -      2 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           218      204    191       -    613     166      190     214         -    570 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           163      179    191       -    533     115      168     214         -    497 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          55       25      -       -     80      51       22       -         -     73 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Total allowances for 
 credit losses at 
 end 
 (7)                     421      520    337    (77)  1,201     335      458     318      (81)  1,030 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           339      471    337    (77)  1,070     259      419     318      (81)    915 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          82       49      -       -    131      76       39       -         -    115 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loan was acquired during the six-month period ended April 30, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the six-month period ended April 30, 2022 was $9 million). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (6)       Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 
   (7)       Excludes allowances for credit losses on other financial assets at amortized cost and on off-balance-sheet commitments other than undrawn commitments. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

Main Macroeconomic Factors

The following tables show the main macroeconomic factors used to estimate the allowances for credit losses on loans. For each scenario, namely, the base scenario, upside scenario, and downside scenario, the average values of the macroeconomic factors over the next 12 months (used for Stage 1 credit loss calculations) and over the remaining forecast period (used for Stage 2 credit loss calculations) are presented.

 
                                                                                       As at April 30, 
                                                                                                  2023 
------------------   --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  -------------------------- 
                                 Base scenario             Upside scenario           Downside scenario 
 -----------------   -------------------------  --------------------------  -------------------------- 
                         Next        Remaining                   Remaining                   Remaining 
                           12         forecast       Next         forecast       Next         forecast 
                       months           period  12 months           period  12 months           period 
 -----------------   --------      -----------  ---------      -----------  ---------      ----------- 
 
Macroeconomic 
factors 
(1) 
 
 GDP growth(2)          (0.3)   %     1.7   %         0.5   %     1.9   %       (5.1)   %     2.6   % 
 
 Unemployment rate        5.8   %     6.3   %         5.5   %     5.5   %         7.3   %     6.9   % 
 Housing price 
  index 
  growth(2)             (6.6)   %     1.4   %       (0.7)   %     1.2   %      (13.9)   %     0.3   % 
 
 BBB spread(3)            2.2   %     2.0   %         1.9   %     1.8   %         3.1   %     2.3   % 
 S&P/TSX 
  growth(2)(4)            1.2   %     2.0   %         5.6   %     2.6   %      (25.6)   %     5.5   % 
 WTI oil price(5) 
  (US$ per barrel)         71          69              84          80              43          52 
 ------------------  --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  --- 
 
 
                                                                                     As at January 31, 
                                                                                                  2023 
------------------   --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  -------------------------- 
                                 Base scenario             Upside scenario           Downside scenario 
 -----------------   -------------------------  --------------------------  -------------------------- 
                         Next        Remaining                   Remaining                   Remaining 
                           12         forecast       Next         forecast       Next         forecast 
                       months           period  12 months           period  12 months           period 
 -----------------   --------      -----------  ---------      -----------  ---------      ----------- 
 
Macroeconomic 
factors 
(1) 
 GDP growth(2)            0.3%        1.8%            0.8%        1.9%          (5.1)%        2.6% 
 Unemployment rate        5.8%        6.2%            5.5%        5.6%            7.3%        6.8% 
 Housing price 
  index 
  growth(2)             (9.6)%        1.3%          (0.8)%        0.4%         (13.9)%        0.3% 
 BBB spread(3)            2.3%        2.1%            2.1%        1.9%            3.3%        2.5% 
 S&P/TSX 
  growth(2)(4)            4.2%        2.0%            5.6%        2.6%         (25.6)%        5.5% 
 WTI oil price(5) 
  (US$ per barrel)         77          75              92          87              46          57 
 ------------------  --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  --- 
 
 
                                                                                     As at October 31, 
                                                                                                  2022 
------------------   --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  -------------------------- 
                                 Base scenario             Upside scenario           Downside scenario 
 -----------------   -------------------------  --------------------------  -------------------------- 
                         Next        Remaining                   Remaining                   Remaining 
                           12         forecast       Next         forecast       Next         forecast 
                       months           period  12 months           period  12 months           period 
 -----------------   --------      -----------  ---------      -----------  ---------      ----------- 
 
Macroeconomic 
factors 
(1) 
 GDP growth(2)            0.6%        1.7%            1.1%        1.6%          (5.2)%        2.9% 
 Unemployment rate        6.0%        6.1%            5.4%        5.4%            7.4%        6.4% 
 Housing price 
  index 
  growth(2)            (11.2)%        0.7%              -%        0.2%         (13.9)%        0.3% 
 BBB spread(3)            2.4%        2.1%            2.0%        1.9%            3.4%        2.6% 
 S&P/TSX 
  growth(2)(4)          (4.3)%        2.4%            5.1%        2.6%         (25.6)%        5.5% 
 WTI oil price(5) 
  (US$ per barrel)         78          77             102          97              44          51 
 ------------------  --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  --- 
 
   (1)       All macroeconomic factors are based on the Canadian economy unless otherwise indicated. 
   (2)       Growth rate is annualized. 

(3) Yield on corporate BBB bonds less yield on Canadian federal government bonds with 10-year maturity.

   (4)       Main stock index in Canada. 

(5) The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) index is commonly used as a benchmark for the price of oil.

The main macroeconomic factors used for the personal credit portfolio are unemployment rate and growth in the housing price index, based on the economy of Canada or Quebec. The main macroeconomic factors used for the business and government credit portfolio are unemployment rate, spread on corporate BBB bonds, S&P/TSX growth, and WTI oil price. An increase in unemployment rate or BBB spread will generally lead to higher allowances for credit losses, whereas an increase in the other macroeconomic factors (GDP, S&P/TSX, housing price index, and WTI oil price) will generally lead to lower allowances for credit losses.

During the quarter ended April 30, 2023, the macroeconomic risks are similar to those of the previous quarter, with uncertainty remaining high.

Despite greater-than-anticipated resilience in global growth in early 2023, new concerns have emerged, in particular surrounding the U.S. and European banking systems, which could slow growth. The restrictive monetary policy ushered in by the major central banks in response to rising inflation, which is improving but still too high globally, suggests a cautious outlook. In the United States, negotiations over raising the debt ceiling is making investors nervous as the government could find itself short of liquidity during the summer. The U.S. Federal Reserve is pausing interest rate hikes but the underlying inflation and high wages do not suggest rate cuts before the last quarter of the year. Monetary policy that remains so restrictive for so long will translate, in our scenario, into three quarters of economic contraction starting in the fourth quarter. The Bank of Canada was able to announce a rate hike pause before the U.S. Federal Reserve given greater success against inflation but that may not prevent the Canadian economy from experiencing lethargy caused by the high interest rates. A stronger banking system, greater excess savings, and advantageous foreign exchange terms lead us to believe that Canada's economy might be more resilient than the U.S. economy in the coming quarters. After 12 months, the unemployment rate rises 1.2 percentage points to 6.2%. Housing prices decrease by 6.6% year over year. The S&P/TSX sits at 20,427 points after one year, and the price of oil hovers around US$66.

In the upside scenario, an easing of geopolitical tensions boosts confidence. Inflation comes under control as supply chains normalize, and the tight monetary policy does not inflict too much damage on the economy. Governments maintain a sizable fiscal stimulus in Canada and the United States, offsetting the tight monetary policy. Consumer spending is surprisingly high because of the excess savings amassed since the start of the pandemic. After one year, the unemployment rate is more favourable than the base scenario (five-tenths lower). Housing prices remain unchanged, the S&P/TSX is at 21,305 points after one year, and the price of oil hovers around US$84.

In the downside scenario, central bankers have underestimated the impact of their simultaneous tightening measures, and the global economy sinks into a recession, as a decrease in demand is reflected in reduced investment by businesses, which also carry out layoffs. Given budgetary constraints, governments cannot support households and businesses as they did during the pandemic. After 12 months, the economic contraction pushes the unemployment rate to 8.1%. Housing prices decrease considerably. The S&P/TSX sits at 15,015 points after one year, and the price of oil hovers around US$37.

Given the uncertainty surrounding key inputs used to measure credit losses, the Bank has applied expert credit judgment to adjust the modelled expected credit loss results.

Sensitivity Analysis of Allowances for Credit Losses on Non-Impaired Loans

Scenarios

The following table shows a comparison of the Bank's allowances for credit losses on non-impaired loans (Stages 1 and 2) as at April 30, 2023 based on the probability weightings of three scenarios with allowances for credit losses resulting from simulations of each scenario weighted at 100%.

 
                                              Allowances 
                                              for credit 
                                  losses on non-impaired 
                                                   loans 
 -----------------------------   ----------------------- 
 
Balance as at April 30, 2023                         941 
------------------------------   ----------------------- 
 
Simulations 
 100% upside scenario                                699 
 100% base scenario                                  773 
 100% downside scenario                            1,183 
 ------------------------------  ----------------------- 
 

Note 6 - Other Assets

 
                                                 As at April  As at October 
                                                    30, 2023       31, 2022 
----------------------------------------------   -----------  ------------- 
 
Receivables, prepaid expenses and other items          3,070          2,591 
Interest and dividends receivable                      1,590          1,057 
Due from clients, dealers and brokers                    631            842 
Defined benefit asset                                    470            498 
Deferred tax assets                                      450            389 
Current tax assets                                       762            471 
Reinsurance assets                                         6              6 
Insurance assets                                         128            104 
-----------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
                                                       7,107          5,958 
 ----------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 

Note 7 - Deposits

 
                                                                                As at October 
                                                          As at April 30, 2023       31, 2022 
----------------------------   ---------  ------------  ----------------------  ------------- 
                               On demand  After notice    Fixed term 
                                     (1)           (2)           (3)     Total          Total 
----------------------------   ---------  ------------  ------------  --------  ------------- 
 
Personal                           4,591        35,986        45,029    85,606         78,811 
Business and government           62,134        32,512        97,109   191,755        184,230 
Deposit-taking institutions        1,340           121         2,692     4,153          3,353 
-----------------------------  ---------  ------------  ------------  --------  ------------- 
                                  68,065        68,619       144,830   281,514        266,394 
 ----------------------------  ---------  ------------  ------------  --------  ------------- 
 

(1) Demand deposits are deposits for which the Bank does not have the right to require a notice of withdrawal and consist essentially of deposits in chequing accounts.

(2) Notice deposits are deposits for which the Bank may legally require a notice of withdrawal and consist mainly of deposits in savings accounts.

(3) Fixed-term deposits are deposits that can be withdrawn by the holder on a specified date and include term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates, savings accounts and plans, covered bonds, and other similar instruments.

The Deposits - Business and government item includes, among other items, covered bonds for which the balance was $13.2 billion as at April 30, 2023 ($10.4 billion as at October 31, 2022). During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank issued 280 million Swiss francs and 1.0 billion euros in covered bonds (1.0 billion euros in covered bonds came to maturity, and the Bank issued 1.3 billion euros and US$1.5 billion in covered bonds during the six-month period ended April 30, 2022). For additional information on covered bonds, see Note 27 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

In addition, as at April 30, 2023, the Deposits - Business and government item also includes deposits of $ 15.4 billion ($ 12.8 billion as at October 31, 2022) that are subject to the bank bail-in conversion regulations issued by the Government of Canada. These regulations provide certain powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC), notably the power to convert certain eligible Bank shares and liabilities into common shares should the Bank become non-viable.

Note 8 - Other Liabilities

 
                                                    As at April  As at October 
                                                       30, 2023       31, 2022 
-------------------------------------------------   -----------  ------------- 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses                     2,038          2,582 
Subsidiaries' debts to third parties                        268            156 
Interest and dividends payable                            1,769          1,063 
Lease liabilities                                           536            552 
Due to clients, dealers and brokers                         495            730 
Defined benefit liability                                   116            111 
Allowances for credit losses - Off-balance-sheet 
 commitments (Note 5)                                       148            162 
Deferred tax liabilities                                     17             14 
Current tax liabilities                                      87             67 
Insurance liabilities                                        10             10 
Other items(1)(2)(3)                                      1,125            914 
--------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
                                                          6,609          6,361 
 -------------------------------------------------  -----------  ------------- 
 

(1) As at April 30, 2023, Other items included $6 million in litigation provisions ($11 million as at October 31, 2022).

(2) As at April 30, 2023, Other items included $32 million in provisions for onerous contracts ($33 million as at October 31, 2022 ).

(3) As at April 30, 2023, Other items included the financial liability resulting from put options written to non-controlling interests of Flinks Technology Inc. (Flinks) for an amount of $26 million ($33 million as at October 31, 2022).

Note 9 - Subordinated Debt

Redemption of Subordinated Debt

On February 1, 2023, the Bank redeemed $750 million of medium-term notes maturing on February 1, 2028 at a price equal to their nominal value plus accrued interest.

Note 10 - Share Capital and Other Equity Instruments

Shares and Other Equity Instruments Outstanding

 
                                                                      As at October 31, 
                                            As at April 30, 2023                   2022 
  -------------------------------------   ----------------------  --------------------- 
 
                                                Number 
                                             of shares    Shares       Number    Shares 
                                               or LRCN   or LRCN    of shares   or LRCN 
                                                   (1)         $      or LRCN         $ 
  -------------------------------------   ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
 
First Preferred Shares 
  Series 30                                 14,000,000       350   14,000,000       350 
  Series 32                                 12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  Series 38                                 16,000,000       400   16,000,000       400 
  Series 40                                 12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  Series 42                                 12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  --------------------------------------  ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
                                            66,000,000     1,650   66,000,000     1,650 
   -------------------------------------  ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Other equity instruments 
  LRCN - Series 1                              500,000       500      500,000       500 
  LRCN - Series 2                              500,000       500      500,000       500 
  LRCN - Series 3                              500,000       500      500,000       500 
  --------------------------------------  ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
                                             1,500,000     1,500    1,500,000     1,500 
   -------------------------------------  ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Preferred shares and other equity 
 instruments                                67,500,000     3,150   67,500,000     3,150 
---------------------------------------   ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Common shares at beginning of fiscal 
 year                                      336,582,124     3,196  337,912,283     3,160 
Issued pursuant to the Stock Option 
 Plan                                        1,088,870        60    1,193,663        61 
Repurchases of common shares for 
 cancellation                                        -         -  (2,500,000)      (24) 
Impact of shares purchased or sold 
 for trading(2)                                 48,589         5     (18,295)       (1) 
Other                                                -         -      (5,527)         - 
---------------------------------------   ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Common shares at end of period             337,719,583     3,261  336,582,124     3,196 
---------------------------------------   ------------  --------  -----------  -------- 
 
   (1)       Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN). 

(2) As at April 30, 2023, a total of 43,339 shares were sold short for trading, representing $5 million ( 5,250 shares were held for trading, representing a negligible amount as at October 31, 2022).

Dividends Declared and Distributions on Other Equity Instruments

 
                                                                   Six months ended April 
                                                                                       30 
  ----------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------------------ 
                                                           2023                      2022 
------------------------------------   ------------------------  ------------------------ 
 
                                          Dividends                 Dividends 
                                        or interest   Dividends   or interest   Dividends 
                                                  $   per share             $   per share 
  ----------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
 
First Preferred Shares 
  Series 30                                       7      0.5031             7      0.5031 
  Series 32                                       6      0.4799             6      0.4799 
  Series 38                                      14      0.8784             9      0.5563 
  Series 40                                       7      0.5750             7      0.5750 
  Series 42                                       7      0.6188             7      0.6188 
                                       ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
                                                 41                        36 
   ----------------------------------  ------------              ------------ 
Other equity instruments 
  LRCN - Series 1(1)                             10                        10 
  LRCN - Series 2(2)                             10                        10 
  LRCN - Series 3(3)                             19                         - 
                                                 39                        20 
   ----------------------------------  ------------              ------------ 
Preferred shares and other equity 
 instruments                                     80                        56 
                                       ------------              ------------ 
Common shares                                   655      1.9400           587      1.7400 
                                                735                       643 
   ----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
 
   (1)       The LRCN - Series 1 bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.30% per annum. 
   (2)       The LRCN - Series 2 bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.05% per annum. 
   (3)       The LRCN - Series 3 bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% per annum. 

Note 10 - Share Capital and Other Equity Instruments (cont.)

Repurchase of Common Shares

On December 12, 2022, the Bank began a normal course issuer bid to repurchase for cancellation up to 7,000,000 common shares (representing approximately 2.1% of its outstanding common shares) over the 12-month period ending on December 11, 2023. On December 10, 2021, the Bank had begun a normal course issuer bid to repurchase for cancellation up to 7,000,000 common shares (representing approximately 2% of its then outstanding common shares) over the 12-month period ended December 9, 2022. Any repurchase through the Toronto Stock Exchange will be done at market prices. The common shares may also be repurchased through other means authorized by the Toronto Stock Exchange and applicable regulations, including private agreements or share repurchase programs under issuer bid exemption orders issued by the securities regulators. A private purchase made under an exemption order issued by a securities regulator will be done at a discount to the prevailing market price. The amounts that are paid above the average book value of the common shares are charged to Retained earnings. During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank did not repurchase any common shares. During the six-month period ended April 30, 2022, the Bank had repurchased 2,500,000 common shares for $245 million, which had reduced Common share capital by $24 million and Retained earnings by $221 million.

Note 11 - Capital Disclosure

The Bank and all other major Canadian banks have to maintain the following minimum capital ratios established by OSFI: a CET1 capital ratio of at least 11.0%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 12.5%, and a Total capital ratio of at least 14.5%. All of these ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and OSFI, a 1.0% surcharge applicable solely to Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) and a 3.0% domestic stability buffer. On December 8, 2022, OSFI expanded the domestic stability buffer range, setting it at 0% to 4.0% instead of the previous range of 0% to 2.5%, and it announced that the buffer would rise from 2.5% to 3.0% effective February 1, 2023. The domestic stability buffer must consist exclusively of CET1 capital. A D--SIB that fails to meet this buffer requirement will not be subject to automatic constraints to reduce capital distributions but must provide a remediation plan to OSFI. Banks also have to meet the requirements of an updated capital output floor calculated under the Basel III revised Standardized Approach . If the capital requirement is less than 65.0% of the capital output floor requirement calculated using the Basel III revised Standardized Approach, the difference is added to the total risk-weighted assets. Lastly, OSFI requires D-SIBs to maintain a Basel III leverage ratio of at least 3.5%. Effective February 1, 2023, OSFI increased the leverage ratio minimum requirement by imposing a Tier 1 capital buffer of 0.5% applicable only to D-SIBs.

OSFI also requires D-SIBs to maintain a risk-based total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) ratio of at least 24.5% (including the domestic stability buffer) of risk-weighted assets and a TLAC leverage ratio of at least 7.25% ( increased by 0.5% effective February 1, 2023) . The purpose of TLAC is to ensure that a D-SIB has sufficient loss-absorbing capacity to support its internal recapitalization in the unlikely event it becomes non-viable.

In the second quarter of 2023, the Bank implemented OSFI's guidance relating to the Basel III reforms, notably:

   --    a revised Standardized Approach and Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) Approach to credit risk; 
   --    a revised Standardized Approach for operational risk; 
   --    a revised capital output floor; 
   --    a revised Leverage Ratio Framework; and 
   --    revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements. 

The Basel III reforms also affected the market risk and credit valuation adjustment (CVA) risk frameworks, which will be implemented in the first quarter of 2024.

During the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank was in compliance with all of OSFI's regulatory capital, leverage, and TLAC requirements.

Regulatory Capital (1) , Leverage Ratio (1) and TLAC (2)

 
                         As at April      As at October 
                            30, 2023           31, 2022 
                         -----------      ------------- 
Capital 
 CET1                         15,892             14,818 
 Tier 1                       19,037             17,961 
 Total                        20,110             19,727 
                         -----------      ------------- 
Risk-weighted assets         119,111            116,840 
 
Total exposure               448,584            401,780 
                         -----------      ------------- 
 
Capital ratios 
 
 CET1                           13.3   %           12.7% 
 
 Tier 1                         16.0   %           15.4% 
 
 Total                          16.9   %           16.9% 
                         -----------      ------------- 
 
Leverage ratio                   4.2   %            4.5% 
 
Available TLAC                34,886             32,351 
 
TLAC ratio                      29.3   %           27.7% 
 
TLAC leverage ratio              7.8   %            8.1% 
                         -----------      ------------- 
 

(1) Capital, risk-weighted assets, total exposure, the capital ratios, and the leverage ratio are calculated in accordance with the Basel III rules, as set out in OSFI's Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline and Leverage Requirements Guideline. The calculation of the figures as at October 31, 2022 had included the transitional measure applicable to expected credit loss provisioning and the temporary measure regarding the exclusion of central bank reserves implemented by OSFI in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These provisions ceased to apply on November 1, 2022 and April 1, 2023, respectively.

(2) Available TLAC, the TLAC ratio, and the TLAC leverage ratio are calculated in accordance with OSFI's Total Loss Absorbing Capacity Guideline.

Note 12 - Share-Based Payments

Stock Option Plan

During the quarters ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the Bank did not award any stock options. During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank awarded 1,416,060 stock options (1,771,588 stock options during the six-month period ended April 30, 2022) with an average fair value of $14.76 per option ($13.24 in 2022).

As at April 30, 2023, there were 12,170,881 stock options outstanding (11,861,749 stock options as at October 31, 2022).

The average fair value of the options awarded was estimated on the award date using the Black-Scholes model as well as the following assumptions.

 
                              Six months ended April 
                                                  30 
                            ------------------------ 
                                   2023         2022 
 
 
Risk-free interest rate           3.25%        1.79% 
Expected life of options        7 years      7 years 
Expected volatility              23.13%       22.68% 
Expected dividend yield           4.23%        3.88% 
 
 

During the quarter ended April 30, 2023, a $4 million compensation expense was recorded for this plan ($4 million for the quarter ended April 30, 2022). During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, a $9 million compensation expense was recorded for this plan ($8 million for the six-month period ended April 30, 2022).

Note 13 - Employee Benefits - Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

The Bank offers pension plans that have a defined benefit component and a defined contribution component. The Bank also offers other post-employment benefit plans to eligible employees. The cost associated with these plans, including the remeasurements recognized in Other comprehensive income, is presented in the following table.

Cost for Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

 
                                                                          Quarter ended April 
                                                                                           30 
 
                                                                        Other post-employment 
                                                       Pension plans            benefit plans 
                                                     --------------- 
                                                       2023     2022         2023        2022 
                                                     ------  -------  -----------  ---------- 
 
Current service cost                                     23       31            -           - 
Interest expense (income), net                          (6)      (5)            1           1 
Administrative costs                                      1        1 
                                                     ------  ------- 
Expense of the defined benefit component                 18       27            1           1 
Expense of the defined contribution component             3 
                                                     ------ 
Expense recognized in Net income                         21       27            1           1 
                                                     ------  -------  -----------  ---------- 
Remeasurements (1) 
 Actuarial (gains) losses on defined 
  benefit obligation                                     32    (725)            1        (19) 
 Return on plan assets(2)                              (37)      641 
                                                     ------  ------- 
Remeasurements recognized in Other comprehensive 
 income                                                 (5)     (84)            1        (19) 
                                                     ------  -------  -----------  ---------- 
                                                         16     (57)            2        (18) 
                                                     ------  -------  -----------  ---------- 
 
 
                                                                            Six months ended 
                                                                                    April 30 
 -------------------------------------------------   -----  ------- 
                                                            Pension    Other post-employment 
                                                              plans            benefit plans 
                                                            -------  ----------------------- 
                                                      2023     2022         2023        2022 
  -------------------------------------------------  -----  -------  -----------  ---------- 
 
Current service cost                                    46       62            -           - 
Interest expense (income), net                        (12)     (10)            3           2 
Administrative costs                                     2        2 
                                                     -----  ------- 
Expense of the defined benefit component                36       54            3           2 
Expense of the defined contribution component            4 
                                                     ----- 
Expense recognized in Net income                        40       54            3           2 
                                                     -----  -------  -----------  ---------- 
Remeasurements (1) 
 Actuarial (gains) losses on defined 
  benefit obligation                                   362    (910)            7        (23) 
 Return on plan assets(2)                            (301)      699 
 --------------------------------------------------  -----  ------- 
Remeasurements recognized in Other comprehensive 
 income                                                 61    (211)            7        (23) 
                                                     -----  -------  -----------  ---------- 
                                                       101    (157)           10        (21) 
  -------------------------------------------------  -----  -------  -----------  ---------- 
 

(1) Changes related to the discount rate and to the return on plan assets are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. All other assumptions are updated annually.

   (2)        Excludes interest income. 

Note 14 - Income Taxes

Notice of Assessment

In March 2023, the Bank was reassessed by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for additional income tax and interest of approximately $90 million (including estimated provincial tax and interest) in respect of certain Canadian dividends received by the Bank during the 2018 taxation year.

In prior fiscal years, the Bank had been reassessed for additional income tax and interest of approximately $875 million (including provincial tax and interest) in respect of certain Canadian dividends received by the Bank during the 2012-2017 taxation years.

In the reassessments, the CRA alleges that the dividends were received as part of a "dividend rental arrangement".

The CRA may issue reassessments to the Bank for taxation years subsequent to 2018 in regard to certain activities similar to those that were the subject of the above-mentioned reassessments. The Bank remains confident that its tax position was appropriate and intends to vigorously defend its position. As a result, no amount has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements as at April 30, 2023.

Canadian Government's 2022 Tax Measures

On November 4, 2022, the Government of Canada introduced Bill C-32 - An Act to implement certain provisions of the fall economic statement tabled in Parliament on November 3, 2022 and certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022 to implement tax measures applicable to certain entities of banking and life insurer groups, as presented in its April 7, 2022 budget. These tax measures include the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD), which is a one-time, 15% tax on the fiscal 2021 and 2020 average taxable income above $1 billion, as well as a 1.5% increase in the statutory tax rate. On December 15, 2022, Bill C-32 received royal assent. Given that these tax measures were in effect at the financial reporting date, a $32 million tax expense for the CRD and an $8 million tax recovery for the tax rate increase, including the impact related to current and deferred taxes for fiscal 2022, were recognized in the consolidated financial statements as at April 30, 2023.

Proposed Legislation

In its March 28, 2023 budget, the Government of Canada proposed to introduce certain tax measures applicable to the Bank. The measures include the denial of the deduction in respect of dividends received after 2023 on shares that are mark-to-market property for tax purposes, the application of a 2% tax on the net value of equity repurchases occurring as of January 1, 2024, as well as the government's intention to implement the Pillar Two rules (global minimum tax) published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for fiscal years beginning as of December 31, 2023. The proposed measures have not yet been included in a bill at the reporting date.

Note 15 - Earnings Per Share

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after taking into account the dilution effect of stock options using the treasury stock method and any gain (loss) on the redemption of preferred shares.

 
                                                         Quarter ended April    Six months ended 
                                                                          30            April 30 
 
                                                             2023    2022(1)      2023   2022(1) 
                                                       ---------- 
 
Basic earnings per share 
Net income attributable to the Bank's shareholders 
 and holders of other equity instruments                      848        890     1,729     1,820 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions 
 on other equity instruments                                   35         25        70        51 
Net income attributable to common shareholders                813        865     1,659     1,769 
Weighted average basic number of common 
 shares outstanding (thousands)                           337,497    337,381   337,241   337,724 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
Basic earnings per share (dollars)                           2.41       2.56      4.92      5.24 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
 
Diluted earnings per share 
Net income attributable to common shareholders                813        865     1,659     1,769 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
Weighted average basic number of common 
 shares outstanding (thousands)                           337,497    337,381   337,241   337,724 
Adjustment to average number of common shares 
 (thousands) 
 Stock options(2)                                           3,474      4,037     3,384     4,126 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
Weighted average diluted number of common 
 shares outstanding (thousands)                           340,971    341,418   340,625   341,850 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
Diluted earnings per share (dollars)                         2.38       2.53      4.87      5.17 
                                                       ----------  ---------            -------- 
 

(1) For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2023, as the exercise price of the options was lower than the average price of the Bank's common shares, no options were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation (no options were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation for the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022).

Note 16 - Segment Disclosures

The Bank carries out its activities in four business segments, which are defined below. For presentation purposes, other activities are grouped in the Other heading. Each reportable segment is distinguished by services offered, type of clientele, and marketing strategy. The presentation of segment disclosures is consistent with the presentation adopted by the Bank for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2022. This presentation reflects a revision to the method used for the sectoral allocation of technology investment expenses , which are now immediately allocated to the various business segments, whereas certain expenses , notably costs incurred during the research phase of projects , had previously been recorded in the Other heading of segment results. This revision is consistent with the accounting policy change applied in fiscal 2022 related to cloud computing arrangements. For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022 , certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect this accounting policy change (for additional information, see Note 1).

Personal and Commercial

The Personal and Commercial segment encompasses the banking, financing, and investing services offered to individuals, advisors, and businesses as well as insurance operations.

Wealth Management

The Wealth Management segment comprises investment solutions, trust services, banking services, lending services, and other wealth management solutions offered through internal and third-party distribution networks.

Financial Markets

The Financial Markets segment encompasses corporate banking and investment banking and financial solutions for large and mid-size corporations, public sector organizations, and institutional investors.

U.S. Specialty Finance and International (USSF&I)

The USSF&I segment encompasses the specialty finance expertise provided by the Credigy subsidiary; the activities of the ABA Bank subsidiary, which offers financial products and services to individuals and businesses in Cambodia; and the activities of targeted investments in certain emerging markets.

Other

This heading encompasses treasury activities; liquidity management; Bank funding; asset/liability management activities; the activities of the Flinks subsidiary, a fintech company specialized in financial data aggregation and distribution; certain specified items; and the unallocated portion of corporate units.

 
                                                                                            Quarter ended April 30(1) 
 ---------------- 
                           Personal 
                                and        Wealth         Financial 
                         Commercial    Management           Markets          USSF&I           Other             Total 
 ----------------  ---------------- 
                      2023     2022   2023   2022     2023     2022    2023    2022    2023    2022     2023     2022 
----------------- 
 
Net interest 
 income(2)             802      670    190    127    (212)      355     269     277   (167)   (116)      882    1,313 
Non-interest 
 income(2)             298      292    427    452      884      277      16       8    (28)      97    1,597    1,126 
----------------- 
Total revenues       1,100      962    617    579      672      632     285     285   (195)    (19)    2,479    2,439 
Non-interest 
 expenses              601      552    372    357      283      258      98      88      20      44    1,374    1,299 
----------------- 
Income before 
 provisions 
 for credit 
 losses and 
 income 
 taxes                 499      410    245    222      389      374     187     197   (215)    (63)    1,105    1,140 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                 37       11      -      -       19     (16)      26       9       3     (1)       85        3 
----------------- 
Income before 
 income 
 taxes (recovery)      462      399    245    222      370      390     161     188   (218)    (62)    1,020    1,137 
Income taxes 
 (recovery)(2)         127      106     67     59      102      103      33      36   (156)    (56)      173      248 
----------------- 
Net income             335      293    178    163      268      287     128     152    (62)     (6)      847      889 
Non-controlling 
 interests               -        -      -      -        -        -       -       -     (1)     (1)      (1)      (1) 
----------------- 
Net income 
attributable 
 to the Bank's 
  shareholders 
  and holders of 
  other 
  equity 
  instruments          335      293    178    163      268      287     128     152    (61)     (5)      848      890 
 
Average assets(3)  147,316  137,636  8,518  8,327  172,361  149,029  22,562  18,230  70,458  71,404  421,215  384,626 
----------------- 
Total assets       148,914  141,068  8,699  8,426  168,164  142,421  23,243  18,634  68,664  59,021  417,684  369,570 
 
 
 
                                                                                          Six months ended April 30(1) 
 
                            Personal 
                                 and        Wealth         Financial 
                          Commercial    Management           Markets          USSF&I           Other             Total 
 ----------------- 
                       2023     2022   2023   2022     2023     2022    2023    2022    2023    2022     2023     2022 
------------------ 
 
Net interest 
 income(4)            1,627    1,339    398    246    (303)      753     568     547   (309)   (240)    1,981    2,645 
Non-interest 
 income(4)              597      581    856    925    1,664      541      36      23    (73)     190    3,080    2,260 
------------------ 
Total revenues        2,224    1,920  1,254  1,171    1,361    1,294     604     570   (382)    (50)    5,061    4,905 
Non-interest 
 expenses             1,207    1,107    736    717      570      521     196     168      68      66    2,777    2,579 
------------------ 
Income before 
 provisions 
 for credit 
 losses and income 
 taxes                1,017      813    518    454      791      773     408     402   (450)   (116)    2,284    2,326 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                  98        6      -      -       10     (32)      61      27       2       -      171        1 
------------------ 
Income before 
 income 
 taxes (recovery)       919      807    518    454      781      805     347     375   (452)   (116)    2,113    2,325 
Income taxes 
 (recovery)(4)(5)       253      214    142    121      215      213      72      75   (297)   (117)      385      506 
------------------ 
Net income              666      593    376    333      566      592     275     300   (155)       1    1,728    1,819 
Non-controlling 
 interests                -        -      -      -        -        -       -       -     (1)     (1)      (1)      (1) 
------------------ 
Net income 
attributable 
 to the Bank's 
  shareholders 
  and 
  holders of other 
  equity 
  instruments           666      593    376    333      566      592     275     300   (154)       2    1,729    1,820 
 
Average assets(3)   146,714  136,852  8,521  8,329  172,819  153,467  22,076  18,100  72,981  69,935  423,111  386,683 
------------------ 
Total assets        148,914  141,068  8,699  8,426  168,164  142,421  23,243  18,634  68,664  59,021  417,684  369,570 
 
 

(1) For the quarter and six-month period ended April 30, 2022, certain amounts have been reclassified, notably due to a revised method for the sectoral allocation of technology investment expenses. In addition, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements (for additional information, see Note 1).

(2) The Net interest income, Non-interest income, and Income taxes (recovery) items of the business segments are presented on a taxable equivalent basis. Taxable equivalent basis is a calculation method that consists of grossing up certain revenues taxed at lower rates by the income tax to a level that would make it comparable to revenues from taxable sources in Canada. For the business segments as a whole, Net interest income was grossed up by $76 million ($49 million in 2022), Non-interest income was grossed up by $56 million ($3 million in 2022), and an equivalent amount was recognized in Income taxes (recovery). The effect of these adjustments is reversed under the Other heading.

(3) Represents an average of the daily balances for the period, which is also the basis on which sectoral assets are reported in the business segments.

(4) During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, for the business segments as whole, Net interest income was grossed up by $154 million ($109 million in 2022), Non-interest income was grossed up by $108 million ($7 million in 2022), and an equivalent amount was recognized in Income taxes (recovery). The effect of these adjustments has been reversed under the Other heading.

(5) During the six-month period ended April 30, 2023, the Bank recorded a $32 million tax expense with respect to the Canada Recovery Dividend, i.e., a one-time, 15% tax on the fiscal 2021 and 2020 average taxable income above $1 billion, as well as an $8 million tax recovery related to a 1.5% increase in the statutory tax rate, which includes the impact related to current and deferred taxes for fiscal 2022. These items are recorded in the Other heading. For additional information on these tax measures, see Note 14.

Note 17 - Event After the Consolidated Balance Sheet Date

On May 2, 2023, the Bank concluded that it had lost significant influence over TMX Group Limited (TMX) and therefore, as of this date, ceased using the equity method to account for this investment. The Bank designated its investment in TMX as a financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in an amount of $191 million. Following the fair value measurement, a $91 million gain will be recorded in the Non-interest income - Other item of the Consolidated Statement of Income and will be reported in the Other heading of segment results during the third quarter of 2023. As at April 30, 2023, the Bank's ownership interest in TMX was 2.5%.

Information for Shareholders and Investors

Investor Relations

Financial analysts and investors who want to obtain financial information on the Bank may contact the Investor Relations Department.

600 De La Gauchetière Street West, 7(th) Floor

Montreal, Quebec H3B 4L2

Toll-free: 1-866-517-5455

Email: investorrelations@nbc.ca

Website: nbc.ca/investorrelations

Communications and Corporate Social Responsibility

600 De La Gauchetière Street West, 18(th) Floor

Montreal, Quebec H3B 4L2

Telephone: 514-394-8644

Email: pa@nbc.ca

Quarterly Report Publication Dates for Fiscal 2023

(subject to approval by the Board of Directors of the Bank)

 
First quarter              March 1 
Second quarter             May 31 
Third quarter              August 30 
Fourth quarter             December 1 
 
 
 
     Disclosure of 
     Second Quarter 2023 Results 
 
     Conference Call 
      *    A conference call for analysts and institutional 
           investors will be held on Wednesday, May 31, 2023 at 
           1:00 p.m. EDT. 
 
 
      *    Access by telephone in listen-only mode: 
           1-800-806-5484 or 
 
 
     416-340-2217 . The access code is 
     9583004 # . 
      *    A recording of the conference call can be heard until 
           August 31, 2023 by dialing 1-800-408-3053 or 
           905-694-9451. The access code is 5604431#. 
 
 
 
     Webcast 
      *    The conference call will be webcast live at 
           nbc.ca/investorrelations . 
 
 
      *    A recording of the webcast will also be available on 
           National Bank's website after the call. 
 
 
 
     Financial Documents 
      *    The Report to Shareholders (which includes the 
           quarterly consolidated financial statements) is 
           available at all times on National Bank's website at 
           nbc.ca/investorrelations . 
 
 
      *    The Report to Shareholders, the Supplementary 
           Financial Information, the Supplementary Regulatory 
           Capital and Pillar 3 Disclosure, and a slide 
           presentation will be available on the Investor 
           Relations page of National Bank's website on the 
           morning of the day of the conference call. 
 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

For information about stock transfers, address changes, dividends, lost certificates, tax forms, and estate transfers, shareholders of record may contact the transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at the address or telephone number below.

Computershare Trust Company of Canada

Share Ownership Management

100 University Avenue, 8(th) Floor

Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1

Telephone: 1-888-838-1407

Fax: 1-888-453-0330

Email: service@computershare.com

Website: computershare.com

Shareholders whose shares are held by a market intermediary are asked to contact the market intermediary concerned.

Direct Deposit Service for Dividends

Shareholders may elect to have their dividend payments deposited directly via electronic funds transfer to their bank account at any financial institution that is a member of the Canadian Payments Association. To do so, they must send a written request to the transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada.

Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan

National Bank has a Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan for holders of its common and preferred shares under which they can acquire common shares of the Bank without paying commissions or administration fees. P articipants acquire common shares through the reinvestment of cash dividends paid on the shares they hold or through optional cash payments of at least $1 per payment, up to a maximum of $5,000 per quarter.

For additional information, shareholders may contact National Bank's registrar and transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at 1--888--838--1407. To participate in the plan, National Bank's beneficial or non-registered common shareholders must contact their financial institution or broker.

Dividends

Dividends paid are "eligible dividends" in accordance with the Income Tax Act (Canada).

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END

IR LFLFXXELLBBE

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

May 31, 2023 08:48 ET (12:48 GMT)

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