associate - TA Holdings Limited       28.1    (2,542)      3,230 
     Gain on bargain purchase of 
      additional shares in an associate       28.1          -      (761) 
       Share of loss of associate 
        - Telerix Communications              28.3      (534)      1,194 
       Share of profit of other associates     28       (780)       (75) 
     Gain on bargain purchase of 
      TA Holdings Limited                      8      (9,973)          - 
     Net realized and unrealized 
      gains/(losses)                           15     (4,933)      2,229 
     Gain on bargain purchase of 
      Minerva Holdings (Private) 
      Ltd                                                   -      (241) 
     Depreciation                              20         369         57 
     Loss on disposal of investments           20           4          - 
     Amortisation of intangible 
      assets                                   20          14 
     Insurance claims recovered 
      from reinsurers                         18.4      2,603 
     Loan forgiveness                                       -        192 
     Share-based payment transaction 
      expense                                  37         311        734 
     Finance cost                                         758        156 
     Finance income                                   (1,909)    (1,100) 
     Unrealized exchange losses                             1          7 
 Working capital adjustments: 
     Increase in inventory                               (13)          - 
     Increase in reinsurance receivables              (1,744)          - 
     Decrease in insurance receivables                  2,174          - 
     Decrease in trade and other 
      receivables                                         291         36 
     Increase in insurance contract 
      liabilities                                       1,165          - 
     Decrease in deferred income                         (73)          - 
     Increase in insurance payables                   (2,122) 
     Increase in loans to Directors 
      and employees                                     (566)      (280) 
     (Decrease)/increase in other 
      payables                                        (2,502)        242 
                                                    ---------  --------- 
 Cash generated from operating 
  activities                                          (3,607)    (4,063) 
                                                    ---------  --------- 
 
   46           Financial risk management 

The primary objective of the Group's risk management framework is to protect the Group's shareholders from events that hinder the sustainable achievement of financial performance objectives, including failing to exploit opportunities. Key management recognises the critical importance of having efficient and effective risk management systems in place.

The Group is exposed to financial risk through its financial assets and financial liabilities. The Group's principal financial liabilities comprise bank loans and overdrafts, trade payable, other loans and insurance contract liabilities. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to raise finance for the Group's operations. The Group has various financial assets such as shares in listed and unlisted entities, trade receivables and cash and short-term deposits, which arise directly from its operations.

The Group's policy is to manage financial risk separately through its operations subject to monitoring by the Group Treasurer and the Investment Committee. The risks arising from policyholder and shareholder financial instruments are similar in nature, as such no distinction has been made in assessing the quantitative effects of the financial risks emanating from these financial instruments.

The policies for managing each of these risks are summarized below:

   46.1       Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its leasing activities, loans and receivables, investments in debt securities, insurance policyholders, amounts due from underwriting agencies and brokers, reinsurance assets and from deposits with banks. Credit risk is minimized by requiring tenants to pay rentals in advance. The credit quality of customers is assessed based on a credit rating scorecard at the time of entering into a lease agreement. Outstanding receivables are regularly monitored and followed up.

The Group's share of outstanding tenants' receivables as at 31 December 2014 was $385,000 (2013: $305,000) of which 31% (2013: 78%) had been owed for 30 days and below. 7% of the outstanding tenants' receivables as at 31 December 2014 had been owed for between 30 days and 60 days, 7% had been owed for between 60 days and 90 days, and 55% had been owed for between 90 days and 120 days. There were no past due but not impaired tenant's receivables at 31 December 2014 (2013: $nil).

With respect to credit risk arising from other financial assets of the Group, which comprise cash and cash equivalents, loans and receivables and debt securities, the Group's exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments at the reporting date, of $64 million (2013: $nil).

As of 31 December 2014, trade receivables of $5.8 million (2013: $nil) were past due but not impaired. The ageing analysis of these trade receivables is as follows:

 
                   2014   2013 
                    US$    US$ 
 
 Up to 3 months   1,613      - 
 3 to 6 months    4,201      - 
                 ------  ----- 
 Total            5,814      - 
                 ------  ----- 
 

The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk.

The credit quality of cash at banks can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates. The following

 
                                          2014        2013 
                                      US$ '000    US$ '000 
 
 Cash at banks and short-term bank 
  deposits 
 AA+                                     2,564           - 
 AA                                          1           - 
 AA-                                     7,749          27 
 A+                                      1,489           2 
 A-                                        146 
 BBB                                     4,237          17 
 BB+                                        57           4 
 LD                                         79           - 
 Unrated (rating not available)          1,901           - 
                                     ---------  ---------- 
                                        18,223          50 
 Cash in hand                               77           - 
 Total cash and cash equivalents        18,300          50 
                                     ---------  ---------- 
 
 
Investment 
 grade                         Description 
 
AA+ 
AA 
            Very high credit quality. Protection factors 
             are very strong. Adverse changes in business, 
             economic or financial conditions would increase 
AA-          investment risk although not significantly 
 
A+ 
            High credit quality. Protection factors 
             are good. However, risk factors are more 
             variable and greater in periods of economic 
A-           stress. 
 
BBB 
            Adequate protection factors and considered 
             sufficient for prudent investment. However, 
             there is considerable variability in risk 
             during economic cycles. 
 
            Below investment grade but capacity for 
             timely repayment exists. Present or prospective 
             financial protection factors fluctuate according 
             industry conditions or company fortunes. 
             Overall quality may move up or down frequently 
BB+          within this category 
 
            Defaulted on one or more of its obligations, 
             failing to meet the schedule principal and/or 
             interest payments (LD). Defaulted on all 
             obligations, or is likely to default on 
             all or substantially all scheduled principal 
LD           and/or interest payments (DD) 
            The financial institutions in this category 
             do not have ratings. Based on management's 
             experience with these institutions their 
             financial performance has been stable and 
             their generally adopt a prudent approach 
Unrated      to liquidity management. 
 
   46.2       Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Group's exposure to liquidity risk relates mainly to borrowings, investment contracts and their liabilities, insurance contracts and their liabilities and trade and other payables.

The Group's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities as they fall due, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group's reputation. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash resources and banking facilities and by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows.

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group's financial liabilities at 31 December 2014:

Maturity profile for liabilities

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