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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 20-F
     
o   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PERSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED ON DECEMBER 31, 2007
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PERSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM  _____  TO  _____ 
OR
     
o   SHELL COMPANY REPORT PERSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 1-10905
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Ave. Ricardo Margáin Zozaya 400, Col. Valle del Campestre,
San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, 66265 México
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
     
Shares of Series “A” common stock, no par value   New York Stock Exchange*
Ordinary Participation Certificate, each representing
one share of Series “A” common stock
  New York Stock Exchange*
     
American Depositary Shares, evidenced by American
Depositary Receipts, each representing three
Ordinary Participation Certificates
  New York Stock Exchange
 
     
*  
Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
11.75% Senior Notes due 2013
8.625% Senior Notes due 2012
9.125% Senior Notes due 2017
The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital stock
as of December 31, 2007:
358,504,974 shares of Series “A” common stock, no par value
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act
Yes o                     No þ
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Yes o                      No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ                      No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer       o       Accelerated filer       þ      Non-accelerated filer       o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP o International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board o      Other þ
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 o                     Item 18 þ
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o                     No þ
 
 

 

 


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  Exhibit 2.11
  Exhibit 2.12
  Exhibit 2.18
  Exhibit 2.19
  Exhibit 2.23
  Exhibit 2.24
  Exhibit 8.1
  Exhibit 12.1
  Exhibit 12.2
  Exhibit 12.3
  Exhibit 13.1

 

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PRESENTATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., formerly Vitro, S.A. de C.V., is a corporation ( sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable ) organized under the laws of Mexico, and is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through its subsidiaries. In this annual report, except when indicated or the context otherwise requires, (a) the words “Vitro” and “our holding company” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., and not its consolidated subsidiaries and (b) the words “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., together with its consolidated subsidiaries. References in this annual report to business units are to combinations of various consolidated entities that have been grouped together for management and presentation purposes.
References in this annual report to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of the United Mexican States, which we refer to as “Mexico”. References to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars” or “$” are to dollars of the United States of America, which we refer to as the “United States” or “U.S.”
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“Mexican FRS”) issued by the Mexican Board for Research and Development of Financial Reporting Standards (the “CINIF”), which differs in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which we refer to as “U.S. GAAP.” See note 24 to our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 which provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us.
On August 29, 2007, Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. (“Viméxico”), the holding company for our Flat Glass business unit, acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A. de C.V. (“PVA”), a company dedicated to the installation of value-added glass products.
On July 24, 2007, Viméxico exercised its option to acquire the 50% equity interest of Vitro AFG, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro AFG”) of its joint venture partner AFG Industries (“AFG”), a subsidiary of Asahi Glass Co. Limited (a Japanese company), and Vitro AFG became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Viméxico.
In April 2006, Empresas Comegua, S.A. (“Comegua”) acquired Vidrios Panameños, S.A. (“Vipasa”), a glass container company located in Panama for a purchase price of Ps. 218 million ($20 million). See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Acquisitions.”
On February 1, 2007, Vitro completed an offering, of $1.0 billion of senior guaranteed notes (the “Initial Notes”) principally to refinance existing third-party debt at the Vitro holding company level, substantially all of the third-party debt at its subsidiary Vitro Envases Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V. (“VENA”) and certain third-party debt at subsidiaries of Viméxico. As a result of this transaction, as of December 31, 2006, Ps. 4,378 million ($403 million) of short-term borrowings and current maturities were reclassified as long-term debt. In connection with that offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the Initial Notes in which we agreed, among other things, to complete an exchange offer. This exchange offer was intended to satisfy our obligations under this registration rights agreement. The holders of the Initial Notes were entitled to exchange in the exchange offer their Initial Notes for new notes (the “Exchange Notes” or “Notes”) which were identical in all material respects to the Initial Notes except that (i) the Exchange Notes have been registered under the Securities Act. The Notes are guaranteed by VENA (wholly-owned subsidiary) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and by Viméxico (our 91.8% owned subsidiary) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and accordingly, as a non-wholly-owned subsidiary, separate consolidated financial statements of Viméxico and its subsidiaries set forth in this annual report. (See note 24 to our consolidated financial statements for supplemental information regarding our guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries).
On June 16, 2006, we completed the sale of our 51% equity ownership interest in Vitrocrisa Holding, S. de R.L. de C.V. and its subsidiaries Crisa Libbey, S.A. de C.V. and Crisa Industrial, LLC (together, “Vitrocrisa”) to Libbey, Inc. (“Libbey”), the owner of the remaining 49% equity interest. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Strategic Sale of Non-Core Businesses and Assets.” Vitrocrisa, which was previously presented as one of our reportable segments is presented as a discontinued operation. Accordingly, all financial and operating information relating to Vitrocrisa in this annual report is presented as a discontinued operation. In addition, the discussion of our indebtedness in this annual report does not include the indebtedness of Vitrocrisa, which is presented on our consolidated balance sheets as a part of “total liabilities from discontinued operations” for fiscal years 2003, 2004 and 2005.

 

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Certain of our subsidiaries have been classified as discontinued operations as they meet the definition of held for sale for U.S. GAAP purposes. These subsidiaries did not meet the definition of discontinued operations for Mexican FRS purposes as they do not constitute the sale of a significant portion of our business. See note 24 k) to our consolidated financial statements for a description of those subsidiaries.
This annual report contains translations of certain constant peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the constant peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the specified rate indicated or at all. The exchange rate used in preparing our consolidated financial statements and in preparing convenience translations of such information into U.S. dollars is the exchange rate calculated and published by the Banco de México, or the Mexican Central Bank, in the Diario Oficial de la Federación , Mexico’s Daily Official Gazette of the Federal Government, for the conversion of U.S. dollar-denominated amounts into pesos, which we refer to as the “Free Exchange Rate.” As of December 31, 2007, the Free Exchange Rate was 10.8662 pesos per U.S. dollar.
Our consolidated financial statements contained in this annual report are expressed in constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007. As of January 1, 2008 our financial information will be presented in nominal pesos in accordance with Mexican FRS. All peso amounts pertaining to fiscal year 2007 and earlier that are contained in this annual report are restated in constant pesos as of December 31, 2007, except where otherwise indicated. As of January 1, 2008, our financial information will be presented in nominal pesos in accordance with Mexican FRS. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Accounting Considerations—New Accounting Pronouncements.”
For purposes of this annual report, we consider our “export sales” to be (a) sales of products produced by our Mexican subsidiaries to third parties outside Mexico and to our foreign subsidiaries that do not act as our distributors and (b) sales of products by our foreign distributor subsidiaries. For purposes of determining the amount of our export sales to be disclosed, we consider sales to be made at the time of sale to third parties outside Mexico and to our foreign subsidiaries that do not act as our distributors (principally Vitro America, Inc., which we refer to as “Vitro America”), and at the time of sale of the product by our foreign subsidiaries that act as our distributors (principally Vitro Packaging, Inc., which we refer to as “Vitro Packaging”) to third parties outside Mexico.
Under Mexican corporate law, ordinary shares of our Series “A” common stock held by our Stock Option Trust (17,464,614 shares as of April 17, 2008) are considered issued and outstanding and therefore are entitled to receive dividends and vote on matters on which our other shares are entitled to vote. However, for accounting purposes, our ordinary shares held by our Stock Option Trust are considered treasury stock and therefore not outstanding. Thus, for purposes of calculating net income (loss) from continuing operations per share, net income (loss) from discontinued operations per share, the cumulative effect of change in accounting principles per share and diluted and basic net income (loss) per share, as well as for purposes of determining shareholders’ equity, we considered our ordinary shares held by our Stock Option Trust as treasury stock and not outstanding. As of April 17, 2008, 47,541,076 ordinary shares were held by our Pension Plan Trust. Those ordinary shares are treated as outstanding for all purposes.
We use the term “joint venture” to refer to companies which are not our wholly-owned subsidiaries and in which we, directly or indirectly, either have management control or share management control with other parties. We believe that our use of the term “joint venture” is consistent with international business practices. However, our “joint ventures” are not necessarily “Joint Ventures” as defined in International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).
Certain amounts included in this annual report may not sum due to rounding.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies.
These forward-looking statements are identified by our use of terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “goals,” “target,” “strategy” and similar terms and phrases, and may include references to assumptions. These statements are contained in the sections entitled “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors”, “Item 4. Information on the Company”, and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and other sections of this annual report.
These forward-looking statements reflect our best assessment at the time and thus involve uncertainty and risk. Therefore, these forward-looking statements are qualified by reference to the cautionary statements set forth in this annual report. It is possible that our future financial performance may differ materially from our expectations because of a variety of factors, some of which include, without limitation, the following:
   
cost and availability of energy;
 
   
transportation costs and availability;
 
   
consolidation among competitors and customers;
 
   
the general political, economic and competitive conditions in markets and countries where we have operations, including competitive pricing pressures, inflation or deflation and changes in tax rates;
 
   
foreign currency exchange fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar against the Mexican peso;
 
   
changes in capital availability or cost, including interest rate or foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
 
   
liquidity, debt repayment and access to credit;
 
   
fluctuations in the price of raw materials and labor costs;
 
   
capacity utilization of our facilities;
 
   
availability of raw materials;
 
   
the ability to integrate operations of acquired businesses;
 
   
consumer preferences for forms of packaging that are alternatives to glass containers;
 
   
the ability to hire and retain experienced management;
 
   
the performance by customers of their obligations under purchase agreements;
 
   
lifting of trade barriers and enforcement of measures against unfair trade practices;
 
   
the enactment of stricter environmental laws; and
 
   
the timing and occurrence of events which are beyond our control.
Any forward-looking statements in this annual report are based on certain assumptions and analysis made by us in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the current circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from expectations. You are therefore cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. While we continually review trends and uncertainties affecting our results of operations and financial position, we do not intend to update any particular forward-looking statements contained in this document.

 

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Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable
Item 3. Key Information
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
New Perspectives
Strategic Focus
Commencing in 2001, we began a corporate restructuring and recapitalization program to strengthen our financial condition and improve our operating results. The program focused on the sale of our non-core assets and other assets not aligned with the long-term strategy of our core businesses, Glass Containers and Flat Glass, and stronger financial results from our core business units.
From 2001 through 2006, we sold our equity interests in a number of non-core businesses, including the sale of Vitrocrisa, and our interests in real estate parcels, generating aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $560 million. These transactions provided a source of cash that was used primarily to reduce our level of debt.
Over the past 5 years, we also improved the profitability of our core business units, and from 2003 to 2007, our operating income increased from Ps. 1,977 million ($182 million) to Ps. 2,704 million ($249 million), an increase of 37%.
In addition, in October 2006, we completed a rights offering of our common stock, which further strengthened our balance sheet by increasing the variable portion of our common stock by Ps. 550 million (nominal) ($50 million).
Debt Refinancing
In February 2007, based upon the success of implementing our strategic program, we completed the sale of $1.0 billion senior notes, comprised of $300 million 8.625% Senior Notes due 2012 (the “2012 Senior Notes”) and $700 million 9.125% Senior Notes due 2017 (the “2017 Senior Notes”). In our Senior Notes offering, we achieved more favorable terms and conditions in our overall debt, including lengthening the average maturity of our debt and reducing interest rates, which lowered our cost of capital, improved cash flows and established a path for solid growth of our businesses. Substantially all of the net proceeds from the offering were used to refinance our outstanding short-term indebtedness and substantially all of our long-term debt, other than our 11.75% Senior Notes due 2013 (the “2013 Senior Notes”). As a result of this transaction, as of December 31, 2006, Ps. 4,378 million ($403 million) of short-term borrowings and current maturities were reclassified as long-term debt and the average life of our indebtedness was extended from 3.3 years to 7.9 years.
Strategic Growth
Starting in 2006, we sought to expand our businesses by increasing our production capacity and by completing small growth opportunities. Our capital expenditures in 2006 were Ps. 1,252 million ($115 million), which we further increased in 2007 to Ps. 2,695 million ($248 million). These capital expenditures were used primarily for deferred maintenance and improvements of our major furnaces as well as for expansion of our capacity to satisfy organic growth from the increased volume of demand for our Glass Containers products.
From 2006 to May 2008, we completed a number of small acquisitions, for approximately Ps. 550 million ($51 million), most significantly, Vipasa in Central America, the minority interests in Vitro Flex and Vitro AFG from our former joint venture partners, a 55% equity interest in PVA, and a business in France through our subsidiary Vitro Cristalglass S.L. (“Vitro Cristalglass”).

 

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Genesis Project
We are still in the process of transforming our management, operational and reporting processes through the implementation of an enterprise wide process model, which we refer to as the Genesis Project. The objective of the Genesis Project is to transform Vitro’s global operating model to a results-oriented, client-focused model.
As part of the Genesis Project, we are implementing a fully integrated enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system using software from SAP AG, or (“SAP”).
We believe the main strategic benefits of the Genesis Project will be to:
   
Standardize and optimize our operating and administrative processes,
 
   
Facilitate the integration of our operations globally,
 
   
Improve and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements regarding effective internal control over financial reporting,
 
   
Standardize management and operational information across our subsidiaries in Mexico and abroad, enhancing also its availability for decision making at all levels of the Vitro organization,
 
   
Establish, integrate and apply best practices standards in our operations, and
 
   
Continue our strategy of pursuing consistent and integrated growth globally.
As part of this project we are implementing a shared service center in Monterrey, Mexico, which we believe will allow us to centralize certain standard operations of our businesses and realize cost savings through economies of scale by the standardization of similar processes within our businesses. With this shared service center we believe we can accomplish or surpass the expectations of internal and external customers in a timely manner and improve the services we have provided in the past.
The Genesis Project, which started in 2006, is being implemented throughout all the Company’s businesses and will be completed in two phases. Through the end of 2007, we have invested approximately Ps. 423 million ($39 million) in this project.
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Genesis Project” for a detail of the costs of implementing this Project.

 

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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as all of the other information presented in this annual report, including our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. In general, investing in the securities of issuers in emerging market countries such as Mexico involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies.
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks and uncertainties affecting us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not know about or that we currently think are immaterial also may impair our business operations or our ability to make payments under our existing indebtedness.
For purposes of this section, when we state that a risk, uncertainty or problem may, could or would have an “adverse effect” on us, we mean that the risk, uncertainty or problem may, could or would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or prospects, except as otherwise indicated or as the context may otherwise require.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO US
We have high interest payment requirements.
On February 1, 2007, we completed a major refinancing program by virtue of which we refinanced substantially all of our indebtedness under improved terms and conditions. See “Item 3. Key Information— Recent Developments—New Perspectives” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Transactions.” Although the refinancing program reduced our interest expense and extended our debt maturities, we continue to have high interest payment requirements. As of December 31, 2007, our total consolidated indebtedness was Ps. 14,918 million ($1,373 million) and our consolidated off-balance sheet financings, related to our receivable securitization and sale of receivable transactions, were Ps. 1,509 million ($139 million). Our interest expense on debt for the year ended December 31, 2007 was Ps. 1,696 million ($156 million), while our operating income was Ps. 2,704 million ($249 million). After the refinancing program, our average interest rate was reduced.
Our ability to make scheduled interest payments when due depends on, and is subject to, several factors, including our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors.
The amount of our interest payment requirements could adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including but not limited to, the following:
   
we may have less cash available to expand and improve our business, since we are required to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of interest on our debt;
 
   
our ability to obtain additional debt financing may be limited and the terms on which such financing is obtained may be negatively affected; and
 
   
our ability to compete effectively against better-capitalized competitors and to withstand downturns in our business may be affected since a significant portion of our cash flow from operations is required to be dedicated to making interest payments. As a result, we may lose market share and experience lower sales, which, in turn, could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Our indentures contain certain restrictive covenants.
Our current indentures that govern the terms of our indebtedness contain certain restrictive covenants that are customary for similar indebtedness. Such covenants include restrictions on our ability to (i) incur additional indebtedness unless, at the time of incurrence, we satisfy certain conditions, (ii) pay dividends above a certain permitted amount or make other restricted payments, (iii) grant certain liens on our assets, (iv) make certain investments, and (v) take part in certain merger, consolidation, and asset sale transactions.

 

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As of December 31, 2007, under the covenants of our current indentures, we are prohibited from incurring additional debt (other than certain permitted exceptions) and from making certain investments (other than certain permitted investments).
The restrictions in our indentures could limit our flexibility to adjust to changes in our business and the industries in which we operate and/or limit our ability to fund future operations, acquisitions or meet extraordinary capital needs.
We have to pay interest and principal on our dollar-denominated debt with revenues generated in pesos or other currencies, as we do not generate sufficient revenue in dollars from our operations.
As of March 31, 2008, 96% of our outstanding debt was denominated in dollars. This debt must be serviced by funds generated from sales by our subsidiaries. We do not generate sufficient revenues in dollars from our operations to service our entire dollar denominated debt. Consequently, we have to use revenues generated in pesos or other currencies to service our dollar denominated debt. A devaluation of the peso against the dollar could adversely affect our ability to service our debt.
As of March 31, 2008, we have entered into swap arrangements under which all interest payments, until 2012, on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a variable peso rate and interest payments on another $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a fixed peso rate. In the ordinary course of business, we also enter into currency swap and option agreements to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variations.
We cannot assure that in the future these instruments will be available on favorable terms to us, if at all, to fully hedge our exposure. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We have experienced rising operating costs in our businesses.
Some of the components of our cost of goods sold are subject to market price variations. For instance, our total energy cost represented 15% of our consolidated cost of goods sold in 2007. Such cost is directly linked to the price of natural gas which has experienced significant increases in recent years due to, among other things, the effects of hurricanes in the production area of the Gulf of Mexico. NYMEX natural gas prices have increased from an average price of $3.22 per million British Thermal Units (“MMBTU”), during 2003 to an average price of $7.12 per MMBTU during 2007, representing an increase of 120%. Since the price of natural gas in Mexico is tied to the price of natural gas in Southern Texas, which in turn is fully exposed to market factors such as demand in the United States or the amount of available natural gas reserves, we are exposed to such price variations. Other potential sources of significant variations in our costs are packaging and freight costs.
Our cost of goods sold is sensitive to the price of natural gas. Every dollar fluctuation per MMBTU has had an annual impact of approximately $20 million on our cost of goods sold based on our average historical consumption of approximately 1.7 million MMBTUs per month. The closing price of natural gas on the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) as of June 23, 2008 was $13.20 per MMBTU. We have not been able to raise the prices of our products to fully reflect the increases in our operating costs and therefore our results of operations could be adversely affected by continued high prices of natural gas.
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into forwards and other derivatives agreements to hedge our exposure to natural gas price variations. However, we cannot assure you that these instruments will be available on favorable terms to us, if at all, to fully hedge our exposure to such variations. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
We continue to experience competition from our global competitors and vertically integrated customers.
Historically, aggressive investment by our global competitors such as Compagnie de Saint Gobain (“Saint Gobain”) and Guardian Industries Corporation (“Guardian”), and vertically integrated customers with glass manufacturing facilities in Mexico, coupled with the increased imports of low-cost competitive products into several of our important markets, has resulted in an increase in capacity that has brought significant pricing pressure on our products, particularly in our Flat Glass construction market where the industry is faced with over-capacity. Similarly, our competitors may make new investments in Mexico in the glass containers market. Loss of existing or future market share to competitors or customers in any of our business units may adversely affect our performance and, to the extent that one or more of our competitors becomes more successful than us with respect to any key competitive factor, our results of operations, financial position and liquidity may be adversely affected.

 

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Difficult market conditions in the automotive industry may affect our operating margins and results of operations.
The North American automotive industry continues to face difficult market conditions. North American automobile manufacturers have experienced slower demand and increased pricing pressures on their products. These difficult market conditions in the automotive industry may continue to lead to additional pricing pressure on our products and may lead to loss of sales volume, either of which may have an adverse effect on us. In addition, the automotive industry has experienced pressures due to increased oil prices which could decrease of our original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) business sales, as the U.S. demand in the automobile sector has declined.
Certain of our flat glass products sold to OEMs in the automotive industry are sold under global purchase agreements, which are entered into after completion of a bidding process. Such automotive OEMs have significant buying power which, coupled with substantial competition, puts pressure on prices and margins relating to products supplied under the global purchase agreements. As a result, even if we were awarded the right to sell to an automotive OEM under a global purchase agreement, we may sell at operating margins that are lower than margins generally achievable from sales to other flat glass customers. The automotive OEM business line represented 8% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 9% for the year ended December 31, 2007.
We have customers that are significant to us and the loss of all or a portion of their business would have an adverse effect on us.
Because of the relative importance of our largest customers, our business is exposed to a certain degree of risk related to customer concentration. Although no single customer accounted for more than 8% of our consolidated net sales in 2007, we have customers that are significant to our business units. Our three largest customers, who serve different markets, accounted for an aggregate of 14% of our consolidated net sales in 2007. Given that our profitability depends on our maintenance of a high capacity utilization rate, the loss of all or a portion of the sales volume from a significant customer would have an adverse effect on us. Among our most significant customers are automotive OEMs and beer and soft-drink bottlers. One of our main customers has vertically integrated operations and therefore, a capacity increase in its glass production could adversely affect our results of operations.
Downturns in the economies in which we operate may negatively affect the demand for our products and our results of operations.
Demand for our flat glass and glass containers products is affected by general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate, principally Mexico, the United States and Europe. As a result, demand for our products and, consequently, our results of operations have been and may be negatively affected by the downturn in the economies in which we operate.
A downturn in the Mexican economy, from which we derived 43% and 44% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, would reduce the demand for our products and negatively impact our results of operations. Similarly, a prolonged economic downturn in the United States, from which we derived 43% and 37% of our consolidated net sales in 2006 and 2007, respectively, would have an adverse impact on the export and foreign subsidiary sales of our Flat Glass and Glass Containers business units. Furthermore, in recent years, economic conditions in Mexico have become increasingly correlated to economic conditions in the United States. Therefore, adverse economic conditions in the United States could have a significant adverse effect on the Mexican economy. Also, in the past, economic crises in Asia, Russia, Brazil, Argentina and other countries have adversely affected the Mexican economy and therefore our results of operations.
Economic downturns in Mexico and the United States may also subject us to increased foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks and impair our results of operations and our ability to raise capital or service our debt.

 

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Inflation fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our total comprehensive financing result.
Our total comprehensive financing results includes net interest expense, the net effect of inflation on our monetary assets and liabilities (which, as discussed below, applies only for inflationary environments beginning on January 1, 2008 according to the new Mexican FRS B-10, “Effects of Inflation”), the net effect of changes in nominal foreign currency exchange rates on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and gains or losses related to some of our derivative transactions.
Inflation has historically affected our total comprehensive financing result. During periods of inflation, the principal amount of our monetary debt will generally be reduced in real terms by the rate of inflation. The amount of such reduction will result in a gain from monetary position. This gain is offset by the reduction in real terms in the value of the monetary assets we held during such period. Historically, our monetary liabilities have exceeded our monetary assets and, thus, we have tended to experience monetary gains during periods of inflation. Declining levels of inflation in recent years have resulted in lower monetary gains.
The new Mexican FRS B-10, which became effective for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2008, provides that, in non-inflationary environments (when cumulative inflation of the three preceding years is less than 26%), no inflationary effects should be recognized in a company’s financial statements. Given the cumulative inflation in Mexico for the three years ended December 31, 2007, the Mexican economic environment will not qualify as inflationary in 2008, thereby eliminating inflationary accounting in our consolidated financial statements. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Trend Information—Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations” and “—New Accounting Pronouncements”.
Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our total comprehensive financial result.
Our total comprehensive financing result is impacted by changes in the nominal value of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency exchange gains or losses included in our total financing cost result primarily from the impact of nominal changes in the U.S. dollar-peso exchange rate on our Mexican subsidiaries’ U.S. dollar-denominated monetary liabilities (such as U.S. dollar-denominated debt and accounts payable arising from imports of raw materials and equipment) and assets (such as U.S. dollar-denominated cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable). Because our U.S. dollar-denominated monetary liabilities have historically been significantly in excess of our U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets, the nominal devaluation or appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar has historically resulted in foreign currency exchange losses and gains, respectively. Accordingly, in 2003, 2006 and 2007, the nominal devaluation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar during the year resulted in foreign currency exchange losses. The nominal appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar resulted in a foreign currency exchange gain in 2004 and 2005. In May 2004, with the unwinding of certain currency exchange swaps we recorded a net exchange loss.
As of March 31, 2008, we have entered into swap arrangements under which all interest payments, until 2012, on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a variable peso rate and interest payments on another $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a fixed peso rate. In the ordinary course of business, we also enter into currency swap and option agreements to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variations.
We cannot assure you that these instruments or other currency swap and option agreements will be available at favorable terms to us, if at all, to fully hedge our exposure. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Changes in the value of the peso to the U.S. dollar and the Euro may have an adverse effect on us.
Changes in the value of the peso to the U.S. dollar have an effect on our results of operations. In general, as described more fully in the following paragraphs, a real devaluation of the peso will likely result in an increase of our operating margins and a real appreciation of the peso will likely result in a decrease in our operating margins, in each case, when measured in pesos. This is so because the aggregate amount of our consolidated net sales denominated in or linked to U.S. dollars exceeds the aggregate amount of our costs of goods sold and our general, administrative and selling expenses denominated in or linked to U.S. dollars.

 

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A substantial portion of the sales generated by our Mexican and U.S. subsidiaries are either denominated in or linked to the value of the U.S. dollar. The prices of a significant number of the products we sell in Mexico, in particular those of flat glass for automotive uses, capital goods and packaging products are linked to the U.S. dollar. In addition, substantially all of our export sales are invoiced in U.S. dollars and subsequently translated into pesos using the exchange rate in effect at the time of the transaction.
Further, a strong peso relative to the U.S. dollar makes the Mexican market more attractive for importers and competitors that might not otherwise sell in the Mexican market. A strong peso relative to the U.S. dollar also makes those of our products whose prices are denominated in or are linked to the value of the U.S. dollar less competitive or profitable. When the peso appreciates in real terms, with respect to such products, we must either increase our prices in U.S. dollars, which make our products less price-competitive, or bear reduced operating margins when measured in pesos. Given the competitive nature of the industries in which we operate, in the past we have had to reduce our operating margins for such products in response to appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar.
The sales generated by our Spanish subsidiary in our European operations are either denominated in or linked to the value of the Euro, while its cost of goods sold is denominated in or linked to U.S. dollars. Changes in the value of the U.S. dollar to the Euro may have an adverse effect on us in a similar fashion to those described with respect to the value of the peso above.
We may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates.
Interest rate risk exists primarily with respect to our floating-rate peso and dollar-denominated debt, which generally bear interest based on the Mexican equilibrium interbank interest rate, which we refer to as the “TIIE,” or the London interbank offered rate, which we refer to as “LIBOR”. If the TIIE or LIBOR rates increase significantly, our ability to service our debt will be adversely affected.
As of December 31, 2007, our floating-rate peso and dollar-denominated debt amounted to Ps. 366 million and $34 million. As of March 31, 2008, we entered into swap arrangements under which all interest payments, until 2012, on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a variable peso rate.
We cannot assure you that these instruments will continue to be favorable to us or if other instruments will be available at favorable terms to us, if at all, to fully hedge our exposure. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
The costs of complying with environmental protection and health and safety laws, and any liabilities arising thereunder, may increase and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
We are subject to various environmental protection, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, use, remediation, disposal and transportation of hazardous materials, the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the ground, air or water, and the health and safety of our employees.
We are also required to obtain permits from governmental authorities for certain operations. We cannot assure you that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws, regulations and permits. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. We could also be held liable for any and all consequences arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances or other environmental damage.
Since 1998, we have been participating in a voluntary audit program at our Mexican facilities. As a result of audits by and implementation of certain measures suggested by the Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente (“PROFEPA”), action plans are entered into, and costs are incurred, to make environmental investments and improvements required for PROFEPA Clean Industry certification.

 

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Environmental laws are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. While we have budgeted for future capital and operating expenditures to maintain compliance with environmental laws, we cannot assure you that environmental laws will not change or become more stringent in the future. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our costs of complying with current and future environmental, health and safety laws, and our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances will not adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flow or financial condition. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Environmental Matters.”
Substitution trends in the glass container industry may continue to adversely affect our business.
Glass containers have been, and continue to be, subject to competition from alternate forms of packaging, including plastic containers, aluminum cans and laminated paper containers. In mature glass containers markets, such as in the United States, demand for glass containers began a sustained long-term decline in the 1970s (although such decline has substantially diminished in recent years). In connection with such decline, the glass containers industry experienced a reduction in capacity and consolidation among glass container producers. The remaining glass containers producers in mature markets have faced, and may continue to face, pricing pressures as a result of competition from other forms of packaging. Mexico is becoming a mature market, with increased competition from alternate forms of packaging, particularly plastic, aluminum cans and laminated paper containers. Such products have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our prices and operating margins, principally with respect to glass containers for the beer, soft drinks and food industries. Our Glass Containers business unit represented 51% of our consolidated net sales in 2007.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
We are focused on improving and maintaining an effective internal control structure. During 2005, 2006 and 2007 we implemented new controls and procedures related to the preparation, review and presentation of our financial information. These measures include the following modifications to our internal controls:
   
reinforcement of personnel knowledge base regarding technical accounting matters;
 
   
hiring a professional service firm to assist our accounting staff with the implementation of superior processes and new internal controls; and
 
   
Genesis Project implementation, including the ERP conversion, across Vitro’s global operating model. See “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—Genesis Project” and “Item 15. Controls and Procedures”.
There can be no assurance that the implementation of our new internal controls, including the ERP, will be completed without unforeseen challenges or significant additional expenditures. In addition, any unremediated internal control deficiencies may reduce our ability to provide accurate financial information to our investors.

 

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We have a disagreement with our partner in our Flat Glass business unit about the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico, which may affect the value of the guaranty of the 2012 Senior Notes, 2017 Senior Notes, and 2013 Senior Notes by our Flat Glass business unit.
On December 11, 2006 the shareholders of Vitro Plan concluded the extraordinary meeting upon a second call to approve the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico. Viméxico, a subsidiary of Vitro, held a $135 million loan receivable from Vitro Plan. At the meeting, resolutions were adopted approving (a) the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico based on financial information as of October 31, 2006, with Viméxico as the surviving entity, and (b) the cancellation upon delivery of existing Vitro Plan stock certificates in exchange for Viméxico stock certificates, using a ratio of 7.19319816 shares of Viméxico common stock per share of Vitro Plan common stock.
Prior to the merger, Vitro Plan was a direct 65%-owned subsidiary of Vitro, and the company through which Vitro conducted its Flat Glass business. As a result of the merger, Viméxico is a direct 91.8%-owned subsidiary of Vitro. Prior to the merger, Pilkington Plc, which we refer to as “Pilkington”, owned a 35% equity interest in Vitro Plan and, as a result of the merger, owns an 8.2% equity interest in Viméxico. Pilkington voted against the adoption of the shareholder resolutions approving the merger. Under the merger, the outstanding $135 million intercompany indebtedness owed by Vitro Plan was cancelled, reducing the debt of Viméxico, as the surviving party to the merger to a level that could more readily be supported by its cash flow from operations.
On January 16, 2007, Pilkington commenced litigation, challenging and opposing, among other claims, the resolutions adopted at the December 11, 2006 extraordinary meeting approving the merger. On February 28, 2008, the court denied all of Pilkington’s claims and declared the merger valid. Pilkington has filed an appeal of this decision which on June 26, 2008 was resolved by the Appeals Court confirming the denial of all claims by Pilkington and ratifying in all aspects the decision issued by the lower court, including, as a consequence, the validity of the Merger and the obligation to pay litigation costs and attorney’s fees. However, Pilkington still has on last opportunity to challenge such rulings through an “Amparo” procedure (which is a constitutional challenge held before a federal court).
Additionally, on December 6, 2007, Pilkington commenced another litigation, alleging, among other claims, that the December 11, 2006 extraordinary meeting was invalid and, therefore, the resolutions adopted at such meeting and the merger agreement are invalid. This litigation is at an early stage and we do not expect any decision by the courts during 2008.
In the event these proceedings ultimately result in the merger being declared not effective, the guarantee by Viméxico of the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes and the 2013 Senior Notes, could not include any of the assets owned by Vitro Plan. It is also possible that such determination could include a determination that the guarantees provided by the subsidiaries of Vitro Plan are also ineffective. Vitro believes, based on the advice of Rivera, Gaxiola y Asociados, S.C., our Mexican special litigation counsel, that the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico complied with all applicable legal requirements, specifically the by-laws of Vitro Plan and the Mexican General Law of Mercantile Corporations and, as a result, that the risk that the merger between Vitro Plan and Viméxico is reversed, nullified, voided or set aside is minimal. Even if the shareholder resolutions approving the merger were to be set aside and the guarantee by Vitro Plan determined to be ineffective, such Mexican special litigation counsel has advised us that it believes that it is likely that substantially all of the guarantees of the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes and the 2013 Senior Notes granted by the subsidiaries of Vitro Plan would nonetheless remain in effect.
If any of the guarantees referred to above were to be determined to be ineffective or avoided, the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes, and the 2013 Senior Notes would be effectively junior to all liabilities of Vitro Plan and any of its subsidiaries whose guarantee was thereby avoided.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO ECONOMIES IN WHICH WE PARTICIPATE
Economic developments in Mexico and the United States affect our business.
The year 2007 was characterized by a slowdown in global economic activity compared to 2006. After three years of solid and generalized growth, the world economy decelerated. Global GDP grew 3.3% in 2007, below the 3.9% growth rate in 2006, according to International Monetary Fund research. The main cause of this economic slowdown is attributed to the United States economy, due to the growth decline from 3.3% in 2006 to 2.2% in 2007. This deceleration is expected to continue in 2008 in the United States mainly due to the weakening of the real estate sector.

 

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The real estate and construction market in the United States is now being seriously affected by the sub-prime mortgage crisis, which is also affecting the economy overall. The growth in housing sales and construction financed by credit played a large role in the economy’s expansion by lifting other sectors of the economy. Losses on subprime mortgages have negatively affected not only the housing and construction markets but other sectors and the availability of credit generally. Increased foreclosures could generate increased inventory on the housing market which could affect our residential and commercial construction sales. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Trend Information.”
In Mexico, GDP growth reached 3.3%, below the 4.7% growth rate in 2006. For 2008 additional economic uncertainties are anticipated due to, among other factors, the economic deceleration in the United States.
Over the past few years, Mexico’s rate of inflation has remained low, amounting to 4.1% in 2006 and 3.8% in 2007.
The majority of our manufacturing facilities are located in Mexico. For each of the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, 41%, 43% and 44%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales resulted from sales to parties located within Mexico. In the past, inflation has led to high interest rates on peso-denominated obligations and devaluations of the peso.
While helping the country to maintain low levels of inflation and a manageable deficit, the Mexican government’s continued fiscal and monetary policy has not provided the flexibility necessary to support Mexico’s economic improvement. As a result, new investment and growth in aggregate purchasing power have been marginal. Several factors could affect the growth of Mexico’s economy and its industrial sector. These factors include the extent of the U.S. economic growth and the participation of Mexico’s industrial sector in such growth; the Mexican government’s approval and implementation of fiscal and other structural reforms such as the evolution of energy prices, particularly natural gas; and the current political environment.
Future economic development in or affecting Mexico or the United States could adversely affect us and our ability to obtain financing.
Developments in other countries may adversely affect our business or the market price of our securities.
The market price of securities of Mexican companies is, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other countries. Although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, investors’ reactions to developments in such countries may have an adverse effect on the market price of securities of Mexican companies, including ours.
If foreign currency exchange controls and restrictions are imposed, we may not be able to service our debt in U.S. dollars, which exposes investors to foreign currency exchange risk.
In the past, the Mexican economy has experienced balance of payments deficits, shortages in foreign currency reserves and other problems that have affected the availability of foreign currencies in Mexico. The Mexican government does not currently restrict or regulate the ability of persons or entities to convert pesos into U.S. dollars. However, it has done so in the past and could do so again in the future. We cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute a restrictive currency exchange control policy in the future. Any such restrictive foreign currency exchange control policy could prevent or restrict access to U.S. dollars and limit our ability to service our U.S. dollar-denominated debt.
Political events in Mexico could affect Mexican economic policy and adversely affect us.
The Mexican government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Mexican economy. Mexican governmental actions concerning the economy could have a significant impact on Mexican private sector entities in general, as well as on market conditions and prices and returns on Mexican securities, including our securities.

 

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The current legislature and Mr. Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, President of Mexico, may bring significant changes in laws, public policies and/or regulations that could adversely affect Mexico’s political and economic situation, which could adversely affect our business. Social and political instability in Mexico or other adverse social or political developments in or affecting Mexico could adversely affect us and our ability to obtain financing. It is also possible that political uncertainty may adversely affect Mexican financial markets.
Mr. Calderon recently presented to the Mexican Congress an energy reform proposal. This energy reform proposal intends to provide PEMEX sufficient administrative and financial autonomy, through several mechanisms, in order to strengthen its financial position and preserve PEMEX’s future operations.
We cannot provide any assurance that future political developments in Mexico, over which we have no control, will not have an unfavorable impact on Mexican private sector entities in general, as well as on market conditions and prices and returns on Mexican securities, including our securities.
Social Instability in Mexico could affect Mexican economic policy and adversely affect us
In 2007, some incidents occurred at certain PEMEX gas pipelines located in Salamanca, Guanajuato and other counties in Veracruz, Mexico. Such incidents disrupted the natural gas supply to companies in Mexico. As a consequence, several companies including us and some of our clients and suppliers suffered a temporary shut-down in operations. The possibility of having similar incidents in the future could adversely affect our business and operations.
Our financial statements may not give you the same information as financial statements prepared under United States accounting principles.
Mexican companies listed on the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, which we refer to as the “Mexican Stock Exchange,” including us, must prepare their financial statements in accordance with Mexican FRS. Mexican FRS differs in certain significant respects from the U.S. GAAP as it relates to our consolidated financial statements, including among others the treatment of minority interests, workers’ profit sharing; accounting for the effects of deferred income taxes and consolidation of subsidiaries. For these and other reasons, the presentation of financial statements and reported earnings prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS may differ materially from the presentation of financial statements and reported earnings prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP.

 

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EXCHANGE RATES
The following table sets forth, for each year in the five year period ended December 31, 2007, the high, low, average and annual period-end Noon Buying Rates, all expressed in pesos per U.S. dollar. No representation is made that the peso or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or pesos, as the case may be, at the rates indicated, at any particular rate or at all.
                                 
    Noon Buying Rate (1)  
Year ended December 31,   High     Low     Average     Period-End  
 
                               
2003
  Ps. 11.41     Ps. 10.11     Ps. 10.80     Ps. 11.24  
2004
    11.64       10.81       11.29       11.15  
2005
    11.41       10.41       10.89       10.63  
2006
    11.46       10.43       10.91       10.80  
2007
    11.27       10.67       10.93       10.92  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York
The following table sets forth, for each month in the six-month period ended on May 31, 2008 and the first 23 days of June, the high and low Noon Buying Rates, all expressed in pesos per U.S. dollar.
                 
    Noon Buying Rate (1)  
    High     Low  
 
               
December 2007
  Ps. 10.92     Ps. 10.80  
January 2008
    10.97       10.82  
February
    10.82       10.67  
March
    10.85       10.63  
April
    10.60       10.44  
May
    10.57       10.31  
June (through June 23, 2008)
    10.44       10.27  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table presents selected consolidated financial information and other data for each of the periods presented. This information and data should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report and the information under the section entitled “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” as it relates to 2005, 2006 and 2007. The years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 are derived from our audited financial statements not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. note 24 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us.
Financial data expressed in pesos and set forth in the following table for each year in the five year period ended December 31, 2007 has been restated in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
                                                 
    As of or for the year ended December 31,  
    2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2007  
    (Ps. millions) (1)     ($ millions) (1)(2)  
Income Statement Data:
                                               
Mexican FRS:
                                               
Net sales
  Ps. 26,521     Ps. 26,385     Ps. 26,567     Ps. 27,876     Ps. 28,591     $ 2,631  
Cost of sales
    18,920       19,109       19,198       20,230       20,187       1,858  
 
                                               
Gross profit
    7,602       7,276       7,369       7,646       8,404       773  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    5,625       5,643       5,530       5,529       5,700       524  
 
                                               
Operating income
    1,977       1,632       1,839       2,117       2,704       249  
Financing result:
                                               
Interest expense, net
    2,025       2,204       2,355       2,155       1,836       169  
Derivative financial instruments
    0       0       17       337       201       18  
Exchange loss (gain), net
    844       90       (417 )     224       94       9  
Gain from monetary position (3)
    (633 )     (776 )     (455 )     (440 )     (471 )     (43 )
Total comprehensive financing result
    2,235       1,518       1,500       2,276       1,660       153  
Other expenses (income), net (4)
    208       279       494       (229 )     869       80  
 
                                               
(Loss) income before income and asset taxes
    (466 )     (165 )     (155 )     70       175       16  
Income and asset tax expense (benefit)
    47       (9 )     (519 )     228       44       4  
 
                                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations before changes in accounting principles
    (513 )     (156 )     364       (158 )     131       12  
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations (5)
    64       97       3       (31 )     0       0  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
    0       0       0       480       0       0  
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles (11)
    0       0       (124 )     0       0       0  
Net income (loss) (5)
    (449 )     (59 )     243       291       131       12  
Net income (loss) of majority interest (5)
    (672 )     (308 )     63       401       (13 )     (1 )
Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share
    (1.86 )     (0.57 )     1.33       (0.54 )     0.38       0.04  
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations per share (5)
    0.23       0.36       0.01       1.55       0       0  
Diluted and basic net income (loss) of majority interest per share (5)
    (2.44 )     (1.13 )     0.23       1.39       (0.04 )     (0.00 )
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP (6)(11) :
                                               
Net sales
  Ps. 23,300     Ps. 23,891     Ps. 24,292     Ps. 25,655     Ps. 26,159     $ 2,407  
Operating income
    1,110       723       831       1,436       2,524       232  
Net income (loss) from continuing operations (5)(11)
    (1,077 )     (873 )     (183 )     (554 )     469       43  
Net income (loss) (5)(11)
    (839 )     (248 )     (287 )     (74 )     469       43  
Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share (5)(11)
    (3.91 )     (3.21 )     (0.66 )     (1.92 )     1.37       0.13  
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations per share (5)(11)
    0.87       2.30       (0.38 )     1.66       0       0  
Diluted and basic net income (loss) per share (5)(11)
    (3.05 )     (0.91 )     (1.04 )     (0.26 )     1.37       0.13  

 

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    As of or for the year ended December 31,  
    2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2007  
    (Ps. millions) (1)     ($ millions) (1)(2)  
Balance Sheet Data:
                                               
Mexican FRS:
                                               
Cash and cash equivalents
    1,146       2,838       1,441       1,222       1,638       151  
Current assets
    9,260       10,704       9,863       9,175       11,136       1,025  
 
Total assets from discontinued operations (5)
    2,585       2,180       2,021       0       0       0  
Total assets
    36,045       34,692       32,937       28,695       32,187       2,962  
Current liabilities
    9,276       8,200       8,675       4,835       7,140       657  
Total debt
    17,658       17,926       15,959       12,826       14,918       1,373  
Total liabilities from discontinued operations (5)
    1,995       1,647       1,398       0       0       0  
Total liabilities
    26,058       25,715       23,704       19,329       22,801       2,098  
Stockholders’ equity (5)
    9.987       8,977       9,234       9,366       9,386       864  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries (5)
    3,360       3,114       3,198       1,892       1,960       180  
Majority stockholders’ equity (5)
    6,627       5,863       6,036       7,474       7,426       684  
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP (5)(11) :
                                               
Total assets
  Ps. 34,541     Ps. 33,736     Ps. 30,579     Ps. 26,097     Ps. 29,985     $ 2,759  
Total liabilities
    25,874       25,895       23,178       19,272       22,923       2,110  
Net assets
    8,667       7,841       7,402       6,826       7,062       650  
Capital stock
    7,566       7,566       7,566       7,632       7,632       702  
Stockholders’ equity
    6,188       5,375       4,913       5,710       5,850       538  
 
                                               
Other Data:
                                               
Mexican FRS:
                                               
Capital expenditures
    1,968       1,505       1,107       1,252       2,695       248  
Depreciation and amortization
    2,035       2,283       1,854       1,795       1,414       130  
Total shares issued at end of period (6)
    324       324       324       386.9       386.9          
Total shares held in Stock Option Trust at end of period (6)
    24.7       22.8       22.3       17.6       17.5          
Total shares held as treasury stock at end of period (6)
    28.2       28.2       28.2       28.3       28.3          
Total shares issued and outstanding at end of period (6)
    271.1       273.1       273.5       341.0       341.0          
Average total shares outstanding during period (6)
    275.2       271.8       273.1       289.6       341.0          
 
                                               
Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Data:
                                               
Percentage of change in INPC (7)
    4.0 %     5.2 %     3.3 %     4.1 %     3.8 %        
Peso/dollar exchange rate at the end of period (8)
    11.2372       11.1495       10.6344       10.8116       10.8662          
Average exchange rate (9)
    10.8251       11.3091       10.8786       10.9034       10.9371          
     
(1)  
Except per share amounts, number of shares and inflation and foreign currency exchange rate data.
 
(2)  
Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the convenience of the reader, at the rate of 10.8662 pesos per one U.S. dollar, the Free Exchange Rate on December 31, 2007.

 

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(3)  
The gain from monetary position reflects the result of holding monetary assets and liabilities during periods of inflation. Values stated in current monetary units decrease in purchasing power over time. This means that losses are incurred by holding monetary assets over time, whereas gains are realized by maintaining monetary liabilities. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”
 
(4)  
Other expenses (income), net, includes:
                                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    (millions)  
    2003     2004     2005     2006     2007  
Restructuring charges (i)
  Ps. 99     Ps. 267     Ps. 332     Ps. 61     Ps. 7  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    143       352       385       393       122  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
    5       10       6       (795 )     47  
Loss (gain) from sale of subsidiaries
    (41 )     (545 )     137       (68 )     11  
Assignment of Vitro Club Trust (ii)
                    (458 )                
Early extinguishment of employee retirement obligations
                    18       8       97  
Fees and costs for extinguishment of debt
                                    488  
Statutory employee profit sharing
    44       129       51       55       54  
Other
    (42 )     66       23       117       43  
 
  Ps. 208     Ps. 279     Ps. 494     Ps. (229 )   Ps. 869  
  (i)  
The restructuring charges relate to the downsizing and streamlining of our corporate functions and organization at some of our business units and are part of an ongoing benefit arrangement.
 
  (ii)  
The Vitro Club holds land and facilities for our employees’ recreational activities, which are held in a trust (the “Trust”). The Trust can only be assigned if all of the participants name one entity as the sole beneficiary. In 2005, all the participants named the Company as the sole beneficiary, and therefore the Company has the right to take control of the Trust. The Company recorded the fair value of the assets and recognized other income of Ps. 458 million.
     
(5)  
On June 16, 2006, we completed the sale of our 51% equity ownership interest in Vitrocrisa to Libbey, the owner of the remaining 49% equity interest. See “Item 4. Information on the Company— Business—Strategic Sales of Non-Core Businesses and Assets.” All financial and operating information relating to Vitrocrisa in this annual report, which was previously presented as one of our reportable segments is now presented as a discontinued operation. In addition, the discussion of our indebtedness in this annual report does not include the indebtedness of Vitrocrisa, which is presented under Mexican FRS in our consolidated balance sheets as a part of “Total liabilities of discontinued operations”.

 

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(6)  
Millions of shares.
 
(7)  
Calculated using year-end INPC of the most recent year divided by the year-end INPC of the previous year.
 
(8)  
Based on the Free Exchange Rate at the end of the period.
 
(9)  
Calculated using the average of Free Exchange Rates on the last day of each month during the period.
 
(10)  
Effective January 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, which requires that all derivative instruments be recognized at fair value, sets the rules to recognize hedging activities and requires separation, if practical, of embedded derivative instruments. Through December 31, 2004, according to prior accounting standards (Bulletin C-2, “Financial Instruments”), the Company did not recognize the effect of hedging derivatives under financial expenses until the flow exchanges mentioned in the swap contract were actually executed. The effect of adopting Bulletin C-10 was a charge to cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles of Ps. 124 million, net of tax.
 
(11)  
Certain of our subsidiaries have been classified as discontinued operations in our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial information as they meet the definition of held for sale for U.S. GAAP purposes. These subsidiaries did not meet the definition of discontinued operations for Mexican FRS purposes as they do not constitute the sale of a significant portion of our business. See note 24 k to our consolidated financial statements for a description of those subsidiaries.

 

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Dividends per Share
The following table sets forth, for each year in the five year period ended December 31, 2007, the dividends and dividends per share Vitro declared and paid with respect to such year, expressed in pesos and U.S. dollars. All peso amounts contained in the table below are stated in nominal pesos.
                                 
Fiscal Year With                          
Respect to Which                          
Dividend Was   Month Dividend   Total Dividend     Dividends per     Dividend per     Month Dividend
Declared   Was Declared   Amount (1)     Share     Share (2)     Was Paid
        (Ps. millions)     (Pesos)     (Dollars)      
2003
  March 2004     89       0.30       0.0267     April 2004
2004
  March 2005     90       0.30       0.0268     April 2005
2005
  April 2006     89       0.30       0.0270     May 2006
2006
  March 2007     133       0.37       0.0334     April 2007
2007
  April 2008     143       0.40       0.0372     May 2008
 
     
(1)  
Under Mexican corporate law, our shares held by the Stock Option Trust are considered issued and outstanding and therefore are entitled to receive dividends.
 
(2)  
For purposes of calculating the dividends paid in U.S. dollars per share, we divided the dividends paid in Mexican peso per share by the Free Exchange Rate as of the date on which such dividend was declared.

 

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Item 4. Information on the Company
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The following chart presents the organizational structure of our business units, our principal subsidiaries and our direct or indirect percentage equity ownership in such subsidiaries as of June 23, 2008.
(FLOW CHART)

 

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BUSINESS
Business Overview
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. is a corporation with variable capital ( sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable ) organized under the laws of Mexico and is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through subsidiaries. We were incorporated in Mexico in 1909 and, based on our consolidated net sales in 2007, we believe that we are the largest manufacturer of glass containers and flat glass in Mexico. Our principal executive offices are located at Ave. Ricardo Margáin 400, Col. Valle del Campestre, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, 66265 Mexico, telephone number (52-81) 8863-1200. Our agent for service of process, exclusively for actions brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the “SEC,” pursuant to the requirements of the U.S. federal securities laws, is CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10011.
Our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled Ps. 28,591 million ($2,631 million). In 2007, 44% and 37% of our consolidated net sales were sales made in Mexico and the United States, respectively. Our operations are organized into two operating business units: the Glass Containers business unit (representing approximately 51% of our consolidated net sales in 2007) and the Flat Glass business unit (representing approximately 48% of our consolidated net sales in 2007).
As of December 31, 2007, our total assets were Ps. 32,187 million ($2,962 million). We have manufacturing facilities in ten countries, distribution centers throughout the Americas and Europe and export our products to over 50 countries.
Our Glass Containers business unit manufactures and distributes glass containers for the soft drink, beer, food, liquor and wine, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, as well as raw materials, machinery and molds for the glass industry, and, based on its net sales of Ps. 14,676 million ($1,351 million) in 2007, we believe the Glass Containers business unit is the largest glass container producer in Mexico and Central America and among the largest in the world. The principal operating subsidiaries of the Glass Containers business unit are: (i) Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V. (Covisa), which conducts a substantial majority of our glass containers operations in Mexico, (ii) Comegua, our joint venture with London Overseas and Golden Beer which, based on Comegua’s net sales of Ps. 2,127 million ($196 million) in 2007, we believe is the largest glass containers producer in Central America (London Overseas and Golden Beer each hold 25.15% of Comegua’s outstanding shares), (iii) Vitro Packaging, our glass containers distribution subsidiary in the United States, (iv) Vidrio Lux, S.A. (Vilux), which is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of glass containers in Bolivia and neighboring countries, (v) Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V. (Alcali), which is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and salt, the main raw materials used in the manufacturing of glass containers and (vi) Fabricación de Máquinas, S.A. de C.V. (Fama), which is engaged in the manufacturing of capital goods such as glass forming machines and molds.
Our Flat Glass business unit focuses on the manufacturing, processing and distribution of flat glass for the construction and the automotive industry. Based on the Flat Glass business unit’s net sales of Ps. 13,605 million ($1,252 million) in 2007, we believe the business unit is the largest flat glass producer in Mexico, the second largest in Latin America, one of the largest distributors of flat glass products in the United States and a leading provider of insulated flat glass products in Spain and Portugal.
The principal operating subsidiaries of our Flat Glass business unit are: (i) Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V. and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V which manufacture and distribute our raw (float) flat glass products for the Mexican construction industry and to automotive safety glass manufacturers as raw material, (ii) Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V. (VAU), and Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V., which manufacture our flat glass products for the Mexican and the United States automotive industry, for the Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”), and for the Automotive Glass Replacement (“AGR”) markets, (iii) Vitrocar, S.A. de C.V. and Cristales Automotrices, S.A. de C.V., our joint venture with a group of individual investors that own a 49% interest in this entity, which conduct our automotive replacement glass installation business throughout Mexico, (iv) Vitro America, which conducts a substantial majority of our flat glass operations in the United States, (v) Vitro Cristalglass S.L., our joint venture with a group of individual investors that own a 40% interest in this entity which is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of flat glass products for the Spanish, French and Portuguese construction industry,

 

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(vi) Vitro Chaves Industria de Vidrio, S.A. (Vitro Chaves), a joint venture of Vitro Cristalglass with a group of individual investors that own a 40% interest in this entity which is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of flat glass products for the Portuguese construction industry, (vii) Vitro Cristalglass France SAS, a Vitro Cristalglass subsidiary, which is engaged in the production and distribution of value-added glass products in the French residential and commercial construction market, and (viii) Vitro Colombia, S.A., which conducts our Colombian flat glass operations and is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of flat glass products for the automotive and construction market.
Acquisitions
In April 2008 the Company, through its subsidiary Vitro Cristalglass, completed the acquisition of the operations of Verres et Glaces d’Epinay, a Paris-based value-added flat glass company, for an equivalent of Ps. 41 million ($4 million). This acquisition is in line with the Company’s strategic plan to broaden its geographic coverage in Europe and strengthen its position in the value-added products and services market. The new operations have been incorporated into our subsidiary Vitro Cristalglass France, which is now engaged in the production and distribution of value-added glass products to the French residential and commercial construction market.
In August 2007, Vidrio y Cristal acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of PVA, a company engaged in the installation of value-added glass products; for an equivalent of Ps. 110 million ($10 million).
In July 2007, Viméxico exercised its option to acquire the other 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG (now Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.) from its joint venture partner AFG for Ps. 67 million ($6 million) in cash. This company’s primary operations are the manufacture, processing and distribution of flat glass.
In April 2006, our subsidiary Comegua acquired Vipasa, a glass container company located in Panama for Ps. 218 million ($20 million). We believe Vipasa is the largest glass container manufacturer for the beverage, liquor, food and pharmaceutical industries in Panama with a dominant market share and exports to more than 10 countries in the Americas.
In September 2006, Viméxico, Vitro’s flat glass division, and Visteon ended their joint venture agreement in Vitro Flex through a reimbursement and cancellation of Visteon’s capital investment. Viméxico is now the sole owner of Vitro Flex. Vitro Flex primarily manufactures tempered and laminated glass for use in Ford vehicles. Fairlane Holdings (a Visteon affiliate) received Ps. 109 million ($10 million) for its 38% stake in Vitro Flex. An initial payment of $2 million was made in September 2006, which is being followed by four annual payments of $1.85 million, which started in September 2007. The transaction is being funded by Vitro Flex with cash from operations. Vitro Flex together with VAU, now directly manages its relationship with Ford and serves all of Vitro’s automotive customers. Under the prior structure, contractual restrictions limited Vitro Flex’s ability to use excess capacity for non Ford volumes.
Strategic Sales of Non-Core Businesses and Assets
Commencing in 2001, we began a corporate restructuring and recapitalization program focused primarily on the sale of non-productive assets and assets no longer integral to the long-term strategy of our business, with the aim of reducing our overall debt levels. During the period from 2001 through 2006, we concentrated our divestiture efforts on rightsizing our two core businesses, Glass Containers and Flat Glass.
In June 2006, we completed the sale of our 51% ownership interest in Vitrocrisa to Libbey, the owner of the remaining 49% equity interest. We received proceeds of $119 million from this divestiture, comprised of $80 million in cash from the sale of our equity interest, $28 million from the payment of intercompany receivables and $11 million from the repayment of intercompany debt. As a part of this transaction, all of the liabilities of Vitrocrisa were assumed by Libbey, including bank debt of $62 million as of May 31, 2006.

 

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In March 2006, we sold our 51% interest in Química M, our subsidiary engaged in the manufacture and distribution of polyvinyl butyral, which is an inner layer of plastic film used in the manufacture of clear and shaded windshields, to Solutia Inc., the other shareholder in Química M, for $20 million in cash.
In April 2005, we sold our 100% interest in Plásticos Bosco, S.A. de C.V. (“Bosco”), which consisted of two subsidiaries engaged in the manufacture and distribution of plastic tubes and disposable thermofoldware and industrial products, to Grupo Convermex, S.A. de C.V., for Ps. 107 million ($10 million) in cash. In 2004, Bosco had consolidated net sales of Ps. 471 million ($43 million) and a consolidated operating loss of Ps. 9 million ($1 million). The consolidated net sales and operating loss of Bosco were Ps. 112 million ($10 million) and Ps. 7 million ($0.6 million), respectively, during the period from January 1, 2005, to April 1, 2005. We recorded a loss upon the sale of Bosco of Ps. 137 million ($13 million).
In September 2004, we sold our 50% interest in Vancan, S.A. de C.V. (“Vancan”), our joint venture with Rexam, Inc. engaged in the manufacture and distribution of aluminum containers, to Rexam, Inc. for $22.6 million in cash after certain price adjustments. In 2003, our 50% interest in Vancan had consolidated net sales of Ps. 473 million ($43 million) and a consolidated operating income of Ps. 54 million ($5 million). The consolidated net sales and operating income of our 50% interest in Vancan were Ps. 348 million ($32 million) and Ps. 35 million ($3 million), respectively, during the period from January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2004.
In April 2004, we sold our 60% interest in Vitro OCF, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro OCF”), our joint venture with Owens Corning engaged in the manufacture and distribution of fiberglass and fiberglass products, to Owens Corning for $71.5 million in cash. Pursuant to the terms of the sale, we paid Vitro OCF’s and its subsidiaries’ bank debt (which was reflected on our consolidated balance sheet) of $22 million immediately prior to the sale. The consolidated net sales and operating income of Vitro OCF were Ps. 225 million ($21 million) and Ps. 52 million ($5 million), respectively, during the period from January 1, 2004, to April 2, 2004. In 2003, Vitro OCF had consolidated net sales and operating income of Ps. 817 million ($75 million) and Ps. 200 million ($18 million), respectively. The gain on our sale of this interest was Ps. 454 million ($42 million). This business was previously included in our Flat Glass reportable segment.
In March 2004, Vitro America closed all of its distribution and production facilities and operations in the northwestern United States. The closing plan included operation of the facilities through June 30, 2004. As of December 31, 2004, all operations at these facilities had ceased. Vitro America conducts a substantial majority of our flat glass operations in the United States and is a subsidiary of Viméxico, which is included in our Flat Glass reportable segment.
During 2004, we also closed two small facilities in Mexico dedicated to the manufacture of architectural value-added products. The amount incurred for these closures was Ps. 22 million ($2 million). This business was previously included in our Flat Glass reportable segment.
In September 2003, we sold 100% of the outstanding shares of ECSA, one of our subsidiaries engaged in the manufacture and distribution of plastic products, to a subsidiary of Phoenix Capital Limited for $18 million, $15 million of which we received at closing and the remainder of which was paid in May 2005. The net sales and operating income of ECSA were Ps. 164 million ($15 million) and Ps. 10 million ($1 million), respectively, during the period from January 1, 2003, to September 10, 2003. The gain on sale of this component was Ps. 42 million ($4 million). This business was previously included in our Glass Containers reportable segment.
Our Operating Business Units
Our organizational structure, comprised of the Glass Containers and Flat Glass business units, allows us to focus on the needs of the distinct end markets we serve, which results in a diversified revenue base, and enables us to take advantage of our expertise in the efficient production and distribution of high quality glass products.

 

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Business Segment Data
The following table sets forth the business segment data for the three years ended December 31, 2007 in millions of constant pesos.
                                         
    Glass     Flat     Corporate &              
    Containers     Glass     Eliminations     Consolidated     $ million  
2007
                                       
Consolidated net sales
  Ps. 14,639     Ps. 13,591     Ps. 361     Ps. 28,591     $ 2,631  
Operating income
    2,054       782       (132 )     2,704       249  
Total assets
    17,040       12,835       2,312       32,187       2,962  
Capital expenditures
    2,328       324       43       2,695       248  
 
                                       
2006
                                       
Consolidated net sales
  Ps. 13,982     Ps. 13,461     Ps. 433     Ps. 27,876     $ 2,565  
Operating income
    1,853       418       (154 )     2,117       195  
Total assets
    13,937       11,401       3,357       28,695       2,641  
Capital expenditures
    894       338       20       1,252       115  
 
                                       
2005
                                       
Consolidated net sales
  Ps. 12,349     Ps. 13,701     Ps. 517     Ps. 26,567     $ 2,445  
Operating income
    1,327       514       (2 )     1,839       169  
Total assets
    14,668       13,949       4,775       32,937       3,031  
Capital expenditures
    622       468       17       1,107       102  
The following table sets forth the business segment data as a percentage of consolidated data.
                                 
    Glass     Flat     Corporate &        
    Containers     Glass     Eliminations     Consolidated  
2007
                               
Consolidated net sales
    51 %     48 %     1 %     100 %
Operating income
    76 %     29 %     (5 %)     100 %
Total assets
    53 %     40 %     7 %     100 %
Capital expenditures
    86 %     12 %     2 %     100 %
 
                               
2006
                               
Consolidated net sales
    50 %     48 %     2 %     100 %
Operating income
    88 %     20 %     (8 %)     100 %
Total assets
    49 %     40 %     11 %     100 %
Capital expenditures
    71 %     27 %     2 %     100 %
 
                               
2005
                               
Consolidated net sales
    46 %     52 %     2 %     100 %
Operating income
    72 %     28 %             100 %
Total assets
    45 %     42 %     13 %     100 %
Capital expenditures
    56 %     42 %     2 %     100 %

 

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Glass Containers
The principal operating subsidiaries of our Glass Containers business unit are:
   
Covisa, which conducts a substantial majority of our glass containers operations in Mexico;
 
   
Comegua, our joint venture with London Overseas and Golden Beer, which we believe is the largest glass containers producer in Central America (London Overseas and Golden Beer each hold 25.15% of Comegua’s outstanding shares);
 
   
Vitro Packaging, our glass containers distribution subsidiary in the United States;
 
   
Vilux, which is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of glass containers in Bolivia and neighboring countries;
 
   
Álcali, which is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and salt, which are the main raw materials used in the manufacture of glass products; and
 
   
Fama, which is engaged in the manufacture of capital goods such as glass forming machines and molds.
Based on the Glass Containers business unit’s net sales of Ps. 14,676 million ($1,351 million) in 2007, we believe it is the largest glass container producer in Mexico and Central America and among the largest in the world. In 2007, this business unit accounted for 51% of our consolidated net sales. During the same period, 28% of the net sales of the Glass Containers business unit came from exports and 15% came from sales by our foreign subsidiaries that are part of the business unit.
The Glass Containers business unit produces glass containers for the soft drink, beer, food, liquor and wine, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. Its customers include leading companies such as Avon, Bacardi, Campbells, Coty, Diageo, Encore Glass, Estee Lauder, Gerber, Grupo Cuervo, Grupo Domecq, Grupo Modelo, Herdez McCormick, Jafra, Jeyes, Jugos del Valle, Jumex, Nestle, Pepsi Cola, Procter & Gamble, Sauza, Tamazula, and The Coca-Cola Company. In addition, our Glass Containers business unit manufactures and distributes:
   
soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and salt, which are the main raw materials used in the manufacture of glass products, and
 
   
capital goods such as glass forming machines and molds.
The Glass Containers business unit operates eight manufacturing facilities in Mexico, three in Central America and one in Bolivia, and has two recycling plants in Mexico. The Glass Containers business unit, which exports to the United States mainly through our subsidiary Vitro Packaging, has five sales offices, four design centers and one distribution center in the United States.
In April 2006, Comegua acquired Vipasa, a glass container company located in Panama for a purchase price of Ps. 218 million ($20 million). We believe Vipasa is the largest glass container manufacturer for the beverages, liquor, food and pharmaceuticals industries in Panama with a dominant market share and exports to more than 10 countries in the Americas.
Flat Glass
The Flat Glass business unit is owned 91.8% by Vitro and is comprised of three main businesses: Float Glass manufacturing, Automotive Safety Glass manufacturing and distribution and our International Division, which is primarily focused on the distribution and manufacturing of flat glass products for the construction and architectural industries. The majority of our Flat Glass business unit’s operations (approximately 65%) are dedicated to the building products industry, while the remainig (approximately 35%) of the unit’s operations is concentrated in the automotive industry. In 2007, 24% of our Flat Glass business unit’s sales derived from Mexico, 19% derived from exports, and 57% derived from foreign subsidiaries. Sales done by Vitro America, our foreign subsidiary in the United States, represented 37% of the Flat Glass business unit’s sales.
Based on the Flat Glass business unit’s net sales of Ps. 13,605 million ($1,252 million) in 2007, we believe the business unit is the largest flat glass producer in Mexico, the second-largest in Latin America, one of the largest distributors of flat glass products in the United States and a leading provider of insulated flat glass products in Spain and Portugal. In 2007, this business unit accounted for 48% of Vitro’s consolidated net sales.

 

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In July, 2007, Viméxico exercised its option to acquire the other 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG (now Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.) from its joint venture partner AFG for Ps. 67 million ($6 million) in cash. With the termination of this joint venture, Viméxico became the sole owner of this entity, whose primary operations include the manufacture, processing and distribution of flat glass.
Our Float Glass manufacturing business is conducted through:
   
Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, (formerly Vitro AFG) which manufacture and distribute a majority of our raw (float) flat glass products for the Mexican construction industry and to automotive safety glass manufacturers as raw material.
Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste focus on the manufacture, processing and distribution of float glass used as raw material for the construction and automotive industries.
In 2007, the Float Glass manufacturing business represented 17% of our Flat Glass business unit’s total sales to third parties. A substantial portion is supplied to the building industry and to a lower extent is supplied to the automotive safety glass industry, as well as furniture and home appliance manufacturers. We believe we are the leading float glass manufacturing business in Mexico on the basis of sales, with a 43% market share in Mexico as of December 31, 2007. As of December 31, 2007, the Float Glass manufacturing business owned four float glass furnaces of which one in Mexico City has been shut down since March 2006 (fully written-down for accounting purposes as a result of an impairment charge recorded in 2006).
Our Automotive Safety Glass manufacturing and distribution business is conducted through the following subsidiaries:
   
VAU and Vitro Flex, our subsidiaries that manufacture and distribute our flat glass products for the Mexican and the United States’ automotive industry for the OEM and AGR markets;
 
   
Vitrocar, which is engaged in our AGR installation business in Mexico through distribution and installation centers strategically located throughout Mexico; and
 
   
Cristales Automotrices, our joint venture with a group of individual investors that owns a 49% equity interest in this business and operates a part of our AGR installation business, in Mexico City and its surrounding states.
In 2007, the Automotive Safety Glass manufacturing and distribution business represented 35% of our Flat Glass business unit’s total sales, with sales primarily derived from the automotive OEM market in North America. On the basis of volume in pieces, we estimate we are the third-largest automotive safety glass manufacturing and distribution business in North America, with a 13.4% market share as of December 31, 2007. The total amount of required float glass used as a row material for the manufacturing of automotive safety glass is sourced internally by Vidrio y Cristal.
Based on the number of molding furnaces the business unit currently operates in Mexico, we believe the Automotive Safety Glass manufacturing and distribution business is also a major manufacturer of safety glass products for the automotive OEM and AGR markets in Mexico. Our Automotive Safety Glass manufacturing and distribution business’ customer base includes General Motors, Ford Motor Co., DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen and Nissan.
Our International Division operates through the following subsidiaries:
   
Vitro America, which performs a substantial majority of our flat glass operations in the United States and derives 85% of its sales from the distribution of construction glass and 15% from the distribution and installation of auto glass;
 
   
Vitro Cristalglass, our joint venture with a group of individual investors that owns a 40% equity interest in this business, and is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of value-added flat glass products for the Spanish, French and Portuguese construction industries, with specialties in value-added glass products and glass for landmark construction projects;

 

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Vitro Cristalglass France, which conducts our flat glass business operations in France and is engaged in the production and distribution of value-added glass products in the French residential and commercial construction market- see Item 4. Information on the Company — Business — Acquisitions;
 
   
Vitro Chaves, a joint venture of Vitro Cristalglass with a group of individual investors that owns a 40% equity interest in this business, and is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of glass and glazing products for the Portuguese construction industry; and
 
   
Vitro Colombia, which conducts our Colombian flat glass operations and is engaged in the manufacture and distribution of flat glass products for the automotive and construction markets.
Vitro America processes, distributes and installs flat glass products for the construction and automotive markets in the United States. It operates in 23 states in the U.S. through 9 fabrication centers, 26 distribution centers and 98 installation centers. A portion of the glass processed by Vitro America is produced by the business unit in Mexico, and the balance is purchased from unaffiliated third parties. In 2007, a majority of Vitro America’s glass purchases in terms of volume were supplied from our Flat Glass Mexican subsidiaries.
In Europe, Vitro Cristalglass currently has seven processing facilities throughout Spain and two distribution centers in Barcelona, Spain. Vitro Chaves currently has one processing facility and one distribution center in Lisbon, Portugal. Vitro Cristalglass also controls our recently acquired processing facility in Villetaneuse, France.

 

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Our Products
The following table sets forth our principal products, customers and end-users, sales regions and joint venture partners by business line within each of our two business units.
Glass Containers:
                 
        Customers and        
Business Line   Products   End-Users   Sales Regions   Joint Venture Partners
 
               
Glass Containers
  Glass containers   Soft drink, beer, food, wine & liquor, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries   Mexico, the United States, the Caribbean, Central and South America, Europe, and Asia   London Overseas and Golden Beer in Comegua
 
               
Raw Materials
  Soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and salt   Glass manufacturers and detergent producers   Mexico, the United States and South America    
 
               
Machinery and Molds
  Glass forming machines, castings for glass molds, machinery parts and electronic controls   Flat Glass business unit, Glass Containers business unit, glass manufacturers and other third-party manufacturers   Mexico, the United States and Central and South America    
Flat Glass:
                 
        Customers and        
Business Line   Products   End-Users   Sales Regions   Joint Venture Partners
 
               
Float Glass
  Float glass,
architectural
tempered safety
glass, insulated
glass units,
laminated, table
tops
  Construction industry, distributors, retailers and installers, and furniture and home appliances manufacturers. Automotive Safety Glass manufacturers.   Mexico, the United States, Canada, Europe and Central and South America   Pilkington in Viméxico/ Individual investors in Vitro Cristalglass and in Vitro Chaves
 
               
Automotive Glass
  Windshields, side laminated glass, rear and side tempered glass   Automotive OEMs, automotive glass replacement (AGR) market, distributors and installers   Mexico, the United States, Canada and Central and South America   Pilkington in
Viméxico/ Individual
investors in
Cristales
Automotrices
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations”, “Item 8. Financial Information—Export Sales” and note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for a breakdown of our consolidated net sales by business unit and geographic market for each year in the three year period ended December 31, 2007.

 

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Our Operations
Glass Containers Business Unit
Our Glass Containers business unit, which accounted for 51% of our consolidated net sales in 2007, manufactures and distributes glass containers for the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, as well as raw materials, machinery and molds for the glass industry, and, based on its net sales of Ps. 14,676 million ($1,351 million) in 2007, we believe the Glass Containers business unit is the largest glass container producer in Mexico and Central America and among the largest in the world.
As of December 31, 2007, our Glass Containers business unit’s total assets were Ps. 17,040 million ($1,568 million). The business unit owns eight manufacturing facilities in Mexico, three in Central America and one in Bolivia. In 2007, we believe our Glass Containers business unit’s sales represented approximately 74% of the non-captive glass container market in Mexico and approximately 3% of the glass container market in the United States, in each case in terms of units. We define a non-captive market to exclude buyers (such as beverage and beer bottlers) that are supplied glass containers by their affiliates. In Mexico, the Glass Containers business unit has four design centers, one of which specializes in the cosmetics and pharmaceuticals market.
The Glass Containers business unit’s strategy is to:
   
focus on current operations to maximize organic growth and to take advantage of future opportunities by adding capacity when refurbishing existing furnaces;
 
   
consolidate its competitive position by defending share and margins in the domestic market;
 
   
use our growing position in niche markets and focus on value added products to enhance profitability;
 
   
continue the promotion of innovative new product development;
 
   
reduce costs and enhance operating efficiencies; and
 
   
maximize cash flow through growth in sales and margins while optimizing the use of capital expenditures and assets.
Among the business unit’s key competitive strengths are its productivity, quality levels, wide variety of glass colors and decorative alternatives, its versatile production processes and its vertical integration with respect to raw materials, machinery and molds. The business unit’s high levels of productivity and quality, as well as its ability to rapidly meet changes in demand, allows it to aggressively compete with other container technologies in Mexico and offer value-added products at attractive prices in the United States and other export markets. The versatility and flexibility of the business unit’s production processes are reflected in the business unit’s ability to offer customers special glass colors and fast turnarounds on small production runs on a cost-efficient basis, as well as decorating and labeling processes, including ultraviolet organic paints, “plastishield,” adhered ceramic labels and heat transfer labels. In addition, we believe that the location of the business unit’s facilities is a competitive strength that has helped us implement our business strategy. The business unit’s capacity to produce cost efficient short runs with a wide variety of colors, shapes and decorations, its innovative designs and its “one-stop shop” concept, which provides its customers with a complete packaging solution, including glass containers, closures, carriers, labels and boxes, also enables it to compete effectively in value-added markets.
Our Glass Containers business unit manufactures glass containers for both high-volume markets and value-added markets. We refer to markets that demand high volumes of standard products at competitive prices as high-volume markets, and we refer to markets that require shorter production runs of highly designed products and involve premium pricing as value-added markets. The business unit’s business strategy has emphasized the introduction of products into value-added markets, in addition to retaining our market share in the Mexican high-volume markets. The specialty nature of the products sold in value-added markets allows the business unit to charge higher per unit prices for these products, resulting in higher margins.
One of our Glass Containers business unit’s competitive advantages is its time to market on the product development cycle for glass containers where we have a response time of three weeks for a prototype, which we believe is shorter than the response time of some of the other world-class producers of glass containers. Similarly, the business unit’s technological expertise permits the introduction of new products with innovative customized images in order to meet the design requirements of its customers.

 

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Additionally, in January 2007 our Glass Containers business unit signed a three year take-or-pay contract with Grupo Modelo which includes pre-established volumes and a price adjustment formula. Vitro has been designated Grupo Modelo’s preferred third party supplier.
Traditionally, the Glass Containers business unit has had access to technology that we believe is state-of-the-art in the glass containers industry. For the production of glass bottles, the Glass Containers business unit utilizes its own technology, some of which has been patented, and technology provided by Owens-Illinois pursuant to a series of technical assistance agreements that began in 1964 and expired in September 1999. We currently have the right to use the technology provided to us by Owens-Illinois under these technical assistance agreements. Our glass containers labeling capability includes state-of-the-art technology in organic paints. This process, which is called ultraviolet cure, was developed to further our continuous efforts to grow in high-margin niche markets by providing value-added products. We hold the patent for this type of paint, which is more environmentally friendly than similar products in the market due to its organic nature. We have supplied this type of decoration for several years to customers such as The Coca-Cola Company.
Sales of the Glass Containers business unit in the beer and soft drinks business lines in Mexico are seasonal, with hot weather positively affecting our sales. As a result, second and third quarter sales are typically higher than sales in the first and fourth quarters. Accordingly, the Glass Containers business unit generally builds its inventory of glass containers during the fourth and first quarters in anticipation of seasonal demand.
In Mexico, the business unit has 23 furnaces in six glass container manufacturing facilities (Vidriera Monterrey, Vitro Cosmos, Vidriera los Reyes, Vidriera Querétaro, Vidriera Guadalajara and Vidriera Toluca), each located near a major customer. We estimate that in 2007 the business unit’s manufacturing facilities produced approximately 41% of the glass tonnage melting capacity in Mexico, and that we sold 74% of the glass container units on the Mexican non-captive market in 2007.
In the United States, the business unit’s distributor, Vitro Packaging, has four design centers, five sales offices and one distribution center, all strategically located to serve its target markets. In 2007, we believe the business unit’s imports into the United States represented approximately 22% of all sales of imported glass containers into the United States, which would make it the largest glass container importer into the United States in terms of sales.
In Central America, Comegua owns three manufacturing facilities, one located in Guatemala, one in Costa Rica and one in Panama. Comegua also has a design center located in Guatemala. In Bolivia, the business unit owns and operates one manufacturing facility.
In April 2006, Comegua acquired Vipasa, a glass container company located in Panama for a purchase price of Ps. 218 million ($20 million)- see Item 4. Information on the Company — Business — Acquisitions.
Mexican Operations
We believe that the Glass Containers business unit is the largest glass containers producer in Mexico based on the business unit’s net sales in 2007. In 2007 the Glass Containers business unit’s sales to the Mexican market were Ps. 8,371 million ($770 million). The Glass Containers business unit produces glass containers, raw materials, machinery and molds at eight manufacturing facilities located throughout Mexico. The business unit’s facilities are located in close proximity to major customers, ensuring heightened responsiveness to customer design and production requirements and optimizing transportation costs. All of the Glass Containers business unit’s facilities in Mexico have obtained the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) certification, except for Fama and Álcali, and have recertified the ISO 9000:2000 certification. During 2007, the glass facilities were operating at approximately 97% of their capacity. We also own two cullet-processing plants, which supplies us the cullet. In the cullet processing plants, scrap or broken glass is gathered for re-melting and mixed with virgin raw materials in order to obtain cost reductions in the production process without affecting the quality of the products. Although there are currently no mandatory recycling laws in Mexico similar to those in force in the United States or in other countries, we conduct campaigns throughout Mexico to collect glass containers.

 

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The Glass Containers business unit’s customers include leading companies such as Avon, Bacardí, Coty, Estee Lauder, Gerber, Grupo Domecq, Grupo Modelo, Jugos del Valle, Nestle, Procter & Gamble and The Coca-Cola Company. In Mexico, the Glass Containers business unit relies primarily on its own sales and marketing force, utilizing outside sales representatives to service customers with smaller volume demand. The business unit has implemented an online system for sharing information with customers. From their respective offices, the business unit’s customers can access product information, place orders, check inventories, trace shipments and consult account statements. Our “one-stop shop” concept, which provides our customers with a complete packaging solution, including containers, closures, carriers, labels and boxes, enables us to compete effectively in value-added markets. We have selectively implemented this concept within Mexico, the United States and Central America.
Exports and U.S. Operations
Total export sales of the Glass Containers business unit, which do not include the sales of our Central and South American operations, amounted to $364 million (nominal dollars) in 2007. The large majority of the export sales of the business unit are made to the United States, principally through our distribution subsidiary in the United States, Vitro Packaging, which also sources a small amount of the glass containers it sells from third parties. The Glass Containers business unit increased export sales into the United States by offering value-added specialty products, particularly to the cosmetics market and to wine and liquor bottlers in the United States. The business unit also produces special promotional containers for soft drink bottlers in the United States. The exports represented 28% of the Glass Containers business unit’s net sales in 2007.
Central and South American Operations
Comegua, a joint venture in which we hold a controlling 49.7% interest, is a Panamanian holding company that operates manufacturing facilities in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama and supplies glass containers to the soft drink, food, beer and wine markets throughout Central America and the Caribbean. Comegua’s consolidated net sales in 2007 were Ps. 2,127 million ($196 million).
In April 2006, Comegua acquired Vipasa, a glass container company located in Panama for a purchase price of Ps. 218 million ($20 million) — see Item 4. Information on the Company — Business — Acquisitions.
We also own 100% of the common stock of Vilux, a company that owns and operates the only glass container manufacturing facility in Bolivia. Vilux’s net sales in 2007 were Ps. 113 million ($10 million).Vilux distributes glass containers for the soft drinks, food, beer, wine and liquor industries throughout Bolivia, southern Peru and Chile.
Raw Materials, Machinery and Molds
Our raw materials operations are carried out by our subsidiary Álcali. Álcali’s net sales in 2007 were Ps. 1,252 million ($115 million). Álcali’s principal products are soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride and salt for industrial and commercial consumption. Most of Álcali’s soda ash production, which is used in the manufacture of glass, detergents and tripolyphosphates, is sold to third parties. Álcali competes in the soda ash sector with the American Natural Soda Ash Corporation (“Ansac”), a United States exporter of natural soda ash. Álcali maintains a separate sales and marketing force for its products, which are distributed directly to its customers.
Our machinery and molds operations are conducted through our subsidiary Fama. Fama was founded in 1943 to source our needs for molds and machinery for our glass manufacturing operations. It had net sales of Ps. 695 million ($64 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007. Fama produces state-of-the-art glass-forming machines for our internal use. In addition, Fama produces castings of special alloys for glass molds and for different types of machinery and parts for machinery used in the oil industry. Fama also produces mold equipment for the glass industry and ancillary equipment for the glass, packaging and other industries, as well as electronic controls for machinery operating and process controls for glass-forming machines. Finally, Fama manufactures annealing lehrs, which are ovens used to anneal glass, for the float and hollow glass industries. Fama’s products are mainly sold to us. Fama generally competes with major international manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the glass industry.

 

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Competition
Although based on the business unit’s net sales in 2007 of Ps. 14,676 million ($1,351 million) we believe the Glass Containers business unit is the principal supplier of glass containers in Mexico, it competes with various smaller domestic manufacturers as well as with the glass containers operations of the two major Mexican beer producers who produce bottles for their own consumption. The Glass Containers business unit in Mexico also competes with alternative forms of packaging, including metal, plastic, paper and aseptic containers. In the soft drinks industry, the Glass Containers business unit has faced increasing competition from polyethylene therephtalate containers (“PET”), as well as, to a lesser extent, from aluminum cans. In particular, since 1993 the shift of soft drinks and food containers from glass to PET has continued, albeit at a slower rate in recent years. In response to the trend in soft drinks and food containers from glass to PET, we continue to implement measures to offset the effect of PET substitution, including improving operating efficiencies, new product presentations and customer service. In 2007, for the third consecutive year, the returnable soft drinks glass industry increased versus the previous year, and our overall sales in the Mexican soft drinks market experienced a 1% compound annual growth rate from 2004 to 2007.
In Mexico, the business unit competes for customers primarily on the basis of service (focusing on on-time deliveries and design), quality (including the ability to conform to a wide variety of specifications) and scale (including the ability to assure customers of the capacity necessary to support their growth).
The Glass Containers business unit faces greater competition in the United States than in Mexico, mainly from Saint Gobain and Owens-Illinois. However, the business unit has utilized its competitive advantage to supply a variety of higher margin, value-added products, including specialty food, beverage, cosmetics, wine and liquor glass containers, and to increase its production expertise and flexibility, thereby allowing it to realize higher operating margins relative to traditional products. The business unit’s ability to offer cost-effective short production runs, quick new product turn-around, an extensive glass color selection, diverse labeling capabilities and unique container designs are all examples of the application of its competitive strengths. The Glass Containers business unit competes primarily on quality, design and price in the United States. In Central America, the Glass Containers business unit competes with a number of smaller regional manufacturers.
Flat Glass Business Unit
Flat Glass accounted for 48% of our consolidated net sales in 2007. In 2007, the Flat Glass business unit’s net sales were Ps. 13,605 million ($1,252 million) and its export sales were $237 million (nominal dollars). During 2007, 20% of the business unit’s net sales were derived from export sales and 56% were derived from its foreign subsidiaries.
The Flat Glass business unit’s holding company is Viméxico. The Flat Glass business unit began operations in Mexico in 1936. Since 1965 and prior to the merger of Vitro Plan with Viméxico, Vitro Plan was jointly owned by Vitro (65%) and Pilkington (35%). On December 11, 2006, Vitro Plan was merged with Viméxico, and as a result, the surviving entity is now jointly owned by Vitro (91.8%) and Pilkington (8.2%).
The business unit’s customer base includes several large distributors and installers in the construction industry in Mexico and abroad, several automotive manufacturers such as General Motors, Ford Motor Co., DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen and Nissan, and distributors and installers in the automotive replacement industry.
As of December 31, 2007, the Flat Glass business unit’s total assets were Ps. 12,835 million ($1,181 million). The business unit owns over 250 operating centers, including four float glass furnaces and four automotive safety glass processing facilities in Mexico, nine fabrication facilities in the United States, seven processing facilities in Spain and one in Portugal. We believe our float glass capacity represented 57% of the float glass produced in Mexico and 3% of the total installed capacity in the NAFTA region.

 

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The Flat Glass business unit’s strategy is to:
   
reduce costs and enhance operating efficiencies;
 
   
improve cash flow and optimize asset use;
 
   
protect and increase our market share in the Mexican market for construction glass, reducing our reliance on the export market;
 
   
maintain our leading position and growth trend in the OEM glass business through increasing participation with the Asian car manufacturers;
 
   
consolidate and grow North American leadership of laminated window products for the OEMs and other value-added products;
 
   
diversify client portfolio;
 
   
increase fabrication of value-added products in the United States and Mexico;
 
   
increase European presence through Vitro Cristalglass; and
 
   
leverage the “Vitro” brand name.
For the construction market, we rely on a preferred client network, Vitromart, which consists of 216 of the business unit’s largest distributors of flat glass for the construction industry. Additionally our Flat Glass business unit’s strategy has emphasized production-retail integration for the Mexican auto glass replacement market. Vitrocar and Cristales Automotrices, are the biggest automotive glass-replacement installation chain in Mexico. Vitrocar and Cristales Automotrices operate 186 installation centers throughout Mexico, of which 66 are owned by these two companies and 120 are franchised. Both companies have agreements with the main insurance companies operating in Mexico in order to provide a complete service to such companies’ clients.
Mexican Operations
We believe that the Flat Glass business unit is the largest flat glass producer in Mexico based on the business unit’s net sales in Mexico in 2007. The business unit maintains seven distribution centers throughout Mexico where construction customers or automotive customers can access information about the availability of products on a real-time basis. 44% of Flat Glass sales are from the Mexican operations out of which Ps. 3,974 million ($366 million) are done in Mexico and $237 million (nominal dollars) are exports. The majority of these export sales are made to automotive OEMs in the United States. The principal product that Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste produce and distribute is float glass for the construction industry, principally for commercial and residential uses, as well as raw material for the automotive safety glass producers. Vidrio y Cristal also produces tabletops and coated glass. For the Mexican automotive industry, VAU and Vitro Flex produce safety glass products such as windshields, side and back lights, rear quarters and sunroofs.
Vidrio y Cristal operates two float glass furnaces near Monterrey, Mexico and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste operates one in Mexicali, Mexico. Products at these facilities are manufactured using the float method, which involves pouring molten glass over a molten tin bath. During 2007, the float glass facilities were operating at 94% of their capacity. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Our Property, Plant and Equipment.” All but one of Vidrio y Cristal’s and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste’s facilities have obtained ISO 9001 Certification.
Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, now operating together, sell raw glass to builders, glass installers and distributors in the construction segment and a small proportion to the automotive safety glass producers as raw material. The sales force markets its construction products to a large number of distributors and is supported by a technical support department that offers technical advice to construction glass installers. These subsidiaries have designated commercial executives to serve as individualized customer service representatives for the business unit’s principal purchasers of construction products.

 

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For the production of automotive safety glass, VAU and Vitro Flex, now operating together, operate four processing facilities in Mexico for the automotive OEM market and the AGR market. Sales are made directly to automotive OEMs in Mexico and the United States, while the AGR market is serviced through the business unit’s distribution centers throughout Mexico, independent distributors and installers and Vitrocar’s and Cristales Automotrices’ stores. Ford Motor Co. is the largest end customer of the business unit’s automotive safety glass products, which purchases these products for use in Ford Motor Co.’s assembly plants in Mexico and the United States and to serve the AGR market through the Carlite brand. In addition, VAU and Vitro Flex sell automotive safety glass products to automobile manufacturers in Mexico, United States and other markets; main clients include GM, Ford, Chrysler, Nissan and Freightliner.
In order to better serve their customers, VAU and Vitro Flex have established account plans for automotive OEMs. OEM account plans consist of staff whose time is exclusively dedicated to major OEMs and who provide specialized assistance in the areas of engineering, service and sales.
United States Operations
The United States operations of the Flat Glass business unit are conducted through Vitro America, which, based on its consolidated net sales in 2007, is one of the largest distributors of flat glass products in the United States. In 2007, Vitro America had consolidated net sales of $451 million, of which 85% were to the construction industry and 15% were to the automotive replacement market.
Vitro America purchases flat glass as raw material from our Mexican subsidiaries and from United States manufacturers and uses it to process tempered, spandrel, insulated, laminated, mirrors and other products. In 2007, our Mexican subsidiaries supplied 46% of all flat glass purchased by Vitro America, which purchases include coated and other proprietary products that Vitro could not supply. These products are sold directly to distributors as well as to end-buyers through Vitro America’s own distribution centers and retail shops. Vitro America also distributes and sells to furniture manufacturers in the United States a significant number of custom-made glass tabletops produced by the Flat Glass business unit’s manufacturing plants in Mexico. Additionally, Vitro America engages in the design, manufacture and installation of custom skylights in the United States and several other countries. Vitro America also distributes to the United States automotive replacement market a full line of automotive glass products, including windshields and side and back windows for American and foreign cars and trucks.
Vitro America operates 9 fabrication facilities, 26 distribution centers and 98 installation centers in the United States. Vitro America sells its construction products to builders and glass installers, who use its products in industrial and commercial projects such as skyscrapers and other buildings, through its own distribution network and retail stores. Vitro America sells its automotive products to the replacement market through its own distribution network and retail stores.
European Operations
The Flat Glass business unit competes in the European flat glass construction market through Vitro Cristalglass and Vitro Chaves, mainly with value added products. Vitro Cristalglass processes and distributes double glass, laminated glass and tempered glass mainly for the Spanish, French and Portuguese market. Vitro Cristalglass operates with seven insulated glass manufacturing centers and two distribution centers, located in Barcelona. Additionally, Vitro Cristalglass has the biggest semi-finished manufacturing process center of Spain located in Ponferrada. Vitro Chaves manufactures and distributes insulated and laminated glass products in Portugal with their main facility located in Chaves (north of Portugal) and a distribution center located in Lisbon. In 2007, Vitro Cristalglass and Vitro Chaves had consolidated net sales of Ps. 2,462 million ($227 million) and Ps. 392 million ($36 million), respectively. Most of the sales of Vitro Cristalglass are of insulated glass windows, a value-added product, which are distributed to builders and distributors by Vitro Cristalglass’ own sales force. Vitro Chaves’ main products are insulated and laminated glass for the construction industry, which are distributed through its own and Vitro Cristalglass’ distribution network.
In April 2008, Vitro Cristalglass acquired certain assets from Verres et Glaces D’Epinay (located in Villetaneuse, France), the most significant being an Isolated Glass (“IG”) fabrication facility, which serves the commercial and residential market in Northern France.

 

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Central and South American Operations
Through its Colombian subsidiary, Vitro Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, through its subsidiaries in Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, the Flat Glass business unit processes tempered and laminated glass for the automotive replacement, construction and specialty markets in Central and South America. Vitro Colombia has one processing facility which is located in Colombia. In 2007, Vitro Colombia and its subsidiaries had consolidated net sales of Ps. 422 million ($39 million). Vitro Colombia is expanding into the OEM automotive glass market in Colombia and other Andean Pact nations as well as into the automotive replacement market in South America. Vitro Colombia markets its products through a network of independent distributors to small- and medium-sized builders.
Competition
In Mexico, Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste face competition in the construction industry mainly from Saint Gobain, Guardian, and from imports of glass products. Guardian, which since 1999 has competed with our Flat Glass business unit as an importer of raw flat glass products, completed the construction of a float glass furnace in Queretaro in 2004, which is estimated to produce 200,000 tons of float glass per year. The local competition of Vidrio y Cristal and Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste compete primarily on price, service and quality. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—We continue to experience competition from our global competitors and vertically integrated customers.”
With respect to automotive safety glass, the business unit’s principal competition includes Saint Gobain, PPG Industries, Asahi, Pilkington, Visteon and imports of low-volume automotive glass products that are being utilized in new automotive designs produced in Mexico. Saint Gobain operates an automotive glass manufacturing facility located in Cuautla, Mexico.
Vitro America faces competition in the United States from a variety of flat glass manufacturers in the United States, as well as from a large number of medium- and small-sized producers and distributors of flat glass products. Vitro America competes in the United States primarily on the basis of breadth of geographic distribution capabilities, service (on a full line of products) price and quality.
In Europe, Vitro Cristalglass, as an Insulated Glass Manufacturer, faces competition with regional competitors and integrated competitors like Saint Gobain. In Central and South America, Vitro Colombia main competitors are Guardian, Pilkington and Saint Gobain.
Our Raw Materials
Soda Ash, Sand and Feldspar
The most important raw materials we utilize are soda ash, which we largely purchase from Ansac, silica sand and feldspar. In 2005, we entered into a five-year supply agreement with Unimin Corporation (“Unimin”), whereby we have committed to purchase, and certain of Unimin’s subsidiaries are committed to sell, our requirements of silica sand and feldspar at the current market prices. Álcali has, to a large extent, the production capacity to supply the soda ash required by our glass making operations in Mexico. To the extent that any of our Mexican subsidiaries require silica sand or soda ash of a different grade than that produced by Unimin or by Ansac and Álcali, such companies may acquire such silica sand or soda ash from various suppliers in the United States. We are not dependent on any single supplier for any of the raw materials utilized in our operations.
Energy
Certain of our subsidiaries agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 90 megawatts of electrical power and 1.3 million tons of steam per year pursuant to a 15-year “take-or-pay” power purchase agreement with Tractebel Energía, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Tractebel Energia”). This contract began in April 2003 and the price at which we are required to purchase electrical power and steam is based on variables such as inflation, the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate and the price of natural gas, whose future value is uncertain.

 

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Fuel
The percentage of estimated fuel consumption hedged can vary from 10% to 100%. The percentage of consumption hedged and the hedged prices change constantly according to market conditions based on the Company’s needs and to the use of alternative fuels within its production processes. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had hedges for approximately 20% of estimated natural gas consumption for 2008.
As of June 23, 2008, the closing price of natural gas on the New York Mercantile Exchange was $13.20 per MMBTU. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - Natural Gas Price Risk.”
Our Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures program is currently focused on new investments in technological upgrades and maintenance of our manufacturing facilities, as well as expansion of our production capacity. Our capital expenditures program also contemplates the purchase and maintenance of environmental protection equipment required to meet applicable environmental laws and regulations, as such may be in effect from time to time. The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, our capital expenditures by business unit.
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Business Unit   (Ps. millions)  
Glass Containers
  Ps. 622     Ps. 894     Ps. 2,328  
Flat Glass
    468       338       324  
Corporate and other
    17       20       43  
 
                 
Total
  Ps. 1,107     Ps. 1,252     Ps. 2,695  
 
                 
During 2008, we expect to make capital expenditures in the range of Ps. 2,695 million ($248 million) as follows:
   
Our Glass Containers Business Unit expects to make capital expenditures of Ps. 2,065 million ($190 million), of which Ps. 1,282 million ($118 million) will be used to provide maintenance to certain of our furnaces and to the relocation of our Vidriera Mexico operation to the Vidriera Toluca facility. The remaining Ps. 783 million ($72 million) will be applied to expand production capacity. The production capacity expansion would take place within the Vidriera Monterrey, Vidriera Mexico (in its new location at the Vidriera Toluca premises), and Vidriera Los Reyes facilities.
 
   
Our Flat Glass Business Unit expects to make capital expenditures of Ps. 598 million ($55 million), of which Ps. 348 million ($32 million) will be used by its Mexican subsidiaries, highlighted by the purchase of a new furnace for the Company’s automotive glass operations and the other Ps. 250 million ($23 million) will be used by its foreign subsidiaries.
 
   
Our corporate entities expect to make capital expenditures of approximately Ps. 32 million ($3 million).
The capital expenditures are expected to be financed with cash flows generated by our operations and with current cash on hand. Should we be unable to fund the total amount of our capital expenditures with cash flows from operations, we might defer a portion of such expenditures to future periods.
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources”, for a discussion of our principal capital expenditures during the last three full fiscal years.
Genesis Project
Through the end of 2007, we have invested approximately Ps. 423 million ($39 million) related to the implementation of the Genesis Project. During 2008, we expect to invest approximately Ps. 163 million ($15 million) for the continued implementation of the Genesis Project. The majority of the cost of the Genesis Project is being capitalized and will be amortized over the expected useful life of the asset. See “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—Genesis Project.”

 

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Our Property, Plant and Equipment
All of our assets and property are located in Mexico, the United States, Central and South America and Europe. On December 31, 2007, the net book value of land and buildings, machinery and equipment and construction in progress was Ps. 17,841 million ($1,642 million), of which Ps. 14,960 million ($1,377 million) represented assets located in Mexico; Ps. 337 million ($31 million) represented assets located in the United States; Ps. 1,923 million ($177 million) represented assets located in Central and South America; and Ps. 621 million ($57 million) represented assets located in Europe.
Our principal executive offices are located in the Monterrey, Mexico area. We own and operate 37 manufacturing facilities worldwide, of which our float glass furnaces are our largest facilities. Our subsidiary Comegua has granted a lien on one of its furnaces, and our subsidiary Vitro Cristalglass has granted a lien on one of its facilities.
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, the average capacity utilization and location of each of our business unit’s principal manufacturing facilities.
                         
        Average Capacity     Average Capacity      
        Utilization (1) as of     Utilization (2) as of     Number of Facilities
Business Unit       December 31, 2006     December 31, 2007     by City or Country
Glass Containers
        98 %     97 %   Monterrey(3)
 
                      Guadalajara
 
                      Mexico City(2)
 
                      Queretaro
 
                      Toluca
 
                      Costa Rica
 
                      Guatemala
 
                      Panama
 
                      Bolivia
 
                       
Flat Glass
  Float     94 %     99 %   Monterrey(4)
 
  Furnaces (3)                   Mexico City(2) (4)
 
                      Mexicali
 
                      United States(9)
 
  Automotive
Facilities
    79 %     77 %   Colombia
Spain(7)
Portugal
 
     
(1)  
Average for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2006.
 
(2)  
Average for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2007.
 
(3)  
Capacity utilization may sometimes be greater than 100% because pulling capacity is calculated based on a certain number of changes in glass color and thickness, determined by historical averages.
 
(4)  
Does not include a furnace in Mexico City that has been shut down since 2006.
We also maintain over 60 sales offices and warehouses in Mexico and over 165 warehouses, sales offices and retail shops in the United States, most of which are leased.
We believe that all our facilities are adequate for our present needs and suitable for their intended purpose and that our manufacturing facilities are generally capable of being utilized at a higher capacity to support increases in demand.
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Capital Expenditures” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures” for a discussion of our capital expenditures.

 

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Environmental Matters
Our Mexican operations are subject to Mexican federal, state and municipal laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The primary federal environmental law is the Ley General de Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente (“LGEEPA” or the General Ecological and Environmental Protection Law) pursuant to which regulations have been promulgated concerning air pollution, noise pollution, environmental impact assessments, environmental audits and hazardous wastes and substances. LGEEPA sets forth the legal framework applicable to the generation and handling of hazardous wastes and substances, the release of contaminants into the air, soil and water, as well as the environmental impact assessment procedure. The Ley de Aguas Nacionales (National Water Law) and regulations thereunder govern the prevention and control of water pollution.
The Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de los Residuos (General Law for the Prevention and Integrated Management of Waste) regulates the generation, handling, transportation, storage and final disposal of hazardous waste, as well as the import and export of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes. The Mexican federal government has established a public registry where federally regulated emission sources report their air and water emissions, as well as information on the generation, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances.
In addition to the foregoing, Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (Mexican Official Standards), which are technical standards issued by regulatory authorities pursuant to the Ley General de Metrología y Normalización (General Law of Metrology and Normalization) and other laws that include the aforementioned environmental laws, establish standards relating to air emissions (including air emissions for glass manufacturing operations), waste water discharges, the generation, handling and disposal of hazardous wastes and noise control, among others.
The Mexican federal authority in charge of overseeing compliance with the federal environmental laws is the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources), which we refer to as “SEMARNAT”. An agency of SEMARNAT, the Procuraduria Federal de Protección al Ambiente (Federal Environmental Protection Agency), which we refer to as “PROFEPA”, has the authority to enforce the Mexican federal environmental laws. As part of its enforcement powers, PROFEPA can bring administrative, civil and criminal proceedings against companies and individuals that violate environmental laws, regulations and Mexican Official Standards and has the authority to impose a variety of sanctions. These sanctions may include, among others, monetary fines, revocation of authorizations, concessions, licenses, permits or registries, administrative arrests, seizure of contaminating equipment, and in certain cases, temporary or permanent closure of facilities.
Additionally, as part of its inspection authority, PROFEPA is entitled to periodically inspect the facilities of companies whose activities are regulated by the Mexican environmental legislation and verify compliance therewith. Furthermore, in special situations or certain areas where federal jurisdiction is not applicable or appropriate, the state and municipal authorities can administer and enforce certain environmental regulations of their respective jurisdictions.
In 1998, our subsidiaries initiated a voluntary environmental auditing program implemented by PROFEPA. This program entails PROFEPA-approved auditors conducting environmental audits of the relevant facilities to determine if such facilities comply with applicable Mexican environmental laws. Once an audit is completed, the auditor issues a report of findings and recommendations, which must be delivered to PROFEPA. The audited facility thereafter enters into an agreement with PROFEPA on an action plan to be undertaken, pursuant to which, after being implemented to PROFEPA’s satisfaction, the audited entity receives the Industria Limpia (“Clean Industry”) certificate. The Clean Industry certificate is valid for two years and may be extended at the request of the audited entity, provided that an auditor reaudits and certifies that the relevant facility operates pursuant to the Clean Industry certificate that was previously granted. Obtaining this certificate implies that the audited facility is in compliance with applicable Mexican environmental laws at the time of receipt of the certificate.

 

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A PROFEPA-approved independent auditor has completed environmental audits at all 15 of our facilities in Mexico. All of these facilities have already obtained the Clean Industry certificate.
Our foreign operations are subject to federal, state and local laws relating to the protection of the environment of the country in which such operations are conducted. From time to time, we conduct environmental assessments of our foreign operations, some of which are currently underway, to determine whether we are in compliance with applicable foreign environmental laws. We expect to spend approximately $1 million in capital expenditures over the next two years to comply with these and other environmental regulations as they become effective or are modified. We may, however, incur amounts greater than currently estimated due to changes in law and other factors beyond our control. Although there can be no assurance, we do not believe that continued compliance with Mexican and foreign environmental laws applicable to our operations will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable

 

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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
You should read this discussion in conjunction with, and this discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us. This section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including without limitation those set forth in “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors” and the other matters set forth in this annual report. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”
OPERATING RESULTS
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our statement of operations is affected by, among other factors, (i) the level of demand for our products in the countries in which we operate, (ii) our costs of production, which principally consist of costs of raw materials, labor, energy and depreciation, (iii) the relationship between the peso and the U.S. dollar, (iv) financing costs, which are incurred in both pesos and U.S. dollars and (v) increased competition in our domestic market and abroad. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Difficult market conditions in the automotive industry may affect our operating margins and results of operations,” “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—We have customers that are significant to us and the loss of all or a portion of their business would have an adverse effect on us,” “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Downturns in the economies in which we operate may negatively affect the demand for our products and our results of operations,” “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Changes in the relative value of the peso to the U.S. dollar and the Euro may have an adverse effect on us,” “Item 3. Key Information— Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Inflation fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our total comprehensive financing result,” “Item 3. Key Information— Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Foreign exchange rate fluctuations may have an adverse effect on our total comprehensive financing result,” “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—We may be adversely affected by increases in interest rates,” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Substitution trends in the glass container industry may continue to adversely affect our business.”
Trend Information
The Mexican glass container market has shown an upward trend during the past years. The continued popularity of glass as a packaging option given its high quality image, its endless possibilities of innovation and its environmental friendly aspects when compared to other container products has helped this positive trend. In fact, some products that years ago migrated to other types of packaging are returning to glass due to consumer preferences. Looking forward, one of the main growth drivers in the Mexican glass container market is expected to be the migration from returnable to non-returnable glass containers in the beer segment. Regarding the United States market, the Glass Containers business unit has focused its strategy in value-added niche markets where it has been able to capture the demand growth and estimates it will continue to show the same trend in the future. This particular business unit is not expected to be affected by the economic recession, as history has proved that there is no correlation between glass containers consumption and GDP growth.
The long term fundamentals of the different markets where the Flat Glass business unit participates are also strong. The Mexican flat glass construction market has experienced growth in recent years and it is expected to grow in the future due to: strong demand, the current housing deficit and the positive interest rate conditions prevailing in Mexico. The automotive OEM business has experienced increasing pressures in different geographic markets. We are heavily dependent on the big three US car manufactures which are currently experiencing difficult times. High gasoline prices are also affecting sales of the OEM business, specially the ones related to Sport Utility Vehicles (“SUV’s”), which represent an important percentage of our auto glass volume.

 

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The Flat Glass business unit continues to diversify its customer base to Japanese Manufacturers and to attract new automotive platform contracts. Despite the automotive industry’s pressures, our automotive business has benefited from the growth and the strong fundamentals of the Mexican AGR market. The Spanish residential construction market is experiencing a slowdown. Vitro Cristalglass has been able to partially offset this situation through its geographic diversification and the access to other European markets. One example of the steps taken by Vitro Cristalglass to achieve a broader geographic diversification is the acquisition of Vitro Cristalglass France, which is now engaged in the production and distribution of value-added glass products to the French residential and commercial construction market. Longer term, the Spanish construction market is expected to recover its growth momentum. Despite the positive results in 2007, Vitro America, our flat glass subsidiary in the United States, is facing a challenging environment derived from the economic recession and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States. The real estate and construction market in the U.S. is now being seriously affected by the effects of the sub-prime mortgage market, which is also affecting the economy overall. Credit induced housing has played a very large role in the economy’s expansion that has lifted other sectors of the economy and is in reverse now. Increased foreclosures could generate increased inventory on the housing market which could affect our residential and commercial construction sales, which as of today is still not clear when it will recover. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us—Downturns in the economies in which we operate may negatively affect the demand for our products and our results of operations” and “Item 3. Key Information— Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Economies in Which We Participate—Economic developments in Mexico and the United States affect our business.”
Substantially all of our export sales and most of our domestic sales in Mexico are denominated in or affected by the US dollar, and accordingly, the following discussion of the trends of our business units is based upon a US dollar presentation.
Our Glass Containers business unit performed extremely well in 2007, with a record year in terms of sales, despite constraints on our production from interruptions in the supply of natural gas during July and September 2007. Domestic sales have been driven by increased volumes coupled with a better product mix at most of our business lines. Higher sales in the food and wine & liquor lines compensated for marginal lower sales in the remaining business lines. Export sales continued to benefit from an increase in volumes in food and wine & liquor as well as a better product mix at cosmetics, fragrances and toiletries (“CFT”), soft drinks and wine & liquor business lines.
Our Flat Glass Business unit also performed very well, with increased sales across all our business lines, other than sales from the construction market in the United States. In the automotive business line higher volumes to the AGR market more than offset a reduction in volumes to the OEMs.
The increase in the price of certain of our raw materials, in particular natural gas, continues to negatively affect our cost of goods sold. The average NYMEX natural gas price during 2007 was $7.12 per MMBTU and even though it decreased 2% compared to 2006, it has increased 120% compared with 2003.
Our cost of goods sold is sensitive to the price of natural gas. In recent years, every dollar fluctuation per MMBTU has had an annual impact of approximately $20 million on our cost of goods sold based on our average historical consumption of approximately 1.7 million MMBTUs per month. The NYMEX closing price of natural gas as of June 23, 2008 was $13.20 per MMBTU. We have not been able to raise the prices of our products to fully reflect the increases in our operating costs and therefore our results of operations could be adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information— Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us— We have experienced rising operating costs in our businesses.”
Economic Developments in Mexico and the United States Affect our Business
A substantial portion of our operations are in Mexico and a substantial majority of our consolidated net sales are made in Mexico and the United States. Therefore, economic conditions in Mexico and the United States have a significant effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.
2007 was a year of moderate global economic growth. The economies of Mexico and the United States, our two biggest markets, recorded actual GDP growth in 2007 of 3.3% and 2.2%, respectively, compared with growth of 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively, in 2006. Mexico’s economic growth rate was mainly driven by the increase in oil prices. Analysts, however, continue to view the pace of growth as weak, as economic uncertainties are anticipated due to, among other factors, the economic deceleration in the United States. Over the past few years, Mexico’s rate of inflation has remained low, amounting to 4.1% in 2006 and 3.8% in 2007.

 

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The majority of our manufacturing facilities are located in Mexico. For each of the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, 41%, 43%, and 44%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales resulted from sales to parties located within Mexico.
While helping the country to maintain low levels of inflation and a manageable deficit, the Mexican government’s continued fiscal and monetary policy does not provide the flexibility necessary to support Mexico’s economic improvement. As a result, new investment and growth in aggregate purchasing power have been marginal. Several factors could affect the growth of Mexico’s economy and its industrial sector. These factors include (i) the extent of the U.S. economic recovery and the participation of Mexico’s industrial sector in that recovery and (ii) the Mexican government’s approval and implementation of fiscal and other structural reforms such as the evolution of energy prices, particularly natural gas. In spite of these political and economic dynamics, we will continue to focus on the factors within our control and position ourselves to take full advantage of new market opportunities.
Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, certain information relating to inflation and foreign currency exchange rates:
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Nominal peso devaluation (appreciation) relative to the U.S. dollar (1)
    (4.6%)       1.7%       0.5%  
Mexican inflation (based on changes in INPC) (1)
    3.3%       4.1%       3.8%  
U.S. inflation (based on changes in Consumer Price Index) (2)
    3.5%       2.5%       4.1%  
Inflation differential (Mexican vs. U.S.) (1)(2)(3)
    (0.2%)       1.6%       (0.3%)  
Real peso devaluation (appreciation) relative to the U.S. dollar (4)
    (4.5%)       0.1%       0.8%  
Free Exchange Rate as of year end (1)
  Ps. 10.6344     Ps. 10.8116     Ps. 10.8662  
Mexican GDP growth rate (5)
    3.0%       4.7%       3.3%  
Exchange rate of euro per pesos as of year end (6)
  Ps. 12.5932     Ps. 14.2680     Ps. 15.9526  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Banco de México.
 
(2)  
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 
(3)  
Compounded.
 
(4)  
Peso devaluation (appreciation) in real terms = -((Nominal peso devaluation +1) / (Inflation differential + 1))-1.
 
(5)  
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática.
 
(6)  
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York—Noon Buying Rates as to euro-to-dollar exchange rate and Banco de México as to dollar-to-peso exchange rate.
Effects of Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Operating Margins
Changes in the relative value of the peso to the U.S. dollar have an effect on our results of operations. In general, as described more fully in the following paragraphs, a real devaluation of the peso will likely result in an increase in our operating margins and a real appreciation of the peso will likely result in a decrease in our operating margins, in each case, when measured in pesos. This is because the aggregate amount of our consolidated net sales denominated in or affected by U.S. dollars exceeds the aggregate amount of our cost of goods sold and our selling, general and administrative expenses denominated in or affected by U.S. dollars.
A substantial portion of the sales generated by our Mexican and U.S. subsidiaries are either denominated in or affected by the value of the U.S. dollar. The prices of a significant number of the products we sell in Mexico, in particular those of flat glass for automotive uses and capital goods are linked to the U.S. dollar. In addition, substantially all of our export sales are invoiced in U.S. dollars and subsequently translated into pesos using the exchange rate in effect at the time of the transaction. The translated U.S. dollar sales of our Mexican subsidiaries are then restated into constant pesos using INPC, as of the date of the most recent balance sheet included in those financial statements.

 

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As a result, when the peso devalues in real terms against the U.S. dollar, as was the case in 2003, 2006 and 2007, the same level of U.S. dollar sales as in a prior period will result in higher constant peso revenues in the more recent period. Conversely, when the peso appreciates in real terms against the U.S. dollar, as was the case in 2004 and 2005, the same level of U.S. dollar sales as in a prior period will result in lower constant peso revenues in the more recent period. Moreover, because a material portion of our cost of goods sold, including labor costs, and selling, general and administrative expenses are invoiced in pesos and are not directly affected by the relative value of the peso to the U.S. dollar, the real appreciation or devaluation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar has a significant effect on our operating margins, at least in the short term.
Further, a strong peso relative to the U.S. dollar makes the Mexican market more attractive for importers and competitors that might not otherwise sell in the Mexican market. A strong peso relative to the U.S. dollar also makes those of our products whose prices are denominated in or are affected by the value of the U.S. dollar less competitive or profitable. When the peso appreciates in real terms, with respect to such products, we must either increase our prices in U.S. dollars, which make our products less price-competitive, or bear reduced operating margins when measured in pesos. Given the competitive nature of the industries in which we operate, in the past we have chosen to reduce our operating margins for such products in response to appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the appreciation of the peso in real terms had an adverse effect on our operating margins and, while the peso did not appreciate in the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, it may appreciate again in the future, potentially resulting in an adverse effect on our operating margins. Sales of products manufactured, processed or sold by us outside Mexico (principally by Vitro America, Vitro Packaging, Comegua, and Vitro Cristalglass), as well as such subsidiaries’ expenses, are restated during a financial reporting period by adjusting such amount for the inflation observed in the country in which the subsidiary operates and then translated into pesos at the exchange rate in effect at the end of the period. Since such subsidiaries’ revenues and expenses are generally both earned and incurred in the same currency, the devaluation or appreciation of the peso has a much more limited effect on the operating margins of such subsidiaries. However, profits, as reported in real peso terms, are substantially impacted by the devaluation or appreciation of the peso relative to the appropriate currency.
Effect of Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Total Comprehensive Financing Result
Our total comprehensive financing result includes (i) net interest expense, (ii) the net effect of inflation on our monetary assets and liabilities, (iii) the net effect of changes in nominal foreign currency exchange rates on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and (iv) since 2005, due to the implementation of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities,” gains or losses related to hedging transactions. Net interest expense is calculated as the nominal amount of interest expense incurred by us with respect to our short- and long-term debt and off-balance sheet financings, minus the nominal amount of interest income generated by us with respect to our monetary assets.
Inflation affects our total comprehensive financing result. During periods of inflation, the principal amount of our monetary debt will generally be reduced in real terms by the rate of inflation. The amount of such reduction will result in a gain from monetary position. This gain is offset by the reduction in real terms in the value of the monetary assets we held during such period. Historically, our monetary liabilities have exceeded our monetary assets and, thus, we have tended to experience monetary gains during periods of inflation. Declining levels of inflation in recent years have resulted in lower monetary gains.
Our total comprehensive financing result is also impacted by changes in the nominal value of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency exchange gains or losses included in total financing cost result primarily from the impact of nominal changes in the U.S. dollar-peso exchange rate on our and our Mexican subsidiaries’ U.S. dollar-denominated monetary liabilities (such as dollar-denominated debt and accounts payable arising from imports of raw materials and equipment) and assets (such as dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable from exports). Because our U.S. dollar-denominated liabilities have historically been significantly in excess of our dollar-denominated monetary assets, the devaluation or appreciation of the peso resulted in exchange losses and gains, respectively. Accordingly, in 2006 and 2007, the nominal devaluation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar resulted in foreign currency exchange losses. The nominal appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar resulted in a foreign currency exchange gain in 2005.

 

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Results of Operations
On June 16, 2006, we completed the sale of our 51% equity ownership interest in Vitrocrisa to Libbey, the owner of the remaining 49% equity interest. Vitrocrisa, which was previously presented as one of our reportable segments is presented as discontinued operation as its disposition represents the end of a significant activity of the Company. Accordingly, all financial and operating information relating to Vitrocrisa in this annual report are presented as a discontinued operation.
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, selected items of our consolidated statement of operations calculated as a percentage of our consolidated net sales.
                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Net sales
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of goods sold
    72.3       72.6       70.6  
Gross profit
    27.7       27.4       29.4  
General, administrative and selling expenses
    20.8       19.8       19.9  
Operating income
    6.9       7.6       9.5  
Total comprehensive financing result
    5.6       8.2       5.8  
Net income
    0.9       1.0       0.5  
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, the consolidated net sales, export sales and operating income (before corporate and other eliminations) of each of our business units, as well as the contribution to our consolidated results of operations, in percentage terms, of the consolidated net sales, export sales and operating income (after corporate and other eliminations, and reflecting export sales in U.S. dollars) of each of our business units. The following table does not include the results of discontinued operations. Peso amounts set forth in the following table have been restated in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
                                                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007     2007  
            % of             % of             % of        
    Amount     Total     Amount     Total     Amount     Total     Amount  
    (Ps. millions, except for percentages)     ($ millions) (1)  
Net sales
                                                       
Glass Containers
  Ps. 12,488       47 %   Ps. 14,068       51 %   Ps. 14,676       51 %   $ 1,351  
Flat Glass
    13,704       52 %     13,462       48 %     13,605       48 %     1,252  
Corporate and other eliminations
    375       1 %     346       1 %     310       1 %     28  
 
                                         
Consolidated net sales
  Ps. 26,567       100 %   Ps. 27,876       100 %   Ps. 28,591       100 %   $ 2,631  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    (Ps. millions, except for percentages)     ($ millions) (1)  
Net sales
                                                       
Domestic
  Ps. 10,919       41 %   Ps. 11,875       43 %   Ps. 12,707       44 %   $ 1,169  
Exports
    6,987       26 %     6,384       23 %     6,674       23 %     614  
Foreign Subsidiaries
    8,662       33 %     9,617       34 %     9,210       32 %     848  
 
                                         
 
  Ps. 26,567       100 %   Ps. 27,876       100 %   Ps. 28,591       100 %   $ 2,631  
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    ($millions (2) , except for percentages)        
Net sales
                                                       
Domestic
  $ 916       41 %   $ 1,028       43 %   $ 1,145       45 %        
Exports
    588       27 %     556       23 %     601       23 %        
Foreign Subsidiaries
    708       32 %     817       34 %     814       32 %        
 
                                           
 
  $ 2,212       100 %   $ 2,401       100 %   $ 2,560       100 %        
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    ($millions (2) , except for percentages)        
Export sales
                                                       
Glass Containers
  $ 290       49 %   $ 344       62 %   $ 364       61 %        
Flat Glass
    298       51 %     212       38 %     237       39 %        
 
                                           
Consolidated export sales
  $ 588       100 %   $ 556       100 %   $ 601       100 %        
 
                                         
 
                                                       
    (Ps. millions, except for percentages)     ($ millions) (1)  
Operating income (loss)
                                                       
Glass Containers
  Ps. 1,327       72 %   Ps. 1,853       87 %   Ps. 2,054       76 %   $ 189  
Flat Glass
    514       28 %     418       20 %     782       29 %     72  
Corporate and other eliminations
    (2 )     0 %     (154 )     (7 )%     (132 )     (5 )%     (12 )
 
                                         
Consolidated operating income
  Ps. 1,839       100 %   Ps. 2,117       100 %   Ps. 2,704       100 %   $ 249  
 
                                         
 
     
(1)  
These amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the convenience of the reader, at the rate of 10.8662 pesos per one U.S. dollar, the Free Exchange Rate on December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
Dollar figures reported herein are in nominal dollars resulting from dividing each month’s nominal pesos by that month’s ending exchange rate published by Banco de México.

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales increased 2.6% to Ps. 28,591 million ($2,631 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps. 27,876 million ($2,565 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. During the year ended December 31, 2007, domestic, foreign subsidiaries’, and export sales grew 1.1%, 3.0% and 4.5%, respectively, year-over-year.
Domestic and foreign subsidiary sales increased as a result of improved sales volumes at the Glass Containers and Flat Glass business units. Export sales increased to Ps. 6,674 ($614 million), from Ps. 6,384 ($588 million) mainly due to higher float glass business volumes at the Flat Glass business unit and to higher volumes in the food and wine & liquor business lines at the Glass Containers business unit. Our export sales represented 23.3% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Glass Containers Business Unit
Net sales of our Glass Containers business unit increased 4.7% to Ps. 14,676 million ($1,351 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps. 14,068 million ($1,295 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. The main drivers of this sales increase were strong volumes in the food and wine & liquor business lines, coupled with an improved overall product mix, in the domestic market. This increase in sales was achieved despite the constraints on production from interruptions in the supply of natural gas during July and September 2007.
Export sales grew 2.7% year-over-year due to higher volumes at the food and wine & liquor business lines, reflecting continued strong demand, coupled with a better product mix at the CFT, soft drinks and wine & liquor business lines.
Flat Glass Business Unit
Net sales of our Flat Glass business unit were Ps. 13,605 million ($1,252 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of 1.1% when compared to Ps. 13,462 million ($1,239 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. A decrease in domestic sales of 0.7% year-over-year was mainly driven by lower float glass volumes, which was partially offset by higher automotive sales due to a better product mix coupled with higher volumes.
Export sales increased 7.4% year-over-year mainly due to higher float glass volumes, in line with the company’s strategy of temporarily exporting the additional capacity gained by the purchase of AFG’s 50% stake in Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste (previously Vitro AFG, the float glass manufacturing facility located in Mexicali, Baja California, México). In addition, AGR related sales increased 33% due to higher volumes, which offset a decrease in the OEM market. The available capacity that resulted from the reduction in the OEM export sales was used to supply the AGR market.
Sales from foreign subsidiaries increased 4.5% year-over-year to $677 million from $648 million. Sales at Vitro Cristalglass rose 33%, driven by the stronger demand of more value added products (improved product mix) from the construction market, the appreciation of the euro, and to the new furnace in the La Rozada facility that started operating during the first quarter of 2007. In addition, sales at Vitro Colombia rose 33% due to a better product mix and higher volumes linked to the strong demand from the Venezuelan and Ecuadorian markets. Sales at Vitro America were adversely affected by the anticipated slowdown in demand from the U.S. residential construction market.
Operating Income
Our consolidated operating income increased 14.9% to Ps. 2,704 million ($249 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps. 2,117 million ($195 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, mainly due to increased production volumes that contributed to better fixed cost absorption, which paired with higher productivity and operating efficiencies and lower depreciation due to the increase of the estimated remaining useful lives of certain fixed assets.

 

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Glass Containers Business Unit
Operating income of our Glass Containers business unit increased 10.8% to Ps. 2,054 million ($189 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps. 1,853 million ($171 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was driven by higher sales, improved production efficiencies which optimized fixed costs absorption, better product mix and lower depreciation, which more than offset the temporary constraints on production at certain glass containers facilities in Mexico due to the interruption in natural gas supply caused by incidents that occurred at certain PEMEX gas pipelines.
Flat Glass Business Unit
Operating income of our Flat Glass business unit was Ps. 782 million ($72 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007, an increase of 87.1% when compared to Ps. 418 million ($38 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was due to a better product mix, improved production efficiencies and enhanced fixed-cost absorption as well as the fact that 2006 included significant expenses related to furnace repair and the temporary shut-down of one of our furnaces.
Total Comprehensive Financing Result
Our total comprehensive financing result decreased 27.1% from Ps. 2,276 million ($210 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 to Ps. 1,660 million ($153 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a non-cash foreign-exchange loss of Ps. 94 million ($9 million) during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to a non-cash foreign-exchange loss of Ps. 224 million ($21 million) in the year ended December 31, 2006, resulting from a lower depreciation of the Mexican peso during the year ended December 31, 2007, and more favorable values in our derivative instrument transactions of Ps. 201 million ($19 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to Ps. 337 million ($31 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, and a decrease of 7.6% in interest expense to Ps. 1,694 million ($156 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps. 1,834 million ($169 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Other Expenses (Income), Net
Other expenses (income), net, changed by Ps. 1,098 million ($101 million) to a loss of Ps. 869 million ($80 million) for the year ended December 31, 2007 from a gain of Ps. 229 million ($21 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, mainly due to (i) a gain from the sale of long-lived assets of Ps. 795 million ($73million) in 2006 compared to a loss of Ps. 47 million ($4 million) in 2007; (ii) a gain from the sale of subsidiaries of Ps. 68 million ($6 million) in 2006 compared to a loss of Ps. 11 million ($1 million) in 2007; and (iii) fees and costs of Ps. 488 incurred for the extinguishment of debt associated with our debt restructuring completed during 2007.
Income and Asset Taxes
Income tax and tax on assets for the year ended December 31, 2007 represented an expense of Ps. 44 million ($4 million) compared with an expense of Ps. 228 million ($21 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. The difference was derived mainly from the cancellation of a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset of Ps. 206 million ($19 million) in 2007, as management believes that it is highly probable that such amount will be recoverable.
Net Income
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated consolidated net income of Ps. 131 million ($12 million) compared to a net income of Ps. 291 million ($27 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was mainly due to a gain on sale of discontinued operations of Ps. 480 million ($44 million) in 2006, which compensated for the net loss from continuing operations of Ps. 158 million ($15 million) in the same year, resulting in a net income of Ps. 291 million ($27 million) in 2006. The net income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was Ps. 131 million ($12 million) compared to a net loss from continuing operations of Ps. 158 million ($15 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. This resulted primarily from higher sales, an increase in operating income and a lower total comprehensive financing result which allowed us to offset higher other expenses of Ps. 869 million ($80 million).

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005
Net Sales
Our consolidated net sales increased 5.0% to Ps. 27,876 million ($2,565 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps. 26,567 million ($2,445 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. During the year ended December 31, 2006, domestic and foreign subsidiaries’ sales grew 8.7% and 11.1%, respectively year-over-year, as a result of strong sales volumes at the Flat Glass and Glass Containers business units.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, our consolidated export sales were $556 million (Ps. 6,384 million), a decrease of 5.4% when compared to $588 million (Ps. 6,987 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in exports is mainly due to lower AGR and construction-related sales, as we plan to temporarily exit this export market. Our export sales represented 23.1% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Glass Containers Business Unit
Net sales of our Glass Containers business unit increased 12.6% to Ps. 14,068 million ($1,295 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps. 12,488 million ($1,149 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. Strong volumes across all business lines in the domestic market continued to be the main driver behind the 7.9% increase year-over-year. In particular, sales volume of beverage containers including beer, wine, liquor and CFT were the largest contributors to the increase.
Export sales grew 18.3% year-over-year due to a strong rise in sales volumes at the CFT business line as a result of increased demand in the South American and European markets and larger volumes coupled with an improved price mix at the wine & liquor business line.
Flat Glass Business Unit
Net sales of our Flat Glass business unit were Ps. 13,462 million ($1,239 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, a decrease of 1.8% when compared to Ps. 13,704 million ($1,261 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005, due primarily to a decrease in export sales. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in domestic sales of 14.4% year-over-year, mainly as a result of higher automotive and construction-related sales. In addition, construction-related sales volume increased 12% year-over-year.
Export sales decreased 30.3% year-over-year due to lower AGR and construction-related sales, as we plan to temporarily exit this lower margin export market and focus our efforts on domestic sales. The reduction in AGR export sales was driven by a decrease in volume as capacity was used to supply the OEM market, although this effect was partially offset by an improved product mix. Construction-related export sales decreased as we continued to focus on the Mexican market. Automotive sales decreased 2.1% year-over-year, driven by lower sales volume in the AGR market. This effect was partially offset by the success of current OEM platforms.
Sales from foreign subsidiaries continued an upward trend, increasing 9.8% year-over-year to $648 million from $590 million. Sales at Vitro America rose 2.8% as a result of increased construction-related volumes. Sales at Vitro Colombia rose 1.2% while Vitro Cristalglass’ sales rose 8.3% driven by incremental large-scale contracts coupled with an improved product mix.
Operating Income
Our consolidated operating income increased 15.1% to Ps. 2,117 million ($195 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps. 1,839 million ($169 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005, mainly due to increased sales and production efficiencies in our Glass Containers business unit.
Glass Containers Business Unit
Operating income of our Glass Containers business unit increased 39.5% to Ps. 1,853 million ($171 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps. 1,327 million ($122 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. Growth in operating income was driven by higher sales volume, a better product mix due to unseasonably high demand for glass containers and improved production efficiencies which optimized fixed cost absorption. These factors more than offset higher maintenance costs associated with the utilization of all our furnaces to meet this demand, as well as higher energy costs. Additionally, all furnaces were ignited in the first quarter of 2006, compared to the second quarter of 2005. This had a positive effect on our operating income.

 

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Flat Glass Business Unit
Operating income of our Flat Glass business unit was Ps. 418 million ($38 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, a decrease of 18.7% when compared to Ps. 514 million ($47 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease was due to the temporary shutdown of the furnace located in Mexico City. Higher volumes in domestic construction and value-added automotive OEM products helped offset the decrease. Vitro America and Vitro Cristalglass also continued to generate strong operating income, with increases 36.3% and 53.2%, respectively.
Total Comprehensive Financing Result
Our total comprehensive financing result increased 52% from Ps. 1,500 million ($138 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005 to Ps. 2,276 million ($210 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to a non-cash foreign-exchange loss of Ps. 224 million ($21 million) during the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to a non-cash foreign-exchange gain of Ps. 417 million ($38 million) in the year ended December 31, 2005, resulting from a depreciation of the peso by 1.7% during the year ended December 31, 2006, compared with a 4.6% appreciation in the year ended December 31, 2005. Additionally, an increase in other financial expenses driven mainly by the negative effect of derivative transactions, which increased from a charge of Ps. 17 million ($2 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005 to Ps. 337 million ($31 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006, which more than offset a 9.4% reduction in interest expense.
Other (Income) Expenses, Net
Other expenses, net decreased Ps. 723 million ($67 million) to a gain of Ps. 229 million ($21 million) for the year ended December 31, 2006 from a loss of Ps. 494 million ($46 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005, mainly due to (i) the gain from sale of long-lived assets of Ps. 795 million ($73 million); (ii) the gain from sale of other subsidiaries of Ps. (68) million ($(6) million) (see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Strategic Sale of Non-Core Businesses and Assets.”), compared to a loss of Ps. 137 million ($13 million) in 2005; and (iii) restructuring charges of Ps. 61 million ($6 million) in 2006 compared to Ps. 332 million ($31 million) in 2005. In 2005, we recorded a gain of Ps. (458) million ($42 million) resulting from the designation of Vitro as the sole beneficiary of the Vitro Club assets held in trust. See note 16 of our consolidated financial statements.
Income Tax and Tax on Assets
Income tax, tax on assets and workers’ profit sharing for the year ended December 31, 2006 represented an expense of Ps. 228 million ($21 million) compared with a benefit of Ps. (519) million ($(48) million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. The difference was derived mainly from the recognition of a deferred tax benefit of Ps. 923 million ($85 million) in 2005 resulting from the recognition of the tax basis of the intangible assets of certain foreign subsidiaries subject to repatriation, which was partially offset by the tax effects of a higher foreign-exchange loss in 2006. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2006, a tax loss carryforward was generated by the sale of Vitrocrisa’s shares, which resulted in a deferred tax benefit.
Net Income
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we generated consolidated net income of Ps. 291 million ($27 million) compared to a net income of Ps. 243 million ($22 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005. This resulted primarily from a gain on sale of Ps. 480 million ($44 million) in connection with the sale of our stake in Vitrocrisa in June 2006, other income of Ps. 863 million ($79 million) related to a gain from the sale of subsidiaries and long-lived assets. The effect of these transactions was partially offset by an increase in financing costs due to higher non-cash foreign-exchange losses and by the negative effect of derivative transactions, in addition to an expense of Ps. 283 million ($26 million) related to income tax, tax on assets and workers’ profit sharing for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to a benefit of Ps. 468 million ($43 million) for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling Ps. 1,638 million ($151 million). Our policy is to invest available cash in short-term instruments issued by Mexican and international banks and securities issued by the governments of Mexico and the United States.
Over the past three years, the principal source of our liquidity has generally been cash generated from operations in each of our business units and the sale of certain assets. Our principal uses of cash have generally been for capital expenditure programs, interest payments, debt repayment and dividend payments. The following is a summary of the principal sources and uses of cash for the three years ended December 31, 2007:
Principal Sources and Uses of Cash
                         
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
    (in millions of constant pesos)  
Sources:
                       
Net resources generated by operating activities
  Ps. 2,085     Ps. 1,081     Ps. 1,803  
Issuance of capital stock
            578          
Debt issuance
    8,968       6,374       16,939  
Sale of assets
    201       2,907       109  
 
                       
Uses:
                       
Capital expenditures
    1,107       1,252       2,695  
Debt repayments
    10,780       9,508       14,868  
Dividends declared and paid
    195       161       215  
Changes in Working Capital
Our working capital decreased Ps. 157 million ($14 million) during the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease was principally due to an increase in trade receivables and inventories, which were more than offset by an increase in trade payables and a change in other current assets and liabilities.
Capital Expenditures
We operate in capital-intensive industries and require ongoing investments to update our assets and technology. In prior years, funds for those investments and for working capital needs, joint venture transactions, acquisitions and dividends have been provided by a combination of cash generated from operations, short- and long-term debt and, to a lesser extent, divestitures.
Our capital expenditures program is currently focused on new investments in, technological upgrades to and maintenance of, our manufacturing facilities, as well as expansion of our production capacity. Our capital expenditures program also contemplates the purchase and maintenance of environmental protection equipment required to meet applicable environmental laws and regulations, as such may be in effect from time to time.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we made aggregate capital expenditures of Ps. 2,695 million ($248 million) compared to aggregate capital expenditures of Ps. 1,252 million ($115 million) in the same period in 2006, primarily consisting of capital expenditures for furnace repairs and general maintenance.

 

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During 2008, we expect to make capital expenditures of approximately Ps. 2,695 million ($248 million) as follows:
   
Our Glass Containers Business Unit expects to make capital expenditures of Ps. 2,065 million ($190 million), of which Ps. 1,282 million ($118 million) will be used to provide needed maintenance to certain of our furnaces and to the relocation of the Vidriera Mexico operations to the Vidriera Toluca facility. The remaining Ps. 783 million ($72 million) will be applied to expand production capacity. The production capacity expansion would take place within the Vidriera Monterrey, Vidriera Mexico (in its new location at the Vidriera Toluca premises) and Vidriera Los Reyes facilities.
 
   
Our Flat Glass Business Unit expects to make capital expenditures of Ps. 598 million ($55 million), of which Ps. 348 million ($32 million) will be used by its Mexican subsidiaries, highlighted by the purchase of a new furnace for the Company’s automotive glass operations and the other Ps. 250 million ($23 million) will be used by its foreign subsidiaries.
 
   
Our corporate entities expect to make capital expenditures of approximately Ps. 32 million ($3 million).
The capital expenditures are expected to be financed with cash flows generated by our operations and with current cash on hand. Should we be unable to fund the total amount of our capital expenditures with cash flows from operations, we might defer a portion of such expenditures to future periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, our capital expenditures totaled Ps. 2,695 million ($248 million). Our Glass Containers business unit accounted for 86% of our capital expenditures, which were primarily used for maintenance to certain of our furnaces, for the relocation of our Vidriera Mexico operation to the Vidriera Toluca facility, and for production capacity expansion. The remaining 14% of our capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2007 were incurred by our Flat Glass business unit, mainly for major furnace repairs and production capacity expansion.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, our capital expenditures totaled Ps. 1,252 million ($115 million), an increase of 13% compared with the capital expenditures for the same period in 2005. Capital expenditures during 2006 were made primarily in our Glass Containers and Flat Glass business units. Our Glass Containers business unit accounted for 72% of our total capital expenditures, which were primarily related to major furnace repairs, maintenance and investment in a new glass production line. 28% of our capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2006 were incurred by our Flat Glass business unit, mainly for the refurbishment of one of our furnaces in Monterrey, Mexico and other major furnace repairs.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, our capital expenditures totaled Ps. 1,107 million ($102 million). Capital expenditures during 2005 were incurred primarily in our Glass Containers and Flat Glass business units. Our Glass containers business unit accounted 56% of out total capital expenditures, which primarily related to the maintenance in both its Mexican and Central American facilities and a partial investment for a major furnace repair initiated towards the end of 2005. Approximately 42% of our capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2005 were incurred by our Flat Glass business unit, which primarily related to the refurbishment of one of our furnaces in Monterrey, Mexico (finished in mid-May 2006), as well as the acquisition of tools and equipment to serve the new platform for the OEM auto-glass business line.
Genesis Project
Through the end of 2007, we have invested approximately Ps. 423 million ($39 million) related to the implementation of the Genesis Project. During 2008, we expect to invest approximately Ps. 163 million ($15 million). The majority of the cost of the Genesis Project is being capitalized and will be amortized over the expected useful life of the asset. See “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—Genesis Project.”
Financing Transactions
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we refinanced substantially all of our consolidated indebtedness. The refinancing transformed the Company’s capital structure by concentrating the indebtedness at a single entity and eliminating structural subordination. Additionally the refinancing reduced the cost of debt and extended debt maturities to an average life of debt of nearly eight years. See “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—New Perspectives.”

 

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Indebtedness
The following table sets forth the aggregate amounts of our outstanding short-term and long-term debt as of December 31, 2007.
                 
    As of December 31, 2007  
    (Ps. millions)     ($ millions) (1)  
Short-term debt (2)(3)
  Ps. 943     $ 87  
Long-term debt (4)(5)
    13,975       1,286  
 
     
(1)  
Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the convenience of the reader, at a rate of 10.8662 pesos per U.S. dollar, the Free Exchange Rate on December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
Includes the current portion of our long-term debt, which was Ps. 545 million ($50 million) as of December 31, 2007.
 
(3)  
58% and 24% of the aggregate amount of our short-term debt as of December 31, 2007 was denominated in U.S. dollars and euros, respectively. Includes the current portion of our long-term debt.
 
(4)  
Excludes the current portion of our long-term debt. If the current portion of our long-term debt were included, the aggregate amount of outstanding long-term debt as of December 31, 2007 would be Ps. 14,520 million ($1,336 million).
 
(5)  
99% and 1% of the aggregate amount of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2007 was denominated in U.S. dollars and pesos, respectively. Excludes the current portion of our long-term debt. As of March 31, 2008, we have entered into swap arrangements under which all interest payments, until 2012, on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a variable peso rate and interest payments on another $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a fixed peso rate. In the ordinary course of business, we also enter into currency swap and option agreements to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variations.
Short-Term Debt
Our short-term debt consists primarily of unsecured and secured borrowing arrangements with foreign banks denominated in U.S. dollars and euros. We engage, from time to time, in the ordinary course of business, in a number and variety of short-term loan arrangements with a number of Mexican and foreign banks. Such loans generally have a maturity ranging from 30 to 180 days and have interest rates ranging from 1.5% to 2.0% above LIBOR, for the U.S. dollar-denominated loans, from 0.5% to 2% above Euribor for our euro-denominated loans, and 2.05% above TIIE and floating market rates for the peso-denominated loans.
Long-Term Debt
As of December 31, 2007, we had Ps. 14,520 million ($1,336 million) of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt.

 

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The following is a brief summary of our significant long-term indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2007. For further description of our long-term indebtedness, refer to note 10 to our annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report:
             
    Outstanding        
    Principal       Final
    Amount as of       Amortization/
Facility   December 31, 2007   Interest Rate and Payment Dates   Maturity
 
2012 Senior Notes
           
Issuer: Vitro
  $300.0 million   Interest Rate: 8.625% per   February 1, 2012
 
     
annum.
   
 
           
Guarantors: Wholly owned
      Interest Payment Dates:    
subsidiaries of Vitro,
     
Semiannually on August 1 and
   
VENA and Viméxico
     
February 1 of each year.
   
 
           
2017 Senior Notes
           
Issuer: Vitro
  $700.0 million   Interest Rate: 9.125% per   February 1, 2017
 
     
annum.
   
 
           
Guarantors: Wholly owned
      Interest Payment Dates:    
subsidiaries of Vitro,
     
Semiannually on August 1 and
   
VENA and Viméxico
     
February 1 of each year.
   
 
           
2013 Senior Notes
           
Issuer: Vitro
  $225 million   Interest Rate: 11.75% per   November 1, 2013
 
     
annum.
   
 
           
Guarantors: Wholly owned
      Interest Payment Dates:    
subsidiaries of Vitro,
     
Semiannually on May 1 and
   
VENA and Viméxico
     
November 1 of each year.
   
 
           
Certificados Bursatiles
  Tranche A:   Interest Rate : Cetes + 3.25%   Tranche A:
Issuer: Vitro
  Ps. 10 million   Interest Payment Dates : Every   October 2, 2008
 
  ($0.9 million)  
28 th day from October 7, 2004
  Tranche B:
  Tranche B:  
(Tranche A), from November 1,
  December 22, 2008
 
  Ps. 206 million  
2004 (Tranche B), and from
  Tranche C:
 
  ($18.9 million)  
October 21, 2004 (Tranche C).
  February 5, 2009
 
  Tranche C:      
 
  Ps. 150 million      
 
  ($13.8 million)      

 

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Below is a summary of the terms of the foregoing facilities or securities.
2012 Senior Notes and 2017 Senior Notes. On February 1, 2007 we completed the offering of $1.0 billion of Senior Notes, comprised of $300 million of 2012 Senior Notes and $700 million of 2017 Senior Notes. The 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of Vitro. The indenture governing the 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes contains certain customary restrictive covenants, including restrictions on the ability of Vitro and certain of its subsidiaries to (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) pay dividends and make other restricted payments, (iii) grant certain liens on assets, (iv) make certain investments, (v) engage in transactions with affiliates and (vi) take part in certain merger, consolidation and asset sale activities. Through the issuance of the 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes, we achieved more favorable terms and conditions in our overall debt, including reduced interest rates, longer average maturity, long-term funds and a lower cost of capital. The 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes will pay interest semiannually and are guaranteed by VENA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and Viméxico and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Notes offering was made originally to qualified institutional buyers in the United States in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and to non-U.S. persons outside the United States in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933.
On August 6, 2007, the SEC declared effective the registration of the offer to exchange the 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes for an issue of SEC-registered notes with terms substantially identical to the 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes, as applicable (except that the exchange notes are not subject to transfer restrictions).
2013 Senior Notes . On October 22, 2003, Vitro completed an offering of $225 million aggregate principal amount of 2013 Senior Notes. The 2013 Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations of Vitro. The indenture governing the 2013 Senior Notes contains certain customary restrictive covenants, including restrictions on the ability of Vitro and certain of its subsidiaries to (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) pay dividends and make other restricted payments, (iii) grant certain liens on assets, (iv) make certain investments, (v) engage in transactions with affiliates and (vi) take part in certain merger, consolidation and asset sale activities. Upon issuance of the 2012 Senior Notes and 2017 Senior Notes mentioned above, the holders of the 2013 Senior Notes have been extended the benefit of to a guarantee by the subsidiary guarantors substantially similar to the guarantee provided with respect to the 2012 Senior Notes and the 2017 Senior Notes.
Certificados Bursátiles . On October 10, 2002, we issued Certificados Bursátiles or medium-term notes program under which we were able to issue up to an aggregate principal amount of Ps. 2.5 billion. The Certificados Bursátiles bear an annual floating interest rate of 3.25% over the 182-day CETES. The Certificados Bursátiles are senior unsecured obligations of Vitro and do not impose restrictive covenants on us. As of December 31, 2007, the total amount outstanding for this program was Ps. 366 million ($34 million).
Other Restrictions on Dividend Payments
Pursuant to article 20 of the Mexican Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (the “Mexican General Law of Corporations”), 5% of the annual net income of Mexican corporations must be set aside to create or increase a mandatory legal reserve until such reserve amounts to not less than 20% of such corporation’s outstanding equity capital. Thereafter, a majority of our shares present at such annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting may allocate all or a portion of the remainder of our net income to a reserve fund for the purchase of our shares or other reserve funds.
Certain of the instruments governing our indebtedness, under certain circumstances, restrict our ability to pay dividends. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness.”
In addition to the foregoing restriction, our joint venture in Comegua requires the consent of our joint venture partners for the payment of dividends.
Strategic Sales of Non-Core Assets
From 2001 to 2006, we have received aggregate gross proceeds in U.S. dollars of approximately $560 million from divestitures and asset sales (without including debt transferred to the acquirers). See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Strategic Sales of Non-Core Businesses and Assets” for a description of certain of these transactions. These transactions provided a source of cash that were used primarily to reduce our level of debt.
Share Repurchases and Sales
As of December 31, 2007, 28,352,169 of our shares are held as treasury stock.

 

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PBGC Matter
As part of the disposal of Anchor Glass Container Corp. (“Anchor”) in August 1996, in a transaction approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, we entered into a term sheet which contemplated an agreement pursuant to which we would provide to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”), a United States governmental agency that guarantees pensions, a limited guaranty of Anchor’s unfunded pension liability. No payments would be made under such a guaranty unless the PBGC terminated any of the covered pension plans, and the guaranty would be payable only to the extent the PBGC could not otherwise recover the unfunded liabilities from the entity that purchased Anchor’s assets, which we refer to as “New Anchor.” The amount of the guaranty was originally limited to $70 million. Under the guaranty, payments would not begin until August 1, 2002, and would then generally be payable in equal semi-annual installments over the following 10 years. Payments would not bear interest. The amount and the term of the guaranty would be proportionately reduced if the pension plans were terminated after January 31, 2002. Beginning February 2002, the guaranty would be reduced by $7 million semiannually until August 1, 2006, when the guaranty would expire if the plans did not terminate.
On April 15, 2002, New Anchor filed a pre-negotiated plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. On August 8, 2002, an amended plan of reorganization was confirmed, pursuant to which the plan resulting from the merger of the covered pension plans was terminated and the obligations thereunder were assumed by the PBGC in exchange for cash, securities and a commitment of reorganized New Anchor to make certain future payments.
On June 20, 2003, the PBGC wrote to us, asserting that the plan had been terminated effective as of July 31, 2002, with an estimated unfunded liability of $219 million. The PBGC stated that the value of the recovery from New Anchor and reorganized New Anchor amounts to no more than $122.25 million; it alleged that the recovery that it secured in the bankruptcy was insufficient and that an underfunding in excess of our limited guaranty had occurred. Accordingly, in its letter, the PBGC demanded payments pursuant to the term sheet of $7 million on or before August 1, 2003 and of $3.5 million semiannually through August 1, 2011. We intend to contest this liability. There are various issues concerning such demand and certain defenses that may be asserted by us. Management is currently evaluating these issues and defenses. At this point, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amounts that will ultimately be payable in response to such demand. When management is able to reasonably estimate those amounts, we will establish an appropriate accounting reserve. As of this date, we have not established any reserves in connection with such potential liability.
Energy
Certain of our subsidiaries agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 90 megawatts of electrical power and 1.3 million tons of steam per year pursuant to a 15-year “take-or-pay” power purchase agreement with Tractebel Energía. This contract began in April 2003 and the price at which we are required to purchase electrical power and steam is based on variables such as inflation, the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate and the price of natural gas, whose future value is uncertain.
Call/Put on Shares of Vitro Cristalglass
A group of individual investors owns a 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass. The Company has the option of purchasing the 40% minority interest, which can be exercised beginning May 1, 2005 for fair value as calculated by independent appraisers and cannot be less than 28.9 million euros ($42.4 million as of December 31, 2007). Additionally, the minority interest has a put option pursuant to which they may require the Company to purchase all or part of their 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass, which can be exercised beginning on May 1, 2003 for 28.4 million euros ($41.8 million as of December 31, 2007), as adjusted to reflect inflation in Spain from 2003 through the time the put is exercised. As of December 31, 2007, the estimated fair value of the 40% interest is higher than the option price held by Vitro.

 

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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Sales of receivables
Vitro Cristalglass, a subsidiary of the Company, has entered into revolving factoring program agreements to sell trade accounts receivable with several financial institutions. In accordance with the terms of some of these agreements, the Company has the obligation to reimburse for uncollected receivables in the case of non-payment of customers. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007 the maximum capacity available under these programs was $35 million and $45 million, respectively. At such dates Vitro Cristalglass had sold approximately $21 million and $16 million of trade receivables, respectively.
Securitization of trade receivables
Securitization of VENA trade receivables: On March 31, 2005, Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V. and Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., all subsidiaries of VENA, closed a five-year revolving accounts receivable facility, through which such companies obtained approximately Ps. 550 million (nominal amount) and $19 million. The VENA subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell all of their trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to a trust (the “Trust”, a qualifying special purpose entity) that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. The Ps. 550 million (nominal amount) was obtained through the issuance of certified preferred securities ( certificados bursátiles preferentes ) that trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange (“BMV”) issued by the Trust, and $19 million in subordinated notes issued in United States of America, which are guaranteed by the Company. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement on the certificados bursátiles preferentes and the subordinated notes are payable from the collection of the receivables originated by the VENA subsidiaries and sold to the Trust. At December 31, 2006 and 2007 the gross receivables sold to the Trust totaled Ps. 1,074 million and Ps. 1,075 million, respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 529 million and Ps. 312 million, respectively.
Securitization of Viméxico (formerly Vitro Plan) trade receivables: On August 22, 2005, Dinavisa VFC, Vidrio y Cristal and VAU, all subsidiaries of Viméxico, closed a five year revolving accounts receivable facility through which such companies obtained $21.5 million. The Viméxico subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell all of their trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to a Mexican trust that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. The $21.5 million was obtained through a private issuance of notes in the United States at an interest rate of 6.46%. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement will be provided from the collection of the receivables originated by such subsidiaries. At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold to the trust totaled Ps. 574 million and Ps. 580 million, respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 332 million and Ps. 346 million, respectively.
During 2004, Vitro America closed a contract for selling all its accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to VVP Funding, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro America. VVP Funding is a special-purpose entity that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. VVP Funding entered an agreement with an unrelated major financial institution whereby VVP Funding sells, on a revolving basis and subject to the maintenance of certain financial and receivables-based ratios, an undivided percentage ownership in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined, for consideration composed of cash up to a maximum account of $40 million and retained undivided interests in securitized receivables. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from VVP Funding to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables. Effective as of April 16, 2007, the new agreement was signed and amended to increase the maximum selling amount from $40 million to $50 million. The agreement was renewed in April 17, 2008 and will expire in April 13, 2013. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold totaled approximately $78 million and $76 million, respectively and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was $32 million and $29 million, respectively.

 

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TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table sets forth a summary of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments, in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
                                         
            Less than                     More than  
Contractual Obligations   Total     1 year     1-3 years     3-5 years     5 years  
    (Ps. millions)  
 
                                       
Short- and long-term debt (1)(2) (3)
  Ps. 23,706     Ps. 2,320     Ps. 2,972     Ps. 5,382     Ps. 13,031  
Operating leases (4)
    1,383       365       600       286       132  
Unconditional purchase obligations (5)
    0       0       0       0       0  
Other long-term obligations (6)
    2,641       298       621       511       1,211  
 
                             
Total contractual obligations
  Ps. 27,730     Ps. 2,983     Ps. 4,193     Ps. 6,179     Ps. 14,374  
 
                             
 
     
(1)  
For a description of our most recent financing transactions, see “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—New Perspectives” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness.”
 
(2)  
Includes scheduled interest payments with fixed and variable rates. For our variable interest rate debt, we utilized the rates in effect as of December 31, 2007, as disclosed in note 10 of our consolidated financial statements when estimating the scheduled interest payments.
 
(3)  
Includes Ps. 91 million of capital lease obligations.
 
(4)  
The amounts set forth above under “Operating leases” include mainly payments that will be made under leases relating to two airplanes, warehouses, forklifts and computer equipment.
 
(5)  
Certain of our subsidiaries agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 90 megawatts of electrical power and 1.3 million tons of steam per year pursuant to a 15-year “take-or-pay” power purchase agreement with Tractebel Energía. This contract began in April 2003 and the price at which we are required to purchase electrical power and steam is based on variables such as inflation, the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate and the price of natural gas, whose future value is uncertain.
 
(6)  
Expected benefit payments regarding the company pension plans, seniority premium and severance indemnities.

 

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ACCOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with Mexican FRS. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on the available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented and the related disclosures. The significant accounting policies that we believe are the most sensitive to such estimates and relevant to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial statements are the following:
Trade Receivables
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and the customer’s current creditworthiness, as determined by our review of their current credit information. We continually monitor collections and payments from customers and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. A significant change in our experience of credit losses could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial position.
Contingencies
Contingencies, by their nature, relate to uncertainties that require management to exercise judgment both in assessing the likelihood that a liability has been incurred as well as in estimating the amount of potential loss. Provisions are recognized for current obligations that (i) result from a past event, (ii) are probable to result in the use of economic resources, and (iii) can be reasonably estimated. We believe the amounts recorded or disclosed in our financial statements are based on the best estimates and judgments of management. However, actual outcomes could differ from our estimates. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—PBGC Matter.”
Financial Instruments
Effective January 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities,” of Mexican FRS, which requires that all derivative instruments be recognized at fair value, sets the rules to recognize hedging activities and requires separation, if practical, of embedded derivative instruments. With respect to cash flow hedging, Bulletin C-10 establishes that the effective portion be recognized temporarily in other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity, with subsequent reclassification to current earnings at the time it is affected by the hedged item. The ineffective portion should be immediately recognized in current earnings. Through December 31, 2004, according to accounting standards effective at that moment (Bulletin C-2, “Financial Instruments” of Mexican FRS), the Company did not recognize the effect of hedging derivatives under financial expenses until the flow exchanges mentioned in the swap contract were actually executed. Prior to the implementation of Bulletin C-10, financial instruments for hedging purposes were valued using the same criteria of valuation of the underlying assets or liabilities hedged, and the effect of such valuation is recognized in net income, net of costs, expenses or income from the assets or liabilities whose risks are being hedged.
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies that require considerable judgment in interpreting and developing estimates. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material adverse effect on the estimated fair value amounts. See “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Seniority Premiums and Pension Plans
Seniority premiums and pension plans for all personnel are considered as costs in the periods in which the related services are rendered. Periodic costs are calculated in accordance with Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations,” of Mexican FRS and the actuarial computations are made by an independent actuary, based on estimates of future compensation increases, inflation, investment returns, mortality, turnover and expected discount rates well into the future. While we have made such estimates based on published tables and current market conditions, significant variance in actual experience compared to our estimates could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

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The table below presents the impact of a one-percentage-point increase and a one-percentage-point decrease in the assumed discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets on the net periodic pension cost and on the net pension liability for the year ended December 31, 2007:
         
    For the  
    Year Ended  
    December 31, 2007  
    (Ps. millions)  
One-percentage-point increase in assumed discount rate
       
+ Effect on total net periodic cost
  Ps. 4  
+ Effect on net pension liability
    (218 )
One-percentage-point decrease in assumed discount rate
       
+ Effect on total net periodic cost
    (1 )
+ Effect on net pension liability
    259  
One-percentage-point increase in expected rate of return on plan assets
       
+ Effect on total net periodic cost
    (12 )
+ Effect on net pension liability
     
One-percentage-point decrease in expected rate of return on plan assets
       
+ Effect on total net periodic cost
    12  
+ Effect on net pension liability
     
Environmental Obligations
Our operations are subject to the environmental laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations. An environmental reserve is recorded to cover the costs of expected environmental obligations when we become aware that an expenditure may be required. We estimate the cost for the environmental obligations based on historical experience, results of monitoring and the known extent of exposure. We do not believe that continued compliance with these environmental laws will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. However, a significant change in laws, the discovery of previously unknown contamination and other factors beyond our control could result in expenditures that are materially greater than currently estimated or the reserves we have recorded.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, goodwill, intangible assets and certain other assets, comprise a significant portion of our total assets. We make judgments and estimate the carrying value of these assets, including amounts to be capitalized, depreciation and amortization methods and useful lives. Additionally, the carrying values of these assets are periodically reviewed for impairment or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded in the period in which it is determined that the carrying amount is not recoverable. This requires us to make long-term forecasts of our future revenues and costs relating to the assets under review. These forecasts require assumptions about demand for our products, future market conditions and technological developments. Significant and unanticipated changes to these assumptions could result in a determination that the value of these long-lived assets has been impaired in a future period.
Certain material events or circumstances may indicate that carrying amounts of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. Our policy is to review the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in use when an impairment indicator suggests that such amounts might not be recoverable. The impairment indicators considered for these purposes are, among others, as follows: operating losses or negative cash flows in the period if they are combined with a projection of losses, reduction in the demand for the products manufactured, competition, capacity utilization reduction, obsolescence or technological changes, decrease of market value of assets and other legal and economic factors.

 

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Recoverability of Deferred Tax Assets
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is highly probable that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the appropriate character. Management considers the scheduled reversal of taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies that we believe will generate sufficient taxable income in future years that will allow us to recover our deferred tax assets.
Beginning in October 2007, based on our financial projections, we are required to determine whether our subsidiaries will essentially incur income tax (“ISR”) or the new Business Flat Tax (“IETU”) and, accordingly, recognize deferred taxes based on the tax we will pay. Deferred taxes are calculated by applying the corresponding tax rate to the applicable temporary differences resulting from comparing the accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and including, if any, future benefits from tax loss carryforwards and certain tax credits.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Mexican FRS
For a discussion of the new accounting pronouncements under Mexican FRS please refer to note 22 to our consolidated financial statements.
In addition, subsequent to the issuance of our Mexican FRS financial statements the following Mexican FRS Interpretation of Financial Reporting Standards (“INIF”) was issued:
INIF 9, Presentation of Comparative Financial Statements Prepared under NIF B-10 - INIF 9 states that financial data for 2008 must be presented in nominal pesos while previous periods must be expressed in constant pesos as of December 31, 2007. As a result, financial data for the year ended December 31, 2008 will be a combination of nominal pesos (for the twelve months of 2008) and constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
U.S. GAAP
For a discussion of the new accounting pronouncements under U.S. GAAP please refer to note 24 q) 15 to our consolidated financial statements.

 

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
In 1998, we formed a technology council to coordinate Vitro’s research and development strategy with the goal of creating synergies between our business units and create Vitro’s proprietary technology for use by our business units.
In addition, in 2001 we incorporated several of our Mexican subsidiaries owning some of the intellectual property used by our Flat Glass and Glass Containers business units in Switzerland. These Swiss subsidiaries also conduct research and development jointly with our Mexican subsidiaries and our technology council license technology to our Mexican operating subsidiaries. In January 2008, the intellectual property of Flat Glass and Glass Containers from Switzerland was returned to the corresponding Mexican subsidiaries, and the only intellectual property that our business units used in common remains in Switzerland.
Our Flat Glass business unit uses both its own technology, some of which has been patented, and also benefits significantly from the technology and technical information acquired from certain of our joint venture partners through technology licensing arrangements with them, which have since expired. In particular, the expired technology license agreement with Pilkington provided us with state-of-the-art float glass technology. We have negotiated an extended patent license for the remaining life of the patents we use from Pilkington. As we notified Pilkington in September 2005, the Automotive Technical Assistance Agreement was terminated effective as of September 2006.
Our Glass Containers business unit also uses both its own technology, some of which has been patented, and also technology provided by Owens-Illinois pursuant to a series of technical assistance agreements, which have since expired. These technical assistance agreements were effective from 1964 to September 1999. Under the terms of these technical assistance agreements, we continue to have the right to free use of the technology provided to us by Owens-Illinois during the effective period of these agreements. We have an extended patent license for the remaining life of the patents we use from Owens. However, we do not currently have any rights to the technology developed by Owens-Illinois after September 1999.
We own a number of trademarks and patents which, in the aggregate, are important to the conduct of our business. Except for our “Vitro” trademark, none of these trademarks and patents is individually material to our business as a whole.
We did not have any material expenditures related to research activities since 2004 up to the second quarter of 2006. Beginning in April 2006 to date, expenditures have been made for research and development of key technologies for common use of our business units, resulting in new process and machinery concepts which have given rise to new intellectual property for the benefit of our business units.
One of our subsidiaries conducted a portion of its business through joint ventures or technology alliances with non-Mexican partners, which also licensed technology, trademarks and trade names to our subsidiaries for use in the manufacture and sale of various flat glass products, under the believe that these joint ventures, alliances and license arrangements could provide us with important competitive advantages. However, such alliance terminated in July 2007 and we cannot be certain that these ex-partners will not choose to conduct business directly in Mexico because of the termination of their relationship with us. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in renewing any joint venture, technical assistance, license or other agreements or arrangements upon their expiration, in renewing these agreements on terms as favorable as the present ones, in forming similar alliances with other partners or in developing equivalent technologies independently. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Our Operating Business Units.”

 

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Unless the context otherwise requires, in the sections entitled “Directors and Senior Management,” “Board Practices” and “Share of Ownership” of this Item 6, the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and not its consolidated subsidiaries.
Directors
The following information relates to our directors ( consejeros ). There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any of them was elected as a director.
Our Board of Directors is responsible for the management of our business. Our by-laws provide that our Board of Directors will consist of the number of directors determined by our shareholders at the annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, up to a maximum of 21 members, and that each member of our Board of Directors shall be elected at such shareholders’ meeting for a renewable term of one year. Each director shall serve until his or her successor is duly elected and takes office. At our general ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 17, 2008, our shareholders resolved that our Board of Directors would consist of 16 directors. We have no alternate directors.
A list of our current directors, their principal occupations and directorships, the year they first became a director and the year of their birth are set forth below.
                     
        First    
        Became   Year of
Name   Principal Occupation   a Director   Birth
Adrián Sada Treviño
  Director and Honorary Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.     1969       1920  
 
                   
Adrián Sada González
  Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.     1984       1944  
 
                   
Federico Sada González
  President and Chief Executive Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.     1982       1949  
 
                   
Tomás González Sada
  Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Cydsa, S.A.B. de C.V.     1980       1943  
 
                   
Andrés Yarte Cantú
  Chief Executive Officer of Distribuidora de Productos Cerámicos, S.A.     1991       1941  
 
                   
Gustavo Madero Muñoz*
  Federal Congressman (Senator), Mexican Congress     1996       1955  
 
                   
Carlos Eduardo Represas de Almeida*
  Chairman of the Board of Directors of Nestlé México S.A. de C.V.     1998       1945  
 
                   
Jaime Serra Puche*
  Founder, SAI-Consultores, S.C.     1998       1951  
 
                   
Carlos Muñoz Olea*
  Private Investor     2000       1955  
 
                   
Joaquín Vargas Guajardo*
  Chairman of the Board of Directors of Grupo MVS Comunicaciones, S.A. de C.V.     2000       1954  
 
                   
Alejandro Garza Lagüera*
  President of Desarrollo Inmobiliario Omega, S.A. de C.V.     2001       1926  
 
                   
Jaime Rico Garza
  President and Chief Executive Officer of Vitro Europa, Ltd.     2008       1957  
 
                   
Manuel Güemez de la Vega*
  Chairman of the Board of Regio Empresas and Grupo PREZ     2006       1942  
 
                   
Julio Escamez Ferreiro
  Member of the Board of Directors of Consorcio Industrial de Manufacturas, S.A.     2006       1934  
 
                   
Carlos Bremer Gutierrez*
  President and CEO of Value Grupo Financiero, S.A. de C.V.     2007       1960  
 
                   
Ricardo Martin Bringas*
  President and CEO of Organización Soriana     2007       1960  
 
     
*  
Independent non-management directors.

 

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The directors listed above were elected by our shareholders at the general ordinary shareholders’ meeting held April 17, 2008. Mexican securities law requires that at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors be independent. Vitro’s Board of Directors is comprised of approximately 56.2% independent directors as of April 17, 2008. The directors receive directors’ fees of three Centenarios , which are 37.5-gram gold coins, or its equivalent monetary value, per each meeting of our Board of Directors they attend and three Centenarios , or its equivalent monetary value, per each meeting of a committee of our Board of Directors they attend, except for the members of the Audit Committee who receive five Centenarios , or its equivalent monetary value, per each meeting of such committee they attend plus a monthly fee of Ps. 15,000.
The following are brief descriptions of the current occupations and biographical information of each of our directors:
Adrián Sada Treviño, Member and Honorary Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.:
Mr. Sada is Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Fundación Martínez Sada.
Adrián Sada González, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vitro:
Mr. Sada is a member of the Boards of Directors of Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V., Cydsa, S.A.B. de C.V., Regio Empresas, S.A. de C.V., the Latin American Executive Board for the Wharton School of Finance, the Mexican Businessmen Council and the Consejo de Industriales de Nuevo León. Mr. Sada is also President of our Finance and Planning Committee.
Federico Sada González, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vitro:
Mr. Sada is currently a member of the Boards of Directors of the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Regio Empresas, S.A. de C.V. and The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center. Mr. Sada is the former Chairman of the Mexican Council for Foreign Trade. He serves as the Chairman of the Council of the National Museum of History and as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Chipinque Ecological Park Foundation. Mr. Sada is also a member of International Business Council of the World Economic Forum.
Tomás González Sada, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Cydsa, S.A.B. de C.V.:
Mr. González is the Vice-President of the Mexican Institute of Competitiveness, the Treasurer of the Fundación Martínez Sada, a member of the Boards of Directors of Regio Empresas, S.A. de C.V. and the Mexican Businessmen Council and Honorary Consul-General of Japan in Monterrey, Mexico.
Andrés Yarte Cantú, Chief Executive Officer of Distribuidora de Productos Cerámicos, S.A.:
Mr. Yarte is Chairman of the Boards of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Distribuidora de Productos Cerámicos, S.A. and K-Inver, S.A.
Gustavo Madero Muñoz, Federal Congressman (Senator), Mexican Congress:
Mr. Madero serves as a Representative in the Mexican Congress and is the Chairman of the Tax and Finance Committee of the Mexican Congress. He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hermanos Madero. Mr. Madero is also the President of our Audit Committee.
Carlos Eduardo Represas de Almeida, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Nestlé México S.A. de C.V.:
Mr. Represas is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Nestlé México, S.A. de C.V., a member of the Boards of Directors of Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream Holdings, Inc. and Bombardier, Inc., a member of the Advisory Council of the Global Business Policy Council and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Genomic Medicine of Mexico. He is also President of the Mexico Chapter of the Latin American Chamber of Commerce in Switzerland, member of the Boards of the Mexican Health Foundation and the Latin America Business Council (CEAL), Executive Vice President (Vevey, Switzerland) and President of the Americas of Nestlé, S.A. (1994-2004).

 

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Jaime Serra Puche, Founder, SAI-Consultores, S.C.:
Mr. Serra is President of SAI-Consultores, S.C.; founder of Aklara (Electronic auctions), Centro de Arbitraje de Mexico (CAM), and Mexico NAFTA Fund (Private Capital Fund); Member of the Boards of Chiquita Brands International, Fondo México, Tenarias and Grupo Modelo; Mexico’s Secretary of Finance (1994), Secretary of Trade and Industry (1988-1994), and Undersecretary of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance (1986-1988); Co-chair of the President’s Council on International Activities of Yale University; and Member of the Trilateral Commission and the US-Mexico Bilateral Council.
Carlos Muñoz Olea, Private Investor:
Mr. Muñoz is Vice-President of Fomento Bursátil, Super Mart and Holding Fibsa. In addition, he is a member of the Board of Directors of Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Chihuahua Campus and Banco Nacional de México (“Banamex”) (northern zone).
Joaquín Vargas Guajardo, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Grupo MVS Comunicaciones, S.A. de C.V.:
Mr. Vargas is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Corporación Mexicana de Restaurantes, S.A. de C.V. In addition, he is a member of the Boards of Directors of Grupo Costamex, S.A. de C.V., Grupo Posadas and Médica Sur; and is a member of the Mexican Businessman Council.
Alejandro Garza Lagüera, Member of the Executive Committee of Desarrollo Inmobiliario Omega:
Mr. Garza is President of Desarrollo Inmobiliario Omega and a member of the Board of Directors of Cydsa, S.A.B. de C.V., Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey and the Centro de Estudios de Economía y Educación. In addition, he is a member of the Latin American Board of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and the Joseph H. Lauder Institute of the University of Pennsylvania.
Jaime Rico, President and CEO of Vitro Europa, Ltd.:
Mr. Rico has been Chairman of the Board of IP Vidrio y Cristal, Ltd. and Vitro Global, Ltd. and member of the Board of Directors of Vitro Cristalglass, S.L. Mr. Rico is the President and CEO of Vitro Europa, Ltd.
Manuel Güemez de la Vega, Chairman of the Board of Regio Empresas and Grupo PREZ:
Mr. Güemez is Chairman of the Board of Regio Empresas, S.A. de C.V. and Grupo PREZ and member of the Board of Directors of Grupo de Seguridad Integral and alternate director of Gruma. Mr. Güemez is also President of our Corporate Practices Committee.
Julio Escamez Ferreiro, Member of the Board of Directors of Consorcio Industrial de Manufacturas, S.A.:
Mr. Escamez is a member of the board of directors of Consorcio Industrial de Manufacturas, S.A.
Carlos Bremer Gutierrez, President and CEO of Value Grupo Financiero:
Mr. Bremer is the Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Board of Directors of Value Grupo Financiero, S.A. de C.V. and its subsidiaries, on which he has served for over 13 years. Mr. Bremer served as Director of Operations and Marketing at Abaco Casa de Bolsa, S.A. de C.V., as Director of Operations and Marketing at Operadora de Bolsa, S. A. de C.V. and as Director of Operations at Casa de Bolsa Banpaís, S.A.
Ricardo Martin Bringas, CEO of Organización Soriana:
Mr. Martin has held executive positions in the management and finance departments of several companies, such as Organización Soriana, S.A.B. de C.V., La Ciudad de París and Restaurantes Martin’s. Mr. Martin is currently the Chief Executive Officer of Organización Soriana and member of the Board of Directors of HSBC México, S.A. de C.V., Grupo Financiero Banamex, S.A. de C.V., Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V., Banco Mercantil del Norte, S.A. de C.V., Asociación Nacional de Tiendas de Autoservicio y Departamentales (ANTAD), Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Consejo Mexicano de Hombres de Negocios, Grupo de Empresarios de Nuevo León and Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

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Secretary and Surveillance
On April 17, 2008, our shareholders at the General Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting reelected our General Counsel Alejandro Sánchez Mújica as the Secretary of our Board of Directors. According to the Ley del Mercado de Valores , which we refer to as the “Mexican Law of the Securities Market” our Secretary is not a member of the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors, through the Audit and Corporate Practices Committees as well as the external auditor, conducts surveillance of Vitro and of the subsidiaries controlled by Vitro, taking into consideration the financial, administrative and legal circumstances of each entity.
Senior Management
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our senior managers ( directores generales ). There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any of them was selected as a member of the senior management.
                     
        Current    
        Position   Year of
Name   Title   Held Since   Birth
Federico Sada González
  President and Chief Executive Officer     1995       1949  
Alejandro Sánchez Mújica
  General Counsel     2005       1954  
Claudio Del Valle Cabello
  Chief Administrative Officer     2003       1960  
Enrique Osorio López
  Chief Financial Officer     2007       1951  
Hugo Lara García
  President of the Flat Glass business unit     2006       1965  
David González Morales
  President of the Glass Containers business unit     2007       1955  
Roberto Rubio Barnes
  President of Diverse Industries and Central Technology     2007       1955  
The following are brief biographies of each of our senior managers:
Federico Sada González, President and Chief Executive Officer:
Mr. Sada received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey and a Master of Business Administration from IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland. He also attended Harvard University’s Advanced Management Program. Mr. Sada joined us in 1974. He became Planning and Finance Director of the Glass Containers business unit in 1978. In 1985, he was named President of the North American Glass Containers unit, our largest single business at that time. This business included the operations of the Glass Containers business unit in Mexico and our investments in North, Central and South America.
On January 1, 1995, Mr. Sada was named our President and Chief Executive Officer. He is a member of the Boards of Directors of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Regio Empresas, S.A. de C.V. and The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center.
In addition to his responsibilities at Vitro, Mr. Sada is the Chairman of the Council of the National Museum of History and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Chipinque Ecological Park Foundation. He is a member of the International Business Council of the World Economic Forum.
Alejandro Sánchez Mújica, General Counsel:
Mr. Sánchez earned a law degree from the Escuela Libre de Derecho in Mexico City, where he graduated in 1978. In addition, he earned a Master of Comparative Jurisprudence degree from The University of Texas at Austin, School of Law in 1979 and a Master of Arts (Economics and Administration) also from the University of Texas at Austin in 1980. In 1983, he worked at the Secretaría de Programación y Presupuesto, as advisor to the Undersecretary of Regional Development. In 1983, Mr. Sánchez also joined the Instituto para el Depósito de Valores (“INDEVAL”) as Legal Manager. In 1985 he joined DESC, Sociedad de Fomento Industrial (currently known as Grupo KUO, S.A.B. de C.V.), as Legal Manager of Industrias Negromex, S.A. de C.V. and later of Novum, S.A. de C.V., afterward becoming Executive Legal Director. In 1992, he became the Corporate Legal Director of Pulsar Internacional, S.A. de C.V. In 2003 he joined the law firm of Thompson & Knight, where he was made Senior Partner. In 2005, Mr. Sánchez joined us as our Executive Legal Vice-President and General Counsel.

 

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Claudio Del Valle Cabello, Chief Administrative Officer:
Mr. Del Valle earned a Bachelor in Public Accounting at the Universidad Regiomontana in Monterrey, Mexico. In 1978, Mr. Del Valle began working for Gómez Morfín Meljem and Asoc. (now Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza S.C., Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu) as a Junior Auditor and later became Senior Supervisor. In 1985, Mr. Del Valle joined us as Chief of Special Studies for our former raw materials business. In 1986, he became our Tax Consolidation Manager. In 1992, Mr. Del Valle was appointed Vice President for Administration of Vitro Corporativo, S.A. de C.V. and in 1995 was appointed Vice President of Finance and Controller of Anchor Glass Container Corp. In 1996, Mr. Del Valle was appointed our Vice President of Treasury and Administration. In 2002, Mr. Del Valle was appointed our Chief Financial Officer and, in August 2003, he was named our Chief Administrative Officer.
Mr. Del Valle is a member of the Accounting Institute of the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. Also, in 2001 Mr. Del Valle was appointed Vice President of the Tax Committee of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Mr. Del Valle was the President of the Issuers’ Committee of the Mexican Stock Exchange and as of today acts as Vice President Tax of the Issuers’ Committee of the Mexican Stock Exchange and is currently a member of the Board of Directors of Universidad Regiomontana and Gas Industrial.
Enrique Osorio López, Chief Financial Officer:
Mr. Osorio has served as President of the Board in several financial funds including Vector Divisas, S.A. de C.V. and Xella Mexicana, a German-Mexican co investment; Member of the Board of Desarrollos Comerciales y Habitacionales de Vallarta, S. de R.L., among others. In 1980, Mr. Osorio joined Grupo Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., where he worked significantly on debt restructurings, within the Financing and Investors Relations departments. In 1990, Mr. Osorio joined Interacciones Casa de Bolsa, where he was appointed as Corporate Finance Advisor. In 1994, he joined Cigarrera La Moderna, where he was appointed as Treasurer. Mr. Osorio served as Chief Financial Officer of Savia, S.A. de C.V. and Seminis Inc. (in California) until 2007. Mr. Osorio joined us in 2007 as our Chief Financial Officer.
Hugo Lara García, President of the Flat Glass business unit:
Mr. Lara received a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering at La Salle University in Mexico City. Later, Mr. Lara received a Master in Business Administration, an International Business Diploma and a Master in International Business at the ITESM, Campus Estado de México. In 1987, Mr. Lara joined Christianson Group, where he held several positions such as National Sales Manager, Account Manager, Research and Development Quality Assurance. In 1992, he joined Ceras Johnson, S.A. de C.V., where he held several positions such as Account Manager, Business Development Manager of Latin America and Group Manager. In 1999, Mr. Lara was appointed as Sales Manager and General Manager at Parmalat de México, S.A. de C.V. Mr. Lara joined us in 2004 as Glass Containers business unit’s Commercial Director and Vidrio y Cristal’s Vice President and in 2006 was appointed President of the Flat Glass business unit.
David González Morales, President of the Glass Containers business unit:
Mr. González received a Bachelor degree in Economics at the Universidad de Monterrey. Later, Mr. González received a Master degree in Science at the University of Missouri. In 1976 Mr. González joined Grupo Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., as an Economics Analyst. Mr. González joined us in 1980 as Chief of Industrial Economics for our Glass Containers business unit and then held different managerial positions such as Price Manager, Administration Manager, North Zone Sales Manager, Strategic and Economics Planning Manager, and Business Development Manager. In 1994, he was appointed Vice President of Development Administration for our former Diverse Industries business and in 1999 was appointed as Vice President of Enbosa, S.A. de C.V. In 2002, he was appointed as International Vice President for our Glass Containers business unit. In 2003, Mr. González was appointed as Vice President of our Value Added Business and then in 2004 as President of Vitro Cristalglass, both of which are part of our Flat Glass business unit. In 2006, he was appointed Co-President of Glass Containers business unit and, in 2007, subsequent to Mr. Alfonso Gómez Palacios’s retirement, he was appointed President of the Glass Containers business unit.

 

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Roberto Rubio Barnes
Mr. Rubio earned a Bachelor in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering from the Universidad de Anáhuac in Mexico City in 1977. In 1980, Mr. Rubio received a Master of Science in Industrial Engineering at North Carolina State University and, in 1990, a Master Degree in Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Mr. Rubio began working in 1980 for Vitro Flex and, in 1981, became manager of manufacturing engineering. He held several executive positions from 1981 until 1989, when he was appointed General Manager of Vitro Flex. In 1995, Mr. Rubio was promoted to Vice President for Administration for the glass businesses of the Glassware business unit and in 1996 he was appointed President of the Glassware business unit. At that time, he was also given the responsibility of managing technology at Vitro. In 1999, Mr. Rubio was appointed President of the Glass Containers business unit. In July 2001, he was appointed President of the Flat Glass business unit and, in October 2002, he was appointed Director of Operations for the Glass Containers and Glassware business units. In May 2003, he was appointed President of the Glassware business unit and, in 2006 he was appointed President of Diverse Industries and Central Technology.
Family Relationship of Directors and Senior Management
Eight of our 22 directors and senior managers are related by blood (including first cousins) or marriage to another member of this same group. Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño is the father of Messrs. Adrián Sada González and Federico Sada González. Mr. Tomás González Sada is a cousin of Messrs. Adrián Sada González and Federico Sada González and a nephew of Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño. Mr. Andrés Yarte Cantú is Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño’s son-in-law and Messrs. Adrián Sada González’s and Federico Sada González’s brother-in-law, as well as a cousin by marriage of Mr. Tomás González Sada. Mr. Jaime Rico Garza is a nephew-in-law of Mr. Adrián Sada González and Federico Sada González. Mr. Julio Escamez is cousin-by-marriage of Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño. Mr. Gustavo Madero Muñoz is a cousin of Mr. Carlos Muñoz.
Use of Certain Assets and Services
Certain of our directors and senior managers use certain of our non-material and non-operating assets for personal purposes, and received personal services performed by certain of our personnel, a number of whom are exclusively dedicated to performing such services. The personal use of such properties and receipt of personal services was done in accordance with our Política de Uso de Activos Restringidos , our use of restricted assets policy, and our Política de Uso Especial de Servicios Corporativos y de Seguridad , our corporate and security services policy, approved by our Board of Directors with the prior favorable opinions of the Audit Committee and of the Corporate Practices Committee. The aggregate amount of compensation set forth in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Managements—Compensation” includes the cost of granting the use of assets and providing such services.
Compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2007, the aggregate compensation we paid to our directors and senior managers was approximately Ps. 182 million ($16.7 million). This amount includes directors’ fees, salaries, the use of certain assets and services, as described above, and variable compensation.
During 2007, we accrued amounts relating to pension and retirement benefits for our senior managers. Our independent directors were not entitled to pension or retirement benefits from us during 2007. In accordance with actuarial practices in Mexico, reserves for seniority premiums and pensions are determined in the aggregate for each one of our subsidiaries using average amounts for variables such as turnover, age and life expectancy. We therefore cannot determine the amount reserved for pension or retirement benefits for any individual employee, including our senior managers. The aggregate amount of compensation set forth in the previous paragraph does not include the cost of pension and retirement benefits for our senior managers. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management—Compensation—Pension Benefits.”

 

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Directors’ Compensation
Pursuant to the Mexican General Law of Corporations, our shareholders, at our annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on April 17, 2008, agreed to compensate our directors with three Centenarios, or its equivalent monetary value, per each meeting of the Board of Directors they attend. Likewise, at such annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, the shareholders resolved that the members of each of our Board of Director’s committees, other than the Audit Committee’s members, shall receive three Centenarios, or its equivalent monetary value, per each committee meeting they attend. In consideration of the Audit Committee’s members’ expanded responsibilities pursuant to recently enacted legislation, the members of such committee receive five Centenarios, or its equivalent monetary value, per each meeting they attend plus a monthly fee of Ps. 15,000. The aggregate amount of compensation set forth in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management— Compensation” includes fees paid to our directors.
Variable Compensation
In 2005, we modified our variable compensation plan established in 2001 in order to standardize and integrate our foreign subsidiaries to this scheme. This plan aligns the objectives of our employees with our business strategy and its purpose is to: (i) recognize the extraordinary performance of our employees, (ii) align the interests and incentives of our employees with those of our shareholders, (iii) focus on key priorities and (iv) attract and retain talented employees. This plan is based on the improvement of (i) cash flow from operations, (ii) compliance with the capital expenditures budget and (iii) individual performance. Depending on the results of such metrics, our employees are eligible to receive a bonus equal to an amount ranging between 1.2 and 6.0 times their monthly base salary. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we paid Ps. 161 million ($15 million) to our employees under our variable compensation plan mentioned above.
In 2006, we created a long term incentive plan for certain key executives. This plan aligns the objectives of our key executives with our business strategy and its purpose is to: (i) achieve financial value for the medium and long term, (ii) achieve a sustainable yield, (iii) focus on Vitro’s results, (iv) complement our executive’s compensation and (v) attract and retain talented employees. This plan is based on the improvement of economic value added of the Company (an internal performance measure). Compensation related to this plan was paid for the first time in 2007 and amounted to Ps. 45 million ($4 million).
Employee Stock Option Plan
We maintain an Employee Stock Option Plan established in March 1998 (the “Plan”). The Plan specifies the amount of shares, time and initial exercise price, which is equal to the average closing price on the BMV of the common shares on the 20 days prior to the grant date, except for options issued during 2000, 2001 and 2002, which were Ps. 11.00, Ps. 8.27 and Ps. 7.53, respectively. The vesting period of the options is 5 years and the life of such options is 10 years.
We have not granted any stock options for the last five years. Please refer to note 14 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods presented, the number of options granted during such period and certain other information.
                                                         
    For the year ended December 31,  
                                                    Total  
    1998     1999     2000     2001     1998*     2002     outstanding  
Options granted
    2,813,300       2,893,000       4,851,900       3,204,800       940,950       3,941,950          
Options cancelled or exercised at December 31, 2007
    2,350,000       1,059,500       3,986,950       2,827,950       478,050       3,208,150          
Options outstanding December 31, 2007
    463,300       1,833,500       864,950       376,850       462,900       733,800       4,735,300  
 
                                                       
Initial Exercise Price
  Ps. 31.31     Ps. 14.88     Ps. 11.00     Ps. 8.27     Ps. 13.00     Ps. 7.53          
Adjusted Exercise Price at December 31, 2007
  Ps. 79.90     Ps. 45.78     Ps. 11.00     Ps. 8.27     Ps. 13.00     Ps. 7.53          
     
*  
In 2001, we repriced 940,950 options granted in 1998 to Ps. 13.00 per option.

 

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Compensation cost charged against income for the Plan was Ps. 4 million, Ps. 1 million and Ps. 1 million, for 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The aggregate amount of compensation set forth in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management—Compensation” includes fees paid to our directors. does not include the cost of the grant of options under the Plan.
Pension Benefits
Our pension benefit obligations and the related costs are calculated using actuarial models and assumptions applicable in the countries where the plans are located, principally in the United States and Mexico. Two critical assumptions, discount rate and expected return on assets, are important elements of plan expense and/or liability measurement. We evaluate these critical assumptions at least annually. Other assumptions involve demographic factors such as retirement, mortality and turnover rates, as well as the rate of increases in compensation. These assumptions are evaluated periodically and are updated to reflect our experience. Actual results in any given year will often differ from actuarial assumptions because of economic and other factors. The discount rate enables us to state expected future cash flows at a present value on the measurement date. We have little latitude in selecting this rate since it is determined jointly between us and the pension plan’s actuary and is required to represent the market rate for high-quality fixed income investments. A lower discount rate increases the present value of benefit obligations and increases pension expense. Our weighted-average discount rate was 5.75% for 2005, 5.50% for 2006, and 5.00% for 2007 as we consider that reflects market interest rate conditions. To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, we consider the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. We assumed that the weighted-average of long-term returns on our pension plans were 7.0% for 2005, 2006, and 2007. With respect to the pension plans in the United States, as of December 31, 2007, the assets set aside to satisfy the estimated obligations under such pension plans were sufficient to meet the estimated obligations as they come due. With respect to the pension plans in Mexico, as of December 31, 2007, the assets set aside to satisfy the estimated obligations under such pension plans were Ps. 1,548 million while the related estimated obligations were Ps. 2,653 million. Our aggregate pension expense in 2007 was approximately Ps. 358 million. Further information on our principal pension plans, including the assumptions used in calculating the referenced obligations, is provided in notes 11 and note 24 to our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
The assets of our pension plans include 47,541,076 Vitro shares. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”
Severance Benefits
All of our senior managers, executives who are members of the Board of Directors and siblings of Directors and senior managers working for Vitro, are entitled to a severance payment equal to up to three times of their annual compensation, net of tax, if they cease to be employed by us in connection with a change of control of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. This severance benefit is in addition to any severance payment due to such persons under Mexican law.
Two of our senior managers are employed by us pursuant to a three-year guaranteed employment contract, one ending in August 2008 and the other in April 2010.

 

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BOARD PRACTICES
According to our by-laws, our shareholders determine the number of directors that will constitute our Board of Directors at a general ordinary shareholders meeting. Our Board of Directors may consist of up to a maximum of 21 members and each member of our Board of Directors is elected at a general ordinary shareholders’ meeting for a renewable term of one year. If at the end of the one-year term of office any of our directors is not reelected at a general ordinary shareholders’ meeting or if a director resigns and there is no designation of a substitute director or the substitute director has not taken office, then such director will continue to serve for a maximum term of up to 30 calendar days. Thereafter, the Board of Directors may appoint provisional directors who will be ratified or substituted at the next general ordinary shareholders’ meeting. At the general ordinary shareholders meeting held on April 17, 2008, our shareholders resolved that our Board of Directors would consist of 16 directors, 9 of whom are independent directors, which means that 56.2% of our directors are independent, notwithstanding that the Mexican Law of the Securities Market only requires that a minimum of 25% of directors must be independent. We have no alternate directors. We have not entered into a service contract with any of our directors to provide benefits to such director upon expiration of such director’s term of office.
Pursuant to our by-laws, our Board of Directors must meet at least four times per calendar year and must dedicate one such meeting to the analysis of our medium- and long-term strategies. Board meetings usually take place at our principal executive offices however, Board meetings may be held anywhere within or outside of Mexico. For a quorum to exist at a Board meeting, a majority of the directors must be in attendance. The affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a duly called Board meeting is required for the adoption of any resolution. Minutes must be prepared after every Board meeting to reflect the resolutions adopted and any relevant discussions that took place. Such minutes must be signed by the Chairman and the Secretary of the Board. Resolutions adopted at Board meetings not conducted in person have the same force and effect as those adopted at Board meetings conducted in person as long as such resolutions are unanimously adopted and confirmed in writing.
Our Board of Directors is authorized to create as many committees as it deems appropriate for the discharge of its duties, in addition to the Corporate Practices Committee and the Audit Committee. To that effect, the Board of Directors has also constituted the Finance and Planning Committee, notwithstanding that this is not a Mexican or a US requirement for foreign issuers. On April 27, 2007 the Board of Directors enacted the charters for each of these Committees, all of which took effect on May 1, 2007.
The Corporate Practices Committee and the Audit Committee must be comprised in their entirety by independent directors proposed by the Chairman of the Board and elected by the Board of Directors, whereas the Finance and Planning Committee may be comprised of any directors that the Board of Directors freely determines. The committees meet as often as necessary, but at least 4 times a year and must provide a report of their activities and findings to our Board of Directors either upon the Board’s request or at any time the committee deems appropriate, in addition to the annual report of activities of each committee that must be submitted to the Board of Directors, which is subsequently presented to the general ordinary shareholders meeting that reviews the results at the end of every fiscal year.
Consistent with our corporate by-laws, the Mexican Law of the Securities Market and the board and governance practices mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we have established an Audit Committee that is exclusively comprised of members of our Board of Directors who are deem to be independent (as such term is defined under the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, as well as the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder and the corporate governance rules of the NYSE). The independent qualification is determined at our Shareholders Meeting and may be questioned within the next 30 days by the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (“CNBV”) . Our Audit Committee is responsible for among other matters, verifying that our management is in compliance with its obligations regarding internal controls and the preparation of financial statements. In addition, our Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of our independent external auditors. Our Audit Committee meets regularly with our management and our independent external auditors.

 

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The members of our Audit Committee are Messrs. Gustavo Madero, Jaime Serra Puche, Joaquín Vargas and Manuel Güemez de la Vega. Mr. Gustavo Madero is the President of our Audit Committee. Although none of the members of our audit committee qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert”, as such term is defined under Item 401(e) of Regulation S-K,, the Audit Committee and its members are in compliance with Mexico’s rules and practice for this type of committee, which includes, among other requirements knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles, the ability to evaluate the application of such principles, knowledge and experience in the preparation, audit, evaluation, and/or analysis of financial statements and knowledge of the internal controls involved in the preparation of financial reports. See “Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert”. Additionally the Board of Directors has retained Mr. Alfonso Gonzalez Migoya to serve as a financial expert to the Audit Committee.
The charter of the Audit Committee provides that: (i) the members of the committee (except for its president) must be elected by our Board of Directors, as proposed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, (ii) the committee must be comprised of at least three independent directors, (iii) the president of the committee must be appointed and can only be removed by shareholders’ resolution at a general shareholders meeting, (iv) any two members of the committee may call a meeting through written notice given to the other members of the committee at least five days before such meeting, (v) the committee must meet at least three times per year, (vi) the committee must provide an annual report on its activities to our Board of Directors and to the general ordinary shareholders meeting that reviews the results at the end of every fiscal year, (vii) the attendance of at least a majority of the committee’s members is required to constitute a quorum and resolutions shall be adopted by the vote of at least the majority of committee members present at the relevant meeting at which a quorum exists, (viii) resolutions may be adopted without a meeting, provided such resolutions are approved unanimously and confirmed in writing and (ix) the committee must perform such duties as required by law and by our Board of Directors. The charter also provides that the Audit Committee must verify that external audit duties are duly performed and must confirm our compliance with all laws and regulations regarding the reliability, sufficiency and transparency of Vitro’s financial statements.
Our Audit Committee has the authority to, among other things: (i) give opinions to the Board of Directors on the following matters, in addition to any other matters the Audit Committee is required to review pursuant to the Mexican Law of Securities Market or which the Board of Directors from time to time may request: a) unusual or sporadic transactions or transactions exceeding certain amounts specified by law, b) guidelines regarding the internal control and internal audit functions of Vitro and the companies controlled by Vitro, c) accounting policies of Vitro, to assure conformity with the accounting principles issued or recognized by the CNBV, through its general dispositions, d) Vitro’s financial statements and e) engagement of Vitro’s external auditor and additional or supplemental related services; (ii) evaluate the performance of the external auditor and analyze opinions (including opinion regarding the sufficiency on our internal control), or reports prepared and issued by the external auditor and supervise the outcome of the disagreements, if any, between Vitro’s administration and the external auditor; (iii) discuss Vitro’s financial statements with those responsible for preparing or reviewing the financial statements and advise the Board of Directors on its approval, as well as analyze the financial information that is annually rendered to the SEC in the Annual Report on Form 20-F; (iv) inform the Board of Directors of the status of Vitro’s internal control and internal audit system, and that of the companies controlled by Vitro, including the identification of irregularities, if any; (v) draft the opinion that the Board of Directors renders regarding the Chief Executive Officer’s Annual Report and submit it to the consideration of the Board of Directors for its subsequent presentation to the shareholders meeting, based upon, among other elements, in the opinion of the external auditor; (vi) support the Board of Directors in the preparation of the reports referred to in the Article 28, section IV, paragraphs d) and e) of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market; (vii) supervise the operations referred to in articles 28, section III, and 47 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market; (viii) request the opinion of independent experts in the cases it deems convenient, or when required pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market; (ix) request from management and employees of Vitro and of the companies controlled by Vitro, reports regarding the preparation of financial statements or any other as it deems necessary for the fulfillment of its functions; (x) investigate any potential violation that comes to its knowledge on the operations, guidelines and operational policies, internal controls, internal audit and accounting records of Vitro or the companies controlled by Vitro; (xi) receive comments from shareholders, directors, management, employees and in general by any third party regarding the subject matters referred to in (x) above, as well as take the actions that it deems necessary regarding those comments; (xii) supervise that procedures are adequate to receive, process and resolve complaints regarding accounting, internal control or audit, including proceedings for confidential and anonymous complaints of employees; (xiii) report to the Board of Directors any relevant irregularity detected in the course of the fulfillment of its functions and, in its case, of the

 

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corrective measures or, proposed measures which must be applied; (xiv) call shareholders meetings and request agenda items to be analyzed by the same, as it deems necessary; (xv) supervise that the Chief Executive Officer executes the resolutions adopted by the shareholders and the Board of Directors at their respective meetings; (xvi) supervise the mechanisms and internal controls that allow the verification of the acts and operations of Vitro and of the companies controlled by Vitro to ensure compliance with applicable law, as well as apply methodologies that allow supervision of such compliance; (xvii) follow up on relevant risks that Vitro and the companies controlled by Vitro are exposed to, based upon information provided to it by the Corporate Practices Committee, the Finance and Planning Committee and any additional committees that may be created by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer and Vitro’s external auditor, as well as to the accounting systems, internal control and internal audit, registry, archive or information of the above; and (xviii) verify that each of the members of the Audit Committee complies at all times with the requirements for director independence.
Our Finance and Planning Committee is currently formed by seven members of the Board: Messrs. Adrián Sada González, Carlos Eduardo Represas de Almeida, Tomás González Sada, Federico Sada González, Jaime Serra Puche, Andrés A. Yarte Cantú and Carlos Bremer Gutiérrez. Mr. Adrián Sada González is the President of our Finance and Planning Committee. Not all of the members of this Committee are “independent directors”. The Finance and Planning Committee in accordance with its charter has to perform the following activities: i) Follow up on the compliance of Vitro’s budget; ii) follow up on Vitro’s Strategic Plan; (iii) analyze periodically the results of the investments made on projects previously approved by the Board of Directors, comparing their return against budgeted returns previously submitted to the Board of Directors; iv) support the Board of Directors in the supervision of compliance with investment and financing policies and in the review of financial projections; and (v) render an opinion to the Board of Directors on such matters as the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer may request provided they do not relate to a matters that the Audit Committee or the Corporate Practices Committee must render an opinion, pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market or its regulations.
Pursuant to the Mexican Law of Securities Market, we have established a Corporate Practices Committee. In accordance with its charter, this committee has to perform the following activities: (i) render an opinion to the Board of Directors about the following matters, in addition to any other matters the Corporate Practices Committee is required to review pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market or which the Board of Directors from time to time may request: a) determine the policies and guidelines for the use of assets owned by Vitro and the companies controlled by Vitro, b) related party transactions with Vitro and the companies controlled by Vitro, except those which do not require the prior approval of the Board of Directors pursuant to policies and guidelines previously approved by the Board of Directors and those established pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, c) the appointment, election and dismissal of the Chief Executive Officer and determination of his or her total compensation, as well as the remuneration of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, d) the establishment of policies for the appointment and total compensation of key management (other than the CEO and the Chairman), e) waiver for a Director, manager or an officer, to engage any business opportunity for their own benefit or that of third parties, which involves Vitro or any companies controlled by Vitro or in which Vitro has a substantial influence, when the amount of the business opportunity is greater than 5% (five percent) of the consolidated assets of Vitro, based upon the figures of the immediately preceding quarter, f) mandatory public offerings of securities for percentages below those determined in section III of article 98 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, g) the execution of agreements related to mandatory public offerings with negative and affirmative covenants that benefit the issuer of such offer or Vitro, pursuant to article 100 of the Mexican Law of Securities Market, h) failure to execute mandatory public offerings if Vitro’s economic viability is at risk pursuant to section III of article 102 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, and i) the determination of the tender price for Vitro’s shares, due to the cancellation of the registry of Vitro’s securities before the National Registry of Securities (Registro Nacional de Valores) , (“RNV”), pursuant to article 108 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market; additionally, in the event the Board of Directors adopts any resolutions regarding any of the foregoing matters that are not in accordance with the opinions rendered by the Corporate Practices Committee, this Committee, through its President, shall instruct the Chief Executive Officer to disclose such circumstances; (ii) support the Board of Directors in the preparation of the annual report, which pursuant to paragraph b), article 172 of the Mexican General Law of Corporations must disclose the main accounting and information policies, their rationale and the criteria used in the preparation of the financial information; (iii) support the Board of Directors in the preparation of the annual report that must be submitted at the general shareholder meeting relating to the operations and activities in which the Board of

 

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Directors participated during the corresponding fiscal year; (iv) render an opinion on the annual report prepared by the Board of Directors about the performance of key management; (v) approve the general increases in the wages and salaries of the employees and personnel of Vitro and of the companies controlled by Vitro; (vi) supervise the size and configuration of the Board of Directors to ensure that decision making is effective and in compliance with applicable legal provisions mandating that at least 25% of its members are independent and that its number shall not be greater than 21 members; (vii) supervise the compliance of Vitro’s social responsibility policies and the disclosure of such compliance, including endowment policies; (viii) review and approve responses to the Questionnaire Regarding Compliance with Recommendations for Better Corporate Practices and informing the Board of Directors of its timely filing; (ix) supervise the application of Vitro’s Code of Ethics and propose any amendments it deems necessary; (x) periodically review Vitro’s corporate policies and the charters of the Committees to ensure that all of them are consistent and, if necessary, resolve any matter or conflict or inconsistency between any of them; (xi) support the Board of Directors in the development of policies regarding the distribution and communication of information to shareholders and the public markets, as well as the directors and managers of Vitro, that comply with the Mexican Law of the Securities Market; and (xii) coordinate and supervise, together with the support of the Chief Executive Officer, the training of newly-appointed directors to ensure they are provided with all information regarding the background and operations of Vitro, as well as an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework to which the Directors are subject, with a particular emphasis on his or her fiduciary duties of loyalty, diligence and confidentiality.
The Corporate Practices Committee is currently comprised of four independent directors, Mr. Manuel Güemez de la Vega, who was appointed as President of the Committee in a resolution adopted by our shareholders at the general ordinary shareholders meeting held on April 17, 2008, and Messrs. Ricardo Martín Bringas, Carlos Muñoz Olea and Alejandro Garza Lagüera. Pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market and our corporate by-laws, this committee must be comprised of at least three independent directors appointed by the Board of Directors, except for its president who can only be appointed and removed by a shareholders’ resolution.

 

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SHARE OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our shares by each of our directors and senior managers as of April 17, 2008, the date of our most recent general ordinary shareholders’ meeting. The voting power exercisable by our directors and senior managers may be greater than the percentage of our shares held by them. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”
                                                     
            Percentage of                 Exercise     Adjusted      
    Number of     Shares     Granted     Outstanding     Price on     Exercise     Expiration
Name   Shares Owned     Outstanding (4)     Options (5)     Options (5)(6)     Grant Date     Price     Date
Adrián Sada Treviño
    17,664,652 (1)     4.93 %     90,400       90,400       13.00       N/A     March 2011
 
                                                   
Adrián Sada González
    25,134,357 (2)(7)     7.01 %     90,400       90,400       13.00       N/A     March 2011
 
                    225,000       225,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
                    430,000       430,000       11.00       N/A     June 2010
 
                    550,000       137,500       8.27       N/A     March 2011
 
                    550,000       275,000       7.53       N/A     March 2012
 
                                                   
Federico Sada González
    24,801,235 (3)     6.92 %     90,400       90,400       13.00       N/A     March 2011
 
                    225,000       225,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
                    430,000       107,500       11.00       N/A     June 2010
 
                    550,000       137,500       8.27       N/A     March 2011
 
                    550,000       275,000       7.53       N/A     March 2012
 
                                                   
Tomás González Sada
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Andrés Yarte Cantú
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Gustavo Madero Muñoz
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Carlos Represas de Almeida
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Jaime Serra Puche
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Carlos Muñoz Olea
    3,789,800       1.06 %                          
 
                                                   
Joaquín Vargas Guajardo
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Alejandro Garza Lagüera
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Manuel Güemez de la Vega
                                                   
 
                                                   
Julio Escámez Ferreiro
                                                   
 
                                                   
Carlos Bremer Gutierrez
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Ricardo Martin Bringas
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Jaime Rico Garza
    *       *       26,000       26,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
                                                   
Claudio Del Valle Cabello
    * (7)     *       15,100       15,100       13.00       N/A     March 2011
 
                    28,000       28,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
                    60,000       15,000       11.00       N/A     June 2010
 
                    59,000       14,750       8.27       N/A     March 2011
 
                    60,500       30,250       7.53       N/A     March 2012
 
                                                   
Enrique Osorio López
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Alejandro Sánchez Mújica
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
Hugo Lara García
    *       *                            
 
                                                   
David González Morales
    *       *       26,000       26,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
                                                   
Roberto Rubio Barnes
    *       *       100,000       100,000       14.88       45.78     March 2009
 
     
*  
Beneficially owns less than one percent of our shares.
 
(1)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. María Nelly González de Sada.

 

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(2)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. Esther Cueva de Sada, and his son, Adrián Sada Cueva.
 
(3)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. Liliana Melo de Sada, his sons, Messrs. Federico Sada Melo and Mauricio Sada Melo, and his daughter, Ms. Liliana Sada Melo.
 
(4)  
For purposes of calculating percentage of shares outstanding, we use the number of our shares outstanding that was 358,389,574 shares, which is the number equal to our 386,357,143 issued shares minus the shares held as treasury stock.
 
(5)  
The options listed below are options to purchase our shares.
 
(6)  
All the options are exercisable.
 
(7)  
In addition to the shares set forth below, Mssers Adrián Sada González and Claudio del Valle Cabello may be deemed to be beneficial owners of the 17,464,614 shares held by our Stock Option Trust, as they are members of the Technical Committee of the Stock Option Trust and share the right to vote and the right to sell the shares held by the Stock Option Trust with the other member of the Technical Committee.
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management —Compensation—Employee Stock Option Plan” for a discussion of the only arrangement providing our employees with equity-based compensation.

 

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EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2007, we employed 24,442 people, more than 70% of whom were located in Mexico.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the period end and average number of employees of each of our two operating business units and our corporate offices.
                                                 
    2005     2006     2007  
Business Unit   Period End     Average     Period End     Average     Period End     Average  
Glass Containers
    10,296       10,683       12,426       11,918       13,967       13,717  
Flat Glass
    9,664       9,712       8,998       9,288       9,488       8,965  
Other (1)
    94       210       0       69       0       0  
Corporate Offices
    823       798       870       819       987       815  
 
                                   
Total
    20,877       21,403       22,294       22,094       24,442       23,497  
 
                                   
     
(1)  
Other is comprised by Bosco which we sold on April 1, 2005 and our metal flatware business, which we sold in October 2006, and which were previously included in our Glassware reportable segment.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our employees by geographic location.
                                                 
    2005     2006     2007  
Business Unit   Period End     Average     Period End     Average     Period End     Average  
Mexico
    15,322       15,902       15,979       16,101       18,070       17,063  
United States
    2,675       2,684       2,729       2,716       2,632       2,676  
Rest of the world
    2,880       2,817       3,586       3,277       3,740       3,758  
 
                                   
Total
    20,877       21,403       22,294       22,094       24,442       23,497  
 
                                   
Relation with Labor Unions
In Mexico, all of our workers (others than our empleados de confianza ) are currently affiliated with labor unions. Labor relations in each manufacturing facility in Mexico are governed by separate collective bargaining agreements which were entered into between the relevant subsidiary and a union selected by the employees of the relevant facility. The terms of the collective bargaining agreements are renegotiated every two years, except for wages, which are negotiated every year. For over 60 years, we have not experienced any strikes that materially affected our overall operations in Mexico and management believes that it has a good relationship with its employees and the labor unions to which they are affiliated.
In the United States, a majority of our workers are currently affiliated with labor unions. Management believes that it has a good relationship with its employees in the United States and the labor unions to which they are affiliated.

 

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Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Unless the context otherwise requires, in the section entitled “Major Shareholders” of this Item 7 the words “we,”, “us,” “our,” and “ours” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and not its consolidated subsidiaries.
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
As of April 17, 2008, the date of our most recent general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, 386,857,143 of our shares were issued of which 358,389,574 of our shares were issued and outstanding. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Mexican Corporate Law and By-Laws—Capital Structure.” As of such date, 28,467,569 of our shares were held as treasury stock, 17,464,614 of our shares were held by the Stock Option Trust, and 47,541,076 of our shares were held by the Pension Plan Trust. Under Mexican corporate law, shares held as treasury stock are not considered outstanding. Under Mexican corporate law, the our shares held by the Stock Option Trust are considered issued and outstanding and therefore are entitled to receive dividends and vote on matters on which other of our shares are entitled to vote. However, for accounting purposes, the shares held by the Stock Option Trust are considered treasury stock and therefore not outstanding. Under Mexican corporate law, the shares held by the Pension Plan Trust are considered issued and outstanding for all purposes. Accordingly, all information relating to Major Shareholders and the voting rights relating to our common stock, includes all shares held by the Stock Option Trust and the Pension Plan Trust.
We have one class of American Depositary Shares “ADSs”, registered under the Securities Act. Our ADSs are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts “ADRs”, and each of our ADSs represents three Ordinary Participation Certificates “CPOs”. Each CPO represents one of our shares. Our ADSs and CPOs have no voting rights with respect to the underlying shares, but have all the economic rights relating to those shares. The trustee that holds our shares represented by CPOs is required to vote those shares in the same manner as the majority of our shares not so held that are voted in the relevant shareholders’ meeting. This has the effect of increasing the voting power of holders of our shares (other than the trustee) in excess of the percentage of our shares held by such holders. Therefore, the voting power exercisable by our major shareholders may be greater than the percentage of our shares outstanding held by them. As of April 17, 2008, 59.9 million of our shares were represented by CPOs.
The following table sets forth our major shareholders and their shareholdings as of April 17, 2008.
                 
Name   Shares Outstanding (1)     % of Shares Outstanding (1)(2)  
Pension Plan Trust
    47,541,076       13.27  
Stock Option Trust
    17,464,614       4.87  
Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño (3) (4)
    17,664,652       4.93  
Mr. Adrián Sada González (5)
    25,134,357       7.01  
Mr. Federico Sada González (6)
    24,801,235       6.92  
Ms. Alejandra Sada González
    21,646,821       6.04  
 
     
(1)  
All of the shares that may be issued upon exercise of our outstanding options are held by our Stock Option Trust, and all of our outstanding options are currently exercisable. Therefore, shares outstanding and the calculation of percentage of shares outstanding include all our outstanding options.
 
(2)  
Calculation of percentage of shares outstanding based upon 386,357,143 shares issued shares minus 28,467,569 held as treasury stock.
 
(3)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. María Nelly González de Sada. Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño and Mrs. Maria Nelly Gonzalez de Sada disclaim beneficial ownership with respect to the shares held by their children and their children’s families.
 
(4)  
Mrs. María Nelly Sada de Yarte, her children and her children’s spouses collectively hold 12,770,807 of our shares, representing 3.56% of our issued and outstanding shares, which are not included in the table above. Mrs. María Nelly Sada de Yarte is a daughter of Mr. Adrián Sada Treviño and Mrs. María Nelly González de Sada.
 
(5)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. Esther Cueva de Sada, and his son Adrián Sada Cueva. In addition to the shares set forth below, Mr. Adrián Sada González may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the 17,464,614 shares held by our Stock Option Trust, as a member of the Technical Committee of the Stock Option Trust who shares the right to vote and the right to sell the shares held by the Stock Option Trust with the other member of the Technical Committee.
 
(6)  
Reported as a group with his wife, Mrs. Liliana Melo de Sada, his sons Messrs. Federico Sada Melo and Mauricio Sada Melo, and his daughter, Ms. Liliana Sada Melo.

 

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We were informed a few days prior to our April 17th, 2008 Annual General Ordinary Shareholders Meeting (the “Shareholders Meeting”) that a group of persons, including, Mr. Alfredo Harp Helu (“Mr. Harp”), Chairman of the Board of Grupo Financiero Banamex, S.A. and Mr. Roberto Hernandez Ramirez (“Mr. Hernandez”), Chairman of the Board of Banco Nacional de México, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple (“Banamex”), a subsidiary of Grupo Financiero Banamex, S.A. (the “Harp Group”) had acquired 27% of our outstanding common shares and claimed that they were entitled to appoint two members of the Board of Directors at the Shareholders Meeting.
Prior to the Shareholders Meeting, and in accordance with the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, brokerage houses, including Acciones y Valores Banamex, S.A. de C.V. Casa de Bolsa, the brokerage house subsidiary of Grupo Financiero Banamex, S.A. (“Accival”) and GBM Grupo Bursátil Mexicano, S.A. de C.V., Casa de Bolsa (“GBM”), provided us with their respective lists of shareholders owning Vitro common shares held at the brokerage houses. We were also informed prior to the Shareholders Meeting that the lists provided by Accival and GBM contained the shares owned by entities purportedly controlled by the Harp Group. Based upon the Accival list of Vitro shareholders, Banamex was the sole owner of an aggregate of 14.9% of our outstanding common shares and was seeking to vote all of these shares at the Shareholders Meeting.
In accordance with article 48 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, our by-laws prohibit the acquisition by any person, or group acting in concert, either directly or through CPOs or ADRs, of more than 9.9% of our outstanding common shares, without the prior written approval of our Board of Directors. Our by-laws further provide that any transfer of common shares, CPOs or ADRs or the entering into agreements, or the taking of other acts, whether oral or written, which create mechanisms or arrangements under which the number of votes covered by such agreements or actions is more than 9.9% of our outstanding common shares, also requires the prior written approval of our Board of Directors. The approval of our Board of Directors of such ownership, the entering into of such agreements or the taking of such actions is based upon consideration by the Board of Directors of various factors set forth in our by-laws, including the best interest of the Company’s business and the potential increase of investment value for our shareholders, as provided by the Mexican Law of the Securities Market.
In the event of any such purchase of our common shares, CPOs or ADRs or the entering into of such agreements or taking of any such actions covering our common shares without complying with the provisions of our by-laws, the common shares are not entitled to any voting right or authority in the Shareholders Meetings of the Company, or any right or authority to exercise any other corporate rights.  Further, in such event, the Company will not register, acknowledge or provide any value to the share deposit certificates issued by any financial institution or securities deposit certificates in Mexico, to evidence the right of attendance at any shareholders meeting. 

 

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Pursuant to our by-laws, our common shares may only be owned by Mexican citizens or by Mexican companies or entities that do not allow any direct or indirect foreign participation. Persons that are not Mexican citizens or Mexican companies or entities that allow any direct or indirect foreign participation, may not directly or indirectly own our common shares, and non Mexican investors may acquire an economic interest in our common shares by the ownership of our CPOs or ADRs. In accordance with our by-laws, the acquisition of our common shares by any person that is not a Mexican citizen or by Mexican companies or entities that allow any direct or indirect foreign participation would be null and void, and we would have the right to cancel such common shares.
Therefore, in accordance with our by-laws, and based upon the Accival list of our shareholders, the common shares owned by Banamex, an indirect subsidiary of a U.S. public company, may be deemed to be null and void and  not entitled to any corporate right.  In addition, in the event that any other common shares held either directly or indirectly by the Harp Group are owned by any person or a group acting in concert, that owns more than 9.9% of our common shares, or are held under agreements or mechanisms covering more than 9.9% of our common shares, such common shares may also not be entitled to any voting rights or other authority or right to exercise any other corporate rights, unless such ownership is approved by our Board of Directors.
The Company, on June 23, 2008, initiated litigation against Banamex in Mexican courts seeking to enforce the provisions of its by-laws. The Company believes, based upon the advice of Rivera Gaxiola y Asociados, S.C., that although Mexican courts have not previously considered a similar matter, the courts would determine that our by-law provisions are valid and, once the relevant facts involved confirm that Banamex is the owner of 14.9% of our common shares, the courts should declare the acquisition by Banamex of such common shares null and void. As part of this litigation, the Mexican courts have granted a petition by Vitro to temporarily suspend the trading and exercise of any corporate rights by Banamex of such common shares, pending definitive resolution of the lawsuit filed by Vitro.

 

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Certain Arrangements with Respect to Real Estate
The Company uses real estate owned by relatives of certain directors and senior managers to meet with customers, suppliers or for other business purposes. The Company pays an annual fee for the right to use these properties for a specified number of days per year. Additionally, it has agreed to pay maintenance and operating costs. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amounts paid as annual fees were approximately Ps. 10 million ($0.9 million).
Goods Sold to or Purchased from Certain Companies
The Company sells flat glass products and glass containers to certain companies whose shareholders are directors and senior managers of the Company. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amount of these sales was Ps. 59 million, Ps. 58 million and Ps. 69 million, respectively.
The Company’s subsidiary Comegua sells glass containers to Cervecería Centroamericana and to Cervecería de Costa Rica, subsidiaries of its partners in such company. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amount of these sales was $13 million, $11 million and $9 million, respectively.
Sale of Real Estate
In 2007, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors purchased an unused parcel of real estate from one of its subsidiaries. The price of the real estate was $5.4 million. The Company received several offers for the property and such member of the Board made the highest offer. The transaction was approved by the Company’s Audit Committee in accordance with its charter at the time.

 

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Item 8. Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Statements
See “Item 18. Financial Statements” and pages F-1 to F-175 for a copy of our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Export Sales
The following table sets forth, for the periods presented, a breakdown of our domestic sales, export sales and sales attributable to our foreign subsidiaries. Financial data set forth in the following table has been restated in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
                                                                 
            % of             % of     Corporate     % of             % of  
    Glass     Consolidated     Flat     Consolidated     and other (1)     Consolidated             Consolidated  
    Containers     Net Sales     Glass     Net Sales     eliminations     Net Sales     Consolidated     Net Sales  
    (Ps. millions)           (Ps. millions)           (Ps. millions)           (Ps. millions)        
2007
                                                               
Domestic sales
  Ps. 8,371       57 %   Ps. 3,974       29 %   Ps. 361       100 %   Ps. 12,706       44 %
Export sales
    4,028       28 %     1,946       14 %                     5,974       21 %
Foreign subsidiaries
    2,240       15 %     7,671       57 %                     9,911       35 %
 
                                               
Total net sales
  Ps. 14,639       100 %   Ps. 13,591       100 %   Ps. 361       100 %   Ps. 28,591       100 %
 
                                               
 
                                                               
2006
                                                               
Domestic sales
  Ps. 8,145       58 %   Ps. 3,296       25 %   Ps. 433       100 %   Ps. 11,875       42 %
Export sales
    3,921       28 %     2,463       18 %                     6,384       23 %
Foreign subsidiaries
    1,915       14 %     7,702       57 %                     9,617       35 %
 
                                               
Total net sales
  Ps. 13,982       100 %   Ps. 13,461       100 %   Ps. 433       100 %   Ps. 27,876       100 %
 
                                               
 
                                                               
2005
                                                               
Domestic sales
  Ps. 7,546       61 %   Ps. 2,855       21 %   Ps. 517       100 %   Ps. 10,918       41 %
Export sales
    3,413       28 %     3,574       26 %                     6,987       26 %
Foreign subsidiaries
    1,390       11 %     7,272       53 %                     8,662       33 %
 
                                               
Total net sales
  Ps. 12,349       100 %   Ps. 13,701       100 %   Ps. 517       100 %   Ps. 26,567       100 %
 
                                               
     
(1)  
Other is comprised by Bosco which we sold on April 1, 2005 and our metal flatware business, which we sold in October 2006, and which we previously included in our Glassware reportable segment.
Legal Proceedings
As part of the disposal in August 1996 of Anchor, in a transaction approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, we entered into a term sheet which contemplated an agreement pursuant to which we would provide to the PBGC a limited guaranty of Anchor’s unfunded pension liability. For more information regarding the terms of the guaranty, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—PBGC Matter.”
On April 15, 2002, New Anchor filed a pre-negotiated plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. On August 8, 2002, an amended plan of reorganization was confirmed, pursuant to which the plan resulting from the merger of the covered pension plans was terminated and the obligations thereunder were assumed by the PBGC in exchange for cash, securities and a commitment of reorganized New Anchor to make certain future payments.
On June 20, 2003, the PBGC wrote to us, asserting that the plan had been terminated effective as of July 31, 2002, with an estimated unfunded liability of $219 million. The PBGC stated that the value of the recovery from New Anchor and reorganized New Anchor amounts to no more than $122.25 million; it alleged that the recovery that it secured in the bankruptcy was insufficient and that an underfunding in excess of our limited guaranty had occurred. Accordingly, in its letter, the PBGC demanded payments pursuant to the term sheet of $7 million on or before August 1, 2003 and of $3.5 million semiannually through August 1, 2011. We intend to contest this liability. There are various issues concerning such demand and certain defenses that may be asserted by us. Management is currently evaluating these issues and defenses. At this point, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amounts that will ultimately be payable in response to such demand. When management is able to reasonably estimate those amounts, we will establish an appropriate accounting reserve. As of this date, we have not established any reserves in connection with such potential liability.

 

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The Company is also involved in a legal proceeding initiated by Urbanizaciones Gamma, S.A. de C.V. (“Gamma”) in May 2005 alleging failure on the part of Vitrocrisa, our former joint venture with Libbey, to vacate warehouse space, which was leased to Vitrocrisa by Gamma pursuant to a lease agreement, upon the expiration of the lease term. Pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement, Vitrocrisa vacated the premises upon the expiration of the lease term. Gamma’s claim is in the amount of Ps. 1.8 million per month, starting from December 2003, plus standard penalties and interest as specified in the lease agreement. Pursuant to the sale agreement between the Company and Libbey executed in connection with the sale of Vitrocrisa, the Company agreed to assume responsibility for 81.625% of any damages arising from this legal proceeding, with Libbey assuming responsibility for the remainder of any such damages. We do not believe that the outcome of this litigation, even if not determined in our favor, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
On December 11, 2006 the shareholders of Vitro Plan concluded the extraordinary meeting upon a second call to approve the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico. Viméxico, a subsidiary of Vitro, held a $135 million loan receivable from Vitro Plan. At the meeting, resolutions were adopted approving (a) the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico based on financial information as of October 31, 2006, with Viméxico as the surviving entity, and (b) the cancellation upon delivery of existing Vitro Plan stock certificates in exchange for Viméxico stock certificates, using a ratio of 7.19319816 shares of Viméxico common stock per share of Vitro Plan common stock.
Prior to the merger, Vitro Plan was a direct 65%-owned subsidiary of Vitro. As a result of the merger, Viméxico is a direct 91.8%-owned subsidiary of Vitro. Prior to the merger, Pilkington owned a 35% equity interest in Vitro Plan and, as a result of the merger, owns an 8.2% equity interest in Viméxico. Pilkington voted against the adoption of the shareholder resolutions approving the merger. Under the merger, the outstanding $135 million intercompany indebtedness owed by Vitro Plan was cancelled, reducing the debt of Viméxico, as a surviving party to the merger (excluding any guarantees of the 2012 Senior Notes, the 2017 Senior Notes and the 2013 Senior Notes) to a level that could more readily be supported by its cash flow from operations.
On January 16, 2007, Pilkington commenced litigation, challenging and opposing, among other claims, the resolutions adopted at the December 11, 2006 extraordinary meeting approving the merger. On February 28, 2008, the court denied all of Pilkington’s claims and declared the merger valid. Pilkington has filed an appeal of this decision. Which on June 26, 2008 was resolved by the Appeals Court confirming the denial of all claims by Pilkington and ratifying in all respects the decision issued by the lower court, including, as a consequence, the validity of the merger and the obligation to pay litigation costs and attorney’s fees. However, Pilkington still has one last opportunity to challenge such rulings through an “Amparo” procedure (which is a constitutional challenge held before federal court).
Additionally, on December 6, 2007, Pilkington commenced another litigation, alleging, among other claims, that the December 11, 2006 extraordinary meeting was invalid and, therefore, the resolutions adopted at such meeting and the merger agreement are invalid. This litigation is at an early stage and we do not expect any decision by the courts during 2008.
On June 23, 2008, we initiated litigation against Banamex requesting the court to declare null and void the acquisition and ownership of any of Vitro’s common shares owned by Banamex in accordance with our by laws which only allow ownership of our common shares by any person that is a Mexican citizen or to any Mexican companies or entities that do not allow any direct or indirect foreign participation.
The Company believes, based upon the advice of Rivera Gaxiola y Asociados, S.C., that although Mexican courts have not previously considered a similar matter, the courts would determine that our by-laws provisions are valid, once the relevant facts involved confirm that Banamex is the owner of 14.9% of our common shares, the courts should declare the acquisition by Banamex of such common shares null and void. As part of this litigation, the Mexican courts have granted a petition by Vitro to temporarily suspend the trading and exercise of any corporate rights by Banamex of such common shares, pending definitive resolution of the lawsuit filed by Vitro. See “Section 7. Major Shareholders”.
Dividend Policy
Holders of the majority of our issued and outstanding Shares, acting at a general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, determine whether dividends are to be paid by Vitro and the amount and date of their payment. This decision is generally, but not necessarily, based on the recommendation of Vitro’s Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, taking into account our financial position generally determines and proposes to the general ordinary shareholders meeting the timing for the payment of the dividends See “Item 3. Key Information—Selected Consolidated Financial Information—Dividends per Share” for the dividends we have paid since 2003.
Significant Changes
Since the date of our annual financial statements no significant change in our financial information has occurred.

 

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Item 9.  The Offer and Listing
Unless the context otherwise requires, in this Item 9 the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and not its consolidated subsidiaries or the entities with which it consolidated.
LISTING DETAILS
We are registered as a public company in Mexico. Our shares are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange, where they trade under the symbol “VITROA.” Our ADSs are listed on the NYSE and trade under the symbol “VTO.” On November 29, 2006 Vitro changed its name as approved a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting from Vitro, S.A. de C.V. to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. due to a requirement of the Ley del Mercado de Valores, which we refer to as Mexican Law of the Securities Market, issued on June 28, 2006. This new law requires every company that is listed on the BMV, to include “Bursátil” (publicly traded) in their legal name or use the letter “B” after S.A.
The following table sets forth, for each year in the five year period ended December 31, 2007, the reported highest and lowest market quotation in nominal pesos on the Mexican Stock Exchange for our shares, and the high and low sales price in nominal dollars on the NYSE for our ADSs. There is no public market outside of Mexico for our shares.
                                 
    BMV     NYSE  
    Pesos per Share (1)(2)     U.S. dollars per ADS (2)(3)  
Year   High     Low     High     Low  
 
                               
2003
  Ps. 11.63     Ps. 7.03     $ 3.10     $ 2.00  
2004
    14.66       9.75       4.02       2.47  
2005
    14.58       7.33       4.08       2.07  
2006
    20.30       8.35       5.55       2.19  
2007
    30.99       19.06       8.53       5.16  
 
     
(1)    
Source: Infosel.
 
(2)    
Not adjusted for dividends.
 
(3)  
 Each of our ADSs indirectly represents three of our shares.
The following table sets forth, for each quarter in the three year period ended December 31, 2007, and for the first quarter of 2008, the reported highest and lowest market quotation in nominal pesos on the Mexican Stock Exchange for our shares and the high and low sales price in nominal dollars on the NYSE for our ADSs.
                                 
    BMV     NYSE  
    Pesos per Share (1)(2)     U.S. dollars per ADS (2)(3)  
Year   High     Low     High     Low  
2005
                               
First Quarter
  Ps. 12.93     Ps. 9.01     $ 3.45     $ 2.40  
Second Quarter
    9.90       7.33       2.63       2.07  
Third Quarter
    14.07       7.90       3.88       2.23  
Fourth Quarter
    14.58       9.83       4.08       2.71  
2006
                               
First Quarter
  Ps. 14.55     Ps. 9.90     $ 4.06     $ 2.71  
Second Quarter
    11.32       8.35       3.10       2.19  
Third Quarter
    13.62       9.33       3.70       2.51  
Fourth Quarter
    20.30       12.38       5.55       3.32  
2007
                               
First Quarter
  Ps. 24.68     Ps. 19.06     $ 6.72     $ 5.16  
Second Quarter
    29.58       24.47       8.30       6.63  
Third Quarter
    30.99       24.84       8.53       6.63  
Fourth Quarter
    28.61       19.10       7.88       5.25  
2008
                               
First Quarter
  Ps. 24.00     Ps. 16.90     $ 6.58     $ 4.70  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Infosel.
 
(2)  
Not adjusted for dividends.
 
(3)  
Each of our ADSs indirectly represents three of our shares.

 

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The following table sets forth, for each month in the six-month period ended May 31, 2008 and for the first 23 days of June, the reported highest and lowest market quotation in nominal pesos on the Mexican Stock Exchange for our shares and the high and low sales price in nominal dollars on the NYSE for our ADSs.
                                 
    BMV     NYSE  
    Pesos per Share (1)(2)     U.S. dollars per ADS (2)(3)  
Month   High     Low     High     Low  
December 2007
  Ps. 24.10     Ps. 19.80     $ 6.65     $ 5.46  
 
January 2008
  Ps. 24.00     Ps. 16.90     $ 6.58     $ 4.70  
 
February
    19.40       18.31       5.37       5.10  
 
March
    19.16       17.46       5.41       4.70  
 
April
    20.01       18.67       5.78       5.29  
 
May
    18.94       17.82       5.45       5.12  
 
June (through June 23, 2008)
    19.73       17.59       5.73       5.10  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Infosel.
 
(2)  
Not adjusted for dividends.
 
(3)  
Each of our ADSs indirectly represents three of our shares.

 

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MARKETS
Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange
The Mexican Stock Exchange, located in Mexico City, is the only stock exchange in Mexico. Operating continuously since 1907, it is organized as a corporation whose shares are held by brokerage firms, which are the sole authorized entities to trade on the exchange. Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange takes place electronically through the centralized automated system of the exchange, which is open each business day between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., Mexico City time. Most transactions in listed Mexican securities take place through the Mexican Stock Exchange. Trades on or off the Mexican Stock Exchange involving ten percent or more of an issuer’s outstanding capital stock must be reported to the CNBV, which in turn must notify the Mexican Stock Exchange of such trade. Directors, officers and other insiders must report to the CNBV any and all transactions undertaken with respect to securities of the issuer with which they are related. In addition, directors, officers and other insiders holding stock representing 5% or more of the outstanding capital stock of the related issuer may not buy or sell such stock within a period of three months from the date of their last purchase or sale.
The Mexican Stock Exchange publishes a daily official price list ( Boletín Diario de Precios y Cotizaciones ) that includes price information on each listed security traded that day. The Mexican Stock Exchange operates a system of automatic temporary suspensions of trading in shares of a particular issuer as a means of controlling excessive price volatility. Each day a price band is established with upper and lower limits. If during the day a bid or offer is accepted at a price outside this price band, trading in the shares is automatically suspended for one hour. Suspension periods in effect at the close of trading are not carried over to the next trading day. Our shares, as well as other securities of Mexican issuers that are publicly traded in the United States, however, are not subject to the above-described temporary suspension of trading rules dictated by the Mexican Stock Exchange. In addition, the Mexican Stock Exchange may also suspend trading of a security, including securities not subject to the automatic suspension systems, for up to five days if it determines that disorderly trading is occurring with respect to such security; such suspension may be extended beyond five days if so approved by the CNBV.
Trading on the New York Stock Exchange
Since November 19, 1991, our ADSs have been listed on the NYSE. Since May 6, 1992, each of our ADSs represents three CPOs issued by a Mexican trust, which we refer to as the “CPO Trust.” Nacional Financiera is the trustee for the CPO Trust and we refer to it as the “CPO Trustee.” Each CPO represents economic interests, but does not grant voting rights, in one of our shares held in the CPO Trust. The ADSs are evidenced by ADRs. ADRs evidencing ADSs are issued by Bank of New York, as depositary, which we refer to as the “Depositary”, pursuant to the Deposit Agreement dated as of June 24, 2005 among Vitro, S.A.B de C.V., the CPO Trustee, the Depositary and all registered holders, from time to time, of the ADRs issued thereunder. An ADR may evidence any number of ADSs.
As of April 17, 2008, approximately 12% of our outstanding shares were publicly held through CPOs and approximately 6% of our outstanding shares were publicly held through ADSs. Holders of ADSs and CPOs have no voting rights with respect to the underlying shares, but have all economic rights relating to those shares. Pursuant to the Trust Agreements dated as of November 24, 1989 and November 28, 1990, Nacional Financiera, as CPO Trustee, is required to vote our shares held by the CPO Trust in the same manner as the majority of our shares that are not so held that are voted at the relevant meeting. Consequently, under Mexican law, holders of CPOs and ADSs are not able to exercise voting or other rights granted to minorities. However, if a Mexican national acquires CPOs, it may request from the CPO Trustee the cancellation of such CPOs and delivery of the underlying shares.

 

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Item 10.  Additional Information.
Unless the context otherwise requires, in this Item 10 the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and not its consolidated subsidiaries or the entities with which it consolidated.
MEXICAN CORPORATE LAW AND BY-LAWS
Set forth below is a brief summary of certain provisions of our by-laws and applicable Mexican law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to our by-laws and applicable Mexican law.
General Information and Corporate Purpose
We were incorporated on August 27, 1936 as Fomento de Industria y Comercio, S.A., a corporation ( sociedad anónima ) formed under the laws of Mexico as the holding company for our then operating companies, among them Vidriera Monterrey, S.A., which was incorporated on December 6, 1909. The incorporation deed was registered on October 3, 1936 in the Registro Público de la Propiedad y del Comercio de Monterrey , which we refer to as the “Public Registry of Commerce of Monterrey,” as entry number 139, volume 82, book 3. On May 9, 1980, we changed our corporate name to Vitro, S.A. and the deed pursuant to which our name was changed was registered in the Public Registry of Commerce of Monterrey on June 9, 1980 as entry number 1,224, volume 117, book 4. We adopted the variable capital corporate form on March 30, 1998 and the deed pursuant to which we adopted such corporate form was registered in the Public Registry of Commerce of Monterrey on April 1, 1998 as entry number 2,091, volume 207-42, book 4. On December 7, 2006 we changed our corporate name to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., and the deed number 17,738, pursuant to which our name was changed was registered in the Public Registry of Commerce of Monterrey on December 15, 2006, with the electronic entry number 1062*9.
Our corporate domicile is San Pedro Garza García, State of Nuevo León, Mexico and our principal executive offices are located at Ave. Ricardo Margáin Zozaya 400, Col. Valle del Campestre, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, 66265 Mexico.
Pursuant to the second clause of our by-laws, our principal corporate purposes are (i) to subscribe for, dispose of or acquire shares of capital stock, bonds, obligaciones , certificates, promissory notes, securities granting optional rights and other securities ( títulos valor ) and other documents issued in series or masa and, in general, to carry on all such transactions permitted by law, (ii) to acquire or offer the shares representing our capital stock in accordance with the applicable law and the policies and resolutions of our Board of Directors regarding the acquisition and placement of shares of our capital stock through the Mexican Stock Exchange or through any other markets in which such shares are listed, (iii) to enter into contracts and transactions of a civil, mercantile, credit or financial nature including derivative transactions, repurchase agreement ( reportos ) and trusts ( fideicomiso ) in accordance with applicable law, (iv) to enter into loan agreements and to guarantee (as surety or otherwise), and grant liens to secure, the indebtedness of our subsidiaries and our affiliated or associated companies and, with the approval of our Board of Directors, of any other person, (v) to issue, accept, endorse and guarantee “ por aval ” negotiable instruments issued by us, our subsidiaries and our associated or affiliated companies and, with the approval of our Board of Directors, of any other third party, (vi) to render all kinds of services and to carry out analyses and studies with respect to the promotion, enhancement and restructuring of our subsidiaries and our associated or affiliated companies, (vii) to acquire, transfer, enlarge, modify, repair, maintain, administer, dispose of and lease such tangible property, real estate or derechos reales and derechos personales necessary for our operation and (viii) generally, to enter into agreements, to carry out transactions and to perform all acts necessary or convenient for the achievement of our fundamental corporate purposes.
Directors’ and Shareholders’ Conflict of Interest
The provisions of Mexican law described below govern issues relating to conflicts of interests that may arise between us, on the one hand, and our directors, the Secretary of the Board of Directors, and shareholders, on the other. Clause 42 of our by-laws states that any issue not expressly provided for in our by-laws will be governed by the Mexican Law of the Securities Market and Mexican General Law of Corporations. Pursuant to article 34 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, any of our directors or the Secretary of the Board of Directors who has a conflict of interest with us with respect to a transaction must disclose such fact to our other directors, must not be part and abstain from any discussions or voting on such transaction. Article 37 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market states that any of our directors that does not comply with the requirements described in the immediately foregoing sentence will be liable to us for any damages suffered by us arising out of such transaction.

 

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Under article 52 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, any of our shareholders that has a conflict of interest with us with respect to a transaction must abstain from voting on such transaction. Any of our shareholders that does not comply with the requirement described in the immediately foregoing sentence will be liable to us for any damages suffered by us arising out of such transaction, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without such shareholder’s favorable vote.
Related Party Transactions and Certain Other Transactions
Pursuant to article 28 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market and article 29 of our by-laws, our Board of Directors must approve, with the prior opinion of the Corporate Practices Committee the transactions between Vitro or its subsidiaries and our related parties.
Pursuant to article 29 section 14 (c) of our by-laws, our Board of Directors must approve, with the prior opinion of the corresponding Corporate Practices Committee the unusual or sporadic transactions or the transactions involving (i) the acquisition or disposition of 5% or more of our consolidated assets, (ii) guarantees or loans in an amount exceeding 5% of our consolidated assets. Investments in debt securities will be excluded if they comply with the corresponding Board of Directors’ policies. Pursuant to article 29 section 14 (b) of our by-laws, no Board of Directors’ approval is needed in the following transactions, so long the policies and guidelines approved by the Board of Directors are followed: (i) transactions where the amount involved is not material to the Company or our subsidiaries, (ii) transactions among the Company and its subsidiaries made in the ordinary course of business, at fair market value or appraised by external independent appraisals and (iii) transactions with employees, so long as they are made on an arms length basis or as part of their labor fringe benefits.
In addition, our by-laws require that our key executive directors (“Key Executive Directors”) obtain the authorization from our Board of Directors with the prior approval of our Audit Committee to enter into any transaction with Vitro or its subsidiaries outside the ordinary course of business.
Our Business Conduct and Professional Responsibility Code requires our employees to disclose any circumstance which is or appears to be a conflict of interest between our employees and us.
Directors’ Compensation
Article 13 and 22 of our by-laws and article 181 of the Mexican General Law of Corporations require that a majority of our shares present at the annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting determine our directors’ compensation for the immediately subsequent year.
Capital Structure
As a sociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable , a portion of our capital must be fixed capital and we may have variable capital.
Our fixed capital amounts to Ps. 324 million, represented by 324,000,000 of our class I Series A shares and our variable capital amounts to Ps. 63 million, represented by 62,857,143 of our class II Series A shares.
Pursuant to our by-laws and Mexican law, our shares may be held only by Mexican investors. No share can be owned directly or indirectly by non-Mexican investors. However, non-Mexican investors may acquire an economic interest in our shares by holding CPOs. Any acquisition of our shares by non-Mexican investors in violation of our by-laws or Mexican law would be null and void and could even be cancelled. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Mexican Corporate Law and By-Laws—Description of CPOs.”

 

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Share Registration and Transfer
Our shares are evidenced by share certificates in registered form. Our shareholders may hold their shares in the form of physical certificates or indirectly through institutions that have an account with S.D. Indeval Institución para el Depósito de Valores, S.A. de C.V., which we refer to as “Indeval.” Brokers, banks or other entities approved by the CNBV, which we collectively refer to as “Indeval Depositors,” may maintain accounts at Indeval. We maintain a registry of our shareholders who have either received physical certificates evidencing our shares or are holding our shares through an Indeval Depositors. Only persons listed in such registry and persons holding statements issued by Indeval or an Indeval Depositor evidencing ownership of our shares will be recognized as our shareholders, as long as they are not holding shares in violation of our by-laws.
Limitation on Acquiring Shares
In accordance with article 48 of the Mexican Law of The Securities Market, our bylaws prohibit the acquisition by any person, or group acting in concert either directly or through CPOs or ADRs, of more than 9.9% of our outstanding shares without the prior written approval of our Board of Directors.
The above applies to, among other things: a) the purchase or acquisition by any mean of Series “A” shares representing the capital stock of the Company or any other Series issued or to be issued by the Company, including CPOs whose underlying value is provided by shares issued by the Company; share deposit certificates or any other document that evidences rights over share of the Company; b) the purchase or acquisition of any right of the holders of Series “A” shares or any other Series to be issued by the Company in the future; c) any agreement or legal act which intends to limit or results in the transfer of any other right of the stockholders of the Company, including financial derivatives, as well as any other act that involves the loss or limitation of the voting rights granted by the shares representing the capital stock of the Company; and d) a purchase or acquisition intended by one or more interested parties acting as a group or who are related to one another, de facto or de jure, to take decisions as a group, partnership or consortium.
The prior written approval by our Board of Directors referred to above, is required notwithstanding whether the purchase or acquisition of any share, securities and/or rights is executed in or out of the Mexican Stock Exchange, directly or indirectly through public offer, private offer or through any other way, in one or several transactions of any nature, simultaneously or successive, in Mexico or abroad.
Also, the prior written approval by the Board of Directors is required for entering into agreements, or taking other acts, whether oral or written, which create mechanisms or arrangements under which the number of votes covered by such agreements or actions is more than 9.9% of our outstanding shares. The approval of our Board of Directors of such ownership, the entering into of such agreements or the taking of such actions is based upon considerations set forth in our bylaws, as provided by the Mexican Law of the Securities Market.
The agreements by minority shareholders to appoint a director are not subject to the above. Such agreements shall be subject to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market and shall not be enforceable against the Company in prejudice of the other shareholders or the economic or business interest of the Company.
In the event of any purchase of shares of our common stock CPOs or ADRs or the entering into of such agreements or taking of such actions covering shares of our common stock without complying with the provisions of our bylaws, the common shares shall not be entitled to any voting right or authority in the Shareholders Meetings of the Company, nor any authority to exercise any other corporate right. Further, in such event, the Company will not register, acknowledge or provide any value to the share deposit certificates issued by any financial institution or securities deposit certificates in the country, to evidence the right of attendance at a Shareholders’ Meeting.
All of the provisions mentioned above shall not apply to: a) hereditary transfer of shares; and b) increases in the percentages of stock equity due to any reductions or increases of the capital stock approved by the Shareholders Meeting, except for any merger with entities affiliated with a corporate group different than the one headed by the Company.

 

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Voting Rights; Preferences and Restrictions
Although at least 50% of our outstanding shares acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting must approve the issuance of new series or classes of our common stock, whose terms may contain certain preferences or impose certain restrictions, no such series of our common stock has been issued. Each of our shares entitles the holder thereof to one vote at each of our general shareholders’ meetings. However, the holders of CPOs or ADSs are not entitled to the voting rights appurtenant to our shares underlying their CPOs or ADSs. For a detailed description of this limitation, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Mexican Corporate Law and By-Laws—Description of CPOs.”
So long as our shares are registered at the Securities Section of the RNV we may not issue shares of common stock that do not grant a right to vote or limit other corporate rights without the approval of (i) the CNBV and (ii) at least 50% of our outstanding shares acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Pursuant to article 7 of our by-laws, there may not exist outstanding shares of our common stock whose terms are different than the terms of our shares in excess of 25% of outstanding capital stock provided however, that the CNBV may authorize the increase of the foregoing limit by an additional 25% of our outstanding capital stock, which the CNBV considers that are actually trading and provided further that such additional shares must be non voting or otherwise restricted shares and must be converted into our common shares within five years of their issuance.
Dividends
At each of our annual general ordinary shareholders’ meetings, our CEO must submit our consolidated financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with the external auditors’ opinion, to our shareholders for their consideration and approval. If our shareholders approve such financial statements, they must determine, subject to the immediately following sentence, the allocation of our distributable earnings for the preceding fiscal year. Pursuant to our by-laws, 5% of our net income in any year must be allocated to a legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20% of our capital. Allocation to the legal reserve is determined without reference to inflation adjustments required by Mexican FRS. Thereafter, a majority of our shareholders present at such annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting may allocate all or a portion of the remainder of our net income to a reserve fund for the repurchase of our shares or for the creation of other reserve funds.
Those of our shares that are fully paid and outstanding at the time a dividend or other distribution is declared are entitled to share equally in such dividend or other distribution. Those of our shares that are partially paid are entitled to share in a dividend or distribution in the same proportion that such shares have been paid at the time of the declaration of such dividend or distribution. In accordance with the Código de Comercio , which we refer to as the “Mexican Code of Commerce,” our shareholders have five years to claim their dividends, beginning on the date the dividends are declared payable. If the dividends are not claimed during such period, a shareholder’s right to the dividend is extinguished. For a description of dividend rights applicable to holders of CPOs, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Mexican Corporate Law and By-Laws—Description of CPOs.”
Pursuant to article 17 of the Mexican General Law of Corporations, any agreement which excludes one or more of our shareholders from receiving its proportional share of our distributable net income is unenforceable.
Liquidation
Upon our dissolution, one or more liquidators, which will wind up our affairs, must be appointed by a majority of our shares present at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Those of our shares that are fully paid and outstanding at the time of our dissolution will be entitled to share equally in any distribution upon liquidation. Those of our shares that are partially paid at the time of our dissolution will be entitled to share in a liquidation distribution in the same manner as they would in a dividend distribution.
Employee’s Mandatory Share in the Company’s Profits
Pursuant to Mexican law, each of us and our subsidiaries with employees must pay to such employees 10% of the previous year’s taxable income of such entity (as computed for these purposes), pursuant to such law.

 

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Capital Reduction
Our shares are subject to redemption in connection with a reduction in our capital. Our capital may be reduced in the following situations: (i) to absorb losses, (ii) to return paid-in capital to shareholders, (iii) to redeem our shares with retained earnings, (iv) to release shareholders with respect to subscribed but unpaid shares, (v) as a result of a violation of clause fifth of its by-laws, and (vi) upon a purchase of our shares conducted in accordance with article 8 of our by-laws. A reduction in clauses (i) to (vi) above must be approved by at least 50% of our outstanding shares acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. The reduction of variable capital must be approved by majority in the general ordinary shareholders’meeting.
The capital reduction described in clause (i) of the foregoing paragraph must be on a pro rata basis among all of our outstanding shares. Upon such capital reduction, we are not required to cancel the redeemed shares.
In the event of a capital reduction described in clause (ii) of foregoing paragraph, we will select which of our shares will be canceled by lot before a Notary Public or an authorized mercantile official ( corredor titulado ). Resolutions regarding any such capital reduction must be published three times in the official gazette of our corporate domicile, which currently is San Pedro, Garza García, Nuevo León, allowing at least ten days after each publication.
Pursuant to article 136 of the Mexican General Law of Corporation, if we redeem our shares as described in clause (iii) of the foregoing paragraph, such redemption must be effected through: (i) the acquisition of such shares pursuant to public offer made on the Mexican Stock Exchange, or if a price and offer terms were determined by our shareholders, acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting or, our Board of Directors acting on their behalf by lot before a Notary Public or an authorized mercantile official ( corredor titulado ) or (ii) pursuant to clause 9 of our bylaws, on a pro rata basis among all of our outstanding shares, so that after the redemption is made, each of our shareholders will have the same ownership percentage of our outstanding shares that he, she or it had before the redemption. The redeemed shares must be canceled and our capital stock must be reduced accordingly.
A capital reduction described in clause (iv) of the foregoing paragraph must be published three times in the official gazette of our corporate domicile, which is currently San Pedro, Garza García, Nuevo León, allowing at least ten days after each publication.
In case of a violation of clause fifth of its by-laws, in connection with the exclusion of foreign direct or indirect investment (other than through CPO’s or ADS’s), Vitro is also entitled and compelled to reduce its capital, in an amount equal to such infringing investment.
Pursuant to article 50 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market the shareholders of the variable portion of the capital stock a of corporation ( “sociedad anónima bursátil” ) do not have the right of withdrawal ( “derecho de retiro” ) referred to in article 220 of the Mexican General Law of Corporation.
Purchase by us of our Shares
We may also decrease the number of outstanding shares by purchasing our shares in the Mexican Stock Exchange at prevailing market prices. Purchases would have the effect of reducing either (i) shareholders’ equity or (ii) paid-in capital. In accordance with our by-laws and the terms of article 56 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, we may acquire our shares through the Mexican Stock Exchange, at the current market price, provided that such purchase is accounted for either (i) as a reduction of our shareholders’ equity (if we choose to cancel the purchased shares) or (ii) as a reduction of our paid-in capital (if we choose to hold the purchased shares as treasury stock).
Our shareholders, acting at our annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, must resolve, for each year, the maximum amount we may use to purchase our shares. The aggregate amount we may use to purchase our shares may not exceed our cumulative retained earnings. Our Board of Directors may recommend to our annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting the maximum amount we may use to purchase our shares.

 

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Purchase Obligation
In accordance with our by-laws, if our registration with the RNV is canceled, whether by request of the CNBV or by our initiative with the prior approval of an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, the shareholders holding at least a 95% of our shares (with or without the right to vote) must make a public offer to purchase all other outstanding shares prior to effectiveness of such cancellation. In addition, if less than all of the outstanding shares are sold pursuant to the public offer to purchase, such shareholders must place in trust, for at least six months, the amount necessary to purchase all other outstanding shares.
The price at which such shares must be purchased is the higher of (i) the average closing quotation price made for the 30 trading days prior to the date at which the purchase will become effective, during a period which shall not be greater than six months and (ii) the book value per share, as reflected in the last quarterly report filed with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. If the numbers of days on which the shares have been traded during the period set forth in the preceding paragraph is less than 30 days, the number of days on which the shares were effectively traded shall be used instead for purposes of calculating the purchase price of the shares and if no trades were was made during such period the purchase must be done at book value. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the shareholders holding a majority of our shares having the right to make decisions, regardless their voting right at general shareholders’ meetings are not required to make such public offer if at least 95% of our shares present at the relevant general shareholders’ meeting approve the delisting of our shares from the Mexican Stock Exchange.
If there is one or more series of shares trading, the average closing quotation price mentioned above must be calculated for each series and the price at which such shares must be purchased must be the highest average closing quotation price.
Capital Increase; Preemptive Rights
At least 50% of our outstanding shares acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting may authorize an increase of the fixed portion of our capital and a majority of our shares present at a general ordinary shareholders’ meeting may increase the variable portion of our capital. Capital increases and decreases must be recorded in our Libro de Variaciones de Capital, which we refer to as the “Variations of Capital Stock Book” . An increase in our capital cannot be effected if the shares representing our then existing capital have not been paid in full. Our capital may be increased either through (i) contributions made by existing or new shareholders, (ii) the capitalization of share-related premiums or advances previously made by our shareholders, (iii) the capitalization of retained earnings or valuation reserves or (iv) the capitalization of our indebtedness.
In the event of a capital increase, a holder of issued and outstanding shares has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of our shares to maintain such holder’s existing proportional holdings of our shares. Preemptive rights must be exercised within 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in the Periódico Oficial del Estado de Nuevo León . Under Mexican law, such preferential rights may be assigned.
Pursuant to article 53 of the Mexican Law of Securities Market, our shareholders are not entitled to preferential rights to subscribe for our authorized but unissued shares issued in connection with a public offering.
Appraisal Rights
The Mexican General Law of Corporations provides that upon the adoption, at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, of any of the resolutions described in the following paragraph, dissenting shareholders will have the right to have the shares they hold appraised and to compel us to redeem such shares at the appraised price, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The appraisal price will be determined by the proportion of shares submitted for appraisal to our net worth as stated in our financial statements approved at the most recent general ordinary shareholders’ meeting.
Such appraisal rights are triggered by shareholders’ resolutions approving (i) changes in our corporate purpose, (ii) our reincorporation in a jurisdiction other than Mexico or (iii) our transformation from one corporate form to another. Dissenting shareholders must perfect their appraisal rights by making a request for appraisal of their shares within 15 days following the date on which the meeting adopting the relevant resolution adjourns.

 

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Modification of Shareholders’ Rights
The rights appurtenant to our shares may be modified only through a resolution adopted by at least 50% of our outstanding shares acting at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting.
Shareholders’ Meetings and Resolutions
General shareholders’ meetings may be ordinary meetings or extraordinary meetings. General extraordinary meetings are those called to consider (i) those matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican General Law of Corporations, (ii) redemption of our shares with retained earnings, (iii) approval of the maximum amount of capital increase and the terms of the issuance of treasury shares pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, (iv) cancellation of the registration of our shares with the Securities Section of the RNV, which shall be approved by at least 95% of our outstanding shares with or without vote and the previous approval of the CNBV, (v) authorization of clauses that prevent the acquisition of shares that grant the control either directly or indirectly to third parties of our shares as established in the Mexican Law of the Securities Market so long as 5% of the present shares do not vote against it and (vi) any other matter stated in the applicable law and the bylaws. General shareholders’ meetings called to consider all other matters, including increases and decreases of the variable portion of our capital, are ordinary meetings.
A general ordinary shareholders’ meeting must be held at least once a year within the first four months following the end of the prior fiscal year. The annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting is held every year to discuss (i) the annual reports of the Corporate Practices Committee, the Audit Committee and any other Committee of the Board of Directors, (ii) the CEO’s annual report including the external auditors audited financial statements, (iii) the Board of Directors opinion on the CEO’s annual report, (iv) the report referred to in article 172 section b) of the Mexican General Law of Corporations, which shall include the principal policies and accounting criteria used in the preparation of the financial information, (v) the report on the activities and operations where the Board of Directors was involved pursuant to the Mexican Law of Securities Market, (vi) the application of the balance of the profit and loss statement, (vii) the maximum amount of resources that may be used for the acquisition of shares or negotiable instruments representing such shares with the limitation that the total amount may not exceed the total amount of net earnings, including the retained earnings, (viii) the appointment and removal of the members of our Board of Directors , the qualification of their independence and their compensation and (ix) the appointment or removal of the President of the Corporate Practices Committee and of the President of the Audit Committee A general ordinary shareholders’ meeting may be called and held at any time to (i) to approve the transactions made by the Company or its subsidiaries during the fiscal year, if the transaction represents 25% or more of the consolidated assets according to the financial statements of the immediately previous quarter and that due to their terms may be consider as one transaction in the understanding that at such stockholders meeting all holders of shares may vote whether their vote is limited or not, (ii) to approve an increase or decrease of the variable portion of our capital, with the obligation of formalizing the resolution before the public notary, except as provided in clause eighth of our by-laws and (iii) any other matter where the General Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting is not competent or any matter established in the applicable law or our bylaws. At any such general ordinary shareholders’ meeting, any shareholder or group of shareholders holding 10% or more of our outstanding shares may appoint one of our directors. A majority of our shares present at the annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting must determine the number of directors that will comprise the Board of Directors for the immediately subsequent fiscal year. The directors elected at the annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting serve for a renewable term of one year. If at the end of the one year term of office any of our directors is not reelected at the annual general shareholders’ meeting or if a director resigns and there is no designation of a substitute or the most recently elected one has not taken office, then the prior director will continue to serve for up to a maximum term of 30 calendar days. Thereafter, the Board of Directors may appoint provisional directors that will be ratified or substituted at the next shareholders’ meeting.
The quorum for a general ordinary shareholders’ meeting convened at the first call is at least 50% of our outstanding shares entitled to vote at such meeting and action may be taken by holders of a majority of our shares present at such meeting. If a quorum is not present, a subsequent meeting may be called at which a quorum shall exist regardless of the number of our shares present at such subsequent meeting and action may be taken by a majority of our shares present at such subsequent meeting. The quorum for a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting convened at the first call is at least 75% of our shares entitled to vote at such meeting. If a quorum is not present, subsequent meetings may be called at which at least 50% of our shares entitled to vote at such subsequent meeting will constitute a quorum. Whether on first or subsequent calls to a meeting, actions at a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting may be taken only by at least 50% of our outstanding shares, except for the cancellation of the registration of our shares with the Securities Section of the RNV or the delisting of our shares from the Mexican Stock Exchange, which actions may only be taken by at least 95% of our outstanding shares.

 

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General shareholders’ meetings may be called by (i) our Board of Directors through its President or Secretary, by the Corporate Practices Committee, or the Audit Committee , (ii) 10% of our shares entitled to vote at such meeting by means of a request to the President of our Board of Directors, the President of the Corporate Practices Committee or the President of the Audit Committee to call such a meeting, (iii) a Mexican court if our Board of Directors or the Corporate Practices Committee or Audit Committee does not comply with a request as described in clause (ii) above and (iv) any of our shareholders, if no general shareholders’ meeting has been held for two consecutive years or if any of the following matters has not been addressed at a general shareholders’ meeting within such two year period: (a) the annual report of our CEO regarding our financial statements, (b) the allocation of our net income, (c) the appointment of our directors and qualification of their independence, (d) the compensation of our directors, (e) the annual reports on activities performed by the Committees, (f) Board of Directors’ reports on operations and activities where the latter intervened during the year, (g) Board of Directors’ report pursuant to article 172 paragraph b) of the Mexican General Law of Corporations, (h) report on tax compliance and (i) appointment of the Presidents of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committees. Notice of general shareholders’ meetings must be published in the Periódico Oficial del Estado de Nuevo León or in a newspaper of wide distribution in Monterrey, Mexico at least 15 calendar days prior to a general shareholders’ meeting. Only shareholders who are registered in our Share Registry and have deposited their shares at our offices or those who comply with the Mexican Law of Securities Market and our by-laws will be admitted as a shareholder to a general shareholders’ meeting. In order to attend and participate in a general shareholders’ meeting, each shareholder must obtain from our Secretary a certificate acknowledging his, her or its status as a shareholder at least 48 hours before the date of the general shareholders’ meeting. A shareholder may be represented by an attorney-in-fact who holds a duly granted proxy or power-of-attorney.
In accordance with article 51 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, at least 20% of our shares entitled to vote on a particular matter may oppose in court any shareholder action with respect to such matter, by filing a complaint with a court of law within 15 days after the adjournment of the general shareholders’ meeting at which such action was adopted. Such relief is only available to holders (i) who were entitled to vote on, or whose rights as shareholders were adversely affected by, the challenged shareholder action and (ii) whose shares were not represented when the action was taken or, if represented, voted against it.
Under article 38 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, we must initiate an action for civil liabilities against one or more of our directors upon the approval of a resolution of our shareholders to that effect. If our shareholders approve such a resolution, the persons against whom such action is brought will immediately cease to be one of our directors. Additionally, at least 5% of our outstanding shares may directly initiate such an action against our directors.
Asset Acquisitions and Divestitures
Pursuant to our by-laws, our Board of Directors has the exclusive and non assignable power to approve transactions involving (i) the acquisition or disposition of 5% or more of our total assets and (ii) guarantees by us in an amount exceeding 5% of our total assets.
Description of CPOs
The following is a description of certain provisions of (i) the Trust Agreement dated as of November 24, 1989, between Nacional Financiera, as CPO Trustee, and us, which we refer to as the “First Trust Agreement,” (ii) the Trust Agreement dated as of November 28, 1990, between Nacional Financiera, as CPO Trustee, and us, which we refer to as the “Second Trust Agreement” and, together with the First Trust Agreement, the “CPO Trust Agreements,” (iii) the public deed dated as of November 29, 1990, which evidences the issuance of CPOs by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the CPO Trust Agreements and which deed is registered with, and may be examined at, the Registro Público del Comercio de la Ciudad de México, D.F. , which deed we refer to as the “First CPO Deed,” (iv) the public deed dated as of June 24, 1998 which evidences the issuance of CPOs by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the CPO Trust Agreements and which deed is registered with, and may be examined at, the Registro Público del Comercio de la Ciudad de México, D.F. , which deed we refer to as the “Second CPO Deed,” and (v) applicable provisions of the Ley General de Títulos y Operaciones de Credito ,   which we refer to as the “Negotiable Instruments Law.” We refer to the First CPO Deed and the Second CPO Deed together as the “CPO Deeds.” This description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the CPO Trust Agreements, the CPO Deeds and the provisions of Mexican law referred to in this description.

 

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The CPO Trust Agreements established a master trust that enables non-Mexican investors to acquire CPOs representing economic interests in our shares. The trust is necessary because, under our by-laws, our shares may not be purchased or held directly or indirectly by non-Mexican investors, other than through these mechanisms.
The terms of the CPO Trust Agreement were authorized by an official communication dated November 27, 1990 from the Dirección General de Inversiones Extranjeras de la Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras . The CPO Trust Agreement is registered with the Registro Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras , which we refer to as the “National Registry of Foreign Investment.” An official communication of the CNBV authorized the issuance of CPOs by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the CPO Trust Agreements.
CPOs, which are negotiable instruments under Mexican law, have been issued by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the terms of the CPO Trust Agreements and the CPO Deeds and may be redeemed as described in “—Deposit and Withdrawal of our shares.” Each CPO represents an economic interest in one of our shares held in the CPO Trust. Currently, the maximum number of CPOs that can be issued pursuant to the CPO Deeds is 200,000,000. Holders of CPOs are not entitled to exercise any voting rights with respect to our shares held in the CPO Trust. Such rights are exercisable by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the terms of the CPO Trust Agreements. Pursuant to the Ley de Inversión Extranjera , which we refer to as the “Foreign Investment Law,” the CPO Trust Agreement qualifies as a “neutral investment” trust because, among other things, voting rights in respect of the underlying shares are exercisable only by the CPO Trustee and not by the holders of the CPOs.
Deposit and Withdrawal of our Shares
Holders of our shares may deliver such shares to the account of the CPO Trustee at Indeval and receive in return CPOs delivered by the CPO Trustee pursuant to the CPO Trust Agreements. All of our shares delivered to the CPO Trustee will be held in trust by the CPO Trustee in accordance with the terms and conditions of the CPO Trust Agreements. We will deem the CPO Trustee to be the holder of the shares delivered to the CPO Trustee. Transfer of ownership of those of our shares that underlie CPOs will be effected through the records maintained by Indeval and Indeval Participants.
The CPO Trustee will deliver CPOs in respect of our shares transferred as described above. All of the CPOs are evidenced by a single certificate, which we refer to as the “Global CPO,” which has been issued to and deposited with Indeval, acting as depositary. Ownership of CPOs deposited with Indeval will be shown on, and transfer of the ownership of such CPOs will be effected through, records maintained by Indeval and Indeval Participants. Holders of CPOs are not entitled to receive physical certificates evidencing such CPOs but may request statements issued by Indeval and Indeval Participants evidencing ownership of CPOs. Holders of CPOs that are non-Mexican investors are not entitled to withdraw the shares that are held in the CPO Trust and represented by CPOs.
Holders of CPOs may sell their CPOs (i) to a non-Mexican investor, in which case the non-Mexican investor will become the transferee of such CPOs or (ii) to a Mexican investor, through the Mexican Stock Exchange, in which case the Mexican investor would be the transferee of the shares underlying such CPOs directly or, by keeping such shares deposited at an account at Indeval, such CPOs will be held by the CPO Trustee pending delivery.
Dividends, Other Distributions and Preemptive and Other Rights
Holders of CPOs are entitled to receive the economic benefits related to the shares underlying such CPOs, including those dividends or distributions approved by our shareholders, and to receive the proceeds from the sale of such shares at the termination of the CPO Trust Agreement. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Mexican Coporate Law and By-Laws—Termination of the CPO Trust.” The CPO Trustee, through Indeval, will distribute cash dividends and other cash distributions received by it with respect to our shares held in the CPO Trust to the holders of the CPOs in proportion to their respective holdings in the same currency in which they were received. Dividends paid with respect to our shares underlying CPOs will be distributed to CPO holders by Indeval on the business day following the date on which Indeval receives the funds on behalf of the CPO Trustee.

 

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If a distribution by us consists of a stock dividend on our shares, such distributed shares will be transferred to Indeval on behalf of the CPO Trustee, and held in the CPO Trust. The CPO Trustee will distribute to the holders of outstanding CPOs, in proportion to their holdings, additional CPOs in an aggregate number equal to the aggregate number of our shares received by the CPO Trustee as the stock dividend. If the maximum amount of CPOs that may be delivered under the CPO Deeds would be exceeded as a result of a dividend on our shares, a new CPO deed will be entered into setting forth that new CPOs (including those CPOs exceeding the number of CPOs authorized under the CPO Deed) may be issued. If the CPO Trustee receives any distribution with respect to our shares held in the CPO Trust (other than in the form of cash or additional shares), the CPO Trustee will adopt such method as it may deem legal, equitable and practicable to effect the distribution of such property. If we offer, or cause to be offered, to the holders of our shares, the right to subscribe for additional shares, subject to applicable law, the CPO Trustee will offer to each holder of CPOs the right to instruct the CPO Trustee to subscribe for such holder’s proportionate share of such additional shares (subject to such holder providing the CPO Trustee (through Indeval) with the funds necessary to subscribe for such additional shares). If an offering of rights occurs and CPO holders provide the CPO Trustee with the necessary funds, the CPO Trustee (through Indeval) will subscribe for the corresponding number of our shares, which will be placed in the CPO Trust (to the extent possible), and deliver additional CPOs (through Indeval) in respect of such shares to the applicable CPO holders pursuant to the CPO Deeds or, if applicable, through a new CPO deed.
Holders of ADSs may exercise preemptive rights only if we register any newly issued shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or qualify for an exemption from registration. We intend to evaluate at the time of any offering of preemptive rights the costs and potential liabilities associated with registering additional shares and we may decide not to register any additional shares under the Securities Act of 1933. In such case, holders of our ADSs would not be able to exercise any preemptive rights.
According to Mexican law, dividends or other distributions and the proceeds from the sale of our shares held in the CPO Trust that are not received or claimed by a CPO holder within three years from the receipt of such dividends or distributions by the CPO Trustee or ten years from such sale will become the property of the Mexican Secretaría de Salud.
Changes Affecting our Shares
With respect to our shares, upon any change in par value, a stock split, any other reclassification, a merger or consolidation affecting us, or if we pay dividends by distributing shares or other goods different from our shares, the CPO Trustee shall determine, in an equitable and proportional manner, any required amendments to be made to the CPO Trust, the CPO Deeds and the CPOs, as well as to the instruments representing such CPOs. If in connection with a redemption of our shares, any of our shares held in the CPO Trust are called for redemption, the CPO Trustee will, in accordance with the instructions of the CPO Technical Committee (as defined in “—Administration of the CPO Trust”) determine, in any manner deemed to be legal, equitable and practicable, the CPOs that are to be redeemed (in a number equal to the number of our shares held in the CPO Trust called for redemption) and pay the holders of such CPOs their proportionate share of the consideration paid by us in respect thereof.
Voting of our Shares
Holders of CPOs are not entitled to exercise any voting rights with respect to our shares held in the CPO Trust. Such voting rights are exercisable only by the CPO Trustee, which is required by the terms of the CPO Trust to vote such shares in the same manner as a majority of our outstanding shares that are not held in the CPO Trust are voted at the relevant shareholders’ meeting. Because CPOs grant no voting rights to holders thereof, such holders do not have the benefit of any rights (including minority protection rights) granted under applicable law or our by-laws to holders of our shares.

 

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Administration of the CPO Trust
Pursuant to the terms of the CPO Trust Agreement, the CPO Trustee administers the CPO Trust under the direction of a technical committee. The technical committee of the CPO Trust, which we refer to as the “CPO Technical Committee,” consists of five members and their respective alternates. Each of the following entities appoints one member of the CPO Technical Committee: the Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras , the Mexican Stock Exchange, the Asociación Mexicana de Casas de Bolsa , the Common Representative (as defined below) and the CPO Trustee. Actions taken by the CPO Technical Committee must be approved by a majority of the members present at any meeting of such committee, at which at least the majority of the members are present. Banca Santander Serfín, Sociedad Anónima, Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero Serfín, has been appointed as the common representative of the holders of CPOs and we refer to it as the “Common Representative.”
Pursuant to the Negotiable Instruments Law, the duties of the Common Representative include, among others (i) verifying the due execution and terms of the CPO Trust Agreements, (ii) verifying the existence of our shares being held in the CPO Trust, (iii) authenticating the Global CPO, (iv) exercising the rights of the CPO holders in connection with the payment of any dividend or distribution to which such CPO holders are entitled, (v) undertaking any other action to protect the rights, actions or remedies to which CPO holders are entitled, (vi) calling and presiding over CPO holders’ general meetings, each of which we refer to as a “CPO General Meeting,” and (vii) carrying out the decisions adopted thereat. The Common Representative may request from the CPO Trustee   all information and data necessary for the performance of its duties. The CPO holders, by a resolution adopted at a duly held CPO General Meeting, may (i) revoke the appointment of the Common Representative and appoint a substitute Common Representative and (ii) instruct the Common Representative to undertake certain actions.
Holders of CPOs representing at least 10% of the aggregate number of outstanding CPOs may request that the Common Representative call a CPO General Meeting, including in such request the order of business for such meeting. Announcements of CPO General Meetings shall be published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación and in one of the newspapers with the widest distribution in the domicile of the CPO Trustee, which is currently México City, at least ten days in advance of the date on which the CPO General Meeting is scheduled. Announcements of CPO General Meetings shall include the order of business for such meetings.
In order for holders of CPOs to be entitled to attend CPO General Meetings, such holders must request a statement from Indeval or an Indeval Participant, not less than two days prior to the date on which such meeting is scheduled evidencing their holdings of CPOs and must submit such statement to the institution designated for such purpose in the notice for such meeting on or before the day prior to the date on which such meeting is scheduled. Persons appointed by an instrument in writing as representatives for a holder of CPOs will be entitled to attend CPO General Meetings.
At CPO General Meetings, each holder of a CPO will be entitled to one vote per CPO owned by him, her or it. Resolutions of the CPO holders must be approved by at least a majority of CPOs present at a CPO General Meeting at which there is a quorum. A quorum at a CPO General Meeting initially is constituted by holders of a majority of CPOs delivered and, if no quorum is present at such meeting, any CPOs present at a subsequently called CPO General Meeting shall constitute a quorum. Resolutions adopted by the required number of CPO at a duly convened CPO General Meeting will bind all CPOs, including absent and dissident holders.
Certain matters must be approved at a special CPO General Meeting at which, for the first call, at least 75% of the CPOs delivered must be present, and resolutions with respect to such matters must be approved by a majority of CPOs present at such meeting. Such matters include appointment and revocation of the Common Representative and the granting of consents, waivers or grace periods to the CPO Trustee. If a quorum is not present with respect to a CPO General Meeting discussing any such matters, a subsequent meeting may be called at which action may be taken regardless of the percentage of delivered CPOs present at such meeting.

 

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Enforcement of Rights of CPO Holders
In accordance with the Negotiable Instruments Law, CPO holders may, with certain limitations, individually and directly exercise certain rights with respect to CPOs. Such rights include the right to cause the CPO Trustee to distribute dividends or other distributions received by it (directly or through Indeval), to cause the Common Representative to protect the rights to which the CPO holders are entitled and to enforce such rights and to bring actions against the Common Representative for civil liabilities in the event of willful misconduct.
Status of CPO Holders
The CPO Trust Agreements and the CPO Deeds provide that any investor deemed a non-Mexican investor acquiring CPOs shall be considered under the CPO Trust Agreement, by virtue of its acquisition of CPOs, to be a Mexican national with respect to its holdings of CPOs and shall be deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government. If such protection is invoked, such CPO holder will forfeit its CPOs to the Mexican government. A holder of CPOs is deemed to have invoked the protection of the home government of such holder by, for example, asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the CPO holders’ rights or by bringing suit in its home jurisdiction against the Mexican government with respect to such rights. CPO holders will not be deemed to have waived any of their other rights, including any rights such holders may have under the United States securities laws or pursuant to the terms and provisions of the CPOs.
Termination of the CPO Trust
The CPO Trust Agreement and the CPOs issued under the CPO Deeds will expire 30 years after the date of execution of the CPO Trust Agreement. The CPO Trustee will commence the procedure for the termination of the CPO Trust Agreement 12 months prior to its expiration. At the time of such termination, the CPO Trustee will sell our shares held in the CPO Trust and will distribute the proceeds of such sale to the holders of the CPOs on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of CPOs owned by each holder. The CPO Trust may also be terminated upon a resolution approved by a majority of the CPOs present at a CPO General Meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the CPO Trust Agreement cannot be terminated if any dividends or other distributions previously received by the CPO Trustee remain unpaid to the CPO holders.
Upon the expiration of the CPO Trust Agreement, subject to obtaining the applicable authorizations from the Mexican government, the CPO Trustee and any CPO holder may execute a new trust agreement with the same terms as the CPO Trust Agreement. There can be no assurances that a new trust agreement will be executed. In such a case, our shares represented by the CPOs owned by any holder who executes the new trust agreement will be transferred by the CPO Trustee to the new trust created pursuant to such new trust agreement, and new ordinary participation certificates issued under the new trust agreement will be issued by the trustee and delivered to such holder.
Limitations Affecting ADSs Holders
Each of our shares is entitled to one vote at general shareholders’ meetings. Holders of ADRs and CPOs are not entitled to vote the underlying shares. Voting rights with respect to the underlying shares are exercisable only by the CPO Trustee, which is required to vote all such shares in the same manner as the majority of our shares that are not held in the CPO Trust are voted at the relevant meeting.
Our by-laws prohibit direct or indirect ownership of our shares by non-Mexican nationals. Any acquisition of our shares in violation of such provision would be null and void under Mexican law and such shares would be cancelled and our capital accordingly reduced. Non-Mexican nationals may, however, hold an economic interest in our shares through a neutral investment trust such as the CPO Trust.

 

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MATERIAL CONTRACTS
Divestitures
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Strategic Sales of Non-Core Businesses and Assets”, for a summary of the terms of the agreements governing the divestiture of certain of our subsidiaries.
Indebtedness
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” for a summary of the terms of the agreements and instruments governing our and our subsidiaries’ material indebtedness.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” for a description of our and our subsidiaries’ off-balance sheet arrangements.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Economies in Which We Participate—If foreign currency exchange controls and restrictions are imposed, we may not be able to service our debt in U.S. dollars, which exposes investors to foreign currency exchange risk .

 

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MATERIAL TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following summary contains a description of material U.S. federal income tax and Mexican federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs by a holder who or which is a citizen or resident of the United States, a U.S. domestic corporation or a person or entity that otherwise will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in respect of our ADSs or CPOs. This discussion does not purport to be a description of all of the possible tax considerations that may be relevant to the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs.
Mexican Federal Income Taxation
The following general summary of Mexican taxes is based on Mexican federal income tax laws in force on the date of this annual report, which laws are subject to change. It is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of the tax consequences under Mexican law of the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs by persons or entities which are not residents of Mexico for tax purposes.
This summary is limited to non-residents of Mexico, as defined below, who own our ADSs or CPOs. Each prospective investor should consult his, her or its own tax adviser as to the tax consequences of an investment in, the ownership of, and the disposition of, our ADSs or CPOs, including the effects of any Mexican, United States or any other jurisdiction’s federal, state or local tax laws (including, without limitation, income, estate and gift tax consequences in any of these jurisdictions).
For purposes of this summary, the term “Non-Resident Holder” means a holder that is not a resident of Mexico and does not hold our ADSs or CPOs in connection with the conduct of a trade or business through a permanent establishment in Mexico. For purposes of Mexican tax law, an individual is a resident of Mexico if he or she has established his or her domicile in Mexico, or if he or she has another domicile outside Mexico but his or her “center of vital interest” (as defined under the Mexican Fiscal Code) is located in Mexico. In addition to certain other circumstances, it is considered that the “center of vital interests” of an individual is located in Mexico, if more than 50% of that person’s total income during a calendar year originates from within Mexico and/or the individual’s main center of professional activities is in Mexico. A Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico unless such person can demonstrate that he or she is not a tax resident. A legal entity is a resident of Mexico if it has its principal place of business or its place of effective management located in Mexico. If a legal entity or an individual is deemed to have a permanent establishment in Mexico for tax purposes, all income attributable to such a permanent establishment will be subject to Mexican taxes, in accordance with applicable tax laws.
Our ADSs, CPOs and Shares
Taxation of Cash Distributions
Pursuant to the Mexican Income Tax Law, dividends or profits distributed by entities organized in Mexico will not be subject to income tax if such profits were previously taxed at the entity level. Otherwise such entities shall compute the income tax owed on such profits at the then effective tax rate and pay such taxes to the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit. In 2007 and thereafter, the effective tax rate will be 28%. Non-residents of Mexico will not be subject to income tax on dividends or profits paid by a Mexican company.
Taxation of Sale or Other Disposition
For Non-Resident Holders, proceeds from the sale or disposition of ADSs or CPOs made through an authorized stock exchange (such as the NYSE) recognized under a tax treaty to which Mexico is a party and, meeting certain additional requirements are exempt from Mexican tax, provided that the shares of the issuer of such stock are sold or disposed of through a stock market holding a concession under the Mexican Law of the Securities Market.
In the case of a public offer to purchase shares, there is a taxation exemption of gains realized by stockholders who held the applicable shares at the time such securities were registered in the Registro Nacional de Valores . Such exemption shall only apply if five years have elapsed from the initial placement of such shares on an authorized stock exchange or on a stock exchange recognized under a tax treaty to which Mexico is a party. Shares are deemed placed on an authorized stock exchange when at least 35% of the capital stock of such issuer have been placed on such authorized stock exchange.

 

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If a sale of our shares is made by a Non-Resident Holder on a stock exchange in Mexico, who fails to satisfy the requirements mentioned in this paragraph, taxes will be withheld at a rate of 5%, with no deduction, on the gross revenue realized by the seller. Non-Resident Holders may instead elect to have tax withheld equal to 20% of the net profit realized from the sale of our shares. In either case, the tax would be withheld by the party selling the shares through a stock market holding a concession under the Mexican Law of the Securities Market.
Non-Resident Holders are exempt from income tax in Mexico arising from the sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, provided the sale satisfies the requirements in the first paragraph of this section. If the sale of our ADSs or CPOs by a Non-Resident Holder fails to satisfy the requirements in that paragraph, the transaction will be subject to Mexican federal tax at a rate of 25% of the gross amount realized, with no deduction. If the Non-Resident Holder has a representative in Mexico according to the Income Tax Law, and such stockholder is a resident of a country which is not deemed subject to a territorial tax regime or a territory with a preferred tax regime, such stockholder may instead apply the maximum tax rate of 28% on the net profit realized. In addition, such stockholder is required to file an opinion of a public accountant registered with the tax authorities setting forth such accountant’s opinion that the tax was computed in accordance with the applicable provisions.
According to the Tax Treaty (as defined below), gains realized by a resident of the United States (a “U.S. Stockholder”) from the sale of stock (such as our CPOs or ADSs) may only be taxed in Mexico if, during the 12 month period preceding such sale, the U.S. Stockholder owned, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of our capital stock. Otherwise such gain to a U.S. Stockholder will not be subject to income tax in Mexico.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following summary of United States federal income taxes is based on United States federal income tax laws in force on the date on which this annual report is filed, which laws are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. It describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, as the case may be, by:
   
a citizen or resident of the United States;
 
   
a corporation (or entity taxable as a corporation) organized or created in the United States, any of its constituent states or their respective political subdivisions, as the case may be;
 
   
an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or
 
   
a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust (each, a “United States Holder”).
This section applies only to holders who hold ADSs or CPOs as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”). This section does not provide a complete analysis, listing or other description of all of the possible tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, as the case may be, and does not address tax consequences to persons with a special tax status such as dealers or traders in securities or currencies, United States Holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons holding our ADSs or CPOs as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion or other integrated transaction, banks, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts (REITs), regulated investment companies (RICs), tax-exempt entities, certain United States expatriates or corporations owning at least 10% of the total combined voting power of our capital stock.
If a partnership holds our ADSs or CPOs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our ADSs or CPOs should consult his, her or its own tax advisor.

 

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Investors should consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs including consequences under foreign, state and local tax laws.
For United States federal income tax purposes, a United States Holder of one of our ADSs generally will be treated as the beneficial owner of three CPOs. Each of our CPOs will represent an economic interest in one of our shares. The ADSs are evidenced by ADRs (see “Item 9. The Offer and Listing—Markets—Trading on the New York Stock Exchange”).
Our ADSs, CPOs and Shares
Taxation of Cash Distributions and Distributions of Stock
The gross amount of any distribution (other than in liquidation), including the fair market value of all distributions of our ADSs or CPOs whenever a holder may elect to receive cash distributions in lieu of distributions of our ADSs or CPOs, that you receive with respect to our ADSs or CPOs (before reduction for any Mexican tax, if any, withheld from such distributions) generally will be includible in your gross income on the day on which the Depositary receives such distribution on behalf of the holder of the applicable ADSs or CPOs. Depending on the amount of the dividend and the amount of the United States Holder’s tax basis in the applicable ADSs or CPOs, distributions will be taxed in the following manner.
To the extent that distributions paid by us with respect to the underlying shares do not exceed our earnings and profits (“E&P”), as calculated for United States federal income tax purposes, such distributions will be taxed as dividends. To the extent that distributions by us exceed our E&P, such distributions will be treated as a tax-free return of capital by both individual and corporate United States Holders to the extent of each such United States Holder’s basis in our ADSs or CPOs they hold, and will reduce such United States Holder’s basis in such ADSs or CPOs on a dollar-for-dollar basis (thereby increasing any gain or decreasing any loss on a disposition of such ADSs or CPOs). To the extent that the distributions exceed the United States Holders’ basis in our ADSs or CPOs they hold, each such individual or corporate United States Holder will be taxed as having recognized gain on the sale or disposition of such ADSs or CPOs. See “Item 9. The Offer and Listing—Markets—Our ADSs, CPOs and shares—Taxation of Sale or Other Disposition.”
We anticipate that any distributions on our ADSs and CPOs will be made in pesos, and any dividends so paid generally will be includible in a United States Holder’s gross income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day the CPO Trustee or Depositary, as applicable, receives the dividend. It is expected that the Depositary will, in the ordinary course, convert pesos received by it as distributions on our ADSs or CPOs into U.S. dollars. To the extent that the Depositary does not convert the pesos into U.S. dollars at the time that such United States Holder is required to include the distribution into gross income for United States federal income tax purposes, such United States Holder may recognize foreign exchange gain or loss, taxable as ordinary income or loss, on the later conversion of the pesos into U.S. dollars. The gain or loss recognized will generally be based upon the difference between the exchange rate in effect when the pesos are actually converted and the “spot” exchange rate in effect at the time the distribution is included in such United States Holder’s gross income and any gain will generally be treated as United States-source income for United States foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
Dividends paid by us will generally be treated as foreign source income for United States foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Subject to certain limitations, United States Holders generally may elect to claim a foreign tax credit against their United States federal income tax liability for foreign tax withheld (if any) from dividends received in respect of our ADSs or CPOs, as applicable. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends paid in respect of our ADSs or CPOs, as applicable, generally will be “passive income” and therefore any United States federal income tax imposed on these dividends cannot be offset by excess foreign tax credits that such United States Holders may have from foreign source income not qualifying as passive income, respectively. United States Holders that do not elect to claim a foreign tax credit may instead claim a deduction for foreign tax withheld (if any).

 

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Distributions of our shares to the CPO Trustee with respect to its holdings of our shares and distributions of our ADSs and CPOs to United States Holders with respect to their holdings of our ADSs and CPOs, as the case may be (such previously held ADSs or CPOs, “Old Stock”), that are pro rata with respect to their holdings of Old Stock will generally not be subject to United States federal income tax (except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares, CPOs and ADSs). The basis of our CPOs and ADSs so received will be determined by allocating the United States Holder’s adjusted basis in the Old Stock between the Old Stock and the CPOs and ADSs so received.
Taxation of Sale or Other Disposition
Unless a nonrecognition provision applies, a United States Holder will recognize capital gain or loss upon a sale or other disposition of our ADSs or CPOs in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on their disposition and such United States Holder’s basis in our ADSs or CPOs. Under current law, capital gains realized by corporate and individual taxpayers are generally subject to United States federal income taxes at the same rate as ordinary income, except that long-term capital gains realized by individuals, trusts and estates are subject to federal income taxes at a maximum rate of 15% currently. Certain limitations exist on the deductibility of capital losses by both corporate and individual taxpayers. Capital gains and losses on the sale or other disposition by a United States Holder of our ADSs or CPOs generally should constitute gains or losses from sources within the United States.
For cash basis United States Holders who receive foreign currency in connection with a sale or other taxable disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, as applicable, the amount realized will be based on the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency received with respect to such ADSs or CPOs as determined on the settlement date of such sale or other taxable disposition.
Accrual basis United States Holders may elect the same treatment required of cash basis taxpayers with respect to a sale or other taxable disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, as applicable, provided that the election is applied consistently from year to year. Such election may not be changed without the consent of the United States Internal Revenue Service. Accrual basis United States Holders who or which do not elect to be treated as cash basis taxpayers (pursuant to the United States Treasury Department Regulations applicable to foreign currency transactions) for this purpose may have a foreign currency gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes because of differences between the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency received prevailing on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition of our ADSs or CPOs, as applicable, and the date of payment. Any such currency gain or loss generally will constitute gain or loss from sources within the United States and generally will be treated as ordinary income or loss and would be in addition to gain or loss, if any, recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of our ADS or CPOs, as applicable.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
We believe that we are not currently, and we do not expect to become, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because this determination is made annually at the end of each of our taxable years and is dependent upon a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the value of our assets and the amount and type of our income, there can be no assurance that we will not become a PFIC. In general, a corporation organized outside the United States will be treated as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which either (a) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” or (b) on average at least 50% of the value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. If a United States Holder owns our ADSs or CPOs at a time when we become a PFIC and is not eligible to make or does not make certain elections with respect to our ADSs or CPOs, such United States Holder could be liable for additional taxes and interest charges upon certain distributions by us or upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of such shares at a gain, whether or not we continue to be a PFIC.
Deposits, Withdrawals and Pre-Releases
Deposits and withdrawals by United States Holders of our CPOs in exchange for our ADSs and of our ADSs in exchange for our CPOs will not be subject to any United States federal income tax. The United States Treasury Department, however, has expressed concerns that parties involved in transactions where depositary shares are pre-released may be taking actions that are not consistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by the holders of the applicable ADSs. Accordingly, the analysis of the credibility of Mexican taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the United States Treasury Department.

 

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United States Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, information reporting requirements will apply to payments of dividends on our ADSs or CPOs and the proceeds of certain sales of our ADSs or CPOs in respect of United States Holders other than certain exempt persons (such as corporations). A 28% backup withholding tax will apply to such payments if the United States Holder fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number or other certification of exempt status or, with respect to certain payments, the United States Holder fails to report in full all dividend and interest income and the United States Internal Revenue Service notifies the payer of such under-reporting. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against a holder’s United States federal tax liability, and a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be obtained by filing the appropriate claim form with the United States Internal Revenue Service.
Tax Treaties
The benefits of treaties for avoidance of double taxation shall only be applicable to taxpayers who can demonstrate that they are tax residents in the applicable country for tax purposes and who comply with the conditions of the respective treaty.
A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and a Protocol thereto (as amended by two additional Protocols, the “Tax Treaty”) between the United States and Mexico became effective on January 1, 1994. Provisions of the Tax Treaty that may affect the taxation of certain United States Holders are included above. The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement that covers the exchange of information with respect to tax matters.
In addition, Mexico has in effect similar tax treaties with Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the informational reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act,” and file the following with the SEC:
   
annual reports on Form 20-F;
 
   
certain other reports or information that we make public under Mexican law, file with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange or distribute to our shareholders; and
 
   
other information.
You may access and read our SEC filings through the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports and other information that we file electronically with the SEC.
You may also read and copy any reports or other information that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. In addition, materials filed by us may also be inspected at the offices of the NYSE at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements and are not required to file proxy statements with the SEC. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
You may obtain copies of any of our SEC filings or any other document described in this annual report by requesting them in writing or by telephone at the following address and phone number:
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
Ave. Ricardo Margáin Zozaya 400,
Col. Valle del Campestre, San Pedro Garza García,
Nuevo León, 66265 México
Attention: Investor Relations Department
Telephone number: (52-81) 8863-1200
You may obtain additional information about us through our web site at http://www.vitro.com. The information contained therein is not part of this annual report.

 

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DIFFERENCES IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the Listed Company Manual of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards.
The table below discloses the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards.
     
NYSE Standards   Our Corporate Governance Practices
 
   
Director Independence . Majority of board of directors must be independent. §303A.01
  Director Independence . Pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, our shareholders are required to appoint a Board of Directors in which at least 25% of its members must be independent as defined under the Mexican Law of the Securities Market. However, Vitro has a Board of Directors composed of sixteen members, out of whom ten are independent, this is, 56.2% are considered independent directors. The Ordinary Shareholders Meeting is required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors and the CNBV has a term of 30 days to challenge such determination. The definition of independence under Mexican law differs from the NYSE standards. Under Article 26 of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, a director is not independent if such director is:
     
 
  (i) Key Executive Directors, an employee or the subsidiaries of the Company (one year cooling off period);
 
   
 
  (ii) a person who has a significant influence or authority over the Company, the Company’s affiliates or the corporate group to which the Company belongs;
 
   
 
  (iii) a shareholder who is part of a “group of persons” who has “control” over the Company.
 
   
 
  (iv) an important client, supplier, debtor or creditor (or a partner, director or employee thereof). A client and supplier is considered important where its sales to or purchases from the company represents more than 10% of the client’s or supplier’s total sales or purchases. A debtor or creditor is considered important whenever its loan or credit from to the company represents more than 15% of the debtor’s or creditor’s total assets;
 
   
 
  (v) an employee of a non-profit entity that receives contributions from the company that represent more than 15% of the total contributions received;
 
   
 
  (vi) a CEO or other high ranking officer of another company in which the issuer’s CEO or other high ranking officer is a member of the Board of Directors; or
 
   
 
  (vii) a “family member” related to any of the persons mentioned above in (i) through (iv).
 
   
 
  “Family member” includes a person’s relative of up to four degrees of consanguinity, affinity or civil, or a person’s spouse or partner, in the case of (i) and (iv) above.

 

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NYSE Standards   Our Corporate Governance Practices
 
   
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. Also, §303A.03requires a process for interested parties to communicate their concerns to non-management directors.
  Executive Sessions . Our non-management directors have not held executive sessions without management in the past, and under our bylaws and applicable Mexican law, they are not required to do so.
 
   
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of entirely independent directors is required. The committee must have a written charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. §303A.04
  Nominating Committee . We do not have a nominating committee or corporate governance committee. We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and it is not expressly recommended by the Mexican Law of the Securities Market. However the charter of the Corporate Practices Committee provides that this Committee shall supervise the composition of the Board and ensure compliance with the maximum number of members and with the minimum number of independent directors, as provided by Mexican law.
 
   
Compensation Committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must evaluate and approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. §303A.05
  Compensation Committee . The relevant compensation matters are brought to the attention of the Corporate Practices Committee, such as the (i) appointment and removal of the CEO and his or her total compensation, as well as the total compensation of the Chairman of the Board of Directors; (ii) approval of the policies for the appointment and total compensation of the other Key Executive Directors and (iii) approval of the maximum percentage of wages and salary increases per year.
 
   
 
  Our committee does not produce a report on executive compensation. However the charter of the Corporate Practices Committee specifies its duties in this regard.
 
   
Audit Committee. Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07.

The audit committee must be composed of a minimum of three independent directors, one of whom must have accounting or related financial management expertise. The committee must have written charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. Additionally, a listed company must have an internal audit function to assess risk management processes and the company’s system of internal control.
  Audit Committee . We have an audit committee of four members plus a non-member financial expert. Each member of the audit committee is independent, as independence is defined under the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, and also meets the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our audit committee operates primarily pursuant to a written charter adopted by our Board of Directors.
 
   
Equity Compensation Plans. Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions. §§303A.08 , 312.03 & 312.04
  Equity Compensation Plans. Shareholder approval is not expressly required under Mexican law or our bylaws for the adoption and amendment of an equity-compensation plan. However, the Mexican Law of the Securities Market require shareholder approval under certain circumstances.

 

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NYSE Standards   Our Corporate Governance Practices
 
   
Shareholder Approval for Issuance of Securities. Shareholder approval is required, subject to limited exceptions, for issuance of common stock, or of any securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock (even if not listed on the NYSE), (1) to a director, officer or substantial security holder of the company (each, a “Related Party”), (2) to a subsidiary, affiliate or other closely-related person of a Related Party, (3) to a company or entity in which a Related Party has a substantial interest, if the number of shares of common stock to be issued, or if the number of shares of common stock into which the securitiesmay be convertible or exercisable exceeds one percent of the number of shares of common stock or one percent of the voting power outstanding before such issuance, (4) that have voting power equal to at least 20% of the outstanding common stock voting power before such issuance, (5) that will increase the number of outstanding shares of common stock by at least 20% of the number of outstanding shares before such issuance or (6) that will result in a change of control of the issuer. §§312.03(b)-(e) & 312.04
  Shareholder Approval for Issuance of Securities . Mexican law and our bylaws require us to obtain shareholder approval of the issuance of equity securities.
 
   
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics are required, with prompt disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. The guidelines and code must be disclosed and publicly available and the code must contain compliance standards and procedures that will facilitate the effective operation of the code. §§303 A.09 & 303A.10
  Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We have adopted a code of ethics, which has been accepted by all of our directors and executive officers and other personnel. Our Corporate Practices Committee monitors the applicability of our code of ethics, and may propose amendments to the same, according to its charter. A copy of our code of ethics is available on our web site: www.vitro.com.
 
Solicitation of Proxies. Solicitation of proxies and provision for proxy materials is required for all meetings of shareholders. Copies of such proxy solicitations are to be provided to NYSE. §§402.01 & 402.04-.06
  Solicitation of Proxies . Pursuant to the provisions of the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, beginning on the date when the notice to the shareholders meeting is published, we immediately and free of any charge, make available to the shareholders the documents and information related to each item of the meeting agenda.
 
   
 
  Likewise, pursuant to the Mexican Law of the Securities Market, in order for the shareholders to be represented in the shareholders meetings, we elaborate and make available to them power of attorney forms that contain at least: The name of the Company, the items of the agenda and some blank spaces to be filled in by the shareholders to instruct their representatives how to exercise such power of attorney.

 

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NYSE Standards   Our Corporate Governance Practices
 
   
Website Requirements. The company must maintain a website that includes printable versions of board committee charters, corporate governance guidelines and the code of business conduct and ethics. Additionally, a foreign private issuer must include on its website English language disclosure of significant differences between its corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards. §§303A.11 & 303A.14
  Website Requirements . Pursuant to the applicable Mexican Law, we are not required to maintain printable versions of any document at our website nor information of significant differences between our corporate practices and NYSE standards. Additionally, we are not required to have information available other than in Spanish.  Under Mexican Law, we are required to maintain an updated website in Spanish that includes our current bylaws, our annual and quarterly reports and compliance report with the corporate governance code ( código de mejores prácticas corporativas ), material corporate restructuring and information about relevant events.  Additionally, our website contains Spanish printable versions of the charters of the Corporate Practices Committee, the Audit Committee and the Finance and Planning Committee as well as of the compliance report with the corporate governance code and of the code of ethics. We also have available at our website the English version of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards. 
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. You may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at its Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. As a foreign private issuer, we have been required to make filings with the SEC by electronic means since November 2002. Any filings we make electronically will be available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov and at our web site at http://www.vitro.com. (This URL is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. It is not intended to be an active hyperlink to our web site. The information on our web site, which might be accessible through a hyperlink resulting from this URL, is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this Annual Report.)

 

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Item 11.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our business activities require that we hold or issue financial instruments which expose us to market fluctuations of interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. To minimize our exposure to these risks, we utilize financial derivative instruments. We enter into derivative transactions for periods and amounts consistent with related underlying exposures. We do not enter into derivative transactions for arbitrage or speculative purposes. See note 3 e) and 8 to our consolidated financial statements.
Debt Subject to Market Risk
The table below sets forth information, as of December 31, 2007, regarding our debt obligations with maturities originally extending for more than one year and that are sensitive to changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates. For these debt obligations, the table presents scheduled principal payments according to their respective maturity dates. The fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt is based on (i) if there is an observable market, the quoted market prices for the debt instrument (for example, the 2012 and 2017 Senior Notes) or (ii) if there is not an observable market, the present value of future cash flows, discounted back using the yield curve that applies to the most recent issuance of a comparable instrument. The financial data set forth in the following table has been restated in millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 2007.
                                                                 
                                                            Fair  
Expected Maturity Date   2008     2009     2010     2011     2012     Thereafter     Total     Value  
(million, except for percentages)      
Fixed-Rate Debt:
                                                               
Dollar-denominated (1)
  Ps. 332     Ps. 7     Ps. 7     Ps. 8     Ps. 3,231     Ps. 9,981     Ps. 13,566     Ps. 12,944  
Weighted-average coupon
    10.20 %                                                        
Floating-Rate Debt:
                                                               
Dollar-denominated (1)
  Ps. 249     Ps. 117     Ps. 63     Ps. 64     Ps. 64     Ps. 235     Ps. 792     Ps. 792  
Weighted-average interest rate
  LIBOR plus 1.66 %                                                      
Euro-denominated (2)
  Ps. 230     Ps. 11     Ps. 10     Ps. 9     Ps. 6     Ps. 11     Ps. 278     Ps. 278  
Weighted-average interest rate
  Euribor plus 1.02 %                                                      
Peso-denominated
  Ps. 131     Ps. 150     Ps.     Ps.     Ps.     Ps.     Ps. 282     Ps. 282  
Weighted-average interest rate
  CETES plus 3.25 %                                                      
 
     
(1)  
The principal amount of our dollar-denominated debt was translated to pesos at Ps.10.8662 per U.S. dollar, the Free Exchange Rate as of December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
The principal amount of our euro-denominated debt was translated at Ps. 15.9526 per euro, the exchange rate as of December 31, 2007.

 

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Interest Rate Risk
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into interest rate swap agreements to hedge future interest payments.
                                         
    Notional     Company     Company                
    Amount     pays interest     receives interest             Fair Value  
Derivative financial instruments   (million)     rate (in pesos)     rate (in US$)     Period     Asset  
Interest rate options
                                       
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 150     TIIE + 1.08 %     8.63 %   February 2007 to February 2012   Ps. 23  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 350     TIIE + 1.62 %     9.13 %   February 2007 to February 2012     58  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 350     TIIE + 1.60 %     9.13 %   February 2007 to February 2012     61  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 150     TIIE + 1.06 %     8.63 %   February 2007 to February 2012     24  
Interest rate swaps
  Ps. 3,294           8.10 %   TIIE (in pesos)   February 2007 to February 2012     28  
 
                                     
Total interest rate options (1)
                                  Ps. 194  
 
                                     
     
(1)  
The derivative asset related to the Company’s interest rate options includes payments made by the Company of Ps. 349 million, which resulted in a net loss of Ps. 155 million, and is presented in total comprehensive financing result.
As of March 31, 2008, we have entered into swap arrangements under which all interest payments, until 2012, on $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a variable peso rate and interest payments on another $500 million principal amount of our outstanding debt were swapped from a fixed dollar rate to a fixed peso rate. In the ordinary course of business, we also enter into currency swap and option agreements to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variations.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
In the ordinary course of business, we entered into currency swap and option agreements to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variations. The table below sets forth information, as of December 31, 2007, regarding our currency swaps and options used to hedge our exposure to U.S. dollar exchange rate risk.
                         
    Notional                
    Amount             Fair Value  
Derivative financial instruments   (million)     Period     Asset  
Foreign exchange options
                       
Exotic instruments
  US$ 266     January to April 2008   Ps. 2  
 
                     
Natural Gas Price Risk
The Company enters into different derivative agreements with several counterparties to protect ourselves against the volatility of natural gas prices. NYMEX natural gas prices have increased from an average price of $3.22 during 2003 to an average price of $7.12 during 2007, representing a cumulative increase of 120%. The closing price of natural gas on the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) as of June 23, 2008 was $13.20 per MMBTU.
The Company’s actual natural gas consumption is approximately 20 million MMBTUs per year.
In order to try to limit our exposure to the volatility of natural gas prices, we entered into hedges with several financial and other institutions. As of December 31, 2007, we had hedges on the price of natural gas for approximately 20% of our expected consumption needs in Mexico. As of December 31, 2007, the fair market value of these hedges was a liability of Ps. 550 million.

 

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    Notional         Fair Value  
    Amount         Asset  
Derivative financial instruments   (MMBTUs)     Period   (Liability)  
Natural gas contracts
                   
Capped swap (2)
    8,040,000     January to December 2008   Ps. (556 )
Swaps
    1,640,000     January to December 2008     6  
Options
    4,800,000     January to December 2008     10  
Exotic
    8,400,000     January to December 2008     (10 )
 
                 
Total natural gas contracts
              Ps. (550 )
 
                 
     
(2)  
In December 2007, the Company entered into a natural gas capped swap and executed an option to receive a prepayment from the counterparty for Ps. 534 million, which will be repaid throughout 2008. The net loss from the transaction was Ps. 22 million, which is recorded in total comprehensive financing result. In January 2008, the Company entered into a contrary position to that of the natural gas capped swap it acquired in 2007, offsetting the market risks from such instrument.

 

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Item 12.  Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
Item 13.  Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Covenant Compliance
The indentures that govern the terms of our indebtedness contain restrictive covenants that are customary for similar indebtedness. Such covenants include restrictions on our ability to (i) incur additional indebtedness unless, at the time of the incurrence, we satisfy certain conditions, (ii) pay dividends above a certain permitted amount or make other restricted payments, (iii) grant certain liens on our assets, (iv) make certain investments and (v) take part in certain merger, consolidation and asset sale transactions.
As of December 31, 2007, under the restrictive covenants of our current indentures, we are prohibited from incurring any additional debt (other than certain permitted exceptions) and from making certain investments (other than certain permitted investments). Such restrictions on debt incurrance and investments do not represent an event of default under our indentures nor do they allow the lenders to accelerate the maturity of the debt under such indentures.
Item 14.  Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Item 15.  Controls and Procedures
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer, chief administrative officer, and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2007. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer, chief administrative officer, and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer, chief administrative officer, and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer, chief administrative officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control ¾ Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The evaluation included a review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, and testing of the operating effectiveness of controls.
Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Controls ¾ Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C., Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report below.
(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

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In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 of the Company, and our report dated June 23, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and includes explanatory paragraphs regarding (1) the adoption of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities” (2) the nature and effect of differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (3) the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)” and (4) that our audit also comprehended the translation of Mexican peso amounts into U.S. dollar amounts in conformity with the basis stated in note 2 a) to such consolidated financial statements.
Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C.
Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
/s/: Jorge Alberto Villarreal
C.P.C. Jorge Alberto Villarreal
Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
June 23, 2008
(d) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During 2007, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that either materially affected, or would be reasonably likely to have a material effect, on our internal control over financial reporting other than (i) improvements made to our internal controls to address material weaknesses identified by us as of December 31, 2006 in the financial reporting cycle, specifically with regards to the calculation of deferred income taxes and the conversion of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries to Mexican FRS, and (ii) the Genesis Project implementation, including the ERP conversion, across Vitro’s global operating model. See “Item 3. Key Information—Recent Developments—Genesis Project”.
Item 16.  Reserved
Item 16A.  Audit Committee Financial Expert
As required by the regulations issued by the CNBV, on August 26, 2004, the Audit Committee engaged Mr. Alfonso González Migoya as the experto financiero (financial expert), serving as advisor to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Although the attributes necessary to be an experto financiero for purposes of the CNBV’s regulation are not the same attributes necessary to be an “audit committee financial expert” under the rules and regulations issued by the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE, Mr. Alfonso González meets all the requisite qualifications to be an “audit committee financial expert”, except that he is not a member of our Board of Directors. He receives compensation from us for his services rendered to the Audit Committee.
None of our directors meet the qualifications to be an “audit committee financial expert” (as defined under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE). We consider that the current number and composition of our Board of Directors is appropriate to effectively govern us and set our strategic direction. In addition, in accordance with the guidelines of the Mexican Código de Mejores Prácticas Corporativas , or best corporate practices code, we have decided not to increase the size of our Board of Directors, which would have allowed us to include a Director meeting the qualifications to be an “audit committee financial expert” on our Board of Directors and Audit Committee.

 

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Item 16B.  Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics (as defined under the rules and regulations of the SEC) that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, among others. The code of ethics became effective on February 1, 2004 and is available on our website at www.vitro.com. If the provisions of the code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer are amended, or if a waiver therefrom is granted, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website at the same address. As part of our Code of Ethics, on March 2005, we launched our anonymous internet submission system where all of our employees can denounce violations to the Code of Ethics, the website of this system is www.silentwhistle.com/. On the same date, a toll free number was enabled to also receive such complaints; this toll free number is 001-877-LEALTAD (532-5823).
Since the effectiveness of the code of ethics, it has not been amended nor have any waivers therefore been granted.
Item 16C.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the aggregate fees billed to us by Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C., Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, which we refer to as “Deloitte,” our independent registered public accounting firm for (i) Audit Fees, (ii) Audit-Related Fees, (iii) Tax Fees and (iv) Other Fees.
                                 
    For the year ended December 31,  
    2006     2007  
    (Ps. Millions)  
Audit Fees
  Ps. 57.1       88 %   Ps. 42.1       81 %
Audit-Related Fees
    5.6       9 %     7.9       15 %
Tax Fees
    2.4       4 %     2.1       4 %
Other Fees
    0.0       0 %     0.2       0 %
 
                       
Total
  Ps. 65.1       100 %   Ps. 52.3       100 %
 
                       
Audit Fees. The amount set forth as Audit Fees in the table above represents fees billed to us by Deloitte in connection with their audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, including the audit of our internal control over financial reporting, and the audit of the financial statements of each one of our subsidiaries.
Audit-Related Fees. The amount set forth as Audit-Related Fees in the table above represents fees billed to us by Deloitte in connection with attestation services related to the issuance of comfort letters related with our financing activities during 2005, 2006, and 2007 and services related to the review of our disclosure controls and procedures.
Tax Fees. The amount set forth as Tax Fees in the table above represents fees billed to us by Deloitte in connection with tax advice and compliance services.
Other Fees. The amount set forth as Other Fees in the table above represents fees billed to us by Deloitte in connection with the auditing of payments made to the workers’ social security system ( seguro social ) and foreign trade services.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our Audit Committee is responsible for hiring, compensating and supervising the work of Deloitte, our independent auditor. Generally, all services that Deloitte performs for us have to be authorized by our Audit Committee before the performance of those services begins. In some instances, however, we may use the de minimis exception provided for in the SEC regulations for non-auditing services. In any case, those amounts have never constituted more than 5% of such services. In each such instance, we will inform our Audit Committee regarding, and present for ratification, such services at the next meeting of our Audit Committee.

 

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Item 16D.  Exemption from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E.  Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
As of December 31, 2007 28,352,169 of our shares are held as treasury stock in addition to 17,464,614 of our shares held in the Stock Option Trust, which are treated as treasury shares for accounting purposes and under Mexican corporate law are considered issued and outstanding.
Item 17.  Financial Statements
We are furnishing financial statements pursuant to the instructions of Item 18 of Form 20-F.
Item 18.  Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and its subsidiaries and those of Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, attached to this annual report have been audited by Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C., Members of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, independent registered public accountants, as stated in their reports.
Index to Financial Statements:
         
    Page  
 
       
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
       
 
       
    F-1  
 
       
    F-3  
 
       
    F-5  
 
       
    F-6  
 
       
    F-7  
 
       
    F-8  
 
       
Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
       
 
       
    F-83  
 
       
    F-84  
 
       
    F-85  
 
       
    F-86  
 
       
    F-87  
 
       
    F-88  
 
       

 

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(DELOITTE LOGO)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
Garza Garcia, N.L., Mexico
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, all expressed in millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Effective January 1, 2005, as mentioned in Note 3 a), the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and recognized the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles of Ps. 124 million, net of tax.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Vitro S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations, changes in their stockholders’ equity and changes in their financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards.
Mexican Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of net income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and the determination of stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, to the extent summarized in Note 24.
As disclosed in Note 24 m) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R),” effective December 31, 2006.
Our audit also comprehended the translation of the Mexican peso amounts into U.S. dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 2 a. The translation of the financial statement amounts into U.S. dollars and the translation of the financial statements into English have been made solely for the convenience of readers.

 

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We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated June 23, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C.
Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
/s/: Jorge Alberto Villarreal
C.P.C. Jorge Alberto Villarreal
Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
June 23, 2008

 

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Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
                    Millions of  
                    US dollars  
                    (Convenience  
                    Translation)  
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007     2007  
 
                       
ASSETS
                       
 
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  Ps. 1,222     Ps. 1,638     US$ 151  
Trade receivables, net
    1,383       1,629       150  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
    1,223       968       89  
Derivative financial instruments
    343       425       39  
Taxes receivable
    136       559       52  
Other receivables
    886       1,797       165  
Inventories, net
    3,982       4,120       379  
 
                 
Current assets
    9,175       11,136       1,025  
 
                 
 
                       
Land and buildings, net
    8,763       8,426       776  
Machinery and equipment, net
    6,722       7,812       718  
Construction in progress
    838       1,603       148  
Goodwill
    788       873       80  
Intangible employee retirement obligation asset
    357       338       31  
Deferred taxes
    887       1,030       95  
Other assets
    1,165       969       89  
 
                 
Long-term assets
    19,520       21,051       1,937  
 
                 
 
Total assets
  Ps. 28,695     Ps. 32,187     US$ 2,962  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
         
Federico Sada G.
  Claudio L. Del Valle C.   Enrique Osorio L.
President and Chief Executive Officer   Chief Administrative Officer   Chief Financial Officer

 

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Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
                    Millions of  
                    US dollars  
                    (Convenience  
                    Translation)  
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007     2007  
 
                       
LIABILITIES
                       
 
                       
Short-term borrowings
  Ps. 319     Ps. 398     US$ 37  
Current maturities of long-term debt
    66       545       50  
Trade payables
    2,197       2,462       227  
Accrued expenses
    1,124       1,441       132  
Derivative financial instruments
    140       767       70  
Other current liabilities
    989       1,527       141  
 
                 
Current liabilities
    4,835       7,140       657  
 
                 
 
                       
Long-term debt
    12,441       13,975       1,286  
Employee retirement obligations
    1,564       1,245       115  
Deferred taxes
    252       236       22  
Other long-term liabilities
    237       205       18  
 
                 
Long-term liabilities
    14,494       15,661       1,441  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    19,329       22,801       2,098  
 
                 
Commitments and contingencies (note 12)
                       
 
                       
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                       
 
                       
Capital stock: no par value, 386,857,143 shares issued and outstanding in 2006 and 2007
    387       387       36  
Restatement of capital stock
    7,245       7,245       666  
 
                 
Restated capital stock
    7,632       7,632       702  
 
                       
Treasury stock (45,874,816 shares in 2006 and 45,816,783 in 2007)
    (621 )     (622 )     (57 )
Additional paid-in capital
    2,437       2,437       224  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
    (21,090 )     (21,154 )     (1,947 )
Cumulative initial effect of deferred taxes
    (1,810 )     (1,810 )     (166 )
Minimum labor liability adjustment
    (492 )     (326 )     (30 )
Retained earnings reserved for reacquisition of Vitro shares
    2,000       2,000       184  
Retained earnings
    19,418       19,269       1,774  
 
                 
Total majority interest
    7,474       7,426       684  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
    1,892       1,960       180  
 
                 
Total stockholders’ equity
    9,366       9,386       864  
 
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 28,695     Ps. 32,187     US$ 2,962  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007, except per share amounts)
                                 
                            Millions of  
                            US dollars  
                            (Convenience  
                            Translation)  
    Year ended December 31,     December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007     2007  
 
                               
Net sales
  Ps. 26,567     Ps. 27,876     Ps. 28,591     US$ 2,631  
Cost of sales
    19,198       20,230       20,187       1,858  
 
                       
 
                               
Gross profit
    7,369       7,646       8,404       773  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    5,530       5,529       5,700       524  
 
                       
 
                               
Operating income
    1,839       2,117       2,704       249  
 
                               
Total comprehensive financing result
    1,500       2,276       1,660       153  
 
                       
 
                               
Operating income (loss) after financing result
    339       (159 )     1,044       96  
 
                               
Other expenses (income), net
    494       (229 )     869       80  
 
                       
 
                               
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes
    (155 )     70       175       16  
 
                               
Income tax (benefit) expense
    (519 )     228       44       4  
 
                       
 
                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    364       (158 )     131       12  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
            480                  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    3       (31 )                
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax
    (124 )                        
 
                             
 
                               
Net income for the year
  Ps. 243     Ps. 291     Ps. 131     US$ 12  
 
                       
 
                               
Minority income (loss)
  Ps. 180     Ps. (110 )   Ps. 144     US$ 13  
 
                               
Net majority income (loss)
    63       401       (13 )     (1 )
 
                       
 
  Ps. 243     Ps. 291     Ps. 131     US$ 12  
 
                       
 
                               
Earnings per common share (based on weighted average shares outstanding of 273,116,069 for 2005,
                               
289,636,496 for 2006 and 341,042,193 for 2007):
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. 1.33     Ps. (0.54 )   Ps. 0.38     US$ 0.04  
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
            1.66                  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    0.01       (0.11 )                
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax
    (0.45 )                        
Minority (income) loss
    (0.66 )     0.38       (0.42 )     (0.04 )
 
                       
Net majority income (loss)
  Ps. 0.23     Ps. 1.39     Ps. (0.04 )   US$ 0.00  
 
                       
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                                 
                            Millions of US dollars  
                            (Convenience Translation)  
    Year ended December 31,     Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007     2007  
 
                               
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
                               
 
                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. 364     Ps. (158 )   Ps. 131     US$ 12  
Add (deduct) non-cash items:
                               
Depreciation and amortization
    1,854       1,795       1,414       130  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
    348       419       261       24  
Early extinguishment of employee retirement obligations
    18       8       97       9  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    219       198       170       16  
Loss (gain) from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    137       (68 )     11       1  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    385       393       122       11  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
    6       (795 )     47       4  
Assignment of Vitro Club Trust
    (458 )                        
Mark-to market of derivative financial instruments
    (130 )     (109 )     216       20  
Deferred taxes and workers’ profit sharing
    (743 )     49       (351 )     (32 )
 
                       
 
    2,000       1,732       2,118       195  
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables
    714       (14 )     (207 )     (19 )
(Increase) decrease in inventories
    (169 )     223       (308 )     (28 )
Increase in trade payables
    11       173       243       22  
Change in other current assets and liabilities
    (441 )     (443 )     429       39  
Employee retirement obligations
    (311 )     (589 )     (472 )     (43 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    3       (31 )                
Discontinued operations
    278       30                  
 
                       
 
                               
Net resources generated by operating activities
    2,085       1,081       1,803       166  
 
                       
 
                               
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                               
Proceeds from short-term bank loans
    3,103       4,893       2,650       244  
Proceeds from long-term bank loans
    5,865       1,481       14,289       1,315  
Amortization in real terms of bank loans
    (550 )     (564 )     (545 )     (50 )
Payment of short-term bank loans
    (4,406 )     (3,472 )     (4,864 )     (448 )
Payment of long-term bank loans
    (5,824 )     (5,472 )     (9,459 )     (870 )
Debt issuance costs
    (199 )     (23 )     (293 )     (27 )
Issuance of capital stock
            578                  
Dividends paid to stockholders of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
    (99 )     (95 )     (136 )     (13 )
Dividends paid to minority interest
    (96 )     (66 )     (79 )     (7 )
Sale (purchase) of treasury stock
    8       69       (1 )        
Other financing activities
    (23 )     75       487       45  
Discontinued operations
    (90 )     (20 )                
 
                       
 
                               
Net resources (used in) generated by financing activities
    (2,311 )     (2,616 )     2,049       189  
 
                       
 
                               
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                               
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    (1,107 )     (1,252 )     (2,695 )     (248 )
Proceeds from sale of land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    31       1,693       72       7  
Restricted cash
    1       419       (331 )     (30 )
Investment in subsidiaries
            (218 )     (181 )     (17 )
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    170       1,214       37       3  
Capital distribution to minority interest
            (109 )                
Other long-term assets
            (359 )     (36 )     (3 )
Deferred charges
    (76 )     (92 )     (302 )     (28 )
Discontinued operations
    (191 )     21                  
 
                       
Net resources (used in) generated by investing activities
    (1,172 )     1,317       (3,436 )     (316 )
 
                       
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (1,398 )     (218 )     416       39  
Balance at beginning of year
    2,838       1,440       1,222       112  
 
                       
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 1,440     Ps. 1,222     Ps. 1,638     US$ 151  
 
                       
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                                                                 
            Treasury             Cumulative                          
            stock and             initial     Minimum                    
    Restated     additional     Shortfall     effect of     labor                    
    capital     paid-in     in restatement     deferred     liability     Retained     Minority     Stockholders’  
    stock     capital     of capital     taxes     adjustment     earnings     interest     equity  
Balance at January 1, 2005
  Ps. 7,566     Ps. 471     Ps. (20,882 )   Ps. (1,810)     Ps. (466)     Ps. 20,984     Ps. 3,114     Ps. 8,977  
Dividends (Ps. 0.32 per share)
                                            (99 )             (99 )
Revoked dividend
                                            164               164  
Decrease in minority interest
                                                    (85 )     (85 )
Sale of treasury stock
            8                                               8  
Comprehensive income
                    24               15       63       169       271  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2005
    7,566       479       (20,858 )     (1,810 )     (451 )     21,112       3,198       9,236  
Dividends (Ps. 0.32 per share)
                                            (95 )             (95 )
Decrease in minority interest
            69                                       (609 )     (540 )
Dilution of minority interest
            687                                       (687 )        
Sale of treasury stock
            69                                               69  
Issuance of capital stock
    66       512                                               578  
Comprehensive income
                    (232 )             (41 )     401       (10 )     118  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2006
    7,632       1,816       (21,090 )     (1,810 )     (492 )     21,418       1,892       9,366  
Dividends (Ps. 0.37 per share)
                                            (136 )             (136 )
Decrease in minority interest
                                                    (57 )     (57 )
Purchase of treasury stock
            (1 )                                             (1 )
Comprehensive income
                    (64 )             166       (13 )     125       214  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2007
  Ps. 7,632     Ps. 1,815     Ps. (21,154 )   Ps. (1,810 )   Ps. (326 )   Ps. 21,269     Ps. 1,960     Ps. 9,386  
 
                                               
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007, except per share amounts)
1.  
Activities of the Company
 
   
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. (“Vitro”) is a Mexican holding company, and together with its subsidiaries serves multiple product markets, including construction and automotive glass; food and beverage, wine, liquor, cosmetics and pharmaceutical glass containers. Vitro’s subsidiaries also produce raw materials and equipment and capital goods for industrial use which are vertically integrated into the Glass Containers business unit.
 
2.  
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation
  a)  
Basis of presentation
 
     
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Vitro and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) are prepared on the basis of Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“NIFs” or “Mexican FRS”).
 
     
The consolidated financial statements presented herein are expressed in millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007. However, solely for the convenience of users, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007, have been translated into United States of America (“US”) dollars at the rate of Ps. 10.8662 per dollar, the rate of exchange determined by the Banco de México (Mexico’s Central Bank) on December 31, 2007. Such arithmetical translation should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts shown could be converted into US dollars at such rate or at any other rate.
 
     
In the financial statements and these notes, references to pesos or “Ps.” correspond to Mexican pesos, and references to dollars or “US$” correspond to dollar of United States of America (the “United States”).
 
  b)  
Consolidated subsidiaries
 
     
Those companies in which Vitro holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the capital stock, or which Vitro controls, are included in the consolidated financial statements. For those companies in which Vitro has joint control, the proportionate consolidation method is used. This method consists of consolidating on a proportionate basis the assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity and revenues and expenses (see note 20 f). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

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Table of Contents

     
At December 31, 2007, the main subsidiaries the Company consolidates are:
         
FLAT GLASS   GLASS CONTAINERS    
Viméxico S.A. de C.V. (1)   Vitro Envases Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V.    
(91.8%)   (100%)   CORPORATE
Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V.
  Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V.   Vitro Corporativo, S.A. de C.V.
 
       
- Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A de C.V. (55%) (3)
  Vidriera Monterrey, S.A. de C.V.   Servicios y Operaciones Financieras Vitro, S.A. de C.V.
 
       
 
  Vidriera Guadalajara, S.A. de C.V.    
 
       
Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V.
  Vidriera Los Reyes, S.A. de C.V.   Aerovitro, S.A. de C.V.
 
       
Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V.
  Vitro Cosmos, S.A. de C.V. (4)    
 
       
Vidrio Plano de México, S.A. de C.V.
  Vidriera Querétaro, S.A. de C.V.    
 
       
Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V.
  Vidriera Toluca, S.A. de C.V.    
 
       
Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. (2)
  Vitro Packaging, Inc.    
 
       
Cristales Automotrices, S.A. de C.V. (51%)
  Empresas Comegua S.A. (49.7%)    
 
       
Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V.
  Vidrio Lux, S.A.    
 
       
Vitro America, Inc.
  Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V.    
 
       
Vitro Colombia, S.A.
  Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V.    
 
       
Vitro Cristalglass, S.L. (60%)
       
 
       
- Vitro Chaves Industria de Vidro, S.A. (60%)
  Fabricación de Máquinas, S.A. de C.V.    
(1)  
Merger of Vitro Plan, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro Plan”) with Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. (“Viméxico”) — On October 18, 2006, Vitro and its subsidiary Vitro Corporativo, S.A. de C.V. (“Vicorp”) incorporated Viméxico as a Mexican corporation and, on October 30, 2006, Vitro transferred, as a capital contribution to Viméxico, an account receivable from Vitro Plan in the amount of US$ 135 million. Following the capital contribution, on December 8, 2006, Vicorp and Vitro, as shareholders of Viméxico, adopted a unanimous resolution approving the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico. On December 11, 2006, the shareholders of Vitro Plan concluded an extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting approving the merger of Vitro Plan into Viméxico based on financial information as of October 31, 2006, with Viméxico as the surviving entity. This merger became effective in December 2006 (see note 12 f).
 
   
As a consequence of the merger, all assets, rights, liabilities and obligations of Vitro Plan were assumed by Viméxico and all agreements, contracts and proceedings (legal or otherwise) to which Vitro Plan was a party were assumed by Viméxico, resulting in Viméxico’s total indebtedness of US$ 228 million as of the date of the merger. Prior to the merger, Vitro Plan was a direct 65% owned subsidiary of Vitro, and Pilkington Group LTD (“Pilkington”) owned a 35% in Vitro Plan. As a result of the merger, Viméxico is now a direct 91.8% owned subsidiary of Vitro, and Pilkington owns an 8.2% equity interest in Viméxico. Due to the merger, the account receivable for US$ 135 million was cancelled in its entirety.
  (2)  
On July 24, 2007, Viméxico acquired the remaining 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro AFG”) from AFG Industries Inc. (“AFG Industries”), in order to assume control and increase its ownership to 100%, subsequently changing its legal name to Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., (see note 20 f).

 

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Table of Contents

(3)  
On August 29, 2007, Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro VyC”), a subsidiary of Viméxico acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A. de C.V. (“PVA”), (see note 20 e).
(4)  
In December 2007, the Company’s subsidiary Vidriera México, S.A. de C.V. changed its legal name to Vitro Cosmos, S.A. de C.V.
  c)  
Translation of financial Statements of foreign subsidiaries — In order to consolidate the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, the effects of inflation were taken into consideration in accordance with Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation in Financial Information”, as amended. Such companies’ financial statements are translated into Mexican pesos using the current rate method. The assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity and the statement of operations accounts are translated into Mexican pesos using the exchange rate as of the date of the most recent balance sheet presented. The cumulative translation adjustment is included in shortfall in restatement of capital as a component of stockholders’ equity.
  d)  
Comprehensive income (loss) — Represents changes in stockholders’ equity during the year, for concepts other than distributions and activity in contributed common stock, and is comprised of the net income (loss) of the year, plus other comprehensive income (loss) items of the same period, which are presented directly in stockholders’ equity without affecting the consolidated statements of income. Other comprehensive income (loss) items consist of the shortfall in restatement of capital, the translation effects of foreign subsidiaries and the additional minimum labor liability adjustment.
  e)  
Classification of costs and expenses — Costs and expenses presented in the consolidated statements of operations were classified according to their function which allows for the analysis of the Company’s gross margin. The Company continues to present operating income in the statement of operations as it is an important financial indicator within the industry and helps to evaluate the Company’s performance. Operating income includes ordinary income and expenses as well as operating expenses. Such presentation is comparable with what was utilized for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006.

 

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Table of Contents

3.  
Summary of significant accounting policies
 
   
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with NIFs, which require that management make certain estimates and use certain assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and their related disclosures; however, actual results may differ from such estimates. The Company’s management, upon applying professional judgment, considers that estimates made and assumptions used were adequate under the circumstances. The significant accounting policies of the Company are as follows:
  a)  
Changes in accounting policies
 
     
Statement of income — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted new NIF B-3, “Statement of Income”, which now classifies revenues, costs and expenses into ordinary and non-ordinary. Ordinary items are derived from primary activities representing an entity’s main source of revenues. Non-ordinary items are derived from activities other than those representing an entity’s main source of revenues. Consequently, the classification of certain transactions as special and extraordinary was eliminated; these items are now part of other income and expenses and non-ordinary items, respectively. Statutory employee profit sharing (“PTU”) should now be presented as an ordinary expense and no longer presented within income taxes. According to Interpretation of Financial Information Standards Number 4, “Presentation of Statutory Employee Profit Sharing in the Statement of Income” (“INIF 4”), PTU should be included within other income and expenses. The main effect of adopting this interpretation was the reclassification of current and deferred PTU for 2005 and 2006 of Ps. 51 and Ps. 55, respectively, to other income and expenses.
 
     
Related parties — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF C-13, “Related Parties”, which broadens the concept “related parties” to include a) the overall business in which the reporting entity participates; b) close family members of key management or prominent executives; and c) any fund created in connection with a labor-related compensation plan. NIF C-13 also requires the following disclosures: 1) that the terms and conditions of consideration paid or received in transactions carried out between related parties be equivalent to those of similar transactions carried out between independent parties and the reporting entity, only if sufficient evidence exists; 2) benefits granted to the entity’s key management or prominent executives. Notes to the 2005 and 2006 consolidated financial statements were amended to comply with the new provisions.
 
     
Capitalization of comprehensive financing result — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF D-6, “Capitalization of Comprehensive Financing Result”, which establishes general capitalization standards. Some of these standards include: a) mandatory capitalization of comprehensive financing result (“CFR”) directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets; b) when financing in domestic currency is used to acquire assets, yields obtained from temporary investments before the capital expenditure is made are excluded from the amount capitalized; c) a methodology to calculate capitalizable CFR relating to funds from generic financing; d) regarding land, CFR may be capitalized if land is developed; and e) conditions that must be met to capitalize CFR and rules indicating when CFR should no longer be capitalized. In 2007, the Company capitalized CFR of Ps. 10 directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets. Through 2006, CFR was charged to current earnings.
 
     
Derivative financial instruments and hedging operations — Effective January 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and the effect was a charge to the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle in 2005 of Ps. 124, net of tax.
 
  b)  
Recognition of the effects of inflation — The Company restates its consolidated financial statements to Mexican peso purchasing power of the most recent balance sheet date presented. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of the prior year, which are presented for comparative purposes, have also been restated to Mexican pesos of the same purchasing power and, therefore, differ from those originally reported in the prior year.

 

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Table of Contents

     
Vitro’s Mexican subsidiaries use the “Indice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor” (Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or “NCPI”), published by Banco de México. For Vitro’s foreign subsidiaries, except as noted below, the Consumer Price Index – All Urban Consumers – All Items, Unadjusted (“CPI”) published by the US Labor Department is used to restate the financial statements, and the restated financial statements are translated into Mexican pesos using the applicable exchange rate at the end of the last period presented, except in the case of the Company’s subsidiaries located in Spain for which it applies the Price Consumption Index (“PCI”), published by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain before translation into Mexican pesos using the exchange rate of the Euro.
 
     
Recognition of the effects of inflation results mainly in inflationary gains or losses on monetary and nonmonetary items that are presented in the financial statements as follows:
   
Shortfall in restatement of capital — This item, which is an element of stockholders’ equity, represents the accumulated effect of holding nonmonetary assets and the effect of the initial monetary position gain or loss. The cumulative effect of holding nonmonetary assets represents the difference between the specific values of nonmonetary assets in excess of or below the increase attributable to general inflation.
   
Monetary position result — Monetary position result reflects the result of holding monetary assets and liabilities during periods of inflation. Values stated in current monetary units decrease in purchasing power over time. This means that losses are incurred by holding monetary assets, whereas gains are realized by maintaining monetary liabilities. The net effect is presented in the statements of operations as part of the total comprehensive financing result. For foreign subsidiaries the result from monetary position is calculated using the CPI, except in the case of the Company’s subsidiaries located in Spain for which it applies the PCI.
     
Statement of Changes in Financial Position — Bulletin B-12, “Statement of Changes in Financial Position“, requires presentation of the sources and uses of funds during the period measured as the differences, in constant pesos, between the beginning and ending balances of balance sheet items adjusted by the excess (shortfall) in restatement of capital. As required by Bulletin B-12, the monetary effect and the effect of changes in exchange rates are considered cash items in the determination of resources generated from operations due to the fact they affect the purchasing power of the entity.
 
  c)  
Cash and cash equivalents — Consist mainly of bank deposits in checking accounts and readily available investments of highly liquid short-term investments. They are valued at the lower of acquisition cost plus accrued yields or estimated net realizable value and are recognized in results of operations as they accrue.
 
  d)  
Investments in securities — According to its intent, from the date of acquisition, the Company classifies its investments in securities instruments in any of the following categories: (1) trading, when the Company intends to trade debt and equity instruments in the short-term, before their maturity, if any. These investments are stated at fair value; any fluctuations in the value of these investments are recognized in current earnings; (2) held-to-maturity, when the Company intends to and is financially capable of holding financial instruments until their maturity. These investments are recognized and maintained at amortized cost; and (3) available-for-sale, investments that include those that are classified neither as trading nor held-to-maturity. These investments are stated at fair value; any unrealized gains and losses resulting from valuation, net of income tax, are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity and reclassified to current earnings upon their sale or maturity. The monetary position resulting from the effects of inflation on available-for-sale investments is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Fair value is determined using prices quoted in recognized markets. If such instruments are not traded, fair value is determined by applying recognized technical valuation models.

 

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Table of Contents

     
Investments in securities classified as held-to-maturity and available-for-sale are subject to impairment tests. If there is evidence that the reduction in fair value is other than temporary, the impairment is recognized in current earnings.
 
     
Financial liabilities derived from the issuance of debt instruments are recorded at the value of the obligations they represent. Any expenses, premiums and discounts related to the issuance of debt financial instruments are amortized over the life of the instruments.
 
  e)  
Derivative financial instruments — The Company states all derivatives at fair value in the balance sheet, regardless of the purpose for holding them. Fair value is determined using prices quoted in recognized markets. If such instruments are not traded, fair value is determined by applying recognized valuation techniques.
 
     
When derivatives are entered into to hedge risks, and such derivatives meet all hedging requirements, their designation is documented at the beginning of the hedging transaction, describing the transaction’s objective, characteristics, accounting treatment and how the ineffectiveness of the instrument will be measured.
 
     
Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedges for accounting purposes are recognized as follows: (1) for fair value hedges, changes in both the derivative instrument and the hedged item are recognized in current earnings; (2) for cash flow hedges, changes in the derivative instrument are temporarily recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and then reclassified to current earnings when affected by the hedged item. Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value is immediately recognized in current earnings, within total comprehensive financing result, regardless of whether the derivative instrument is designated as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.
 
     
The Company uses interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts and different natural gas derivative instruments to manage its exposure to these market risks. The Company formally documents all hedging relationships, including their objectives and risk management strategies to carry out derivative transactions.

 

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Table of Contents

     
While certain derivative financial instruments are contracted for hedging from an economic point of view, they are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes because they do not meet all of the requirements and are instead classified as held-for-trading for accounting purposes. Changes in fair value of such derivative instruments are recognized in current earnings as a component of total comprehensive financing result.
 
     
The Company reviews all contracts entered into to identify embedded derivatives that should be segregated from the host contract for purposes of valuation and recognition. When an embedded derivative is identified and the host contract has not been stated at fair value and adequate elements for its valuation exist, the embedded derivative is segregated from the host contract, stated at fair value and classified as trading or designated as a financial instrument for hedging. Initial valuation and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives at the closing of each period are recognized in current earnings.
 
  f)  
Inventories and cost of sales — Inventories are stated at the lower of replacement cost using the latest purchase price method without exceeding net realizable value. Cost of sales is restated using replacement cost or the latest production cost at the time of the sale.
 
  g)  
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment — Expenditures for land, buildings, machinery and equipment, including renewals and improvements that extend useful lives, are capitalized and restated using the NCPI. The initial balance to apply the NCPI was the net replacement value of the Company’s long-lived asset as of December 31, 1996. For machinery and equipment purchased in a foreign country, the restatement is based on the inflation index mentioned above and the exchange rate at the end of each period.
 
     
Beginning on January 1, 2007, the carrying value of qualifying assets includes the capitalization of total comprehensive financing result.
 
     
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation begins in the month in which the asset is placed in service. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
         
    Years  
 
       
Buildings
    20 to 50  
Machinery and equipment
    3 to 30  

 

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Table of Contents

     
Maintenance and repair expenses are recorded as costs and expenses in the period incurred.
 
  h)  
Impairment of long-lived assets in use — The Company reviews the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in use when an impairment indicator suggests that such amounts might not be recoverable, considering the greater of the present value of future net cash flows or the net sales price upon disposal. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amounts exceed the greater of the amounts mentioned above. The impairment indicators considered for these purposes are, among others, the operating losses or negative cash flows in the period if they are combined with a history or projection of losses, depreciation and amortization charged to results, which in percentage terms in relation to revenues are substantially higher than that of previous years, obsolescence, reduction in the demand for the products manufactured, competition and other legal and economic factors.
  i)  
Provisions — Provisions are recognized for current obligations that result from a past event, are probable to result in the use of economic resources, and can be reasonably estimated.
  j)  
Goodwill — Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition. It is restated using the NCPI and at least once a year is subject to impairment tests.
  k)  
Employee retirement obligations — Seniority premiums, pension plans and severance payments are recognized as costs over the expected service period of employees and are calculated by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method at net discount rates. Accordingly, the liability is being accrued which, at present value, will cover the obligation from benefits projected to the estimated retirement date of the Company’s employees.
  l)  
Share-based payment plans — The Company has equity incentive plans that permit the Company to grant stock options and nonvested shares (“equity awards”) to certain employees and directors of the Company. The Company recognizes the fair value of equity awards computed at the award’s grant date over the period in which the requisite service is rendered.
  m)  
Foreign currency balances and transactions for Mexican subsidiaries — Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Mexican pesos at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange fluctuations are recorded as a component of net comprehensive financing result in the consolidated statements of operations.
  n)  
Revenue recognition — Revenues and related costs are recognized in the period in which risks and rewards of ownership of the inventories are transferred to customers, which generally coincides with the shipment of products to customers in satisfaction of orders.
  o)  
Statutory employee profit sharing (“PTU”) — Statutory employee profit sharing is recorded in the results of the year in which it is incurred and presented under other income and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Deferred PTU is derived from temporary differences between the accounting result and income for PTU purposes and is recognized only when it can be reasonably assumed that such difference will generate a liability or benefit, and there is no indication that circumstances will change in such a way that the liabilities will not be paid or benefits will not be realized.

 

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Table of Contents

  p)  
Income taxes — Income taxes are recorded in the results of the year in which they are incurred. Beginning October 2007, based on its financial projections, the Company must determine whether it will essentially incur income tax (“ISR”) or the new Business Flat Tax (“IETU”) and, accordingly, recognize deferred taxes based on the tax it will pay. Deferred taxes are calculated by applying the corresponding tax rate to the applicable temporary differences resulting from comparing the accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and including, if any, future benefits from tax loss carryforwards and certain tax credits. Deferred tax assets are recorded only when there is a high probability of recovery.
     
Tax on assets (“IMPAC”) paid that is expected to be recoverable is recorded as an advance payment of ISR and is presented in the balance sheet increasing the deferred ISR asset.
 
  q)  
Earnings (loss) per share — Basic earnings (loss) per common share are calculated by dividing consolidated net income (loss) of majority stockholders by the weighted average number of shares and equivalent common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are determined by adjusting consolidated net income and common shares on the assumption that the entity’s commitments to issue or exchange its own shares would be realized. Diluted earnings per share is not presented for periods in which the effect of including common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive or periods in which the Company records a net loss from continuing operations as was the case in 2006. In 2005 and 2007 diluted earnings per share was not presented as it is the same as basic earnings per share.
  r)  
Foreign subsidiaries as economic hedges — The Company’s management designated some of its foreign subsidiaries as economic hedges. The resulting exchange rate fluctuation is presented in the shortfall in restatement of capital within stockholders’ equity to the extent the net investment in the foreign subsidiary covers the debt. The result from monetary position is measured using inflation factors from the designated subsidiary’s country of origin. The effect related to this charge to the results of operations for 2005, 2006 and 2007 was a (charge) credit of Ps. (93), Ps. (13) and Ps. 16, respectively.
4.  
Discontinued operations
 
   
On June 16, 2006, the Company completed the sale of its 51% equity ownership interest in Vitrocrisa Holding, S. de R.L. de C.V. and subsidiaries, Crisa Libbey S.A. de C.V. and Crisa Industrial, LLC, (together “Vitrocrisa”) to Libbey, Inc. (“Libbey”), the owner of the other 49% equity interest, recognizing a gain on the sale of Ps. 480. The Company received proceeds of approximately US$ 119 million from this divestiture, comprised of US$ 80 million in cash from the sale of its equity interest, approximately US$ 28 million from the payment of intercompany receivables and US$ 11 million from the repayment of intercompany debt. As a part of this transaction, all of the liabilities of Vitrocrisa were assumed by Libbey, including bank debt of US$ 62 million as of May 31, 2006, except for labor liabilities of approximately US$ 27 million. Vitrocrisa, which was previously presented as one of the Company’s reportable segments, is presented as a discontinued operation as its disposition represented the termination of a significant activity of the Company.

 

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The following table discloses Vitrocrisa’s condensed statements of operations for the periods presented:
                 
    Year ended     Period from  
    December 31,     January 1, to  
Condensed statements of operations:   2005     June 16, 2006  
 
               
Net sales
  Ps. 2,349     Ps. 1,033  
Cost of sales
    2,008       861  
 
           
Gross profit
    341       172  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    277       129  
 
           
Operating income
    64       43  
Total comprehensive financing result
    52       102  
Other expenses (income), net
    12       (5 )
Income tax benefit
    (3 )     (23 )
 
           
Net income (loss)
  Ps. 3     Ps. (31 )
 
           
5.  
Trade receivables
  a)  
Trade receivables are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and other discounts of Ps. 277 and Ps. 301 at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
  b)  
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company recorded Ps. 57 and Ps. 388, respectively, as restricted cash. In 2006, the amount represents the collateral held with one of its counterparties in its natural gas hedges, and in 2007 includes cash deposited in a trust to pay principal and interest related to the Company’s 2011 Vena Bond, which will be paid in July 2008. Restricted cash is included in other current receivables.
  c)  
Sales of receivables — Vitro Cristalglass, S.L. (“Vitro Cristalglass”), a subsidiary of the Company, has entered into revolving factoring program agreements to sell trade accounts receivable with several financial institutions. In accordance with the terms of some of these agreements, the Company has the obligation to reimburse for uncollected receivables in the case of non-payment of customers. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007 the maximum capacity available under these programs was US$ 35 million and US$ 45 million, respectively. At such dates Vitro Cristalglass had sold approximately US$ 21 million and US$ 16 million of trade receivables, respectively.
  d)  
Securitization of trade receivables:
   
Securitization of Vitro Envases Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V. (“VENA”) trade receivables — On March 31, 2005, Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V. and Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., all subsidiaries of VENA, closed a five-year non-recourse revolving accounts receivable facility, through which such companies obtained approximately Ps. 550 (nominal amount) and US$ 19 million. The VENA subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell all of their trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to a trust (the “Trust”, a qualifying special purpose entity) that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote.

 

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The Ps. 550 (nominal amount) was obtained through the issuance of certified preferred securities ( certificados bursátiles preferentes ) that trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange (“BMV”) issued by the Trust, and US$ 19 million in subordinated notes issued in United States of America, which are guaranteed by the Company. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement on the certificados bursátiles preferentes and the subordinated notes are payable from the collection of the receivables originated by the VENA subsidiaries and sold to the Trust. At December 31, 2006 and 2007 the gross receivables sold to the Trust totaled Ps. 1,074 and Ps. 1,075, respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 529 and Ps. 312, respectively.
   
Securitization of Viméxico (formerly Vitro Plan) trade receivables — On August 22, 2005, Viméxico, the holding company of our flat glass segment, closed a private issuance of promissory notes in the United States for US$ 21.5 million, at an interest rate of 6.5%. Viméxico entered into an agreement to sell all of its trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to a trust (the “Trust”, a qualifying special purpose entity) that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement will be provided from the collection of the receivables originated by four subsidiaries of Viméxico and sold to the Trust, which are: Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V. and Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V. At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold to the Trust totaled Ps. 574 and Ps. 580, respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 332 and Ps. 346, respectively.
   
During 2004, Vitro America, Inc. (“Vitro America”) closed a contract for selling all their accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to VVP Funding, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro America. VVP Funding is a special-purpose entity that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. Vitro America and VVP Funding entered an agreement with an unrelated major financial institution whereby VVP Funding sells, on a revolving basis and subject to the maintenance of certain financial and receivables based ratios, an undivided percentage ownership in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined, for consideration composed of cash up to a maximum amount of US$ 40 million and retained undivided interests in securitized receivables. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from VVP Funding to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables. Effective April 16, 2007, the new agreement was signed and amended to increase the maximum selling amount from US$ 40 million to US$ 50 million. The agreement expires in April 2008 but is subject to annual renewal approval by the financial institution. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold totaled approximately US$ 78 million and US$ 76 million, respectively and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was US$ 32 million and US$ 29 million, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

6.  
Inventories
 
   
Inventories are summarized as follows:
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Semi-finished and finished products
  Ps. 2,836     Ps. 2,643  
Raw materials
    603       641  
Packaging materials
    70       49  
 
           
 
    3,509       3,333  
Spare parts
    259       304  
Refractory
    34       55  
Merchandise in transit
    131       358  
Other
    49       70  
 
           
 
  Ps. 3,982     Ps. 4,120  
 
           
7.  
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment
  a)  
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment are summarized as follows:
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Land
  Ps. 3,660     Ps. 3,645  
Buildings
    10,540       10,585  
Accumulated depreciation
    5,437       5,804  
 
           
 
  Ps. 8,763     Ps. 8,426  
 
           
 
               
Machinery and equipment
  Ps. 24,865     Ps. 25,403  
Accumulated depreciation
    18,143       17,591  
 
           
 
  Ps. 6,722     Ps. 7,812  
 
           
     
The Company reviewed the operating conditions of certain of its fixed assets and determined to extend their estimated remaining useful life, which resulted in a decrease in depreciation expense of Ps. 78 in 2007.
 
  b)  
In 2007, the Company capitalized CFR of Ps. 10 directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets. Through 2006, all CFR was charged to current earnings.
 
  c)  
Sale of real estate — On December 14, 2006, Vitro sold real estate located in Mexico City used by Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V. (“COVISA”) for US$ 100 million, 80% payable on the date of sale and the remainder payable on the delivery date of the property. COVISA uses these premises to manufacture glass containers for cosmetics and perfume products. The Company is in the process of relocating this production to another facility in Toluca, Mexico. In connection with the sale of the property, the Company has agreed to deliver the real estate within 24 months following the sale, free and clear of all buildings and fixtures, as well as any environmental claims, recording reserves of Ps. 56 for the estimated asset retirement costs and prepaid rent of Ps. 62 for the estimated fair value of the rental expense over the 24 months.

 

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Table of Contents

     
The Company also has an option to extend the delivery date for an additional 12 months for an annual rental payment of US$ 11.2 million. Vitro has also guaranteed up to US$ 80 million in favor of the purchaser payable in the event that the property is not delivered to the purchaser within 36 months following the sale. As of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company estimates that its delivery of the land will be completed by December 2008.
  d)  
Sale of corporate building — On November 28, 2006, the Company sold one of the buildings located at its corporate headquarters in Garza Garcia, N.L., Mexico, for Ps. 128.
8.  
Derivative financial instruments
 
   
While the Company’s derivative financial instruments are primarily entered from an economic point of view, they are not designated as hedges because they do not meet all of the accounting requirements and are therefore classified as trading for accounting purposes.
 
   
At December 31, 2007, the Company’s derivative financial instruments had the following positions:
  a)  
Trading derivative instruments:
                     
    Notional            
Derivative financial   Amount         Fair Value  
instruments   (million)     Period   Asset  
Foreign exchange options
                   
Exotic instruments
  US$ 266     January to April 2008   Ps. 2  
 
                 
                                     
    Notional     Company     Company            
Derivative financial   Amount     pays interest     receives interest         Fair Value  
instruments   (million)     rate (in pesos)     rate (in US$)     Period   Asset  
Interest rate options
                                   
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 150     TIIE + 1.08 %     8.63 %   February 2007 to February 2012   Ps. 23  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 350     TIIE + 1.62 %     9.13 %   February 2007 to February 2012     58  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 350     TIIE + 1.60 %     9.13 %   February 2007 to February 2012     61  
Cross currency swaps
  US$ 150     TIIE + 1.06 %     8.63 %   February 2007 to February 2012     24  
Interest rate swaps
  Ps. 3,294     8.10 %   TIIE (in pesos)   February 2007 to February 2012     28  
 
                                 
Total interest rate options (1)
                              Ps. 194  
 
                                 
                     
    Notional         Fair Value  
    Amount         Asset  
Derivative financial instruments   (MMBTUs)     Period   (Liability)  
Natural gas contracts
                   
Capped swap (2)
    8,040,000     January to December 2008   Ps. (556 )
Swaps
    1,640,000     January to December 2008     6  
Options
    4,800,000     January to December 2008     10  
Exotic
    8,400,000     January to December 2008     (10 )
 
                 
Total natural gas contracts
              Ps. (550 )
 
                 

 

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Table of Contents

         
    Fair Value  
Summary of derivative financial   Asset  
instruments   (Liability)  
Foreign exchange options
  Ps. 2  
Interest rate options
    194  
Natural gas contracts
    (550 )
Embedded
    12  
 
     
Total derivative financial instruments
  Ps. (342 )
 
     
(1)  
The derivative asset related to the Company’s interest rate options, includes payments made by the Company of Ps. 349, which resulted in a net loss of Ps. 155, and is presented in total comprehensive financing result.
(2)  
In December 2007, the Company entered into a natural gas capped swap and executed an option to receive a prepayment from the counterparty for Ps. 534, which will be repaid throughout 2008. The net loss from the transaction was Ps. 22, which is recorded in total comprehensive financing result. In January 2008, the Company entered into a contrary position to that of the natural gas capped swap it acquired in 2007, offsetting the market risks from such instrument.
  b)  
Embedded derivatives — The Company identified embedded derivatives within certain of its supply contracts. As of December 31, 2007, the amount recognized for these instruments was an asset and a credit to total comprehensive financing result of Ps. 12.
9.  
Short-term borrowings
 
   
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the short-term borrowings denominated in foreign currency (US dollars and euros) totaled Ps. 319 and Ps. 398, respectively. During 2007, the Company’s weighted average interest rate for short-term borrowings denominated in US dollars was 7.75% and denominated in euros 3.29%.
 
   
As disclosed in note 10 c), the Company issued US$ 700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017 and US$ 300 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2012. Upon completion of this transaction, at December 31, 2006, Ps. 2,380 of short-term borrowings were refinanced and have therefore been reclassified as long-term debt.

 

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10.  
Long-term debt
  a)  
Long-term debt consists of the following:
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007  
I. Foreign Subsidiaries (payable in US dollars):
               
Secured debt, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread of 3.15%, principal payable in several installments through 2009.
  Ps. 61     Ps. 52  
 
               
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread between 1.25% and 1.75%, principal payable in several installments through 2017.
    233       544  
 
               
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on Fixed Term Deposits (“DTF”) plus a spread of 6%, principal payable in several installments through 2012.
            8  
 
               
Unsecured debt, fixed interest rate of 10.7494%, principal payable in several installments through 2016.
    87       78  
 
               
II. Foreign Subsidiaries (payable in euros):
               
Secured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus a spread ranging from 0.80% to 1.25%, principal payable in several installments through 2008.
    7       2  
 
               
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus a spread ranging from 0.625% to 2.5%, principal payable in several installments through 2011.
    55       66  
 
               
III. Vitro and Mexican Subsidiaries (payable in US dollars):
               
Secured debt, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.5% to 4.0%, principal payable in several installments through 2007.
    321          
 
               
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 0.25% and 2.95%, principal payable in several installments through 2009, which was paid in 2007.
    10          
 
               
10.75% Senior secured guaranteed notes due in 2008.
    2,762       326  
 
               
Senior secured term loan, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus a spread of 6.25%, principal payable in several installments through 2010, which was prepaid in 2007.
    1,628          

 

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    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007  
11.375% Guaranteed senior unsecured notes due in 2007.
    1,710          
 
               
11.75% Guaranteed senior unsecured notes due in 2013.
    2,509       2,434  
 
               
8.625% Guaranteed senior unsecured notes due in 2012.
            3,222  
 
               
9.125% Guaranteed senior unsecured notes due in 2017.
            7,506  
 
               
IV. Vitro and Mexican Subsidiaries (payable in Mexican pesos):
               
Unsecured medium-term notes, floating interest rate based on 182-day Mexican treasury bonds (CETES) plus a spread of 3.25%, principal payable in 2008 and 2009.
    744       282  
 
               
V. Vitro debt issuance (payable in US dollars):
               
Refinanced short-term borrowings (note 9)
    2,380          
 
           
 
    12,507       14,520  
Less current maturities
    66 *     545  
 
           
 
  Ps. 12,441     Ps. 13,975  
 
           
     
*  
As a result of the debt issuance disclosed in note 10 c), a portion of the long-term debt was refinanced and therefore, in 2006, Ps. 1,998 of current maturities have been reclassified as long-term debt.
     
As of December 31, 2007, the interest rates of EURIBOR, CETES, TIIE, LIBOR and DTF were 4.684%, 7.4669%, 7.9250%, 4.6788% and 9.15%, respectively.

 

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The schedule of contractual principal payments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2007 is as follows:
         
Year ending December 31,        
2009
  Ps. 285  
2010
    81  
2011
    81  
2012
    3,301  
2013 and thereafter
    10,227  
 
     
 
  Ps. 13,975  
 
     
  b)  
Certain of the Company’s long-term debt agreements contain limitations including the restriction of payments to repurchase shares, limitation on dividends, limitation on leans and certain financial covenants that if the Company does not meet at a consolidation levels, its ability to incur additional debt is restricted. As of December 31, 2007 such restrictions did not represent an event of default on the credit facilities nor did it allow the lenders to accelerate the maturity of the debt under such credit facilities.
 
     
As of December 31, 2007, the Company is restricted to a maximum of US$ 100 million of additional debt for working capital needs, capital expenditures and interest payments, US$25 million for capital expenditures secured by liens and an additional US$25 million for any other purpose. The financing contracts do not restrict the Company’s ability to refinance debt.
  c)  
Vitro debt issuance — On February 1, 2007, Vitro S.A.B. de C.V. successfully closed an offering, of US$1.0 billion of senior guaranteed notes (the “Notes”) principally to refinance existing third-party debt at the Vitro holding company level, substantially all of the third-party debt at its subsidiary VENA and certain third-party debt at some of Viméxico’s subsidiaries.
 
     
The Notes were issued in two tranches: US$700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017, callable after year 2012, at a coupon of 9.125% and US$300 million of senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2012, non-callable for the notes’ life, at a coupon of 8.625%. The notes pay interest semiannually and are guaranteed by VENA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and by Viméxico and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

 

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11.  
Employee retirement obligations
 
   
The disclosures relating to the Company’s pension plans, seniority premiums and severance payments required by Bulletin D-3, calculated as described in note 3 k), together with certain actuarial assumptions utilized, are presented below as of December 31, 2006 and 2007:
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
 
               
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 2,118     Ps. 2,653  
 
           
 
               
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 2,774     Ps. 3,319  
Plan assets at fair value
    (1,290 )     (1,548 )
 
           
Unfunded status
    1,484       1,771  
Unrecognized items:
               
Prior service costs and plan amendments
    (174 )     (242 )
Unrecognized transition obligation
    (249 )     (181 )
Changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    (528 )     (899 )
 
           
Projected net liability
  Ps. 533     Ps. 449  
 
           
Additional minimum liability adjustment
  Ps. 1,031     Ps. 796  
   
At December 31, 2007, the plan assets presented above, include 47.5 million shares of Vitro.
                 
    December 31,  
Assumptions:   2006     2007  
 
               
Discount rate
    5.50 %     5.00 %
Expected rate of return on plan assets
    7.0 %     7.0 %
Rate of compensation increase
    0.0 %     0.0 %
                         
    December 31,  
Net periodic cost:   2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Service cost
  Ps. 60     Ps. 73     Ps. 96  
Interest cost
    136       143       149  
Amortization of transition obligation
    97       100       42  
Amortization of prior service costs and plan amendments
    15       11       14  
Amortization of changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    101       149       145  
Actual return on plan assets
    (43 )     (49 )     (88 )
 
                 
 
                       
Net periodic cost*
  Ps. 366     Ps. 427     Ps. 358  
 
                 
     
*  
At December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 includes Ps. 18, Ps. 8 and Ps. 97, respectively, for the early extinguishment of retirement obligations and also includes Ps. 68, Ps. 108 and Ps. 49 for severance payments, respectively.

 

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The unrecognized items are being amortized over the average remaining service lives of the Company’s employees. The amortization period of unrecognized items is as follows:
                 
    December 31,  
Amortization of unrecognized items (in years):   2006     2007  
Prior service costs and plan amendments
    15       14  
Transition obligation
    4       6  
Changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    15       14  
12.  
Commitments and contingencies
  a)  
In October 2000, several subsidiaries of Vitro, which have facilities throughout Monterrey, Mexico and the Mexico City area, entered into a 15-year energy purchase agreement for approximately 90 megawatts of electricity and 1.3 million tons of steam per year with Tractebel Energía de Monterrey, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Tractebel”).
  b)  
The Company has several non-cancelable operating lease agreements for the rent of warehouses and equipment. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 546, Ps. 527 and Ps. 541, respectively.
 
     
Future minimum lease payments under these agreements are as follows:
         
2008
  Ps. 365  
2009
    334  
2010
    266  
2011
    171  
2012
    115  
2013 and thereafter
    132  
  c)  
The Company is not a party to, and none of its assets are subject to, any pending legal proceedings, nor is the Company subject to any contingent liabilities, other than as described in notes 12 d) and f) and legal proceedings and contingent liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business and against which the Company is adequately insured or indemnified or which the Company believes are not material in the aggregate.
  d)  
As part of the disposal of Anchor Glass Containers Corporation (“Anchor”) in August 1996, in a transaction approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, the Company entered into a term sheet which contemplated an agreement pursuant to which the Company would provide to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation “PBGC”, a United States governmental agency that guarantees pensions, a limited guaranty of Anchor’s unfunded pension liability. No payments would be made under such a guaranty unless the PBGC terminated any of the covered pension plans, and the guaranty would be payable only to the extent the PBGC could not otherwise recover the unfunded liabilities from the entity that purchased Anchor’s assets “New Anchor”. The amount of the guaranty was originally limited to US$ 70 million. Under the guaranty, payments would not begin until August 1, 2002, and would then generally be payable in equal semi-annual installments over the following 10 years. Payments would not bear interest. The amount and the term of the guaranty would be proportionately reduced if the pension plans were terminated after January 31, 2002. Beginning February 2002, the guaranty would be reduced by US$ 7 million semiannually until August 1, 2006, when the guaranty would expire if the plans did not terminate.

 

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On April 15, 2002, New Anchor filed a pre-negotiated plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. On August 8, 2002, an amended plan of reorganization was confirmed, pursuant to which the plan resulting from the merger of the covered pension plans was terminated, and the obligations thereunder were assumed by the PBGC in exchange for cash, securities and a commitment of reorganized New Anchor to make certain future payments.
 
     
On June 20, 2003, the PBGC wrote to the Company, asserting that the plan had been terminated effective as of July 31, 2002, with an estimated unfunded liability of US$ 219 million. The PBGC stated that the value of the recovery from New Anchor and reorganized New Anchor amounts to no more than US$ 122.25 million; it alleged that the recovery that it secured in the bankruptcy was insufficient and that an underfunding in excess of the Company’s limited guaranty had occurred. Accordingly, to such letter, the PBGC demanded payments pursuant to the term sheet of US$ 7 million on or before August 1, 2003 and of US$ 3.5 million semiannually through August 1, 2011. The Company intends to contest this liability. There are various issues concerning such demand and certain defenses that may be asserted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating these issues and defenses. At this point, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amounts that will ultimately be payable in response to such demand. When management is able to reasonably estimate those amounts, the Company will establish an appropriate accounting reserve. As of this date, the Company has not established any reserves in connection with such potential liability.
 
  e)  
Call/Put on shares of Vitro Cristalglass — A group of individual investors owns a 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass. The Company has the option of purchasing the 40% minority interest, which can be exercised beginning May 1, 2005 for fair value as calculated by independent appraisers and cannot be less than 28.9 million euros (US$ 42.4 million as of December 31, 2007). Additionally, the minority interest has a put option pursuant to which they may require the Company to purchase all or part of their 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass, which can be exercised beginning on May 1, 2003 for 28.4 million euros (US$ 41.8 million as of December 31, 2007), as adjusted to reflect inflation in Spain from 2003 through the time the put is exercised. As of December 31, 2007, the estimated fair value of the 40% interest is higher than the option price held by Vitro.
  f)  
At a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting of Vitro Plan held in December 2006, the merger into Vitro’s subsidiary Viméxico was approved. Notwithstanding that this merger has become fully effective, since all approvals were granted and the corresponding filings were made, Pilkington, who voted against such merger, filled a lawsuit Viméxico.
 
     
In February 2008 Viméxico was notified of a ruling issued by the First District Court on Civil and Labor matters that the lawsuit brought by Pilkington seeking to annul the resolutions adopted at the general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting was unfounded. In its ruling, the Court determined that all resolutions adopted at the general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting were valid. Despite this ruling, Pilkington has appealed this decision. Based on advice from its Mexican special litigation counsel, management continues to believe that this lawsuit is without merit and expects to obtain another favorable ruling.

 

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13.  
Foreign currency operations
  a)  
At December 31, 2007, the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries consist of the following:
                 
    US dollars     Mexican pesos  
Monetary assets
  US$ 259     Ps. 2,813  
Inventories
    15       167  
Fixed assets
    332       3,606  
Monetary liabilities
    1,443       15,684  
  b)  
Foreign currency operations of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2007, consisted of the following:
                 
    US dollars     Mexican pesos  
Exports
  US$ 601     Ps. 6,674  
Imports
    321       3,591  
Interest expense, net
    132       1,478  
  c)  
The condensed financial information of the principal foreign subsidiaries of the Company at December 31, 2007, consisted of the following:
                         
            Central and        
    United States     South America     Europe  
Net sales
  Ps. 8,794     Ps. 2,662     Ps. 2,432  
Operating income
    274       203       247  
Total assets
    2,996       3,489       2,403  
Total liabilities
    887       1,415       1,052  
Capital expenditures
    110       331       108  
  d)  
The exchange rates of the Mexican peso against the US dollar and the Euro, used for purposes of the Company’s consolidated financial statements at the following dates were:
                 
    US dollar     Euro  
December 31, 2005
  Ps. 10.6344     Ps. 12.5932  
 
December 31, 2006
    10.8116       14.2680  
 
December 31, 2007
    10.8662       15.9526  
On March 14, 2008, the exchange rate was Ps. 10.7735 per US dollar and Ps. 16.7711 per Euro.

 

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14.  
Stockholders’ equity
  a)  
The capital stock of the Company consists of 386,857,143, ordinary, nominative, fully paid common shares, without par value, at December 31, 2006 and 2007.
 
  b)  
Capital stock increase — On September 27, 2006, at an ordinary shareholders’ meeting, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase of Ps. 550 (nominal) in the variable portion of the Company’s capital stock. This capital increase was completed on October 31, 2006, through the issuance of 62,857,143 new shares at a price of Ps. 8.75 per share. The offering was made primarily to current shareholders and holders of the Company’s ADR’s.
 
  c)  
The Company maintains an Employee Stock Option Plan established in March 1998 (the “Plan”). The Plan specifies the amount of shares, time and initial exercise price, which is equal to the average closing price on the BMV of the common shares on the 20 days prior to the grant date, except for options issued during 2000, 2001 and 2002, which were Ps. 11.00, Ps. 8.27 and Ps. 7.53, respectively. The vesting period of the options is five years and the life of such options is 10 years.
 
     
The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Plan:
                                                         
                                                    Total  
    1998     1999     2000     2001     1998 *     2002     outstanding  
Options granted during the year
    2,813,300       2,893,000       4,851,900       3,204,800       940,950       3,941,950          
 
Options cancelled or exercised at December 31, 2007
    2,350,000       1,059,500       3,986,950       2,827,950       478,050       3,208,150          
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2007
    463,300       1,833,500       864,950       376,850       462,900       733,800       4,735,300  
 
Initial exercise price
  Ps. 31.31     Ps. 14.88     Ps. 11.00     Ps. 8.27     Ps. 13.00     Ps. 7.53          
 
Exercise price at December 31, 2007
  Ps. 79.90     Ps. 45.78     Ps. 11.00     Ps. 8.27     Ps. 13.00     Ps. 7.53          
*  
During 2001 the Company modified the exercise price of 940,950 options granted in 1998 to Ps. 13.00.
     
The closing price of the Company’s shares on the BMV on December 31, 2007 was Ps. 24.00.
 
     
The estimated fair value of the options was made on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
 
  d)  
Retained earnings include the statutory legal reserve. Mexican General Corporate Law requires that at least 5% of net income of the year be transferred to the legal reserve until the reserve equals 20% of capital stock at par value (historical pesos). The legal reserve may be capitalized but may not be distributed unless the entity is dissolved. The legal reserve must be replenished if it is reduced for any reason. At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the legal reserve, in historical pesos, was Ps. 72.
 
  e)  
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company held 45,874,816 and 45,816,783, respectively, treasury shares, which reduced the amount of total shares outstanding, and included 17,555,747 and 17,464,614 shares held by the Stock Option Trust (see note 14 c) at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

 

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  f)  
Stockholders’ equity, except restated paid-in capital and tax retained earnings, will be subject to income tax at the rate in effect when a dividend is distributed. Any tax paid on such distribution may be credited against annual and estimated income taxes of the year in which the tax on dividends is paid and the following two fiscal years. At December 31, 2007, the majority interest stockholders’ equity tax account, corresponding to the contributed capital account and the net tax income account was Ps. 2,269 and Ps. 2,377, respectively.
 
  g)  
Dividends declared and paid:
                     
    Dividend Amount      
Stockholders’ meeting date   Nominal Value     Restated Value     Payment Date
March 17, 2005
  Ps. 90     Ps. 99     April 2005
April 27, 2006
    89       95     May 2006
March 28, 2007
    133       136     April 2007
  h)  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries consists of the following:
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Capital stock
  Ps. 456     Ps. 479  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
    (165 )     (183 )
Retained earnings
    1,601       1,664  
 
           
 
  Ps. 1,892     Ps. 1,960  
 
           
  i)  
Majority stockholders’ equity consists of the following:
                         
    December 31, 2007  
    Nominal             Restated  
    Value     Restatement     Value  
Capital stock
  Ps. 387     Ps. 7,245     Ps. 7,632  
Treasury stock
    (298 )     (324 )     (622 )
Paid-in capital
    1,147       1,290       2,437  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
            (21,154 )     (21,154 )
Cumulative effect of deferred taxes
    (1,259 )     (551 )     (1,810 )
Minimum labor liability adjustment
    (326 )             (326 )
Reserve for reacquisition of Vitro shares
            2,000       2,000  
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings
    (3,000 )     22,269       19,269  
 
                 
 
  Ps. (3,349 )   Ps. 10,775     Ps. 7,426  
 
                 

 

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15.  
Total comprehensive financing result
 
   
The following represents a summary of the Company’s total comprehensive financing result for the periods presented:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Interest expense on debt denominated in US dollars
  Ps. 1,627     Ps. 1,634     Ps. 1,660  
Interest expense on debt denominated in pesos
    241       117       34  
Interest expense on debt denominated in UDI’s
    130       63          
Restatement of UDI’s
    37       20          
Interest income
    (172 )     (134 )     (175 )
Derivative financial instruments
    17       337       201  
Exchange (gain) loss
    (417 )     224       94  
Gain from monetary position
    (455 )     (440 )     (471 )
Other financing expenses, net
    492       455       317  
 
                 
 
                       
 
  Ps. 1,500     Ps. 2,276     Ps. 1,660  
 
                 
16.  
Other expenses (income), net
 
   
The following represents a summary of the Company’s other expenses (income), net for the periods presented:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Restructuring charges
  Ps. 332     Ps. 61     Ps. 7  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    385       393       122  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
    6       (795 )     47  
Loss (gain) from sale of subsidiaries
    137       (68 )     11  
Assignment of Vitro Club Trust (1)
    (458 )                
Early extinguishment of employee retirement Obligations
    18       8       97  
Fees and costs for extinguishment of debt
                    488  
Statutory employee profit sharing
    51       55       54  
Other
    23       117       43  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 494     Ps. (229 )   Ps. 869  
 
                 
     
(1)  
The Vitro Club holds land and facilities for our employees’ recreational activities, which are held in a trust (the “Trust”). The Trust can only be assigned if all of the participants name one entity as the sole beneficiary. In 2005, all the participants named the Company as the sole beneficiary, and therefore the Company has the right to take control of the Trust. The Company recorded the fair value of the assets and recognized other income of Ps. 458.

 

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17.  
Tax loss carryforwards
 
   
At December 31, 2007, tax loss carryforwards consist of the following:
                 
    Tax loss carryforwards  
Expiration   Majority     Minority  
Year   interest     interest  
2010
  Ps. 41     Ps. 4  
2011
    141       2  
2012
    249       14  
2013
    71       1  
2014
    261       17  
2015
    2          
2016
    2          
2017
    1       12  
 
           
 
  Ps. 768     Ps. 50  
 
           
18.  
Income and asset taxes
  a)  
The Company is subject to ISR, and through 2007, to IMPAC on a consolidated basis in proportion to Vitro’s voting interest in its subsidiaries. ISR is computed taking into consideration the taxable and deductible effects of inflation, such as depreciation calculated on restated asset values. Taxable income is increased or reduced by the effects of inflation on certain monetary assets and liabilities through the inflationary component, which is similar to the gain or loss from monetary position. As of 2007, the tax rate is 28% and in 2006 it was 29% and 30% in 2005. For ISR purposes, effective in 2005, cost of sales is deducted instead of inventory purchases. Beginning in 2006 PTU is deductible when paid.
 
     
In 2007, IMPAC was calculated by applying 1.25% to the value of the assets of the year, without deducting any debt amounts. Through 2006, IMPAC was calculated by applying 1.8% on the net average of the majority of restated assets less certain liabilities, including liabilities payable to banks and foreign entities. IMPAC is payable only to the extent that it exceeded ISR payable for the same period.
 
     
On October 1, 2007, the IETU was enacted and went into effect on January 1, 2008. IETU applies to the sale of goods, the provision of independent services and the granting of use or enjoyment of goods, according to the terms of the IETU law, less certain authorized deductions. The IETU payable is calculated by subtracting certain tax credits from the tax determined. Revenues, as well as deductions and certain tax credits, are determined based on cash flows generated beginning January 1, 2008. The IETU law establishes that the IETU rate will be 16.5% in 2008, 17.0% in 2009, and 17.5% in 2010 and subsequently. In addition, as opposed to ISR which allows for fiscal consolidation, companies that expect to incur IETU must file individual returns.
 
     
Based on its financial projections, the Company estimates that it will pay only ISR in the future. Therefore, the enactment of IETU did not have any effects on its consolidated financial information, since it only recognizes deferred ISR.

 

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  b)  
The income and asset tax expense (benefit) included in the Company’s results are:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Income tax:
                       
Current
  Ps. 116     Ps. 179     Ps. 395  
Deferred
    (923 )     (208 )     (145 )
 
                 
 
    (807 )     (29 )     250  
Asset tax
    288       257       (206 )
 
                 
 
  Ps. (519 )   Ps. 228     Ps. 44  
 
                 
     
To determine deferred income tax at December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Company applied the different tax rates that will be in effect to temporary differences according to their estimated dates of reversal.
 
  c)  
Net deferred tax assets presented in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following:
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  Ps. 94     Ps. 66  
Reserve for employee retirement obligations
    398       364  
Tax loss carryforwards
    533       229  
Intangible asset
    548       499  
Fixed assets
    (961 )     (617 )
Asset tax credit carryforwards
    243          
Derivative financial instruments
    1       192  
Inventories
    19       43  
Other
    274       270  
 
           
 
               
Total
    1,149       1,046  
Valuation allowance
    (514 )     (252 )
 
           
 
  Ps. 635     Ps. 794  
 
           
 
               
Balance:
               
Liabilities:
               
Deferred tax assets
  Ps. 887     Ps. 1,030  
Deferred tax liabilities
    (252 )     (236 )
 
           
 
  Ps. 635     Ps. 794  
 
           

 

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  d)  
Following is a reconciliation between the Company’s effective income tax rate and the statutory rate:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Effective income tax rate
    335 %     326 %     25 %
Asset tax presented as income tax
    142       (303 )     120  
Intangible asset
    (482 )             (28 )
Sale of subsidiaries
    (38 )     462       8  
Difference between tax and accounting basis for monetary gain
    (1 )     (23 )     (2 )
Foreign subsidiaries
    (9 )     25       (5 )
Effect of reduction in statutory rate on deferred ISR
    (21 )     (141 )        
Valuation allowance
    58       (198 )     (15 )
Nondeductible expenses
    9       (22 )     (10 )
Other
    37       (97 )     (65 )
 
                 
 
                       
Statutory income tax rate
    30 %     29 %     28 %
 
                 
  e)  
Changes in stockholders’ equity for shortfall in restatement of capital and the minimum labor liability adjustment are presented net of the deferred tax effect as follows:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Income tax effect of:
                       
 
                       
Shortfall in restatement of capital
  Ps. 20     Ps. 26     Ps. 66  
Minimum labor liability adjustment
    (6 )     19       (73 )
 
                 
 
                       
 
  Ps. 14     Ps. 45     Ps. (7 )
 
                 
19.  
Related party transactions
 
   
The transactions with related parties, carried out in the ordinary course of business, were as follows:
  a)  
Certain Arrangements with Respect to Real Estate — The Company uses real estate owned by relatives of certain directors and senior managers to meet with customers, suppliers or for other business purposes. The Company pays an annual fee for the right to use these properties for a specified number of days per year. Additionally, it has agreed to pay maintenance and operating costs. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amounts paid as annual fees were approximately Ps. 10.
  b)  
Goods Sold to Certain Companies — The Company sells flat glass products and glass containers to certain companies whose shareholders are directors and senior managers. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amount of these sales was Ps. 59, Ps. 58 and Ps. 69, respectively.
 
     
The Company’s subsidiary Comegua sells glass containers to Cervecería Centroamericana and to Cervecería de Costa Rica, subsidiaries of its partners in such company. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate amount of these sales was US$ 13 million, US$ 11 million and US$ 9 million, respectively.
 
  c)  
Sale of Real Estate — In 2007, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, purchased an unused parcel of real estate from one of its subsidiaries. The price of the real estate was US$ 5.4 million. The Company received several offers for the property and such member of the Board made the highest offer. The transaction was approved by the Company’s Audit Committee in accordance with its charter at the time.

 

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  d)  
Compensation — For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the aggregate compensation the Company paid to its directors and senior managers was approximately Ps. 149, Ps. 199 and Ps. 182, respectively. This amount includes fees, salaries, the use of certain assets and services, and variable compensation.
20.  
Business dispositions and acquisitions
  a)  
Sale of Química M, S.A. de C.V. (“Química M”) — On March 2, 2006, the Company sold its 51% interest in Química M, to Solutia Inc. for US$ 20 million in cash. Solutia is now the sole owner of this Mexican operation which was formed in 1995. Química M was a joint venture between Vitro Plan and Solutia and is located near the city of Puebla, Mexico. Química M is engaged in the production of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) interlayer, which is used by major glass producers such as Vitro to make laminated glass for use in automobiles and buildings.
 
  b)  
Acquisition of Vidrios Panameños, S. A. (“VIPASA”) — On April 20, 2006, the Company announced that in a joint effort with its Central American partners and through its subsidiary Empresas Comegua S.A. it had completed the acquisition of VIPASA, a glass container company located in Panama for a purchase price of US$ 21 million. VIPASA is the largest and most important glass container manufacturer for the beverage, liquor, food and pharmaceutical industries in Panama and exports to more than 15 countries in the American continent. VIPASA’s sales in 2006 and 2007 reached approximately US$ 23 million and US$ 29 million, respectively.
 
  c)  
Sale of Vitrocrisa — As disclosed in note 4, on June 16, 2006 the Company completed the sale of its 51% interest in Vitrocrisa to Libbey, recognizing a gain on the sale of Ps. 480.
 
  d)  
Visteon Corporation’s retirement from Vitro Flex, S.A. de C .V. (“Vitro Flex”) — On September 29, 2006, Vitro Plan, Vitro’s flat glass division, and Visteon Inc. (“Visteon”) ended their joint venture agreement in Vitro Flex through a reimbursement and cancellation of Visteon’s capital investment. Vitro Plan is now the sole owner of Vitro Flex. Vitro Flex was a joint venture formed in 1979 with Fairlane Holdings (“Fairlane”), a Visteon affiliate. Vitro Flex primarily manufactures tempered and laminated glass for use in Ford vehicles. Fairlane will receive US$ 9.4 million for the 38% stake in Vitro Flex. An initial payment of US$ 2 million was made on September 29, 2006, which will be followed by four annual payments of US$ 1.85 million, starting on September 30, 2007. The transaction is being funded by Vitro Flex with cash from operations. The difference between the transaction value and the book value result in a credit of Ps. 70, recorded in the majority stockholders’ equity. Vitro Flex together with Vitro Automotriz (“VAU”) will now directly manage their relationship with Ford and will serve all Vitro’s automotive customers. Under the prior structure, contractual restrictions limited Vitro Flex’s ability to use excess capacity for non Ford volumes.
 
  e)  
Acquisition of 55% of the shares of PVA — On August 29, 2007, Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of Viméxico, acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of PVA, a company dedicated to the installation of value added crystal products for Ps. 110. As a result of the preliminary purchase price allocation, the Company recorded goodwill of Ps. 85.

 

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  f)  
Acquisition of 50% of the shares of Vitro AFG — On July 3, 2007, Viméxico exercised its option to acquire the remaining 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG from its joint venture partner AFG Industries, a subsidiary of Asahi Glass Co. Limited (a Japanese company) to assume control and increase its ownership to 100%. The transaction closed on July 24, 2007 with Vitro paying AFG Industries US$ 6 million in cash and subsequently changing Vitro AFG’s legal name to Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V .
 
     
Vitro AFG, which is located in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, was formed in November 2003 as a 50/50 joint venture between Vitro and AFG Industries, with the closing of this transaction, Viméxico terminated the joint venture and became the sole owner of this entity, whose primary operations include the manufacture, processing and distribution of flat glass, thereby increasing Vitro’s available production capacity by 78,000 tons.
 
     
In accordance with Bulletin B-7, “Business Acquisitions”, the acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company recognized an impairment charge of Ps. 91 related to the termination of the joint venture.
21.  
Business segment data
 
   
The accounting policies of the Company’s segments are the same as those followed by Vitro. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments on the basis of operating income. Intersegment sales and transfers are accounted for as if the sales and transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
 
   
Vitro’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products. The segments are managed separately; each requires different manufacturing operations, technology and marketing strategies; and each segment primarily serves a different customer base.
 
   
The Company has two reportable segments: Glass Containers and Flat Glass. The principal products of each of the segments are summarized below:
     
Segment   Principal products
Glass Containers
  Glass containers, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, capital goods, precision components and molds for glass industry.
Flat Glass
  Flat glass for the construction and automotive industries.

 

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The segment data presented below does not include discontinued operations for any of the periods presented.
                                 
            Flat     Corporate &        
    Glass Containers     Glass     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                               
December 31, 2005:
                               
Net sales
  Ps. 12,488     Ps. 13,704     Ps. 517     Ps. 26,709  
Intersegment sales
    139       3               142  
Consolidated net sales
    12,349       13,701       517       26,567  
Operating income
    1,327       514       (2 )     1,839  
Total assets
    14,668       13,494       4,775       32,937  
Capital expenditures
    622       468       17       1,107  
Depreciation and amortization
    1,139       668       47       1,854  
Goodwill
            773               773  
Impairment
            214       171       385  
 
                               
December 31, 2006:
                               
Net sales
  Ps. 14,068     Ps. 13,462     Ps. 433     Ps. 27,963  
Intersegment sales
    86       1               87  
Consolidated net sales
    13,982       13,461       433       27,876  
Operating income
    1,853       418       (154 )     2,117  
Total assets
    13,937       11,401       3,357       28,695  
Capital expenditures
    894       338       20       1,252  
Depreciation and amortization
    1,160       595       40       1,795  
Goodwill
    3       785               788  
Impairment
    55       334       4       393  
 
                               
December 31, 2007:
                               
Net sales
  Ps. 14,676     Ps. 13,605     Ps. 361     Ps. 28,642  
Intersegment sales
    37       14               51  
Consolidated net sales
    14,639       13,591       361       28,591  
Operating income
    2,054       782       (132 )     2,704  
Total assets
    17,040       12,835       2,312       32,187  
Capital expenditures
    2,328       324       43       2,695  
Depreciation and amortization
    870       480       64       1,414  
Goodwill
    3       870               873  
Impairment
    31       91               122  
Export sales from Mexico, substantially all of which are denominated in US dollars, are mainly to the United States, Canada and Europe and were as follows (in million of US dollars):
                   
Year ended December 31,  
2005   2006     2007  
US$ 588   US$ 556     US$ 601  
             

 

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Certain geographic information about the Company’s operations is summarized as follows:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Net sales (1)  to customers in:
                       
Mexico
  Ps. 10,919     Ps. 11,875     Ps. 12,707  
All foreign countries, mainly the United States, Canada and Europe
    15,648       16,001       15,884  
 
                 
Consolidated
  Ps. 26,567     Ps. 27,876     Ps. 28,591  
 
                 
     
(1)  
Net sales are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer.
Consolidated net sales to any single external customer did not exceed more than 8% of Vitro’s total consolidated net sales in a year presented.
Land and buildings, machinery and equipment geographical information is summarized as follows:
                         
    December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Land and buildings, machinery and equipment:
                       
Mexico
  Ps. 15,195     Ps. 13,842     Ps. 14,960  
All foreign countries, mainly the United States, Europe, Central and South America
    2,620       2,481       2,881  
 
                 
Consolidated
  Ps. 17,815     Ps. 16,323     Ps. 17,841  
 
                 
22.  
New accounting principles
 
   
In 2007, the Mexican Board for Research and Development of Financial Information Standards (CINIF) issued the following NIFs and Interpretations of Financial Reporting Standards (“INIF”), which became effective for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2008:
   
NIF B-2, Statement of Cash Flows.
 
   
NIF B-10, Effects of Inflation.
 
   
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies.
 
   
NIF D-3, Employee Benefits.
 
   
NIF D-4, Income Taxes.
 
   
INIF 5, Recognition of the Additional Consideration Agreed to at the Inception of a Derivative Financial Instrument to Adjust It to Fair Value.
 
   
INIF 6, Timing of Formal Hedge Designation.
 
   
INIF 7, Application of Comprehensive Income or Loss Resulting From a Cash Flow Hedge on a Forecasted Purchase of a Non-Financial Asset.

 

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Some of the significant changes established by these standards are as follows:
   
NIF B-2, Statement of Cash Flows — This NIF establishes general rules for the presentation, structure and preparation of a cash flow statement, as well as the disclosures supplementing such statement, which replaces the statement of changes in financial position. NIF B-2 requires that the statement show a company’s cash inflows and outflows during the period. Line items should be preferably presented gross. Cash flows from financing activities are now presented below those from investing activities (a departure from the statement of changes in financial position). In addition, NIF B-2 allows entities to determine and present their cash flows from operating activities using either the direct or the indirect method.
 
   
NIF B-10, Effects of Inflation — CINIF defines two economic environments: a) inflationary environment, when cumulative inflation of the three preceding years is 26% or more, in which case, the effects of inflation should be recognized using the comprehensive method; and b) non-inflationary environment, when cumulative inflation of the three preceding years is less than 26%, in which case, no inflationary effects should be recognized in the financial statements. Additionally, NIF B-10 eliminates the replacement cost and specific indexation methods for inventories and fixed assets, respectively, and requires that the cumulative gain or loss from holding non-monetary assets be reclassified to retained earnings , if such gain or loss is realized; the gain or loss that is not realized will be maintained in stockholders’ equity and charged to current earnings of the period in which the originating item is realized.
 
   
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies — NIF B-15 eliminates classification of integrated foreign operations and foreign entities and incorporates the concepts of accounting currency, functional currency and reporting currency. NIF B-15 establishes the procedures to translate the financial information of a foreign subsidiary: i) from the accounting to the functional currency; and ii) from the functional to the reporting currency, and allows entities to present their financial statements in a reporting currency other than their functional currency.
 
   
NIF D-3, Employee Benefits — This NIF includes current and deferred PTU. Deferred PTU should be calculated using the same methodology established in NIF D-4. It also includes the career salary concept and the amortization period of most items is reduced to five years, as follows:
 
     
The following unrecognized items will be amortized over a 5-year period, or less, if employees’ remaining labor life is less than 5 years:
   
The beginning balance of transition obligation for severance and retirement benefits.
 
   
The beginning balance of prior service cost and plan amendments.
 
   
The beginning balance of gains and losses from seniority premiums and pension benefits should be amortized over a 5-year period (net of the transition obligation), with the option to fully amortize such item against the results of 2008.
     
The beginning balance of gains and losses from severance benefits should be amortized against the results of 2008.
 
   
NIF D-4, Income Taxes — This NIF relocates accounting for current and deferred PTU to NIF D-3, eliminates the permanent difference concept, redefines and incorporates various definitions and requires that the cumulative ISR effect be reclassified to retained earnings, unless it is identified with some of the other comprehensive income items that have not been applied against current earnings.

 

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INIF 5, Recognition of the Additional Consideration Agreed to at the Inception of a Derivative Financial Instrument to Adjust It to Fair Value — INIF 5 states that any additional consideration agreed to at the inception of a derivative financial instrument to adjust it to its fair value at that time should be part of the instrument’s initial fair value and not subject to amortization as established by paragraph 90 of Bulletin C-10. INIF 5 also establishes that the effect of the change should be prospectively recognized, affecting results of the period in which this INIF becomes effective. If the effect of the change is material, it should be disclosed.
 
   
INIF 6, Timing of Formal Hedge Designation — INIF 6 states that hedge designations may be made as of the date a derivative financial instrument is contracted, or at a later date, provided its effects are prospectively recognized as of the date when formal conditions are met and the instrument qualifies as a hedging relationship. Paragraph 51 of Bulletin C-10 only considered the hedge designation at the inception of the transaction.
 
   
INIF 7, Application of Comprehensive Income or Loss Resulting From a Cash Flow Hedge on a Forecasted Purchase of a Non-Financial Asset - INIF 7 states that the effect of a hedge reflected in other comprehensive income or loss resulting from a forecasted purchase of a non-financial asset should be capitalized within the cost of such asset, whose price is set through a hedge, rather than reclassifying the effect to the results of the period affected by the asset, as required by Paragraph 105 of Bulletin C-10. The effect of this change should be recognized by applying any amounts recorded in other comprehensive income or loss to the cost of the acquired asset, as of the effective date of this INIF.
   
At the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has not fully assessed the effects of adopting these new standards on its financial information.
 
23.  
Authorization of financial statements issuance
 
   
On February 29, 2008 the issuance of the consolidated financial statements was authorized by:
 
   
Federico Sada G.
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
   
Claudio L. Del Valle C.
Chief Administrative Officer
 
   
Enrique Osorio López
Chief Financial Officer
 
   
These consolidated financial statements are subject to approval at the ordinary stockholders’ meeting, who may modify the financial statements, based on provisions set forth by the Mexican General Corporate Law.

 

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24.  
Differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
 
   
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements include the effects of inflation as provided for under Bulletin B-10, (see note 3 b), whereas financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP are presented on a historical basis. However, the following reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not include the reversal of the adjustments required under Bulletin B-10, permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The application of Bulletin B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes.
 
   
As mentioned in note 22, NIF B-10, “Effects of Inflation”, is effective January 1, 2008. NIF B-10 revised the accounting for inflation such that the inflation accounting methods summarized in note 3 b) will no longer apply unless the economic environment in Mexico qualifies as “inflationary” for purposes of Mexican FRS. Given the cumulative inflation in Mexico for the three years ended December 31, 2007, the Mexican economic environment will not qualify as inflationary in 2008, thereby eliminating inflationary accounting in the Company’s consolidated Mexican FRS financial statements. This will result in the elimination of certain reconciling items between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP in 2008 and thereafter as discussed in inserts (e) and (h) below.
 
   
The other differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP and the effect on consolidated net income (loss) and consolidated stockholders’ equity are presented below:
                                 
                            2007  
                            (US$  
    Year ended December 31,     millions)  
    2005     2006     2007     (Convenience  
    (Ps. millions)     Translation)  
Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss):
                               
 
Net income (loss) of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 63     Ps. 401     Ps. (13 )   US$ (1 )
 
                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see a)
    (61 )     26       17       2  
Deferred income taxes (see b)
    (436 )     54       55       5  
Negative goodwill and reduction in depreciation expense (see c)
    112       30              
Deferred workers’ profit sharing (see d)
    43       (51 )            
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers’ profit sharing (see e)
    27       44       31       3  
Capitalization of interest (see f)
    56       72       16       1  
Amortization of capitalized interest (see f)
    (28 )     (36 )     (36 )     (3 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see h)
    (184 )     (187 )     (36 )     (3 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see i)
    (12 )     34              
Derivative financial instruments (see j)
    179                    
Discontinued operations (see k)
    (1 )     (57 )     26       2  
Employee retirement obligations (see m)
    39       31       (15 )     (1 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see n)
          1       5        
Sale of real estate (see o)
          (815 )     429       39  
Impairment of long-lived assets (see p)
    (84 )     379       (10 )     (1 )
 
                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (350 )     (475 )     482       44  
 
                       
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (287 )   Ps. (74 )   Ps. 469     US$ 43  
 
                       

 

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    Year ended December 31,  
                    2007  
                    (US$  
                    millions)  
    2006     2007     (Convenience  
    (Ps. millions)     Translation)  
Reconciliation of Stockholders’ Equity:
                       
 
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 9,366     Ps. 9,386     US$ 864  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS (see a)
    (1,892 )     (1,960 )     (180 )
 
                 
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    7,474       7,426       684  
 
                 
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see a)
    (63 )     (24 )     (2 )
Deferred income taxes (see b)
    (858 )     (673 )     (62 )
Capitalization of interest (see f)
    358       374       34  
Accumulated amortization for capitalized interest (see f)
    (149 )     (185 )     (17 )
Goodwill (see g)
    124       124       11  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see h)
    4       3        
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see i)
    (71 )            
Discontinued operations (see k)
    (26 )            
Effect of SFAS No. 158 (see m)
    (371 )     (895 )     (84 )
Employee retirement obligations (see m)
    (88 )     (100 )     (7 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see n)
    (72 )     (67 )     (6 )
Sale of real estate (see o)
    (815 )     (386 )     (36 )
Impairment of long-lived assets (see p)
    263       253       23  
 
                 
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (1,764 )     (1,576 )     (146 )
 
                 
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 5,710     Ps. 5,850     US$ 538  
 
                 
  a)  
Minority interest
 
     
Under Mexican FRS, minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries is presented as a separate component within the stockholders’ equity section in the consolidated balance sheet. For U.S. GAAP purposes, minority interest is not included in stockholders’ equity and is presented below total liabilities and above the stockholders’ equity section in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
     
As discussed in insert q(15) below, SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51”, will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. SFAS No. 160 modifies the presentation of minority interest in the balance sheet (to be included within stockholders’ equity) and statement of income similar to that of Mexican FRS, for which reason the Company anticipates that this difference will no longer be applicable beginning January 1, 2009.

 

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  b)  
Deferred income taxes
 
     
Under Mexican FRS as required by Bulletin D-4, “Accounting for Income Tax, Tax on Assets and Employee Statutory Profit Sharing,” income taxes are charged to results as they are incurred and the Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, measured using enacted rates. The effects of changes in the statutory rates are accounted for in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carryforwards and asset tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is highly probable that sufficient future taxable income will be generated to recover such deferred tax assets.
 
     
Under U.S. GAAP, as required by SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, the Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, measured using enacted rates. The effects of changes in the statutory rates are accounted for in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carryforwards and asset tax credit carryforwards.
 
     
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income, projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible and tax planning strategies that would be taken to prevent an operating loss or tax credit carryforward from expiring unused, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowance at December 31, 2007.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company recognizes deferred taxes each period for the changes in the taxable portions of its distributable stockholders’ equity. The Company’s policy is to compare the deferred tax balance that would be required if all of the stockholders’ equity were distributed. This amount is compared to the total deferred tax balance recorded prior to this adjustment. The difference between the amount recorded and the amount calculated from the stockholders’ equity taxable accounts is recorded as an adjustment to deferred taxes as of the balance sheet date.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for the temporary difference that exists between the book basis and the tax basis of its foreign subsidiaries that legally own Vitro’s intellectual property at the applicable tax rate in the foreign jurisdiction based on the expected reversal date. For Mexican FRS purposes, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for the temporary difference that exists between the book basis and the tax basis at the applicable rate in Mexico, which is where it expects to recognize such benefits.

 

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U.S. GAAP differences to the extent taxable are reflected in the U.S. GAAP deferred tax balances. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities, which differ for U.S. GAAP from deferred tax assets and liabilities calculated under Mexican FRS, are presented as follows:
                 
    As of December 31,  
    2006     2007  
 
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities:
               
 
Employee retirement obligations
  Ps. 267     Ps. 370  
Discontinued operations
    7        
Sale of real estate
    227       108  
Purchase of Visteon capital investment
    20       19  
Buildings, machinery and equipment
    (87 )     (72 )
Stockholders’ equity
    (892 )     (776 )
Intellectual property
    (342 )     (269 )
Other
    (58 )     (53 )
 
           
Net deferred tax liability
  Ps. (858 )   Ps. (673 )
 
           
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. FIN 48 provides detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 requires an entity to recognize the financial statement impact of a tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. If the tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the tax effect is recognized at the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any difference between the tax position taken in the tax return and the tax position recognized in the financial statements using the criteria above results in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the unrecognized benefit. Similarly, if a tax position fails to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit taken in the tax return will also result in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the full amount of the unrecognized benefit. FIN 48 became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 for public entities and their subsidiaries. The Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, as required. The provisions of FIN 48 were applied to all tax positions under SFAS No. 109 upon initial adoption. The impact of adopting this interpretation was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
It is the Company’s policy to classify interest and penalties related to income tax related matters within income tax expense and other expenses, respectively. The Company’s significant operations are all located in Mexico, the United States of America, Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Spain. The tax laws in these jurisdictions permit the respective tax authorities to examine previously filed tax returns for the following years:
                 
Mexico
  U.S.   Spain   Guatemala   Costa Rica
2003-2007   2003-2007   2004-2007   2004-2007   2005-2007
  c)  
Negative goodwill and reduction in depreciation expense
 
     
Through December 31, 2004, for purposes of Mexican FRS, the Company recorded as a component of the consolidated statements of operations the amortization of the excess of the adjusted book value over cost of certain acquisitions (negative goodwill). The period of amortization for negative goodwill was 18 months.
 
     
Under U.S. GAAP, SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations”, requires that any negative goodwill (excess of fair value over cost) first be allocated to reduce long-lived assets acquired and if any negative goodwill remains that amount is recognized as an extraordinary gain.
 
     
Effective January 1, 2005, Bulletin B-7, conforms to the accounting established by U.S. GAAP as it relates to the accounting for negative goodwill.

 

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  d)  
Deferred workers’ profit sharing
 
     
In accordance with Mexican FRS the Company determines the provision for deferred workers’ profit sharing by applying the partial accrual method of Bulletin D-4 applicable to temporary differences between the financial and adjusted tax income that are expected to reverse within a defined period. For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company accrues for workers’ profit sharing based on a liability approach similar to accounting for income taxes under SFAS No. 109.
 
     
As discussed in note 22, NIF D-3, “Employee Benefits”, is effective beginning January 1, 2008, which will require companies to calculate deferred PTU using a similar balance sheet methodology similar to that required by U.S. GAAP.
 
  e)  
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers’ profit sharing
 
     
The monetary position result is determined by (i) applying the annual inflation factor to the net monetary position of the U.S. GAAP adjustments at the beginning of the period, plus (ii) the monetary position effect of such adjustments during the period, determined in accordance with the weighted average inflation factor.
 
     
As discussed in the introduction to this note as well as note 22, beginning January 1, 2008 with the issuance of NIF B-10, the Company expects that the basic financial statements under Mexican FRS will no longer include inflationary effects, for which reason, this reconciling item will no longer be applicable in the future.
 
  f)  
Capitalization of interest
 
     
Under Mexican FRS beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF D-6, “Capitalization of Comprehensive Financing Result”, accordingly the capitalization of the comprehensive financing result (interest expense, foreign exchange results and monetary position result) generated by borrowings obtained to finance investment directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets is mandatory. Prior to the adoption of NIF D-6, the Company did not capitalize the comprehensive financing result as it was optional.
 
     
In accordance with SFAS No. 34, “Capitalization of Interest Cost”, if the comprehensive financing result is incurred during the construction of qualifying assets, capitalization is required as part of the cost of such assets. Accordingly, until December 31, 2006 a reconciling item for the capitalization of a portion of the comprehensive financing result was included in the U.S. GAAP reconciliation of the majority net income and majority stockholder’s equity. The amortization expense and related accumulated amortization of such items generates a difference compared to Mexican FRS.
 
     
Beginning on January 1, 2007, a reconciling item is generated for borrowings denominated in US dollars, related to the foreign exchange results and monetary position result, which is capitalized under Mexican FRS and not for U.S. GAAP. If the borrowings are denominated in Mexican pesos, the amount of interest to be capitalized as noted above is reduced by the gain on monetary position associated with the debt.

 

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  g)  
Goodwill
 
     
As mentioned in note 3 j), under Mexican FRS, until December 31, 2004 goodwill represented the excess of cost over book value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition and was restated using the NCPI and amortized using the straight-line method over 20 years. Beginning on January 1, 2005, goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is restated using the NCPI and at least once a year is subject to impairment tests, as it ceased to be amortized under the provisions of Bulletin B-7 (see note 3 j).
 
     
In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles Assets”, beginning in 2002 goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are also no longer subject to amortization, but rather are subject at least once a year to impairment tests.
 
     
The difference between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as it relates to this item is due to the accumulate amortization of goodwill recorded under Mexican FRS that has been reversed in the reconciliation of stockholders’ equity for purposes of U.S. GAAP.
 
     
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 are as follows:
         
Balance as of December 31, 2005
  Ps. 763  
Changes for effects of inflation and exchange rates
    83  
 
     
Balance as of December 31, 2006
    846  
Acquisition (1)
    85  
Changes for effects of inflation and exchange rates
    63  
 
     
Balance as of December 31, 2007
  Ps. 994  
 
     
     
(1)  
The Company recorded goodwill of Ps. 85 related to the acquisition of 55% of the shares of Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A. de C.V (see note 20 e).
  h)  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
 
     
As discussed in note 3 g), under Mexican FRS Bulletin B-10 allows the restatement of the value of machinery and equipment purchased in a foreign country using the consumer price index of the country of origin and the period-end exchange rate. For U.S. GAAP purposes, such restatement is based on the NCPI.
 
     
As discussed in the introduction to this note as well as note 22, beginning January 1, 2008 with the issuance of NIF B-10, the Company expects that the basic financial statements under Mexican FRS will no longer include inflationary effects, for which reason, this reconciling item will no longer be applicable in the future. Further, even during inflationary periods, the alternate methodology described above has been eliminated by NIF B-10.
 
  i)  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15
 
     
In 1997, the IMCP issued Bulletin B-15, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Operations”, which specifies the procedures to be applied in the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries by Mexican companies for (i) current year amounts and (ii) prior year amounts, presented for comparative purposes. Vitro’s accounting policies for the consolidation of its foreign subsidiaries are described in notes 2 c) and 3 b). Such policies conform to the requirements of Bulletin B-15.

 

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The Company believes that the application of the methodology of Bulletin B-15 to translate the current year amounts for foreign operations does not result in a difference between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP that must be reconciled in order to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC. However, there are two methods allowed under Bulletin B-15 to restate prior year amounts for foreign subsidiaries. Vitro uses the method that reconsolidates prior year balances by restating foreign subsidiaries using the current inflation rate in the foreign country and translating into pesos using the year-end exchange rate. We believe that this methodology of Bulletin B-15 used to restate prior years balances for comparative purposes does not conform to the requirements of SEC Rule 3-20e of Regulation S-X, which requires all amounts in financial statements to be presented in the same reporting currency. Accordingly, in filings with the SEC, we are including an adjustment for the difference in methodologies of restating prior year balances. These amounts Ps. (12) and Ps. 34 in 2005 and 2006, respectively, in the reconciliation of net income, and Ps. (71) in 2006 in the reconciliation of stockholders’ equity represent the differences between (i) the balance if all amounts were adjusted by applying the NCPI, and (ii) the balance used in the primary financial statements to comply with Bulletin B-15.
 
  j)  
Derivative financial instruments
 
     
As of January 1, 2005, in accordance with Mexican FRS, as mentioned in note 3 a), the Company values and records all derivative instruments and hedging activities according to Bulletin C-10, which establishes similar accounting treatment as described in SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. Prior to the implementation of Bulletin C-10, financial instruments entered into for hedging purposes were valued using the same valuation criteria of the underlying assets or liabilities hedged, and the effect of such valuation was recognized in net income, net of costs, expenses or income from the assets or liabilities whose risks were being hedged.
 
     
The Company determined that the accounting for derivative financial instruments is the same for Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to their consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. The effects of the initial application of Bulletin C-10 were already reflected in the U.S. GAAP financial statements for 2004. Therefore, the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle is reconciled out of the amounts presented in the U.S. GAAP income statement for 2005.
 
  k)  
Discontinued operations
 
     
Mexican FRS as defined by Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of Long-lived Assets and their Disposal”, requires the asset group being disposed of to be presented as a discontinued operation only if its operations are individually significant to the consolidated operations. Bulletin C-15 defines the discontinuance of an operation as the process of final interruption of a significant business activity of an entity and establishes that the discontinuation of an operation implies the final interruption of a significant activity of the entity that leads to the sale, abandonment, exchange or return to stockholders of long-lived assets originally intended for use, in addition to other assets and liabilities related to the operation. Therefore, the analysis of the significance of the disposed business is performed without considering the eventual gain or loss on sale or aggregating each business being disposed with other businesses sold, and instead considers only the significance of the business activity of the relevant business being sold.

 

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U.S. GAAP as defined by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, requires that an entity report as discontinued operations those components of its business that have been classified as held for sale. A component of an entity is defined as comprising operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the business. Individually insignificant disposals of a component of an entity should be aggregated for purposes of assessing materiality for all periods presented. Therefore, individually insignificant dispositions should be aggregated and reported as discontinued operations under SFAS No. 144 beginning in the period the impact of the dispositions is material to the financial statements of any period presented. This evaluation should also include the effect of the gain or loss on sale of the component.
 
     
As a result of the differences identified above between U.S. GAAP and Mexican FRS, the following components of the Company’s business were presented as discontinued operations for U.S. GAAP purposes and were not under Mexican FRS due to their low level of significance.
   
On April 1, 2005, the Company sold 100% of its interest in Plásticos Bosco, S.A. de C.V. and Inmobiliaria de la Suerte, S.A. de C.V., which it refers to collectively as “Bosco,” its subsidiaries engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of plastic tubes and disposable thermo fold ware and industrial products, to Convermex, S.A. de C.V., which it refers to as “Convermex,” for US$10 million in cash. The consolidated net sales and operating loss of Bosco were approximately Ps. 112 and Ps. 8, respectively, during the period beginning on January 1, 2005 and ending on April 1, 2005. The Company recorded a loss for the sale of Bosco of Ps. 137.
 
   
On March 2, 2006, the Company sold its 51% interest in Química M, to Solutia Inc. for US$ 20 million in cash, recognizing a gain on sale of Ps. 101 under Mexican FRS and Ps. 100 under U.S. GAAP. Solutia is now the sole owner of this Mexican operation, which was formed in 1995. Química M was previously included in our Flat Glass reportable segment.
Basis difference between U.S. GAAP and Mexican FRS — The basis of the assets and liabilities under U.S. GAAP of the entities mentioned above at the time of their sale was different from the basis of such assets and liabilities under Mexican FRS; accordingly, the gain recorded on disposal of such entities under U.S. GAAP differs from that under Mexican FRS.
Disclosures of discontinued operations — The following table discloses the condensed statements of operations of the Company’s discontinued operations (includes Vitrocrisa, which is considered to be a discontinued operation under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP) for purposes of U.S. GAAP:
                         
    For the year ended December 31, 2006  
    Vitrocrisa     Química M     Total  
Condensed Statement of Operations:
                       
Sales
  Ps. 1,033     Ps. 82     Ps. 1,115  
Cost of sales
    861       75       936  
General, administrative and selling expenses
    130       5       135  
 
                 
Operating income
    42       2       44  
Total financing cost and other expenses
    (96 )     (2 )     (98 )
 
                 
Loss before income tax
    (54 )           (54 )
Income tax benefit (expense)
    23       (1 )     22  
 
                 
 
                       
Net loss
  Ps. (31 )   Ps. (1 )   Ps. (32 )
 
                 

 

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    For the year ended December 31, 2005  
    BOSCO     Vitrocrisa     Química M     Total  
Condensed Statement of Operations:
                               
Sales
  Ps. 112     Ps. 2,345     Ps. 644     Ps. 3,101  
Cost of sales
    102       2,004       540       2,646  
General, administrative and selling expenses
    18       277       40       335  
 
                       
Operating (loss) income
    (8 )     64       64       120  
Total financing cost and other expenses
    (2 )     (63 )     (6 )     (71 )
 
                       
(Loss) income before income tax
    (10 )     1       58       49  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (1 )     3       (18 )     (16 )
 
                       
 
                               
Net (loss) income
  Ps. (11 )   Ps. 4     Ps. 40     Ps. 33  
 
                       
  l)  
Deconsolidation of Comegua
 
     
For Mexican FRS purposes, based on: (a) the Company’s control over the CEO whose function is to govern the operating decisions and financial policies of Comegua; (b) the Company’s sole right to propose the CEO for designation by the Board of Directors of Comegua; and (c) the Company’s sole right to remove the CEO, the Company concludes that it controls Comegua as defined by Bulletin B-8, “Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and Valuation of Permanent Investments in Shares” and therefore, Comegua should be consolidated in accordance with Mexican FRS.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Company has determined that the control it retains over the management of the annual budget of Comegua is not unilateral and is not sufficient to meet all of the technical requirements for consolidation. The Company’s position is based on the guidance provided by EITF 96-16, “Investor’s Accounting for an Investee When the Investor Has a Majority of the Voting Interest but the Minority Shareholder or Shareholders Have Certain Approval or Veto Rights”. Under EITF 96-16, such approval and veto rights held by the minority shareholders of Comegua, including the approval of annual budget, qualify as substantive participating rights and therefore do not allow the Company to consolidate Comegua in its financial statements for U.S. GAAP purposes. Therefore, the Company’s investment in Comegua is recorded by applying the equity method in the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements. (See insert q(3)).
 
  m)  
Employee retirement obligations
 
     
The Company maintains defined benefit pension plans for all of its subsidiaries and provides for seniority premiums and severance payments (severance indemnities) for all of its Mexican subsidiaries. For its Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements, the Company applies Bulletin D-3. Prior to 2006, the accounting treatment for pensions and seniority premiums set forth in this Bulletin is substantially the same as those set forth in SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”. The Company records the pension cost determined by actuarial computations, as described in notes 3 k) and 11. Significant assumptions (weighted-average rates) used in determining net periodic pension cost and the Company’s related pension obligations for 2007 and 2006 are also described in note 11.

 

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Severance indemnities — Under Mexican FRS, effective 2005 revised Bulletin D-3 requires the recognition of a severance indemnity liability calculated based on actuarial computations. Similar recognition criteria under U.S. GAAP are established in SFAS No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Post employment Benefits”, which requires that a liability for certain termination benefits provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement such as these statutorily mandated severance indemnities, be recognized when the likelihood of future settlement is probable and the liability can be reasonably estimated. Mexican FRS allows for the Company to amortize the transition obligation related to the adoption of revised Bulletin D-3 over the expected service life of the employees. However, U.S. GAAP required the Company to recognize such effect upon initial adoption, which results in a difference in the amount recorded under the two accounting principles. The tables below reflect the requirements under U.S. GAAP, which applies SFAS No. 112 standard for all years presented.
 
     
The Company adopted SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)”, in its December 31, 2006 consolidated financial statements. This statement requires companies to (1) fully recognize, as an asset or liability, the over funded or under funded status of defined pension and other postretirement benefit plans; (2) recognize changes in the funded status through other comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur; and (3) provide enhanced disclosures. There is no impact on results of operations or cash flows. Retrospective application of this standard is not permitted.
 
     
A reconciliation of the Company’s employee retirement obligations from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP is shown in the following table:
                 
    2006     2007  
Employee retirement obligations under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 1,563     Ps. 1,245  
Effect of SFASB No 158 adjustment
    863       1,220  
Effect of retirement obligations
    88       100  
Additional minimum liability adjustment under Mexican FRS (1)
    (1,030 )     (796 )
Comegua’s employee retirement obligations (see l)
    (80 )     (83 )
 
           
Employee retirement obligations under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 1,404     Ps. 1,686  
 
           
     
(1)  
Includes Ps. 492 and Ps. 448 recognized in stockholders’ equity, net of the deferred income tax of Ps. 182 and Ps. 123 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
For purposes of determining the cost of its pension plans, seniority premiums and severance indemnities under U.S. GAAP, the Company applies SFAS No. 87, as amended by SFAS No. 158, and SFAS No. 112. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for its pension plans, seniority premiums and severance indemnities. The additional pension disclosures required by SFAS No. 132(R), “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits”, as amended by SFAS No. 158, which are applicable to the Company, are presented below:
                 
    2006     2007  
Change in benefit obligation:
               
 
               
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
  Ps. 2,679     Ps. 2.694  
Service cost
    71       74  
Interest cost
    143       150  
Amendments
          378  
Actuarial losses
    186       208  
Benefits paid
    (385 )     (351 )
Settlements
          82  
 
           
Benefit obligation at end of year
    2,694       3,235  
 
           
Changes in plan assets:
               
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    720       1,290  
Contribution of cash and securities
    449       328  
Return on plan assets
    380       184  
Benefits paid
    (259 )     (253 )
 
           
Fair value of plan assets at end of year (1)
    1,290       1,549  
 
           
Employee retirement obligations- unfunded status
  Ps. 1,404     Ps. 1,686  
 
           
     
(1)  
Includes approximately Ps. 1,139 and Ps. 914 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively of Vitro common stock (47,472,678 shares).

 

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Net periodic pension cost for 2005, 2006 and 2007 are summarized below:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Service cost
  Ps. 61     Ps. 71     Ps. 74  
Interest cost
    137       143       150  
Return on plan assets
    (44 )     (49 )     (88 )
Net amortization and deferral
    172       243       86  
Settlement cost
                117  
 
                 
Net periodic pension cost
  Ps. 326     Ps. 408     Ps. 339  
 
                 
The unrecognized items included in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) as of December 31, 2007 are as follows:
         
    2007  
Unrecognized items included in AOCI:
       
Transition obligation
  Ps. 142  
Prior service cost
    181  
Net actuarial gain
    897  
 
     
Unrecognized items
  Ps. 1,220  
 
     
 
       
Unrecognized items included in AOCI, net of tax of Ps. 342
  Ps. 878  
 
     
The amounts related to the Company’s employee retirement obligations recognized in other comprehensive income, arising during 2007 and as a result of being recognized as components of net periodic cost for the period are as follows:
                                 
    Transition     Prior service     Net actuarial        
    obligation     cost     gain     Total  
Balance as of December 31, 2006
  Ps. 160     Ps. 174     Ps. 529     Ps. 863  
Amounts arising during the period
    6       23       516       545  
Curtailment / Settlement effect
          (2 )     (100 )     (102 )
Amounts recognizad as components of net periodic cost
    (24 )     (14 )     (48 )     (86 )
 
                       
Balance as of December 31, 2007
  Ps. 142     Ps. 181     Ps. 897     Ps. 1,220  
 
                       
The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic service cost during 2008 are summarized below:
         
Transition Obligation
  Ps. 23  
Prior Service cost
    18  
Net Actuarial gain
    40  

 

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The trust assets consist of fixed income and variable funds, valued at market value. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the pension plan assets were invested in the following financial instruments:
                 
    2006     2007  
Fixed Rate:
               
Federal Government instruments
    29 %     25 %
Variable Rate:
               
Equity securities traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange
    71 %     75 %
 
           
 
    100 %     100 %
 
           
     
We develop our expected long-term rate of return assumption based on the historical experience of our portfolio and the review of projected returns by asset class on broad, publicly traded equity and fixed-income indices. The composition of the objective portfolio is consistent with the share composition of the portfolios of five of the best-known international companies located in Mexico that manage long-term funds.
 
     
Contributions to the pension plans amounted to Ps. 449 and Ps. 328 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The Company estimates that the contributions to the pension plan funds during 2008 are expected to be approximately Ps. 261. Expected benefit payments for our pension plans, seniority premium and severance indemnities are as follows:
                         
Year ended           Seniority     Severance  
December 31,   Pension     Premium     Indemnities  
2008
  Ps. 261     Ps. 10     Ps. 27  
2009
    259       9       24  
2010
    299       9       21  
2011
    228       9       19  
2012
    229       9       17  
2013 – 2017
    1,108       46       57  
     
As discussed in note 22, NIF D-3, “Employee Benefits”, is effective January 1, 2008. The Company is in the process of determining what effects, if any, adoption of this new NIF will have on this reconciling item.
 
  n)  
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
 
     
In connection with the termination of the joint venture agreement between Viméxico and Visteon discussed in note 20 d), under Mexican FRS as established in Bulletin B-7, “Business Acquisitions” the Company recognized the difference between the price paid and the book value of Ps. 70 as a credit in the majority stockholders’ equity. Under U.S. GAAP, in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” the excess over cost of Ps. 90 was allocated as a pro rata reduction of the acquired assets.

 

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  o)  
Sale of real estate
 
     
As disclosed in note 7 c) on December 14, 2006, Vitro sold real estate located in Mexico City used by COVISA for US$ 100 million, 80% payable on the date of sale and the remainder payable on the delivery date of the property. In connection with the sale of the property, the Company agreed to deliver the real estate within 24 months following the sale, free and clear of all buildings and fixtures, as well as any environmental claims, recording reserves of Ps. 56 for the estimated asset retirement costs and prepaid rent of Ps. 62 for the estimated fair value of the rental expense over the 24 months. Vitro is obligated to refund the US$ 80 million to the purchaser in the event that the property is not delivered to the purchaser within 24 months following the sale. A third party financial institution has guaranteed the repayment of the purchase price in the event Vitro does not deliver the property by such time and fails to refund the purchase price to the purchaser. Under U.S. GAAP, in accordance with SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate”, SFAS No. 13, “Leases” and SFAS No. 98, “Accounting for Leases” as a result of the Company’s level of continuing involvement the gain on the sale of the land has been deferred and is being recognized in earnings during the two years over which the Company continues to utilize the property. During 2007, the Company recognized Ps. 429 in earnings related to this transaction.
 
     
The depreciation estimates of the fixed assets that will be disposed of as a result of the real estate sale have been adjusted to reflect the use of the assets over their shortened useful lives. Such change in estimate is being accounted for prospectively. For purposes of Mexican FRS, the Company wrote off the net book value of the fixed assets against the gain on sale.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes, a difference results due to the depreciation expense related to the fixed assets that were written off under Mexican FRS.
 
  p)  
Impairment of long-lived assets
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes, in accordance with SFAS No. 144, long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable when the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Impairment charges and asset write-downs are presented in selling, general and administrative expenses in operating income in our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements.
 
     
For Mexican FRS purposes, in accordance with Bulletin C-15, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in use when an impairment indicator suggests that such amounts might not be recoverable, considering the greater of the present value of future net cash flows or the net sales price upon disposal. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the greater of the amounts mentioned above. Impairment charges and asset write-downs are presented in other expenses in our Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements.
 
     
In 2005 and 2006, for Mexican FRS purposes, while performing its annual impairment test using its best estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, the Company recorded an impairment charge of Ps. 111 and Ps. 334, respectively within its Flat Glass reportable segment as the carrying amount of the long-lived assets exceeded the present value of their future discounted cash flows. For U.S. GAAP purposes no impairment charge was recorded as the assets were considered to be recoverable given that the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets were greater then the carrying value of the asset.

 

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In 2005 for U.S. GAAP purposes, based on fair value appraisals received, the Company recorded an impairment charge of Ps. 195 for land and buildings located at its corporate offices classified as available for sale in accordance with SFAS No. 144. This charge is recorded in operating income for U.S. GAAP purposes. Under Mexican FRS, the assets did not meet the definition of held for sale as required by Bulletin C-15 as such assets were still in use by the Company at that time. The discounted cash flow model utilized by the Company did not result in an impairment charge for Mexican FRS purposes. During 2006 as disclosed in note 7 d), Vitro sold one of its buildings located at its corporate headquarters recognizing a loss on sale of Ps. 138 under Mexican FRS and PS. 93 under U.S. GAAP.
 
     
As a result of the transactions described above, differences result between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP due to the depreciation expense on fixed assets being recorded each year.
 
  q)  
Other differences and supplemental U.S. GAAP disclosures
  1.  
Accounts receivable securitizations
 
     
The Company has included additional disclosures in accordance with SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”, primarily related to the retained interests in the securitized financial assets. See below for the additional disclosures required by SFAS No. 140:
   
In 2004, VVP entered into an agreement to sell of its accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to VVP Funding, a wholly owned subsidiary of VVP. VVP Funding is a special-purpose entity that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote and self liquidating. Also, during 2004, VVP and VVP Funding entered into agreement with an unrelated financial institution whereby VVP Funding, on a revolving basis and subject to the maintenance of certain financial and receivables-based ratios, sells an undivided percentage ownership in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined, for consideration composed of cash, up to a maximum amount of US$ 40 million, and retain undivided interests in securitized receivables. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from VVP Funding to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables in accordance with SFAS No. 140. Effective April 16, 2007, a new agreement was signed and amended to increase the maximum selling amount from US$ 40 million to US$ 50 million. The agreement expires in April 2008 but is subject to annual renewal approval by the financial institution.
 
     
The gross receivables sold, totaling approximately US$ 78 million and US$ 76 million at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. Estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests securitized receivables at December 31, 2007 and 2006, totaled US$ 29 million and US$ 32 million and was determined based on expected credit losses and allowance of 3%, expected average receivable collection time of 52 days, and expected short-term commercial paper rates of 2.3% per annum. The Company has completed a sensitivity analysis on the estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests with the objective of measuring the change in value associated with changes in individual key variables. A 10% increase in expected credit losses and allowance, to 3.3%, would decrease the year-end valuation by approximately US$ 151 million, and 20% increase in expected credit losses and allowances, to 3.6%, would decrease the year-end valuation by approximately US$ 302 million. Similarly, 10 or 20% adverse fluctuations in either average receivable collection times or expected short-term commercial paper rates would not significantly affect the recorded fair value of the retained undivided interests. This sensitivity analysis is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 10 or 20% variation should not be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not always be linear.

 

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Proceeds received by the Company from the revolving securitizations aggregated to US$ 492 million and US$ 498 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and are included in cash flows from operating activities. Securitization fees totaled US$ 3 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and are included in general and administrative expenses. Delinquencies on securitized rec eivables, representing amounts over 60 days past due, totaled US$ 9 million and US$ 12 million at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively with credit losses totaling US$ 2 million for the years then ended. VVP continues to service the securitized receivables, receiving compensation that is approximately equal to its cost of such servicing plus a reasonable profit margin; accordingly, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company received servicing fees totaling US$ 0.6 million each year.
 
   
Securitization of VENA trade receivables. — On March 31, 2005, Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V. and Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., all subsidiaries of VENA, closed a revolving accounts receivable facility, through which such companies obtained Ps. 550 (nominal amount) and US$ 19 million. The VENA subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell all of their trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis during four years, to a fideicomiso (the “Mexican Trust”, a qualifying special purpose entity) that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. The Ps. 550 (nominal amount) was obtained through the issuance of certified preferred securities ( certificados bursátiles preferentes ) that trade on the Mexican Stock Exchange issued by the Mexican Trust, and US$ 19 million in subordinated notes, which have a payment guarantee by Vitro. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement on the certificados bursátiles preferentes and the subordinated notes are payable from the collection of the receivables originated by the VENA subsidiaries and sold to the Mexican Trust. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from VENA to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables in accordance with SFAS No. 140.
 
     
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold to the Trust totaled Ps. 1,074 and Ps. 1,075 respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 529 and Ps. 312, respectively. The Company has completed a sensitivity analysis on the estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests with the objective of measuring the change in value associated with changes in individual key variables. A 0.01% increase in the 12-month peak 3-month average loss ratio from the May 31, 2007 amount to 0.76% would result in a reduction in the availability equal to 0.13% of eligible funds.
 
     
Proceeds received by the Company from the revolving securitizations aggregated to Ps. 8,434 and Ps. 9,065 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, and are included in cash flows from operating activities. Delinquencies on securitized receivables, representing amounts over 60 days past due, totaled Ps. 22 in 2006 and Ps. 28 in 2007. VENA continues to service the securitized receivables, receiving compensation that is approximately equal to its cost of such servicing plus a reasonable profit margin; accordingly, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company received servicing fees totaling Ps. 31 and Ps. 26, respectively.

 

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Securitization of Viméxico (formerly Vitro Plan) trade receivables. — On August 22, 2005, Dinavisa, Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V. (“VFC”), Vidrio y Cristal and VAU, all subsidiaries of Viméxico, closed a five year revolving accounts receivable facility through which such companies obtained US$ 21.5 million. The Viméxico subsidiaries entered into an agreement to sell all of its trade accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to a Mexican Trust that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. The US$ 21.5 million was obtained through a private issuance of notes in the United States. The interest payments and eventual principal reimbursement will be provided from the collection of the receivables originated by four subsidiaries of Viméxico and sold to the Mexican Trust. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from Viméxico to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables in accordance with SFAS No. 140.
 
     
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold to the Trust totaled Ps. 574 and Ps. 580, respectively and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 332 and Ps. 346, respectively. The Company has completed a sensitivity analysis on the estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests with the objective of measuring the change in value associated with changes in individual key variables. A 0.01% increase in the 12-month peak 3-month average loss ratio from the May 31, 2006 amount to 3% would result in a reduction in the availability equal to 0.10% of eligible funds.
 
     
Proceeds received by the Company from the revolving securitizations aggregated to Ps. 560 and US$ 286 million dollars and Ps. 856 and US$ 152 million dollars for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and are included in cash flows from operating activities. Delinquencies on securitized receivables, representing amounts over 60 days past due, totaled Ps. 56 and US$ 1 million dollars, and Ps. 16 and US$ 1 million dollars at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Viméxico continues to service the securitized receivables, receiving compensation that is approximately equal to its cost of such servicing plus a reasonable profit margin; accordingly, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded. For the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company received servicing fees totaling Ps. 11.
  2.  
Reclassifications:
  (a)  
Gain or loss on sale of assets — The gain or loss on sale of assets that do not meet the definition of a component of a business as described in SFAS No. 144 are included in operating income in the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements. Gains or losses on sales of assets not presented as discontinued operations under Mexican FRS are included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated Mexican FRS financial statements (see note 16).
 
  (b)  
Classification of workers’ profit sharing — Under Mexican FRS, statutory employee profit sharing is presented under other income and expenses. In the Company’s U.S. GAAP statements of operations, workers’ profit sharing expense is classified as an operating expense.
 
  (c)  
Restructuring charges — During 2006 and 2007, the Company restructured certain operating units and its corporate and administrative functions. For Mexican FRS purposes the corresponding costs met the definition of a restructuring charge and were included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, but for U.S. GAAP purposes the Company applied SFAS No. 112. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying U.S. GAAP consolidated statements of operations.

 

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  3.  
Equity method investments — Through July 27, 2007, the Company accounted for its 50% joint venture investments in Vitro AFG under the equity method for US GAAP purposes and under proportionate consolidation method for Mexican FRS. Subsequent to acquiring the remaining 50% of the outstanding shares and assuming complete control over its operations, the Company began to consolidate its wholly-owned subsidiary (see note 20 f) for both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP. In addition, as mentioned in note 24 l) we account for Comegua under the equity method for U.S. GAAP purposes.
     
Summary information of the Company’s equity method investments is as follows:
                                 
    As of and for the year ended December 31,  
    2006     2007*     2006     2007  
    AFG     Comegua  
Current assets
  Ps. 42             Ps. 1,348     Ps. 1,117  
Total assets
    884               2,467       2,863  
Current liabilities
    402               384       539  
Total liabilities
    434               968       1,326  
Stockholders’ equity
    450               1,499       1,537  
                                 
    As of and for the year ended December 31,  
    2006     2007*     2006     2007  
    AFG     Comegua  
Net sales
  Ps. 224     Ps. 368     Ps. 1,789     Ps. 2,127  
Net income (loss)
    14       (134 )     14       38  
Cash flow information:
                               
Operating activities
  Ps. 2       (6 )   Ps. 107     Ps. 344  
Financing activities
                  225       380  
Investing activities
                  (344 )     (694 )
     
*  
For the period from January 1 through July 27, 2007.
     
Under U.S. GAAP, as of December 31, 2006 the Company’s investment in AFG was Ps. 225 and the investment in Comegua was Ps. 745 and Ps. 763 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
  4.  
Weighted-average interest rates — The weighted-average interest rates on short-term borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were approximately 7.31%, 8.85% and 7.75%, respectively.
 
  5.  
Fair value of financial instruments — SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”, requires disclosure of the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s significant financial instruments not previously disclosed in these financial statements were as follows:
                                 
    December 31, 2006     December 31, 2007  
    Carrying             Carrying        
    Amount     Fair Value     Amount     Fair Value  
Liabilities:
                               
Short-term borrowings
  Ps. 319     Ps. 319     Ps. 398     Ps. 398  
Long-term debt (1)
    12,507       13,036       14,520       13,948  
 
     
(1)  
Includes current portion of long-term debt.

 

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The fair value of short-term borrowings approximates their carrying value due to their short maturities. The fair value of the US (dollar denominated) publicly traded long-term debt was Ps. 7,567 and Ps. 13,067 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and its related book value was Ps. 7,038 and Ps. 13,639 respectively. The fair value of the remaining long-term debt approximates its book value of Ps. 5,469 and Ps. 881 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
     
The fair value of long-term debt was determined using available quoted market prices or other appropriate valuation methodologies that require considerable judgment in interpreting market data and developing estimates. Accordingly, the estimates presented above on long-term financial instruments are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
     
The fair value information presented herein is based on information available to management as of December 31, 2006 and 2007. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since that date and, therefore, the current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.
 
  6.  
Earnings per share in accordance with U.S. GAAP — Earnings per share in accordance with U.S. GAAP is based on the provisions of SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”. The methodologies required by Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as it relates to the calculation and presentation of the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share differs only in the net income (loss) utilized for purposes of the calculation.
 
     
Income (loss) per common share computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP is presented below:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Basic and diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations
  Ps. (0.66 )   Ps. (1.92 )   Ps. 1.37  
Discontinued operations
    (0.38 )     1.66          
 
                 
Basic and diluted income (loss) per common share
  Ps. (1.04 )   Ps. (0.26 )   Ps. 1.37  
 
                 
  7.  
Comprehensive income — Under U.S. GAAP, SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”, establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. Vitro’s items of other comprehensive income are: loss from holding nonmonetary assets, unrealized gain (loss) on long-term investments, the currency translation adjustment and the amortization of unrecognized items related to its labor obligations.
 
     
See note 24 r), for consolidated financial statements presented on a U.S. GAAP basis, which reflect the provisions of SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”. There were no reclassification adjustments for any of the periods presented.
 
  8.  
Share-based Payment — In 2006 the Company adopted and currently applies SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment”, in accounting for its share-based payment awards. The Company’s employee stock option plan was adopted in 1998. The disclosures required under U.S. GAAP as they relate to this plan are included in note 14 c).

 

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  9.  
Restrictions that limit the payment of dividends by the registrant — The Company derives substantially all of its operating income from advances, fees, interest and dividends paid to the Company by its subsidiaries. Accordingly, in paying the principal of, premium, if any, interest on, and additional amounts, if any, with respect to the Company’s indebtedness, the Company relies on income from advances, fees, interest and dividends from its’ subsidiaries, as well as income from the disposition of one or more of its subsidiaries, interests therein or assets thereof. Therefore, the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to pay such dividends or make such distributions are subject to (i) such subsidiaries having net income and the requisite amount of paid-in capital under Mexican law, (ii) such subsidiaries’ shareholders (including the Company’s joint venture partners) having approved the payment of such dividends at the annual general ordinary shareholders’ meeting and (iii) applicable laws and, in certain circumstances, restrictions contained in joint venture and debt agreements. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the net assets of the Company’s subsidiaries were not restricted.
 
  10.  
Concentration of credit risk — The Company sells products to customers primarily in Mexico, the U.S. and Europe, although no single customer accounted for more than 8% of consolidated net sales in 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company has customers that are significant to its business units and to its consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. The Company’s three largest customers accounted for approximately 15% of its consolidated net sales in 2007, 2006 and 2005. The Company conducts periodic evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company does not believe that significant risk of loss from a concentration of credit risk exists given the large number of customers that comprise its customer base and their geographical dispersion. The Company also believes that its potential credit risk is adequately covered by the allowance for doubtful accounts.
 
  11.  
Irrevocable Standby Letters of Credit — As of December 31, 2006 and 2007 VVP Holdings Corp. (one of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries), had outstanding irrevocable standby letters of credit issued, for insurance purposes, totaling US$18 and US$13, respectively.
 
  12.  
Vicap Notes — 11 3/8% Vicap Notes registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 were issued by Vicap (now known as SOFIVSA), the Company’s 100% owned finance subsidiary, and fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Vitro. There are no restrictions on the ability of Vitro to obtain funds from SOFIVSA by dividend or loan. The Vicap Notes were repaid prior to their maturity date in March 2007.
 
  13.  
Major Maintenance Activities — The provisions of FASB Staff Position AUG AIR.1 “Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance” became effective on January 1, 2007; this guidance prohibits the use of the accrue-in-advance method of accounting for planned major maintenance. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
  14.  
Under Mexican FRS, the Company presents a consolidated statement of changes in financial position in accordance with Bulletin B-12, “Statement of Changes in Financial Position”, which identifies the generation and application of resources by the differences between beginning and ending balance sheet items presented in constant Mexican pesos. Bulletin B-12 also requires that monetary and foreign exchange gains and losses be treated as cash items for the determination of resources generated by operating activities.

 

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In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company follows SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” which is presented in historical Mexican pesos, without the effects of inflation.
 
     
As mentioned in note 22, NIF B-2, “Statement of Cash Flows”, is effective January 1, 2008. NIF B-2 requires that the statement show a company’s cash inflows and outflows during the period and establishes general rules for the presentation, structure and preparation of a cash flow statement and replaces the statement of changes in financial position on a prospective basis.
 
  15.  
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
     
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”. SFAS No. 159 gives the Company the irrevocable option to carry most financial assets and liabilities at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. If the fair value option is elected, changes in fair value would be recorded in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company’s 2008 fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this statement could have on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
     
In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurement”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for the measurement of fair value, and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. The Statement does not require any new fair value measures. The Statement is effective for fair value measures already required or permitted by other standards for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is required to adopt SFAS No. 157 beginning on January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 157 is required to be applied prospectively, except for certain financial instruments. Any transition adjustment will be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption. On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-1 and FSP FAS 157-2, which remove leasing transactions accounted for under SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases” from the scope of SFAS No. 157 and partially defer the effective date of SFAS No. 157 as it relates all nonrecurring fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its results of operations and financial position.
 
     
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations—a replacement of FASB No. 141”. SFAS No. 141(R) requires (a) a company to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at fair value as of the acquisition date; and (b) an acquirer in preacquisition periods to expense all acquisition-related costs. SFAS No. 141(R) requires that any adjustments to an acquired entity’s deferred tax asset and liability balance that occur after the measurement period be recorded as a component of income tax expense. The presentation and disclosure requirements must be applied retrospectively to provide comparability in the financial statements. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of this standard is dependant upon the level of future acquisitions.

 

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In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 (a) amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (to be included within stockholders’ equity) and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary; (b) changes the way the consolidated income statement is presented; (c) establishes a single method of accounting for changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation; (d) requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated; and (e) requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent’s owners and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 must be applied prospectively but to apply the presentation and disclosure requirements must be applied retrospectively to provide comparability in the financial statements. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of this standard is dependant upon the level of future acquisitions.
 
     
In September 2006, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements”. EITF 06-4 provides guidance on the accounting for arrangements in which an employer owns and controls the insurance policy and has agreed to share a portion of the cash surrender value and/or death benefit with the employee. This guidance requires an employer to record a postretirement benefit, in accordance with FASB Statement No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions”, or APB Opinion No. 12, “Omnibus Opinion-1967”, if there is an agreement by the employer to share a portion of the proceeds of a life insurance policy with the employee during the postretirement period. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2007. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adopting EITF 06-4 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations; however, the Company currently expects that additional liabilities may be required to be recognized upon implementation of the consensus based on the current terms of certain life insurance arrangements with executive officers of the Company.
 
  16.  
Subsequent event
 
     
By resolution adopted by the Ordinary General Shareholders Meeting on April 17, 2008, the Company paid on May 12, 2008 a cash dividend in an amount of Ps. 0.40 per share, for a total amount of Ps. 143 million.
 
  r)  
Comparative consolidated financial statements — U.S. GAAP

 

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. GAAP BASIS

(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                 
    December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  Ps. 1,081     Ps. 1,491  
Trade receivables, net
    1,042       1,293  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
    1,249       968  
Other receivables
    1,167       2,589  
Inventories
    3,537       3,720  
Deferred income taxes
    140       634  
 
           
Current assets
    8,216       10,695  
Investment in unconsolidated and associated companies
    970       764  
Land and buildings, net
    7,992       7,884  
Machinery and equipment, net
    6,150       7,179  
Construction in progress
    822       1,539  
Goodwill
    846       994  
Other assets
    1,101       930  
 
           
Total assets
  Ps. 26,097     Ps. 29,985  
 
           
 
               
Liabilities
               
Short-term borrowings
  Ps. 185     Ps. 253  
Current maturities of long-term debt
    57       485  
Trade payables
    2,035       2,339  
Sundry creditors
    849       2,209  
Accrued expenses
    969       1,346  
Current portion of unrealized gain on sale of real estate
    524       484  
 
           
Current liabilities
    4,619       7,116  
 
           
Long-term debt
    12,063       13,439  
Employee retirement obligations
    1,404       1,686  
Unrealized gain on sale of real estate
    502        
Deferred income taxes
    466       477  
Other long-term liabilities
    218       205  
 
           
Long-term liabilities
    14,653       15,807  
 
           
Total liabilities
    19,272       22,923  
 
           
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
    1,115       1,212  
 
           
 
               
Stockholders’ Equity
               
Total stockholders’ equity
    5,710       5,850  
 
           
Total liabilities, minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 26,097     Ps. 29,985  
 
           

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
U.S. GAAP BASIS

(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Net sales
  Ps. 24,292     Ps. 25,655     Ps. 26,159  
Cost of sales
    17,570       18,875       18,429  
 
                 
 
                       
Gross profit
    6,722       6,780       7,730  
Selling, general and administrative expenses, net
    5,891       5,344       5,206  
 
                 
 
                       
Operating income
    831       1,436       2,524  
 
                 
 
                       
Interest expense
    2,390       2,487       2,138  
Interest income
    (163 )     (133 )     (169 )
Exchange loss (gain), net
    (417 )     214       83  
Gain from monetary position
    (447 )     (536 )     (504 )
 
                 
Total financing cost
    1,363       2,032       1,548  
 
                 
 
                       
Operating (loss) income after financing cost
    (532 )     (596 )     976  
Other income (expenses), net
    415       52       (491 )
 
                 
 
                       
(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes
    (117 )     (544 )     485  
Income and asset tax (benefit) expense
    (144 )     175       (74 )
Minority interest
    (216 )     150       (107 )
Share in earnings of unconsolidated associated companies
    6       15       17  
 
                 
 
                       
Net (loss) income from continuing operations
    (183 )     (554 )     469  
Discontinued operations including a (loss) gain on disposal of discontinued operations of Ps. (137) in 2005 and Ps. 513 in 2006, net of taxes of Ps. (4) and Ps. (86) respectively
    (104 )     480        
 
                 
Net (loss) income
  Ps. (287 )   Ps. (74 )   Ps. 469  
 
                 

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
U.S. GAAP BASIS

(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
 
Stockholders’ equity at the beginning of the year
  Ps. 5,375     Ps. 4,913     Ps. 5,710  
Comprehensive income (loss):
                       
Net income
    (287 )     (74 )     469  
 
                 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                       
Employee retirement obligations
    22             (282 )
Gain from holding nonmonetary assets
    37       (126 )     (141 )
Cumulative translation adjustment
    (18 )     1       11  
Deferred income taxes
    (439 )     (67 )     259  
Deferred workers’ profit sharing
    7              
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
    (96 )     (34 )     32  
 
                 
Other comprehensive loss
    (487 )     (226 )     (121 )
 
                 
Comprehensive loss
    (774 )     (300 )     348  
Bulletin B-15 adjustments
    241       (45 )     (72 )
SFAS No. 158 adjustment
          (131 )      
Canceled dividends
    164              
Dividends declared and paid
    (100 )     (95 )     (136 )
Sale of treasury stock
    7       70        
Issuance of capital stock
          577        
Dilution of minority interest
          721        
 
                 
Stockholders’ equity at the end of the year
  Ps. 4,913     Ps. 5,710     Ps. 5,850  
 
                 

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. GAAP BASIS*

(Millions of nominal pesos)
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Operating Activities:
                       
(Loss) income from continuing operations in constant pesos
  Ps. (183 )   Ps. (554 )     469  
Effect of constant pesos and monetary gain
    (370 )     (453 )     (532 )
 
                 
(Loss) income from continuing operations in nominal pesos
    (553 )     (1,007 )     (63 )
Add (deduct) non-cash items:
                       
Minority interest
    200       (145 )     108  
Depreciation and amortization
    1,636       1,718       1,400  
Provision for employee retirement obligations and other
long-term liabilities
    293       377       344  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    200       188       166  
Share in earnings of unconsolidated associated companies
    (6 )     (13 )     (17 )
Dividends received from unconsolidated associated companies
    17       12       28  
Fair value of derivative financial instruments
    (123 )     (107 )     208  
Gain on execution of Vitro Club’s trust
    (424 )            
Gain from sale of subsidiaries
          34       12  
Write-off and loss (gain) from sale of fixed assets
    428       48       (371 )
Deferred income tax and workers’ profit sharing
    (323 )     71       (404 )
Exchange (gain) loss
    (373 )     197       145  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
                       
Increase in trade payables
    97       213       278  
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables
    616       26       (181 )
(Increase) decrease in inventories
    (170 )     320       (265 )
Changes in other current assets and liabilities
    (482 )     (471 )     465  
Employee retirement obligations
    (282 )     (557 )     (472 )
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
    31       (30 )      
Operating assets and liabilities from discontinued operations
    151       29        
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    933       903       1,383  
 
                 
Investing Activities:
                       
Sale of land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    29       1,342       71  
Investment in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    (978 )     (1,009 )     (2,146 )
Sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    157       1,049       38  
Investment subsidiaries
                    (177 )
Restricted cash
    1       385       (327 )
Discontinued operations
    (178 )     20        
Capital distribution to minority interest
          (21 )     (21 )
Deferred charges and other long-term assets
    (64 )     (86 )     (316 )
 
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    (1,033 )     1,680       (2,878 )
 
                 

 

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    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Financing Activities:
                       
Proceeds from short-term borrowings
    2,820       4,603       2,413  
Proceeds from long-term debt
    5,606       840       13,581  
Payment of short-term borrowings
    (3,927 )     (3,191 )     (4,644 )
Payment of long-term debt
    (5,278 )     (5,419 )     (9,201 )
Debt issuance costs
    (183 )     (23 )     (285 )
Issuance of capital stock
          556          
Sale (purchase) of treasury stock
    7       67       (1 )
Dividends paid to stockholders of Vitro
    (90 )     (92 )     (133 )
Dividends paid to minority interests
    (67 )     (20 )     (47 )
Other financing activities
                    279  
Discontinued operations
    (4 )     (19 )        
 
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (1,116 )     (2,698 )     1,962  
 
                 
 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (1,216 )     (115 )     467  
Exchange rate effect on cash and cash equivalents
    (47 )     26       (18 )
Balance at beginning of year
    2,394       1,131       1,042  
 
                 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 1,131     Ps. 1,042     Ps. 1,491  
 
                 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities reflects net cash payments of interest and income taxes as follows:
                       
Interest
  Ps. 1,773     Ps. 1,694     Ps. 1,369  
Income taxes
    246       20       441  
     
*  
This consolidated statement of cash flows on the basis of nominal pesos is presented to fulfill disclosure requirements of the International Practices Task Force of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

 

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Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts — Mexican FRS
For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007
                                         
    Balance at the                     Changes for        
    beginning of                     effects of     Balance at the end  
    year     Additions     Deductions     inflation     of the year  
 
                                       
Year ended December 31, 2007
                                       
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  Ps. 213     Ps. 115     Ps. (59 )   Ps. (7 )   Ps. 262  
Deferred tax valuation allowance
    269       159       (132 )     (10 )     286  
 
                             
 
  Ps. 482     Ps. 274     Ps. (191 )   Ps. (17 )   Ps. 548  
Year ended December 31, 2006
                                       
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  Ps. 203     Ps. 72     Ps. (55 )   Ps. (7 )   Ps. 213  
Deferred tax valuation allowance
    628       192       (526 )     (25 )     269  
 
                             
 
  Ps. 831     Ps. 264     Ps. (581 )   Ps. (32 )   Ps. 482  
 
                                       
Year ended December 31, 2005
                                       
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  Ps. 136     Ps. 105     Ps. (39 )   Ps. 1     Ps. 203  
Deferred tax valuation allowance
    737       34       (118 )     (25 )     628  
 
                             
 
  Ps. 873     Ps. 139     Ps. (157 )   Ps. (24 )   Ps. 831  

 

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25.  
Guarantor and non-guarantor financial information
 
   
As disclosed in note 10 c), the Company issued US$ 700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017 callable after year 2012 at a coupon of a 9.125% and US$ 300 million of senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2012 not callable for the notes’ life at a coupon of 8.65% (together the “Notes”) principally to refinance existing third-party debt at the Vitro holding company level, substantially all of the third-party debt at its subsidiary VENA and certain third-party debt at its subsidiary Viméxico.
 
   
The obligations of the Company pursuant to each series of the Notes, including any repurchase obligation resulting from a change of control, are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, by VENA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and Viméxico and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
 
   
The following Vitro subsidiaries are designated as guarantors as of December 31, 2007; Viméxico, VENA, Vitro Corporativo, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Envases Holding, S.A. de C.V., Taller de Colección Vitro, S.A. de C.V., Servicios Corporativos de Edificaciones, S.A. de C.V, Vidriera Monterrey, S.A. de C.V., Vidriera Los Reyes, S.A. de C.V., Vidriera Guadalajara, S.A. de C.V., Vidriera Querétaro, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Cosmos, S.A. de C.V., Vidriera Toluca, S.A. de C.V., Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Fabricación de Máquinas, S.A. de C.V., Servicios Integrales de Acabados, S.A. de C.V., Inmobiliaria Loma del Toro, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Alcali, S.A. de C.V., Comercializadora Alcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., Vidrio Lux, S.A., Vitro Packaging, Inc., Vitro Europa, Ltd., American Asset Holdings, Corp., Crisa Holding Corp., Troper Inc., Troper Services, Inc., Amsilco Holdings, Inc., BBO Holdings, Inc., Crisa Corp., Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V, Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Distribuidor Vidriero Lan, S.A. de C.V., Vitrocar, S.A. de C.V., Cristales Inastillables de México, S.A. de C.V., Vidrio Plano de México, S.A. de C.V., VVP Holdings Corp., VVP Autoglass, Inc., Vitro America, Inc., Super Sky Products, Inc., Super Sky International, Inc., VVP Finance Corp., Super Sky Constructors, Inc., Vitro Colombia, S.A., VVP Europa Holdings, B.V., Vitro do Brasil Industria e Comercio, Ltda., Vitro Chemicals, Fibers and Mining, Inc., Vitro Global, Ltd, Servicios y Operaciones Financieras Vitro, S.A. de C.V., Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A de C.V., Vidrio Plano, S.A. de C.V., Distribuidora de Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., and Vidrio Plano de Mexicali, S.A. de C.V.
 
   
The following condensed consolidating financial information includes separate columnar information for:
   
Vitro (the parent company issuer),
 
   
Vitro’s combined wholly-owned guarantors,
 
   
Consolidated information for Viméxico and its subsidiaries (Viméxico and its wholly-owned guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries — the guarantor and non-guarantor financial information for Viméxico and its subsidiaries is included in note 22 of Viméxico’s consolidated financial statements),
 
   
Vitro’s combined non-guarantors (combined amounts of Vitro’s non-guarantor subsidiaries not already included in the consolidated Viméxico column), and
   
Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by Vitro under the equity method for purpose of the supplemental consolidating information. The principal elimination entries eliminate the parent company’s investment in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions.

 

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  a)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheets presented in accordance with Mexican FRS:
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Cash, trade receivables and other current assets
  Ps. 2,046     Ps. 2,941     Ps. 1,090     Ps. 4,189     Ps. (6,296 )   Ps. 3,970  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
          530       693                   1,223  
 
                                               
Inventories, net
          1,578       2,049       355             3,982  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Current assets
    2,046       5,049       3,832       4,544       (6,296 )     9,175  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Investments in subsidiaries
    11,427       1,809                   (13,236 )      
 
                                               
Property, plant and equipment, net
    1,908       7,145       5,758       1,501       11       16,323  
 
                                               
Deferred taxes
          1,037       477       167       (794 )     887  
Other assets
    904       1,068       1,079       53       (794 )     2,310  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term assets
    14,239       11,059       7,314       1,721       (14,813 )     19,520  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total assets
  Ps. 16,285     Ps. 16,108     Ps. 11,146     Ps. 6,265     Ps. (21,109 )   Ps. 28,695  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Short-term borrowings
  Ps.     Ps.     Ps. 263     Ps. 122     Ps.     Ps. 385  
Trade payables
          1,148       977       121       (49 )     2,197  
 
                                               
Tax liabilities
    4,402       298       343             (5,043 )      
 
                                               
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    292       2,968       2,734       1,936       (5,677 )     2,253  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Current liabilities
    4,694       4,414       4,317       2,179       (10,769 )     4,835  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term debt
    3,484       6,456       416       2,085             12,441  
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations and other long-term liabilities
    633       1,425       459       377       (841 )     2,053  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term liabilities
    4,117       7,881       875       2,462       (841 )     14,494  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total liabilities
    8,811       12,295       5,192       4,641       (11,610 )     19,329  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total majority interest
    7,474       3,813       4,516       1,624       (9,953 )     7,474  
 
                                               
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
                1,438             454       1,892  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total stockholders’ equity
    7,474       3,813       5,954       1,624       (9,499 )     9,366  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 16,285     Ps. 16,108     Ps. 11,146     Ps. 6,265     Ps. (21,109 )   Ps. 28,695  
 
                                   

 

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            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Cash, trade receivables and other current assets
  Ps. 6,227     Ps. 5,962     Ps. 1,302     Ps. 921     Ps. (8,364 )   Ps. 6,048  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
          312       656                   968  
 
                                               
Inventories, net
          1,824       2,000       296             4,120  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Current assets
    6,227       8,098       3,958       1,217       (8,364 )     11,136  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Investments in subsidiaries
    11,269       1,678                   (12,947 )      
 
                                               
Property, plant and equipment, net
    2,198       8,183       5,777       1,866       (183 )     17,841  
 
                                               
Deferred taxes
          636       570       5       (181 )     1,030  
Other assets
    9,538       984       1,363       117       (9,822 )     2,180  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term assets
    23,005       11,481       7,710       1,988       (23,133 )     21,051  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total assets
  Ps. 29,232     Ps. 19,579     Ps. 11,668     Ps. 3,205     Ps. (31,497 )   Ps. 32,187  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Short-term borrowings
  Ps. 131     Ps. 326     Ps. 281     Ps. 205     Ps.     Ps. 943  
Trade payables
          1,148       1,221       176       (83 )     2,462  
 
                                               
Tax liabilities
    4,905       344       391       76       (5,716 )      
 
                                               
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    2,946       4,524       2,993       665       (7,393 )     3,735  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Current liabilities
    7,982       6,342       4,886       1,122       (13,192 )     7,140  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term debt
    13,313             127       535             13,975  
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations and other long-term liabilities
    511       9,138       608       283       (8,854 )     1,686  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Long-term liabilities
    13,824       9,138       735       818       (8,854 )     15,661  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total liabilities
    21,806       15,480       5,621       1,940       (22,046 )     22,801  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total majority interest
    7,426       4,099       4,453       1,265       (9,817 )     7,426  
 
                                               
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
                1,594             366       1,960  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total stockholders’ equity
    7,426       4,099       6,047       1,265       (9,451 )     9,386  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 29,232     Ps. 19,579     Ps. 11,668     Ps. 3,205     Ps. (31,497 )   Ps. 32,187  
 
                                   

 

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  b)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of operations presented in accordance with Mexican FRS:
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2005   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. 265     Ps. 11,921     Ps. 13,704     Ps. 1,891     Ps. (1,214 )   Ps. 26,567  
Cost of sales
          8,420       9,962       1,100       (284 )     19,198  
 
                                               
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    89       2,238       3,228       785       (810 )     5,530  
 
                                               
Total financing cost
    471       656       383       10       (20 )     1,500  
 
                                               
Other (income) expenses, net
    (378 )     357       451       (47 )     111       494  
 
                                               
Income tax expense (benefit)
    23       (51 )     (749 )     159       99       (519 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations before change in accounting principle
    60       301       429       (116 )     (310 )     364  
 
                                               
Income from discontinued operations
    3                   3       (3 )     3  
 
                                               
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax
          (94 )     (132 )           102       (124 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income (loss) for the year
    63       207       297       (113 )     (211 )     243  
 
                                               
Net minority income (loss)
                185             (5 )     180  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net majority income (loss)
  Ps. 63     Ps. 207     Ps. 112     Ps. (113 )   Ps. (20 6)   Ps. 63  
 
                                   
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. 566     Ps. 12,923     Ps. 13,462     Ps. 2,255     Ps. (1,330 )   Ps. 27,876  
 
                                               
Cost of sales
          8,979       9,959       1,313       (21 )     20,230  
 
                                               
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    87       2,315       3,085       871       (829 )     5,529  
 
                                               
Total financing cost
    374       1,242       631       49       (20 )     2,276  
 
                                               
Other expenses (income), net
    3       13       450       114       (809 )     (229 )
 
                                               
Income tax expense (benefit)
    150       212       (77 )     46       (103 )     228  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net (loss) income from continuing operations
    (48 )     162       (586 )     (138 )     452       (158 )
 
                                               
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    449                   (31 )     31       449  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income (loss) for the year
    401       162       (586 )     (169 )     483       291  
 
                                               
Net minority income (loss)
                188             (298 )     (110 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net majority income (loss)
  Ps. 401     Ps. 162     Ps. (774 )   Ps. (169 )   Ps. 781     Ps. 401  
 
                                   

 

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Table of Contents

                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. 775     Ps. 13,487     Ps. 13,605     Ps. 2,511     Ps. (1,787 )   Ps. 28,591  
 
                                               
Cost of sales
          9,255       9,578       1,556       (202 )     20,187  
 
                                               
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    100       2,360       3,245       859       (864 )     5,700  
 
                                               
Total financing cost
    803       797       443       66       (449 )     1,660  
 
                                               
Other (income) expenses, net
    (2 )     544       91       56       180       869  
 
                                               
Income tax (benefit) expense
    (113 )     360       152       36       (391 )     44  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net (loss) income for the year
    (13 )     171       96       (62 )     (61 )     131  
 
                                               
Net minority income (loss)
                182             (38 )     144  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net majority (loss) income
  Ps. (13 )   Ps. 171     Ps. (86 )   Ps. (62 )   Ps. (23 )   Ps. (13 )
 
                                   

 

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Table of Contents

  c)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of changes in financial position presented in accordance with Mexican FRS:
                                                 
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2005   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Operating Activities:
                                               
 
                                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. 60     Ps. 301     Ps. 429     Ps. (116 )   Ps. (310 )   Ps. 364  
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
    6       1,071       668       109             1,854  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
          268       83       15             366  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    98       100       21                   219  
Write-off and loss from sale of assets
          197       220       1       (27 )     391  
Others non-cash charges
    277       (859 )     (1,068 )     106       350       (1,194 )
 
                                               
Decrease (increase) in inventories
          61       (266 )     13       23       (169 )
Changes in other current assets and liabilities
    (221 )     498       671       52       (435 )     565  
Employee retirement obligations
          (247 )     (58 )     (6 )           (311 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    220       1,390       700       174       (399 )     2,085  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Financing Activities:
                                               
 
                                               
Bank loans, net
    (2,057 )     1,045       (646 )     (296 )     142       (1,812 )
Other financing activities
    2,550       (973 )     625       (319 )     (2,382 )     (499 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    493       72       (21 )     (615 )     (2,240 )     (2,311 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Investing Activities:
                                               
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
          (550 )     (468 )     (98 )     9       (1,107 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
          1       31       9       (10 )     31  
Restricted cash
          (122 )     1       122             1  
Investments in subsidiaries
                                       
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    169                         1       170  
Other investing activities
    (2,734 )     (152 )     (100 )     359       2,360       (267 )
 
                                   
Net resources (used in) generated by investing activities
    (2,565 )     (823 )     (536 )     392       2,360       (1,172 )
 
                                   
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (1,852 )     639       143       (49 )     (279 )     (1,398 )
Balance at beginning of year
    1,854       329       180       196       279       2,838  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 2     Ps. 968     Ps. 323     Ps. 147     Ps. -     Ps. 1,440  
 
                                   

 

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Table of Contents

                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Operating Activities:
                                               
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. (48 )   Ps. 162     Ps. (586 )   Ps. (138 )   Ps. 452     Ps. (158 )
 
                                               
Depreciation and amortization
    11       1,049       598       137             1,795  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
          279       138       3               427  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    77       84       37                   198  
Write-off and loss from sale of assets
    (882 )     (56 )     465       58       13       (402 )
Other non-cash charges
    (833 )     (1,408 )     (384 )     3       2,494       (128 )
 
                                               
(Increase) decrease in inventories
          (165 )     451       (73 )     10       223  
Changes in other current assets and liabilities
    2,284       (393 )     (815 )     (77 )     (1,284 )     (285 )
Employee retirement obligations
          (406 )     (188 )     (2 )     7       (589 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    609       (847 )     (284 )     (89 )     1,692       1,081  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Financing Activities:
                                               
Banks loans, net
    (1,506 )     358       (2,214 )     202       26       (3,134 )
Issuance of capital stock
    578             1,526             (1,526 )     578  
Other financing activities
    (26 )     5       469       438       (946 )     (60 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net resources (used in) generated by financing activities
    (954 )     363       (219 )     640       (2,446 )     (2,616 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Investing Activities:
                                               
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    (507 )     (848 )     (330 )     (116 )     549       (1,252 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
    1,404       504       339       53       (607 )     1,693  
Restricted cash
          35       281       103             419  
Investments in subsidiaries
                      (218 )           (218 )
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    681       65       177             291       1,214  
Other investing activities
    (562 )     (5 )     (117 )     (376 )     521       (539 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net resources generated by (used in) investing activities
    1,016       (249 )     350       (554 )     754       1,317  
 
                                   
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    671       (733 )     (153 )     (3 )           (218 )
 
                                               
Balance at beginning of year
    2       968       323       147             1,440  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 673     Ps. 235     Ps. 170     Ps. 144     Ps.     Ps. 1,222  
 
                                   

 

F-74


Table of Contents

                                                 
                Consolidated                    
            Combined     Viméxico     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly- Owned     and     Non-     And     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Operating Activities:
                                               
Net (loss) income
  Ps. (13 )   Ps. 171     Ps. 96     Ps. (62 )   Ps. (61 )   Ps. 131  
Depreciation and amortization
    15       771       480       148             1,414  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
    0       176       57       28             261  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    24       142       4                   170  
Impairment of long-lived assets
                91       31             122  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
          (89 )     (55 )           191       47  
Derivative financial instruments
    87       100       29                     216  
Deferred taxes
    (113 )     (183 )     (104 )     3       47       (351 )
Other non-cash charges
    296       22       20             (230 )     108  
 
                                   
 
                                               
(Increase) decrease in trade receivables
          171       (194 )     (39 )     (145 )     (207 )
(Increase) decrease in inventories
          (334 )     (19 )     42       3       (308 )
Increase (decrease) in trade payables
                223       55       (35 )     243  
Changes in other current assets and liabilities
    741       (462 )     105       (32 )     77       429  
Employee retirement obligations
          (351 )     (101 )     (20 )           (472 )
 
                                   
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    1,037       134       632       154       (154 )     1,803  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Financing Activities:
                                               
Banks loans, net
    9,959       (7,839 )     (270 )     243       (22 )     2,071  
Debt issuance cost
    (76 )     (208 )     (9 )                   (293 )
Dividends paid
    (136 )           (51 )     (101 )     73       (215 )
Other financing activities
    (10,266 )     7,939       261       134       2,418       486  
 
                                   
Net resources (used in) generated by financing activities
    (519 )     (108 )     (69 )     276       2,469       2,049  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Investing Activities:
                                               
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    (306 )     (1,919 )     (324 )     (445 )     299       (2,695 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
          239       131       1       (299 )     72  
Restricted cash
          (322 )     (9 )                   (331 )
Investments in subsidiaries
    (144 )           (181 )           144       (181 )
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    12       25                         37  
Other long-term assets
                49             (85 )     (36 )
Deferred charges
          (80 )     (206 )     (16 )     1       (302 )
Other investing activities
          2,336               38       (2,374 )        
 
                                       
Net resources (used in) generated by investing activities
    (438 )     279       (540 )     (422 )     (2,315 )     (3,436 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    80       305       23       8             416  
 
                                               
Balance at beginning of year
    673       235       170       144             1,222  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 753     Ps. 540     Ps. 193     Ps. 152     Ps.     Ps. 1,638  
 
                                   

 

F-75


Table of Contents

  d)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating financial information reconciled from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP:
   
As disclosed in note 24, the Company’s reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP does not eliminate the effects of inflation as it represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes.
 
   
The other differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP and the effects on consolidated net income (loss) and consolidated stockholders’ equity as it relates to the Company’s guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries are presented below (see note 24 for a description of such differences):
                                                 
                                     
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly- Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2005   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net income (loss) of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 63     Ps. 207     Ps. 112     Ps. (113 )   Ps. (206 )   Ps. 63  
 
                                   
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see note 24 a)
          (2 )     2             (61 )     (61 )
 
                                               
Deferred income taxes (see note 24 b)
    81       (130 )     (387 )                 (436 )
Negative goodwill and reduction in depreciation expense (see note 24 c)
    112                               112  
Deferred workers’ profit sharing (see note 24 d)
          59       (16 )                 43  
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing (see note 24 e)
          29       (2 )                 27  
 
                                               
Capitalization of interest (see note 24 f)
          38       18                   56  
Amortization of capitalized interest (see note 24 f)
          (22 )     (6 )                 (28 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see note 24 h)
          (114 )     (70 )                 (184 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see note 24 i)
    (8 )     21       (7 )           (18 )     (12 )
Derivative financial instruments (see note 24 j)
    (145 )     136       188                   179  
 
                                               
Discontinued operations (see note 24 k)
                      (1 )           (1 )
Employee retirement obligations (see note 24 m)
          31       8                   39  
Impairment of long-lived assets (see note 24 p)
    (149 )           65                   (84 )
 
                                               
Investment in subsidiaries
    (241 )                       241        
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (350 )     46       (207 )     (1 )     162       (350 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (287 )   Ps. 253     Ps. (95 )   Ps. (114 )   Ps. (44 )   Ps. (287 )
 
                                   

 

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            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly- Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net income (loss) of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 401     Ps. 162     Ps. (774 )   Ps. (169 )   Ps. 781     Ps. 401  
 
                                   
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                               
 
                                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see note 24 a)
                            26       26  
 
                                               
Deferred income taxes (see note 24 b)
    233       (137 )     (182 )           140       54  
 
                                               
Negative goodwill and reduction in depreciation expense (see note 24 c)
    30                               30  
 
                                               
Deferred workers’ profit sharing (see note 24 d)
          (36 )     (15 )                 (51 )
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing (see note 24 e)
    (2 )     33       13                   44  
 
                                               
Capitalization of interest (see note 24 f)
          63       9                   72  
 
                                               
Amortization of capitalized interest (see note 24 f)
          (28 )     (8 )                 (36 )
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see note 24 h)
          (119 )     (68 )                 (187 )
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see note 24 i)
    1       17       4             12       34  
 
                                               
Discontinued operations (see note 24 k)
    (57 )                                   (57 )
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations (see note 24 m)
          20       11                   31  
 
                                               
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see note 24 n)
                1                   1  
 
                                               
Sale of real estate (see 24 o)
    (815 )                             (815 )
 
                                               
Impairment of long-lived assets (See note 24 p)
                379                   379  
 
                                               
Investment in subsidiaries
    135                         (135 )      
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (475 )     (187 )     144             43       (475 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (74 )   Ps. (25 )   Ps. (630 )   Ps. (169 )   Ps. 824     Ps. (74 )
 
                                   

 

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            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Net (loss) income of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. (13 )   Ps. 171     Ps. (86 )   Ps. (62 )   Ps. (23 )   Ps. (13 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see note 24 a)
                3             21       17  
 
                                               
Deferred income taxes (see note 24 b)
    (120 )     110       (37 )           102       55  
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing (see note 24 e)
    (10 )     24       17                   31  
 
                                               
Capitalization of interest (see note 24 f)
          16                         16  
 
                                               
Amortization of capitalized interest (see note 24 f)
          (32 )     (4 )                 (36 )
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see note 24 h)
          (15 )     (21 )                 (36 )
 
                                               
Discontinued operations (see note 24 k)
    26                                 26  
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations (see note 24 m)
          (8 )     (7 )                 (15 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see note 24 n)
                5                   5  
 
                                               
Sale of real state (see note 24 o)
    429                               429  
 
                                               
Impairment of long-lived assets (see note 24 p)
                (10 )                 (10 )
 
                                               
Investment in subsidiaries
    157                           (157 )        
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    482       95       (54 )             36       482  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income (loss) under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 469     Ps. 266     Ps. (140 )   Ps. (62 )   Ps. 13     Ps. 469  
 
                                   

 

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            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 7,474     Ps. 3,813     Ps. 5,954     Ps. 1,624     Ps. (9,499 )   Ps. 9,366  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS (see note 24 a)
                (1,438 )           (454 )     (1,892 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    7,474       3,813       4,516       1,624       (9,953 )     7,474  
 
                                   
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                               
 
                                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see note 24 a)
                (51 )           (12 )     (63 )
 
                                               
Deferred income taxes (see note 24 b)
    277       (773 )     (510 )     5       143       (858 )
 
                                               
Capitalization of interest (see note 24 f)
          315       43                   358  
Accumulated amortization of capitalized interest (see note 24 f)
          (131 )     (19 )           1       (149 )
 
                                               
Goodwill (see note 24 g)
                124                   124  
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see note 24 h)
          (16 )     20                   4  
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see note 24 i)
    (71 )           119             (119 )     (71 )
 
                                               
Discontinued operations (see note 24 k)
    (26 )                             (26 )
 
                                               
Effect of SFASB No. 158 (see note 24 m)
          (220 )     (131 )     (20 )           (371 )
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations (see note 24 m)
          (57 )     (31 )                 (88 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see note 24 n)
                (72 )                 (72 )
 
                                               
Sale of real state (see note 24 o)
    (815 )                             (815 )
 
                                               
Impairment of long-lived assets (see note 24 p)
    (149 )     13       399                   263  
 
                                               
Investment in subsidiaries
    (980 )                       980        
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (1,764 )     (869 )     (109 )     (15 )     993       (1,764 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 5,710     Ps. 2,944     Ps. 4,407     Ps. 1,609     Ps. (8,960 )   Ps. 5,710  
 
                                   

 

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            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 7,426     Ps. 4,099     Ps. 6,047     Ps. 1,265     Ps. (9,451 )   Ps. 9,386  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS (see note 24 a)
                    (1,594 )             (366 )     (1,960 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    7,426       4,099       4,453       1,265       (9,817 )     7,426  
 
                                   
 
                                               
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see note 24 a)
                (49 )           25       (24 )
 
                                               
Deferred income taxes (see note 24 b)
    146       (524 )     (541 )     6       240       (673 )
 
                                               
Capitalization of interest (see note 24 f)
          332       42                   374  
Accumulated amortization of capitalized interest (see note 24 f)
          (163 )     (22 )                 (185 )
 
                                               
Goodwill (see note 24 g)
                124                   124  
 
                                               
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
(see note 24 h)
          21       (18 )                   3  
 
                                               
Effect of SFAS No. 158 (see note 24 m)
          (711 )     (163 )     (21 )             (895 )
 
                                               
Employee retirement obligations
(see note 24 m)
          (61 )     (38 )     (1 )             (100 )
 
                                               
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see note 24 n)
                (67 )                   (67 )
 
                                               
Sale of real state (see note 24 o)
    (386 )                               (386 )
 
                                               
Impairment of long-lived assets
(see note 24 p)
    (149 )     12       390                     253  
 
                                               
Investment in subsidiaries
    (1,187 )                         1,187          
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (1,576 )     (1,094 )     (342 )     (16 )     1,452       (1,576 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 5,850     Ps. 3,005     Ps. 4,111     Ps. 1,249     Ps. (8,365 )   Ps. 5,850  
 
                                   

 

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  e)  
Supplemental U.S. GAAP Cash Flow Information
 
     
The classifications of cash flows under MFRS and U.S. GAAP are basically the same in respect of the transactions presented under each caption. The nature of the differences between Mexican MFRS and U.S. GAAP in the amounts reported is primarily due to (i) the elimination of inflationary effects in the variations of monetary assets and liabilities arising from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding monetary position result in operating activities, (ii) the elimination of exchange rate fluctuations resulting from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss included in operating activities, and (iii) the recognition in operating, financing and investing activities of the U.S. GAAP adjustments.
 
     
For the Guarantors, the following table summarizes the cash flow items as required under SFAS No. 95 provided by (used in) operating, financing and investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, giving effect to the U.S. GAAP adjustments, excluding the effects of inflation required by Bulletin B-10 and Bulletin B-15. The following information is presented, in millions of pesos, on a historical peso basis and it is not presented in pesos of constant purchasing power.
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments          
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2005   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
  Ps. (21 )   Ps. 995     Ps. 615     Ps. (28 )   Ps. (628 )   Ps. 933  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    678       209       33       146       (2,182 )     (1,116 )
Net cash (used in) investing activities
    (2,317 )     (636 )     (525 )     (165 )     2,610       (1,033 )
     
Net cash flow from operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2005   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Interest paid
  Ps. 787     Ps. 762     Ps. 535     Ps. 668     Ps. (979 )   Ps. 1,773  
 
Income taxes paid
    (34 )     162       104       58       (44 )     246  
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  Ps. 427     Ps. (657 )   Ps. (293 )   Ps. (72 )   Ps. 1,498     Ps. 903  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (1,049 )     181       (142 )     770       (2,458 )     (2,698 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    1,270       (181 )     308       (695 )     978       1,680  

 

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Net cash flow from operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2006   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Interest paid
  Ps. 549     Ps. 863     Ps. 658     Ps. 723     Ps. (1,099 )   Ps. 1,694  
 
                                               
Income taxes paid
    (1,847 )     1,675       151       29       12       20  
                                                 
                                     
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  Ps. 547     Ps. 629     Ps. 549     Ps. (30 )   Ps. (312 )   Ps. 1,383  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (4 )     (879 )     (7 )     141       2,711       1,962  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    (438 )     582       (505 )     (116 )     (2,401 )     (2,878 )
     
Net cash flow from operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                                 
            Combined     Consolidated     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Viméxico and     Non-     and     Vitro  
As of December 31, 2007   Vitro     Guarantors     Subsidiaries     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                               
Interest paid
  Ps. 914     Ps. 1,492     Ps. 373     Ps. 88     Ps. (1,498 )   Ps. 1,369  
 
                                               
Income taxes paid
    (581 )     834       204       10       (26 )     441  

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Viméxico, S.A. de C.V.
Garza García, N. L., Mexico
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes in financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 (all expressed in millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007). These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in Mexico and with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As disclosed in Note 1 to the accompanying financial statements, at the Extraordinary General Shareholders’ meeting held on December 11, 2006, it was agreed to merge the Company with Vitro Plan, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro Plan”), an affiliate under the common control of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.. Subsequent to the merger, the Company remained as the surviving entity and assumed all the rights and obligations of the newly merged entity. As the transaction was entered into between entities under common control, the financial statements and related disclosures of the merged entity were presented as if the two subsidiaries had been combined as of the earliest period presented, with intercompany transactions eliminated.
Effective January 1, 2005 as mentioned in Note 3 a) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and recognized the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle of Ps. 132 million, net of tax.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the results of their operations, changes in their stockholders’ equity and changes in their financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards.
Mexican Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The application of the latter would have affected the determination of net income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and the determination of stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, to the extent summarized in Note 21.
As disclosed in Note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)”, effective December 31, 2006.
The accompanying financial statements have been translated into English for the convenience of readers in the United States of America.
Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C.
Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
C.P.C. Gricelda García Ruiz
Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
March 14, 2008 (June 23, 2008 as to Notes 21 and 22)

 

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Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                 
    2006     2007  
 
               
Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  Ps. 170     Ps. 193  
Trade receivable, net
    438       670  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
    693       656  
Recoverable taxes
    119       8  
Other accounts receivable
    363       431  
Inventories
    2,049       2,000  
 
           
Current assets
    3,832       3,958  
Land and buildings
    2,854       2,658  
Machinery and equipment
    2,743       2,943  
Construction in progress
    161       176  
Goodwill
    776       861  
Intangible employee retirement obligation asset
    56       72  
Deferred taxes
    477       570  
Other assets
    247       430  
 
           
Long-term assets
    7,314       7,710  
 
           
Total assets
  Ps. 11,146     Ps. 11,668  
 
           
Liabilities
               
Short-term borrowings
  Ps. 203     Ps. 254  
Current maturities of long-term debt
    60       27  
Trade payables
    977       1,221  
Accrued expenses
    343       391  
Derivative financial instruments
    25       70  
Accounts and notes payables to affiliates
    2,258       2,285  
Other accounts payable
    451       638  
 
           
Current liabilities
    4,317       4,886  
 
           
Long-term debt
    416       127  
Long-term notes payables to affiliates
            294  
Employee retirement obligations
    138       39  
Deferred tax liabilities
    89       76  
Other liabilities
    232       199  
 
           
Long-term liabilities
    875       735  
 
           
Total liabilities
    5,192       5,621  
 
           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
               
Stockholders’ equity
               
Capital stock
    4,721       4,721  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
    (2,493 )     (2,537 )
Cumulative initial effect of deferred taxes
    (1,644 )     (1,644 )
Minimum labor liability adjustment
    (96 )     (29 )
Retained earnings
    4,028       3,942  
 
           
Total majority interest
    4,516       4,453  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
    1,438       1,594  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    5,954       6,047  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 11,146     Ps. 11,668  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
     
Ing. Hugo A. Lara García
Chief Executive Officer
  Ing. Jorge Mario Guzmán Guzmán
Chief Financial Officer

 

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Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Net sales
  Ps. 13,704     Ps. 13,462     Ps. 13,605  
Cost of sales
    9,962       9,959       9,578  
 
                 
Gross profit
    3,742       3,503       4,027  
Operating expenses
    3,228       3,085       3,245  
 
                 
Operating income
    514       418       782  
 
                 
Comprehensive financing result:
                       
Interest expense, net
    577       724       472  
Exchange gain (loss)
    32       (28 )     (86 )
Derivative financial instruments gain (loss)
    7       (28 )     3  
Gain from monetary position
    155       149       112  
 
                 
 
    383       631       443  
 
                 
Operating income (loss) after financing cost
    131       (213 )     339  
Other expenses, net
    451       450       91  
 
                 
(Loss) income before taxes
    (320 )     (663 )     248  
Income taxes (benefit) expense
    (749 )     (77 )     152  
 
                 
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
    429       (586 )     96  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax
    132                  
 
                 
Net income (loss) for the year
  Ps. 297     Ps. (586 )   Ps. 96  
 
                 
Minority income
  Ps. 185     Ps. 188     Ps. 182  
Net majority income (loss)
    112       (774 )     (86 )
 
                 
Consolidated net income (loss)
  Ps. 297     Ps. (586 )   Ps. 96  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Operating activities:
                       
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
  Ps. 429     Ps. (586 )   Ps. 96  
Add (deduct) non-cash items:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    668       598       480  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
    70       138       57  
Early extinguishment of employee retirement obligations
    13       1       20  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    21       37       4  
Gain from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
            (100 )        
Impairment of long-lived assets
    181       334       91  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
    39       131       (55 )
Mark-to-market of derivative financial instruments
    (116 )     (28 )     29  
Deferred taxes and employee profit sharing
    (952 )     (257 )     (104 )
 
                 
 
    353       268       618  
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables
    508       148       (194 )
(Increase) decrease in inventories
    (266 )     451       (19 )
Increase in trade payables
    33       1       223  
Increase (decrease) in retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
    (327 )     (19 )     37  
Change in other current assets and liabilities
    457       (945 )     68  
Employee retirement obligations
    (58 )     (188 )     (101 )
 
                 
Net resources generated by used in operating activities
    700       (284 )     632  
 
                 
Financing activities:
                       
Notes payable to affiliated companies
    740       448       317  
Proceeds from short-term bank loans
    1,679       1,317       557  
Proceeds from long-term bank loans
    848       47       145  
Amortization in real terms of bank loans
    (98 )     (64 )     (24 )
Payment of short-term bank loans
    (1,575 )     (1,837 )     (564 )
Payment of long-term bank loans
    (1,500 )     (1,677 )     (384 )
Debt issuance costs
    (57 )     (2 )     (9 )
Issuance of capital stock
            1,526          
Dividends paid to minority interest
    (79 )     (54 )     (51 )
Other financing activities
    21       77       (56 )
 
                 
Net resources used in financing activities
    (21 )     (219 )     (69 )
 
                 
Investing activities:
                       
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    (468 )     (330 )     (324 )
Proceeds from sale of land, buildings, machinery and equipment
    31       339       131  
Restricted cash
    1       281       (9 )
Investment in subsidiaries
    (9 )             (181 )
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
            177          
Capital distribution to minority interest
    11       (109 )        
Long-term accounts receivables
    (3 )     96       53  
Other long-term assets
    6       (2 )     (4 )
Deferred charges
    (105 )     (102 )     (206 )
 
                 
Net resources (used in) generated by investing activities
    (536 )     350       (540 )
 
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    143       (153 )     23  
Balance at beginning of year
    180       323       170  
 
                 
Balance at end of year
  Ps. 323     Ps. 170     Ps. 193  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of Mexican constant pesos as of December 31, 2007)
                                                         
            Shortfall in     Cumulative     Minimum                    
            restatement of     initial effect of     labor liability     Retained     Minority     Stockholders’  
    Capital stock     capital     deferred taxes     adjustment     earnings     interest     equity  
Balance as of January 1, 2005
  Ps. 3,195     Ps. (2,541 )   Ps. (1,644 )   Ps. (101 )   Ps. 4,690     Ps. 1,470     Ps. 5,069  
Dividends paid
                                            (79 )     (79 )
Comprehensive income
            (6 )             5       112       196       307  
 
                                         
Balance as of December 31, 2005
    3,195       (2,547 )     (1,644 )     (96 )     4,802       1,587       5,297  
Issuance of capital stock
    1,526                                               1,526  
Dividends paid
                                            (54 )     (54 )
Decrease in minorityinterest
            69                               (325 )     (256 )
Comprehensive loss
            (15 )                     (774 )     230       (559 )
 
                                         
Balance as of December 31, 2006
    4,721       (2,493 )     (1,644 )     (96 )     4,028       1,438       5,954  
Dividends paid
                                            (51 )     (51 )
Comprehensive income
            (44 )             67       (86 )     207       144  
 
                                         
Balance as of December 31, 2007
  Ps. 4,721     Ps. (2,537 )   Ps. (1,644 )   Ps. (29 )   Ps. 3,942     Ps. 1,594     Ps. 6,047  
 
                                         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(Millions of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 2007)
1  
Activities of the company
 
   
Viméxico, S.A. de C.V. (“Viméxico”) and subsidiaries (the “Company”), a 91.8% subsidiary of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. (“Vitro” or the “Parent Company”), was incorporated on October 18, 2006, as a Mexican Company, which, through its subsidiaries, is mainly dedicated to the manufacturing and selling of float glass in the architectural and automotive industries.
 
   
At the Extraordinary General Shareholders’ meeting held on December 11, 2006, it was agreed to merge the Company with Vitro Plan, S.A. de C.V. a subsidiary under the common control of Vitro. Subsequent to the merger, the Company remained as the surviving entity and assumed all the rights and obligations of the newly merged entity. As the transaction was entered into between entities under common control, the financial statements and related footnote disclosures of the merged entity were presented as if the two subsidiaries had been combined as of the earliest period presented, with intercompany transactions eliminated (see Note 11e).
 
2  
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation
  a.  
Basis of presentation
 
     
The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis of Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“NIFs” or “Mexican FRS”).
 
     
All references in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, to pesos or “Ps.” correspond to Mexican pesos, and references to dollars or “US$” correspond to dollar of United States of America (the “United States”).

 

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  b.  
Consolidated subsidiaries
 
     
Those companies in which Viméxico holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the capital stock, or which it controls, are included in the consolidated financial statements. For those companies in which Viméxico has joint control, the proportionate consolidation method is used. This method consists of consolidating on a proportionate basis the assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity and revenues and expenses. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The main subsidiaries the Company consolidates as of December 31, 2007, are as follows:
                 
    % interest in the capital  
    stock  
    2006     2007  
Vidrio Plano de México, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Vidrio Plano, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Cristales Inastillables de México, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V.(1)
    100       100  
Cristales Centroamericanos, S.A.
    100       100  
Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
V.V.P. Holdings Corporation.
    100       100  
Cristales Automotrices, S.A. de C.V.
    51       51  
Distribuidor Vidriero Lan, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A. de C.V.(4)
            55  
Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
 
               
Tecnológica Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, Ltd
    100       100  
IP Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, Ltd
    100       100  
VVP Europa Holdings BV
    100       100  
Vitro Cristalglass, S.L.
    60       60  
Vitro Chaves Industria de Vidrio, S.A.
    60       60  
Vidrio Plano de Mexicali, S.A. de C.V.
    100       100  
Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.(2)
    50       100  
Vitro America, Inc.
    100       100  
Vitro Colombia, S.A.
    100       100  
Química M, S.A. de C.V.(3)
               
     
(1)  
On September 29, 2006, the Company assumed 100% control of Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V. (see Note 17).
 
(2)  
On July 24, 2007, the Company acquired the remaining 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro AFG”) from AFG Industries Inc. (“AFG Industries”), in order to assume control and increase its ownership to 100%, subsequently changing its legal name to Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. (see Note 17).
 
(3)  
On March 2, 2006, the Company sold its 51% interest in the capital stock of this company (see Note 17).
 
(4)  
On August 29, 2007, Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro VyC”), a subsidiary of Viméxico acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of Productos de Valor Agregado en Cristal, S.A. de C.V. (“PVA”) (see Note 17).
  c.  
Translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries
 
     
In order to consolidate the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries, the effects of inflation were taken into consideration in accordance with Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation in Financial Information”, as amended. Such companies’ financial statements are translated into Mexican pesos using the current rate method. The assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity and the statement of operations accounts are translated into Mexican pesos using the exchange rate as of the date of the most recent balance sheet presented. The cumulative translation adjustment is included in shortfall in restatement of capital as a component of stockholders’ equity.

 

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  d.  
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
     
Represents changes in stockholders’ equity during the year, for concepts other than distributions and activity in contributed common stock, and is comprised of the net income (loss) of the year, plus other comprehensive income (loss) items of the same period, which are presented directly in stockholders’ equity without affecting the consolidated statements of operations. Other comprehensive income (loss) items consist of the shortfall in restatement of capital, the translation effects of foreign subsidiaries and the additional minimum labor liability adjustment.
 
  e.  
Classification of costs and expenses
 
     
Costs and expenses presented in the consolidated statements of operations were classified according to their function which allows for the analysis of the Company’s gross margin. The Company continues to present operating income in the statements of operations as it is an important financial indicator within the industry and helps to evaluate the Company’s performance. Operating income includes ordinary income and expenses as well as operating expenses. Such presentation is comparable with what was utilized for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006.
3  
Summary of significant accounting policies
 
   
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with NIFs, which require that management make certain estimates and use certain assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and their related disclosures; however, actual results may differ from such estimates. The Company’s management, upon applying professional judgment, considers that estimates made and assumptions used were adequate under the circumstances. The significant accounting policies of the Company are as follows:
  a.  
Changes in accounting policies:
 
     
Statement of income — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted new NIF B-3, “Statement of Income”, which now classifies revenues, costs and expenses into ordinary and non-ordinary. Ordinary items are derived from primary activities representing an entity’s main source of revenues. Non-ordinary items are derived from activities other than those representing an entity’s main source of revenues. Consequently, the classification of certain transactions as special and extraordinary was eliminated; these items are now part of other income and expenses and non-ordinary items, respectively. Statutory employee profit sharing (“PTU”) should now be presented as an ordinary expense and no longer presented with income taxes. According to Interpretation of Financial Information Standards Number 4, “Presentation of Statutory Employee Profit Sharing in the Statement of Income” (“INIF 4”), PTU should be included within other income and expenses. The main effect of adopting this interpretation was the reclassification of current and deferred PTU for 2005, 2006 and 2007 of Ps. 25, Ps. 26 and Ps. 24 respectively, to other income and expenses.

 

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Related parties — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF C-13, “Related Parties”, which broadens the concept “related parties” to include a) the overall business in which the reporting entity participates; b) close family members of key management or prominent executives; and c) any fund created in connection with a labor-related compensation plan. NIF C-13 also requires the following disclosures: 1) that the terms and conditions of consideration paid or received in transactions carried out between related parties be equivalent to those of similar transactions carried out between independent parties and the reporting entity, only if sufficient evidence exists; 2) benefits granted to the entity’s key management or prominent executives. Notes to the 2005 and 2006 consolidated financial statements were amended to comply with the new provisions.
 
     
Capitalization of comprehensive financing result — Beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF D-6, “Capitalization of Comprehensive Financing Result”, which establishes general capitalization standards. Some of these standards include: a) mandatory capitalization of comprehensive financing result (“CFR”) directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets; b) when financing in domestic currency is used to acquire assets, yields obtained from temporary investments before the capital expenditure is made are excluded from the amount capitalized; c) a methodology to calculate capitalizable CFR relating to funds from generic financing; d) regarding land, CFR may be capitalized if land is developed; and e) conditions that must be met to capitalize CFR and rules indicating when CFR should no longer be capitalized. The Company did not have any qualifying assets in 2007 and therefore it did not capitalize CFR during the period.
 
     
Derivative financial instruments and hedging operations — Effective January 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Bulletin C-10, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and recognized the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle in 2005 of Ps. 132, net of tax.
 
  b.  
Recognition of the effects of inflation — The Company restates its consolidated financial statements to Mexican peso purchasing power of the most recent balance sheet date presented. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of the prior year, which are presented for comparative purposes, have also been restated to Mexican pesos of the same purchasing power and, therefore, differ from those originally reported in the prior year.
 
     
Viméxico’s Mexican subsidiaries use the “Indice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor” (Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or “NCPI”), published by Banco de México. For Viméxico’s foreign subsidiaries , except as noted below, the Consumer Price Index — All Urban Consumers — All Items, Unadjusted (“CPI”) published by the United States Labor Department is used to restate the financial statements, and the restated financial statements are translated into Mexican pesos using the applicable exchange rate at the end of the last period presented, except in the case of the Company’s subsidiaries located in Spain, for which it applies the Price Consumption Index (“PCI”), published by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain before translation into Mexican pesos using the exchange rate of the Euro.

 

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Recognition of the effects of inflation results mainly in inflationary gains or losses on monetary and nonmonetary items that are presented in the consolidated financial statements as follows:
   
Shortfall in restatement of capital — This item, which is an element of stockholders’ equity, represents the accumulated effect of holding nonmonetary assets and the effect of the initial monetary position gain or loss. The cumulative effect of holding nonmonetary assets represents the difference between the specific values of nonmonetary assets in excess of or below the increase attributable to general inflation.
 
   
Monetary position result — Monetary position result reflects the result of holding monetary assets and liabilities during periods of inflation. Values stated in current monetary units decrease in purchasing power over time. This means that losses are incurred by holding monetary assets, whereas gains are realized by maintaining monetary liabilities. The net effect is presented in the statements of operations as part of the total comprehensive financing result. For foreign subsidiaries the result from monetary position is calculated using the CPI, except in the case of the Company’s subsidiaries located in Spain for which it applies the PCI.
 
   
“Statement of Changes in Financial Position” Bulletin B-12 — This statement requires presentation of the sources and uses of funds during the period measured as the differences, in constant pesos, between the beginning and ending balances of balance sheet items adjusted by the excess (shortfall) in restatement of capital. As required by Bulletin B-12, the monetary effect and the effect of changes in exchange rates are considered cash items in the determination of resources generated from operations due to the fact they affect the purchasing power of the entity.
  c.  
Cash and cash equivalents — Consist mainly of bank deposits in checking accounts and readily available investments of highly liquid short-term investments. They are valued at the lower of acquisition cost plus accrued yields or estimated net realizable value and are recognized in results of operations as they accrue.
 
  d.  
Investments in securities — According to its intent, from the date of acquisition the Company classifies its investments in securities instruments in any of the following categories: (1) trading, when the Company intends to trade debt and equity instruments in the short-term, before their maturity, if any. These investments are stated at fair value; any fluctuations in the value of these investments are recognized in current earnings; (2) held-to-maturity, when the Company intends to and is financially capable of holding financial instruments until their maturity. These investments are recognized and maintained at amortized cost; and (3) available-for-sale, investments that include those that are classified neither as trading nor held-to-maturity. These investments are stated at fair value; any unrealized gains and losses resulting from valuation, net of income tax, are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity and reclassified to current earnings upon their sale or maturity. The monetary position resulting from the effects of inflation on available-for-sale investments is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Fair value is determined using prices quoted in recognized markets. If such instruments are not traded, fair value is determined by applying recognized technical valuation models.

 

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Investments in securities classified as held-to-maturity and available-for-sale are subject to impairment tests. If there is evidence that the reduction in fair value is other than temporary, the impairment is recognized in current earnings.
 
     
Financial liabilities derived from the issuance of debt instruments are recorded at the value of the obligations they represent. Any expenses, premiums and discounts related to the issuance of debt financial instruments are amortized over the life of the instruments.
 
  e.  
Derivative financial instruments — The Company states all derivatives at fair value in the balance sheet, regardless of the purpose for holding them. Fair value is determined using prices quoted in recognized markets. If such instruments are not traded, fair value is determined by applying recognized valuation techniques.
 
     
When derivatives are entered into to hedge risks, and such derivatives meet all hedging requirements, their designation is documented at the beginning of the hedging transaction, describing the transaction’s objective, characteristics, accounting treatment and how the ineffectiveness of the instrument will be measured.
 
     
Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedges for accounting purposes are recognized as follows: (1) for fair value hedges, changes in both the derivative instrument and the hedged item are recognized in current earnings; (2) for cash flow hedges, changes in the derivative instrument are temporarily recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and then reclassified to current earnings when affected by the hedged item. Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value is immediately recognized in current earnings, within total comprehensive financing result, regardless of whether the derivative instrument is designated as a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge.
 
     
The Company uses interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts and different natural gas derivative instruments to manage its exposure to these market risks. The Company formally documents all hedging relationships, including their objectives and risk management strategies to carry out derivative transactions.
 
     
While certain derivative financial instruments are contracted for hedging from an economic point of view, they are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes because they do not meet all of the requirements and are instead classified as held-for-trading for accounting purposes. Changes in fair value of such derivative instruments are recognized in current earnings as a component of total comprehensive financing result.
 
     
The Company reviews all contracts entered into to identify embedded derivatives that should be segregated from the host contract for purposes of valuation and recognition. When an embedded derivative is identified and the host contract has not been stated at fair value and adequate elements for its valuation exist, the embedded derivative is segregated from the host contract, stated at fair value and classified as trading or designated as a financial instrument for hedging. Initial valuation and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives at the closing of each period are recognized in current earnings.
 
  f.  
Inventories and cost of sales — Inventories are stated at the lower of replacement cost using the latest purchase price method without exceeding net realizable value. Cost of sales is restated using replacement cost or the latest production cost at the time of the sale.

 

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  g.  
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment — Expenditures for land, buildings, machinery and equipment, including renewals and improvements that extend useful lives, are capitalized and restated using the NCPI. The initial balance to apply the NCPI was the net replacement value of the Company’s long-lived asset as of December 31, 1996. For machinery and equipment purchased in a foreign country, the restatement is based on the inflation index mentioned above and the exchange rate at the end of each period.
 
     
Beginning on January 1, 2007, the carrying value of qualifying assets includes the capitalization of total comprehensive financing result.
 
     
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation begins in the month in which the asset is placed in service. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
     
    Years
Buildings
  20 to 50
Machinery and equipment
  5 to 30
     
Maintenance and repair expenses are recorded as costs and expenses in the period incurred.
 
  h.  
Impairment of long-lived assets in use — The Company reviews the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in use when an impairment indicator suggests that such amounts might not be recoverable, considering the greater of the present value of future net cash flows or the net sales price upon disposal. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amounts exceed the greater of the amounts mentioned above. The impairment indicators considered for these purposes are, among others, the operating losses or negative cash flows in the period if they are combined with a history or projection of losses, depreciation and amortization charged to results, which in percentage terms in relation to revenues are substantially higher than that of previous years, obsolescence, reduction in the demand for the products manufactured, competition and other legal and economic factors.
 
  i.  
Provisions — Provisions are recognized for current obligations that result from a past event, are probable to result in the use of economic resources, and can be reasonably estimated.
 
  j.  
Goodwill — Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition. It is restated using the NCPI and at least once a year is subject to impairment tests.
 
  k.  
Employee retirement obligations — Seniority premiums, pension plans and severance payments are recognized as costs over the expected service period of employees and are calculated by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method at net discount rates. Accordingly, the liability is being accrued which, at present value, will cover the obligation from benefits projected to the estimated retirement date of the Company’s employees.

 

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  l.  
Foreign currency balances and transactions for Mexican subsidiaries — Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Mexican pesos at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Exchange fluctuations are recorded as a component of net comprehensive financing result in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
  m.  
Revenue recognition — Revenues and related costs are recognized in the period in which risks and rewards of ownership of the inventories are transferred to customers, which generally coincide with the shipment of products to customers in satisfaction of orders.
 
  n.  
Statutory employee profit sharing (“PTU”) — Statutory employee profit sharing is recorded in the results of the year in which it is incurred and presented under other income and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Deferred PTU is derived from temporary differences between the accounting result and income for PTU purposes and is recognized only when it can be reasonably assumed that such difference will generate a liability or benefit, and there is no indication that circumstances will change in such a way that the liabilities will not be paid or benefits will not be realized.
 
  o.  
Income taxes — Income taxes are recorded in the results of the year in which they are incurred. Beginning October 2007, based on its financial projections, the Company must determine whether it will essentially incur income tax (“ISR”) or the new Business Flat Tax (“IETU”) and, accordingly, recognize deferred taxes based on the tax it will pay. Deferred taxes are calculated by applying the corresponding tax rate to the applicable temporary differences resulting from comparing the accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and including, if any, future benefits from tax loss carryforwards and certain tax credits. Deferred tax assets are recorded only when there is a high probability of recovery.
 
     
Tax on assets (“IMPAC”) paid that is expected to be recoverable is recorded as an advance payment of ISR and is presented in the consolidated balance sheet increasing the deferred ISR asset.
 
  p.  
Foreign subsidiaries as economic hedges — The Company’s management designated some of its foreign subsidiaries as economic hedges. The resulting exchange rate fluctuation is presented in the shortfall in restatement of capital within stockholders’ equity to the extent the net investment in the foreign subsidiary covers the debt. The result from monetary position is measured using inflation factors from the designated subsidiary’s country of origin. The effect related to this charge to the results of operations for 2005, 2006 and 2007 was a (credit) charge of Ps. (53), Ps. 7 and Ps. 5, respectively.

 

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4  
Trade receivables
  a.  
Trade receivables are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and other discounts of Ps. 182 and Ps. 237 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
  b.  
Sales of receivables - Vitro Cristalglass, S.L. (“Vitro Cristalglass“) a subsidiary of the Company, has entered into revolving factoring program agreements to sell trade accounts receivable with several financial institutions. In accordance with the terms of some of these agreements, the Company has the obligation to reimburse for uncollected receivables, in the case of non-payment of customers. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007 the maximum capacity available under these programs was US$ 35 million and US$ 45 million, respectively. As of such dates Vitro Cristalglass had sold approximately US$ 21 million and US$ 16 million of trade receivables, respectively.
 
  c.  
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had restricted cash of Ps. 9. The amount represents the collateral held with Vitro Cistalglass in its loan with Banco Pastor in Spain. Restricted cash is included in other current receivables.
 
  d.  
Securitization of trade receivables:
   
Securitization of the Viméxico (formerly Vitro Plan) accounts receivables - On August 22, 2005, Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V. and Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., subsidiaries of Viméxico entered into an accounts receivable securitization agreement for five years, whereby they obtained approximately US$ 21.5 million. Viméxico’s subsidiaries held an agreement to sell all their accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, through a trust designed specifically for this transaction for the sole purpose of selling and buying accounts receivable, and was designed to be legally isolated. Such amounts were obtained through a private issuance of notes payable in the United States amounting to US$ 21.5 million bearing interest at 6.5%. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross accounts receivable transferred to the trust by the Company was Ps. 574 and Ps. 580, respectively, and are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the rights retained in the portfolio securitization as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 332 and Ps. 346, respectively.
 
   
During 2004, Vitro America, Inc. (“Vitro America”) closed a contract for selling all their accounts receivable, on a revolving basis, to VVP Funding, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro America. VVP Funding is a special-purpose entity that was formed prior to the execution of this agreement for the sole purpose of buying and selling accounts receivable and is designed to be bankruptcy remote. Vitro America and VVP Funding entered an agreement with an unrelated major financial institution whereby VVP Funding sells, on a revolving basis and subject to the maintenance of certain financial and receivables-based ratios, an undivided percentage ownership in all eligible accounts receivable, as defined, for consideration composed of cash up to a maximum amount of US$ 40 million and retained undivided interests in securitized receivables. The transfer of undivided ownership interests from VVP Funding to the unrelated major financial institution for cash consideration is accounted for as a sale of receivables. Effective April 16, 2007, the new agreement was signed and amended to increase the maximum selling amount from US$ 40 million to US$ 50 million. The agreement expires in April 2008 but is subject to annual renewal approval by the financial institution. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the gross receivables sold totaled approximately US$ 78 million and US$ 76 million, respectively and are reflected as a reduction of trade accounts receivable. The estimated fair value of the retained undivided interests in securitized receivables as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 was US$ 32 million and US$ 29 million, respectively.

 

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5  
Inventories
                 
    2006     2007  
 
Semi-finished and finished products
  Ps. 1,436     Ps. 1,228  
Raw materials
    460       494  
Packaging materials
    7       9  
 
           
 
    1,903       1,731  
Spare parts
    67       83  
Merchandise in transit
    66       170  
Refractory and other
    13       16  
 
           
 
               
 
  Ps. 2,049     Ps. 2,000  
 
           
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, inventories include obsolescence reserves of Ps. 46 and Ps. 38, respectively.
6  
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment
                 
    2006     2007  
Buildings
  Ps. 4,657     Ps. 4,833  
Accumulated depreciation
    (2,246 )     (2,608 )
 
           
 
    2,411       2,225  
Land
    443       433  
 
           
 
               
 
  Ps. 2,854     Ps. 2,658  
 
           
Machinery and equipment
  Ps. 9,215     Ps. 9,487  
Accumulated depreciation
    (6,472 )     (6,544 )
 
           
 
               
 
  Ps. 2,743     Ps. 2,943  
 
           
   
The Company reviewed the operating conditions of certain of its fixed assets and determined to extend their estimated remaining useful life, which resulted in a decrease in depreciation expense of Ps. 56 in 2007.
 
7  
Derivative financial instruments
  a)  
Derivative instruments entered into by Vitro Affiliates
 
     
Vitro Envases de Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V. (“Vena”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro, entered into an agreement with Calyon Corporate and Investment Bank (“Calyon”) to hedge their natural gas consumption needs and those of certain Vitro subsidiaries by means of a capped swap and exercised an option to receive advanced payments, which will be repaid to Calyon during 2008. Concurrently, Vena entered into a hedge contract with the Company subject to a mercantile commission agreement whereby the Company would be responsible for its related portion of the hedge contract with Calyon.
 
     
Vena entered into a hedge agreement with Credit Suisse First Boston (“CSFB”) to hedge their natural gas consumption needs and those of certain Vitro subsidiaries. Concurrently, Vena entered into a mercantile commission agreement whereby the Company would be responsible for its related portion of the hedge contract with CSFB.

 

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Vidriera Querétaro, S.A. de C.V. (“Viquesa”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro, entered into a hedge agreement with Pemex Gas and Petroquímica Básica (“Pemex”) to hedge their natural gas consumption needs and those of certain Vitro subsidiaries, by buying and selling options and swaps. Concurrently, Viquesa entered into a hedge contract with the Company subject to a mercantile commission agreement whereby the Company would be responsible for its related portion of the hedge contract with Pemex.
 
     
Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V. (“Covisa”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro, entered into a hedge agreement with Citibank, N.A. (“Citi”) to hedge their natural gas consumption needs and those of certain Vitro subsidiaries, by buying and selling complex derivative instruments and swaps. Concurrently, Covisa entered into a hedge contract with the Company subject to a mercantile commission agreement whereby the Company would be responsible for its related portion of the hedge contract with Citi.
 
     
Vitro Cristalglass, a Vitro subsidiary, entered into an agreement with Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V. (“COVISA”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Vitro, to hedge their risk of foreign exchange fluctuations by buying forwards exchange rate contracts.
 
     
The fair value of the derivative financial instruments entered into between the Company and the Vitro subsidiaries mentioned above was a liability of Ps. 70. The details of the derivative financial instruments are as follows:
                     
Derivative financial               Fair Value  
instruments Natural gas               Asset  
contracts:   Notional Amount   Period   (Liability)  
 
                   
Capped swap
  877,091 MMBTU   January to December 2008   Ps. (61 )
Swaps
  382,581 MMBTU   January to December 2008     1  
Options
  1,119,751 MMBTU   January to December 2008     2  
Exotic instruments
  1,959,562 MMBTU   January to December 2008     (3 )
 
                 
Total natural gas contracts
                (61 )
 
                 
 
                   
Foreign exchange forward:
                   
Foreign exchange forward
  10,000,000 Euros   January to December 2008     (9 )
 
                 
Total derivative financial instruments with affiliates   Ps. (70 )
 
                 
     
The Company recognized a loss of Ps. 31 related to its derivative instruments that expired during 2007, which was recognized in the comprehensive financing result.
 
  b)  
Embedded derivatives :
 
     
The Company identified embedded derivatives within certain of its supply contracts. As of December 31, 2007, the amount recognized for these instruments was an asset and a credit to total comprehensive financing result of Ps. 11.

 

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8  
Long-term debt
  a.  
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, short-term bank loans were denominated in US dollars. During 2007, the Company’s weighted average interest rate for short-term borrowings denominated in US dollars was 7.75%.
 
     
As disclosed in Note 8 c), on February 1, 2007, Vitro issued US$ 700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017 and US$ 300 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2012. Upon completion of this transaction, short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2006 Ps. 313 were refinanced and have therefore been reclassified as long-term debt.
 
  b.  
Long-term debt consists of the following:
                 
    2006     2007  
Payable in US dollars:
               
Unsecured debt, interest rate based on LIBOR plus 2.25%, principal payable through 2007.
  Ps. 313          
Capitalizable capital lease obligations with collateral and fixed interest rate of 10.749%, with the principal maturing in 2016.
    87     Ps. 78  
Unsecured note, interest payable at LIBOR plus 1.2%, principal payable in semiannual installments through 2007.
    1          
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on LIBOR plus .25%, principal payable through 2008.
    9          
Payable in Euros:
               
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus a spread between 0.75% and 2.5%, principal payable in various installments through 2010.
    37       63  
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus 1.5%, principal payable in various installments through 2009.
    6          
Unsecured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus 1.125%, principal payable in various installments through 2009.
    5          
Secured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus 8%, principal payable in various installments through 2008.
    11       3  
Secured debt, floating interest rate based on EURIBOR plus a spread between 1.25 and 1.10, principal payable in various installments through 2008.
    7       2  
Payable in Colombian pesos:
               
Unsecured debt payable in Colombian pesos with a rate DFT plus 6%, principal payable through 2011.
            8  
 
           
 
    476       154  
Less current maturities
    60       27  
 
           
 
  Ps. 416     Ps. 127  
 
           
As of December 31, 2007, the interest rates of EURIBOR, CETES, TIIE, DFT and LIBOR were 4.684%, 7.4669%, 7.9250%, 4.6788% and 9.15%, respectively.
The schedule of contractual principal payments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2007 is as follows:
         
Year ending December 31,   Total  
2009
  Ps. 19  
2010
    19  
2011
    19  
2012
    18  
2013 and thereafter
    52  
 
     
 
  Ps. 127  
 
     

 

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Collateral — Bank debt totaling Ps. 80 is secured by fixed assets with a book value of Ps. 158 as of December 31, 2007.
 
  c.  
Vitro debt issuance
 
     
On February 1, 2007 Vitro successfully closed an offering, of US$1.0 billion of senior guaranteed notes (the “Notes”) principally to refinance existing third-party debt at the Vitro holding company level, substantially all of the third-party debt at its subsidiary VENA and certain third-party debt at some of Viméxico’s subsidiaries.
 
     
The Notes were issued in two tranches: US$ 700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017, callable after year 2012, at a coupon of 9.125% and US$ 300 million of senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2012, non-callable for the notes’ life, at a coupon of 8.625%. The notes pay interest semiannually and are guaranteed by VENA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries 100% and by Viméxico and its wholly-owned subsidiaries 100%.
9  
Long-term notes payables to affiliates
 
   
As of December 31, 2007, notes payables to affiliates of Ps. 294 are payable in US dollars at a fixed annual interest rate between 10% and 11% and mature from 2008 to 2017.
 
10  
Employee retirement obligations
 
   
The disclosures relating to the Company’s pension plans, seniority premiums and severance payments required by Bulletin D-3 “Labor Obligations”, calculated as described in Note 3 k), together with certain actuarial assumptions utilized, are presented below as of December 31, 2006 and 2007:
                 
    2006     2007  
 
               
Accumulated benefit obligation
  Ps. 347     Ps. 513  
 
           
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 648     Ps. 673  
Plan assets at fair value
    (441 )     (517 )
 
           
Unfunded status
    207       156  
Unrecognized transition obligation
    (53 )     (34 )
Changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    (173 )     (119 )
Prior service costs and plan amendments
    (35 )     (81 )
 
           
 
               
Projected net asset
  Ps (54 )   Ps (78 )
 
           
 
               
Additional minimum liability adjustment
  Ps. 192     Ps. 117  
 
           
As of December 31, 2007, the plan assets presented above, included 15.8 million shares of Vitro.
                 
    2006     2007  
Assumptions:
               
Discount rate
    5.50 %     5.00 %
Expected rate of return on plan assets
    7.00 %     7.0 %
Rate of compensation increase
    0 %     0 %

 

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Net periodic cost:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Service cost
  Ps. 31     Ps. 19     Ps. 45  
Interest cost
    32       33       31  
Amortization of transition obligation
    19       20       10  
Amortization of prior service costs and plan amendments
    3       2       2  
Amortization of changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    13       82       16  
Actual return on plan assets
    (15 )     (17 )     (27 )
 
                 
 
                       
Net periodic cost (1)
  Ps. 83     Ps. 139     Ps. 77  
 
                 
     
(1)  
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 includes Ps. 13, Ps. 1 and Ps. 20, respectively, for the early extinguishment of retirement obligations and also includes Ps. 23, Ps. 78 and Ps. 23 for indemnification of personnel at the end of the work relationship, respectively.
The unrecognized items are being amortized over the average remaining service lives of the Company’s employees. The remaining amortization period of unrecognized items is as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Remaining amortization period of unrecognized items (in years):
               
Prior service costs and plan amendments
    14       19  
Transition obligation
    6       5  
Changes in assumptions and adjustments from experience
    15       16  
11  
Commitments and contingencies
  a.  
In October 2000, several subsidiaries of Viméxico, which have facilities throughout Monterrey, Mexico and the Mexico City area, entered into a 15-year energy purchase agreement for approximately 31 megawatts of electricity per year with Tractebel Energía de Monterrey, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Tractebel”).
 
  b.  
The Company has several non-cancelable operating lease agreements for the rent of warehouses and equipment. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was Ps. 308, Ps. 297 and Ps. 365, respectively.
 
     
Future minimum lease payments under these agreements are as follows:
         
Year   Amount  
2008
  Ps. 273  
2009
    228  
2010
    178  
2011
    142  
2012
    115  
2013 and thereafter
    132  
  c.  
The Company is not a party to, and none of its assets are subject to, any pending legal proceedings, nor is the Company subject to any contingent liabilities, other than as described in Note e) below. The Company believes that the legal proceedings and contingent liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business and against which the Company is adequately insured or indemnified are not material in the aggregate.
 
  d.  
Call/Put on shares of Vitro Cristalglass — A group of individual investors owns a 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass. The Company has the option of purchasing the 40% minority interest, which can be exercised beginning May 1, 2005 for fair value as calculated by independent appraisers and cannot be less than 28.9 million euros (US$ 42.4 million as of December 31, 2007). Additionally, the minority interest has a put option pursuant to which they may require the Company to purchase all or part of their 40% interest in Vitro Cristalglass, which can be exercised beginning on May 1, 2003 for 28.4 million euros (US$ 41.8 million as of December 31, 2007), as adjusted to reflect inflation in Spain from 2003 through the time the put is exercised. As of December 31, 2007, the estimated fair value of the 40% interest is higher than the option price held by Viméxico (previously “Vitro Plan”).

 

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  e.  
At a general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting of Vitro Plan held in December 2006, the merger into Vitro’s subsidiary Viméxico was approved. Notwithstanding that this merger has become fully effective, since all approvals were granted and the corresponding filings were made, Pilkington (the Company’s minority shareholder), who voted against such merger, has filed a lawsuit against Viméxico.
 
     
In February 2008, Viméxico was notified of a ruling issued by the First District Court on Civil and Labor Matters that the lawsuit brought by Pilkington seeking to annul the resolutions adopted at the general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting was unfounded. In its ruling, the Court determined that all resolutions adopted at the general extraordinary shareholders’ meeting were valid. Despite this ruling, Pilkington has appealed this decision. Based on advice from its Mexican special litigation counsel, management continues to believe that this lawsuit is without merit and expects to obtain another favorable ruling.
12  
Foreign currency operations and balances
 
   
As of December 31, 2007, the assets and liabilities of the Company denominated in foreign currency consist of the following:
                 
    US dollars     Mexican pesos  
Monetary assets
  US$ 124     Ps. 1,348  
Inventories
    7       75  
Fixed assets
    121       1,318  
Monetary liabilities
    204       2,220  
Foreign currency operations of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2007, consisted of the following:
                 
    US dollars     Mexican pesos  
Exports
  US$ 237     Ps. 2,590  
Imports
    61       671  
Interest expense, net
    4       45  
The condensed financial information of the principal foreign subsidiaries of the Company as of December 31, 2007 expressed in pesos, consisted of the following:
                         
    United States     Central America     Europe  
 
                       
Net sales
  Ps. 5,482     Ps. 422     Ps. 2,434  
Operating income
    70       31       314  
Total assets
    1,582       427       2,636  
Total liabilities
    912       158       1,111  
Capital expenditure
    107       17       108  

 

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The exchange rates of the Mexican peso against the US dollar and the Euro, used for purposes of the Company’s consolidated financial statements at the following dates were:
                 
    US dollar     Euro  
December 31, 2005
  Ps. 10.6344     Ps. 12.5932  
December 31, 2006
    10.8116       14.2680  
December 31, 2007
    10.8662       15.9526  
On March 14, 2008, the exchange rate was Ps.10.7735 pesos per US dollar and Ps. 16.7711 pesos per Euro.
13  
Stockholders’ equity
  a.  
The fixed portion of the Company’s capital stock is represented by 1,503,510,000 series “A” ordinary, nominative, fully paid and issued common shares, without par value.
 
  b.  
At the ordinary shareholders’ meeting held on October 31, 2006, Vitro made a capital contribution by capitalizing a loan owed to it by the Company and received 1,454,490,000 Series “A” shares, amounting to Ps. 1,526 (Ps.1,454 nominal) or US$ 135 million dollars.
 
  c.  
Retained earnings include the statutory legal reserve. Mexican General Corporate Law requires that at least 5% of net income of the year be transferred to the legal reserve until the reserve equals 20% of capital stock at par value (historical pesos). The legal reserve may be capitalized but may not be distributed unless the entity is dissolved. The legal reserve must be replenished if it is reduced for any reason. As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, the legal reserve, in historical pesos was Ps. 25.
 
  d.  
Stockholders’ equity, except restated paid-in capital and tax retained earnings, will be subject to income tax at the rate in effect when a dividend is distributed. Any tax paid on such distribution may be credited against annual and estimated income taxes of the year in which the tax on dividends is paid and the following two fiscal years.
 
     
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the majority interest stockholders’ equity tax account corresponding to the contributed capital account and the net consolidated tax income account was Ps. 2,024 and Ps. 1,923, respectively.
 
  e.  
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries consists of the following:
                 
    2006     2007  
Capital stock
  Ps. 140     Ps. 147  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
    21       314  
Retained earnings
    1,089       951  
Net income
    188       182  
 
           
 
  Ps. 1,438     Ps. 1,594  
 
           
14  
Other expenses net
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Restructuring charges
  Ps. 105     Ps. 13     Ps. 9  
Impairment of long-lived assets
    181       334       91  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
    69       131       (55 )
Gain from sale of subsidiaries
            (100 )        
Statutory employee profit sharing
    25       26       24  
Other
    71       46       22  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 451     Ps. 450     Ps. 91  
 
                 

 

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15  
Tax loss carryforwards
 
   
As of December 31, 2007, tax loss carryforwards consist of the following:
         
Expiration Year   Amount  
2010
  Ps. 49  
2011
    19  
2012
    40  
2013
    4  
2014
    206  
2015
    2  
2016
    7  
2017
    144  
 
     
 
       
 
  Ps. 471  
 
     
16  
Income and asset taxes
  a.  
The Company is subject to ISR, and through 2007, to IMPAC on an individual basis. ISR is computed taking into consideration the taxable and deductible effects of inflation, such as depreciation calculated on restated asset values. Taxable income is increased or reduced by the effects of inflation on certain monetary assets and liabilities through the inflationary component, which is similar to the gain or loss from monetary position. As of 2007, the tax rate is 28% and in 2006 it was 29% and 30% in 2005. For ISR purposes, effective in 2005, cost of sales is deducted instead of inventory purchases. Beginning in 2006 PTU is deductible when paid.
 
     
In 2007, IMPAC was calculated by applying 1.25% to the value of the assets of the year, without deducting any debt amounts. Through 2006, IMPAC was calculated by applying 1.8% on the net average of the majority of restated assets less certain liabilities, including liabilities payable to banks and foreign entities. IMPAC is payable only to the extent that it exceeded ISR payable for the same period.
 
     
On October 1, 2007, the IETU was enacted and went into effect on January 1, 2008. IETU applies to the sale of goods, the provision of independent services and the granting of use or enjoyment of goods, according to the terms of the IETU law, less certain authorized deductions. The IETU payable is calculated by subtracting certain tax credits from the tax determined. Revenues, as well as deductions and certain tax credits, are determined based on cash flows generated beginning January 1, 2008. The IETU law establishes that the IETU rate will be 16.5% in 2008, 17.0% in 2009, and 17.5% in 2010 and subsequently. In addition, as opposed to ISR which allows for fiscal consolidation, companies that expect to incur IETU must file individual returns.
 
     
Based on its financial projections, the Company estimates that it will pay only ISR in the future. Therefore, the enactment of IETU did not have any effects on its consolidated financial information, since it only recognizes deferred ISR.

 

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  b.  
The income and asset tax expense (benefit) included in the Company’s results are:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Current income tax
  Ps. 154     Ps. 172     Ps. 208  
Deferred income tax
    (913 )     (257 )     (104 )
 
                 
 
    (759 )     (85 )     104  
Asset tax
    10       8       48  
 
                 
 
                       
 
  Ps. (749 )   Ps. (77 )   Ps. 152  
 
                 
     
To determine deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Company applied the different tax rates that will be in effect to the temporary differences according to their estimated dates of reversal.
  c.  
Net deferred tax assets presented in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following
                 
    2006     2007  
 
               
Assets:
               
Allowance for doubtful accounts
  Ps. 32     Ps. 25  
Reserve for employee retirement obligation
    86       53  
Tax loss carryforwards
    168       165  
Asset tax credit carryforwards
    27       1  
Derivate financial instruments
    14       18  
Intangible asset
    541       491  
Other
    119       100  
 
           
 
    987       853  
 
           
Liabilities:
               
Fixed assets
    486       283  
Other
    24          
 
           
 
    510       283  
 
           
Net deferred tax asset
  Ps. 477     Ps. 570  
 
           
Deferred tax liabilities of foreign subsidiaries
  Ps. 89     Ps. 76  
 
           
  d.  
Following is a reconciliation between the Company’s effective income tax rate and the statutory rate:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Effective income tax rate
    234 %     12 %     61 %
Asset tax included as income tax
    3             (21 )
Intangible asset
    (204 )     1       (17 )
Effect of reduction in statutory rate on deferred ISR
    (1 )     8        
Foreign subsidiaries
    6       4       17  
Investment subsidy
                    (4 )
Other
    (8 )     4       (8 )
 
                 
 
                       
Statutory income tax rate
    30 %     29 %     28 %
 
                 

 

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  e.  
Changes in stockholders’ equity for shortfall in restatement of capital and the minimum labor liability adjustment are presented net of the deferred tax effect as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Shortfall in restatement of capital
  Ps. (42 )   Ps. 97     Ps. 98  
Minimum labor liability adjustment
    4       (5 )     (24 )
 
                 
 
                       
 
  Ps. (38 )   Ps. 92     Ps. 74  
 
                 
17  
Business dispositions and acquisitions
  a)  
Sale of Química M, S.A. de C.V. (“Química M”) — On March 2, 2006, the Company sold its 51% interest in Química M, to Solutia Inc. for US$20 million in cash. Solutia is now the sole owner of this Mexican operation which was formed in 1995. Química M was a joint venture between Vitro Plan and Solutia and is located near the city of Puebla, Mexico. Química M is engaged in the production of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) interlayer, which is used by major glass producers such as Vitro to make laminated glass for use in automobiles and buildings. .
  b)  
Visteon Corporation’s retirement from Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V. (“Vitro Flex”) — On September 29, 2006, Viméxico and Visteon Inc. (“Visteon”) ended their joint venture agreement in Vitro Flex through a reimbursement and cancellation of Visteon’s capital investment. Viméxico is now the sole owner of Vitro Flex. Vitro Flex was a joint venture formed in 1979 with Fairlane Holdings (“Fairlane”), a Visteon affiliate. Vitro Flex primarily manufactures tempered and laminated glass for use in Ford vehicles. Fairlane will receive US$9.4 million for the 38% stake in Vitro Flex. An initial payment of US$2 million was made on September 29, 2006, which will be followed by four annual payments of US$1.85 million, starting on September 30, 2007. The transaction is being funded by Vitro Flex with cash from operations. The difference between the transaction value and the book value result in a credit of Ps 70, recorded in majority stockholders’ equity. Vitro Flex together with Vitro Automotriz (“VAU”) will now directly manage their relationship with Ford and will serve all Vitro’s automotive customers. Under the prior structure, contractual restrictions limited Vitro Flex’s ability to use excess capacity for non-Ford units.
  c)  
Acquisition of 55% of the shares of PVA — On August 29, 2007, Vitro VyC a subsidiary of Viméxico, acquired 55% of the outstanding shares of PVA, a company dedicated to the installation of value added crystal products for Ps 110. As a result of the preliminary purchase price allocation, the Company recorded goodwill of Ps. 85.
  d)  
Acquisition of 50% of the shares of Vitro AFG — On July 3, 2007, Viméxico exercised its option to acquire the remaining 50% of the outstanding shares of Vitro AFG from its joint venture partner AFG Industries, a subsidiary of Asahi Glass Co. Limited (a Japanese company) to assume control and increase its ownership to 100%. The transaction closed on July 24, 2007 with Vitro paying AFG Industries US$6 million in cash and subsequently changing Vitro AFG’s legal name to Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.
 
     
Vitro AFG, which is located in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, was formed in November 2003 as a 50/50 joint venture between Vitro and AFG Industries, with the closing of this transaction, Viméxico terminated the joint venture and became the sole owner of this entity, whose primary operations include the manufacture, processing and distribution of flat glass, thereby increasing Vitro’s available production capacity by 78,000 tons.
     
In accordance with NIF B-7, “Business Acquisitions”, the acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company recognized an impairment charge of Ps 91 related to the termination of the joint venture.

 

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18  
Transactions and balances with related parties
   
The main transactions and balances with affiliated companies not shown separately in the financial statements are as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Trade receivables
  Ps. 41     Ps. 21     Ps. 5  
Other receivables
    234       126       191  
Trade payables
    13       10       33  
Net sales
    2       1       14  
Cost of sales
    124       139       95  
Operating expenses
    238       231       200  
Interest income
    5       46        
Exchange loss (gain)
    (12 )     2       (6 )
Interest expense
    306       454       325  
Other (income) expenses, net
    (6 )     (26 )     80  
19  
New accounting principles
 
   
In 2007, the Mexican Board for Research and Development of Financial Information Standards (“CINIF”) issued the following NIFs and Interpretations of Financial Reporting Standards (“INIF”), which became effective for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2008:
   
NIF B-2, Statement of Cash Flows.
 
   
NIF B-10, Effects of Inflation.
 
   
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies.
 
   
NIF D-3, Employee Benefits.
 
   
NIF D-4, Income Taxes
 
   
INIF 5, Recognition of the Additional Consideration Agreed to at the Inception of a Derivative Financial Instrument to Adjust It to Fair Value.
 
   
INIF 6, Timing of Formal Hedge Designation.
 
   
INIF 7, Application of Comprehensive Income or Loss Resulting From a Cash Flow Hedge on a Forecasted Purchase of a Non-Financial Asset.

 

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Some of the significant changes established by these standards are as follows:
   
NIF B-2, “Statement of Cash Flows”. This NIF establishes general rules for the presentation, structure and preparation of a cash flow statement, as well as the disclosures supplementing such statement, which replaces the statement of changes in financial position. NIF B-2 requires that the statement show a company’s cash inflows and outflows during the period. Line items should be preferably presented gross. Cash flows from financing activities are now presented below those from investing activities (a departure from the statement of changes in financial position). In addition, NIF B-2 allows entities to determine and present their cash flows from operating activities using either the direct or the indirect method.
   
NIF B-10, “Effects of Inflation”. CINIF defines two economic environments: a) inflationary environment, when cumulative inflation of the three preceding years is 26% or more, in which case, the effects of inflation should be recognized using the comprehensive method; and b) non-inflationary environment, when cumulative inflation of the three preceding years is less than 26%, in which case, no inflationary effects should be recognized in the financial statements. Additionally, NIF B-10 eliminates the replacement cost and specific indexation methods for inventories and fixed assets, respectively, and requires that the cumulative gain or loss from holding non-monetary assets be reclassified to retained earnings, if such gain or loss is realized; the gain or loss that is not realized will be maintained in stockholders’ equity and charged to current earnings of the period in which the originating item is realized.
   
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies. NIF B-15 eliminates classification of integrated foreign operations and foreign entities and incorporates the concepts of accounting currency, functional currency and reporting currency. NIF B-15 establishes the procedures to translate the financial information of a foreign subsidiary: i) from the accounting to the functional currency; and ii) from the functional to the reporting currency, and allows entities to present their financial statements in a reporting currency other than their functional currency.
   
NIF D-3, “Employee Benefits”. This NIF include current and deferred PTU. Deferred PTU should be calculated using the same methodology established in NIF D-4. It also includes the career salary concept and the amortization period of most items is reduced to five years, as explained below:
     
The following unrecognized items will be amortized over a 5-year period, or less, if employees’ remaining labor life is less than 5 years:
   
The beginning balance of transition obligation for severance and retirement benefits.
 
   
The beginning balance of prior service cost and plan amendments.
 
   
The beginning balance of gains and losses from seniority premiums and pension benefits should be amortized over a 5-year period (net of the transition obligation), with the option to fully amortize such item against the results of 2008.
 
   
The beginning balance of gains and losses from severance benefits should be amortized against the results of 2008.
   
NIF D-4, “Income Taxes”. This NIF relocates accounting for current and deferred PTU to NIF D-3, eliminates the permanent difference concept, redefines and incorporates various definitions and requires that the cumulative ISR effect be reclassified to retained earnings, unless it is identified with some of the other comprehensive income items that have not been applied against current earnings.
   
INIF 5, “Recognition of the Additional Consideration Agreed to at the Inception of a Derivative Financial Instrument to Adjust It to Fair Value”. INIF 5 states that any additional consideration agreed to at the inception of a derivative financial instrument to adjust it to its fair value at that time should be part of the instrument’s initial fair value and not subject to amortization as established by paragraph 90 of Bulletin C-10. INIF 5 also establishes that the effect of the change should be prospectively recognized, affecting results of the period in which this INIF becomes effective. If the effect of the change is material, it should be disclosed.

 

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INIF 6, “Timing of Formal Hedge Designation”. INIF 6 states that hedge designations may be made as of the date a derivative financial instrument is contracted, or at a later date, provided its effects are prospectively recognized as of the date when formal conditions are met and the instrument qualifies as a hedging relationship. Paragraph 51a) of Bulletin C-10 only considered the hedge designation at the inception of the transaction.
   
INIF 7, “Application of Comprehensive Income or Loss Resulting From a Cash Flow Hedge on a Forecasted Purchase of a Non-Financial Asset”. INIF 7 states that the effect of a hedge reflected in other comprehensive income or loss resulting from a forecasted purchase of a non-financial asset should be capitalized within the cost of such asset, whose price is set through a hedge, rather than reclassifying the effect to the results of the period affected by the asset, as required by Paragraph 105 of Bulletin C-10. The effect of this change should be recognized by applying any amounts recorded in other comprehensive income or loss to the cost of the acquired asset, as of the effective date of this INIF.
   
At the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has not fully assessed the effects of adopting these new standards on its financial information.
20  
Authorization of financial statements issuance
 
   
On February 29, 2008 the issuance of the consolidated financial statements was authorized by:
 
   
Ing. Hugo A. Lara García
Chief Executive Officer
 
   
Ing. Jorge Mario Guzmán Guzmán
Chief Financial Officer
   
These consolidated financial statements are subject to approval at the ordinary stockholders’ meeting, who may modify the financial statements, based on provisions set forth by the Mexican General Corporate Law.
21  
Differences between Mexican Financial Reporting Standards and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
 
   
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differ in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements include the effects of inflation as provided for under Bulletin B-10, (see note 3 b), whereas financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP are presented on a historical basis. However, the following reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not include the reversal of the adjustments required under Bulletin B-10, permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The application of Bulletin B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes.

 

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As mentioned in Note 19, NIF B-10, is effective January 1, 2008. NIF B-10 revised the accounting for inflation such that the inflation accounting methods summarized in note 3 b) will no longer apply unless the economic environment in Mexico qualifies as “inflationary” for purposes of Mexican FRS. Given the cumulative inflation in Mexico for the three years ended December 31, 2007, the Mexican economic environment will not qualify as inflationary in 2008, thereby eliminating inflationary accounting in the Company’s consolidated Mexican FRS financial statements. This will result in the elimination of certain reconciling items between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP in 2008 and thereafter as discussed in inserts (d) and (g) below.
 
   
The other differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP and the effect on consolidated net income (loss) and consolidated stockholders’ equity are presented below:
                         
    Year ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Net majority income (loss) reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 112     Ps. (774 )   Ps. (86 )
 
                 
 
                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see a)
    2               3  
Deferred income taxes (see b)
    (387 )     (182 )     (37 )
Deferred workers’ profit sharing (see c)
    (16 )     (15 )        
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing (see d)
    (2 )     13       17  
Capitalization of interest (see e)
    18       9        
Amortization of capitalized interest (see e)
    (6 )     (8 )     (4 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see g)
    (70 )     (68 )     (21 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see h)
    (7 )     4          
Derivative financial instruments (see i)
    188              
Employee retirement obligations (see j)
    8       11       (7 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see k)
          1       5  
Impairment of long—lived assets (see l)
    65       379       (10 )
 
                 
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (207 )     144       (54 )
 
                 
Net (loss) under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (95 )   Ps. (630 )   Ps. (140 )
 
                 

 

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    Year ended December 31,  
    2006     2007  
 
               
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 5,954     Ps. 6,047  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS (See a)
    (1,438 )     (1,594 )
 
           
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    4,516       4,453  
 
           
 
               
US GAAP adjustments:
               
 
               
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest (see a)
    (51 )     (49 )
Deferred income taxes (see b)
    (510 )     (541 )
Capitalization of interest (see e)
    43       42  
Accumulated amortization of capitalized interest (see e)
    (19 )     (22 )
Goodwill (see f)
    125       124  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10 (see g)
    20       (18 )
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15 (see h)
    (119 )        
Effect of SFAS No. 158 (see j)
    (131 )     (163 )
Employee retirement obligations (see j)
    (31 )     (38 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment (see k)
    (71 )     (67 )
Impairment of long—lived assets (see l)
    399       390
 
           
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (345 )     (342 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 4,171     Ps. 4,111  
 
           
  a)  
Minority interest
 
     
Under Mexican FRS, minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries is presented as a separate component within the stockholders’ equity section in the consolidated balance sheet. For U.S. GAAP purposes, minority interest is not included in stockholders’ equity and is presented below total liabilities and above the stockholders’ equity section in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
     
As discussed in insert (o) SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51”, will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. SFAS No. 160 modifies the presentation of minority interest in the balance sheet and statement of income similar to that of Mexican FRS, for which reason the Company anticipates that this difference will no longer be applicable beginning January 1, 2009.
  b)  
Deferred income taxes
 
     
Under Mexican FRS as required by Bulletin D-4, “Accounting for Income Tax, Tax on Assets and Employee Statutory Profit Sharing,” income taxes are charged to results as they are incurred and the Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, measured using enacted rates. The effects of changes in the statutory rates are accounted for in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carryforwards and asset tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is highly probable that sufficient future taxable income will be generated to recover such deferred tax assets.

 

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Under U.S. GAAP, as required by SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, the Company recognizes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, measured using enacted rates. The effects of changes in the statutory rates are accounted for in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carryforwards and asset tax credit carryforwards.
 
     
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income, projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible and tax planning strategies that would be taken to prevent an operating loss or tax credit carryforward from expiring unused, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowance at December 31, 2007.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company recognizes deferred taxes each period for the changes in the taxable portions of its distributable stockholders’ equity. The Company’s policy is to compare the deferred tax balance that would be required if all of the stockholders’ equity were distributed. This amount is compared to the total deferred tax balance recorded prior to this adjustment. The difference between the amount recorded and the amount calculated from the stockholders’ equity taxable accounts is recorded as an adjustment to deferred taxes as of the balance sheet date.
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for the temporary difference that exists between the book basis and the tax basis of its foreign subsidiaries that legally own Vitro’s intellectual property at the applicable tax rate in the foreign jurisdiction based on the expected reversal date. For Mexican FRS purposes, the Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for the temporary difference that exists between the book basis and the tax basis at the applicable rate in Mexico, which is where it expects to recognize such benefits.
 
     
U.S. GAAP differences as described in the reconciliations above, to the extent taxable are reflected in the U.S. GAAP deferred tax balances.
 
     
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. FIN 48 provides detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 requires an entity to recognize the financial statement impact of a tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. If the tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the tax effect is recognized at the largest amount of the benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Any difference between the tax position taken in the tax return and the tax position recognized in the financial statements using the criteria above results in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the unrecognized benefit. Similarly, if a tax position fails to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit taken in the tax return will also result in the recognition of a liability in the financial statements for the full amount of the unrecognized benefit. FIN 48 became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 for public entities and their subsidiaries. The Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007, as required. The provisions of FIN 48 were applied to all tax positions under SFAS No. 109 upon initial adoption. The impact of adopting this interpretation was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

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It is the Company’s policy to classify interest and penalties related to income tax related matters within income tax expense and other expenses, respectively. The Company’s significant operations are all located in Mexico, the United States of America and Spain. The tax laws in these jurisdictions permit the respective tax authorities to examine previously filed tax returns for the following years:
         
Mexico   U.S.   Spain
2003-2007
  2003-2007   2004-2007
  c)  
Deferred workers’ profit sharing
 
     
In accordance with Mexican FRS the Company determines the provision for deferred workers’ profit sharing by applying the partial accrual method of Bulletin D-4 applicable to temporary differences between the financial and adjusted tax income that are expected to reverse within a defined period. For U.S. GAAP purposes the Company accrues for workers’ profit sharing based on a liability approach similar to accounting for income taxes under SFAS No. 109.
 
     
As discussed in note 21, NIF D-3, Employee Benefits, is effective beginning January 1, 2008, which will require companies to calculate deferred PTU using a similar balance sheet methodology similar to that required by U.S. GAAP.
  d)  
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers’ profit sharing
 
     
The monetary position result is determined by (i) applying the annual inflation factor to the net monetary position of the U.S. GAAP adjustments at the beginning of the period, plus (ii) the monetary position effect of such adjustments during the period, determined in accordance with the weighted average inflation factor.
 
     
As discussed in the introduction to this note as well as note 19, beginning January 1, 2008 with the issuance of NIF B-10, the Company expects that the basic financial statements under Mexican FRS will no longer include inflationary effects, for which reason, this reconciling item will no longer be applicable in the future.
  e)  
Capitalization of interest
 
     
Under Mexican FRS beginning January 1, 2007, the Company adopted NIF D-6, “Capitalization of Comprehensive Financing Result”, accordingly the capitalization of the comprehensive financing result (interest expense, foreign exchange results and monetary position result) generated by borrowings obtained to finance investment directly attributable to the acquisition of qualifying assets is mandatory. Prior to the adoption of NIF D-6, the Company did not capitalize the comprehensive financing result as it was optional.

 

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In accordance with SFAS No. 34, “Capitalization of Interest Cost”, if the comprehensive financing result is incurred during the construction of qualifying assets, capitalization is required as part of the cost of such assets. Accordingly, until December 31, 2006 a reconciling item for the capitalization of a portion of the comprehensive financing result was included in the U.S. GAAP reconciliation of the majority net income and majority stockholder’s equity. The amortization expense and related accumulated amortization of such items generates a difference compared to Mexican FRS.
 
     
Beginning on January 1, 2007, a reconciling item is generated for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, related to foreign exchange results and the monetary position result, which is capitalized under Mexican FRS and not for U.S. GAAP. If the borrowings are denominated in Mexican pesos, the amount of interest to be capitalized as noted above is reduced by the gain on monetary position associated with the debt.
 
  f)  
Goodwill
 
     
Under Mexican FRS, until December 31, 2004 goodwill represented the excess of cost over book value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition and was restated using the NCPI and amortized using the straight-line method over 20 years. Beginning on January 1, 2005, goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of subsidiaries as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill is restated using the NCPI and at least once a year is subject to impairment test, as it ceased to be amortized under the provisions of Bulletin B-7
 
     
In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles Assets”, beginning in 2002 goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are also no longer subject to amortization, but rather are subject at least once a year to impairment tests.
 
     
The difference between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as it relates to this item is due to the accumulate amortization of goodwill recorded under Mexican FRS that has been reversed in the reconciliation of stockholders’ equity for purposes of U.S. GAAP.
 
  g)  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
 
     
As discussed in note 3 g), under Mexican FRS Bulletin B-10 allows the restatement of the value of machinery and equipment purchased in a foreign country using the consumer price index of the country of origin and the period-end exchange rate. For U.S. GAAP purposes, such restatement is based on the NCPI.
 
     
As discussed in the introduction to this note as well as Note 19, beginning January 1, 2008 with the issuance of NIF B-10, the Company expects that the basic financial statements under Mexican FRS will no longer include inflationary effects, for which reason, this reconciling item will no longer be applicable in the future. Further, even during inflationary periods, the alternate methodology described above has been eliminated by NIF B-10.

 

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  h)  
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15
 
     
In 1997, the IMCP issued Bulletin B-15, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Operations”, which specifies the procedures to be applied in the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries by Mexican companies for (i) current year amounts and (ii) prior year amounts, presented for comparative purposes. The Company’s accounting policies for the consolidation of its foreign subsidiaries are described in notes 2 c) and 3 b). Such policies conform to the requirements of Bulletin B-15.
 
     
The Company believes that the application of the methodology of Bulletin B-15 to translate the current year amounts for foreign operations does not result in a difference between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP that must be reconciled in order to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC.
 
     
However, there are two methods allowed under Bulletin B-15 to restate prior year amounts for foreign subsidiaries. Vitro uses the method that reconsolidates prior year balances by restating foreign subsidiaries using the current inflation rate in the foreign country and translating into pesos using the year-end exchange rate. Management believes that this methodology of Bulletin B-15 used to restate prior years balances for comparative purposes does not conform to the requirements of SEC Rule 3-20e of Regulation S-X, which requires all amounts in financial statements to be presented in the same reporting currency. Accordingly, in filings with the SEC, the Company includes an adjustment for the difference in methodologies of restating prior year balances.
 
  i)  
Derivative financial instruments
 
     
As of January 1, 2005, in accordance with Mexican FRS, as mentioned in note 3 a), the Company values and records all derivative instruments and hedging activities according to Bulletin C-10 “ Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities”, which establishes similar accounting treatment as described in SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. Prior to the implementation of Bulletin C-10, financial instruments entered into for hedging purposes were valued using the same valuation criteria of the underlying assets or liabilities hedged, and the effect of such valuation was recognized in net income, net of costs, expenses or income from the assets or liabilities whose risks were being hedged.
 
     
The Company determined that the accounting for derivative financial instruments is the same for Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to their consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. The effects of the initial application of Bulletin C-10 were already reflected in the U.S. GAAP financial statements for 2004. Therefore, the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle is reconciled out of the amounts presented in the U.S. GAAP income statement for 2005.

 

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  j)  
Employee retirement obligations
 
     
The Company maintains defined benefit pension plans for all of its subsidiaries and provides for seniority premiums and severance payments (severance indemnities) for all of its Mexican subsidiaries. For its Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements, the Company applies Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations”. Prior to 2006, the accounting treatment for pensions and seniority premiums set forth in this Bulletin is substantially the same as those set forth in SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”. The Company records the pension cost determined by actuarial computations, as described in notes 3 k) and 10. Significant assumptions (weighted-average rates) used in determining net periodic pension cost and the Company’s related pension obligations for 2007, 2006 and 2005 are also described in note 10.
 
     
The Company adopted SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)”, in its December 31, 2006 consolidated financial statements. This statement requires companies to (1) fully recognize, as an asset or liability, the over funded or under funded status of defined pension and other postretirement benefit plans; (2) recognize changes in the funded status through other comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur; and (3) provide enhanced disclosures. There is no impact on results of operations or cash flows. Retrospective application of this standard is not permitted.
 
     
The Company has prepared a study of pension costs under U.S. GAAP based on actuarial calculations using the same assumptions applied under Mexican FRS (see note 3 k). Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 158, there was no difference in the liabilities for pension plans and seniority premiums between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP.
 
     
Severance indemnities — Under Mexican FRS, effective 2005 revised Bulletin D-3 requires the recognition of a severance indemnity liability calculated based on actuarial computations. Similar recognition criteria under U.S. GAAP are established in SFAS No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits”, which requires that a liability for certain termination benefits provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement such as these statutorily mandated severance indemnities, be recognized when the likelihood of future settlement is probable and the liability can be reasonably estimated. Mexican FRS allows for the Company to amortize the transition obligation related to the adoption of revised Bulletin D-3 over the expected service life of the employees. However, U.S. GAAP required the Company to recognize such effect upon initial adoption, which results in a difference in the amount recorded under the two accounting principles.
 
  k)  
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
 
     
In connection with the termination of the joint venture agreement between Viméxico and Visteon discussed in note 17 b), under Mexican FRS as established in Bulletin B-7 “Business Acquisitions”, the Company recognized the difference between the price paid and the book value of Ps 70 as a credit in the majority stockholders’ equity. Under U.S. GAAP, in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” the excess over cost of Ps 90 was allocated as a pro rata reduction of the acquired assets.

 

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  l)  
Impairment of long-lived assets
 
     
For U.S. GAAP purposes, in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable when the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Impairment charges and asset write-downs are presented in selling, general and administrative expenses in operating income in our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements.
 
     
For Mexican FRS purposes, in accordance with Bulletin C-15, “Impairment of long-lived assets”, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of long-lived assets in use when an impairment indicator suggests that such amounts might not be recoverable, considering the greater of the present value of future net cash flows or the net sales price upon disposal. Impairment is recorded when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the greater of the amounts mentioned above. Impairment charges and asset write-downs are presented in other expenses in our Mexican FRS consolidated financial statements.
 
     
In 2005 and 2006, for Mexican FRS purposes, while performing its annual impairment test using its best estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections, the Company recorded an impairment charge of Ps 111 and Ps 334, respectively as the carrying amount of the long-lived assets exceeded the present value of their future discounted cash flows. For U.S. GAAP purposes no impairment charge was recorded as the assets were considered to be recoverable given that the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets were greater then the carrying value of the asset.
 
     
In 2005 for U.S. GAAP purposes, based on fair value appraisals received the Company recorded an impairment charge of Ps 45 for land and buildings located at its corporate offices classified as available for sale in accordance with SFAS No. 144. This charge is recorded in operating income for U.S. GAAP purposes. Under Mexican FRS, the assets did not meet the definition of held for sale as required by Bulletin C-15 as such assets were still in use by the Company at that time. The discounted cash flow analysis performed by the Company did not result in an impairment charge for Mexican FRS purposes. During 2006 the Company sold one of its buildings located at its corporate headquarters recognizing a loss on sale of Ps 138 under Mexican FRS and Ps 93 under U.S. GAAP.
 
  m)  
Reclassifications
 
     
Gain or loss on sale of assets — The gain or loss on sale of assets that do not meet the definition of a component of a business as described in SFAS No. 144 are included in operating income in the Company’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements. Gains or losses on sales of assets not presented as discontinued operations under Mexican FRS are included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated Mexican FRS financial statements (see note 14).
 
     
Classification of workers’ profit sharing — Under Mexican FRS, statutory employee profit sharing is presented under other income and expenses. In the Company’s U.S. GAAP statements of operations, workers’ profit sharing expense is classified as an operating expense.
 
     
Restructuring charges — During 2006 and 2007, the Company restructured certain operating units and its corporate and administrative functions. For Mexican FRS purposes the corresponding costs met the definition of a restructuring charge and were included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, but for U.S. GAAP purposes the Company applied SFAS No. 112, “Employers’ Accounting for Postemployment Benefits”. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying U.S. GAAP consolidated statements of operations.

 

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  n)  
Supplemental U.S. GAAP Cash Flow Information
 
     
The classifications of cash flows under Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP are basically the same in respect of the transactions presented under each caption. The nature of the differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP in the amounts reported is primarily due to (i) the elimination of inflationary effects in the variations of monetary assets and liabilities arising from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding monetary position result in operating activities, (ii) the elimination of exchange rate fluctuations resulting from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss included in operating activities, and (iii) the recognition in operating, financing and investing activities of the U.S. GAAP adjustments.
 
     
The following table summarizes the cash flow items as required under SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows”, provided by (used in) operating, financing and investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, giving effect to the U.S. GAAP adjustments, excluding the effects of inflation required by Bulletin B-10 and Bulletin B-15. The following information is presented, in millions of pesos, on a historical peso basis and it is not presented in pesos of constant purchasing power:
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  Ps. 615     Ps. (293 )   Ps. 549  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    33       (142 )     (7 )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    (525 )     308       (505 )
     
Net cash flow from operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
 
                       
Interest paid
  Ps. 535     Ps. 658     Ps. 373  
Income taxes paid
    104       151       204  
  o)  
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
 
     
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”. SFAS No. 159 gives the Company the irrevocable option to carry most financial assets and liabilities at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. If the fair value option is elected, changes in fair value would be recorded in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company’s 2008 fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this statement could have on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

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In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurement”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for the measurement of fair value, and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. The Statement does not require any new fair value measures. The Statement is effective for fair value measures already required or permitted by other standards for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is required to adopt SFAS No. 157 beginning on January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 157 is required to be applied prospectively, except for certain financial instruments. Any transition adjustment will be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption. On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-1 and FSP FAS 157-2, which remove leasing transactions accounted for under SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases” from the scope of SFAS No. 157 and partially defer the effective date of SFAS No. 157 as it relates all nonrecurring fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its results of operations and financial position.
 
     
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations—a replacement of FASB No. 141”. SFAS No. 141(R) requires (a) a company to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at fair value as of the acquisition date; and (b) an acquirer in preacquisition periods to expense all acquisition-related costs. SFAS No. 141(R) requires that any adjustments to an acquired entity’s deferred tax asset and liability balance that occur after the measurement period be recorded as a component of income tax expense. The presentation and disclosure requirements must be applied retrospectively to provide comparability in the financial statements. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of this standard is dependant upon the level of future acquisitions.
 
     
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 (a) amends ARB 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (to be included within stockholders’ equity) and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary; (b) changes the way the consolidated income statement is presented; (c) establishes a single method of accounting for changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation; (d) requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated; and (e) requires expanded disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent’s owners and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 must be applied prospectively but to apply the presentation and disclosure requirements must be applied retrospectively to provide comparability in the financial statements. Early adoption is prohibited. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact of this standard is dependant upon the level of future acquisitions.

 

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In September 2006, the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements”. EITF 06-4 provides guidance on the accounting for arrangements in which an employer owns and controls the insurance policy and has agreed to share a portion of the cash surrender value and/or death benefit with the employee. This guidance requires an employer to record a postretirement benefit, in accordance with FASB Statement No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions”, or APB Opinion No. 12, “Omnibus Opinion-1967”, if there is an agreement by the employer to share a portion of the proceeds of a life insurance policy with the employee during the postretirement period. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2007. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact of adopting EITF 06-4 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations; however, the Company currently expects that additional liabilities may be required to be recognized upon implementation of the consensus based on the current terms of certain life insurance arrangements with executive officers of the Company.
22.  
Guarantor and non-guarantor financial information (Information for Viméxico)
 
   
As disclosed in note 8 c), the Vitro issued US$ 700 million of senior guaranteed notes due February 1, 2017 callable after year 2012 at a coupon of a 9.125% and US$ 300 million of senior unsecured notes due February 1, 2012 not callable for the notes ´ life at a coupon of 8.65% (together the “Notes”) principally to refinance existing third-party debt at the Vitro holding company level, substantially all of the third-party debt at its subsidiary VENA and certain third-party debt at its subsidiary Viméxico.
 
   
The obligations of the Vitro pursuant to each series of the Notes, including any repurchase obligation resulting from a change of control, are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, by VENA and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and Viméxico and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
 
   
The following of Viméxico’s subsidiaries are designated as guarantors as of December 31, 2007; Viméxico, Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flex, S.A. de C.V, Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Distribuidor Vidriero Lan, S.A. de C.V., Vitrocar, S.A. de C.V., Cristales Inastillables de México, S.A. de C.V., Vidrio Plano de México, S.A. de C.V., VVP Holdings Corp., VVP Autoglass, Inc., Vitro America, Inc., Super Sky Products, Inc., Super Sky International, Inc., VVP Finance Corp., Super Sky Constructors, Inc., Vitro Colombia, S.A., VVP Europa Holdings, B.V., Vidrio y Cristal del Noroeste, S.A de C.V., Vidrio Plano, S.A. de C.V., Distribuidora de Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., and Vidrio Plano de Mexicali, S.A. de C.V.
 
   
The following condensed consolidating financial information includes separate columnar information for:
   
Viméxico (the holding company),
 
   
Viméxico’s combined wholly-owned guarantors , and
 
   
Viméxico’s combined non-guarantors.
 
     
Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by Viméxico under the equity method for purpose of the supplemental consolidating information. The principal elimination entries eliminate the Viméxico’s investment in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions.

 

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  a)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheets presented in accordance with Mexican FRS
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Cash, trade receivables and other current assets
  Ps. 3,233     Ps. 741     Ps. 1,576     Ps. (4,460 )   Ps. 1,090  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
          693                   693  
 
                                       
Inventories, net
          1,675       380       (6 )     2,049  
 
                             
 
                                       
Current assets
    3,233       3,109       1,956       (4,466 )     3,832  
 
                             
 
                                       
Investments in subsidiaries
    3,621       535             (4,156 )      
 
                                       
Property plant and equipment, net
          4,795       963             5,758  
 
                                       
Deferred taxes
    64       300       113             477  
Other assets
    31       774       692       (418 )     1,079  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term assets
    3,716       6,404       1,768       (4,574 )     7,314  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total assets
  Ps. 6,949     Ps. 9,513     Ps. 3,724     Ps. (9,040 )   Ps. 11,146  
 
                             
 
                                       
Short-term borrowings
  Ps.     Ps. 72     Ps. 191     Ps.     Ps. 263  
Trade payables
          667       317       (7 )     977  
 
                                       
Tax liabilities
    18       347       83       (105 )     343  
 
                                       
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    2,415       4,523       537       (4,741 )     2,734  
 
                             
 
                                       
Current liabilities
    2,433       5,609       1,128       (4,853 )     4,317  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term debt
          391       25             416  
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations and other long-term liabilities
          129       528       (198 )     459  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term liabilities
          520       553       (198 )     875  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total liabilities
    2,433       6,129       1,681       (5,051 )     5,192  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total majority interest
    4,516       3,384       2,043       (5,427 )     4,516  
 
                                       
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
                      1,438       1,438  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,516       3,384       2,043       (3,989 )     5,954  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 6,949     Ps. 9,513     Ps. 3,724     Ps. (9,040 )   Ps. 11,146  
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Cash, trade receivables and other current assets
  Ps. 1,947     Ps. 2,143     Ps. 1,818     Ps. (4,606 )   Ps. 1,302  
Retained undivided interests in securitized receivables
          656                   656  
 
                                       
Inventories, net
          1,529       471             2,000  
 
                             
 
                                       
Current assets
    1,947       4,328       2,289       (4,606 )     3,958  
 
                             
 
                                       
Investments in subsidiaries
    3,607       684             (4,291 )      
Property plant and equipment, net
          5,125       651       1       5,777  
Deferred taxes
    37       447       47       39       570  
Other assets
    30       1,048       726       (441 )     1,363  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term assets
    3,674       7,304       1,424       (4,692 )     7,710  
 
                             
 
                                     
 
                                       
Total assets
  Ps. 5,621     Ps. 11,632     Ps. 3,713     Ps. (9,298 )   Ps. 11,668  
 
                             
 
                                       
Short-term borrowings
  Ps.     Ps. 51     Ps. 230     Ps.     Ps. 281  
Trade payables
          799       486       (64 )     1,221  
 
                                       
Tax liabilities
    29       1,084       93       (815 )     391  
 
                                       
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    1,139       5,544       172       (3,862 )     2,993  
 
                             
 
                                       
Current liabilities
    1,168       7,478       981       (4,741 )     4,886  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term debt
          79       48             127  
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations and other long-term liabilities
          466       408       (266 )     608  
 
                             
 
                                       
Long-term liabilities
          545       456       (266 )     735  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total liabilities
    1,168       8,023       1,437       (5,007 )     5,621  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total majority interest
    4,453       3,609       2,276       (5,885 )     4,453  
 
                                       
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
                      1,594       1,594  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,453       3,609       2,276       (4,291 )     6,047  
 
                             
 
                                       
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 5,621     Ps. 11,632     Ps. 3,713     Ps. (9,298 )   Ps. 11,668  
 
                             

 

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b)    Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of operations presented in accordance with Mexican FRS
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2005   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. 156     Ps. 11,347     Ps. 3,168     Ps. (967 )   Ps. 13,704  
 
                                       
Cost of sales
          8,350       2,374       (762 )     9,962  
 
                                       
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    9       2,722       486       11       3,228  
 
                                       
Total financing cost
    52       241       25       65       383  
 
                                       
Other expenses, net
    4       360       85       2       451  
 
                                       
Income and asset tax benefit
    (30 )     (707 )     (11 )     (1 )     (749 )
 
                             
Net income before change in accounting principle
    121       381       209       (282 )     429  
 
                                       
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax
    (9 )     (121 )     (1 )     (1 )     (132 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net income for the year
    112       260       208       (283 )     297  
 
                                       
Net minority income
                      185       185  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net majority income (loss)
  Ps. 112     Ps. 260     Ps. 208     Ps. (468 )   Ps. 112  
 
                             
                                         
            Combined                    
            Wholly-     Combined     Adjustments        
            Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. (699 )   Ps. 11,208     Ps. 2,788     Ps. 165     Ps. 13,462  
Cost of sales
          8,453       1,926       (420 )     9,959  
 
                                       
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    10       2,625       483       (33 )     3,085  
 
                                       
Total financing cost
    121       575       54       (119 )     631  
 
                                       
Other (income) expenses, net
    (102 )     524       28             450  
 
                                       
Income and asset tax expense(benefit)
    46       (176 )     52       1       (77 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net (loss) income for the year
    (774 )     (793 )     245       736       (586 )
 
                                       
Net minority income
                      188       188  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net majority (loss) income
  Ps. (774 )   Ps. (793 )   Ps. 245     Ps. 548     Ps. (774 )
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net sales and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
  Ps. 164     Ps. 11,123     Ps. 2,962     Ps. (644 )   Ps. 13,605  
Cost of sales
          7,957       1,946       (325 )     9,578  
 
                                       
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    6       2,724       545       (30 )     3,245  
 
                                       
Total financing cost
    187       431       91       (266 )     443  
 
                                       
Other expenses (income), net
    1       74       17       (1 )     91  
 
                                       
Income tax expense (benefit)
    56       23       73             152  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net (loss) income for the year
    (86 )     (86 )     290       (22 )     96  
 
                                       
Net minority income
                      182       182  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net majority (loss) income
  Ps. (86 )   Ps. (86 )   Ps. 290     Ps. (204 )   Ps. (86 )
 
                             

 

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  c)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of changes in financial position presented in accordance with Mexican FRS
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments          
            Wholly- Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2005   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Operating Activities:
                                       
Net income before change in accounting principle
  Ps. 112     Ps. 381     Ps. 210     Ps. (274 )   Ps. 429  
 
Depreciation and amortization
    1       523       144             668  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
          32       51             83  
 
                                       
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    21       1       (1 )           21  
 
                                       
Write-off and loss from sale of assets
    9       157       54             220  
 
                                       
Other non-cash charges
    (175 )     (1,159 )     (67 )     333       (1,068 )
 
                                       
Increase in inventories
          (247 )     (19 )           (266 )
 
                                       
Change in other current assets and liabilities
    (7 )     653       (23 )     48       671  
Employee retirement obligations
          (33 )     (25 )           (58 )
 
                             
Net resources (used in) generated by operating activities
    (39 )     308       324       107       700  
 
                             
Financing Activities:
                                       
 
                                       
Bank loans, net
    (298 )     (431 )     83             (646 )
Other financing activities
    (34 )     399       (144 )     404       625  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net resources (used in) generated by financing activities
    (332 )     (39 )     (61 )     404       (21 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Investing Activities:
                                       
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
          (424 )     (44 )           (468 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
          30       1             31  
Restricted cash
          1                   1  
Other investing activities
    371       165       (125 )     (511 )     (100 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net resources generated (used in) investing activities
    371       (228 )     (168 )     (511 )     (536 )
 
                             
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
          48       95             143  
 
                                       
Balance at beginning of year
          143       37             180  
 
                             
 
                                       
Balance at end of year
  Ps.     Ps. 191     Ps. 137     Ps.     Ps. 323  
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Operating Activities:
                                       
 
                                       
Net (loss) income
  Ps. (774 )   Ps. (793 )   Ps. 254     Ps. 727     Ps. (586 )
Depreciation and amortization
    1       487       110             598  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
          80       58             138  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
    34       4       (1 )           37  
Write-off and loss from sale of assets
          477       (12 )           465  
Other non-cash charges
    822       (444 )     22       (784 )     (384 )
Decrease in inventories
          420       47       (16 )     451  
Change in other current assets and liabilities
    (35 )     (724 )     (227 )     171       (815 )
Employee retirement obligations
          (101 )     (87 )           (188 )
 
                             
Net resources generated by (used in) operating activities
    48       (594 )     164       98       (284 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Financing Activities:
                                   
Bank loans, net
    (1,428 )     (653 )     (133 )           (2,214 )
Issuance of capital stock
    1,526                         1,526  
Other financing activities
    181       728       (159 )     (281 )     469  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net resources generated by (used in) financing activities
    279       75       (292 )     (281 )     (219 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Investing Activities:
                                       
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
          (265 )     (65 )           (330 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
          170       169             339  
Restricted cash
          279       2             281  
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries and associated companies
    219             3       (45 )     177  
Other investing activities
    (546 )     267       (66 )     228       (117 )
 
                             
Net resources (used in) generated by investing activities
    (327 )     451       43       183       350  
 
                             
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
          (68 )     (85 )           (153 )
 
                                       
Balance at beginning of year
          191       132             323  
 
                             
 
                                       
Balance at end of year
  Ps.     Ps. 123     Ps. 47     Ps.     Ps. 170  
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments          
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Operating Activities:
                                       
Net (loss) income
  Ps. (86 )   Ps. (86 )   Ps. 290     Ps. (22 )   Ps. 96  
Depreciation and amortization
    2       374       104               480  
Provision for employee retirement obligations
          45       12             57  
Amortization of debt issuance costs
          4                   4  
Impairment of long-lived assets
                91             91  
Loss (gain) from sale of long-lived assets
          (55 )                 (55 )
Derivative financial instruments
          27       9       (7 )     29  
Deferred taxes
    21       (122 )     (3 )           (104 )
Other non-cash activities
    102       (106 )           24       20  
(Increase) decrease in trade receivables
    2       (80 )     (271 )     155       (194 )
Decrease in inventories
          138       (157 )           (19 )
(Decrease) increase in trade payables
          96       186       (59 )     223  
Change in other current assets and liabilities
    12       235       (62 )     (80 )     105  
Employee retirement obligations
          (100 )     (1 )           (101 )
 
                             
Net resources generated by operating activities
    53       370       198       11       632  
 
                                       
Financing Activities:
                                       
Bank loans, net
          (331 )     61             (270 )
Debt issuance cost
          (7 )     (2 )           (9 )
Dividends paid to minority interest
                (67 )     16       (51 )
Other financing activities
    (1,265 )     403       (54 )     1,177       261  
 
                             
Net resources (used in) generated by financing activities
    (1,265 )     65       (62 )     1,193       (69 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Investing Activities:
                                       
Investments in land, buildings, machinery and equipment
          (216 )     (108 )             (324 )
Proceeds from sale of land, machinery and equipment
          131                   131  
Restricted cash
                (9 )           (9 )
Investment in subsidiaries
    (67 )     (114 )                 (181 )
Deferred charges
          (175 )     (31 )           (206 )
Other investing activities
    1,279       (37 )     11       (1,204 )     49  
 
                             
Net resources generated (used in) by investing activities
    1,212       (411 )     (137 )     (1,204 )     (540 )
 
                             
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
          24       (1 )           23  
Balance at beginning of year
          123       47             170  
 
                             
Balance at end of year
  Ps.     Ps. 147     Ps. 46     Ps.     Ps. 193  
 
                             

 

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Table of Contents

  d)  
Supplemental condensed consolidating financial information reconciled from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP:
The Company’s reconciliation from Mexican FRS to U.S. GAAP does not eliminate the effects of inflation as it represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes.
The other differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP and the effects on consolidated net income (loss) and consolidated stockholders’ equity as it relates to the Company’s guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries are presented below:
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments          
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and          
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
Net income of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 112     Ps. 260     Ps. 208     Ps. (468 )   Ps. 112  
 
                             
 
                                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                       
 
                                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest
                      2       2  
 
                                       
Deferred income taxes
    (6 )     (381 )                 (387 )
 
                                       
Deferred workers’ profit sharing
          9       (25 )           (16 )
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing
          (1 )     (1 )           (2 )
 
                                       
Capitalization of interest
          15       3             18  
 
                                       
Amortization of capitalized interest
          (6 )                 (6 )
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
          (63 )     (7 )           (70 )
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15
    (8 )           (3 )     4       (7 )
 
                                       
Derivative financial instruments
    15       173                   188  
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations
          6       2             8  
 
                                       
Impairment of long-lived assets
          65                   65  
 
                                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    (208 )                 208        
 
                             
 
                                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (207 )     (183 )     (31 )     214       (207 )
 
                             
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (95 )   Ps. 77     Ps. 177     Ps. (254 )   Ps. (95 )
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net (loss) income of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. (774 )   Ps. (793 )   Ps. 245     Ps. 548     Ps. (774 )
 
                             
 
                                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                       
 
                                       
Deferred income taxes
    (119 )     (63 )                 (182 )
 
                                       
Deferred workers’ profit sharing
          (6 )     (9 )           (15 )
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing
          13                   13  
 
                                       
Capitalization of interest
          8       1             9  
 
                                       
Amortization of capitalized interest
          (7 )     (1 )           (8 )
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
          (62 )     (6 )           (68 )
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15
    3       4       (2 )     (1 )     4  
Employee retirement obligations
          6       5             11  
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
    1                         1  
 
                                       
Impairment of long—lived assets
          379                   379  
 
                                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    259                   (259 )      
 
                             
 
                                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    144       271       (12 )     (260 )     144  
 
                             
 
                                       
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (630 )   Ps. (521 )   Ps. 234     Ps. 288     Ps. (630 )
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
For the year ended December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net (loss) income of majority interest as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. (86 )   Ps. (86 )   Ps. 290     Ps. (204 )   Ps. (86 )
 
                             
 
                                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                       
 
                                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest
                          3       3  
 
                                       
Deferred income taxes
    (103 )     63       3             (37 )
Monetary position result on deferred income taxes and deferred workers profit sharing
    5       14       (2 )           17  
 
                                       
Amortization of capitalized interest
          (4 )                   (4 )
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
          (15 )     (6 )           (21 )
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations
          (4 )     (3 )           (7 )
 
                                       
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
    5                         5  
 
                                       
Impairment of long—lived assets
            (10 )                 (10 )
 
                                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    39                   (39 )      
 
                             
 
                                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (54 )     44       (8 )     (36 )     (54 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Net (loss) income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (140 )   Ps. (42 )   Ps. 282     Ps. (240 )   Ps. (140 )
 
                             

 

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            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 4,516     Ps. 3,384     Ps. 2,043     Ps. (3,989 )   Ps. 5,954  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
                      (1,438 )     (1,438 )
 
                             
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    4,516       3,384       2,043       (5,427 )     4,516  
 
                             
 
                                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                       
 
                                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest
                      (51 )     (51 )
 
                                       
Deferred income taxes
    (162 )     (390 )     42             (510 )
 
                                       
Capitalization of interest
          39       4             43  
Accumulated amortization of capitalized interest
          (17 )     (2 )           (19 )
 
                                       
Goodwill
          5       120             125  
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
          11       9             20  
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-15
    (118 )             (1 )             (119 )
 
                                       
Effect of adoption of SFAS No. 158
          (76 )     (55 )           (131 )
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations
          (24 )     (7 )           (31 )
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
    (71 )                       (71 )
 
                                       
Impairment of long—lived assets
          399                   399  
 
                                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    6                   (6 )      
 
                             
 
                                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (345 )     (53 )     110       (57 )     (345 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 4,171     Ps. 3,331     Ps. 2,153     Ps. (5,484 )   Ps. 4,171  
 
                             

 

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            Combined                    
            Wholly-     Combined     Adjustments        
            Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 4,453     Ps. 3,609     Ps. 2,276     Ps. (4,291 )   Ps. 6,047  
Less minority interest included as stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
                      (1,594 )     (1,594 )
 
                             
Majority stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
    4,453       3,609       2,276       (5,885 )     4,453  
 
                             
 
                                       
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                                       
 
                                       
Effect of the adjustments below on minority interest
                      (49 )     (49 )
 
                                       
Deferred income taxes
    (259 )     (292 )     10             (541 )
 
                                       
Capitalization of interest
          38       4             42  
Accumulated amortization of capitalized interest
          (20 )     (2 )           (22 )
 
                                       
Goodwill
          5       119             124  
 
                                       
Effect of applying Bulletin B-10
          (23 )     5             (18 )
 
                                       
Effect of SFAS No. 158
          (130 )     (33 )           (163 )
 
                                       
Employee retirement obligations
          (28 )     (10 )           (38 )
 
                                       
Purchase of Visteon’s capital investment
    (67 )                       (67 )
 
                                       
Impairment of long—lived assets
          390                   390  
 
                                       
Investment in subsidiaries
    (16 )                 16        
 
                             
 
                                       
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (342 )     (60 )     93       (33 )     (342 )
 
                             
 
                                       
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 4,111     Ps. 3,549     Ps. 2,369     Ps. (5,918 )   Ps. 4,111  
 
                             

 

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e) Supplemental U.S. GAAP Cash Flow Information
The classifications of cash flows under Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP are basically the same in respect of the transactions presented under each caption. The nature of the differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP in the amounts reported is primarily due to (i) the elimination of inflationary effects in the variations of monetary assets and liabilities arising from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding monetary position result in operating activities, (ii) the elimination of exchange rate fluctuations resulting from financing and investing activities, against the corresponding unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss included in operating activities, and (iii) the recognition in operating, financing and investing activities of the U.S. GAAP adjustments.
The following table summarizes the cash flow items as required under SFAS No. 95 provided by (used in) operating, financing and investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, giving effect to the U.S. GAAP adjustments, excluding the effects of inflation required by Bulletin B-10 and Bulletin B-15. The following information is presented, in millions of pesos, on a historical peso basis and it is not presented in pesos of constant purchasing power
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2005   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
  Ps. (74 )   Ps. (71 )   Ps. 322     Ps. 438     Ps. 615  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (215 )     441       (75 )     (118 )     33  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    289       (327 )     (169 )     (318 )     (525 )
Net cash flows from operating activities reflect cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2005   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
                                       
Interest paid
  Ps. 116     Ps. 421     Ps. 69     Ps. (71 )   Ps. 535  
Income taxes paid
    (10 )     35       49       30       104  
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31 , 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  Ps. 23     Ps. (562 )   Ps. 137     Ps. 109     Ps. (293 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    369       56       (183 )     (384 )     (142 )
 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
    (393 )     448       (22 )     275       308  

 

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Net cash flows from operating activities reflect cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31 , 2006   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
Interest paid
  Ps. 100     Ps. 602     Ps. 72     Ps. (116 )   Ps. 658  
Income taxes paid
    (4 )     147       8             151  
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31 , 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  Ps. 6     Ps. 270     Ps. 229     Ps. 44     Ps. 549  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (1,193 )     225       (47 )     1,008       (7 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    1,188       (470 )     (171 )     (1,052 )     (505 )
Net cash flows from operating activities reflect cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                                         
            Combined     Combined     Adjustments        
            Wholly-Owned     Non-     and     Viméxico  
As of December 31, 2007   Viméxico     Guarantors     Guarantors     Eliminations     Consolidated  
 
Interest paid
  Ps. 244     Ps. 522     Ps. 69     Ps. (462 )   Ps. 373  
Income taxes paid
    16       174       14             204  

 

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Item 19.   Exhibits 
             
Exhibit No.   Description   Page
  1.01    
Amended and restated by-laws (estatutos sociales) of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., together with an English translation
  b
  2.01    
Form of Deposit Agreement among the Company, Nacional Financiera S.N.C., Citibank, N.A. and all registered holders from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt
  h
  2.02    
Trust Agreement dated November 28, 1990 between the Common Shares Trustee, as grantor, and the CPO Trustee (the “CPO Trust Agreement”), together with an English translation
  h
  2.03    
Public Deed dated November 29, 1990 (the “Public Deed”), together with an English translation
  h
  2.04    
Common Shares Trust Agreement
  h
  2.05    
CPO Trust Agreement and Public Deed
  h
  2.06    
Form of Certificado Bursátil
  f
  2.07    
Indenture dated as of October 22, 2003 (“2013 Indenture”) between Vitro, S.A. de C.V. and Wachovia Bank (including exhibits); including Form of 11.75% Senior Note due 2013
  e
  2.08    
Form of First Supplemental Indenture dated as of October 23, 2006 to the 2013 Indenture between Vitro, S.A. de C.V. and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  a
  2.09    
First Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of February 1, 2007 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  b
  2.10    
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of April 27, 2007 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  b
  2.11    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  +
  2.12    
Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  +
  2.13    
Trust Agreement between Banco Invex, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Invex Grupo Financiero, as issuer and trustee, Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V., and Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., dated August 3, 2005, in connection with the issuance of the 6.46% Preferred Notes
  c
  2.14    
Purchase Agreement between Banco Invex, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Invex Grupo Financiero, as issuer, Distribuidora Nacional de Vidrio, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Flotado Cubiertas, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Automotriz, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., and Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. “Rabobank International”, as purchaser, dated August 22, 2005, in connection to the sale of 6.46% Preferred Notes — Summary of the document in English attached
  c
  2.15    
Indenture dated as of February 1, 2007 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the Guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York as Trustee (“2012 Indenture”)
  b
  2.16    
Form of 8.625% Senior Note due 2012
  b

 

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Exhibit No.   Description   Page
  2.17    
First Supplemental Indenture to the 2012 Indenture dated as of April 27, 2007 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  b
  2.18    
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2012 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  +
  2.19    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2012 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  +
  2.20    
Indenture dated as of February 1, 2007 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the Guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York as Trustee (“2017 Indenture”)
  b
  2.21    
Form of 9.125% Senior Note due 2017
  b
  2.22    
First Supplemental Indenture to the 2017 Indenture dated as of April 27, 2007 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  b
  2.23    
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2017 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  +
  2.24    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2017 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  +
  4.01    
Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of May 7, 2004 among VVP Funding Corporation, Vitro America, Inc., Windmill Funding Corporation, ABN Amro Bank N.V. and Finacity Corporation
  e
  4.02    
Receivables Sales Agreement dated as of May 7, 2004 between Vitro America, Inc. and VVP Funding Corporation
  e
  4.03    
Second Amendment to Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of May 5, 2006, among VVP Funding Corporation, Vitro America, Inc., Windmill Funding Corporation and ABN Amro Bank N.V.
  e
  4.04    
Third Amendment to Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of April 16, 2007, among VVP Funding Corporation, Vitro America, Inc., Windmill Funding Corporation and ABN Amro Bank N.V.
  b
  4.05    
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of June 3, 2002 among Vitro, S.A. de C.V. Whirlpool Corporation and Whirlpool Holdings, Inc.
  f
  4.06    
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 23, 2004 among Vitro, S.A. de C.V., Vitro Envases Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V., Owens Corning and Owens Corning VF Holdings, Inc.
  e
  4.07    
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of September 25, 2004 among Rexam plc, Rexam Overseas Holding Limited and Vitro, S.A. de C.V.
  d
  4.08    
Trust Agreement dated as of March 23, 2005 among Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V., Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., ABN AMRO Bank (México), S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, División Fiduciaria and Banco Invex, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Invex Grupo Financiero; Assignment of Rights dated as of March 23, 2005 among Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A. de C.V., Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V. and ABN AMRO Bank (México), S.A. Institución de Banca Múltiple, Division Fiduciana; Certificados S ubordinados issued by ABN AMRO Bank (México), S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Division Fiduciaria, together with English summary.
  d
  4.09    
Guaranty dated as of March 31, 2005 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and of the holders of the Certificados S ubordinados
  d
  4.10    
Purchase Agreement dated as of March 31, 2005 among ABN AMRO Bank (México), S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, División Fiduciaria, Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industria del Álcali, S.A.de C.V., Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., and Coöperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. “Rabobank International”, New York Branch
  d

 

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Exhibit No.   Description   Page
  4.11    
Placement Agent Agreement dated as of March 29, 2005 among Compañía Vidriera, S.A. de C.V., Industría del Álcali, S.A. de C.V., Comercializadora Álcali, S. de R.L. de C.V., ABN AMRO Bank (México), S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, División Fiduciaria, and Banco Invex, S.A. Institución de Múltiple, Invex Grupo Financiero
  d
  4.12    
Letter of extension between Pilkington plc and Vitro Vidrio y Cristal, S.A. de C.V., dated April 24, 2006
  d
  4.13    
Stock Purchase Agreement of Vidrios Panameños S.A. between the Sellers listed therein and Empresas Comegua, S.A., dated April 4, 2006.
  c
  8.1    
List of subsidiaries of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
  +
  12.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  +
  12.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  +
  12.3    
Certification of the Chief Administrative Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  +
  13.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
  +
 
     
 +  
Filed herewith.
 
a  
Filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. on Form F-4 (File No. 333-135546) and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.’s annual report for the year ended December 31, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of Vicap, S.A. de C.V. on Form F-4 (File no. 333-9498) and incorporated herein by reference thereto.
 
 
Filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of Vitro, S.A. de C.V. on Form F-1 (File no. 33-43660) and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

 

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SIGNATURES
Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. and Viméxico, S.A. de C.V., hereby certify that they meet all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that they have duly caused and authorized each of the undersigned to sign this annual report on Form 20-F on their behalf.
Date: June 27, 2008
         
  VITRO, S.A.B. DE C.V.,
 
 
  by    /s/ Federico Sada González    
    Name:     Federico Sada González   
    Title:    President and Chief Executive Officer     
 
  by    /s/ Claudio Del Valle Cabello    
    Name:      Claudio Del Valle Cabello   
    Title:      Chief Administrative Officer     
         
  by    /s/ Enrique Osorio López    
    Name:       Enrique Osorio López   
    Title:       Chief Financial Officer   
 
  VIMÉXICO, S.A. DE C.V.,
 
 
  by    /s/ Claudio Del Valle Cabello    
    Name:      Claudio Del Valle Cabello   
    Title:      Chief Administrative Officer   

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
         
Exhibit No.   Description
  2.11    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  2.12    
Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the 2013 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 between Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association as successor trustee to Wachovia Bank, National Association
  2.18    
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2012 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  2.19    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2012 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  2.23    
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2017 Indenture dated as of January 16, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  2.24    
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2017 Indenture dated as of May 15, 2008 among Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V., the New Guarantors party thereto, the Existing Guarantors party thereto and the Bank of New York
  8.1    
List of subsidiaries of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.
  12.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  12.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  12.3    
Certification of the Chief Administrative Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  13.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.

 

118

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