-- safeguard the Group's ability to continue to meet stakeholders' expectations, in accordance with its corporate mission, vision and values.

The Group is subject to insurance solvency regulations in all the territories in which it issues insurance and investment contracts, and capital is managed and evaluated on the basis of regulatory capital.

In the UK, the Group and its UK regulated entities are required to comply with rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), and submit PRA returns detailing levels of regulatory capital held. Regulatory capital should be in excess of the higher of two amounts. The first is an amount which is calculated by applying fixed percentages to premiums and claims (general insurance business) or by applying fixed percentages to insurance liabilities and applying stress testing (long-term business). The second is an economic capital assessment by the regulated entity, which the PRA reviews and may amend by issuing Individual Capital Guidance. The Group sets internal capital standards above the PRA's minimum requirement. For overseas business the relevant capital requirement is the minimum requirement under the local regulatory regime. Both the Group and the regulated entities within it have complied with all externally imposed capital requirements throughout the current and prior year.

Regulated subsidiaries are restricted in the amount of cash dividends they transfer to the parent entity in order for them to meet their individual minimum capital requirements. The Group's total available capital resources are disclosed in note 27 (b) to the full financial statements.

 
 Segmental information 
 (a) Operating segments 
 The Group segments its business activities on the basis of differences in the products and 
 services offered and, for general insurance, the underwriting territory. This reflects the 
 management and internal Group reporting structure. Group activities that are not reportable 
 operating segments on the basis of size are included within an 'Other activities' category. 
 The activities of each operating segment are described below. 
 - General business 
     United Kingdom 
     The Group's principal general insurance business operation is in the UK, where it operates 
      under the Ecclesiastical and Ansvar brands. 
 
     Australia 
     The Group has a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia underwriting general insurance business 
      under the Ansvar brand. 
 
     Canada 
     The Group operates a general insurance Ecclesiastical branch in Canada. 
 
     Ireland 
     The Group operates an Ecclesiastical branch in the Republic of Ireland underwriting general 
      business across the whole of Ireland. 
 
     Central operations 
     This includes the Group's internal reinsurance function, corporate underwriting costs, adverse 
      development cover sold to ACS (NZ) Limited and operations that are in run-off or not reportable 
      due to their immateriality. 
 
 - Investment management 
     The Group provides investment management services both internally and to third parties through 
      Ecclesiastical Investment Management Limited. 
 
 - Broking and Advisory 
     The Group provides insurance broking through South Essex Insurance Brokers Limited and financial 
      advisory services through Ecclesiastical Financial Advisory Services Limited. 
 
 - Life business 
     Ecclesiastical Life Limited provides long-term insurance policies to support funeral planning 
      products. It is closed to new business. 
 
 - Other activities 
     This includes corporate costs relating to acquisition and disposal of businesses. 
 
 Inter-segment and inter-territory transfers or transactions are entered into under normal 
  commercial terms and conditions that would also be available to unrelated third parties. 
 

Segment revenue

The Group uses gross written premiums as the measure for turnover of the general and life insurance business segments. Turnover of the non-insurance segments comprises fees and commissions earned in relation to services provided by the Group to third parties. Segment revenues do not include net investment return or general business fee and commission income, which are reported within revenue in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

 
                                         2014                              2013 
                               Gross        Non-                 Gross        Non- 
                             written   insurance               written   insurance 
                            premiums    services      Total   premiums    services      Total 
                              GBP000      GBP000     GBP000     GBP000      GBP000     GBP000 
 General business 
   United Kingdom            234,000           -    234,000    291,338           -    291,338 
   Australia                  40,083           -     40,083     45,669           -     45,669 
   Canada                     39,365           -     39,365     41,172           -     41,172 
   Ireland                    11,528           -     11,528     13,606           -     13,606 
   Central operations          3,654           -      3,654        807           -        807 
                          ----------  ----------  ---------  ---------  ----------  --------- 
 Total                       328,630           -    328,630    392,592           -    392,592 
 Life business                   167           -        167      6,753           -      6,753 
 Investment management             -      12,045     12,045          -      10,535     10,535 
 Broking and Advisory              -       9,865      9,865          -       8,031      8,031 
                          ----------  ----------  ---------  ---------  ----------  --------- 
 Group revenue               328,797      21,910    350,707    399,345      18,566    417,911 
                          ----------  ----------  ---------  ---------  ----------  --------- 
 
 Group revenues are not materially concentrated on any single external customer. 
 

Segment result

General business segment results comprise the insurance underwriting profit or loss, investment activities and other expenses of each underwriting territory. The Group uses the industry standard net combined operating ratio (COR) as a measure of underwriting efficiency. The COR expresses the total of net claims costs, commission and underwriting expenses as a percentage of net earned premiums.

The life business segment result comprises the profit or loss on insurance contracts (including return on assets backing liabilities in the long-term fund), shareholder investment return and other expenses.

All other segment results consist of the profit or loss before tax measured in accordance with IFRS.

 
 2014                      Combined 
                          operating   Insurance   Investments    Other     Total 
                              ratio      GBP000        GBP000   GBP000    GBP000 
 General business 
   United Kingdom             94.1%       9,765        23,360       70    33,195 
   Australia                 106.2%     (1,129)         7,619    (139)     6,351 
   Canada                     94.2%       1,662         1,598        -     3,260 
   Ireland                    93.2%         594           288        -       882 
   Central operations                   (1,693)             -        -   (1,693) 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
                              95.9%       9,199        32,865     (69)    41,995 
 Life business                            (178)         1,522      (4)     1,340 
 Investment management                        -         3,164        -     3,164 
 Broking and Advisory                         -             -    2,071     2,071 
 Other activities                             -             -    (416)     (416) 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
 Profit before tax                        9,021        37,551    1,582    48,154 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
 
 
 2013                      Combined 
                          operating   Insurance   Investments    Other     Total 
                              ratio      GBP000        GBP000   GBP000    GBP000 
 General business 
   United Kingdom             95.3%       9,815        59,726    (114)    69,427 
   Australia                 114.8%     (4,182)         3,913      (2)     (271) 
   Canada                    104.0%     (1,142)         1,459        -       317 
   Ireland                   186.4%     (9,068)           385        -   (8,683) 
   Central operations                   (3,666)             -        -   (3,666) 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
                             102.9%     (8,243)        65,483    (116)    57,124 
 Life business                              367         6,627      (5)     6,989 
 Investment management                        -         1,728        -     1,728 
 Broking and Advisory                         -             -    1,689     1,689 
 Other activities                             -             -    (593)     (593) 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
 Profit before tax                      (7,876)        73,838      975    66,937 
                                     ----------  ------------  -------  -------- 
 

(b) Geographical information

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