MANAGING RISKS
Principal risks and emerging
risks
Investing, by its nature, carries
inherent risk. The Board, with the assistance of the investment
manager, carries out a robust assessment of the principal and
emerging risks and uncertainties facing the Company which could
threaten the business model and future performance, solvency and liquidity of the
portfolio. A matrix of these risks, along with the steps taken to
mitigate them, is maintained and kept under regular review. The
mitigating measures include a schedule of investment limits and
restrictions within which the Fund Manager must operate. We do not
believe these principal risks to have changed over the course of
the year.
Alongside the principal risks, the
Board considers emerging risks, which are defined as potential
trends, sudden events or changing risks which are characterised by
a high degree of uncertainty in terms of the probability of them
happening and the possible effects on the Company. Should an
emerging risk become sufficiently clear, it may be classified as a
principal risk.
Our assessment includes
consideration of the possibility of severe market disruption and
some of the areas which we reviewed over the course of the year are
outlined in the table below. The principal risks which have been
identified and the steps we have taken to mitigate these are set
out below:
· Investment and
strategy
An inappropriate investment
strategy, for example, in terms of asset allocation or level
of gearing, may result in underperformance against the companies in
the peer group, and in the Company's shares trading on a wider
discount.
Investments in Asian markets may be
impacted by political, market and financial events resulting in
changes to the market value of the Company's portfolio.
We manage these risks by ensuring a
diversification of investments and a regular review of the extent
of borrowings. The investment manager operates in accordance with
investment limits and restrictions determined by the Board, which
include limits on the extent to which borrowings may be employed.
We review compliance with limits and monitor performance at each
Board meeting.
The Fund Manager maintains a diverse
portfolio (sector and country) with buy/sell disciplines and
employs suitable quantitative and qualitative metrics, which
incorporate environmental, social and governance ('ESG')
considerations, for assessing stocks for inclusion or evaluating
those already held within the portfolio.
The Board reviews the Key
Performance Indicators ('KPI's), portfolio composition and levels
of gearing at each meeting.
The Board furthermore maintains an
understanding of the Fund Manager's investment process and
considers the potential for climate change to impact the value of
the portfolio, alongside other factors which may have the same
effect.
· Accounting, legal and
regulatory
The Company is regulated by the
Jersey Financial Services Commission, under
the Collective Investment Funds (Jersey) Law 1998,
and is required to comply with the Companies
(Jersey) Law 1991, the UK Listing Rules, Transparency Guidance and
Disclosure Rules and Prospectus Regulation Rules issued by the FCA
and the Listing Rules of the New Zealand Stock Exchange. To retain
investment trust status, the Company must comply with the
provisions of s.1158 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. A breach
of company law could result in the Company being subject to
criminal proceedings or financial and reputational damage. A breach
of the listing rules could result in the suspension of the
Company's shares. A breach of s.1158 could result in capital gains
realised within the portfolio being subject to corporation
tax.
The investment manager provides
investment management, company secretarial, administration and
accounting services through qualified professionals. We receive
quarterly internal control reports from the investment manager
which demonstrate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements
and assess the effectiveness of the internal control environment in
operation at the investment manager and our key third-party service
providers at least annually.
· Operational
Disruption to, or the failure of,
the investment manager's or the administrator's accounting,
dealing, or payment systems or the custodian's records
could prevent the accurate reporting or monitoring of the Company's
financial position.
The Company may be exposed to cyber
risk through vulnerabilities at one or more of its service
providers.
The Board engages reputable
third-party service providers and formally evaluates their
performance, and terms of appointment, at least
annually.
The Audit Committee assesses the
effectiveness of internal controls in place at the Company's key
third-party service providers through review of their reports on
the effectiveness of internal controls, quarterly internal control,
reports from the investment manager and monthly reporting on
compliance with the investment limits and restrictions established
by the Board.
· Financial
The financial risks faced by the
Company include market risk (comprising market price, currency risk
and interest rate risk), liquidity risk and credit
risk.
We determine the investment
parameters and monitor compliance with these at each meeting. We
review the portfolio liquidity at each meeting and periodically
consider the appropriateness of hedging the portfolio against
currency risk. The Company is denominated
in sterling, but receives dividends in a wide range of currencies
from the Asia Pacific region. The income received is
therefore subject to the impact of movements in exchange
rates. The portfolio remains unhedged.
The Board reviews the portfolio
valuation at each meeting.
Investment transactions are carried
out by a large number of approved brokers whose credit standard is
periodically reviewed and limits are set on the amount that may be
due from any one broker, cash is only held with the
depositary/custodian or reputable banks.
We review the broad structure of the
Company's capital including the need to buy back or allot ordinary
shares and the extent to which revenue in excess of that which is
required to be distributed, should be retained. Further detail on
how we mitigate these risks are set out in note 13 in the annual
report.
VIABILITY STATEMENT
In keeping with provisions of the
Code of Corporate Governance issued by the Association of
Investment Companies in 2019 (the 'AIC Code'), we have assessed the
prospects of the Company over a period longer than the 12 months
required by the going concern provision.
We consider the Company's viability
over a five-year period as we believe this is a reasonable
timeframe reflecting the longer-term investment horizon for the
portfolio, but which acknowledges the inherent shorter term
uncertainties in equity markets. As part of the assessment, we have
considered the Company's financial position, as well as its ability
to liquidate the portfolio and meet expenses as they fall due. The
following aspects formed part of our assessment:
● the Company's purpose
and investment approach which means we remain a medium to long term
investor;
● consideration of the
principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company (set out in
the table above) and determined that no significant issues had been
identified;
● the nature of the
portfolio which remained diverse comprising a wide range of stocks
which are traded on major international exchanges meaning that, in
normal market conditions, over 80% of the portfolio can be
liquidated in 2 to 7 days;
● the closed end nature
of the Company which does not need to account for
redemptions;
● the level of the
Company's revenue reserves and size of the banking facility;
and
● the expenses incurred
by the Company, which are predictable and modest in comparison with
the assets and the fact that there are no capital commitments
currently foreseen which would alter that position.
As well as considering the principal
risks and financial position of the Company, the Board has made the
following assumptions:
● an aging population will continue to seek income opportunities
through investing;
● investors will
continue to wish to have exposure to investing in the Asia Pacific
region;
● investors will
continue to invest in closed-end funds; and
● the Company will
continue to have access to adequate capital when
required.
Based on the results of the
viability assessment, we have a reasonable expectation that the
Company will be able to continue its operations and meet its
expenses and liabilities as they fall due for our assessment
period of five years. Forecasting over a longer period is imprecise
given investments are bought and sold regularly.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company's current related
parties are its directors and the investment manager. There have
been no material transactions between the Company and the directors
during the year, with the only amounts paid to them being in
respect of remuneration. In relation to the provision of services
by the investment manager, other than fees payable by the Company
in the ordinary course of business and the provision of marketing
services, there have been no material transactions with the
investment manager affecting the financial position of the Company
during the year under review. More details on transactions with the
investment manager, including amounts outstanding at the year end,
are given in note 19 in the annual report.
Directors' responsibility STATEMENTS
Each of the directors in office at
the date of this report confirms that, to the best of their
knowledge:
● the Company's financial statements, which have been prepared
in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union on a going
concern basis, give a true and fair view of the assets,
liabilities, financial position and profit of the Company;
and
● the annual report and
financial statements include a fair review of the development and
performance of the business and the position of the Company,
together with a description of the principal risks and
uncertainties that it faces.
For and on behalf of the
Board
Ronald Gould
Chairman
6 November 2024
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