Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

	or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from____to____

	Commission File No. 001-41461

AINOS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

texas

75-1974352

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

8880 Rio San Diego Drive, Ste. 800, San Diego, CA 92108 (858) 869-2986

(Address and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	AIMD	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	AIMDW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) ☐ Yes ☒ No

13,838,826 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of November 6, 2024

AINOS, INC.

INDEX

		PAGE NO.
PART I:	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Balance Sheets– September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Statements of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity– Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity– Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	7
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	8
	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	28

PART II:	OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
ITEM 1A	Risk Factors	28
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	29
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29
ITEM 5.	Other Information	29
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	29
Signatures		30

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,156,606		$	1,885,628
Accounts receivable		-			455
Inventory, net		160,701			167,593
Other current assets		331,898			419,521
Total current assets		5,649,205			2,473,197
Intangible assets, net		24,888,249			28,283,208
Property and equipment, net		649,063			876,572
Other Assets		183,229			208,827
Total assets	$	31,369,746		$	31,841,804

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Contract liabilities	$	110,142		$	112,555
Convertible notes payable (including amounts of related party of $2,000,000 and nil as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)		3,000,000			-
Other notes payable, related party		270,000			42,000
Accrued expenses and others current liabilities		750,629			1,182,283
Total current liabilities		4,130,771			1,336,838
Long term liabilities:
Senior secured convertible notes measured at fair value		-			2,651,556
Convertible notes payable-noncurrent (including amounts of related party of $9,000,000 and $2,000,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)		9,000,000			3,000,000
Other notes payable, related party-noncurrent		-			270,000
Other long-term liabilities		216,760			135,829
Total liabilities		13,347,531			7,394,223

Commitments and contingencies		-			-
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31,2023, respectively;		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31,2023; 13,813,434 and 4,677,787 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		138,134			46,778
Common Shares to be issued 900 shares and 162,337 shares as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		9			1,623
Additional paid-in capital		66,223,783			62,555,808
Accumulated deficit		(48,095,304	)		(37,886,155	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss-translation adjustment		(244,407	)		(270,473	)
Total stockholders’ equity		18,022,215			24,447,581
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	31,369,746		$	31,841,804

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues (including amounts of related party of nil and $21,224 for the three months September 30, 2024 and 2023, and nil and $33,765 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	$	-		$	24,489		$	20,729		$	102,208
Cost of revenues (including amounts of related party of nil and $39,523 for the three months September 30, 2024 and 2023, and nil and $86,158 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)		(547	)		(87,873	)		(52,674	)		(244,538	)
Gross loss		(547	)		(63,384	)		(31,945	)		(142,330	)
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses(including amounts of related party of $385,498 and $135,606 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $1,147,198 and $287,802 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)		2,022,244			1,710,265			6,085,648			5,080,335
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,015,758			902,017			3,090,056			2,282,631
Total operating expenses		3,038,002			2,612,282			9,175,704			7,362,966
Loss from operations		(3,038,549	)		(2,675,666	)		(9,207,649	)		(7,505,296	)
Non-operating (expenses) income, net
Interest expenses		(264,642	)		(44,267	)		(432,097	)		(93,852	)
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value		(169,344	)		(260,967	)		(308,336	)		(260,967	)
Fair value change for senior secured convertible note		(177,212	)		-			(275,624	)		-
Other (expenses) income, net		(49,570	)		5,054			14,557			14,067
Total non-operating expenses		(660,768	)		(300,180	)		(1,001,500	)		(340,752	)
Net loss before income taxes		(3,699,317	)		(2,975,846	)		(10,209,149	)		(7,846,048	)
Provision for income taxes		-			-			-			-
Net loss	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)

Net loss per common share-basic and diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.30	)	$	(1.95	)

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per common share-basic and diluted		11,279,220			4,058,413			7,868,997			4,026,756

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023

Net loss	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Translation adjustment		135,981			(78,833	)		26,066			(122,639	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(3,563,336	)	$	(3,054,679	)	$	(10,183,083	)	$	(7,968,687	)

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			Equity
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Common Stock - to be issued				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			Equity

Balance at June 30, 2024		-	$	-		7,388,674	$	73,887		270	$	3	$	65,414,761		$	(44,395,987	)	$	(380,388	)	$	20,712,276
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs		-		-		268,028		2,680		630		6		(2,686	)		-			-			-
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock		-		-		656,732		6,567		-		-		395,917			-			-			402,484
Issuance of common stock for patent license agreement		-		-		5,500,000		55,000		-		-		(55,000	)		-			-			-
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		470,791			-			-			470,791
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(3,699,317	)		-			(3,699,317	)
Translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			135,981			135,981
Balance at September 30, 2024		-	$	-		13,813,434	$	138,134		900	$	9	$	66,223,783		$	(48,095,304	)	$	(244,407	)	$	18,022,215

Balance at June 30, 2023		-	$	-		4,058,523	$	40,585		-	$	-	$	59,586,019		$	(28,985,808	)	$	(245,459	)	$	30,395,337
Issue warrant to Placement agent		-		-		-		-		-		-		15,467			-			-			15,467
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		324,842			-			-			324,842
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(2,975,846	)		-			(2,975,846	)
Translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			(78,833	)		(78,833	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		-	$	-		4,058,523	$	40,585		-	$	-	$	59,926,328		$	(31,961,654	)	$	(324,292	)	$	27,680,967

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Common Stock - to be issued						Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss			Equity

Balance at December 31, 2023		-	$	-		4,677,787	$	46,778		162,337		$	1,623		$	62,555,808		$	(37,886,155	)	$	(270,473	)	$	24,447,581
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock		-		-		3,071,318		30,713		-			-			2,410,978			-			-			2,441,691
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs		-		-		401,992		4,020		900			9			(4,029	)		-			-			-
Related party used computer equipment		-		-		-		-		-			-			(4,428	)		-			-			(4,428	)
Warrants issued in connection with senior secured convertible note payable		-		-		-		-		-			-			1,586			-			-			1,586
Issuance of common stock		-		-		162,337		1,623		(162,337	)		(1,623	)		-			-			-			-
Issue common stock for patent license agreement		-		-		5,500,000		55,000		-			-			(55,000	)		-			-			-
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-			-			1,318,868			-			-			1,318,868
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(10,209,149	)		-			(10,209,149	)
Translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			-			26,066			26,066
Balance at September 30, 2024		-	$	-		13,813,434	$	138,134		900		$	9		$	66,223,783		$	(48,095,304	)	$	(244,407	)	$	18,022,215

Balance at December 31, 2022		-	$	-		4,002,320	$	40,023		-		$	-		$	58,905,242		$	(24,115,606	)	$	(201,653	)	$	34,628,006
Balance		-	$	-		4,002,320	$	40,023		-		$	-		$	58,905,242		$	(24,115,606	)	$	(201,653	)	$	34,628,006
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs		-		-		25,306		253		-			-			(253	)		-			-			-
Issuance of stock in exchange of vehicle		-		-		12,231		122		-			-			48,437			-			-			48,559
Conversion of convertible notes payable to common stock		-		-		18,666		187		-			-			274,602			-			-			274,789
Warrants issued in connection with senior secured convertible note payable		-		-		-		-		-			-			15,467			-			-			15,467
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-			-			682,833			-			-			682,833
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(7,846,048	)		-			(7,846,048	)
Translation adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			-			(122,639	)		(122,639	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		-	$	-		4,058,523	$	40,585		-		$	-		$	59,926,328		$	(31,961,654	)	$	(324,292	)	$	27,680,967
Balance		-	$	-		4,058,523	$	40,585		-		$	-		$	59,926,328		$	(31,961,654	)	$	(324,292	)	$	27,680,967

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023
	Nine months ended September 30
	2024			2023
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		3,610,387			3,653,746
Loss on inventory write-downs		-			120,931
Share-based compensation expense		1,318,868			682,833
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value		308,336			260,967
Change in fair value of senior secured convertible note		275,624			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		455			201,384
Inventory		6,892			6,812
Other current assets		87,623			(757	)
Accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities		(343,072	)		(401,622	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,944,036	)		(3,321,754	)
Cash flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(20,423	)		(107,867	)
Increase in refundable deposits and others		(118,154	)		(9,661	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(138,577	)		(117,528	)
Cash flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from convertible notes payable- noncurrent		-			1,000,000
Proceeds from convertible notes payable- noncurrent, related party		9,000,000			2,000,000
Proceeds from senior secured convertible notes payable		875,000			2,000,000
Repayment of other notes payable, related party		(42,000	)		(572,000	)
Repayment of senior secured convertible notes payable		(1,439,754	)		-
Repayment of convertible notes payable, related party		-			(114,026	)
Payments of issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value		(97,500	)		(290,000	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		8,295,746			4,023,974
Effect from foreign currency exchange		57,845			(67,091	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,270,978			517,601
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		1,885,628			1,853,362
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	5,156,606		$	2,370,963

Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest	$	3,932		$	16,897

Noncash financing and investing activities:
Conversion of convertible notes payable to common stock and accrued interest waived by convertible notes holders	$	-		$	274,789
Conversion of senior secured convertible notes to common stock	$	2,441,691		$	-
Issuance of common stocks in exchange of vehicle	$	-		$	48,559
Account payable to purchase equipment	$	-		$	107,867

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

Ainos, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business

Organization and Business

Ainos, Inc. (the “Company”), incorporated in the State of Texas in 1984, is a diversified healthcare company focused on the development of novel point-of-care testing (the “POCT”), therapeutics based on very low-dose interferon alpha (the “VELDONA”), and synthetic RNA-driven preventative medicine. Our product pipeline includes commercial-stage VELDONA Pet cytoprotein supplements, clinical-stage VELDONA human and animal therapeutics and telehealth-friendly POCTs powered by the AI Nose technology platform.

We have historically involved in the research and development of therapeutics based on VELDONA. Building on our research and development on VELDONA since inception, we are focused on commercializing a suite of VELDONA-based product candidates. Currently our priority VELDONA pipeline includes drug candidates for treating oral warts for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients, Sjögren’s syndrome, and feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a cat oral infection.

In 2021 and 2022, we acquired certain types of intellectual property from our controlling shareholder, Ainos Inc., a Cayman Island corporation (“Ainos KY”), to expand product portfolio into POCTs aimed to provide connected, rapid, and convenient testing for a broad range of health conditions. Pivoting from the sales of COVID-19 POCT, we aim to commercialize POCTs that detect volatile organic compounds (the “VOC”) emitted by the body, powered by our AI Nose technology platform. Our AI Nose technology platform implements digital nose sensors and our proprietary algorithm to analyze and digitally profile VOCs emitted by the body. Our lead VOC POCT candidate, Ainos Flora, aims to test female vaginal health and certain common sexually transmitted infections (the “STIs”) quickly and easily.

We believe AI Nose has additional opportunities in telehealth, automotive, industrial, and environmental safety applications. To address these additional opportunities, we are codeveloping a VOC POCT solution for the elderly care market. We are also codeveloping a VOC sensing solution to address the industrial market, as our first move to expand the application of AI Nose beyond healthcare. Our vision is to leverage digital nose sensors and our proprietary VOC sensing AI algorithm, to digitize smell and ultimately become AI’s nose.

Underwritten Public Offering

The Company’s registration statement related to its underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) was declared effective on August 8, 2022, and the Company’s common stock and warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq”) on August 9, 2022 under the trading symbols “AIMD” and “AIMDW”, respectively.

Reverse Stock Splits

In connection with the Offering, the Company’s board of directors on April 29, 2022 and its shareholders on May 16, 2022 approved a 1-for-15 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock that became effective on August 9, 2022. Further, to comply with Nasdaq’s minimum $1.00 per share continued listing rules, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Formation on November 27, 2023, to apply for another reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-5 which was effectuated on December 14, 2023 after receiving required approvals.

The par value of $0.01 and authorized shares of the Company’s common stock remains the same and were not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock splits. All issued and outstanding common stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), outstanding convertible notes, warrants and options to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in the financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock splits for all periods presented.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter, the year ending December 31, 2024, or any other period.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures as of the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on various factors, including historical experience, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of stock option, warrants and convertible notes measured at fair value, and impairment testing of intangible assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Liquidity

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,156,606. The Company plans to finance its operations and development needs with its existing cash and cash equivalents, additional equity and/or debt financing arrangements, to support the Company’s clinical trial activities, largely in connection with Ainos Flora and human related VELDONA therapeutics. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis, or at all.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company generated a net loss of $10,209,149. The Company expects to continue incurring development expenses for the next twelve months as the Company advances Ainos Flora and VELDONA therapeutics for humans through clinical development until regulatory approval is received and the sales and marketing of the products is authorized.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net operating losses since inception and has an accumulated deficit as of September 30, 2024 of $48,095,304 and expects to incur additional losses and negative operating cash flows for at least the next twelve months. The Company’s ability to meet its obligations is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and future financing transactions.

Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s CODM. The CODM reviews financial information prepared on the basis of accounting policy disclosed in its annual financial statement for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance of the Company. As such, the Company has determined that it operates as one operating segment.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

The Company reviews its definite-lived intangibles and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. When such events occur, management determines whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the carrying value of the asset or asset group. If impairment exists, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. No impairment of definite-lived intangible and long-lived assets was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Fair Value Option

ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments, provides a fair value option (the “FVO”) election that allows companies an irrevocable election to use fair value as the initial and subsequent accounting measurement attribute for certain financial assets and liabilities. ASC 825-10 permits entities to elect to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an ongoing basis. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the FVO has been elected are reported in earnings, except for the effect of changes in own credit, which are recognized in other comprehensive income/loss. The decision to elect the FVO is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis, must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to ASC 825-10 are required to be reported separately from those instruments measured using another accounting method.

The Company elected to account for the senior secured convertible notes issued to Lind Global Fund II LP (the “Lind Note”) using FVO, which allows for valuing the Lind Note at fair value in its entirety versus bifurcation of the embedded derivatives (see Note 5). The fair value of the Lind Note is determined using a binomial lattice valuation model, which is widely used for valuing convertible notes. The significant assumptions used in the model is volatility of the Company’s common stock. If different assumptions are used, the fair value of the convertible notes and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. A significant increase in the volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in a significantly higher fair value; and a significant decrease in volatility would result in a significantly lower fair value.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (the “ASU”) 2016-13 (the “ASU 2016-13”), Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued in June 2016. The new standard changes the accounting for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets that are not measured at fair value through net income. Under legacy standards, the Company recognizes an impairment of receivables when it was probable that a loss had been incurred. Under the new standard pursuant to ASU 2016-13, the Company is required to recognize estimated credit losses expected to occur over the estimated life or remaining contractual life of an asset (which includes losses that may be incurred in future periods) using a broader range of information including reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions. The guidance is effective for smaller reporting companies (the “SRC”) as defined by the SEC for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosure.

On January 1, 2023, the Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 (the “ASU 2020-06”), Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. ASU 2020-06 as issued by FASB in August 2020 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is effective for SRC’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s early adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted

No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash on hand and cash in bank which is potentially subject to concentration of credit risk. Such balance is maintained at financial institutions that management determines to be of high-credit quality. Cash accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the U.S.A or Central Deposit Insurance Corporation in Taiwan up to certain limits. At times, such deposits may be in excess of the insurance limit. Accounts are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250,000. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $230,115 and $1,557,487 in excess of FDIC insured limits, respectively. The Company maintains cash in state-owned banks in Taiwan. In Taiwan, the insurance coverage of each bank is NTD$3,000,000 (approximately USD$94,750). As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $4,557,900 and $0 cash in excess of the insured amount, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

4. Inventory

Inventory stated at cost, net of reserve, consisted of the following:

Schedule of Inventory

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	88,765	$	92,708
Work in process		1,171		1,208
Finished goods		70,765		73,677
Total	$	160,701	$	167,593

Inventory write-downs to estimated net realizable values were nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $63,457 and $120,931 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

5. Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the respective notes payable were as follows:

Schedule of Notes Payable

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Other notes payable, related party – current	$	270,000	$	42,000
Other notes payable, related party - noncurrent		-		270,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		-		2,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party –current (ASE Note)		2,000,000		-
March 2025 Convertible Notes – noncurrent (Lee Note)		-		1,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)		1,000,000		-
Senior secured convertible notes payable (Lind Note) - fair value		-		2,651,556
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		9,000,000		-
Notes payable	$	12,270,000	$	5,963,556

The other notes payable were issued to Ainos KY, the controlling shareholder of the Company, in exchange for $800,000 in cash to support working capital of the Company in March 2022 (the “KY Note”). The Company paid off $530,000 of the KY Note during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company did not repay the KY Note during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The KY Note bear an interest rate of 1.85% per annum. On August 17, 2023, the Company entered into extension agreements with Ainos KY to extend the maturity to March 31, 2025. Another note payable was issued to i2China Management Group, LLC (“i2China”) in exchange for consulting services in 2020 (the “i2China Note”) the Company paid off the remain outstanding amount of $42,000 with accrued interest on August 16, 2024.

All of the aforementioned convertible promissory notes and other notes payable are unsecured and due upon maturity. Holders of convertible notes have the option to convert some or the entire unpaid principal and accrued interest to common stock of the Company.

May 2027 Convertible Notes and Warrant Purchase Agreement

On May 3, 2024, The Company entered into Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with the ASE Test, Inc. (“ASE”), a shareholder of Ainos KY, for the issuance of convertible promissory notes with 6% compound interest in the aggregate principal amount of $9,000,000 (collectively the “Notes”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, payable three (3) years from May 3, 2024 as well as the issuance of warrants for the purchase of up to 500,000 shares of common stock at a price per share of $4.50, exercisable until May 3, 2029. As of September 30, 2024, the Company received the full amount of the payment.

March 2025 Convertible Notes

On March 13, 2023, the Company entered into two convertible promissory note purchase agreements pursuant to Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in the total principal amount of $3,000,000 with the following investors (the “March 2025 Convertible Notes” or “Notes”).

Convertible Note Issued to ASE Test, Inc. (the “ASE Note”)

Pursuant to the one of the aforementioned agreements, ASE Test, Inc., a shareholder of Ainos KY, committed to pay a total aggregate amount of $2,000,000 to the Company in exchange for convertible promissory note(s) in three tranches in the amounts of $1,000,000 (the “First Tranche”), $500,000 (the “Second Tranche”), and $500,000 (the “Third Tranche”) conditioned, among other things, on the Company achieving certain business milestones. As of September 30, 2024, the Company received the full amount of the payment.

Convertible Note Issued to Li-Kuo Lee (the “Lee Note”)

The Company issued a convertible note in the principal amount of $1,000,000 to an unrelated party, Li-Kuo Lee, in exchange of $1,000,000 in cash. As of September 30, 2024, the Company received the full amount of the payment.

The March 2025 Convertible Notes will mature in two years from the issuance dates, bearing interest at the rate of 6% compounded interest per annum. At any time after the issuance and before the maturity date, the Notes are convertible into the common stock of the Company at the conversion price of $7.50 per share, subject to anti-dilutive adjustment as set forth in the Notes. Unless previously converted, the Company shall repay the outstanding principal amount plus all accrued and unpaid interest on the maturity date. The Notes shall be an unsecured general obligation of the Company.

The total interest expense of convertible notes payable, other notes payable, March 2025 Convertible Notes and May 2027 Convertible Notes and Warrant Purchase Agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $185,078 and $349,292, respectively, compared with $41,227 and $86,151 for the same period in year 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unpaid accrued interest expense was $484,635 and $138,939, respectively.

Senior Secured Convertible Notes Payable

On September 25, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) with Lind Global Fund II LP (the “Lind”). The SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $10,000,000 under various tranches to fund clinical trials, commercial product launch and working capital of the Company. The Lind Note does not bear any interest and matures on March 28, 2025.

In 2023, the Company issued and sold to Lind, in a private placement, (a) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $3,540,000 (the “Lind Note”) and (b) warrants to purchase 691,244 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.50 per share of common stock (the “Lind Warrant”) for a cash amount of $3,000,000. As of September 30, 2024, the Company received the full amount of the funding.

Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company has the right to request additional tranches of funding from Lind in the aggregate amount not to exceed $7.0 million (the “Increased Funding Amount”). Lind will receive additional warrants to purchase a number of shares of common stock based on a formula set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement. Such warrants will expire after five years from the date of issuance and may be exercised on a cashless basis.

On January 23, 2024, the Company received an Increased Funding Amount of up to $1.75 million, with $875,000 funded at closing and $875,000 to be funded subject to an effective registration statement and other conditions specified in the Securities Purchase Agreement, and amended the Initial Note to, among other amendments, increase the principal amount to $4,235,000 (the Initial Note as so amended, the “Note”). In connection with additional funding, the Company issued Lind a warrant to purchase 1,021,400 shares at an exercise price of $2.16 per share (the “Second Lind Warrants and together with the First Lind Warrants, the “Lind Warrants”).

Following the earlier to occur of (i) 90 days from the date of the SPA or (ii) the date the resale Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, the Lind Note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the option of Lind at any time with the conversion price at lower of $7.50 per share, subject to adjustment, or 90% of the average of the three lowest daily VWAP of the common stock during the 20 trading days prior to conversion, subject to certain adjustments.

On August 2, 2024, the Company retired its remaining senior secured convertible debt (the “Note”) with Lind Global Fund II LP, an institutional investment fund managed by The Lind Partners (together the “Investor”), as a result of conversions by the Investor and payments by the Company, which aggregates at a total of approximately US$1.67 million. The prepayment was made with $1,439,754 in cash and $224,842 through the issuance of 382,384 shares of Common Stock, valued at $0.588 per share.

From an accounting perspective, the Lind Note is considered a debt host instrument embedded with an issuer’s call and investor’s contingent puts, and is issued at substantial discount. The Company elects the fair value option (the “FVO”) to account for the Lind Note at fair value and mark to market each quarter. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the change in the fair value of the Lind Note was recorded in the Statements of Operations in the amount of $177,212 and $275,624 respectively. No portion of the change in fair value was related to changes in credit risk of the Company which would be charged to other comprehensive loss if any. The Company has granted to Lind a senior security interest in all of the Company’s right, title, and interest in, to and under all of the Company’s property, subject to certain exceptions as set forth in the SPA. The issuance cost including a commitment fee charged by Lind, placement agent fee and warrants, and legal fees is $308,336, which is expensed off due to FVO election.

6. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company increased authorized shares of preferred stock from 10,000,000 shares to 50,000,000 shares upon the filing of an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State of Texas on November 27, 2023. No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Common Stock

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued an additional 656,732 shares of common stock as a result of delivering conversion of the Lind’s Note, 268,028 shares of common stock to settle vested RSUs, and 5,500,000 shares of common stock in patent licenses agreement. As of September 30, 2024, there were 13,813,434 shares of common stock legally issued and outstanding.

Warrants

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, warrants issued and outstanding in connection with financing are summarized as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In number of shares)	2024		2023
ASE Warrant with exercise price $4.5		500,000		-
Lind Warrant with exercise price from $2.16 to $4.50		1,201,944		691,244
Public warrant with exercise price of $21.25		179,400		179,400
Representative’s warrant with exercise price of $23.375		7,800		7,800
Placement agent warrant with exercise price of $8.25		20,666		16,000
Total		1,909,810		894,444

As mentioned in Note 5, in connection with Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with the ASE, the Company issued warrants to ASE for purchase of up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock at a price per share of $4.50, exercisable until May 3, 2029.

As discussed in Note 5, the Company issued the Lind Warrants on September 28, 2023 in connection with the private placement of the Lind Note. The Company further issued 20,666 shares of warrants with an exercise price of $8.25 per share to the placement agent as the agent fee. Each warrant has a contractual term of 5 years and can be exercised for the purchase of one share of common stock of the Company. The carrying amount of the Lind Warrant is nil after allocating proceeds to the Lind Note measured at fair value. The fair value of the placement agent warrant is estimated as $21,479 using the Black-Scholes Model.

As disclosed in Note 1, the Company issued public warrants together with common stock in connection with its underwritten public offering effective August 8, 2022. The Company further issued private warrants to Maxim Group LLC, as representative of the underwriter pursuant to an underwriting agreement. Each warrant has a contractual term of 5 years, expiring on August 8, 2027, and can be exercised for the purchase of one share of common stock of the Company.

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (the “ASC480), and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (the “ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are free standing financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent period end date while the instruments are outstanding. Management has concluded that the warrants issued in connection with the underwritten public offering and the private placement of Lind Note qualify for equity accounting treatment and are recorded as additional paid-in capital.

In addition, the warrant issued by the Company to i2China in 2020 in exchange for consulting services is accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (see Note 8).

As of September 30, 2024, none of the warrants have been exercised nor have expired.

7. Revenue

Revenue is recognized upon shipment of products based upon contractually stated pricing at standard payment terms within 30 to 60 days. The revenue generated by product sales is recognized at point in time.

The Company generated revenue from sales of COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits in the Taiwan market for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There was no revenue recognized from performance obligation satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods, nor were there any unsatisfied performance obligations related to the sales of COVID-19 Test Kits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company generated revenue from sales of VELDONA Pet cytoprotein supplements in the Taiwan market through on-line platforms that were recognized after the expiration of right of return which was offered for a limited time. Revenue from sales through off-line distribution channels was recognized based on the amount of consideration that we expected to receive, reduced by estimates for return allowances, promotional discounts, and fees. Nil of contract liabilities was recorded for the cash received in advance from distribution channels as of September 30, 2024.

Return Allowances

Return allowances, which reduce revenue and cost of sales, are estimated using historical experience. Liabilities for return allowances are included in “Accrued expenses and others current liabilities”.

Variable consideration

We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods. From time to time, we offer product sales promotions such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

8. Share-Based Compensation

2023 Stock Incentive Plan

The Company effectuated an amendment to its 2021 Stock Incentive Plan, now restated as the Company 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 SIP” or “Plan”) which includes, among other things, a change in the number of reserved shares under the Plan. Under the 2023 SIP, subject to a change in capital structure or a change in control, the aggregate number of shares which may be issued or transferred pursuant to awards under the Plan will be equal to up to twenty percent (20%) of shares of outstanding common stock of the Company existing as of December 31^st of the previous calendar year (the “Plan Share Reserve”). Upon the effectiveness of the 2023 SIP on June 14, 2023, the aggregate number of shares which may be issued pursuant to awards under the Plan is 871,075 shares of common stock, including shares that remained available for grant under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. On July 19, 2024, the Company filed Form S-8 to increase the aggregate number of shares may be issued to 946,432 shares of common stock including shares that remained available for grant under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2024, 1,816,632 shares have been granted under the 2023 SIP.

2021 Stock Incentive Plan

On September 28, 2021, the Company’s board of directors, and on May 16, 2022, its shareholders approved the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 SIP”). During the period from January 1, 2023 up to the date that the prior plan was superseded by the 2023 SIP, no shares were granted under the 2021 SIP.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On September 28, 2021, the Company’s board of directors, and on May 16, 2022, its shareholders approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”). As of September 30, 2024, no shares were issued under the 2021 ESPP.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

RSUs entitle the recipient to be paid out an equal number of common stock shares upon vesting. The fair value of RSUs is based on market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. A summary of the Company’s RSUs activity and related information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units

	2024					2023
	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested balance at January 1		954,306		$	4.39		160,000		$	12.08
RSUs granted		-		$	-		-		$	-
RSUs vested		(133,964	)	$	5.74		(5,866	)	$	55.50
RSUs forfeited		(5,950	)	$	3.46		(7,600	)	$	7.15
Unvested balance at March 31		814,392		$	4.18		146,534		$	10.60
RSUs granted		-			-		-			-
RSUs vested		-			-		(20,220	)	$	6.69
RSUs forfeited		(4,410	)	$	4.16		(6,970	)	$	6.38
Unvested balance at June 30		809,982		$	4.18		119,344		$	11.51
RSUs granted		946,432		$	0.53		870,200		$	3.46
RSUs vested		(268,028	)	$	1.91		-			-
RSUs forfeited		(8,400	)	$	3.46		(8,220	)	$	3.92
Unvested balance at September 30		1,479,986		$	2.26		981,324		$	4.43

Stock Options and Warrants

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no shares were granted, forfeited, expired or exercised. As of September 30, 2024, there were 7,332 shares in the form of stock options and 6,034 shares in the form of warrants outstanding are all vested and exercisable.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Shared-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 ware $470,791 and $1,318,868, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amount of $324,842 and $682,833, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding RSUs, stock options and warrants was $2,461,580, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.86 years.

9. Income Taxes

The Company did not record a federal, state, or foreign income tax provision or benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 due to the expected loss before income taxes to be incurred for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as well as the Company’s continued maintenance of a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets due to its historical deficit.

10. Net Loss per Common Share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		11,279,220			4,058,413			7,868,997			4,026,756
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.30	)	$	(1.95	)

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because they would be anti-dilutive:

	2024		2023		2024		2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Option and RSUs to purchase common stock		1,487,318		988,656		1,487,318		988,656
Warrants to purchase to common stock		1,915,844		664,730		1,915,844		664,730
Convertible note to purchase common stock		2,480,565		1,329,709		2,480,565		1,329,709
Total potential shares		5,883,727		2,983,095		5,883,727		2,983,095

11. Related Party Transactions

The following is a summary of related party transactions that met our disclosure threshold:

Working Capital Advances

The proceeds of the KY Note and ASE Note (see Note 5) were used for working capital advances. The total interest expense incurred in related to the notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $168,950 and $301,805, respectively, compared to $26,103 and $52,944, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unpaid accrued interest expenses were $389,437 and $87,632, respectively.

Purchase and Sales

Ainos COVID-19 Test Kits Sales and Marketing Agreement with Ainos KY

On June 14, 2021, the Company entered into an exclusive agreement with Ainos KY to serve as the master sales and marketing agent for the Ainos COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kit and COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Test Kit which were developed and manufactured by Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation (the “TCNT”), a controlling shareholder of Ainos KY (the “Sales and Marketing Agreement”). On June 7, 2021, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (the “TFDA”) approved emergency use authorization (the “EUA”) to TCNT for the Ainos COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kit sold and marketed under the “Ainos” brand in Taiwan. On June 21, 2022, the Company began marketing the Ainos SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Self-Test (together with Ainos COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kit, the “COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits”) under a separate EUA issued by the TFDA to TCNT on June 13, 2022.

The Company incurred costs associated with manufacturing COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits by TCNT pursuant to the Sales and Marketing Agreement, totaling nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared with the amount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of nil and $46,635 respectively.

Manufacturing Service Agreement with TNCT for the VELDONA Pet cytoprotein supplements

On August 28, 2023, the Company entered into a manufacturing service agreement with TCNT, together with another third-party vendor, to manufacture pet supplement products. The Company incurred costs totaling $39,523 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the accounts payable to TCNT were nil and $323, respectively; and prepayment for COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits were $16,785 and $27,208, respectively.

COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits Sales

The Company sold COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits to affiliates of ASE Test Inc., totaling nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 amount of $21,224 and $33,765, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the accounts receivable to aforementioned related parties were nil, respectively.

Product Co-development Agreement

Pursuant to a five-year Product Co-development Agreement effective on August 1, 2021 (the “Product Co-Development Agreement”) with TCNT, the development expenses incurred were $98,823 and $290,661 for the three and nine months ended September 30,2024, respectively, compared to $135,606 and $287,802 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As part of the Addendum Agreement entered on July 8, 2024, TCNT provided non-exclusive use of certain patents related to VOC and POCT technologies for a monthly fee of $95,000 (plus 5% indirect tax), with negotiable payment terms for extend another three months from July 2024 to September 2024. The fee for non-exclusive use of patents were $286,675 and $856,537 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Advance payment $33,830 and $ 26,511 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Patent license agreement

On August 6, 2024, the Company entered into a patent license agreement (the “License Agreement”) with TCNT, as an effort to bolster the Company’s AI Nose and point-of-care testing (POCT) technologies while preserving cash. As of August 5, 2024, prior to TCNT entering into the License Agreement, TCNT controlled, via its majority interest in Ainos Inc., a Cayman Islands corporation (“Ainos KY”) which is a party to certain previously disclosed Voting Agreements, approximately 38% of the voting power of the Company. Pursuant to the License Agreement, TCNT has agreed to assign and grant, and the Company has agreed to accept, an exclusive, irrevocable, and perpetual license of certain invention patents and patent applications related to gas sensors and medical devices (the “Licensed Patents”), in exchange for 5,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock”), at a price per share of 1.05 times the highest closing sale price of the Common Stock during the 30-trading day period preceding the effective date of the License Agreement. The License Agreement shall remain in effect until terminated by mutual written agreement of the parties, or until the expiration of the Licensed Patents, or all claims for alleged infringement of the Licensed Patents are barred by applicable laws.

Following the issuance of the 5.5 million shares of stock, TCNT controls the company through its majority interest in Ainos KY, and its direct ownership in the Company. Ainos KY is a shareholder of the Company and a party to certain previously disclosed Voting Agreements, and controls approximately 62.8% of the Company’s voting power as of November 6, 2024.

Miscellaneous

The Company engaged Ms. Chien-Hsuan Huang as a medical device development consultant in September 2022 for one year. Ms. Huang is the spouse of one of the board of directors of the Company. The R&D expense was nil for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $12,377 and $51,721 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company operates in an industry characterized by extensive patent litigation. Competitors may claim that the Company’s products infringe upon their intellectual property. Resolution of patent litigation or other intellectual property claims is typically time consuming and costly and can result in significant damage awards and injunctions that could prevent the manufacture and sale of the affected products or require the Company to make significant royalty payments in order to continue selling the affected products. As of September 30, 2024, there were no such commitments or contingencies.

The company record for the cash received in advance $110,142 as contract liabilities from distribution channels, the company will expect to realize the revenue in the near future, however, there can be adjusted due to the company’s strategy.

13. Subsequent Events

Related Party Transaction

Extend agreements

As part of the Addendum Agreement entered into on October 16, 2024 as disclosed in Note 11, TCNT will provide exclusive use of certain patents related to VOC, POCT and nitrogen-oxygen separation machine technologies for a monthly fee of $50,000 (plus 5% indirect tax) for twelve months from October 16, 2024, with negotiable payment terms.

Repayment of note payable (the “KY Note”)

On October 7, 2024, the company has repaid the remaining note payable principal amount of $270,000 with accrued interest to Ainos KY, the controlling shareholder of the Company.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The unaudited condensed financial statements and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”). In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those set forth under “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report, “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or anticipated results.

When used in this Quarterly Report, all references to “Ainos,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Ainos, Inc.

Overview

In 2021 and 2022, we acquired certain types of intellectual property from controlling shareholder, Ainos Inc., a Cayman Island corporation (“Ainos KY”), to expand product portfolio into POCTs aimed to provide connected, rapid, and convenient testing for a broad range of health conditions. Pivoting from the sales of COVID-19 POCT, we aim to commercialize POCTs that detect volatile organic compounds (the “VOC”) emitted by the body, powered by our AI Nose technology platform. Our AI Nose technology platform implements digital nose sensors and our proprietary algorithm to analyze and digitally profile VOCs emitted by the body. Our lead VOC POCT candidate, Ainos Flora, aims to test female vaginal health and certain common sexually transmitted infections (the “STIs”) quickly and easily.

Our Pipeline

An integral part of our operating strategy is to create multiple revenue streams through sales of commercially ready products, out-licensing or forming strategic relationships to develop and commercialize our products. As of September 30, 2024, we have commercialized the following products:

	●	COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kit. As the first commercialized products we sell, we have marketed COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits in Taiwan under emergency use authorization (“EUA”) issued by the Taiwan Federal and Drug Administration (“TFDA”) to TCNT, the product manufacturer. We have pivoted away from this business and have ceased selling the product since the first quarter of 2024.

	●	VELDONA Pet. VELDONA Pet is cytoprotein supplement formulated to address a variety of health issues in dogs and cats, including skin, gum, emotion, discomfort caused by allergies, eye, and weight-related issues. We currently market VELDONA Pet in Taiwan.

From time to time, we assess our development plan based on available resources and market dynamics. As of September 30, 2024, our current pipeline of the products, which are under development, includes the following:

●

VELDONA human and animal drugs. Our human drug pipeline include oral warts for HIV seropositive patients, Sjögren’s syndrome common cold, and influenza We have conducted Phase 2 studies for these programs. Within the human drug pipeline, we are prioritizing HIV oral warts and Sjögren’s syndrome. As of the third quarter of 2024, we are in the process of initiating clinical studies for HIV oral warts and Sjögren’s syndrome in Taiwan. The United States Food and Drug Administration (the “U.S. FDA”) have granted orphan drug designation for our VELDONA formulation as a potential treatment for oral warts in HIV-seropositive patients. In the second quarter of 2024 we announced a plan to initiate a clinical study for feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a cat oral disease, as an effort to explore VELDONA’s opportunity as an animal drug. We enrolled our first subject for FCGS during the third quarter of 2024.

	●	VOC POCT – Ainos Flora. Ainos Flora, powered by AI Nose, is intended to perform a non-invasive test for female vaginal health and certain common STIs within a few minutes. A companion app is also being developed that aims to enable users to conveniently manage test results. We believe Ainos Flora can provide connected, convenient, discreet, rapid testing in a point-of-care setting. We are conducting clinical study in Taiwan and exploring strategic opportunities to commercialize the product. To further optimize the product for at-home testing, we are developing a next generation Ainos Flora device that implements compute unified device architecture (CUDA), a parallel computing platform for accelerated computing on graphical processing units.

	●	VOC platform – NISD co-development. We are co-developing a VOC sensing platform with Nisshinbo Micro Devices Inc. (“NISD”) and Taiwan Inabata Sangyo Co. (“Taiwan Inabata”). The platform under development is intended to be used in applications including telehealth, automotive, industrial, and environmental safety. We are developing a VOC POCT solution for the elderly market and a solution for sensing VOCs in the industrial market.

	●	VOC POCT – Ainos Pen. The device is intended to be a cloud-connected, multi-purpose, portable breath analyzer that is intended to monitor health conditions within minutes, powered by AI Nose. We expect consumers to be empowered to share test results with their physicians through in-person and telehealth medical consultations.

	●	VOC POCT – CHS430. The CHS430 device, powered by AI Nose, is intended to provide non-invasive testing for ventilator-associated pneumonia within few minutes, as compared to current standard of care invasive culture tests that typically take more than two days to provide results.

	●	Synthetic RNA (“SRNA”). We plan develop a SRNA technology platform in Taiwan with a long-term goal of developing next-generating precision treatments and rapid tests.

An integral part of our operating strategy is to create multiple revenue streams through commercializing our product portfolio and leveraging our intellectual property patents. Our near-term development plans encompass advancing our flagship VOC POCT candidate, Ainos Flora, and our co-development programs. At the same time, we will advance clinical studies and actively pursue the out-licensing of VELDONA human drug candidates.

We continue to strengthen our intellectual properties. During the third quarter of 2024, we have licensed additional patents from Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation (TCNT), our shareholder and product developer, as an effort to bolster our AI Nose and POCT technologies. For VELDONA, we secured a Taiwan invention patent titled “METHOD AND COMPOSITION OF TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION” and we have filed for global patent protection under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) for this patent.

As of September 30, 2024, we had available cash and cash equivalents of $5,156,606. We anticipate business revenues and further potential financial support from external sources to fund our operations over the next twelve months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information. To finance our continuing operations, we will need to raise additional capital, which cannot be assured.

Our operating revenue previously came from the sale of COVID-19 test kits in Taiwan under emergency use authorization, since the expiration of EUA to TCNT, the company ceased the sale of the Ainos COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits in first quarter of 2024. The company began to generate sales revenue from VELDONA Pet in the third quarter of 2023. In Taiwan, we are primarily marketing VELDONA Pet on certain e-commerce platforms.

We believe that post COVID-19, consumers have become increasingly familiar with at-home tests. Moving forward, people may seek additional at-home tests to manage other infections as quickly as possible. Home self-testing has become increasingly available for other infections such as vaginal infections or STIs. We believe this new user behavior, supported by a variety of telehealth platforms, will facilitate consumer adoption of our other POCT product candidates.

Results of Operations for Quarter Ended September 30, 2024 (“Q3 2024”) and September 30, 2023 (“Q3 2023”):

	Three months ended September 30,						Change
	2024			2023			Amount			%

Revenues	$	-		$	24,489		$	(24,489	)		(100	)%
Cost of revenues		(547	)		(87,873	)		87,326			(99	)%
Gross loss		(547	)		(63,384	)		62,837			(99	)%
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses		2,022,244			1,710,265			311,979			18	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,015,758			902,017			113,741			13	%
Total operating expenses		3,038,002			2,612,282			425,720			16	%
Loss from operations		(3,038,549	)		(2,675,666	)		(362,883	)		14	%

Non-operating (expenses) income, net:
Interest expense		(264,642	)		(44,267	)		(220,375	)		498	%
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value		(169,344	)		(260,967	)		91,623			(35	)%
Fair value change for senior secured convertible note		(177,212	)		-			(177,212	)		-	%
Other (expense) income, net		(49,570	)		5,054			(54,624	)		(1,081	)%
Total non-operating expenses, net		(660,768	)		(300,180	)		(360,588	)		120	%

Net loss before income taxes		(3,699,317	)		(2,975,846	)		(723,471	)		24	%
Provision for income taxes		-			-			-
Net loss	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(723,471	)		24	%

Revenues, Cost and Gross Loss

The Company reported nil and $24,489 in revenue in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023, respectively, from product sales of VELDONA pet cytoprotein supplements and Ainos COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits in Taiwan respectively. The Company launched its VELDONA pet cytoprotein supplement products in the third quarter of 2023; due to the expiration of EUA, the company ceased the sale of the Ainos COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits in the first quarter of 2024. Sales volume in 2024 Q3 was offset by the sales returns.

The cost of revenue related to product sales in Q3 2024 was $547 compared to $87,873 in Q3 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was due to the decrease in sales volume.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation expense for manufacturing in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 were nil and $21,715, respectively. When excluding these non-cash cost, cost of revenue was $547 in Q3 2024 compared to $66,158 in Q3 2023.

Gross loss from product sales in Q3 2024 was $547 as compared to $63,384 gross loss from product sales in Q3 2023. The decrease in gross loss was due to low sales volume for newly launched products, and a reduced cost of revenue.

When excluding these non-cash costs, gross loss decreased to $547 in Q3 2024 compared to $41,669 gross loss in Q3 2023.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

R&D expenses in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 were $2,022,244 and $1,710,265, respectively. The increase of $311,979 (18%) was due to increased expenses associated with co-research for technology and product, as well as staffing expenditures (including share-based compensation), which were offset by a decrease in professional expense. We expect that our R&D expenses related to clinical trials will continue to grow as we further develop VOC POCT and VELDONA drug candidates and increase the pace of clinical trials previously delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation and amortization expense in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 were $1,305,461 and $1,263,665, respectively. Excluding these non-cash expenses, R&D expenses increased to $716,783 in Q3 2024 from $446,600 in Q3 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

SG&A expenses were $1,015,758 and $902,017 in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023, respectively, reflecting an increase of $113,741 (13%) due to a significant increase in staffing expenditures (including share-based compensation) and professional expenses and Nasdaq and SEC filing fees, which were offset by a decrease in public relations and investor relations fees and D&O insurance expenses. RSUs granted to officers and employees of the Company require a service period of 3 years and therefore, the total amount of the compensation expense was amortized over the service period.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation and amortization expense in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 were $377,020 and $269,934, respectively. Excluding these non-cash expenses, SG&A expenses mildly increased to $638,738 in Q3 2024 compared to $632,083 in Q3 2023.

Operating Loss

The Company’s operating loss was $3,038,549 and $2,675,666 in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023, respectively, reflecting a $362,883 (14%) increase in operating loss between the reporting periods. We incurred a gross loss in product sales. We continued to invest resources to execute our growth strategy and product roadmap to improve our profitability.

Interest Expense

In Q3 2024, interest expense was $264,642 compared to $44,267 in Q3 2023. The increase in interest expense was due to accrued interest for convertible notes issued in May 2024.

Net Loss

Net loss was $3,699,317 in Q3 2024 compared to $2,975,846 in Q3 2023, resulting in a $723,471 (24%) increase in net loss attributable to our shareholders of common stock. The net loss was due to an expanding operating expense. We continued to invest resources to execute our growth strategy and product roadmap to improve our profitability.

Results of Operations for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (“first nine months 2024”) and September 30, 2023 (“first nine months 2023”):

	Nine months ended September 30,						Change
	2024			2023			Amount			%

Revenues	$	20,729		$	102,208		$	(81,479	)		(80	)%
Cost of revenues		(52,674	)		(244,538	)		191,864			(78	)%
Gross loss		(31,945	)		(142,330	)		110,385			(78	)%
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses		6,085,648			5,080,335			1,005,313			20	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,090,056			2,282,631			807,425			35	%
Total operating expenses		9,175,704			7,362,966			1,812,738			25	%
Loss from operations		(9,207,649	)		(7,505,296	)		(1,702,353	)		23	%

Non-operating (expenses) income, net:
Interest expense		(432,097	)		(93,852	)		(338,245	)		360	%
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value		(308,336	)		(260,967	)		(47,369	)		18	%
Fair value change for senior secured convertible note		(275,624	)		-			(275,624	)		-	%
Other income, net		14,557			14,067			490			3	%
Total non-operating expenses, net		(1,001,500	)		(340,752	)		(660,748	)		194	%

Net loss before income taxes		(10,209,149	)		(7,846,048	)		(2,363,101	)		30	%
Provision for income taxes		-			-			-
Net loss	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)	$	(2,363,101	)		30	%

Revenues, Cost and Gross Loss

The Company reported $20,729 and $102,208 in revenue in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023, respectively, from product sales of VELDONA pet cytoprotein supplements and Ainos COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits in Taiwan respectively. The Company launched its VELDONA pet cytoprotein supplement products in the third quarter of 2023; due to the expiration of EUA, the company ceased the sale of the Ainos COVID-19 antigen rapid test kits in the first quarter of 2024.

The cost of revenue related to product sales in first nine months 2024 was $52,674 compared to $244,538 in first nine months 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was due to the decrease in sales volume.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation expense for manufacturing in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023 were $9,032 and $70,069, respectively. When excluding these non-cash cost, cost of revenue decreased to $43,642 in first nine months 2024 compared to $174,469 in first nine months 2023.

Gross loss from product sales in first nine months 2024 was $31,945 as compared to $142,330 gross loss from product sales in first nine months 2023. The decrease in gross loss was due to low sales volume for newly launched products, and a lower cost of revenue.

When excluding these non-cash costs, gross loss decreased to $22,913 in first nine months 2024 compared to $72,261 gross loss in first nine months 2023.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses

R&D expenses in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023 were $6,085,648 and $5,080,335, respectively. The increase of $1,005,313 (20%) was due to increased expenses associated with co-research for technology and product and staffing expenditures (including share-based compensation), which were offset by a decrease in professional expense. We expect that our R&D expenses related to clinical trials will continue to grow as we further develop VOC POCT and VELDONA drug candidates and increase the pace of clinical trials previously delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation and amortization expense in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023 were $3,866,581 and $3,669,081, respectively. When excluding these non-cash expenses, R&D expenses increased to $2,219,067 in first nine months 2024 from $1,411,254 in first nine months 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

SG&A expenses were $3,090,056 and $2,282,631 in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023, respectively, reflecting an increase of $807,425 (35%) due to a significant increase in staffing expenditures (including share-based compensation) and professional expenses, which were offset by a decrease in public relations and investor relations fees and D&O insurance expenses. RSUs granted to officers and employees of the Company require a service period of 3 years and therefore, the total amount of the compensation expense was amortized over the service period.

The share-based compensation expense and the depreciation and amortization expense in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023 were $1,053,642 and $597,429, respectively. When excluding these non-cash expenses, SG&A expenses increased to $2,036,414 in first nine months 2024 compared to $1,685,202 in first nine months 2023.

Operating Loss

The Company’s operating loss was $9,207,649 and $7,505,296 in first nine months 2024 and first nine months 2023, respectively, reflecting a $1,702,353 (23%) increase in operating loss between the reporting periods. We incurred a gross loss in product sales. We continued to invest resources to execute our growth strategy and product roadmap to improve our profitability.

Interest Expense and Issuance Cost of Convertible Note

In first nine months 2024, interest expense was $432,097 compared to $93,852 in first nine months 2023. The increase in interest expense was due to accrued interest for convertible notes issued in May 2024.

On January 23, 2024, the Company received an Increased Funding Amount and incurred an issuance cost including investor and placement agent fees, as well as legal fees. $308,336 of the issuance cost was recognized for the amendment of funding received and closed by the Company.

Net Loss

Net loss was $10,209,149 in first nine months 2024 compared to $7,846,048 in first nine months 2023, resulting in a $2,363,101 (30%) increase in net loss attributable to our shareholders of common stock. The net loss was due to an expanding operating expense. We continued to invest resources to execute our growth strategy and product roadmap to improve our profitability.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had available cash of $5,156,606 and $1,885,628, respectively.

The following table summarizes our cash flow during the nine months period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024			2023
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,944,036	)		(3,321,754	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(138,577	)		(117,528	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		8,295,746			4,023,974

Operating activities:

Cash used in operating activities increased by $1,622,282 during the first nine months of 2024 compared to the first, nine months of 2023. Our net loss for the first nine months of 2024 increased by $2,363,101 primarily due to increase of operating expenses. The operating cash outflow as a result of changes in operating assets and liabilities was mainly attributable to:

	●	Non-cash expenses including share-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, loss on inventory write-downs, issuance cost of secured convertible note, and change in fair value of senior secured convertible note increased approximately by $794,700;
	●	Working capital injected into accounts receivable, inventories and other current assets decreased by approximately $112,500; and
	●	Working capital injected into accrued expenses, operating lease liabilities, contract liabilities and other current and long-term liabilities increased by approximately $58,500.

Investing activities

Cash used for investing activities were $138,577 and $117,528 during the first nine months of 2024 and the first nine months of 2023, respectively. The increase was due to increase in refundable deposits and other noncurrent assets offset by decrease in purchase of property and equipment.

Financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities were $8,295,746 and $4,023,974 during the first nine months of 2024 and the first nine months of 2023, respectively. The $4,271,772 increase was primarily reflected by the following:

	●	Repayment of convertible notes and other notes payable increased by $795,728;
	●	Proceeds from convertible notes and other notes payable financing increased by $4,875,000; and
	●	Payments of issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value decreased by $192,500.

As disclosed in Note 5 (Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable), to our accompanying condensed financial statements we received $875,000 in proceeds from the Lind Note transaction in January 2024.

As disclosed in Note 5 (Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable), to our accompanying condensed financial statements we received $9,000,000 in proceeds from the ASE Note transaction in May 2024.

As disclosed in Note 5 (Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable), to our accompanying condensed financial statements we repaid $1,439,754 in cash to retired senior secured convertible notes from the LIND Note transaction in August 2024.

As disclosed in Note 5 (Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable), to our accompanying condensed financial statements we repaid $42,000 to retire the i2China Note transaction in August 2024.

In the near-term, we expect an increase in the pace of clinical trial spending to advance our VOC POCT and VELDONA drug candidates and expect to invest more in R&D activities. We may also increase our sales and marketing efforts.

The Company anticipates that cash reserves, business revenues, and potential debt financing through convertible and non-convertible notes will fund the Company’s operations over the next twelve months. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to make the Company profitable. If those efforts are not successful, the Company may raise additional capital through the issuance of equity securities, debt financings or other sources to further implement its business plan. However, if such financing is not available when needed and at adequate levels, the Company will need to reevaluate its operating plan.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our unaudited condensed financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses.

We evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to inventory valuation, useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of stock option, warrants and convertible note, and impairment testing of intangible assets, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates” of our 2023 Annual Report, except for those accounting subjects discussed in the Notes, if any, to the unaudited condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item 3.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. As of the date of this report, we were not aware of any material legal proceedings involving the Company.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Quarterly Report. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

You should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report, together with all other information in this Quarterly Report, including our unaudited condensed financial statements and notes thereto, and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. If any such risks, including the risk set out below, or other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe to not be significant, develop into actual events, then our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially adversely affected. If that happens, the market price of our common stock could decline, and stockholders may lose all or part of their investment.

Information on risk factors can be found in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our 2023 Annual Report. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we did not issue any securities that were either (a) unregistered pursuant to the Securities Act or (b) not previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

Not applicable.

Use of Proceeds of Registered Securities

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

ITEM 5. Other Information

None

ITEM 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

FILED

INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

EXHIBIT NUMBER

DESCRIPTION

WITH
THIS

FORM 10-Q

FILING

DATE

WITH SEC

FORM

EXH #

HYPERLINK TO FILINGS

4.1

Voting Agreement, dated August 15, 2024, between Ainos, Inc. and Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation

8/20/2024

SC 13D/A

Voting Agreement, dated August 15, 2024, between Ainos, Inc. and Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation

10.1

English Translation of Second Addendum to the Product Development Agreement, dated July 8, 2024

7/12/2024

8-K

10.1

Convertible Promissory Note, dated as of May 3, 2024, issued by Ainos, Inc. in favor of ASE Test, Inc. in the principal amount of US$9,000,000.

10.2

Patent License Agreement, dated August 6, 2024, by and between Ainos, Inc. and Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation.

8/9/2024

8-K

10.1

Patent License Agreement, dated August 6, 2024, by and between Ainos, Inc. and Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation.

10.3

English Translation of Third Addendum to Product Development Agreement, dated October 16, 2024

10/22/2024

8-K

10.1

English Translation of Third Addendum to Product Development Agreement, dated October 16, 2024

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification Of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002

32.2

Certification Of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002

100

XBRL – Related Documents

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104.1

Cover Page Interactive Data File

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AINOS, INC.

Date: November 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Chun-Hsien Tsai
		Chun-Hsien Tsai, Chairman of the Board, President, and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Hsin-Liang Lee
		Hsin-Liang Lee, Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Chun-Hsien Tsai, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Ainos, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2024	/s/ Chun-Hsien Tsai
	Chun-Hsien Tsai, Principal Executive Officer
	(Chairman of the Board, President, and Chief Executive Officer)

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Hsin-Liang Lee, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Ainos, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 6, 2024	/s/ Hsin-Liang Lee
	Hsin-Liang Lee, Principal Financial Officer
	(Chief Financial Officer)

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ainos, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacity and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.

	AINOS, INC.

Date: November 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Chun-Hsien Tsai
		Chun-Hsien Tsai, Principal Executive Officer
		(Chairman of the Board, President, and Chief Executive Officer)

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.

	AINOS, INC.

Date: November 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Hsin-Liang Lee
		Hsin-Liang Lee, Principal Financial Officer
		(Chief Financial Officer)

Cover - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 06, 2024
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-41461
Entity Registrant Name	AINOS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001014763
Entity Tax Identification Number	75-1974352
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TX
Entity Address, Address Line One	8880 Rio San Diego Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Ste. 800
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92108
City Area Code	(858)
Local Phone Number	869-2986
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		13,838,826
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.01
Common Stock Par Value 0.01 Per Share [Member]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	AIMD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock [Member]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to purchase Common Stock
Trading Symbol	AIMDW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,156,606	$ 1,885,628
Accounts receivable		455
Inventory, net	160,701	167,593
Other current assets	331,898	419,521
Total current assets	5,649,205	2,473,197
Intangible assets, net	24,888,249	28,283,208
Property and equipment, net	649,063	876,572
Other Assets	183,229	208,827
Total assets	31,369,746	31,841,804
Current liabilities:
Contract liabilities	110,142	112,555
Convertible notes payable (including amounts of related party of $2,000,000 and nil as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	3,000,000
Other notes payable, related party	270,000	42,000
Accrued expenses and others current liabilities	750,629	1,182,283
Total current liabilities	4,130,771	1,336,838
Long term liabilities:
Senior secured convertible notes measured at fair value		2,651,556
Convertible notes payable-noncurrent (including amounts of related party of $9,000,000 and $2,000,000 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	9,000,000	3,000,000
Other notes payable, related party-noncurrent		270,000
Other long-term liabilities	216,760	135,829
Total liabilities	13,347,531	7,394,223
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31,2023, respectively;
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31,2023; 13,813,434 and 4,677,787 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	138,134	46,778
Common Shares to be issued 900 shares and 162,337 shares as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	9	1,623
Additional paid-in capital	66,223,783	62,555,808
Accumulated deficit	(48,095,304)	(37,886,155)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss-translation adjustment	(244,407)	(270,473)
Total stockholders’ equity	18,022,215	24,447,581
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 31,369,746	$ 31,841,804

Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable current	$ 3,000,000
Convertible notes payable noncurrent	$ 9,000,000	$ 3,000,000
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	13,813,434	4,677,787
Common stock, shares outstanding	13,813,434	4,677,787
Common stock to be issued	900	162,337
Related Party [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable current	$ 2,000,000
Convertible notes payable noncurrent	$ 9,000,000	$ 2,000,000

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues (including amounts of related party of nil and $21,224 for the three months September 30, 2024 and 2023, and nil and $33,765 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)		$ 24,489	$ 20,729	$ 102,208
Cost of revenues (including amounts of related party of nil and $39,523 for the three months September 30, 2024 and 2023, and nil and $86,158 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	(547)	(87,873)	(52,674)	(244,538)
Gross loss	(547)	(63,384)	(31,945)	(142,330)
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses(including amounts of related party of $385,498 and $135,606 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and $1,147,198 and $287,802 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively)	2,022,244	1,710,265	6,085,648	5,080,335
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,015,758	902,017	3,090,056	2,282,631
Total operating expenses	3,038,002	2,612,282	9,175,704	7,362,966
Loss from operations	(3,038,549)	(2,675,666)	(9,207,649)	(7,505,296)
Non-operating (expenses) income, net
Interest expenses	(264,642)	(44,267)	(432,097)	(93,852)
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value	(169,344)	(260,967)	(308,336)	(260,967)
Fair value change for senior secured convertible note	(177,212)		(275,624)
Other (expenses) income, net	(49,570)	5,054	14,557	14,067
Total non-operating expenses	(660,768)	(300,180)	(1,001,500)	(340,752)
Net loss before income taxes	(3,699,317)	(2,975,846)	(10,209,149)	(7,846,048)
Provision for income taxes
Net loss	$ (3,699,317)	$ (2,975,846)	$ (10,209,149)	$ (7,846,048)
Net loss per common share - basic	$ (0.33)	$ (0.73)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.95)
Net loss per common share - diluted	$ (0.33)	$ (0.73)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.95)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per common share-basic	11,279,220	4,058,413	7,868,997	4,026,756
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per common share-diluted	11,279,220	4,058,413	7,868,997	4,026,756

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Revenues		$ 24,489	$ 20,729	$ 102,208
Cost of revenue	547	87,873	52,674	244,538
Research and development expense	2,022,244	1,710,265	6,085,648	5,080,335
Related Party [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Revenues		21,224		33,765
Cost of revenue		39,523		86,158
Research and development expense	$ 385,498	$ 135,606	$ 1,147,198	$ 287,802

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (3,699,317)	$ (2,975,846)	$ (10,209,149)	$ (7,846,048)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Translation adjustment	135,981	(78,833)	26,066	(122,639)
Comprehensive loss	$ (3,563,336)	$ (3,054,679)	$ (10,183,083)	$ (7,968,687)

Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Common Stock To Be Issued [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 40,023		$ 58,905,242	$ (24,115,606)	$ (201,653)	$ 34,628,006
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	4,002,320
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs	$ 253		(253)
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs, shares	25,306
Share-based compensation			682,833			682,833
Net loss				(7,846,048)		(7,846,048)
Translation adjustment					(122,639)	(122,639)
Warrants issued in connection with senior secured convertible note payable			15,467			15,467
Issuance of stock in exchange of vehicle	$ 122		48,437			48,559
Issuance of stock in exchange of vehicle, shares	12,231
Conversion of convertible notes payable to common stock	$ 187		274,602			274,789
Conversion of convertible notes payable to common stock, shares	18,666
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 40,585		59,926,328	(31,961,654)	(324,292)	27,680,967
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	4,058,523
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 40,585		59,586,019	(28,985,808)	(245,459)	30,395,337
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	4,058,523
Share-based compensation			324,842			324,842
Net loss				(2,975,846)		(2,975,846)
Translation adjustment					(78,833)	(78,833)
Issue warrant to Placement agent			15,467			15,467
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 40,585		59,926,328	(31,961,654)	(324,292)	27,680,967
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2023	4,058,523
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 46,778	$ 1,623	62,555,808	(37,886,155)	(270,473)	24,447,581
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	4,677,787	162,337
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs	$ 4,020	$ 9	(4,029)
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs, shares	401,992	900
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock	$ 30,713		2,410,978			2,441,691
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock, shares	3,071,318
Issue common stock for patent license agreement	$ 55,000		(55,000)
Issue common stock for patent license agreement, shares	5,500,000
Share-based compensation			1,318,868			1,318,868
Net loss				(10,209,149)		(10,209,149)
Translation adjustment					26,066	26,066
Related party used computer equipment			(4,428)			(4,428)
Warrants issued in connection with senior secured convertible note payable			1,586			1,586
Issuance of common stock	$ 1,623	$ (1,623)
Issuance of common stock, shares	162,337	(162,337)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 138,134	$ 9	66,223,783	(48,095,304)	(244,407)	18,022,215
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2024	13,813,434	900
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 73,887	$ 3	65,414,761	(44,395,987)	(380,388)	20,712,276
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024	7,388,674	270
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs	$ 2,680	$ 6	(2,686)
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs, shares	268,028	630
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock	$ 6,567		395,917			402,484
Conversion of senior secured convertible note payable to common stock, shares	656,732
Issue common stock for patent license agreement	$ 55,000		(55,000)
Issue common stock for patent license agreement, shares	5,500,000
Share-based compensation			470,791			470,791
Net loss				(3,699,317)		(3,699,317)
Translation adjustment					135,981	135,981
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 138,134	$ 9	$ 66,223,783	$ (48,095,304)	$ (244,407)	$ 18,022,215
Balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2024	13,813,434	900

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$ (10,209,149)	$ (7,846,048)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,610,387	3,653,746
Loss on inventory write-downs		120,931
Share-based compensation expense	1,318,868	682,833
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value	308,336	260,967
Change in fair value of senior secured convertible note	275,624
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	455	201,384
Inventory	6,892	6,812
Other current assets	87,623	(757)
Accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities	(343,072)	(401,622)
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,944,036)	(3,321,754)
Cash flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(20,423)	(107,867)
Increase in refundable deposits and others	(118,154)	(9,661)
Net cash used in investing activities	(138,577)	(117,528)
Cash flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from convertible notes payable- noncurrent		1,000,000
Proceeds from convertible notes payable- noncurrent, related party	9,000,000	2,000,000
Proceeds from senior secured convertible notes payable	875,000	2,000,000
Repayment of other notes payable, related party	(42,000)	(572,000)
Repayment of senior secured convertible notes payable	(1,439,754)
Repayment of convertible notes payable, related party		(114,026)
Payments of issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value	(97,500)	(290,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	8,295,746	4,023,974
Effect from foreign currency exchange	57,845	(67,091)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	3,270,978	517,601
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	1,885,628	1,853,362
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	5,156,606	2,370,963
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest	3,932	16,897
Noncash financing and investing activities:
Conversion of convertible notes payable to common stock and accrued interest waived by convertible notes holders		274,789
Conversion of senior secured convertible notes to common stock	2,441,691
Issuance of common stocks in exchange of vehicle		48,559
Account payable to purchase equipment		$ 107,867

Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of Business

1. Description of Business

Organization and Business

Underwritten Public Offering

Reverse Stock Splits

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

Liquidity

Segments

Impairment of Intangible Assets

Fair Value Option

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted

No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Inventory

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventory

4. Inventory

Inventory stated at cost, net of reserve, consisted of the following:

Schedule of Inventory

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	88,765	$	92,708
Work in process		1,171		1,208
Finished goods		70,765		73,677
Total	$	160,701	$	167,593

Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable

5. Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the respective notes payable were as follows:

Schedule of Notes Payable

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Other notes payable, related party – current	$	270,000	$	42,000
Other notes payable, related party - noncurrent		-		270,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		-		2,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party –current (ASE Note)		2,000,000		-
March 2025 Convertible Notes – noncurrent (Lee Note)		-		1,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)		1,000,000		-
Senior secured convertible notes payable (Lind Note) - fair value		-		2,651,556
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		9,000,000		-
Notes payable	$	12,270,000	$	5,963,556

May 2027 Convertible Notes and Warrant Purchase Agreement

March 2025 Convertible Notes

Convertible Note Issued to ASE Test, Inc. (the “ASE Note”)

Convertible Note Issued to Li-Kuo Lee (the “Lee Note”)

Senior Secured Convertible Notes Payable

Stockholders’ Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

6. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Warrants

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, warrants issued and outstanding in connection with financing are summarized as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In number of shares)	2024		2023
ASE Warrant with exercise price $4.5		500,000		-
Lind Warrant with exercise price from $2.16 to $4.50		1,201,944		691,244
Public warrant with exercise price of $21.25		179,400		179,400
Representative’s warrant with exercise price of $23.375		7,800		7,800
Placement agent warrant with exercise price of $8.25		20,666		16,000
Total		1,909,810		894,444

In addition, the warrant issued by the Company to i2China in 2020 in exchange for consulting services is accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (see Note 8).

As of September 30, 2024, none of the warrants have been exercised nor have expired.

Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]

Revenue

7. Revenue

Return Allowances

Variable consideration

Share-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation

8. Share-Based Compensation

2023 Stock Incentive Plan

2021 Stock Incentive Plan

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units

	2024					2023
	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested balance at January 1		954,306		$	4.39		160,000		$	12.08
RSUs granted		-		$	-		-		$	-
RSUs vested		(133,964	)	$	5.74		(5,866	)	$	55.50
RSUs forfeited		(5,950	)	$	3.46		(7,600	)	$	7.15
Unvested balance at March 31		814,392		$	4.18		146,534		$	10.60
RSUs granted		-			-		-			-
RSUs vested		-			-		(20,220	)	$	6.69
RSUs forfeited		(4,410	)	$	4.16		(6,970	)	$	6.38
Unvested balance at June 30		809,982		$	4.18		119,344		$	11.51
RSUs granted		946,432		$	0.53		870,200		$	3.46
RSUs vested		(268,028	)	$	1.91		-			-
RSUs forfeited		(8,400	)	$	3.46		(8,220	)	$	3.92
Unvested balance at September 30		1,479,986		$	2.26		981,324		$	4.43

Stock Options and Warrants

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

Net Loss per Common Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Common Share

10. Net Loss per Common Share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		11,279,220			4,058,413			7,868,997			4,026,756
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.30	)	$	(1.95	)

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because they would be anti-dilutive:

	2024		2023		2024		2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Option and RSUs to purchase common stock		1,487,318		988,656		1,487,318		988,656
Warrants to purchase to common stock		1,915,844		664,730		1,915,844		664,730
Convertible note to purchase common stock		2,480,565		1,329,709		2,480,565		1,329,709
Total potential shares		5,883,727		2,983,095		5,883,727		2,983,095

Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions

11. Related Party Transactions

The following is a summary of related party transactions that met our disclosure threshold:

Working Capital Advances

Purchase and Sales

Ainos COVID-19 Test Kits Sales and Marketing Agreement with Ainos KY

Manufacturing Service Agreement with TNCT for the VELDONA Pet cytoprotein supplements

COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits Sales

Product Co-development Agreement

Patent license agreement

Miscellaneous

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

13. Subsequent Events

Related Party Transaction

Extend agreements

Repayment of note payable (the “KY Note”)

On October 7, 2024, the company has repaid the remaining note payable principal amount of $270,000 with accrued interest to Ainos KY, the controlling shareholder of the Company.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter, the year ending December 31, 2024, or any other period. There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures as of the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on various factors, including historical experience, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, when these carrying values are not readily available from other sources. Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of stock option, warrants and convertible notes measured at fair value, and impairment testing of intangible assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Liquidity	Liquidity As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,156,606. The Company plans to finance its operations and development needs with its existing cash and cash equivalents, additional equity and/or debt financing arrangements, to support the Company’s clinical trial activities, largely in connection with Ainos Flora and human related VELDONA therapeutics. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, on a timely basis, or at all. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company generated a net loss of $10,209,149. The Company expects to continue incurring development expenses for the next twelve months as the Company advances Ainos Flora and VELDONA therapeutics for humans through clinical development until regulatory approval is received and the sales and marketing of the products is authorized. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net operating losses since inception and has an accumulated deficit as of September 30, 2024 of $48,095,304 and expects to incur additional losses and negative operating cash flows for at least the next twelve months. The Company’s ability to meet its obligations is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and future financing transactions.
Segments	Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s CODM. The CODM reviews financial information prepared on the basis of accounting policy disclosed in its annual financial statement for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance of the Company. As such, the Company has determined that it operates as one operating segment.
Impairment of Intangible Assets	Impairment of Intangible Assets The Company reviews its definite-lived intangibles and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. When such events occur, management determines whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the carrying value of the asset or asset group. If impairment exists, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. No impairment of definite-lived intangible and long-lived assets was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Fair Value Option	Fair Value Option ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments, provides a fair value option (the “FVO”) election that allows companies an irrevocable election to use fair value as the initial and subsequent accounting measurement attribute for certain financial assets and liabilities. ASC 825-10 permits entities to elect to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an ongoing basis. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the FVO has been elected are reported in earnings, except for the effect of changes in own credit, which are recognized in other comprehensive income/loss. The decision to elect the FVO is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis, must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to ASC 825-10 are required to be reported separately from those instruments measured using another accounting method. The Company elected to account for the senior secured convertible notes issued to Lind Global Fund II LP (the “Lind Note”) using FVO, which allows for valuing the Lind Note at fair value in its entirety versus bifurcation of the embedded derivatives (see Note 5). The fair value of the Lind Note is determined using a binomial lattice valuation model, which is widely used for valuing convertible notes. The significant assumptions used in the model is volatility of the Company’s common stock. If different assumptions are used, the fair value of the convertible notes and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. A significant increase in the volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in a significantly higher fair value; and a significant decrease in volatility would result in a significantly lower fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (the “ASU”) 2016-13 (the “ASU 2016-13”), Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued in June 2016. The new standard changes the accounting for credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments, including trade receivables and contract assets that are not measured at fair value through net income. Under legacy standards, the Company recognizes an impairment of receivables when it was probable that a loss had been incurred. Under the new standard pursuant to ASU 2016-13, the Company is required to recognize estimated credit losses expected to occur over the estimated life or remaining contractual life of an asset (which includes losses that may be incurred in future periods) using a broader range of information including reasonable and supportable forecasts about future economic conditions. The guidance is effective for smaller reporting companies (the “SRC”) as defined by the SEC for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosure. On January 1, 2023, the Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 (the “ASU 2020-06”), Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. ASU 2020-06 as issued by FASB in August 2020 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is effective for SRC’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s early adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted	Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective has had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Inventory (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory

Inventory stated at cost, net of reserve, consisted of the following:

Schedule of Inventory

	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	88,765	$	92,708
Work in process		1,171		1,208
Finished goods		70,765		73,677
Total	$	160,701	$	167,593

Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notes Payable

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the respective notes payable were as follows:

Schedule of Notes Payable

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Other notes payable, related party – current	$	270,000	$	42,000
Other notes payable, related party - noncurrent		-		270,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		-		2,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes, related party –current (ASE Note)		2,000,000		-
March 2025 Convertible Notes – noncurrent (Lee Note)		-		1,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)		1,000,000		-
Senior secured convertible notes payable (Lind Note) - fair value		-		2,651,556
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		9,000,000		-
Notes payable	$	12,270,000	$	5,963,556

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, warrants issued and outstanding in connection with financing are summarized as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In number of shares)	2024		2023
ASE Warrant with exercise price $4.5		500,000		-
Lind Warrant with exercise price from $2.16 to $4.50		1,201,944		691,244
Public warrant with exercise price of $21.25		179,400		179,400
Representative’s warrant with exercise price of $23.375		7,800		7,800
Placement agent warrant with exercise price of $8.25		20,666		16,000
Total		1,909,810		894,444

Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units

	2024					2023
	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested balance at January 1		954,306		$	4.39		160,000		$	12.08
RSUs granted		-		$	-		-		$	-
RSUs vested		(133,964	)	$	5.74		(5,866	)	$	55.50
RSUs forfeited		(5,950	)	$	3.46		(7,600	)	$	7.15
Unvested balance at March 31		814,392		$	4.18		146,534		$	10.60
RSUs granted		-			-		-			-
RSUs vested		-			-		(20,220	)	$	6.69
RSUs forfeited		(4,410	)	$	4.16		(6,970	)	$	6.38
Unvested balance at June 30		809,982		$	4.18		119,344		$	11.51
RSUs granted		946,432		$	0.53		870,200		$	3.46
RSUs vested		(268,028	)	$	1.91		-			-
RSUs forfeited		(8,400	)	$	3.46		(8,220	)	$	3.92
Unvested balance at September 30		1,479,986		$	2.26		981,324		$	4.43

Net Loss per Common Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(3,699,317	)	$	(2,975,846	)	$	(10,209,149	)	$	(7,846,048	)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		11,279,220			4,058,413			7,868,997			4,026,756
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.30	)	$	(1.95	)

Schedule of Computations of Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding because they would be anti-dilutive:

	2024		2023		2024		2023
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Option and RSUs to purchase common stock		1,487,318		988,656		1,487,318		988,656
Warrants to purchase to common stock		1,915,844		664,730		1,915,844		664,730
Convertible note to purchase common stock		2,480,565		1,329,709		2,480,565		1,329,709
Total potential shares		5,883,727		2,983,095		5,883,727		2,983,095

Description of Business (Details Narrative) - $ / shares	Dec. 14, 2023	May 16, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 27, 2023
Nasdaq's minimum price per share					$ 1.00
Common stock, par value			$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock [Member]
Reverse stock split	1-for-5	1-for-15 reverse stock split

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,156,606		$ 5,156,606		$ 1,885,628
Net loss	(3,699,317)	$ (2,975,846)	(10,209,149)	$ (7,846,048)
Accumulated deficit	(48,095,304)		(48,095,304)		$ (37,886,155)
Impairment of intangible assets, definite-lived	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details Narrative)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 TWD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 TWD ($)
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash FDIC insured amount	$ 250,000
Excess of FDIC insured limits	230,115		$ 1,557,487
Cash CDIC insured amount	$ 94,750	$ 3,000,000
Excess of CDIC insured limits		$ 4,557,900		$ 0

Schedule of Inventory (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 88,765	$ 92,708
Work in process	1,171	1,208
Finished goods	70,765	73,677
Total	$ 160,701	$ 167,593

Inventory (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Inventory (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Inventory write-downs net realizable values		$ 63,457		$ 120,931

Schedule of Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Other notes payable, related party – current	$ 270,000	$ 42,000
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)	9,000,000	3,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)	3,000,000
Senior secured convertible notes payable (Lind Note) - fair value		2,651,556
Notes payable	12,270,000	5,963,556
Senior Secured Convertible Notes [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Senior secured convertible notes payable (Lind Note) - fair value		2,651,556
Related Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Other notes payable, related party – current	270,000	42,000
Other notes payable, related party - noncurrent		270,000
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)	9,000,000	2,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)	2,000,000
Related Party [Member] \| March 2025 Convertible Notes [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		2,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)	2,000,000
Related Party [Member] \| May 2027 Convertible Notes [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)	9,000,000
Nonrelated Party [Member] \| March 2025 Convertible Notes One [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
May 2027 Convertible Notes, related party – noncurrent (ASE Note)		1,000,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes –current (Lee Note)	$ 1,000,000

Convertible Notes Payable and Other Notes Payable (Details Narrative) - USD ($)								1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2024	May 03, 2024	Jan. 23, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 25, 2023	Aug. 17, 2023	Mar. 13, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Aug. 16, 2024
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Outstanding debt amount				$ 42,000					$ 270,000		$ 270,000		$ 42,000
Warrants issued				894,444					1,909,810		1,909,810		894,444
Proceeds from convertible notes payable												$ 1,000,000
Remaining principal amount				$ 5,963,556					$ 12,270,000		12,270,000		$ 5,963,556
Fair value change for senior secured convertible note									(177,212)		(275,624)
Issuance cost of senior secured convertible note measured at fair value									$ (169,344)	(260,967)	$ (308,336)	(260,967)
Lind Global Fund II LP [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Conversion price per share							$ 7.50
Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Issuance of convertible promissory notes, percentage		6.00%
Increased funding amount		$ 9,000,000
Conversion price per share		$ 0.01
Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants shares of common stock		500,000
Shares issued, price per share		$ 4.50
Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Common Stock [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants shares of common stock		500,000
KY Note [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from notes payable								$ 800,000
Repayments of notes payable													530,000
Maturity date						Mar. 31, 2025
i2China Note [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage									1.85%		1.85%
Outstanding debt amount														$ 42,000
March 2025 Convertible Notes [Member] \| Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreements [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable							$ 3,000,000
ASE Note [Member] \| Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreements [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable							2,000,000
Tranche one							1,000,000
Tranche two							500,000
Tranche three							$ 500,000
Lee Note [Member] \| Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreements [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage							6.00%
Conversion price per share							$ 7.50
Convertible notes payable							$ 1,000,000
Maturity date							two years from the issuance dates
Interest expense									$ 185,078	$ 41,227	$ 349,292	$ 86,151
Unpaid accrued interest expense				138,939					$ 484,635		$ 484,635		138,939
Senior Secured Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Lind Global Fund II LP [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Maturity date					Mar. 28, 2025
Increased funding amount			$ 875,000
Convertible notes payable				$ 3,540,000									$ 3,540,000
Aggregate principal amount					$ 10,000,000
Warrants issued			1,021,400	691,244									691,244
Warrants exercise price			$ 2.16	$ 4.50									$ 4.50
Conversion amount is cash				$ 3,000,000
Convertible notes payable additional funding				$ 7,000,000.0									$ 7,000,000.0
Proceeds from convertible notes payable			$ 1,750,000
AmendedInitial Note [Member] \| Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] \| Lind Global Fund II LP [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable			$ 4,235,000
Lind Financing [Member] \| Director [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Shares issued, price per share	$ 0.588
Remaining principal amount	$ 1,670,000
Prepaid cash	1,439,754
Notes issued	$ 224,842
Shares issued	382,384

Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding (Details) - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	1,909,810	894,444
ASE Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	500,000
Lind Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	1,201,944	691,244
Public Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	179,400	179,400
Representative Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	7,800	7,800
Placement Agent Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Total	20,666	16,000

Schedule of Warrants Issued and Outstanding (Details) (Parenthetical)	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares
ASE Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	$ 4.5
Lind Warrant [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	2.16
Lind Warrant [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	4.50
Public Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	21.25
Representative Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	23.375
Placement Agent Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price	$ 8.25

Stockholders’ Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	May 03, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 27, 2023	Nov. 26, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000			50,000,000	50,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock shares issued	0	0			0
Preferred stock shares outstanding	0	0			0
Common stock shares issued	13,813,434	13,813,434			4,677,787
Common stock shares outstanding	13,813,434	13,813,434			4,677,787
Warrants expired		0
Placement Agent Warrant [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Warrant issued	20,666	20,666
Exercise price	$ 8.25	$ 8.25
Warrants contractual term	5 years	5 years
Fair value of warrants		$ 21,479
Private Warrant [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Warrants contractual term	5 years	5 years
Common Stock [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Conversion of note payable to common stock, shares	656,732	3,071,318
Issuance of stock to settle vested RSUs	268,028	401,992	25,306
Issuance of common stock for patent license agreement, shares	5,500,000	5,500,000
Common Stock [Member] \| Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Warrant issued				500,000
Price per share, exercisable				$ 4.50

Revenue (Details Narrative)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]
Contract liabilities

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning	809,982	814,392	954,306	119,344	146,534	160,000
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Beginning	$ 4.18	$ 4.18	$ 4.39	$ 11.51	$ 10.60	$ 12.08
Number of Shares, RSUs granted	946,432			870,200
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, RSUs granted	$ 0.53			$ 3.46
Number of Shares, RSUs vested	(268,028)		(133,964)		(20,220)	(5,866)
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, RSUs vested	$ 1.91		$ 5.74		$ 6.69	$ 55.50
Number of Shares, RSUs forfeited	(8,400)	(4,410)	(5,950)	(8,220)	(6,970)	(7,600)
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, RSUs forfeited	$ 3.46	$ 4.16	$ 3.46	$ 3.92	$ 6.38	$ 7.15
Number of Shares, Ending	1,479,986	809,982	814,392	981,324	119,344	146,534
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share, Ending	$ 2.26	$ 4.18	$ 4.18	$ 4.43	$ 11.51	$ 10.60

Share-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Share-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jul. 19, 2024	Jun. 14, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate number of shares granted					946,432	871,075
Number of warrants outstanding	7,332		7,332
Shared-based compensation expense	$ 470,791	$ 324,842	$ 1,318,868	$ 682,833
Warrant [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, grants in period, gross	0	0	0	0
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, forfeitures and expirations in period	0	0	0	0
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period	0	0	0	0
Number of warrants outstanding	6,034		6,034
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding	0		0
2023 Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate number of shares granted	1,816,632		1,816,632
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, stock options and warrants	$ 2,461,580		$ 2,461,580
Weighted-average period in years			1 year 10 months 9 days

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (3,699,317)	$ (2,975,846)	$ (10,209,149)	$ (7,846,048)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	11,279,220	4,058,413	7,868,997	4,026,756
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	11,279,220	4,058,413	7,868,997	4,026,756
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	$ (0.33)	$ (0.73)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.95)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$ (0.33)	$ (0.73)	$ (1.30)	$ (1.95)

Schedule of Computations of Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potential shares	5,883,727	2,983,095	5,883,727	2,983,095
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potential shares	1,487,318	988,656	1,487,318	988,656
Warrant [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potential shares	1,915,844	664,730	1,915,844	664,730
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potential shares	2,480,565	1,329,709	2,480,565	1,329,709

Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 06, 2024	Aug. 05, 2024
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Unpaid accrued interest expenses	$ 389,437		$ 389,437		$ 87,632
Cost of revenue	547	$ 87,873	52,674	$ 244,538
Revenues		24,489	20,729	102,208
Development expenses incurred	2,022,244	1,710,265	6,085,648	5,080,335
Research and development expense		12,377		51,721
COVID 19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits Sales [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenues		21,224		33,765
Manufacturing Service Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Incurred costs		39,523		39,523
Manufacturing Service Agreement [Member] \| COVID 19 Antigen Rapid Test Kits Sales [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts payable					323
Accounts receivable	16,785		16,785		27,208
Product Co Development Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Development expenses incurred	98,823	135,606	290,661	287,802
Advance payment			33,830		26,511
Product Co Development Agreement [Member] \| Patents [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Non exclusive use of patents fee	286,675		$ 856,537
Product Co Development Agreement [Member] \| Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation [Member] \| Patents [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Non exclusive use of patents fee	$ 95,000
Indirect tax rate	5.00%		5.00%
Patent License Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Voting interest percentage						62.80%
Patent License Agreement [Member] \| Taiwan Carbon Nano Technology Corporation [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Voting interest percentage							38.00%
Issuance of common stock							5,500,000
Related Party [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest expense incurred related party	$ 168,950	26,103	$ 301,805	52,944
Cost of revenue		39,523		86,158
Accounts receivable
Revenues		21,224		33,765
Development expenses incurred	385,498	135,606	1,147,198	287,802
Related Party [Member] \| Sales and Marketing Agreement [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cost of revenue				$ 46,635

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contract liabilities from distribution channels	$ 110,142	$ 112,555

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Oct. 16, 2024	Oct. 07, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Remaining note payable principal amount			$ 12,270,000	$ 5,963,556
Subsequent Event [Member] \| KY Note [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Remaining note payable principal amount		$ 270,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Extend Agreements [Member] \| Patents [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Exclusive use of patents fee	$ 50,000
Indirect tax rate	500.00%

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