CNBX CNBX Pharmaceuticals Inc (PK)

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Our Business:

We are a pre-clinical-stage, platform technology biopharmaceutical company which has developed proprietary innovative medicines in areas of significant unmet medical needs in oncology, with a current focus on colorectal cancer ("CRC"). Our drug candidate under development for colon cancer is RCC-33, a first-in-class therapy being developed primarily in two settings: one to reduce tumor cell activity in colon cancer patients as a standalone in neoadjuvant treatment or "window of opportunity" at the time after colonoscopy, prior to cancer staging; and another for patients with refractory to therapy and adjuvant to surgery also at the time after colonoscopy. The Company hopes to start first in human Phase I/II clinical trials in 2023. Neoadjuvant treatment is the administration of a therapy before the surgical treatment to improve patient outcome, and our business strategy is to advance our programs through clinical studies including with partners, and to opportunistically add programs in areas of high unmet medical needs through acquisition, collaboration, or internal development.

General

We are an early-stage pharmaceutical company primarily focused on the development of novel oncological therapies. We are currently preparing to launch our first in human Phase I/II (a) clinical study in 2023, for the evaluation of our lead drug candidate RCC-33 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Our activities are centered around our biological laboratory facilities located in Rehovot Israel, where our scientific team leads our research and development efforts.

Our core activities consist of:

Our current business model is to undertake an FDA regulatory pathway for each of the new drug candidates under IND (Investigational New Drug) classification and complete a successful Phase I/II(a) clinical study (toxicity and proof of concept in humans). In reaching this milestone, where an initial feasibility in humans was demonstrated, the company will have gained several commercial opportunities for capitalizing on each such product candidate, including entering into commercial agreements with larger pharma corporations. Accordingly, we do not engage in any commercial manufacturing, distribution, or sales of products, nor is it foreseeable to expect that we will in the near future.

Development pipeline

RCC-33: colorectal cancer treatment drug candidate:

Our flagship product under development, RCC-33, is an antitumor drug candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancer, which is the 3^rd most diagnosed and 2^nd most lethal of all cancers, with approximately 2 million new cases being diagnosed annually worldwide and a current market estimated at $12 billion, and which is expected to reach $17 billion by 2027.

The RCC-33 proprietary formula consists of a specific synthetic cannabinoid molecular composition that has demonstrated the potential to reduce colorectal cancer tumor volume by over 30% in repeated in-vivo studies performed.

Overview

Cancer and Cannabinoids

Cancer is a general term used to describe a group of more than 100 related diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, leading to the development of a mass commonly known as a tumor, followed by invasion of the surrounding tissues and subsequent spread, or metastasis, to other parts of the body. Despite enormous investment in research and the introduction of new treatments, cancer remains a critical area of unmet medical need. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. As of January 1, 2019, there were more than 16.9 million people with a history of cancer living in the United States, with 1.8 million new cases and 606,520 cancer deaths expected in 2020 (Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2020).

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic value of cannabinoid compounds in oncology. Cannabis has long been suggested as a well-tolerated, safe, and effective option to help patients cope with cancer related symptoms by reducing nausea and vomiting, alleviating cancer pain, stimulating appetite, and improving quality of life. Beyond their palliative benefits, however, cannabinoids have also been receiving increased attention for their anti-cancer potential, which we believe may one day revolutionize cancer therapy.

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that occur naturally within cannabis plants and are pharmacologically similar to cannabinoids produced by the human body, known as endocannabinoids. Endocannabinoids form part of the human endocannabinoid system (“ECS”), a complex biological network that also includes cannabinoid receptors and enzymes involved in cannabinoid formation, transport, and degradation. The ECS is regarded as an important endogenous system implicated in regulation of the most vital biological processes to maintain homeostasis, assisting the body to remain stable and balanced despite external, or environmental, fluctuations (Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016;22(12):1756-1766).

Dysregulation of the ECS owing to variation in the expression and function of cannabinoid receptors or enzymes or the concentration of endocannabinoids has been associated with several diseases, including cancer (Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020;21(3):747). Indeed, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the ECS as well as the processes that it regulates include practically every pathway important in cancer biology. Expression of the ECS is altered in numerous types of tumors, compared to healthy tissue, and this aberrant expression has been related to cancer prognosis and disease outcome, depending on the origin of the cancer (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology, 2018;175(13):2566-2580). Recent studies suggest that endocannabinoids contribute to maintaining balance in cell proliferation and that targeting the ECS can affect cancer growth (Source: Canadian Urological Association Journal, 2017;11(3-4):E138-E142).

Cannabinoids can interact with the cannabinoid receptors in the ECS, sometimes with a higher affinity than endocannabinoids. As a consequence, all the processes regulated by endocannabinoids are susceptible to interference by cannabinoids. The ability to use cannabinoids to modulate the ECS encompasses several attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets for systemic anti-cancer treatment and has sparked considerable research examining cannabinoid action on cancer cells (Source: Pharmacological Reviews, 2006;58(3):389-462).

Cannabinoids have demonstrated selective anti-tumor properties in preclinical studies, exerting anti-proliferative, proapoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory effects depending on tumor type and specific setting (Source: Cancer Medicine, 2018:7(3):765-775). These effects appear to be more pronounced when cannabinoids are used together versus being administered separately, a mechanism known as the entourage effect. We believe, therefore, that cannabinoid combinations may hold promise for an improved anti-proliferative strategy for cancer management.

In addition to their potential role as anti-cancer agents, cannabinoids have been observed to act synergistically with some conventional antineoplastic drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, enhancing their effectiveness (Source: Cancer Medicine, 2018;7(3)765-775). This raises the potential for combinational therapies that may increase the range of chemotherapeutic options available to patients and enable targeting of tumor progression at different levels while also permitting dosages of cytotoxic drugs to be dramatically reduced without compromising efficacy.

Figure 1: Synergistic effects of cannabis extracts and chemotherapies on cancer biopsy after treatment with the same extract and three different chemotherapy combinations

As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any cannabinoid-based therapies approved for the treatment of cancer.

Our lead product candidate is RCC-33, which we are developing as a treatment for CRC. RCC-33 is an oral capsule containing a proprietary formulation of cannabinoids that have demonstrated synergistic efficacy in reducing the viability of human colon cancer cell lines in preclinical studies.

Colorectal Cancer

CRC is one of the more common forms of cancer worldwide, representing a significant challenge to the global healthcare system. According to the World Health Organization, CRC is the third most diagnosed cancer in the world and the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In the United States, there were approximately 1,348,087 people living with CRC in 2017 (Source: National Cancer Institute. “Cancer Stat Facts: Colorectal Cancer”). It is estimated that 147,950 Americans will be diagnosed with CRC in 2020, representing 8.2% of all new cancer cases, and 53,200 Americans will die from the disease (Source: American Cancer Society. “Cancer Facts & Figures 2020”).

Most CRCs begin as a noncancerous growth called a polyp that develops on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. The most common kind of polyp is called an adenomatous polyp or adenoma. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated one-third to one-half of all individuals will eventually develop one or more adenomas. Although all adenomas have the capacity to become cancerous, fewer than 10% are estimated to progress to invasive cancer. The likelihood that an adenoma will evolve into cancer increases as it becomes larger or when it acquires certain histopathological characteristics. Adenomas that become cancerous, called adenocarcinomas, comprise nearly 96% of all CRCs (Source: American Cancer Society. “Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2017-2019”). Adenocarcinomas may grow into blood vessels or lymph vessels, increasing the chance of metastasis to other anatomical sites.

CRC usually develops slowly, over a period of 10 to 20 years. The complex sequence of events occurring during initiation, development and propagation of adenocarcinomas is likely the result of a lifelong accumulation of mutations caused by both genetic and environmental factors known as the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. While the specific cause of any particular case of CRC is often unknown, more than one-half of all cases and deaths are attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors, such as smoking, unhealthy diet, high alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and excess body weight (Source: American Cancer Society. “Cancer Facts & Figures 2020”).

CRC does not usually cause symptoms until the disease is advanced, therefore early detection of adenomas by screening is vital. If not treated or removed, an adenoma can become a potentially life-threatening cancer.

Current Standard of Care

Treatment options for CRC patients depend on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, possible side effects, and the patient’s preferences and overall health. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most common form of treatment, particularly in the early stages of malignancy. Patients with more advanced stages of CRC may be given adjuvant chemotherapy to kill any cancer cells remaining after surgery, though standard chemotherapy is associated with severe side effects and provides marginal benefit to the majority of patients. While radiation therapy is often used to treat rectal cancer, it is not generally recommended for colon cancer patients except in the later stages of the disease (Source: American Cancer Society. “Treating Colorectal Cancer”).

CRC is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical, molecular, and pathophysiological characteristics. As a result, the response to treatment is variable between patients, even when they are diagnosed at the same clinical stage. Such heterogeneity remains an obstacle to the optimization of treatment for each individual. Researchers are continuing to investigate new treatment options, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, that focus upon the genes, proteins, and other factors in a particular tumor (Source: American Cancer Society. “Advances in Colorectal Research”).

Immunotherapy uses the body’s own immune system to kill cancer cells. There are already several FDA-approved immunotherapy options for CRC, such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), and ipilimumab (Yervoy®). Many immunotherapies that have shown promise in addressing other types of cancer are also being tested for CRC. While immunotherapy has had some encouraging results, significant limitations remain. Its efficacy is often unpredictable, and the treatment can lead to the body becoming resistant or result in off-target toxicities where the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue. Immunotherapy may take longer than other protocols and it is substantially more expensive than classical treatments (Source: Pharmacy & Therapeutics, 2017;42(8):514-521).

Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules inside cancer cells or on their surface to slow the growth of cancer, destroy cancer cells, and relieve cancer symptoms. There are different types of targeted therapy drugs, each working differently depending on what molecule the drug is targeting. A treatment is chosen based on the types of molecules expressed on the patient’s tumor cells, which allows doctors to tailor cancer treatment for each person. Several targeted therapy drugs, such as bevacizumab (Avasin®) and cetuximab (Erbitux®), are already used to treat advanced CRC. Despite showing clinical promise, targeted therapy has challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity, off-target toxicity, and acquired resistance (Source: Medical Research Journal, 2019;4(2):99-105). The lack of biomarkers by which to identify patients having a high probability of response is also a particularly significant obstacle. As with immunotherapy, the cost of targeted therapy is substantially higher than classical treatments.

We believe that there is no “magic bullet” to cure cancer and that a personalized combination of cancer treatments may be the best course for long term survival benefits in each case. To that end, the development of more prevention strategies and novel agents will be essential.

Cannabinoids and Colorectal Cancer

One area of increasing interest in the treatment of CRC lies in the development and use of cannabinoid therapeutics. The ECS is regarded as an important regulatory system in the gastrointestinal tract, being involved in several important functions such as motility, secretion, sensation, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Recent studies advocate that the ECS plays a critical role in the development of CRC and should therefore be considered as an appropriate target for CRC inhibition (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2016;7:361). The expression of ECS components in CRC has been found to be increased and associated with poorer prognosis and advanced stages of disease (Source: Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2018, 3(1):272-281). For example, cannabinoid receptors have been found to be overexpressed in tumor cells of the colon and this up-regulation has been postulated to be an indicator of cancer outcome (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology, 2018; 175(13): 2566-2580).

Research on the effects of cannabinoid compounds on CRC has demonstrated an ability to reduce the viability of CRC cell lines in vitro (Source: Cancer Medicine, 2018;7(3):765-775), while there is also convincing scientific evidence that cannabinoids are able to prevent or reduce carcinogenesis in different animal models of colon cancer (Source: Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 11:10, 871-873).

We believe that cannabinoids are a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of CRC. We have conducted several in vitro unpublished studies using our bioinformatics platform to confirm that cannabinoids cause necrosis in colon cancer cells. While many cannabinoids demonstrate levels of toxicity on cancer cells, we have found that certain cannabinoid extracts and combinations show increased levels of toxicity relative to other isolated or combined cannabinoids. These findings have spurred the development of RCC-33, our product candidate for the treatment of CRC.

Figure 2: Synergistic effects of different cannabinoid combinations on viability of a colon cancer cell line.

RCC-33

We are developing RCC-33 as an oral capsule containing high concentrations of the cannabinoids CBDV and CBGA in a novel formulation, which we believe may be effective in the treatment of adenocarcinomas of the colon. The cannabinoids in RCC-33 have demonstrated complex synergistic anti-tumor effects in combination, with no psychoactive effect. In our preclinical in vitro studies evaluating the influence of 15 different cannabinoids on human colon cancer cell lines (RKO, HCT116), alone and in combination, RCC-33 demonstrated clear efficacy in reducing the viability of colon cancer cells versus alternative cannabinoid combinations.

Figure 3:

Development Plan

We are currently in the early planning stage of a clinical development pathway for RCC-33. We plan to conduct further preclinical studies to establish the safety and efficacy of RCC-33 before proceeding with first-in-human clinical testing.

Preclinical Studies

We plan to conduct non-clinical safety studies following Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) to evaluate the systemic and local toxicity of escalating doses of RCC-33 and establish dosing parameters. The results of these preclinical studies, which are expected in the second quarter of 2022, will guide our planned Phase I/II(a) clinical trial. The non-clinical requirements to support the development program will be verified with the FDA at a pre-IND meeting. Such studies may include repeated dose toxicity studies, male and female fertility studies, embryofetal development studies, animal abuse related studies, pharmacokinetics studies, drug-drug interaction studies, and others.

Clinical Trials

We plan to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of RCC-33 in a Phase I/II(a) ascending dose clinical trial in CRC patients, commencing in the first quarter 2023. The clinical trial will examine the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of multiple doses of RCC-33 in CRC patients. We are currently identifying potential contract research organizations and clinical trial centers to conduct the Phase I/II(a) human proof of concept study, which is estimated to cost $6,500,000. As of the date of this filing, however, the Company does not have sufficient funds to complete the Phase I/II(a) study.

Subject to the results from our Phase I trials, we plan to submit an IND to the FDA for RCC-33 with the clinical protocol for a Phase II double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial evaluating RCC-33 in patients with CRC at various dosing levels versus placebo. The outcomes from the planned Phase II human proof of concept trial will inform our decision regarding further steps in the clinical development of RCC-33.

Our Pipeline

In addition to RCC-33, our colorectal cancer treatment drug candidate, the company has several other drug candidates under development, including PLP-33 for the local treatment of Lateral Spreading, or Sessile, colorectal polyps during colonoscopy, BRST-33 for the treatment of breast cancer, MLN-33 for the treatment of Melanoma and PRST-33 for the treatment of prostate cancer. These additional drug candidates are in the early stage of development and the company expects to complete the in-vivo research for each product by end of 2022. (see Fig. 1). Further to that, and based on the company’s drug discovery expertise and facilities, the company has recently begun initial drug discovery efforts for using psychedelic inspired molecules in the field of neuropsychiatric diseases, and is currently evaluating the development of two such drug candidates Np-01 and NP-02. (see Fig. 1)

Figure 4

Product lines currently not actively developed:

The company has several product lines that are currently not being actively developed following company’s decision to focus its resources and attention exclusively on the development of its FDA route drug candidates described above. The product lines not actively developed include:

Cannbics SR (alleviate) for the treatment of cancer related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS)

Cannabics SR is a lipid-based capsule containing a standardized formulation of cannabinoids that we are developing as a product candidate for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (“CACS”).

Cannabics CDx (evaluate) Drug Sensitivity Test

Cannabics CDx is an ex-vivo drug sensitivity test under development to provide healthcare providers with clinical decision support data from which they can identify, for a particular cancer patient undergoing cannabinoid therapy, which cannabinoids or cannabinoid combinations may have the most beneficial anti-cancer effects, and which cannabinoids may be contraindicated.

Both Cannabics SR and Cannabics CDx are products that are still in the development phase. The company’s decision to not actively develop these products at this time is driven primarily by the company’s decision to focus its resources and attention on the development of company’s cancer treatment drug candidates, and the initial evaluation of potential neuropsychiatric indications as per the development pipeline outlined in Figure 4.

Company may revisit this decision at a later stage after launching the first in human clinical studies for the validation of its colorectal cancer treatment drug candidate RCC-33.

Market opportunity for cancer treatment drug candidates:

Neoadjuvant therapy:

According to the National Cancer Institute, Neoadjuvant Therapy is a "treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery”.

Figure 5

Limitations:

* “nCRT increases ITGH and may result in the expansion of resistant tumor cell populations in residual tumors”.

Frontiers in Oncology. 2019

The Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer—The Impact in Intratumoral Heterogeneity.

Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy not only can reduce tumor size and recurrence, but also increase the tumor resection rate and anus retention rate with very slight side effect. Comparing with preoperative chemotherapy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy can further reduce the local recurrence rate and downstage. Middle and low rectal cancers can benefit more from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy than high rectal cancer.

Figure 6

Neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer

In early breast cancer, surgery is the mainstay of curative treatment. Complementary local radiotherapy and systemic - adjuvant endocrine therapy or chemotherapy treatments are associated with the aim of reducing the risk of relapse according to the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor. However, the possibility of administering these therapies prior to surgery in neoadjuvant setting offers several advantages:

Figure 6. Asco Guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer

According to ASCO guidelines most of the patients are eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and are the end consumers of BRST-33, while the current treatment regimen negates severe side effects.

Side effects and risks of standard of care:

Cannabinoid Neoadjuvant Therapy

For some time now, the FDA has promoted clinical studies on Cannabinoids as a growing range of stakeholders has expressed interest in development of drugs that contain cannabis and compounds found in cannabis. Recent legislative changes have also opened new opportunities for medical cannabis clinical research. As this body of research progresses and grows, the FDA is working to support drug development in this emerging scientific arena.

RCC-33 & BRST-33 – Potential safe drugs improving rectal and breast cancer neoadjuvant standard of care

RCC-33 & BRST-33 anticipated advantage over standard of care:

Outsourced GMP manufacturing and commercial operation

Outsourced GMP manufacturing

Our current position is that all of our Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) required for the approval process of our drug candidates is to be outsourced. The RCC-33 formulation, as well as all additional drug candidates in our pipeline, while inspired by natural molecules, could consist only of formulations made from chemically synthesized molecules, or APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Our Company is not engaged in the development of any botanical or botanically based product/s. Additionally, in view of our upcoming submission of a pre-IND meeting request with the FDA, the Company has entered an agreement with Purisys, a supplier of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) grade APIs suited for Clinical Stage Products. Purisys is a large and long-established US corporation with a long track record of working with the FDA. Accordingly, under said agreement, Purisys will also support CNBX throughout an IND filing process, including providing all necessary and related information concerning CMC in the form of a comprehensive technical package to be presented to the FDA. APIs supplied under said agreement will be used by Company in Phase I/II (a) clinical studies that it is planning to launch in 2023.

Commercial Operations

We have not established a sales, marketing, or product distribution infrastructure. We plan to commercialize any drugs we develop through licensing arrangements and strategic partnerships with established companies in the pharmaceutical industry having strong marketing capabilities and distribution networks. We generally intend to advance our drug candidates through Phase I and Phase II clinical trials as appropriate in order to establish their clinical and commercial potential before negotiating the terms of any licensing or collaboration. We believe that this approach will achieve the fullest marketing and distribution potential of any drugs or other products that we may develop in the short term.

Core activities

Drug Discovery

Conduct all screening and pre-clinical research at in-house state of the art laboratory facilities

Our Research and Development

We aim to treat a wide scope of cancers both as the main treatment and as a conjugate to conventional chemotherapy. We believe a significant need remains for novel drugs for patients who do not respond to existing therapies or for whom these therapies bear undesirable side effects. We recognize the potential therapeutic applications of the synergistic effects of these active compounds thus building the methodology and procedures that decipher specific ratios of active compounds in regard to their antitumor activity.

Our government licensed laboratory operates a unique, custom designed and built research and development laboratory which combines high throughput screening, (HTS) capabilities with the most advanced data tools allowing us to enable miniaturization and automation of a variety of biological assays. The automated system is comprised of:

Readouts generated from these instruments provide us with insights to the effect of our cannabinoid library on parameters such as, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, angiogenesis prevention and toxicity on cancerous cells.

These experiments will produce multiplexed data composed of images of cells, cell specific markers and the extent/signal of the biological response. The biological response will be measured using different concentration of cannabinoids and their combinations, thus determining the most effective cannabinoid treatment for a specific cancer type.

In Vitro Studies – Drug Screening

We have a proprietary procedure of high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS) for the detection of correlations between cannabinoid ratios, dosages and anti-tumor activity using a growing library of human cancer cell lines and creating an enlarged variety of Cannabis-based compounds. We examine the biological activity of these compounds on tumor cell lines of distinct tissue lineage and creating a highly valuable therapeutic data. We Screen for the most potent cannabinoid combination matrix to reveal their biological impact on a library of cancer cell lines. The HTS technology enables us to gain this data base in a faster manner and to reveal more mechanisms of action that are related to the genetics of the cancer. We are now in the process of merging our data with sophisticated data mining to help find meaningful insights of both treatment and outcome.

Our core technology is a continuously evolving bioinformatics platform that utilizes high-throughput screening technology, advanced data analytics, and proprietary methodologies to rapidly examine the physiologic effect of multiple cannabinoid compounds on tumor cells. This technology enables us to screen thousands of cannabinoid combinations, generating multiple datasets on the anti-tumor properties of different cannabinoid formulations and ratios. We conduct a broad range of preclinical research on cannabinoids through our bioinformatics platform, which informs the development of our product drug candidates.

Figure 7

We have developed a continuously evolving preclinical bioinformatics platform that enables us to evaluate and classify the physiological impact of multiple cannabinoid compounds on various cancer cells. Utilizing state-of-the-art high-throughput screening and flow cytometry, our platform is capable of testing thousands of compounds, allowing us to rapidly and effectively examine their interactions with a growing library of human cancer cell lines and biopsies. Through the large body of data generated by our platform, we are accumulating in-depth knowledge of the various therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and patterns of cannabinoid ratios that demonstrate meaningful physiologic impact on cancer.

Our bioinformatics platform includes the following:

Once a series of potentially active cannabinoids is identified for a specific cancer type, we then test and confirm their activity through in vitro and ex-vivo evaluation studies to determine their potential activity. Through this process, we are able to assess their therapeutic potential. The results of our pre-clinical experiments provide starting points for our clinical development programs.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends in significant part on our ability to protect the proprietary nature of our Product Prospects, technology and know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others; and to defend challenges and oppositions from others and prevent others from infringing on our proprietary rights, including our provisional patents described below.

We plan to continue to seek patent protection in the United States and other countries for our proprietary technologies. To date, our intellectual property portfolio includes three provisional patents, filed with the USPTO, related to our line of activity (pharmaceutical formulations; drug delivery; therapeutic uses of cannabinoids and other cannabis compounds and personalized cannabinoid diagnostics), as well as know-how and trade secrets. A full list of our IP applications in all countries can be found in our Annual 10-K filing of November 29^th 2021 at page 14.

Results of Operations

For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2021 and 2020

Operating Expenses

For the three months ended November 30, 2021, our total operating expenses were $1,110,349 compared to $659,732 for the three months ended November 30, 2020, resulting in an increase of $450,617. The increase is attributable to an increase of $448,034 in general administration expenses due to the board share based expenses of $425,737.

We incurred a financial loss of $212,670 for the three months ended November 30, 2021, compared to financial income of $4,965 for the three months ended November 30, 2020. The increase in financial expense was mainly attributable to revaluation of a convertible loan of $196,768. As a result, the net loss was $1,323,020 for the three months ended November 30, 2021, compared to $654,767 for the three months ended November 30, 2020.

Net loss

Net loss increased by $668,253 to $1,323,020 for the three months ended November 30, 2021, compared to a net loss of $654,767 for the three months ended November 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

As of November 30, 2021, we had $786,414 in cash compared to $1,386,472 on November 30, 2021. We expect to incur a minimum of $1,000,000 in expenses during the next twelve months of operations. We estimate that these expenses will be comprised primarily of general expenses including overhead, legal and accounting fees, research and development expenses, and fees payable to outside medical centers for clinical studies.

Liquidity and Capital Resources during the Three Months Ended November 30, 2021 compared to the Three Months Ended November 30, 2020

We used cash in operations of $599,545 for the three months ended November 30, 2021, compared to cash used in operations of $592,637 for the three months ended November 30, 2020. The negative cash flow from operating activities for the three months ended November 30, 2021, is primarily attributable to the Company's net loss of $1,323,020, an increase in accounts payables and accrued liabilities of $22,944 and a decrease of $26,203 in account receivables and prepaid expenses, depreciation of $51,823, convertible loan valuation of $196,768 and shares based payment of $425,737

We had cash flow from investing activities of $513 during the three months ended November 30, 2021, compared to $943 cash flow from investing activities for the three months ended November 30, 2020. The reason for the decrease in cash flow from investing activities is primarily due to the purchase of fixed assets in an aggregate amount of $513, for the period ended November 30, 2021, comparing to purchase of fixed assets in an aggregate amount of $943, for the period ended November 30, 2020

We will have to raise funds to pay for our expenses. We may have to borrow money from shareholders, issue equity or enter into a strategic arrangement with a third party. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available to us. We currently have no arrangements or understandings with any person to obtain funds through bank loans, lines of credit or any other sources. Since we have no such arrangements or plans currently in effect, our inability to raise funds for our operations will have a severe negative impact on our ability to remain a viable company.

Going Concern

Due to the uncertainty of our ability to meet our current operating and capital expenses, our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph in their report on the audited financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2021, regarding concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements contain additional note disclosures describing the circumstances that lead to this disclosure by our independent auditors.

Our unaudited financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to generate profitable operations in the future and/or to obtain the necessary financing to meet our obligations and repay our liabilities arising from normal business operations when they become due. The outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with any certainty at this time and raise substantial doubt that we will be able to continue as a going concern. Our unaudited financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amount and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

There is no assurance that our operations will be profitable. Our continued existence and plans for future growth depend on our ability to obtain the additional capital necessary to operate either through the generation of revenue or the issuance of additional debt or equity.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We continue to monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable in the circumstances; however, actual results may differ from these estimates under different future conditions.

See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2021, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed on November 29, 2021, for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.