SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
6-K
REPORT
OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT
TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-163
UNDER
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
the month of September 2024
Alterity
Therapeutics Limited
(Name
of Registrant)
Level 14, 350 Collins Street,
Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
(Address
of Principal Executive Office)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form
20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐
This
Form 6-K is being incorporated by reference into our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Files No. 333-251073, 333-248980
and 333-228671) and our
Registration Statements on Form F-3 (Files No. 333-274816, 333-251647, 333-231417
and 333-250076)
ALTERITY
THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
(a
development stage enterprise)
The
following exhibits are submitted:
SIGNATURE
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| |
Alterity Therapeutics Limited |
| |
|
|
| |
By: |
/s/ Geoffrey P. Kempler |
| |
|
Geoffrey P. Kempler |
| |
|
Chairman |
Date:
September 26, 2024
2
Exhibit 99.1
Alterity Therapeutics Limited
ACN 080 699 065
Annual report – June 30, 2024
CONTENTS
CHAIRMAN’S LETTER
Dear Shareholders,
I am excited to present the Alterity Therapeutics’
Annual Report as we made tremendous progress over the last year.
MSA Program Hits Several Key Milestones
We currently have three programs ongoing targeting
the rare, parkinsonian disorder known as Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). MSA is an extremely debilitating disease with no approved treatments
to address the underlying condition. Our team is looking to change that paradigm in a truly meaningful way.
First, we started our MSA program by running a natural
history study with our esteemed colleagues at Vanderbilt University in the U.S. This study is concluding and we are analyzing the trajectory
of disease severity in the enrolled patients to garner a deeper understanding of MSA on multiple levels including key biomarkers, MRI
data, and clinical outcomes. Impressively, as we announced in May 2024, the team has utilized machine learning (a form of artificial intelligence)
to optimize specialized MRI methods for measuring brain iron and brain volumes with precision. With the use of this technology, the team
has developed a novel imaging biomarker to assess brain volume in MSA affected regions. The bioMUSE data showed a statistically significant
increase in iron over 12 months in the substantia nigra, and statistically significant decreases in brain volume observed in affected
regions at 12 months. These findings, alongside additional biomarker data presented during the year have informed both of our Phase 2
clinical trials to ensure that we are enrolling the right patients who may receive the most benefit from our lead asset, ATH434.
ATH434 is currently in two Phase 2 clinical trials
in MSA in both early and more advanced patients. This approach will provide data on patients with differing levels of severity as we look
to advance the asset into pivotal trials.
Our key Phase 2 study is a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 77 adults with early-stage MSA known as ATH434-201. In November 2023, we announced completion of
enrollment in this study and in May 2024 the Independent Data Monitoring Committee completed its third prespecified review of unblinded
clinical trial data. Consistent with the first two reviews, the DMC expressed no concerns about safety and recommended that the study
continue as planned without modification. This recommendation is important for a chronic treatment as participants are able to safely
tolerate ATH434 as their time on study increases. The ATH434-201 trial remains on track and is expected to be completed in November 2024
with topline data expected in January 2025.
Subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, we reported
positive interim data from our open-label biomarker trial in MSA patients with more advanced disease, known as ATH434-202. After six months
of treatment, 43% of participants showed improvement on the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS), indicating reduced disability on activities
of daily living. Over the same period, 29% of participants had stable or improved neurological symptoms (clinical responders) as assessed
by the global impression of change by both the treating physician and the patient. Importantly, the clinical responders on average had
reduced accumulation of iron on MRI in key brain regions including the substantia nigra, putamen and globus pallidus, as well as stable
levels of Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL), a marker of neuronal injury, when compared to participants who declined. While these preliminary
findings are in a small number of patients, we are extremely encouraged by these early results.
Promising Non-Clinical Data in Parkinson’s Disease
We remain excited about the data we reported in December
2023 showing for the first time that ATH434 can reduce Parkinson’s symptoms in a higher order animal, the monkey, with symptoms
that closely parallel human disease. The data showed that the improvements in motor skills and general functioning were associated with
reductions in iron in affected brain regions, validating the approach we are using in our ongoing clinical trials. The data from this
study improve our ability to predict clinical outcomes and increases our confidence level in our ongoing Phase 2 clinical trials in Multiple
System Atrophy
Maintaining a Strong Presence at Medical and Scientific
Meetings
During the year, we made multiple data presentations
at prominent scientific meetings on ATH434, the bioMUSE study, and our clinical trials. These included the annual meetings for the American
Academy of Neurology (AAN), the American Autonomic Society (AAS), the Society for Neuroscience, and the International Congress of Parkinson’s
Disease and Movement Disorders (MDS). These events continue to generate excitement about ATH434 within the medical and scientific community
about the approach we are taking to treat Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.
Looking Ahead
We have an exciting year ahead particularly with the
topline data expected from both of our Phase 2 clinical programs.
On behalf of the Board of Directors, I would like
to extend our gratitude to the Alterity team and to the individuals who have participated in our development programs. I would also thank
our shareholders for their continued support as we remain committed to creating an alternative future for people living with neurodegenerative
diseases.
Sincerely,
Geoffrey Kempler
Chairman and Founder
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION
12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13
OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION
13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to
__________
OR
☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION
13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
___________
Commission file number 000-49843
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter
and translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Australia
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Level 14, 350 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC
3000, Australia
(Address of principal executive offices)
David Stamler, Chief Executive Officer
Level 14, 350 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC
3000, Australia
+61 3 9349 4906 (phone)
(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number
and address of company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
|
Trading Symbol |
|
Name of each exchange on which registered |
| American Depositary Shares, each representing 600 Ordinary Shares |
|
ATHE |
|
NASDAQ Capital Market |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s
classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Ordinary Shares, as of June 30, 2024 5,245,115,318
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer,
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check
mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant
required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,”
“accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ |
Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Emerging growth company ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer ☒ |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements
in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard”
refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on
and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act,
indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to
previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements
that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during
the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has
used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| U.S. GAAP ☐ |
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ |
Other ☐ |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous
question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
This Annual Report on Form 20-F is incorporated by reference into our
Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-228671, 333-248980 and 333-251073) and our Registration Statements on Form F-3 (File
Nos. 333-274816, 333-250076 and 333-251647).
INTRODUCTION
Alterity Therapeutics Limited (formerly Prana Biotechnology
Limited) was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia on November 11, 1997. Our mission is to develop therapeutic
drugs designed to treat neurogenerative diseases, currently focusing on Parkinsonian and other movement disorders.
The principal listing of our ordinary shares and
listed options to purchase our ordinary shares is on the Australian Securities Exchange, or ASX. Since September 5, 2002, our American
Depository Shares, or ADSs, have traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “PRAN.” On April 8, 2019, we changed
our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited and our ADSs have traded under the symbol “ATHE” since that date. The Bank of New
York, acting as depositary, issues American Depository Receipts, or ADRs, each of which evidences an ADS, which in turn represents 600
of our ordinary shares. As used in this annual report, the terms “we,” “us,” “our”, “the Company”,
“the Group” and “Alterity” mean Alterity Therapeutics Limited and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated.
Our consolidated financial statements appearing
in this annual report are prepared in Australian dollars and in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS,
as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB and Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards
as issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board.
Australian Disclosure Requirements
Our ordinary shares are primarily quoted on the
Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”) in addition to our listing of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Capital Market. As part of our
ASX listing, we are required to comply with various disclosure requirements as set out under the Australian Corporations Act 2001 and
the ASX Listing Rules. Information furnished under the sub-heading “Australian Disclosure Requirements” is intended
to comply with the ASX Listing Rules and Corporations Act 2001 disclosure requirements and is not intended to fulfill information
required by this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
In this annual report, all references to “U.S.
dollars” or “U.S.$” are to the currency of the United States, and all references to “Australian dollars”
or “A$” are to the currency of Australia.
Statements made in this annual report concerning
the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of such contracts, agreements or documents and are not complete
descriptions of all of their terms. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to this annual report or to any registration statement
or annual report that we previously filed, you may read the document itself for a complete description of its terms.
Forward-Looking Statements
Except for the historical information contained
in this annual report, the statements contained in this annual report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning
of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange
Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, with respect to our business, financial condition and results
of operations. Such forward-looking statements reflect our current view with respect to future events and financial results. We urge you
to consider that statements which use the terms “anticipate,” “believe,” “do not believe,” “expect,”
“plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
We remind readers that forward-looking statements are merely predictions and therefore inherently subject to uncertainties and other factors
and involve known and unknown risks that could cause the actual results, performance, levels of activity, or our achievements, or industry
results, to be materially different from any future results, performance, levels of activity, or our achievements expressed or implied
by such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak
only as of the date hereof. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we undertake no
obligation to publicly release any update or revision to any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, future events or circumstances,
or otherwise after the date hereof. We have attempted to identify significant uncertainties and other factors affecting forward-looking
statements in the Risk Factors section that appears in Item 3.D. “Key Information-Risk Factors.”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
| B. |
Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not applicable.
| C. |
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not applicable.
Investing in our securities involves a high
degree of risk and uncertainty. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before investing in our securities.
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
In that case, the daily price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. These risk factors include:
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition
| ● | We
have a history of operating losses and our management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern and our auditor has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its
audit report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. |
| ● | We
will need additional funding to operate our business; such funding may not be available or, if it is available, such financing is likely
to substantially dilute our existing shareholders. |
Risks Related to Our Business
| ● | We
are a development stage company engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products and our success in uncertain. |
| ● | We
rely on research institutions to conduct our clinical trials and we may not be able to secure and maintain research institutions to conduct
our future trials. The institutions that we work with have their own limits and procedures that will influence or limit our ability to
conduct research and development and the conduct of clinical trials. |
| ● | We
are faced with uncertainties related to our research. |
| ● | Clinical
trials as they relate to our business are expensive and time consuming and their outcome is uncertain. |
| ● | We
may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our business and operations. |
| ● | We
may not be able to complete the development of our products candidates or develop other pharmaceutical products. |
| ● | We
may need to prioritise the development of our most promising candidates at the expense of the development of other products. |
| ● | Our
research and development efforts will be seriously jeopardised if we are unable to retain key personnel and cultivate key academic and
scientific collaborations. |
| ● | If
we are unable to successfully keep pace with technological change or with the advances of our competitors, our technology and products
may become obsolete or non-competitive. |
| ● | Acceptance
of our products in the marketplace is uncertain and failure to achieve market acceptance will negatively impact our business and operations. |
| ● | We
have limited large scale manufacturing experience with our product candidates. Delays in manufacturing sufficient quantities
of such materials to the required standards for non-clinical and clinical development may negatively impact our business and operations. |
| ● | The
failure to establish sales, marketing and distribution capability would materially impair our ability to successfully market and sell
our pharmaceutical products. |
| ● | If
healthcare insurers and other organisations do not pay for our products, or impose limits on reimbursement, our future business may suffer. |
| ● | We
may be exposed to product liability claims, which could harm our business. |
| ● | Breaches
of network or information technology security, natural disasters or terrorist attacks could have an adverse effect on our business. |
Risks Related to Government Regulation
| ● | If
we do not obtain the necessary governmental approvals, we will be unable to develop or commercialise our pharmaceutical products. |
| ● | We
will not be able to commercialise any current or future product candidates if we fail to adequately demonstrate their safety and efficacy. |
| ● | Positive
results in previous clinical trials of product candidates may not be replicated in future clinical trials, which could result in development
delays or a failure to obtain marketing approval. |
| ● | Even
if approved, any product candidates that we or our subsidiaries may develop and market may be later withdrawn from the market or subject
to promotional limitations. |
| ● | Healthcare
reform measures and other statutory or regulatory changes could adversely affect our business. |
| ● | We
could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. |
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
| ● | Our
success depends upon our ability to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technology, to operate without infringing the
proprietary rights of third parties and to obtain marketing exclusivity for our products and technologies. |
| ● | We
may face difficulties in certain jurisdictions in protecting our intellectual property rights, which may diminish the value of our intellectual
property rights in those jurisdictions. |
| ● | Intellectual
property rights do not address all potential threats to our competitive advantage. |
| ● | Changes
in patent laws or patent jurisprudence could diminish the value of our patents, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products
or product candidates. |
| ● | Confidentiality
agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of our trade secrets and protect our other proprietary information. |
Risks Related to Our Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
| ● | We
may fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, which could adversely affect our operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price
of our ordinary shares and ADSs. |
| ● | Material
weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures could negatively affect shareholder and customer confidence. |
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
| ● | Our
stock price may be volatile and the trading markets for our securities is limited. |
| ● | Ownership
interest in our company may be further diluted as a result of additional financings. |
| ● | There
is a substantial risk that we are a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, to some U.S. investors which will subject those investors
to adverse tax rules |
| ● | We
do not anticipate paying dividends on our ordinary shares. |
| ● | Currency
fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our securities. |
| ● | If
we fail to maintain compliance with NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements, our shares may be delisted from the NASDAQ Capital
Market. |
Risks Related to Our Location in Australia
| ● | It
may be difficult to enforce a judgment in the United States against us and our officers and directors or to assert U.S. securities laws
claims in Australia or serve process on our officers and directors. |
| ● | As
a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, we may follow certain home country corporate governance
practices instead of certain NASDAQ requirements. |
| ● | We
currently do not have a majority of independent directors serving on our Board of Directors, which may afford less protection to our
shareholders than if our Board of Directors had a majority of independent directors. |
| |
● |
Australian takeovers laws may discourage takeover offers being made for us or may discourage the acquisition of large numbers of our ordinary shares. |
| |
● |
Our Constitution and other Australian laws and regulations applicable to us may adversely affect our ability to take actions that could be beneficial to our shareholders. |
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition
We have a history of operating losses and our
management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and our auditor has included
an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its audit report for the fiscal year ended June 30,
2024.
We have not sufficiently advanced the development
of any of our product candidates to market or generate revenues from their commercial application and have incurred losses in every period
since we began operations in 1997 and reported net losses of A$19,123,464, A$13,806,515 and A$12,847,061 during the fiscal years ended
June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 respectively. As of June 30, 2024, our accumulated deficit was A$214,161,131. We expect to continue incurring
losses into the foreseeable future and will need to raise additional capital to continue the development of our planned research and development
programs, and as a result, this creates a material uncertainty that casts significant doubt (or raises substantial doubt as contemplated
by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) standards) on our ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore,
that we may be unable to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business. Our actual cash requirements
may vary materially from those now planned and will depend upon numerous factors, including:
| ● | the
continued progress of our research and development programs; |
| ● | the
timing, scope, results and costs of nonclinical studies and clinical trials; |
| ● | the
cost, timing and outcome of regulatory submissions and approvals; |
| ● | determinations
as to the commercial potential of our product candidates; |
| ● | our
ability to successfully expand our contract manufacturing activities, |
| ● | the
cost of corporate overheads, including listed fees; |
| ● | our
ability to establish and maintain collaborative arrangements; and |
| ● | the
status and timing of competitive developments. |
If we fail to generate revenue and eventually become
and remain profitable, or if we are unable to fund our continuing losses, our shareholders could lose all or part of their investments.
We will need additional funding to operate our
business; such funding may not be available or, if it is available, such financing is likely to substantially dilute our existing shareholders.
During the year ended June 30, 2024 we raised A$10,144,682
from the sale of our ordinary shares. We will need to secure additional financing in order to continue to meet our longer-term business
objectives, including advancement of our research and development programs and we may also require additional funds to pursue regulatory
clearances, defend our intellectual property rights, establish commercial scale manufacturing facilities, develop marketing and sales
capabilities and fund operating expenses. We intend to seek such additional funding through public or private financings and/or through
licensing of our assets or strategic alliances or other arrangements with corporate partners.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product
revenue to finance our cash requirements, which we may never achieve, we expect to finance our cash needs primarily through public or
private equity offerings, debt financings or through strategic alliances. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available
on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of,
or eliminate one or more of our clinical trials, collaborative research or development programs or future commercialisation initiatives.
In addition, any additional funding that we do obtain will dilute the ownership held by our existing security holders. The amount of this
dilution may be substantially increased if the trading price of our shares is lower at the time of any financing. Regardless, the economic
dilution to shareholders will be significant if our stock price does not increase significantly, or if the effective price of any sale
is below the price paid by a particular shareholder. Any debt financing could involve substantial restrictions on activities and creditors
could seek a pledge of some or all of our assets. We have not identified potential sources for the additional financing that we will require,
and we do not have commitments from any third parties to provide any future financing. If we fail to obtain additional funding as needed,
we may be forced to cease or scale back operations, and our results, financial condition and stock price would be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Business
We rely on research institutions to conduct
our clinical trials and we may not be able to secure and maintain research institutions to conduct our future trials. The institutions
that we work with have their own limits and procedures that may influence or limit our ability to conduct research and development and
the conduct of clinical trials.
Our reliance upon research institutions, including
public and private hospitals and clinics, provides us with less control over the timing and cost of clinical trials, clinical study management
personnel and the ability to recruit subjects. If we are unable to reach agreements with suitable research institutions on acceptable
terms, or if any resulting agreement is terminated, we may be unable to secure, maintain or quickly replace the research institution with
another qualified institution on acceptable terms.
We are faced with uncertainties related to our
research.
Our research programs are based on scientific hypotheses
and experimental approaches that may not lead to desired results. In addition, the timeframe for obtaining proof of principle and other
results may be considerably longer than originally anticipated, or may not be possible given time, resource, financial, strategic and
collaborator scientific constraints. Success in one stage of testing is not necessarily an indication that a particular program will succeed
in later stages of testing and development. It is not possible to predict whether any of the candidate products designed for these programs
will prove to be safe, effective, and suitable for human use. Each candidate product will require additional research and development,
scale-up, formulation and extensive clinical testing in humans. Unsatisfactory results obtained from any of these activities relating
to a program may cause us to abandon our commitment to that program or product candidate being tested. The discovery of toxicities, lack
of sufficient efficacy, unacceptable pharmacology, inability to increase scale of manufacture, market attractiveness, regulatory hurdles,
competition, as well as other factors, may make our targets, lead therapies or product candidates unattractive for further development
or unsuitable for human use, and we may abandon our commitment to that program, target, or product candidate.
Clinical trials as they relate to our business
are expensive and time consuming and their outcome is uncertain.
In order to obtain approvals to market a new drug
product, we or our potential partners must demonstrate proof of safety and efficacy in humans. To meet these requirements, we or our potential
partners will have to conduct extensive non-clinical testing and “adequate and well-controlled” clinical trials. Conducting
clinical trials is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process. The length of time may vary substantially according to the type, complexity,
novelty and intended use of the product candidate, and often can be several years or more per trial. Even if we obtain positive results
from such non-clinical or initial clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials. Clinical trials may not demonstrate
adequate safety or sufficient effectiveness to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for product candidates employing our technology.
The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate safety and efficacy for a particular desired indication could harm development of that product
candidate for other indications as well as other product candidates.
We expect to commence new clinical trials from
time to time as our product development work continues. Any change in, or termination of, our clinical trials could materially harm our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may experience delays in our clinical trials
that could adversely affect our business and operations.
We do not know whether planned clinical trials
will begin on time or whether we will complete any of our clinical trials on schedule or at all. Our ability to commence and complete
clinical trials may be delayed by many factors, including:
| ● | government
or regulatory delays, including delays in obtaining approvals from applicable hospital ethics committees and internal review boards; |
| ● | slower
than expected patient enrollment; |
| ● | our
inability to manufacture sufficient quantities of our new proprietary compound or our other product candidates or matching controls; |
| ● | unforeseen
safety issues; or |
| ● | lack
of efficacy or unacceptable toxicity during the clinical trials or non-clinical studies. |
Patient enrollment is a function of, among other
things, the nature of the clinical trial protocol, the existence of competing protocols, the size and longevity of the target patient
population, and the availability of patients who comply with the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. Delays in planned patient
enrollment may result in increased costs, delays or termination of the clinical trials. Moreover, we rely on third parties such as clinical
research organisations to assist us in clinical trial management functions including; clinical trial database management, statistical
analyses, site management and monitoring. Any failure by these third parties to perform under their agreements with us may cause the trials
to be delayed or result in a failure to complete the trials.
If we experience delays in testing or approvals
or if we need to perform more, larger or more complex clinical trials than planned, our product development costs will likely increase.
Significant delays could adversely affect the commercial prospects of our product candidates and our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
We may not be able to complete the development
of our product candidates or develop other pharmaceutical products.
We may not be able to progress with the development
of our current or any future pharmaceutical product candidates to a stage that will attract a suitable collaborative partner for the development
of any current or future pharmaceutical product candidates. The projects initially specified in connection with any such collaboration
and any associated funding may change or be discontinued as a result of changing interests of either the collaborator or us, and any such
change may change the budget for the projects under the collaboration. Additionally, our research may not lead to the discovery of additional
product candidates, and any of our current and future product candidates may not be successfully developed, prove to be safe and efficacious
in clinical trials, meet applicable regulatory standards and receive regulatory approval, be capable of being produced in commercial quantities
at reasonable costs, or be successfully or profitably marketed, either by us or a collaborative partner. The products we develop may not
be able to penetrate the potential market for a particular therapy or indication or gain market acceptance among health care providers,
patients and third-party payers. We cannot predict if or when the development of our current product candidates or any future product
candidates will be completed or commercialised, whether funded by us, as part of a collaboration or through a grant.
We may need to prioritise the development of
our most promising candidates at the expense of the development of other products.
We may need to prioritise the allocation of development
resources and/or funds towards what we believe to be our most promising candidate product or products. The nature of the drug development
process is such that there is a constant availability of new information and data which could positively or adversely affect a product
in development. We cannot predict how such new information and data may impact in the future the prioritisation of the development of
our current or future product candidates or that any of our products, regardless of its development stage or the investment of time and
funds in its development, will continue to be funded or developed.
Our research and development efforts will be
seriously jeopardised if we are unable to retain key personnel and cultivate key academic and scientific collaborations.
Our future success depends to a large extent on
the continued services of our senior management and key scientific personnel. We have entered into employment or consultancy agreements
with these individuals. The loss of their services could negatively affect our business. Competition among biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies for qualified employees is intense, including competition from larger companies with greater resources, and we may not be able
to continue to attract and retain qualified management, technical and scientific personnel critical to our success. Our success is highly
dependent on our ability to develop and maintain important relationships with leading academic institutions and scientists who conduct
research at our request or assist us in formulating our research and development strategies. These academic and scientific collaborators
are not our employees and may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability
to us. In addition, these collaborators may have arrangements with other companies to assist such companies in developing technologies
that may prove competitive to ours.
If we are unable to successfully keep pace with
technological change or with the advances of our competitors, our technology and products may become obsolete or non-competitive.
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
are subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our competitors are numerous and include major pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology
firms, universities and other research institutions. These competitors may develop technologies and products that are more effective than
any that we are developing, or which would render our technology and products obsolete or non-competitive. Many of these competitors have
greater financial and technical resources and manufacturing and marketing capabilities than we do. In addition, many of our competitors
have much more experience than we do in pre-clinical testing and human clinical trials of new or improved drugs, as well as in obtaining
regulatory approvals.
We know that competitors are developing or manufacturing
various technologies or products for the treatment of diseases that we have targeted for product development. Some of these competitive
products use therapeutic approaches that compete directly with our product candidates. Our ability to further develop our products may
be adversely affected if any of our competitors were to succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for their competitive products sooner
than us.
Acceptance of our products in the marketplace
is uncertain, and failure to achieve market acceptance will negatively impact our business and operations.
Our current or future candidate products may not
achieve market acceptance even if they are approved by regulatory authorities. The degree of market acceptance of such products will depend
on a number of factors, including:
| ● | the
receipt and timing of regulatory approvals for the uses that we are studying; |
| |
● |
the establishment and demonstration to the medical community of the safety, clinical efficacy or cost-effectiveness of our product candidates and their potential advantages over existing therapeutics and technologies; and |
| |
● |
the pricing and reimbursement policies of governments and third-party payors. |
Physicians, patients, payors or the medical community
in general may be unwilling to accept, use or recommend any of our products.
We lack the resources to manufacture any of
our product candidates and rely on collaborators and third party contractors. Delays in manufacturing sufficient quantities of such materials
to the required standards for pre-clinical and clinical trials may negatively impact our business and operations.
We lack the resources to manufacture any of our
product candidates on a clinical or commercial scale and do not currently have, nor do we plan to acquire the infrastructure or capability
internally to manufacture our clinical drug supplies for use in the conduct of our clinical trials. We rely on collaborators and/or third
parties for development, scale-up, formulation, optimisation, management of clinical trial and commercial scale manufacturing and commercialisation.
There are no assurances we can scale-up, formulate or manufacture any product candidate in sufficient quantities with acceptable specifications
for the conduct of our clinical trials or for the regulatory agencies to grant approval of such product candidate. We have not yet commercialized
any products and have no commercial manufacturing experience. To be successful, our products must be properly formulated, scalable, stable
and safely manufactured in clinical trial and commercial quantities in compliance with good manufacturing practices (“GMP”)
and other regulatory requirements and at acceptable costs. Should any of our suppliers or our collaborators be unable to supply or be
delayed in supplying us with sufficient supplies, no assurance can be given that we will be able to find alternative means of supply in
a short period of time. Should such parties’ operations suffer a material adverse event, the manufacturing of our products would
also be adversely affected. Furthermore, key raw materials could become scarce or unavailable. We may not be able to meet specifications
previously established for product candidates during scale-up and manufacturing.
There may be a limited number of third parties
who can manufacture our products. Our reliance on third parties to manufacture our product candidates will expose us and our partners
to risks including the following, any of which could delay or prevent the commercialisation of our products, result in higher costs, or
deprive us of potential product revenue:
| ● | Contract
manufacturers can encounter difficulties in achieving the scale-up, optimisation, formulation, or volume production of a compound as
well as maintaining quality control with appropriate quality assurance. They may also experience shortages of qualified personnel. Contract
manufacturers are required to undergo a satisfactory GMP inspection prior to regulatory approval and are obliged to operate in accordance
with the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”), International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements
for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (“ICH”), European and other nationally mandated GMP regulations and/or
guidelines governing manufacturing processes, stability testing, record keeping and quality standards. A failure of these contract manufacturers
to follow GMP and to document their adherence to such practices or failure of an inspection by a regulatory agency may lead to significant
delays in the availability of our product candidate materials for clinical study, leading to delays in our trials. |
| ● | For
each of our current product candidates we will initially rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers. Changing these or identifying
future manufacturers may be difficult. Changing manufacturers requires re-validation of the manufacturing processes and procedures in
accordance with FDA, ICH, European and other mandated GMP regulations and/or guidelines. Such re-validation may be costly and time-consuming.
It may be difficult or impossible for us to quickly find replacement manufacturers on acceptable terms, if at all. |
| ● | Our
contract manufacturers may not perform as agreed or may not remain in the contract manufacturing business for the time required to produce,
store and distribute our products successfully. |
The failure to establish sales, marketing and
distribution capability would materially impair our ability to successfully market and sell our pharmaceutical products.
We currently have no experience in marketing, sales
or distribution of pharmaceutical products. If we develop any commercially marketable pharmaceutical products and decide to perform our
own sales and marketing activities, we will require additional management, will need to hire sales and marketing personnel and will require
additional capital. Qualified personnel may not be available in adequate numbers or at a reasonable cost. Further, our sales staff may
not achieve success in their marketing efforts. Alternatively, we may be required to enter into marketing arrangements with other parties
who have established appropriate marketing, sales and distribution capabilities. We may not be able to enter into marketing arrangements
with any marketing partner, or if such arrangements are established, our marketing partners may not be able to commercialise our products
successfully. Other companies offering similar or substitute products may have well-established and well-funded marketing and sales operations
in place that will allow them to market their products more successfully. Failure to establish sufficient marketing capabilities would
materially impair our ability to successfully market and sell our pharmaceutical products.
If healthcare insurers and other organisations
do not pay for the products we hope to develop, or impose limits on reimbursement, our future business may suffer.
The drugs we hope to develop may be rejected by
the marketplace due to many factors, including cost. The continuing efforts of governments, insurance companies, health maintenance organisations
and other payors of healthcare costs to contain or reduce healthcare costs may affect our future revenues and profitability and those
of our potential customers, suppliers and collaborative partners, as well as the availability of capital. In Australia and certain foreign
markets, the pricing or profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals is already subject to government control. We expect initiatives
for similar government control at both the state and federal level to continue in the United States and elsewhere. The adoption of any
such legislative or regulatory proposals could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Our ability to commercially exploit our products
successfully will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the cost of our products and related treatment will be available
from government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other organisations. Third-party payors, such
as government and private health insurers, are increasingly challenging the price of medical products and services. Uncertainty exists
as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products and in foreign markets, including the United States. If third-party
coverage is not available to patients for any of the products we develop, alone or with collaborators, the market acceptance of these
products may be reduced, which may adversely affect our future revenues and profitability. In addition, cost containment legislation and
reductions in government insurance programs may result in lower prices for our products and could materially adversely affect our ability
to operate profitably.
We may be exposed to product liability claims,
which could harm our business.
The testing, marketing and sale of human health
care products also entails an inherent risk of product liability. We may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit development
or commercialisation of our candidate products if we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims. We have historically
obtained no fault compensation insurance for our clinical trials and intend to obtain similar coverage for future clinical trials. Such
coverage may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. This may result in our inability to pursue further clinical
trials or to obtain adequate protection in the event of a successful claim. We may not be able to obtain product liability insurance in
the event of the commercialisation of a candidate product or such insurance may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Even
if we have adequate insurance coverage, product liability claims or recalls could result in negative publicity or force us to devote significant
time, attention and financial resources to those matters.
Breaches of network or information technology
security, natural disasters or terrorist attacks could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our business and operations would suffer
in the event of IT system failures, cybersecurity attacks, data breaches, or vulnerabilities in our or our third-party vendors’
information security program or defenses.
Our business relies upon information technology
systems operated by us and by our third-party service providers. These systems may fail or experience operational disruption, experience
cybersecurity attacks, or be damaged by computer viruses and unauthorized access. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store
and transmit confidential information (including but not limited to intellectual property, proprietary business information and personal
information). It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such confidential information.
If we fail to develop and maintain adequate policies and procedures for the protection of our information technology systems and confidential
and proprietary information, we may be vulnerable to security breaches or disruptions and system breakdowns or other damage or interruptions.
We also have outsourced elements of our operations
to third parties, and as a result we manage a number of third-party vendors and other contractors and consultants who have access to or
store our confidential information. We do not conduct audits or formal evaluations of our third-party vendors’ information technology
systems and cannot be sure that our third-party vendors have sufficient measures in place to ensure the security and integrity of their
information technology systems and our confidential and proprietary information. If our third-party vendors fail to protect their information
technology systems and our confidential and proprietary information, we may be vulnerable to disruptions in service and unauthorized access
to our confidential or proprietary information and we could incur liability and reputational damage and the further development and commercialization
of our product candidates could be delayed.
We have been subject, and will likely continue
to be subject, to attempts to breach the security of our networks and IT infrastructure through cyber-attack, malware, computer viruses
and other means of unauthorised access. However, to date, we have not been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents which, individually
or in the aggregate, resulted in a material impact to our operations or financial condition. We cannot assure you that our data protection
efforts and our investment in information technology will prevent significant breakdowns, data leakages, breaches in our systems or those
of our third-party vendors and other contractors and consultants, or other cyber incidents that could have a material adverse effect upon
our reputation, business, operations or financial condition. Furthermore, cyberattacks and security incidents are expected to accelerate
in both frequency and impact as the use of AI increases and attackers become increasingly sophisticated and utilize tools and techniques
that are designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, and remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.
If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions
in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs, business operations, a breach of sensitive personal
information or a loss or corruption of critical data assets including trade secrets or other proprietary information. For example, the
loss of clinical trial data from future clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase
our costs to recover or reproduce the data. Such IT system failures, cybersecurity attacks or vulnerabilities to our or our third-party
vendors’ information security programs or defenses could result in legal liability, reputational damage, business interruption,
and our competitive position could be harmed and the further development and commercialization of our products or any future products
could be delayed or disrupted. Moreover, containing and remediating any IT system failure, cybersecurity attack or vulnerability may require
significant investment of resources. Furthermore, significant security breaches or disruptions of our internal information technology
systems or those of our third-party vendors and other contractors and consultants could result in the loss, misappropriation and/or unauthorized
access, use, or disclosure of, or the prevention of access to, confidential information (including trade secrets or other intellectual
property, proprietary business information and personal information), which could result in financial, legal, business and reputational
harm to us.
We and the third parties with whom we work are
subject to stringent and evolving U.S. and foreign laws, regulations, rules, contractual obligations, industry standards, policies and
other obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations (or that of the
third parties with whom we work) could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation (including class actions); mass arbitration
demands; fines and penalties; a disruption of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse
business consequences.
In the ordinary course of business, we collect,
receive, store, process, generate, use, transfer, disclose, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, and share (collectively,
“process”) personal data and other sensitive information including proprietary and confidential business data. trade secrets.
intellectual property, data we collect about trial participants in connection with clinical trials. and other sensitive third-party data.
Our data processing activities subject us to numerous data privacy and security obligations. such as various laws, regulations guidance,
industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contractual requirements, and other obligations relating to data
privacy and security.
In the United States, federal, state, and
local governments have enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws. personal data
privacy laws, consumer protection laws (e.g. Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act), and other similar laws (e.g.,
wiretapping laws). For example HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, imposes specific requirements relating to the privacy, security, and
transmission of individually identifiable health information. In the past few years, numerous U.S. states-including California,
Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, and Utah-have enacted comprehensive privacy laws that impose certain obligations on covered
businesses, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their
personal data. As applicable, such rights may include the right to access, correct, or delete certain personal data, and to opt-out
of certain data processing activities, such as targeted advertising, profiling, and automated decision-making. The exercise of these
rights may impact our business and ability to provide our products and services. Certain states also impose stricter requirements
for processing certain personal data, including sensitive information, such as conducting data privacy impact assessments. These
state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018
(“CCPA”) applies to personal data of consumers, business representatives, and employees, and requires businesses to
provide specific disclosures in privacy notices and honor requests of California residents to exercise certain privacy rights. The
CCPA provides for civil penalties of up to $7,500 per violation and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to
recover significant statutory damages. Similar laws are being considered in several other states, as well as at the federal and
local levels, and we expect more states to pass similar laws in the future.
The CCPA and other comprehensive U.S. state privacy
laws exempt some data processed in the context of clinical trials, but these developments may further complicate compliance efforts and
increase legal risk and compliance costs for us and the third parties with whom we work.
Outside the United States, an increasing number
of laws, regulations, and industry standards govern data privacy and security. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection
Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“UK GDPR”)(collectively, “GDPR”), Brazil’s
General Data Protection Law (Lei Geral de Protecão de Dados Pessoais, or “LGPD”) (Law No. 13,709/2018), and China’s
Personal Information Protection Law (“PIPL”) impose strict requirements for processing personal data. For example, under the
GDPR, companies may face temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions, fines of up to 20 million Euros
/ 17.5 million pounds sterling, or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal
data brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests. China’s
PIPL imposes a set of specific obligations on covered businesses in connection with their processing and transfer of personal data and
imposes fines of up to RMB 50 million or 5% of the prior year’s total annual revenue of the violator. In Canada, the Personal Information
Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”) and various related provincial laws, as well as Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation
(“CASL”), may apply to our operations. We may be subject to new and emerging data privacy and security regimes, including
Australia’s Privacy Act China’s Personal Information Protection Law, Japan’s Act on the Protection of Personal Information, and Singapore’s
Personal Data Protection Act.
In the ordinary course of business. we may transfer
personal data from Europe and other jurisdictions to the United States or other countries. Europe and other jurisdictions have enacted
laws requiring data to be localized or limiting the transfer of personal data to other countries. In particular, the European Economic
Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom (“UK”) have significantly restricted the transfer of personal data to the
United States and other countries whose privacy laws it believes are inadequate. Other jurisdictions may adopt similarly stringent interpretations
of their data localization and cross-border data transfer laws. Although there are currently various mechanisms that may be used to transfer
personal data from the EEA and UK to the United States in compliance with law, such as the EEA standard contractual clauses, the UK’s
International Data Transfer Agreement / Addendum, and the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework and the UK extension thereto (which allows for
transfers to relevant U.S.-based organizations who self-certify compliance and participate in the Framework), these mechanisms are subject
to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that we can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal data to the
United States. If there is no lawful manner for us to transfer personal data from the EEA, the UK or other jurisdictions to the United
States, or if the requirements for a legally-compliant transfer are too onerous, we could face significant adverse consequences, including
the interruption or degradation of our operations, the need to relocate part of or all of our business or data processing activities to
other jurisdictions at significant expense, increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines and penalties, the inability to
transfer data and work with partners. vendors and other third parties, and injunctions against our processing or transferring of personal
data necessary to operate our business. Additionally, companies that transfer personal data out of the EEA and UK to other jurisdictions,
particularly to the United States, are subject to increased scrutiny from regulators, individual litigants, and activist groups. Some
European regulators have ordered certain companies to suspend or permanently cease certain transfers out of Europe for allegedly violating
the GDPR’s cross-border data transfer limitations.
Our employees and personnel may use generative
artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies to perform their work, and the disclosure and use of personal data in generative
AI technologies is subject to various privacy laws and other privacy obligations. Governments have passed and are likely to pass additional
laws regulating generative AI. Our use of this technology could result in additional compliance costs, regulatory investigations and actions,
and lawsuits. If we are unable to use generative AI, it could make our business less efficient and result in competitive disadvantages.
In addition to data privacy and security laws,
we are or may become contractually subject to industry standards adopted by industry groups. We are also bound by contractual obligations
related to data privacy and
security. and our efforts to comply with such obligations may not be
successful. For example, certain data privacy laws. such as the GDPR and the CCPA, require covered businesses to impose specific contractual
restrictions on their service providers. We publish privacy policies, marketing materials and other statements, such as compliance with
certain certifications or self-regulatory principles, regarding data privacy and security. If these policies. materials or statements
are found to be deficient, lacking in transparency. deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of our practices, we may be subject to investigation,
enforcement actions by regulators or other adverse consequences.
Obligations related to data privacy and security
(and consumers’ data privacy expectations) are quickly changing, becoming increasingly stringent, and creating uncertainty. Additionally,
these obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or conflict among jurisdictions.
Preparing for and complying with these obligations requires us to devote significant resources, which may necessitate changes to our services,
information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties with whom we work. In addition, these obligations may
require us to change our business model.
We may at times fail (or be perceived to have failed)
in our efforts to comply with our data privacy and security obligations. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties
with whom we work may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations. If we or the third
parties with whom we work fail, or are perceived to have failed, to address or comply with applicable data privacy and security obligations,
we could face significant consequences, including but not limited to: government enforcement actions (e.g., investigations, fines, penalties,
audits, inspections, and similar); litigation (including class-action claims) or mass arbitration demands; additional reporting requirements
and/or oversight; bans on processing personal data; orders to destroy or not use personal data; and imprisonment of company officials.
Any of these events could have a material adverse
effect on our reputation, business, or financial condition including but not limited to: loss of customers; interruptions or stoppages
in our business operations (including clinical trials); inability to process personal data or to operate in certain jurisdictions; limited
ability to develop or commercialize our products; expenditure of time and resources to defend any claim or inquiry; adverse publicity,
or substantial changes to our business model or operations.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
If we do not obtain the necessary governmental
approvals, we will be unable to develop or commercialise our pharmaceutical products.
Our ongoing research and development activities
are, and the production and marketing of our pharmaceutical product candidates derived from such activities will be, subject to regulation
by numerous international regulatory authorities. Prior to marketing, any therapeutic product developed must undergo rigorous pre-clinical
testing and clinical trials and, to the extent that any of our pharmaceutical products under development are marketed abroad, by the relevant
international regulatory authorities. For example, in Australia, principally the Therapeutics Goods Administration, or TGA; the Food and
Drug Administration, or FDA, in the United States; the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, or MHRA, in the United Kingdom;
the Medical Products Agency, or MPA, in Sweden; and the European Medicines Agency, or EMA. These processes can take many years and require
the expenditure of substantial resources. Governmental authorities may not grant regulatory approval due to matters arising from pre-clinical
animal toxicology, safety pharmacology, drug formulation and purity, insufficient efficacy, clinical side effects or patient risk profiles,
or medical contraindications.
Failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approvals
would adversely affect the development and commercialisation of our pharmaceutical product candidates. We may not be able to obtain the
clearances and approvals necessary for clinical testing or for manufacturing and marketing our pharmaceutical product candidates.
Even if regulatory authorities approve any of our
product candidates, the manufacture, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, reporting, distribution, advertising, promotion, marketing, sale,
import and export of these drugs will be subject to strict and ongoing regulation. If we, our partners, our product candidates or the
manufacturing facilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may suspend
any ongoing clinical trials; issue warning letters or untitled letters; suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; refuse to approve pending
applications or supplements to applications; suspend or impose restrictions on operations; seize or detain products, prohibit the export
or import of products, or require us to initiate a product recall; seek other monetary or injunctive remedies; or impose civil or criminal
penalties.
We will not be able to commercialise any current
or future product candidates if we fail to adequately demonstrate their safety and efficacy.
Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial
sale of any of our pharmaceutical products, we must demonstrate through pre-clinical testing and clinical studies that our product candidates
are safe and effective for use in humans for each target indication. Results from early clinical trials may not be predictive of results
obtained in large-scale, later-stage clinical testing. Even though a candidate product shows promising results in clinical trials, regulatory
authorities may not grant the necessary approvals without sufficient safety and efficacy data.
We may not be able to undertake further clinical
trials of our current and future product candidates as therapies for Parkinsonian disorders or other indications or to demonstrate the
safety and efficacy or superiority of any of these product candidates over existing therapies or other therapies under development, or
enter into any collaborative arrangement to commercialise our current or future product candidates on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
Clinical trial results that show insufficient safety and efficacy could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Positive results in a clinical trial of a product
candidate may not be replicated in future clinical trials, which could result in development delays or a failure to obtain marketing approval.
Positive results in a clinical trial of a product
candidate may not be predictive of similar results in future clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry
have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials even after achieving promising results in early-stage development. Accordingly,
the results from the completed pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates may not be predictive of the results
we may obtain in later stage trials. Our clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators
may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials. Moreover, clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses,
and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have
nonetheless failed to obtain FDA or EMA approval for their products.
Even if approved, any product candidates that
we or our subsidiaries may develop and market may be later withdrawn from the market or subject to promotional limitations.
We may not be able to obtain the labeling claims
necessary or desirable for the promotion of our product candidates if approved. We may also be required to undertake post-marketing clinical
trials. If the results of such post-marketing studies are not satisfactory or if adverse events or other safety issues arise after approval,
the FDA or a comparable regulatory agency in another country may withdraw marketing authorisation or may condition continued marketing
on commitments from us or our subsidiaries that may be expensive or time consuming to complete. In addition, if we or others identify
adverse side effects after any of our products are on the market, or if manufacturing problems occur, regulatory approval may be withdrawn
and reformulation of our or our subsidiaries’ products, additional clinical trials, changes in labeling of our or our subsidiaries’
products and additional marketing applications may be required. Any reformulation or labeling changes may limit the marketability of such
products if approved.
Healthcare reform measures and other statutory
or regulatory changes could adversely affect our business.
In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions,
there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the healthcare system in ways that could impact our business.
For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010
(collectively, the “ACA”), enacted in March 2010, substantially changes the way healthcare is financed by both governmental
and private insurers, and significantly impacts the pharmaceutical industry. With regard to pharmaceutical products, among other things,
the ACA is expected to expand and increase industry rebates for drugs covered under Medicaid programs and make changes to the coverage
requirements under the Medicare D program. Legislative and regulatory proposals impacting upon the healthcare system are submitted regularly
and the existing framework in force in various jurisdictions may not apply in the short to long term.
We still cannot fully predict the impact of the
ACA on our company as many of the ACA reforms require the promulgation of detailed regulations implementing the statutory provisions which
has not yet been completed.
Since its enactment, there have been judicial,
executive and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA. On June 17, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the most recent
judicial challenge to the ACA without specifically ruling on the constitutionality of the ACA. Prior to the Supreme Court’s decision,
President Biden issued an executive order to initiate a special enrollment period from February 15, 2021 through August 15, 2021 for purposes
of obtaining health insurance coverage through the ACA marketplace. The executive order also instructed certain governmental agencies
to review and reconsider their existing policies and rules that limit access to healthcare, including among others, reexamining Medicaid
demonstration projects and waiver programs that include work requirements, and policies that create unnecessary barriers to obtaining
access to health insurance coverage through Medicaid or the ACA.
In addition, other legislative changes have been
proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. For example, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, included
reductions to Medicare payments to providers, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to
the statute, will remain in effect into 2032, with the exception of a temporary suspension from May 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022, unless
additional Congressional action is taken. Additionally, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, reduced Medicare
payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments
to providers from three to five years. In addition, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 enacted on April 16, 2015,
repealed the formula by which Medicare made annual payment adjustments to physicians and replaced the former formula with fixed annual
updates and a new system of incentive payments began in 2019 that are based on various performance measures and physicians’ participation
in alternative payment models such as accountable care organizations.
We expect additional state, federal, and foreign
healthcare reform measures to be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal, state, and foreign governments
will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our future products or additional pricing pressure.
If we fail to comply with our reporting and payment
obligations under the Medicaid program or other governmental pricing programs, we could be subject to additional reimbursement requirements,
penalties, sanctions and fines which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations
and growth prospects.
Pricing and rebate calculations vary among products
and programs. The calculations are complex and will often be subject to interpretation by us, governmental or regulatory agencies and
the courts. If we become aware that our reporting of pricing data for a prior quarter was incorrect, we will be obligated to resubmit
the corrected data. For the Medicaid drug rebate program, corrected data must be submitted for a period not to exceed twelve quarters
from the quarter in which the data originally were due. Such restatements and recalculations increase our costs for complying with the
laws and regulations governing the Medicaid drug rebate program and other governmental pricing programs.
We may be liable for errors associated with our
submission of pricing data. If we are found to have knowingly submitted false pricing data to the Medicaid program, we may be liable for
civil monetary penalties in the amount of up to U.S.$100,000 per item of false information. Our failure to submit pricing data to the
Medicaid program on a timely basis could result in a civil monetary penalty of U.S.$10,000 per day for each day the information is late.
Such failure also could be grounds to terminate our Medicaid drug rebate agreement, which is the agreement under which we might participate
in the Medicaid drug rebate program. In the event that our rebate agreement is terminated, federal payments may not be available under
Medicaid for our covered outpatient drugs. We cannot assure you that our submissions will not be found to be incomplete or incorrect.
If we obtain FDA approval for any of our product
candidates and begin commercializing those products in the United States, our operations may be directly or indirectly through our customers,
subject to various federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal
False Claims Act, and physician sunshine laws and regulations.
The Biden administration also introduced various
measures in 2021 focusing on healthcare and drug pricing, in particular. For example, on January 28, 2021, President Biden issued an executive
order that initiated a special enrollment period for purposes of obtaining health insurance coverage through the ACA marketplace, which
began on February 15, 2021, and remained open through August 15, 2021. The executive order also instructed certain governmental agencies
to review and reconsider their existing policies and rules that limit access to healthcare, including among others, reexamining Medicaid
demonstration projects and waiver programs that include work requirements and policies that create unnecessary barriers to obtaining access
to health insurance coverage through Medicaid or the ACA. On the legislative front, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into
law on March 11, 2021, which, in relevant part, eliminates the statutory Medicaid drug rebate cap, currently set at 100% of a drug’s
average manufacturer price, for single source drugs and innovator multiple source drugs, beginning January 1, 2024. And, in July 2021,
the Biden administration released an executive order entitled, “Promoting Competition in the American Economy,” with multiple
provisions aimed at prescription drugs. In response, on September 9, 2021, HHS released a “Comprehensive Plan for Addressing High
Drug Prices” that outlines principles for drug pricing reform and sets out a variety of potential legislative policies that Congress
could pursue as well as potential administrative actions HHS can take to advance these principles. And, in November 2021, President Biden
announced the “Prescription Drug Pricing Plan” as part of the Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376) passed by the House of Representatives
on November 19, 2021, which aims to lower prescription drug pricing by, among other things, allowing Medicare to negotiate prices for
certain high-cost prescription drugs covered under Medicare Part D and Part B after the drugs have been on the market for a certain number
of years and imposing tax penalties on drug manufacturers that refuse to negotiate pricing with Medicare or increase drug prices “faster
than inflation.” If enacted, this bill could have a substantial impact on our business. In the coming years, additional legislative
and regulatory changes could be made to governmental health programs that could significantly impact pharmaceutical companies and the
success of our product candidates. At the state level, legislatures have increasingly passed legislation and implemented regulations designed
to control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions
on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation
from other countries and bulk purchasing. There is uncertainty as to what healthcare programs and regulations may be implemented or changed
at the federal and/or state level in the United States or the effect of any future legislation or regulation. Furthermore, we cannot predict
what actions the Biden administration will implement in connection with the Health Reform Law. However, it is possible that such initiatives
could have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain approval and/or successfully commercialize products in the United States in the
future. For example, any changes that reduce, or impede the ability to obtain, reimbursement for our product candidates approved for commercialization
in the United States, if any, or any other drug products we may commercialize in the future or that reduce medical procedure volumes could
adversely affect our operations and/or future business plans.
In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)
of 2022 was signed into law in August 2022. This law, which, among other things, permits Medicare to negotiate the price of certain high
expenditure, single source drugs and biological drugs. The maximum fair prices that are negotiated for these drugs will apply beginning
with initial price applicability in 2026. The number of drugs to be selected and negotiated will depend on whether the drugs are high
in expenditures and will be limited each year in the number of drugs subject to a preset negotiation structure. Following a phased implementation,
ultimately there will be 20 drugs that will be subject to price negotiation by 2029 and thereafter. This legislative change will likely
result in reductions in Medicare payments and other health care expenditures that may impact the product candidates in the future. Any
reimbursement policies instituted by Medicare or other federal health care programs may result in similar policies from private payors.
The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries
are subject to extensive regulation, and from time to time legislative bodies and governmental agencies consider changes to such regulations
that could have significant impact on industry participants. For example, in light of certain highly-publicised safety issues regarding
certain drugs that had received marketing approval, the U.S. Congress has considered various proposals regarding drug safety, including
some which would require additional safety studies and monitoring and could make drug development more costly. The implementation of cost
containment measures or other healthcare system reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability, or commercialise
our products. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenues from product candidates that impact we may successfully
develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition and ability to develop product
candidates. In addition, it is possible that there will be further legislation or regulation that could harm our business, financial condition
and several results of operations.
We could be adversely affected by violations
of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Our business operations may be subject to anti-corruption
laws and regulations, including restrictions imposed by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”). The FCPA and
similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions such as the U.K. Bribery Act generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries
from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We cannot provide assurance
that our internal controls and procedures will always protect us from criminal acts committed by our employees or third parties with whom
we work. If we are found to be liable for violations of the FCPA or similar anti-corruption laws in international jurisdictions, either
due to our own acts or out of inadvertence, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others, we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties
which could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
Our success depends upon our ability to protect
our intellectual property and our proprietary technology, to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties and to
obtain marketing exclusivity for our products and technologies.
Any future success will depend in large part on whether we
can:
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obtain and maintain patents to protect our own product candidates and technologies; |
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obtain licenses to the patented technologies of third parties; |
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operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties; and |
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protect our trade secrets, know-how and other confidential information. |
Patent matters in biotechnology are highly uncertain
and involve complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, the availability and breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology and pharmaceutical
patents cannot be predicted. Any of the pending or future patent applications filed by us or on our behalf may not be approved, we may
not develop additional proprietary products or processes that are patentable, or we may not be able to license any other patentable products
or processes.
Our products may be eligible for orphan designation
for particular therapeutic indications that are of relatively low prevalence. Orphan drug designation affords market exclusivity post
marketing authorisation for a product for a specified therapeutic utility. The period of orphan protection is dependent on jurisdiction,
for example, seven years in the United States and ten years in Europe. The opportunity to gain orphan drug designation depends on a variety
of requirements specific to each marketing jurisdiction and can include; a showing of improved benefit relative to marketed products,
that the mechanism of action of the product would provide plausible benefit and the nature of the unmet medical need within a therapeutic
indication. It is uncertain if our products will be able to obtain orphan drug designation for the appropriate indications and in the
jurisdictions sought.
There is a risk that the U.S. Congress, for example,
could amend laws to significantly shorten the exclusivity period. Once any regulatory period of exclusivity expires, depending on the
status of our patent coverage and the nature of the product, we may not be able to prevent others from marketing products that are similar
to or interchangeable with our products, which would materially adversely affect us.
Our commercial success will also depend, in part,
on our ability to avoid infringement of patents issued to others. If a court determines that we were infringing any third-party patents,
we could be required to pay damages, alter our products or processes, obtain licenses or cease certain activities. Licenses required under
patents held by third parties may not be made available on terms acceptable to us or at all. To the extent that we are unable to obtain
such licenses, we could be foreclosed from the development, export, manufacture or commercialisation of the product requiring such license
or encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to design around such patents, and any of these circumstances could adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may have to resort to litigation to enforce
any patents issued or licensed to us or to determine the scope and validity of third-party proprietary rights. We may have to defend the
validity of our patents in order to protect or enforce our rights against a third party. Third parties may in the future assert against
us infringement claims or claims that we have infringed a patent, copyright, trademark or other proprietary right belonging to them. Any
infringement claim, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources and could
negatively affect our profitability. While defending our patents, the scope of the claim may be reduced in breadth and inventorship of
the claimed subject matter, and proprietary interests in the claimed subject matter may be altered or reduced. Some of our competitors
may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater
financial resources. Any such litigation, regardless of outcome, could be expensive and time consuming, and adverse determinations in
any such proceedings could prevent us from developing, manufacturing or commercialising our products and could adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
The patents for our product candidates have varying
expiration dates and, if these patents expire, we may be subject to increased competition and we may not be able to recover our development
costs or market any of our approved products profitably. In some of the larger potential market territories, such as the United States
and Europe, patent term extension or restoration may be available to compensate for time taken during aspects of the product’s development
and regulatory review or by procedural delays before the relevant patent office. However, such an extension may not be granted, or if
granted, the applicable time period or the scope of patent protection afforded during any extension period may not be sufficient. In addition,
even though some regulatory authorities may provide some other exclusivity for a product under their own laws and regulations, we may
not be able to qualify the product or obtain the exclusive time period. If we are unable to obtain patent term extension/restoration or
some other exclusivity, we could be subject to increased competition and our opportunity to establish or maintain product revenue could
be substantially reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, we may not have sufficient time to recover our development costs prior to the expiration
of our U.S. and non-U.S. patents.
We may face difficulties in certain jurisdictions
in protecting our intellectual property rights, which may diminish the value of our intellectual property rights in those jurisdictions.
The laws of some jurisdictions do not protect intellectual
property rights to the same extent as the laws in the United States and the European Union, and many companies have encountered significant
difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in such jurisdictions. If we or our collaboration partners encounter difficulties
in protecting, or are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting, the intellectual property rights important for our business in
such jurisdictions, the value of these rights may be diminished and we may face additional competition from others in those jurisdictions.
Many countries have compulsory licensing laws under
which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents
against government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially
diminish the value of such patent. If we or any of our licensors is forced to grant a license to third parties with respect to any patents
relevant to our business, our competitive position may be impaired and our business, financial condition and results of operations may
be adversely affected.
Intellectual property rights do not address
all potential threats to our competitive advantage.
The degree of future protection afforded by our
intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately permit us to maintain
our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative:
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Others may be able to make products that are similar to ours but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own. |
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Others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or otherwise circumvent any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights. |
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We or any of our collaboration partners might not have been the first to conceive and reduce to practice the inventions covered by the patents or patent applications that we own, license or will own or license. |
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We or any of our collaboration partners might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of the patents or patent applications that we or they own or have obtained a license, or will own or will have obtained a license. |
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It is possible that our pending patent applications will not result in issued patents. |
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Issued patents that we own may not provide us with any competitive advantage, or may be held invalid or unenforceable, as a result of legal challenges by our competitors. |
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Our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights, or in countries where research and development safe harbor laws exist, and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets. |
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The patents of third parties or pending or future applications of third parties, if issued, may have an adverse effect on our business. |
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Compulsory licensing provisions of certain governments to patented technologies that are deemed necessary for the government to access. |
Changes in patent laws or patent jurisprudence
could diminish the value of our patents, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products or product candidates.
As is the case with other biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical
industry involves both technological and legal complexity, it is costly, time-consuming and inherently uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court
has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances
or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that could weaken
our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. Similarly, the complexity
and uncertainty of European patent laws has also increased in recent years. In addition, the European patent system is relatively stringent
with regard to the type of amendments that are allowed during prosecution. These changes could limit our ability to obtain new patents
in the future that may be important for our business.
Confidentiality agreements with employees and
others may not adequately prevent disclosure of our trade secrets and protect our other proprietary information.
We consider proprietary trade secrets and/or confidential
know-how and unpatented know-how to be important to our business. We may rely on trade secrets and/or confidential know-how to protect
our technology, especially where patent protection is believed by us to be of limited value. However, trade secrets and/or confidential
know-how can be difficult to maintain as confidential.
To protect this type of information against disclosure
or appropriation by competitors, our policy is to require our employees, consultants, contractors and advisors to enter into confidentiality
agreements with us. However, current or former employees, consultants, contractors and advisers may unintentionally or willfully disclose
our confidential information to competitors, and confidentiality agreements may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized
disclosure of confidential information. Enforcing a claim that a third-party obtained illegally and is using trade secrets and/or confidential
know-how is expensive, time consuming and unpredictable. The enforceability of confidentiality agreements may vary from jurisdiction to
jurisdiction.
Failure to obtain or maintain trade secrets and/or
confidential know-how trade protection could adversely affect our competitive position. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop
substantially equivalent proprietary information and may even apply for patent protection in respect of the same. If successful in obtaining
such patent protection, our competitors could limit our use of our trade secrets and/or confidential know-how.
Risks Related to Our Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
We may fail to maintain effective internal control
over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which could adversely affect our operating
results, investor confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes certain
duties on us and our executives and directors. To comply with this statute, we are required to document and test our internal control
over financial reporting. Our efforts to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, governing internal
control and procedures for financial reporting, have resulted in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management
time and attention, and we expect these efforts to require the continued commitment of significant resources. We may identify material
weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our assessments of our internal control over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective
internal control over financial reporting , or conclusion that our disclosure controls and procedures are ineffective, could result in
investigations or sanctions by regulatory authorities and could adversely affect our operating results, investor confidence in our reported
financial information, and the market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
Our stock price may be volatile and the trading
market for our securities is limited.
The market price for our securities, like that
of the securities of other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, has fluctuated substantially and may continue to be highly volatile
in the future. The market price for our securities has been affected by both broad market developments and announcements relating to actual
or potential developments concerning products under development. We believe that the following factors, in addition to other risk factors
described above and elsewhere in this annual report, will continue to significantly affect the market price of our ordinary shares:
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the results of pre-clinical testing and clinical trials by us and our competitors; |
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developments concerning research and development, manufacturing, and marketing alliances or collaborations by us and our competitors; |
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announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us and our competitors; |
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determinations regarding our patent applications, patents and those of others; |
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publicity regarding actual or potential results relating to medicinal products under development by us and our competitors; |
| ● | proposed governmental regulations and developments in Australia,
the U.S. and elsewhere; |
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| ● | litigation; |
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| ● | economic and other external factors; and |
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| ● | period-to-period fluctuations in our operating results. |
In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have especially affected the stock market price of many high technology and healthcare related companies, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and, in many cases, are unrelated to the operating performance of the particular companies. Market fluctuations, as well as general political and economic conditions, such as a recession, interest rate or currency rate fluctuations, could adversely affect the market price of our securities.
Ownership interest in our company may
be further diluted as a result of additional financings.
Potential dilution as a result of additional
financings.
Ownership interest in our company may be diluted as a result of financings in the near future or over the longer term. We will need additional funding to complete our clinical trials and to operate our business; such funding may not be available or, if it is available, such financing is likely to substantially dilute our existing shareholders. Additional financing will comply with the relevant requirements of ASX listing rules and NASDAQ listing requirements.
Without shareholder approval, we may not issue more than 25% of our
outstanding ordinary shares in any twelve month period other than by a pro rata rights offering or a share purchase plan offer (of shares
with a value at the issue price of up to A$30,000 per shareholder to a maximum of 30% of our outstanding shares) in each case to the
then existing shareholders in accordance with the listing rules of the ASX. Sales of our ADSs offered through our “At-The-Market”
facility and future equity offerings may result in substantial dilution to the interests of our current shareholders. The sale of a substantial
number of securities to investors, or anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related
securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.
There is a substantial risk that we are a passive
foreign investment company, or PFIC, to some U.S. investors which will subject those investors to adverse tax rules
Holders of our ADSs who are U.S. residents face
income tax risks. There is a substantial risk that we are a passive foreign investment company, commonly referred to as a PFIC to some
U.S. investors, and a controlled foreign corporation, or CFC to other U.S. investors. Our treatment as a PFIC could result in a reduction
in the after-tax return to the holders of our ADSs and would likely cause a reduction in the value of such ADSs. For U.S. federal income
tax purposes, we will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (i) 75% or more of our gross income is passive income,
or (ii) at least 50% of the average value of all of our assets for the taxable year produce or are held for the production of passive
income. For this purpose, cash is considered to be an asset that produces passive income. As a result of our substantial cash position
and the decline in the value of our stock, we believe that we became a PFIC during the taxable year ended June 30, 2005, and were classified
as a PFIC during each of the following fiscal years. We believe that we once again will be classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended
June 30, 2023 for some U.S. investors. Highly complex rules will apply to U.S. holders owning ADSs. Accordingly, you are urged to consult
your tax advisors regarding the application of such rules.
We do not anticipate paying dividends on our
ordinary shares.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on
our ordinary shares and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of
our Board of Directors and will depend on various factors, including our operating results, financial condition, future prospects and
any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. You should not rely on an investment in our company if you require dividend
income from your investment in our company. The success of your investment will likely depend entirely upon any future appreciation of
the market price of our ordinary shares, which is uncertain and unpredictable. There is no guarantee that our ordinary shares will appreciate
in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased your ordinary shares.
Currency fluctuations may adversely affect the
price of our securities.
Our ordinary shares are quoted in Australian dollars
on the ASX and our ADSs trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market in U.S. dollars. Movements in the Australian dollar/U.S. dollar exchange rate
may adversely affect the U.S. dollar price of our ordinary shares. In the past year the Australian dollar strengthened against the U.S.
dollar. If the Australian dollar weakens against the U.S. dollar, this may negatively affect the U.S. dollar price of our ordinary shares,
even if the price of our ordinary shares in Australian dollars decreases or remains unchanged. If the Australian dollar further strengthens
against the U.S. dollar, the U.S. dollar price of the ordinary shares could increase, even if the price of our ordinary shares in Australian
dollars decreases or remains unchanged.
If we fail to maintain compliance with NASDAQ’s
continued listing requirements, our shares may be delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market.
Our ordinary shares are quoted on the ASX and our
ADSs trade on the NASDAQ Capital Market. To continue to be listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we need to satisfy a number of conditions,
including a minimum closing bid price per ADS of $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days and shareholders’ equity of at least $2.5
million.
We could in the future fail to meet this or other
NASDAQ continued listing requirements and fail to cure such noncompliance, resulting in the delisting of our ADSs from NASDAQ. If we are
delisted from NASDAQ, trading in our ordinary shares could be conducted on a U.S. market where an investor would likely find it significantly
more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the value of, our ordinary shares (such delisting should not affect
the trading over the ASX).
We are currently operating in a period of economic
uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military
conflicts such as in the Middle East and between Russia and Ukraine.
U.S. and global markets are experiencing volatility
and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions and the start of military conflicts in the Middle East and the ongoing
conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale
military invasion of Ukraine. Although the length and impact of the ongoing military conflict is highly unpredictable, the conflict in
Ukraine could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets. Additionally,
Russia’s prior annexation of Crimea, recent recognition of two separatist republics in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine
and subsequent military interventions in Ukraine have led to sanctions and other penalties being levied by the United States, European
Union and other countries against Russia, including agreement to remove certain Russian financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide
Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) payment system. Additional potential sanctions and penalties have also been proposed and/or
threatened. Russian military actions and the resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead
to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets, potentially making it more difficult for us to obtain additional funds. Any of
the abovementioned factors could affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. The extent and duration of
the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial.
In addition, economic and political instability
in other regions, e.g., the Israel-Hamas conflict and the related instability in the Middle East, may result in unavoidable uncertainties
that could negatively affect costs of business and cause volatility in exchange rates, commodity prices, inflation and interest rates.
Such events could also impact worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions, as well as causing instability in political
institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results, cash flows and financial position.
Any such disruptions may also magnify the impact
of other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
Risks Related to Our Location in Australia
It may be difficult to enforce a judgment in
the United States against us and our officers and directors or to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Australia or serve process on
our officers and directors.
We are incorporated in Australia. More than half
of our executive officers and directors are non-residents of the United States. Therefore, it may be difficult for an investor, or any
other person or entity, to enforce a U.S. court judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws
in an Australian court against us or any of those persons or to effect service of process upon these persons in the United States. Additionally,
it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to enforce civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws in
original actions instituted in Australia.
As a foreign private issuer whose shares are
listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, we may follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain NASDAQ requirements.
As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed
on the NASDAQ Capital Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements
of The NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. Among other things, as a foreign private issuer we may follow home country practice with regard to the
composition of the board of directors, director nomination procedure, and quorum at shareholders’ meetings. In addition, we may
follow our home country law, instead of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules, which require that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive
events such as for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans, an issuance that will result in a change
of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company,
and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home country practice
instead of NASDAQ requirements must submit to NASDAQ in advance a written statement from an independent counsel in such issuer’s
home country certifying that the issuer’s practices are not prohibited by the home country’s laws. In addition, a foreign
private issuer must disclose in its annual reports filed with the SEC each such requirement that it does not follow and describe the home
country practice followed by the issuer instead of any such requirement. Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection
as provided under NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules.
We currently do not have a majority of independent
directors serving on our Board of Directors, which may afford less protection to our shareholders than if our Board of Directors had a
majority of independent directors.
As of the date of this annual report, a majority
of our directors did not satisfy the standards for independence as specified by the SEC and the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock
Market pursuant to which we evaluate director independence. If our Board of Directors is not made up of a majority of independent directors,
there may be a lower level of oversight on executive management, and our Board of Directors may be influenced by the concerns, issues
or objectives of management, including compensation and governance issues, to a greater extent than would occur with a majority of independent
directors. As a result, the composition of our Board of Directors may afford less protection to our shareholders than if our Board of
Directors were composed of a majority of independent directors.
A lack of independent directors may also make it
difficult to create board committees meeting the requirements of our board committee charters and the NASDAQ Rules pursuant to which we
evaluate director independence. Historically, we have strived to have an audit committee comprised of at least three independent directors
and other board committees comprised solely of independent directors. Currently, our audit committee has only two members, both of who
are independent under the NASDAQ Rules and applicable SEC requirements. Due to the lack of independent directors, it may be difficult
to establish effective operating board committees comprised of independent members to oversee committee functions. This structure gives
our executive officers additional control over certain corporate governance issues, including compensation matters and audit issues for
internal control and reporting purposes, with more limited oversight of our executive officers’ decisions and activities.
Australian takeovers laws may discourage takeover
offers being made for us or may discourage the acquisition of large numbers of our ordinary shares.
We are incorporated in Australia and are subject
to the takeover’s laws of Australia. Among other things, we are subject to the Australian Corporations Act 2001, or the Corporations
Act. Subject to a range of exceptions, the Corporations Act prohibits the acquisition of a direct or indirect interest in our issued voting
shares if the acquisition of that interest will lead to a person’s voting power in us increasing from 20% or below to more than
20%, or increasing from a starting point that is above 20% and below 90%. Australian takeovers laws may discourage takeover offers being
made for us or may discourage the acquisition of large numbers of our ordinary shares. This may have the ancillary effect of entrenching
our board of directors and may deprive or limit our shareholders’ strategic opportunities to sell their ordinary shares and may
restrict the ability of our shareholders to obtain a premium from such transactions.
Our Constitution and other Australian laws and
regulations applicable to us may adversely affect our ability to take actions that could be beneficial to our shareholders.
As an Australian company we are subject to different
corporate requirements than a corporation organized under the laws of the United States. Our Constitution, as well as the Corporations
Act, set forth various rights and obligations that are unique to us as an Australian company. These requirements operate differently than
from many U.S. companies and may limit or otherwise adversely affect our ability to take actions that could be beneficial to our shareholders.
For more information, you should carefully review the summary of these matters set forth under the section entitled, “Item 10.B
- Additional Information - Memorandum and Articles of Association” as well as our Constitution.
ITEM
4. Information on the Company
| A. |
History and Development of the Company |
Our legal and commercial name is Alterity Therapeutics
Limited (formerly Prana Biotechnology Limited). We were incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia on November 11, 1997
and began limited operations shortly thereafter. On April 8, 2019, we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited. Our registered
office is located at Level 3, 62 Lygon Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia and our telephone number is +-61-3-9824-5254. Our principal
executive office is located at Level 14, 350 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia and our telephone number is +-61-3-9349-4906.
Our website address is www.alteritytherapeutics.com. The information in our website is not incorporated by reference into this annual
report.
Alterity’s mission from inception was to
treat neurodegenerative diseases and its mission has remained focused on this class of diseases.
Alterity is developing first-in-class therapies
to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Our lead drug candidate, ATH434, is designed to block the accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein,
a protein implicated in neurodegeneration. ATH434 has been shown preclinically to reduce α-synuclein pathology, preserve nerve cells,
and improve motor function by restoring normal iron balance in the brain. In this way, it has potential to treat Parkinson’s disease
as well as Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), a rare Parkinsonian disorder. The company has been granted Orphan drug designation for ATH434
for the treatment of MSA by both the US FDA and European Commission. The exclusivity conferred by the Orphan drug designation is expected
to persist beyond the term of the patents comprising the ATH434 global patent portfolio.
Phase 1 enabling studies have been completed and
we have commenced a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial with recruitment of patients underway. The global
trial has received regulatory authorization to proceed in Australia,New Zealand, the United States of America,Italy, and the UK.
Our technology is the outcome of many years of
intense research from leading scientists in neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases. Beginning with the discovery and patenting
of our initial clinical drug candidate, PBT2, the company continued to apply its expertise to inventing and patenting novel molecules
with potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases which resulted in ATH434 (see above).
In 2019 and 2020, we invented next generation iron
chaperones, a technology capable of redistributing excess iron in the central nervous system including for the treatment of Alzheimer’s
disease and Parkinson’s disease. These compounds are the subject of composition of matter claims in patent families which either
are filed in countries and regions that represent the commercially significant economies or are earmarked to be filed in those countries.
In 2021, we invented next generation zinc ionophores,
a technology capable of modulating zinc for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, neurological diseases and infectious diseases.
These compounds are the subject of composition of matter claims in a patent family which is earmarked for filing in countries and regions
that represent the commercially significant economies.
Our technology has progressed to create a diversified
library of chemical compounds and we continue to strengthen our intellectual property portfolio with new patents generated by our discovery
and research efforts. This may yield future product candidates across various neurodegenerative and other indications.
Since inception, we have not been required to invest
material amounts for capital expenditures since our development efforts have taken place at research facilities operated by institutions
with which we have relationships. In the three fiscal years ended June 30, 2024, our capital expenditures have totalled A$102,180.
Alterity’s Background
Our technology has been developed over an extended
period and continues to develop through the collaborative efforts of highly regarded scientists, company employees as well as representatives
of research institutions in this field.
Since completing our initial public offering and
listing process of our ordinary shares on the ASX on March 28, 2000, we historically concentrated our resources toward the pursuit of
neurological diseases with an initial focus in Alzheimer’s disease, and creation of a chemical library of proprietary molecules.
Currently, our research and clinical development efforts are primarily focused on Parkinson’s disease and related disorders where
we are identifying and developing novel compounds that address the underlying pathology of these disorders by binding and redistributing
excess iron, reducing alpha-synuclein (or α -synuclein) aggregation, and rescuing neurons in the brain.
Our clinical development program is led by two
Phase 2 clinical trials in Multiple System Atrophy, or MSA, a rare parkinsonian disorder with no approved treatments that address the
underlying pathology of the disease. We are also conducting a Natural History Study in MSA and have a preclinical program in Parkinson’s
disease.
We also have a robust discovery platform with over
1000 validated compounds from different chemical scaffolds in our chemical library.
Since 2009, our chemistry program is undertaken
within laboratories leased from The University of Melbourne’s Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, which is a multidisciplinary
research center that specializes in medical, agricultural and environmental biotechnology. Accommodating more than 800 research scientists,
students and industry participants, the Bio21 Institute is one of the largest biotechnology research centers in Australia.
Candidate product discovery and translational Biology Programs
Alterity’s intellectual property is considered
“platform technology” based on our approach that a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases can be addressed
by targeting the interrelationship of metals and proteins. Historically, the majority of our research efforts have been directed at research
into potential therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington disease and Parkinsonian disorders. Published data
together with our initial findings have provided strong indications that the pathology for other certain age-related and degenerative
disorders may also be based on the interaction between certain metals and proteins, and we believe that the platform technology may also
be applicable for certain cancers, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and other neurodegenerative
diseases.
To date, we have performed in vivo evaluations
of our product candidates in a range of animal models of disease including parkinsonian disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington
disease, and brain cancer.
Product candidates are selected from our chemical
library on the basis of rational drug design. Product candidates are designed to fulfil very specific criteria such as oral bioavailability
and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and demonstrate significant effectiveness in both nonclinical in vitro and in
vivo testing.
To increase the depth and breadth of our pipeline
into new neurodegenerative indications, we have continued to develop our ‘two tier’ Translational Research program structure.
The first tier encompasses core new chemical entity design, synthesis and characterization, the ‘discovery phase’ of the new
entities as potential novel agents of interest based on their mechanism of action profile. Our discovery research has established Structure
Activity Relationships (“SAR”) within chemical moieties that guide our chemists towards the design of novel therapeutics.
The discovery phase also includes preliminary bioavailability and metabolic characterization. The second tier comprises ‘translational’
animal modeling programs to test and validate new candidates as potential development product candidates.
Our chemical library currently includes more than
1000 novel compounds. Using SAR that has been developed over years of testing and validation by Alterity scientists, new compounds are
being generated that retain functionality across diverse and novel chemical scaffolds.
New compounds from various scaffolds are synthesised
and mechanistically profiled. These compounds are initially screened for activity in biological systems relevant to the candidate diseases
of interest. New screens are investigated and assessed for their ability to intercede in the steps thought to underly the pathogenesis
of target diseases. Such steps include pathologic protein aggregation and downstream activities such as oxidative stress and cell death.
Promising candidates arising from the Translational Research program may be progressed as back up compounds in Parkinson’s disease
and/or new indications in neurodegeneration.
During the fiscal year, we continued to strengthen
our intellectual property portfolio with new patents that will be instrumental in supporting Alterity’s drug development portfolio.
In August 2023, we announced the granting of a new Composition of Matter patent in Europe covering more than 150 novel compounds with
pharmaceutical compositions that are designed to redistribute the excess iron implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The patent secures
broad protection over a new class of iron chaperone drug candidates for treating major neurodegenerative diseases.
Our Target Neurodegenerative Diseases
Multiple System Atrophy
We believe that drug candidates in
our library may affect the aggregation of the proteins implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s
disease and related movement disorders such as Multiple System Atrophy, or MSA.
We are focusing on the treatment
of parkinsonian disorders, a group of neurodegenerative disorders which have parkinsonism as a feature.
Parkinsonism is a general term for slowed movement, stiffness
and tremor, which occurs most commonly in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and less frequently in other parkinsonian disorders such
as MSA and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), among others. These parkinsonian disorders have a limited response to available drugs
for treating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and prominent non-motor symptoms.
MSA is a rare, neurodegenerative disease
characterized by failure of the autonomic nervous system and impaired movement. The symptoms reflect the progressive loss of function
and death of different types of neurons and support cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is a rapidly progressive disease which causes
profound disability. It is sporadic (not inherited) and typically presents in individuals between 50 and 60 years old. MSA is characterized
by a variable combination of parkinsonism, autonomic instability that affects involuntary functions such as blood pressure maintenance
and bowel/bladder control, and impaired balance and/or coordination that predisposes to falls. A pathological hallmark of MSA is the accumulation
of the protein α-synuclein within glia, the support cells of the central nervous system, and neuron loss in multiple brain regions.
According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, MSA affects up to 50,000 individuals in the U.S., thus it is considered an Orphan
Disease. While some of the symptoms of MSA can be treated with medications, currently there are no drugs that are able to slow disease
progression and there is no cure.
Because early MSA is not well characterized,
Alterity has been conducting a natural history study called “Biomarkers of progression in Multiple System Atrophy (bioMUSE)”
to track the progression of patients with MSA. The study is being conducted in collaboration with Vanderbilt University Medical Center
in the U.S. under the direction of Daniel Claassen, MD, Professor of Neurology and Principal Investigator. Natural history studies are
important for characterizing disease progression in selected patient populations. The study is ongoing and continues to provide vital
information on early stage MSA patients, enabling the selection of biomarkers suitable for evaluation of target engagement and preliminary
efficacy of drug candidates, and clinical data to characterize disease progression in patients that mirror those enrolling in Alterity’s
ATH434-201 Phase 2 clinical trial. To date, the study has provided rich data for optimizing the design of Alterity’s clinical program.
(see below)
Alterity’s lead candidate, ATH434, is a small
molecule drug candidate designed to inhibit the aggregation of pathological proteins implicated in neurodegeneration. ATH434 has been
shown preclinically to reduce α-synuclein pathology and preserve nerve cells by restoring normal iron balance in the brain. In this
way, it has excellent potential to treat Parkinson’s disease as well as parkinsonian disorders such as MSA.
A comprehensive nonclinical program to evaluate
ATH434’s profile to support clinical development is ongoing. ATH434 has also been profiled in mouse models of parkinsonian disorders,
including MSA. In one animal model, ATH434 prevents α-synuclein aggregation and preserves neurons in the substantia nigra
and decreased the number of glial cell inclusions in the brains of treated animals. Glial cell inclusions are the pathological hallmark
of MSA and contain abundant aggregated α-synuclein that is associated with neurodegeneration. The pathologic benefits were associated
with improved motor function in treated animals.
In the nonclinical studies, ATH434 had no relevant
off-target binding activity in a broad panel of protein interactions. ATH434 did not have significant inhibitory activity of the hERG
channel relevant to expected human plasma concentrations in a Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) study. ATH434 is brain penetrant and is
subject to diverse metabolic pathways.
ATH434 has successfully completed Phase 1 clinical
studies demonstrating the agent is well tolerated, orally bioavailable, and achieved brain levels comparable to efficacious levels in
animal models of MSA. ATH434 is currently in two Phase 2 clinical trials (see below). ATH434 has been granted Orphan designation for the
treatment of MSA by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and the European Commission.
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative
disease of the aging population, causes a progressive slowing of movement, tremors and the loss of fine motor control due to the death
of substantia nigra cells in the brain. These cells produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which is required for normal
motor control. Existing therapies, such as dopaminergic agents, may provide symptomatic relief, but do not address the underlying pathology
of the disease.
In 2005, we entered into a contractual
arrangement with the Integrative Neuroscience Facility based at the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health in Melbourne, (“Florey
Institute”), to assist in the efficacy evaluation of novel compounds in models relevant to Parkinson’s disease, specifically
the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model and the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model. The toxins used in these two
mouse models mimic the disease by causing impairment of the cells of the substantia nigra, the area of the brain primarily affected
in Parkinson’s disease, and subsequent loss of motor function.
During 2009 and 2010, our lead Parkinson’s
disease treatment candidate emerged, ATH434 (described below and formerly known as PBT434), based on significant improvement in motor
function and coordination in both models. Importantly, ATH434 demonstrated improved relevant indices when administered after toxins had
destroyed significant amounts of substantia nigra nerve cells, indicating that the compound can preserve normal neuronal function.
Mechanistic work during this period demonstrated that ATH434 reduced the aggregation of toxic α-synuclein species as well as markers
of oxidative stress.
Since 2011, we have continually progressed
our understanding of the mechanism of action of ATH434 and its potential to treat other movement disorders characterized by the aggregation
of α-synuclein. Our non-clinical research and development activities in Parkinson’s disease were supported by a USD $206,000
grant from the New York-based Michael J. Fox Foundation entitled, ‘ATH434, a Novel Neuroprotective Drug For Parkinson’s Disease;
Completion of Pre-Clinical Studies to Enable Human Clinical Trials.’
In 2017, Doctors Finkelstein, Cherny
and colleagues published data indicating that ATH434 prevented cell death in the substantia nigra in a dose-dependent manner. The
data also demonstrated the therapeutic potential of ATH434 to slow neurodegeneration with results in multiple Parkinson’s disease
models, including a transgenic model of Parkinson’s disease (A53T) in which mice over-expressed the α-synuclein protein. In
A53T mice, animals treated with ATH434 exhibited significantly increased numbers of s. nigra neurons and a significant reduction
in insoluble α-synuclein and incidence of clasping behavior. Encouragingly, these results showed that ATH434 lowered α-synuclein,
preserved neurons and simultaneously improved motor performance. The paper was entitled, “The novel compound ATH434 prevents iron
mediated neurodegeneration and α -synuclein toxicity in multiple models of Parkinson’s disease” and was published in
Acta Neuropathol Comm.
In February 2021, the Michael J. Fox Foundation
awarded Alterity a second grant, entitled “Pharmacologic Evaluation of ATH434 in a Hemiparkinsonian Nonhuman Primate Model for Dose
Optimization in PD Clinical Trials” in the amount of USD $495,000. The goal of the study was to evaluate the pharmacologic profile
of ATH434 for determining the optimal doses of ATH434 for future Parkinson’s disease clinical trials. The study was completed in
late 2023.
In December 2023, we announced that promising new
data on the effect of ATH434 in a Parkinson’s disease primate model was presented at the Future of Parkinson’s Disease Conference
2023. The poster, entitled, “Effects of ATH434, a Clinical-Phase Small Molecule with Moderate Affinity for Iron, in Hemiparkinsonian
Macaques”, was presented in collaboration from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience in
Melbourne. The presentation showed that ATH434 can reduce Parkinsonism in a higher order animal, the monkey, with symptoms that closely
parallel human disease. ATH434 treatment improved motor performance and general function in monkeys with experimentally induced Parkinson’s
disease. Importantly, these improvements were associated with reductions in abnormal iron in affected brain regions. These favorable parkinsonian
outcomes observed in the ATH434-treated monkeys were also associated with increased levels of striatal synaptophysin, a protein marker
that reflects functional connections between neurons, suggesting functional recovery of nerve endings in this critical motor pathway.
In September 2022, the peer-reviewed
journal, Neurotherapeutics, published data that demonstrated ATH434 was neuroprotective in a genetic model of Parkinson’s
disease (PD). The publication, entitled “ATH434 Rescues Pre-motor Hyposmia in a Mouse Model of Parkinsonism” assessed
the impact of ATH434 on motor and non-motor deficits in mice with genetically induced PD. Hyposmia, defined as reduced sensitivity to
odor, is an early and common non-motor symptom of PD that precedes the typical motor symptoms by several years, occurring in approximately
90% of early-stage cases of PD. The study found that ATH434 prevented a loss of smell in the younger mice and rescued it in older mice.
More importantly, the authors also demonstrated that ATH434 prevented the development of motor impairment in older animals, which was
associated with a reduction in iron levels and preservation of neurons in the substantia nigra, the brain region affected in Parkinson’s.
These data support other studies indicating that ATH434 has a beneficial effect on the motor and non-motor symptoms in animal models of
PD.
In October 2021, The Journal of Parkinson’s
Disease published the results from a preclinical study investigating the effect of ATH434 on gastrointestinal complications titled “ATH434
Reverses Colorectal Dysfunction in the A53T Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease”. Non-motor symptoms are common in patients
with Parkinsonian disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and MSA. Parkinson’s disease patients experience gastrointestinal
complications, cognitive deficits, autonomic dysfunction, and mood disturbance and these non-motor manifestations are an important source
of morbidity and reduced quality of life.
Alzheimer’s disease
PBT2 was our product candidate for Alzheimer’s
disease. The drug candidate is orally bioavailable and has shown to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Pre-clinical research findings for
PBT2 have been published in high impact scientific journals. In 2008 we reported in the journal Neuron that PBT2 could rapidly
improve cognition in transgenic mice, prevent the formation of toxic soluble Abeta oligomers, lower the Abeta levels in the brain of transgenic
mice and protect neurons from the toxic effect of Abeta at the synapses between neurons. In 2010, we reported in The Journal of Neuroscience
on the loss of synaptic zinc uptake mechanisms in aged animal models and how this correlated with cognitive impairment. In March 2011,
we reported in the scientific journal PLoS ONE that PBT2 increased the numbers of spines on the branches (or dendrites) of neurons
in the hippocampus, a memory centre affected in Alzheimer’s disease, thereby increasing the number of spines permits many more neurons
to interconnect with any particular neuron thereby increasing the brain’s capacity to carry out learning and memory. These findings
provided insight into how PBT2 has potential to preserve and protect neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. It is believed that the zinc
ionophore property of PBT2 works to increase intracellular zinc in the post synaptic terminal, triggering the release of calcium which
in turn, leads to neuroprotective pathways being activated inside the neuron that prevent excitotoxicity.
A 2013 paper, entitled “A Novel
Approach to Rapidly Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline” was published in the journal Aging Cell and demonstrated that
PBT2 could restore the cognition of aged mice to that of young, cognitively intact mice. A 2015 paper, entitled “PBT2 inhibits glutamate-induced
excitotoxicity in neurons through metal-mediated preconditioning”, and published in Neurobiology of Disease demonstrated
that PBT2 protected against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
PBT2 was found to be well tolerated
in Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials. Phase 1 trials were completed by February 2006 in healthy young and aged volunteers and demonstrated that
the drug was well tolerated and suitable for Phase 2 clinical development. In 2008, top line results for a Phase 2a clinical study in
mild Alzheimer’s disease patients supported PBT2’s safety and tolerability as well as its efficacy with respect to secondary
cognition endpoints.
In March 2014, we announced the top line results
of the 12-month Phase 2 Imaging trial in Alzheimer’s Disease (“IMAGINE” Trial). PBT2 did not meet its primary endpoint
of a statistically significant reduction in the levels of beta-amyloid plaques in the brains of prodromal/mild Alzheimer’s disease
patients, as measured using PiB-PET Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR). Whilst there was a reduction in the overall levels of the
PiB PET signal in patients treated with PBT2, the results were confounded by an atypical reduction of levels of the PiB PET signal in
the placebo group as well. No improvement was observed on the secondary endpoints of brain metabolic activity, cognition and function;
however, there was a trend towards preserving hippocampal brain volume in the PBT2 group. PBT2 was shown to be safe and well tolerated
over the 52 weeks. The adverse event profile was equivalent between placebo and treated groups. Forty of the 42 enrolled participants
(95%) completed the 52-week treatment period.
Participants were provided the option to continue
treatment on PBT2 for a further 52 weeks in an open label study, the ‘IMAGINE Extension study’ and 33 participants elected
to do so with 27 participants completing the IMAGINE Extension study. The independent Data Safety Monitoring Board did not identify any
safety concerns related to PBT2 over the combined two-year period of the IMAGINE and IMAGINE Extension studies.
Unpublished analysis of the IMAGINE Extension data does not
distinguish between 12 and 24 months of exposure to PBT2 on any of the measured trial outcomes. However, exploratory post-hoc information
from the Extension phase suggest that for the cohort of 27 trial participants that completed all 24 months (11 of the 15 participants
that started IMAGINE on placebo together with 16 of the 25 participants that remained on PBT2 for 24 months), the amyloid levels decreased
in this cohort compared to an historical control group from the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study.
In March 2023, we announced a sub-licensing
agreement for PBT2 to Professor Colin Masters, M.D., A.O., to advance compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and related diseases.
Under the license agreement, Alterity grants the entire rights to the acyl hydrazone patent mentioned above, as well as an exclusive worldwide
license to develop and commercialize both acyl hydrazone and PBT2 in Alzheimer’s disease. In exchange, Alterity is entitled to future
royalties of net sales from the assets.
Huntington disease
Huntington disease is a progressive,
autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system caused by a mutation in a gene which encodes the huntingtin
protein. The disease results in physical, cognitive and behavioral impairments that lead to severe incapacitation and eventually death,
generally 15-25 years after the onset of the disease. Huntington disease primarily affects adults, usually between the ages of 30 and
50.
US-based researchers presented the
effects of clioquinol in an animal model of Huntington disease, showing evidence of improved behavior, motor skills and inhibition of
the abnormal form of the Huntingtin protein. Based on these findings, several proprietary compounds were tested in collaboration with
researchers based at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, under
a collaborative research agreement. PBT2 has demonstrated efficacy in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington disease.
In July 2008, we received the findings
from a report commissioned by us from US-based clinical researchers on the suitability of PBT2 for Huntington disease. The report recommended
that we proceed to clinical trials in Huntington disease research participants. In late 2012 we finalized the enrolment to a Phase 2 trial
to test PBT2 in patients with Huntington disease over six months. The trial, known as “Reach2HD”, was undertaken under an
U.S. IND application and was conducted in clinical sites across the United States and Australia. The primary objective of the study was
achieved with PBT2 being demonstrated as safe and well tolerated in this first study of PBT2 in Huntington disease.
In 2014, we announced that PBT2 had
been granted Orphan Drug designation in the treatment of Huntington disease by the FDA. In June 2015, the European Commission granted
Orphan Drug designation for PBT2 for the treatment of Huntington disease.
During 2015 and 2016, three new PBT2
Phase 1 trials were completed. The data from these trials provided further safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information on
PBT2. Notwithstanding the clinical safety demonstrated to date with PBT2 in our Phase 2 programs in Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington
disease, in February 2015 we reported that the FDA had placed PBT2 on Partial Clinical Hold, based on toxicology findings.
These toxicology findings limited the dose of PBT2 that could
be used in future trials.
Non-neurodegenerative applications
Antibiotic Resistance
In December 2020, Alterity acquired
an exclusive world-wide license from UniQuest, the commercialisation company of The University of Queensland (UQ), for the development
and commercialization of novel zinc ionophore technology to combat antimicrobial resistance in superbugs. Under the license, Alterity
has the rights to develop and commercialise therapies that re-sensitize bacteria to antibiotics. The licensed technology combines Alterity’s
PBT2 and other zinc ionophores with commonly used antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. A published
article in the high-impact journal Science Translational Medicine, showed that PBT2 could reverse antibiotic resistance to critical
superbugs and demonstrate efficacy in an animal model of sepsis.
Clinical Trials for Our Product Candidates
Our Current Pipeline
ATH434
In July 2019 we announced the completion
of a clinical trial evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of ATH434 in healthy volunteers. The Phase 1 study, conducted in Australia,
recruited 80 adult volunteers which included ten elderly people (over 65 years) with the key goals of assessing the safety, tolerability
and drug disposition within the body (pharmacokinetics) of ATH434 after single and multiple oral dose administration.
The volunteers in the single ascending
dose phase of the study, made up of four individual dose levels in ascending order, received a single oral dose of ATH434 and a blood
sampling over the next 72 hours. In the multiple ascending dose phase of the study, volunteers received eight days dosing with ATH434,
administered as three successively higher dose levels, with intensive blood sampling for pharmacokinetics on days 1 and 8. At the two
highest multiple dose levels, cerebrospinal fluid was collected at steady state to determine drug penetration to the site of action in
the brain. The older adults (≥65 years) received the highest dose level for 8 days as well.
The study was successfully completed
with systemic exposure to the drug comparable between adult and older adult volunteers. ATH434 was found to be safe and well tolerated.
Adverse event rates were found to be comparable with placebo and no subject experienced a serious adverse event or an adverse event that
led to discontinuation of the study drug.
The clinical data were presented at
the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting in May 2019. The presentation was based on an abstract entitled A phase 1 Study of
ATH434, a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of α-synuclein Aggregation, in Adult and Older Adult Volunteers published in the journal
Neurology. In September 2019, we presented a poster titled: A First in Human Study of ATH434, a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor
of α-Synuclein Aggregation at the 2019 International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders (MDS Congress)
in Nice, France. The poster presented findings from the completed Phase 1 trial based on an abstract published in the journal Movement
Disorders.
Alterity applied
to the FDA for Orphan Drug designation for the proposed use of ATH434 for the treatment of MSA, and the designation was granted in January
2019. Orphan designation entitles Alterity to seven years of market exclusivity for the use of ATH434 in the treatment of MSA and qualifies
the sponsor of the drug for various development incentives of the Orphan Drug Act, including tax credits for qualified clinical testing.
In January 2020
it was announced that the European Commission, or EC, granted Orphan Drug designation to ATH434, which entitles Alterity to ten years
of market exclusivity in the European Union, or EU, for the use of ATH434 in the treatment of MSA and other benefits including assistance
in developing clinical protocols, reduced fees and access to EU-funded research grants.
ATH-434-201 Phase 2 Clinical Trial
In July 2022, we commenced our first
Phase 2 clinical trial of ATH434 in patients with early-stage MSA. The trial, known as ATH434-201, is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
investigation that is exploring the effect of ATH434 treatment on imaging and protein biomarkers including excess iron which is an important
contributor to MSA pathology. Clinical endpoints and activity data from wearable sensors will permit comprehensive assessment of ATH434
efficacy along with characterization of safety and pharmacokinetics. The study was expected to enroll approximately 60 adult patients
with early-stage MSA to receive 12 months treatment with one of two dose levels of ATH434 or placebo. The results will provide an opportunity
to detect changes in efficacy endpoints to optimize design of a definitive Phase 3 study.
In November 2023 we announced completion
of enrollment in the ATH434-201 clinical trial. The study enrolled 77 adults with early-stage MSA.
In May 2024, we announced that an independent Data
Monitoring Committee (DMC) completed its third prespecified review of unblinded clinical trial data from the ATH434-201 Phase 2 study.
Consistent with the first two reviews, the DMC expressed no concerns about safety and recommended that the study continue as planned
without modification. This recommendation is an important milestone as participants are able to safely tolerate ATH434 as their time
on study increases.
The ATH434-201 trial is expected to
be completed in November 2024 with topline data expected in January 2025. A presentation of the ATH434-201 trial was delivered at the
American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in April 2024:
| ● | Title: “A Phase 2 Study of ATH434, a Novel Inhibitor of α-Synuclein Aggregation, for the Treatment of Multiple System
Atrophy” |
ATH-434-202 Phase 2 Clinical Trial
In May 2023, we initiated a second
Phase 2 clinical trial entitled, “A Biomarker Study of ATH434 in Participants with MSA.” The Biomarker trial is a single arm
open label study that will enroll up to 15 individuals with advanced MSA. ATH434-202 study participants will receive treatment with ATH434
for 12-months. The study will assess the effect of ATH434 treatment on neuroimaging and protein biomarkers to evaluate target engagement,
in addition to clinical measures, safety, and pharmacokinetics. The selected biomarkers include brain iron which is an important contributor
to MSA pathology and an appropriate target to demonstrate drug activity. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact
of 12 months treatment with ATH434 on brain iron by MRI (QSM/R2*) in a more advanced patient population than is being studied in Alterity’s
randomized Phase 2 trial.
Subsequent to the end of the fiscal
year, in July 2024, we reported positive interim data from the ATH434-202 trial in participants with advanced MSA. The interim analysis
included clinical and biomarker data on 7 participants treated with ATH434 for 6 months and neuroimaging data on 3 participants who were
treated for 12 months. After 6 months of treatment, 43% of participants showed improvement on the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS), indicating
reduced disability on activities of daily living. Over the same period, 29% of participants had stable or improved neurological symptoms
(clinical responders) as assessed by the global impression of change by both the treating physician and the patient. Importantly, the
clinical responders on average had reduced accumulation of iron on MRI in the substantia nigra, putamen and globus pallidus and stable
levels of Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL), a marker of axonal injury, when compared to participants who declined.
Topline data from the ATH434-202 trial
is expected in the first half of 2025.
bioMUSE natural history study for individuals
with MSA
Biomarkers of progression in Multiple
system atrophy (bioMUSE) is a natural history study to track the progression of individuals with early MSA. The study is being conducted
in collaboration with Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the US under the direction of Daniel Claassen, MD, Professor of Neurology
and Principal Investigator. Natural history studies are important for characterizing disease progression in target patient populations.
The goal of the bioMUSE observational study is to optimize patient selection and choose endpoints in the our Phase 2 clinical trials,
and the data generated thus far have been invaluable in informing and reducing risk in these trials.
In May 2024, we hosted a webinar to discuss data
from the bioMUSE Natural History Study. The study enrolled 21 individuals who were observed for 12 months to characterize early-stage
MSA in terms of various biomarkers. In particular, the focus is on brain iron, brain volume, and the pathology in glial support cells.
Utilizing novel MRI technology, Alterity’s partners at Vanderbilt have optimized specialized MRI methods, including machine learning
(a form of artificial intelligence), to establish standardized methods to analyze brain iron and brain volumes with precision. Importantly,
they developed a new, novel imaging biomarker to assess brain volume in MSA affected regions. The bioMUSE data showed a statistically
significant increase in iron over 12 months in the substantia nigra, and statistically significant decreases in brain volume observed
in affected regions at 12 months.
Key data from bioMUSE have been presented
at major medical and scientific meetings listed below. The study continues to generate important scientific data validating our state-of-the-art
approach to utilizing various biomarkers to improve the accuracy of diagnosing MSA. Advanced MRI methods employed in the study, referred
to as quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), have allowed us to measure iron accumulation in multiple areas of the brain affected
in MSA patients. Similarly, standardized methods have been established to analyze brain volumes with precision.
Findings to date indicate that advanced
MRI methods for measuring iron may improve patient selection in clinical trials of disease modifying therapy and have potential to serve
as a biomarker for assessing treatment induced changes. Analysis also demonstrated that wearable sensors can quantify motor impairment
in individuals with MSA that is not captured by neurological examination. This means that wearable sensors can be used to assess disease
progression in clinical trials.
| ● | April 2024 – American Academy of Neurology (AAN), Title: “Neurofilament Light Chain and Clinical Progression in Early
Multiple System Atrophy” |
| ● | November 2023 – American Autonomic Society (AAS) 34th International Symposium on the Autonomic Nervous System, Title: “Relationship
between N-acetylaspartate and neurofilament light chain in multiple system atrophy” |
| ● | August 2023 – International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders (MDS), Titles: “A multimodal
approach for diagnosis of early Multiple System Atrophy”; “Preliminary evidence for evolution of myoinositol and N-acetylaspartate
as biomarkers of disease severity in early-stage Multiple System Atrophy” |
| ● | April 2023 - American Neurological Association, Title: “Wearable Sensors for Quantitative Motor Assessments in MSA” |
| ● | November 2022 - American Autonomic Society, Title: “Urinary symptom profile in early Multiple System Atrophy” |
| ● | October 2022 - American Neurological Association, Title: “Deep Learning Segmentation Improves Precision of Volume Assessment
of Subcortical Structures in early MSA” |
| ● | April 2022 - American Academy of Neurology, Title: “Iron Accumulation Correlates with Disease Severity in Patients with Multiple
System Atrophy” |
| ● | September 2021 - The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Congress, Title: “Non-invasive imaging markers of
iron accumulation in Multiple System Atrophy” |
ATH434 Scientific Peer Validation
Scientific interest in ATH434 and validation
of our approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases continue to grow, with data from the clinical trials and natural history study
presented at global scientific and clinical conferences.
In November 2021, a poster was presented
at the American Autonomic Society 32nd Annual International Symposium. The poster, entitled “Cardiovascular safety and pharmacokinetics
of ATH434, a novel small molecule inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, in adults and older adults, described results from the our
Phase 1 clinical trial conducted in healthy volunteers. In this trial, ATH434 was well tolerated in adult and ≥ 65- year-old volunteers
and demonstrated no cardiac adverse event signal and no clinically significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate at any dose. ATH434
also demonstrated dose dependent pharmacokinetics (PK) after single and multiple oral doses and a half-life that supports twice-daily
dosing
In April 2024, a poster was presented at the World
Orphan Drug Congress, entitled “Biophysical Characteristics of ATH434, a Unique Iron-Targeting Drug for Treating Friedreich’s
Ataxia”. The study evaluated the ability of ATH434 to target the toxic form of iron that drives the pathology of Friedreich’s
Ataxia, a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects young children to young adults. The study also evaluated traditional iron chelators
that are designed to bind iron and remove iron from the body. Conversely, an iron chaperone is designed to bind and redistribute iron
within the body.
In November 2023, a poster was presented at the
Society for Neuroscience, entitled: “Potent Antioxidant and Mitochondrial- protectant Effects of ATH434, a Novel Inhibitor of α-Synuclein
Aggregation with Moderate Iron- binding Affinity”. The study presented new data indicating that ATH434 can preserve mitochondrial
function after oxidative injury and exert direct anti-oxidant activity independent of its iron binding properties, features that were
not observed with another iron binding agent approved for treating iron overload that was also investigated.
In January 2022, data in an animal
model of MSA was published in the Journal of Parkinson’s Disease. The publication, entitled, “The Compound ATH434 Prevents
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity in a Murine Model of Multiple System Atrophy” described a study evaluating the efficacy of ATH434 in genetically
altered mice that develop manifestations of MSA. The investigation demonstrated that in the studied brain region, ATH434 treatment reduced
both the toxic oligomeric and aggregated forms of α-synuclein, a central nervous system protein important for normal function of
nerve cells. ATH434 treatment also reduced the cardinal pathology of MSA (glial cell inclusions), reduced brain iron, preserved neurons,
and improved motor performance. The results independently confirmed the previous findings from a study published in Movement Disorders
in 2021. The 2022 publication concluded that ATH434 is a promising small molecule drug candidate that has potential for treating MSA.
The study was led by David I. Finkelstein, Ph.D., Head of Parkinson’s Disease Laboratory at the Florey Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne.
In June 2021, Movement Disorders,
published results from a study demonstrating that ATH434 reduces α-synuclein related neurodegeneration in a widely accepted murine
model of MSA. The study was performed at the Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical
University of Innsbruck in Austria, a leading laboratory of animal research in MSA, under the direction of Professor Nadia Stefanova.
The pre-clinical study showed that treatment with ATH434 was neuroprotective and improved motor function.
In July 2021, Plos ONE published
an in vitro study concluding that the novel mechanism of action of ATH434 provides a compelling case for its continued development as
a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases associated with iron accumulation.
Patents and Licenses
Patent Matters
Patent matters in biotechnology are highly uncertain
and involve complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, the availability and breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology and pharmaceutical
patents cannot be predicted. Statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some or all
of our inventions outside Australia or prevent us from obtaining patent protection outside Australia, either of which could adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, methods of treating humans are not patentable in many
countries outside Australia and the United States. Moreover, since patent applications are not published until at least 18 months from
their first filing date and the publication of discoveries in the scientific literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot
be certain that we or any of our licensors were the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications or that we or our
licensors were the first to file patent applications for such inventions. Additionally, the grant and enforceability of a patent is dependent
on a number of factors that may vary between jurisdictions. These factors may include the novelty of the invention, the requirement that
the invention not be obvious in the light of prior art (including prior use or publication of the invention), the utility of the invention,
and the extent to which the patent clearly describes the best method of working the invention.
While we intend to seek patent protection for our
therapeutic candidate products and technologies, we cannot be certain that any of the pending or future patent applications filed by us
or on our behalf will be approved, or that we will develop additional proprietary products or processes that are patentable or that we
will be able to license any other patentable products or processes. We also cannot be certain that others will not independently develop
similar products or processes, duplicate any of the products or processes developed or being developed by us or licensed to us, or design
around the patents owned or licensed by us, or that any patents owned or licensed by us will provide us with competitive advantages. Furthermore,
we cannot be certain that patents held by third parties will not prevent the commercialisation of products incorporating the technology
developed by us or licensed to us, or that third parties will not challenge or seek to narrow, invalidate or circumvent any of the issued,
pending or future patents owned or licensed by us.
Our commercial success will also depend, in part,
on our ability to avoid infringement of patents issued to others. If a court of competent jurisdiction determines that we were infringing
any third party patents, we could be required to pay damages, alter our products or processes, obtain licenses or cease certain activities.
We cannot be certain that the licenses required under patents held by third parties would be made available on terms acceptable to us
or at all. To the extent that we are unable to obtain such licenses, we could be foreclosed from the development, export, manufacture
or commercialisation of the product requiring such license or encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to design around
such patents, and any of these circumstances could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may have to resort to litigation to enforce
any patents issued or licensed to us or to determine the scope and validity of third-party proprietary rights. Such litigation could result
in substantial costs and diversion of effort by us. We may have to participate in opposition proceedings before the Australian Patent
and Trademark Office or another foreign patent office, or in interference proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,
to determine the priority of invention for patent applications filed by competitors. Any such litigation, interference or opposition proceeding,
regardless of outcome, could be expensive and time consuming, and adverse determinations in any such proceedings could prevent us from
developing, manufacturing or commercializing our products and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In addition to patent protection, we rely on unpatented
trade secrets, know-how and other confidential information as well as proprietary technological innovation and expertise. Although we
have taken steps to protect our trade secrets and unpatented know-how, including entering into confidentiality agreements with third parties,
and confidential information and inventions agreements with employees, consultants and advisers, third parties may still obtain this information
or come upon this same or similar information independently.
Patent Portfolio
Since June 30, 2023, we have continued to advance
our patent portfolio that aligns with our development programs.
We previously reported the filing of a patent family
claiming over 150 imidazo[l,5-a]pyridine compounds that modulate biological iron and are potentially useful for the treatment of neurological
diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The patent was filed under the United States expedited review
procedure, known as Track One, and we announced allowance of the United States application No. 16/818,641 on November 16, 2020 and its
granting on July 1, 2021. In securing the patent grant, no prior art was cited against the application. A national phase application driving
priority from PCT application, No. PCT/AU2020/050235 was filed in September 2021 in each of Europe, Japan, China, Canada, Australia and
India. On August 23, 2023, a European Patent was granted, patent number 3938364.
We also previously reported that on June 18, 2020,
we filed a provisional application to register a patent that claims an additional 80 novel compounds, also that modulate biological iron
and also titled “Compounds for and Methods of Treating Diseases”. This application matured to a PCT application No. PCT/AU2021/050633
on June 18, 2021. Similar to the first mentioned patent application, contemporaneously with filing the PCT application on April 23, 2021,
we also filed United States complete, application No. 17/239,375, under Track One. We announced allowance of the United States application
on August 4, 2021, and in securing the allowance, no prior art was cited against the application. On October 26, 2021, the application
was granted as US patent no. 11155547. The application is currently under examination in Europe. An application has been filed in Australia
and awaits examination. The filed application is in the examination process in China, the European Patent Office, and Japan.
On August 27, 2021, we filed a PCT application
No. PCT/AU2021/050,986 to register a patent that claims an additional 150 novel compounds, all of which modulate biological Zinc for the
potential treatment of cancer, neurological diseases and infectious diseases, and is titled “Compounds for and Methods of Treating
Diseases”. On the same date we also filed a United States complete application, application No. 17/459854, under United States track
1 expedited review procedure. The patent was granted in the US on February 23, 2023, patent number 11603364.
On September 24, 2023, we filed a provisional
application in the USA to register a patent that claims a method of use ATH434 and related compounds in non-neurologic diseases. We intend
to convert this to a nonprovisional in September 2024.
On July 12, 2024, we filed a provisional
application No. 63/670299 to register a patent that claims a dosing method for use by ATH434 for the treatment of neurological disease
supported by clinical data.
On July 31, 2024, we filed a provisional application
with No. 2024902369 claiming 39 novel compounds potentially useful for the treatment of neurological and non-neurological diseases.
| Patent |
|
Status |
|
Invention |
|
“8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives”
Filed: July 16, 2003
PCT/AU03/00914 |
|
Patent in the USA has been Granted. |
|
The invention is directed to chemical scaffolds of the 8-Hydroxyquinoline compounds class and their utility in the treatment of neurological conditions. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
8-hydroxy and 8-mercapto quinazolinones
Filed October 3, 2003
PCT/AU2003/001303 |
|
Expiry June 7, 2026 |
|
The Invention is directed towards Follow-up Scaffolds and their utility in the treatment of neurological conditions, Covers ATH434 composition of matter. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Neurologically - Active Compounds”
Filed: April 1, 2005
PCT/AU2005/000477 |
|
Patents have been Granted in Australia, the USA, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, and Italy. |
|
The invention is directed to ‘F4’ quinazolinone chemical structures and their utility in the treatment of neurological conditions and includes Parkinson’s Disease lead compounds. It covers the ATH434 composition of matter. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Quinazolinone compounds”
Filed: December 24, 2008
PCT/AU2009/001701 |
|
Patents have been Granted in Australia , the USA, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, and Italy. |
|
The invention is directed to 2,3 disubstituted
quinazolinone compounds used in the treatment
of Parkinson’s Disease. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Method of treating immunoglobulin light chain
amyloidosis”
Filed: July 1, 2016
PCT/AU2017/050678
|
|
Patent in the USA and Japan has been Granted. |
|
The invention is directed to the treatment of light chain amyloidosis with a known compound. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Compounds for Methods of Treating
Diseases”
Filed: March 13, 2020
PCT/AU2020/050235 |
|
A US patent and an EP patent have been granted. National phase applications have been filed in Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, and Italy. Examination processes are underway in Japan, and Australia. |
|
The invention is directed to 150 novel compounds and their utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Compounds for Methods of Treating Diseases”
Filed: June 18, 2021
PCT/AU2021/050633 |
|
A US patent has been granted. An application has been filed in Australia and awaits examination. The filed application is in the exam process in China, EP, and Japan. |
|
The invention is directed to 80 novel compounds and their utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Novel Therapy”
Filed: September 22, 2023
PCT application No. 63/584,790 |
|
Provisional application filed in the US. Nonprovisional application to be filed in September 2024. |
|
This invention is directed method of use of ATH434 and related compounds in non-neurologic diseases. Co-inventorship with personnel from State University of Buffalo in New York (USA). |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Novel Therapy”
Filed: July 12, 2024
PCT application No. 63/670299 |
|
Provisional application filed in the US. |
|
This invention is directed to clinical method of dosing of ATH434 in neurological disorders such as Multiple System Atrophy. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
“Compounds for and Methods of Treating Disease”
Filed: July 31, 2024
PCT application No. 2024902369 |
|
Provisional PCT application |
|
This invention is directed to 39 novel compounds and their utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. |
Competition
The pharmaceutical industry is extremely competitive.
We believe that we will face competition in differing levels of intensity in all of the areas in which we are conducting research. ATH434,
if approved for the treatment of MSA, may compete in a highly competitive market. Our competitors, which are located worldwide, are numerous
and include, among others, major pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, universities and other research institutions. These competitors
may develop technologies and products that are more effective than any that we are developing, or which would render our technology and
products obsolete or non-competitive. Many of these competitors have greater financial, research and screening capabilities, technical
resources and manufacturing and marketing capabilities than we do. In addition, many of our competitors may have more experience than
we do in non-clinical and human clinical trials of new or improved drugs, as well as in obtaining FDA, EMA, TGA and other regulatory approvals.
We cannot provide assurance that we can compete effectively with these other competitor companies.
There are currently no approved drugs for the treatment
of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). If we are able to successfully develop ATH434 and gain approval for the treatment of MSA, we may compete
with the following drug candidates which are in development:
| ● | Lu
AF82422: This product is being developed by H. Lundbeck A/S. It is administered by injection and is thought to act by interfering with
the extracellular spread of the α-synuclein protein. In January 2024, Lundbeck reported that their Phase 2 trial did not show statistical
significance on its primary endpoint of slowing the rate of progression of MSA. |
| ● | TAK-341/MEDI341:
This product is being developed by Takeda in partnership with AstraZeneca. It is administered by injection and is thought to act by interfering
with the extracellular spread of the α-synuclein protein. A Phase 2 study is being planned. |
| ● | Ono-2808:
Ono Pharmaceuticals is developing this S1P5 receptor agonist. It is an oral gent thought to act by promoting myelin synthesis. A Phase
2 clinical trial is ongoing. |
| ● | AAV-GDNF:
AskBio is developing this gene therapy. It is administered in spinal fluid and is thought to reduce abnormal protein accumulation. A
Phase 1/2 study is ongoing. |
| ● | TEV-56286(formerly/Anle138b):
This product is being developed by Teva Pharmaceuticals. It is an oral agent and is thought to act as a non-specific inhibitor of protein
aggregation. A Phase 2 trial is ongoing. |
| C. | Organizational
Structure |
We have two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Alterity
Therapeutics Inc. and Alterity Therapeutics UK Limited, incorporated in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively.
| D. | Property,
Plant and Equipment |
Our executive offices are located at Level 14,
350 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia, where we occupy approximately 105 square meters. The lease for the facility, which
expires on 31 May 2026 has an annual rent of A$54,727. Our United States office is located at Suite 360, 39899 Balentine Drive, Newark,
California 94560, United States of America, where we occupy approximately 911 square feet. The lease for the facility, which expires on
May 31, 2024, and has been extended to May 31,2025 has an annual rent of U.S.$27,558. We also utilize a facility at 30 Flemington Rd,
Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia, where we occupy approximately 44 square meters. The lease for the facility has been extended to 31 July,2025
and has an annual rent of A$16,157.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF
COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM
5. Operating and FINANCIAL review and Prospects
The following discussion and analysis includes
certain forward-looking statements with respect to the business, financial condition and results of operations of our company. The words
“estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements within the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements,
including those risk factors contained in Item 3.D. of this annual report. You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction
with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this annual report.
Background
We were incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth
of Australia on November 11, 1997. The principal listing of our ordinary shares and listed options to purchase our ordinary shares is
on the ASX. From September 5, 2002 until April 8, 2019, our ADSs traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “PRAN.”
On April 8, 2019 we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited and our ADSs have traded under the symbol “ATHE” and
our ordinary shares have traded under the symbol “ATH” since that date.
Our consolidated financial statements appearing
in this annual report comply with IFRS as issued by IASB. In this annual report, all references to “U.S. dollars” or “U.S.$”
are to the currency of the United States, and all references to “Australian dollars” or “A$” are to the currency
of Australia. All of our revenues are generated in Australian dollars, except for interest earned on foreign currency bank accounts, and
the majority of our expenses are incurred in Australian dollars.
Overview
We are a development stage enterprise at an early
to mid-stage in the development of our pharmaceutical products that are designed to treat the underlying causes of neurodegeneration of
the brain. We have incurred net losses since inception and expect to incur substantial and increasing losses for the next several years
as we expand our research and development activities and move our product candidates into later stages of development. All of our product
candidates are in discovery phase or early and mid-stage of development and we face the risks of failure inherent in developing drugs
based on new technologies. The process of carrying out the development of our products to later stages of development may require significant
additional research and development expenditures, including nonclinical testing and clinical trials, as well as for obtaining regulatory
approval. To date, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, proceeds from the exercise of options,
government grants, licensing and research collaborations and interest income.
Since completing our initial public offering and
listing process on the ASX on March 28, 2000, we have concentrated our resources toward the pursuit of our disease targets. We have completed
four Phase 1 studies of PBT2 and a Phase 2a clinical trial for PBT2 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We have completed the
“IMAGINE” Phase 2 biomarker imaging trial in Alzheimer’s disease and a fifty-two week open label IMAGINE Extension study
and the “Reach2HD” Phase 2a trial in Huntington disease. In 2019, we completed a Phase I clinical trial of ATH434 in healthy
volunteers and in 2022 we commenced a Phase 2 clinical trial of ATH434 in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), a rare and highly debilitating
Parkinsonian disorder. For details regarding clinical trials for our lead compounds, see Item 4.B. “Information on the Company -
Business Overview - Clinical Trials for Our Product Candidates.”
Going Concern Basis
The Group is a development stage medical biotechnology company and
as such expects to be utilizing sources of cash funding until its research activities have become marketable. The Group has incurred recurring
losses since inception including a net loss of $19,123,464 in the year ended 30 June 2024 (2023: $13,806,515) and a net operating cash
outflow of $12,605,824 in the year ended 30 June 2024 (2023: $20,035,837). The Group expects to continue incurring losses into the foreseeable
future and will need to raise additional capital to continue the development of its planned research and development programs. The continuing
viability of the Group is subject to its ability to raise additional capital to finance the continuation of its planned research and development
programs, maintaining implemented cost containment and deferment strategies, and successfully commercializing its initiatives. The Group
intends to raise new equity funding within six months of the financial year end to enable progression of its planned research and development
programs, however there is uncertainty associated with its ability to successfully raise such funds in the time and amounts needed to
meet its requirements.
The inability to obtain funding, as and when needed, would have a negative
impact on the Group’s financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies. If the Group is unable to obtain the required
funding to operate and to develop and commercialize its product candidates, it could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all
of its research and development programs, which would adversely affect its business prospects.
As a result of these matters, there is a material uncertainty that
may cast significant doubt (or raise substantial doubt as contemplated by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”)
standards) on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realize its assets and
discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group
will continue as a going concern which contemplates the continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities
in the ordinary course of business and do not include adjustments that would result if the Group were unable to continue as a going concern.
Significant Costs and Expenses
Research and development expenses. Our research
and development expenses consist primarily of expenses for contracted research and development activities conducted by third parties on
our behalf. Research and development expenses also include costs associated with the acquisition, development of patents and salaries
and fees paid to employees and consultants involved in research and development activities.
General and administration expenses. Our
general and administration expenses consist of (i) personnel expenses such as directors’ fees, salaries and benefits paid to employees
and officers and equity-based payments awarded to directors, officers and employees; (ii) auditor and accounting expenses which are fees
paid to our auditors for services related to annual reports and interim reports filed or submitted in Australia and the United States
and fees paid to other accounting firms in respect of tax and other accounting advice; (iii) public relations and marketing expenses which
are fees paid to outside consultants for services related to ASX and SEC announcements and presentations; (iv) depreciation expenses;
and (v) other administrative and office expenses.
Intellectual property expenses. Our intellectual
property expenses consist of fees paid to our outside counsel for legal fees associated with patent applications and for the defence of
patents.
Other gains and losses. Other gains and
losses consist of foreign exchange gain (loss) which are the net unrealized gain or loss on cash balances and trade and other payables
held in foreign currencies (primarily U.S. dollars, British Pounds and Euros) as well as net realized gains and losses on foreign currency
transactions.
Results of Operations
Year ended June 30, 2024 compared to year ended June 30, 2023
Interest income
Interest income increased to A$268,419 for the
year ended June 30, 2024 from A$16,436 for the year ended June 30, 2023, an increase of A$251,983, or 1,533.1%. The increase in interest
income is primarily attributable to higher Australian dollar cash balances with higher interest rates during the current fiscal year.
Other Income
We have recognised a receivable and other income
of A$4,019,285 for the R&D Tax Incentive refundable cash offset in relation to eligible expenditure for the year ended June 30, 2024,
on which we are entitled to a 43.5% refundable offset under an Australian R&D tax incentive scheme that was introduced on July 1,
2019.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognised
a receivable and other income of A$3,914,230 for the R&D Tax Incentive refundable cash offset in relation to eligible expenditure
for the year.
Research and development expenses
Our research and development expenses increased
to A$18,644,047 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from A$13,198,583 for the year ended June 30, 2023, an increase of A$5,445,464 or 41.3%.
The increase is attributable to certain research and development studies during the current year.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased to
A$4,762,643 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from A$5,056,571 for the year ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of A$293,928 or 5.8%. The decrease
is mainly attributable to management’s efforts in reducing expenses and preserving cash.
Intellectual property expenses
Intellectual property expenses, which include patent
portfolio costs and intellectual property related legal costs, decreased to A$214,304 for the year ended June 30, 2024 from A$285,067
for the year ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of A$70,763 or 24.8%. This decrease is mainly due to management’s efforts in reducing
expenses and preserving cash.
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
We recorded a foreign exchange gain of A$261,152
for the year ended June 30, 2024 compared to a foreign exchange gain of A$917,650 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Foreign exchange gain
(loss) reflects the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash that we hold in U.S. dollars, British Pounds and Euros.
In the 2024 and 2023 fiscal year, the Australian dollar depreciated against the U.S. dollar, which had a favorable impact on the Australian
dollar value of our cash held in U.S. dollars. In the 2024 fiscal year, we incurred a foreign exchange gain of A$260,356 attributable
to the cash balances that we held in U.S. dollars, and a foreign exchange gain of A$796 attributable to foreign currency transactions.
In the 2023 fiscal year, we incurred a foreign exchange gain of A$914,942 attributable to the cash balances that we held in U.S. dollars,
and a foreign exchange gain of A$2,708 attributable to foreign currency transactions.
For a comparison of our results of operations
between year ended June 30, 2023 and year ended June 2022, see Item 5.A. “Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form
20-F as filed with the SEC on August 31, 2023.
Inflation and Seasonality
Management believes inflation has not had a material
impact on our company’s operations or financial condition and that our operations are not currently subject to seasonal influences.
Conditions in Australia
We are incorporated under the laws of, and our
principal offices and research and development facilities are located in, the Commonwealth of Australia. Therefore, we are directly affected
by political and economic conditions in Australia. See Item 3.D. “Key Information – Risk Factors – Risks Relating to
Our Location in Australia” for a description of factors that could materially affect our operations.
Recently Issued International Accounting Standards and Pronouncements
New and amended Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued
and effective
There were no new or amended standards adopted
by the Group in the year ended June 30, 2024 that materially impacted the Group. These financial statements follow the same accounting
policies as compared to the June 30, 2023 consolidated financial statements and related notes as filed with the Australian Securities
Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Australian Disclosure Requirements
Dividends
No dividends have been paid during the financial
year (2024: nil). The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend in respect of the current financial year (2023: nil).
Significant changes in the state of affairs
There have been no significant changes in the state
of affairs of the Group during the year.
Events since the end of the financial year
No other matters or circumstances have arisen since
June 30, 2024 that have significantly affected the Group’s operations, results or state of affairs, or may do so in future years.
Likely developments and expected results of operations
The likely developments in our operations, to the
extent that such matters can be commented upon, are covered in Item 5A of this report.
Environmental regulation
We are involved in scientific research and development,
and the activities do not create any significant environmental impact to any material extent. Our scientific research activities are in
full compliance with all prescribed environmental regulations.
| B. | Liquidity
and Capital Resources |
We are a development stage company, have had no
sales income to date and as of June 30, 2024, our accumulated deficit totaled A$214,161,131. We had A$12,638,885 of cash and cash equivalents
as of June 30, 2024, compared to A$15,773,783 as of June 30, 2023.
From inception until our initial public offering
in March 2000 we financed our operations primarily through borrowings from two of our then directors, which were repaid from the proceeds
of such offering. Since our initial public offering, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of equity securities, proceeds
from the exercise of options, government grants, licensing and research collaborations and interest earned on investments.
In November 2023, we received commitments for a
capital raising of $4.8 million by means of a private placement. The private placement was conducted at 0.0035 per new share. For every
new share issued, one free attaching short-dated option was issued.
In February 2024, we received commitments for a
capital raising of $3.25 million by means of a Placement. The Placement was conducted at 0.0038 per new share. For every three new share
issued, one free attaching listed option was issued.
In February 2024, we received commitments for a
capital raising of $2 million by means of a Securities Purchase Plan. The number of securities issued to the SPP participants on 2 February
2024 following the scaleback and pursuant to ASX Listing Rule 7.1, and which are within the volumes approved by shareholders at the EGM,
are:
| ● | 571,428,556 SPP Shares at A$0.0035 (0.35 Australian cents)
per SPP Share (ASX:ATH); and |
| ● | 571,428,556 unlisted Short-Dated Options (each with an exercise
price of A$0.007, expiring on 31 August 2024) (ASX: ATHAAI); and |
| ● | 190,476,123 listed Long-Dated Options (each with an exercise
price of A$0.01, expiring on 31 August 2026) (ASX: ATHO). |
On February 15, 2024 we entered into a Sales Agreement,
or the Sales Agreement, with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, or JonesTrading, under which we may issue and sell ADSs from time
to time pursuant to a Prospectus Supplement through JonesTrading acting as agent. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement,
JonesTrading will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the ADSs from time to time, based upon our instructions. JonesTrading
is entitled to a commission at a fixed commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross sales price per shares sold. Sales of the ADSs under
the Sales Agreement may be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule
415 of the Securities Act Regulations. On February 15, 2024, we filed a Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering of up to US$6,000,000
in ADSs with the SEC.
As of June 30, 2024, we had a total of 3,250
billion unlisted and listed unexercised options outstanding. The options have exercise prices ranging from A$0.02 to A$0.09. If all unlisted
options were exercised, we would receive consideration of A$28.6 million in total.
From inception to June 30, 2024, our capital expenditures
have totaled A$849,729, consisting of computer equipment, furniture and fixtures, fit-out costs and laboratory equipment that is being
used in connection with our research facility at The University of Melbourne. Capital expenditures for equipment are depreciated on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 3 to 20 years, with a net balance as of June 30, 2024 of A$32,154. We currently
do not have significant capital spending requirements, but we expect to continue to engage in capital spending consistent with anticipated
growth in our operations and personnel.
We believe the Australian Government tax incentive
scheme relating to eligible research and development activities, introduced on July 1, 2011, will provide us with significant benefits
in future years. Such eligible R&D activities include but are not limited to:
| ● | Core
activities, which are experimental activities whose outcome cannot be known or determined in advance, but can only be determined by applying
a systematic progression of work; |
| ● | Core
activities conducted for the purpose of generating new knowledge (including new knowledge in the form of new or improved processes and
materials); or |
| ● | Supporting
activities that are directly related and designed to support the above. |
Under the research and development tax incentive
scheme, entities with an aggregated turnover for the income year of less than A$20 million will be entitled to a 43.5% refundable tax
incentive. In the year ended June 30, 2024, we recorded A$4.0 million in other income with respect to funds we will receive in relation
to the 2024 financial year under the research and development tax incentive scheme.
We have incurred recurring losses since inception,
including operating losses of $19.1 million and $13.8 million for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and an operating
cash outflow of $12.6 million and $20 million, respectively. We expect to continue incurring losses into the foreseeable future and will
need to raise additional capital to continue the development of our planned research and development programs, and as a result, this creates
a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt (or raise substantial doubt as contemplated by the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (“PCAOB”) standards) on our ability to continue as a going concern and therefore, that we may be unable to realize our
assets and discharge our liabilities in the normal course of business. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of its assets and the satisfaction of our liabilities in
the normal course of business.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for
the periods presented:
| | |
Year ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
(A$) | |
| Net cash (used) in operating activities | |
| (12,605,824 | ) | |
| (20,035,837 | ) | |
| (12,337,274 | ) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | |
| (5,722 | ) | |
| (36,461 | ) | |
| (89,147 | ) |
| Net cash generated from financing activities | |
| 9,216,292 | | |
| 124,340 | | |
| 16,304,558 | |
| Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | |
| (3,395,254 | ) | |
| (19,947,958 | ) | |
| 3,878,137 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | | |
| 28,115,516 | |
| Exchange rate adjustments on cash held in foreign currencies | |
| 260,356 | | |
| 914,942 | | |
| 2,813,146 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | |
Net cash used in operating activities was A$12,605,824,
A$20,035,837 and A$12,337,274 during the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our payments to suppliers and employees
during the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were A$21,393,136, A$19,943,617 and A$16,875,144, respectively. Our operating activity
receipts for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of A$8,583,477, Nil and A$4,126,364 consisted of R&D tax incentive refunds.
The A$1,449,519 increase in payments to suppliers and employees for the year ended June 30, 2024 when compared to the year ended June
30, 2023 reflects the increase in activity during the year due to conduct of the Phase 2 study of ATH434. During the years ended June
30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our payments to suppliers and employees was offset in part by interest received of A$269,075, A$15,798 and A$2,755
respectively.
Net cash used in investing activities was A$5,722,
A$36,461 and A$89,147 during the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash flows used for investing activities was
primarily attributable to payments for purchase of property and equipment for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Net cash generated from financing activities
was A$9,216,292, A$124,340 and A$16,304,558 for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Cash generated from financing activities
in the year ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 related to proceeds from the issuance of shares amounting to A$10,144,682, A$316,675 and
A$17,176,040 respectively.
An unrealized foreign exchange gain of A$260,356
was incurred for the year ended June 30, 2024 an unrealized foreign exchange gain of A$914,942 was incurred for the year ended June 30,
2023 and an unrealized foreign exchange gain of A$2,813,146 was incurred for the year ended 2022. In 2024, the Australian dollar depreciated
against the U.S. dollar by 0.35%. In 2023, the Australian dollar depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 3.60%. In 2022, the Australian
dollar depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 8.19%.
| c. | Research
and Development, Patents and Licenses |
In recent years, we have continued our practice
of building valuable research collaborations with institutes based in Australia, the United States and other countries to enable us to
investigate a variety of therapeutic indications including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington disease, Parkinsonian movement disorders
and selected cancers. These collaborative arrangements ensure that we work with well-respected laboratories with specific expertise in
screening and animal modelling of relevance to the particular indication, without incurring ongoing administrative and personnel costs.
We maintain in-house patent counsel and research and development project expertise to coordinate these research collaborations.
Our research and development expenses consist primarily
of expenses for contracted research and development activities conducted by third parties on our behalf, including personnel, testing
facilities and other payments in accordance with our research and clinical agreements. Research and development expenses also include
costs associated with the acquisition and development of patents. Due to the numerous variables and the uncertain nature of the development
of a clinical compound, including obtaining regulatory approvals, we are not able to reasonably estimate the nature, timing and costs
of the future expenditures necessary to complete our research and development projects, the anticipated completion dates of each project
and when material net cash flows from our research and development programs will commence.
When a product candidate is identified as suitable
for clinical development, we establish a project team to coordinate all non-clinical and clinical development and manufacturing activities.
Typically, we engage a clinical research organization to manage patient enrollment, data management, clinical site coordination and statistical
analysis, as is the case with the development of our lead compound ATH434 through Phase 1 and 2 development. We manage our manufacturing
campaigns through clinical manufacturing organisations for quality assurance and GMP compliance. All clinical, non-clinical, clinical
development and manufacturing of our compounds is performed in compliance with the appropriate governing authorities, regulators and standards
(for example, the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use).
Our technology does not currently require the licensing
of enabling technology licenses or freedom to operate licenses. Our product candidates are designed and synthesised by our employees and
the intellectual property of such product candidates is owned by us.
We are a development stage company and while we
believe that our technology will offer novel therapeutic strategies into an expanding market, we cannot predict with any degree of accuracy
the outcome of our research or commercialisation efforts.
We have not commercialised any products to date.
Accordingly, any trends within the markets in which we operate are expected to have more direct impact on our business in the event that
we are successful in commercialising our product candidates, including ATH434 and new candidate products.
We will need substantial additional funding in
order to complete the development, testing and commercialisation of our product candidates. The commitment to these projects will require
additional external funding, at least until we are able to generate sufficient cash flow from sale of one or more of our products to support
our continued operations. If adequate funding is not available, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate certain aspects of
our operations or attempt to obtain funds through unfavorable arrangements with partners or others that may force us to relinquish rights
to certain of our technologies, products or potential markets or that could impose onerous financial or other terms. Management is continuing
its efforts to obtain additional funds so that we can meet our obligations and sustain operations. See Note 1 (Going Concern Basis) of
our accompanying financial statements.
| E. | Critical
Accounting Estimates |
Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated
and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on
the entity and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
We make estimates and assumptions concerning the
future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions
that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial
year are discussed below.
Share-based Payments
The value attributed to share options and remuneration
shares issued is an estimate calculated using an appropriate mathematical formula based on an option pricing model. The choice of models
and the resultant option value require assumptions to be made in relation to the likelihood and timing of the conversion of the options
to shares and the value and volatility of the price of the underlying shares.
Clinical Trial Accruals
Clinical trial costs are charged to research and development expense
as incurred. We accrue for expenses resulting from contracts with CROs, investigators and consultants, and under certain other agreements
in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract
to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided. Our objective
is to reflect the appropriate trial expense in the financial statements by matching the appropriate expenses with the period in which
services and efforts are expended. In the event advance payments are made to a CRO, the payments will be recorded as a prepaid clinical
trial expenses, which will be expensed as services are rendered.
The CRO contracts generally include pass-through
fees including, but not limited to, regulatory expenses, investigator fees, travel costs and other miscellaneous costs, including shipping
and printing fees. We estimate our clinical accruals based on reports from and discussion with clinical personnel and outside services
providers as to the progress or state of completion of trials, or the services completed. We estimate accrued expenses as of each balance
sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. Our clinical trial accrual is dependent, in part, upon the receipt
of timely and accurate reporting from the CROs and other third-party vendors.
R&D Tax Incentives
The Australian Government replaced the research and development tax
concession with the research and development tax incentive from July 1, 2011. The provisions provide refundable or non-refundable tax
offsets. The research and development tax incentive applies to expenditure incurred and the use of depreciating assets in an income year
commencing on or after July 1, 2011. A 43.5% refundable tax offset will be available to eligible small companies with an annual aggregate
turnover of less than $20 million. Management has assessed these activities and expenditure to determine which are likely to be eligible
under the incentive scheme. For the period to June 30, 2024 the Group has recorded an item in other income of A$4.0 million (2023: A$3.9
million, 2022: A$4.7 million) to recognize this amount which relates to this period.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR
MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
(Start of the Remuneration Report for Australian Disclosure Requirements)
| A. | Directors
and Senior Management |
Our directors and executive officers are as follows:
| Name |
|
Age |
|
Position |
| Geoffrey P. Kempler |
|
69 |
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors |
| David A. Stamler |
|
63 |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
| Lawrence B. Gozlan |
|
45 |
|
Director |
| Peter A. Marks(1) (2) |
|
68 |
|
Director |
| Brian D. Meltzer(1)(2) |
|
70 |
|
Director |
| Kathryn Andrews (3) |
|
57 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
| Phillip Hains |
|
64 |
|
Company Secretary and Chief Financial Officer |
| (1) | Member of the Audit Committee |
| (2) | Member of the Remuneration Committee and Share Plan Committee |
| (3) | Kathryn
Andrews resigned 30 January 2024 |
Mr. Geoffrey Kempler has served as Chairman
of our Board of Directors since November 1997; between November 1997 and August 2004 he served as our Chief Executive Officer and again
assumed the position of Chief Executive Officer from June 2005 until January 2021. Mr. Kempler is one of the founders of our company.
Mr. Kempler qualified as psychologist with extensive experience in
investment and business development. He served as a Chairman and Non-Executive Director of Opthea Limited (NASDAQ:OPT), from November
2015 until October 2020, is immediate past Chairman of Ausbiotech, Australia’s biotechnology organization, and is a member of the
Industry Advisory Board at the Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health at Monash University, and Chair of Hexima Ltd. Mr. Kempler
holds a B.Sc degree in science from Monash University, Grad. Dip. App. Soc. Psych. degree from Swinburne University.
Dr. David Stamler, M.D. was appointed Chief
Executive Officer in January 2021 and previously served as our Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President, Clinical Development since
May 2017. Prior to joining Alterity, Dr. Stamler served as the Vice President, Clinical Development and Therapeutic Head for Movement
Disorders at Teva Pharmaceutical Industries from 2015 to 2017 after Teva acquired Auspex Pharmaceuticals. Dr Stamler was the Chief
Medical Officer of Auspex from January 2011 until 2015. Dr. Stamler received an M.D. from the University of Chicago—The Pritzker
School of Medicine and a B.A. in Biology from the University of Chicago.
Mr. Lawrence Gozlan has served as a director
of our Group since August 2011. Mr. Gozlan, a leading biotechnology investor and advisor, is the Chief Investment Officer and Founder
of Scientia Capital, a specialised global investment fund focused exclusively in life sciences. Scientia Capital was founded to provide
high level expertise and to manage investments for high net worth individuals, family offices and institutional investors wanting exposure
to the biotechnology industry. Prior to this, Mr. Gozlan was responsible for the largest biotechnology investment portfolio in Australia
as the institutional biotechnology analyst at QIC (“the Queensland Investment Corporation”), an investment fund with over
A$60 billion under management. He previously worked as the senior biotechnology analyst in the equities team at Foster Stockbroking Pty
Ltd and gained senior corporate finance experience advising life sciences companies at Deloitte. Mr. Gozlan is currently a Director of
Opthea Limited, (NASDAQ:OPT). He holds a Bachelor of Science with Honors in microbiology and immunology from the University of Melbourne.
Mr. Peter Marks has served as a director of our Group since
July 2005. Peter has over 35 years’ experience in corporate advisory and investment banking. Over the course of his long career, he has
specialised in capital raisings, IPOs, cross border, M&A transactions, corporate underwriting and venture capital transactions for
companies in Australia, the United States and Israel. He has been involved in a broad range of transactions with a special focus in the
life sciences, biotechnology, medical technology and high tech segments. Mr. Marks served as a director on the Board of Elsight Limited
(ASX:ELS) between January 2020 and October 2021, on the Board of Nyrada Inc. (ASX:NYR) between January 2020 and August 2022, and currently
serves on the Board of Noxopharm Limited (ASX:NOX) (appointed in March 2016) and EverGreen Lithium Limited (ASX:EG1) (appointed in January
2022). Mr. Marks has a MBA, Bachelor of Economics, Bachelor of Law, and Grad Dip in Commercial Law Experience and expertise.
Mr. Brian Meltzer has served as a director
of our Group since December 1999. Subsequent to several years as Chief Economist of ICI Australia (now Orica), Mr. Meltzer spent 25 years
in investment banking. His breadth of expertise includes major property transactions, corporate advisory, corporate finance, management
buyouts, venture capital and large-scale syndications. He has held a number of Board and Board Advisory roles for private companies in
the human resources, health and wellness, aged care, software, entertainment and finance sectors, including Director of a federal government
licensed Innovation Investment Fund. In 2015 he acquired a corporate health division of an American multinational then grew it five-fold
before selling it in 2021 to the subsidiary of a Canadian multinational. Mr. Meltzer is also a Director of the Australia-Israel Chamber
of Commerce and Chairman of Independence Australia, a social enterprise.
Mr. Phillip Hains has served as Company
Secretary for our Group since November 2014. Mr Hains was appointed as Chief Financial Officer in January 2024.Mr. Hains is a Chartered
Accountant operating a specialist public practice, “The CFO Solution”, now part of “Acclime” Australia. The CFO
Solution focuses on providing back office support, financial reporting and compliance systems for listed public companies. A specialist
in the public company environment, Mr. Hains has served the needs of a number of company boards and their related committees. He has over
30 years’ experience in providing businesses with accounting, administration, compliance, and general management services.
There are no family relationships among our directors
and senior executives.
Directors’ Interests
The relevant interest of each director, as defined
by section 608 of the Corporations Act, in the share capital of the Group, as notified by the directors to the ASX in accordance with
section 205G(1) of the Corporations Act, at the date of this report is as follows:
| Director | |
Number of
ordinary
shares | | |
Number of
options over
ordinary
shares | |
| Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| 14,000,000 | |
| Lawrence Gozlan | |
| — | | |
| 7,000,000 | |
| Peter Marks | |
| 7,185,968 | | |
| 16,523,809 | |
| Brian Meltzer | |
| 7,469,523 | | |
| 16,523,809 | |
Meeting of Directors
The number of meetings our board of directors (including
committee meetings of directors) held during the year ended June 30, 2024 and the number of meetings attended by each director were:
| | |
Board Meetings | | |
Audit Committee
Meetings | | |
Remuneration
Committee Meetings | |
| Director | |
A | | |
B | | |
A | | |
B | | |
A | | |
B | |
| Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 7 | | |
| 7 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
| Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 7 | | |
| 7 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
| Peter Marks | |
| 7 | | |
| 7 | | |
| 4 | | |
| 4 | | |
| 2 | | |
| 2 | |
| Brian Meltzer | |
| 7 | | |
| 7 | | |
| 4 | | |
| 4 | | |
| 2 | | |
| 2 | |
| A |
= |
Number of meetings held during the time the director held office or was a member of the committee. |
| B |
= |
Number of meetings attended |
| — |
= |
Not a member of the relevant committee |
Board Diversity
The following matrix sets
forth Board diversity information required by the Nasdaq’s rules for Alterity as a foreign private issuer
| Board Diversity Matrix |
| |
| Country of Principal Executive Offices: |
|
Australia |
| Foreign Private Issuer |
|
Yes |
| Disclosure Prohibited under Home Country Law |
|
No |
| Total Number of Directors |
|
4 |
| | |
Female | |
Male | |
Non-
Binary | |
Did Not
Disclose
Gender | |
| Part I: Gender Identity | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Directors | |
0 | |
4 | |
| |
| |
| Part II: Demographic Background | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| LGBTQ+ | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Did Not Disclose Demographic Background | |
| |
4 | |
| |
| |
The remuneration report is set out under the following
main headings:
| a) | Principles
used to determine the nature and amount of remuneration |
| b) | Details
of remuneration |
| c) | Share-based
compensation |
| d) | Key
management personnel disclosure |
| e) | Employment
contracts of Directors and other key management personnel |
| a) | Principles
used to determine the nature and amount of remuneration |
Remuneration policy
Remuneration of all Executive and Non-Executive
Directors, Officers and Employees of our Group is determined by the Board following recommendation by the Remuneration Committee.
We are committed to remunerating Senior Executives
and Executive Directors in a manner that is market- competitive and consistent with “Best Practice” including the interests
of Shareholders. Remuneration packages are based on fixed and variable components, determined by the Executives’ position, experience
and performance, and may be satisfied via cash or equity.
In accordance with the approval of our shareholders
at our 2004 annual general meeting of shareholders, the aggregate amount available per annum for the remuneration of our non-executive
directors for their services (payable in cash, ordinary shares or options) is A$1,250,000.
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Base fees | |
| | |
| |
| Board – member (inclusive of Superannuation) | |
| 70,000 | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Board Chairman (exclusive of Superannuation) | |
| 100,000 | | |
| 100,000 | |
Remuneration policy versus financial performance
The Group’s remuneration policy is not entirely
based on our performance, but rather on industry practice.
The Group’s primary focus is research activities
with a long-term objective of developing and commercializing our research and development results.
The tables below set out summary information about
our earnings and movement in shareholder wealth for the five years to June 30, 2024:
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | | |
2021 | | |
2020 | |
| | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Interest income | |
| 268,419 | | |
| 16,436 | | |
| 2,504 | | |
| 20,676 | | |
| 17,117 | |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) | |
| (15,309,353 | ) | |
| (13,456,800 | ) |
No dividends have been paid for the five years
to June 30, 2024.
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | | |
2021 | | |
2020 | |
| | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| ASX share price at start of the year | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.03 | | |
| 0.03 | | |
| 0.03 | |
| ASX share price at end of the year | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.03 | | |
| 0.02 | |
| Basic and diluted loss per share (cents) | |
| (0.52 | ) | |
| (0.57 | ) | |
| (0.53 | ) | |
| (0.90 | ) | |
| (1.50 | ) |
We believe that our performance in terms of earnings
will remain negative while we continue in the research and/or trial phase. Shareholder wealth reflects this speculative and volatile market
sector. This pattern is indicative of our performance over the past 5 years. Due to the stage of the Company, remuneration has remained
consistent over this period.
Performance based remuneration
The purpose of a performance bonus is to reward
individual performance in line with our Group’s objectives. Consequently, performance-based remuneration is paid to an individual
where the individual’s performance clearly contributes to a successful outcome for our Group. This is regularly measured in respect
of performance against key performance indicators (“KPI’s”).
We use a variety of KPI’s to determine achievement,
depending on the role of the Executive being assessed.
For details of remuneration refer to Employment
Contracts of Directors and Key Management Personnel below.
| b) | Details
of remuneration |
The following table sets forth all compensation
we paid for the year ended June 30, 2024 with respect to each of our directors and executive officers during the 2024 fiscal year.
| | |
Short Term
Benefits | | |
Post-
Employment
Superannuation | | |
Long Term
Benefits
Long-
service | | |
Termination | | |
Equity | | |
| |
| | |
Base Fee | | |
Bonus | | |
Contribution | | |
Leave | | |
Benefit | | |
Options | | |
Total | |
| 2024 | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Directors’ remuneration | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler (2) | |
| 269,000 | | |
| - | | |
| 11,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 280,000 | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 63,063 | | |
| - | | |
| 6,937 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| | |
| 472,063 | | |
| - | | |
| 17,937 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 490,000 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other key management personnel | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Dr. David Stamler (3) | |
| 716,615 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| - | | |
| (13,232 | ) | |
| - | | |
| 552,622 | | |
| 1,422,068 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) | |
| 196,334 | | |
| - | | |
| 20,549 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| (32,567 | ) | |
| 201,147 | |
| | |
| 912,949 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| 20,549 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| 520,055 | | |
| 1,623,215 | |
| Total | |
| 1,385,012 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| 38,486 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| 520,055 | | |
| 2,113,215 | |
| (1) | Ms.
Kathryn Andrews resigned 30 January 2024 and served out her notice period accordingly. The unvested FY21 equity options for Kathryn Andrews
were forfeited due to cessation of employment. |
| (2) | Includes
$169,000 corporate advisory fees paid to an associate entity of Mr. Geoffrey Kempler for business advisory services including investor
relations, marketing and business development. |
| (3) | Dr. David Stamler gets paid in US dollars. |
The following table sets forth all compensation
we paid for the year ended June 30, 2023 with respect to each of our directors and executive officers during the 2023 fiscal year.
| | |
Short Term
Benefits | | |
Post-
Employment
Superannuation | | |
Long Term
Benefits
Long-
service | | |
Termination | | |
Equity | | |
| |
| | |
Base Fee | | |
Bonus | | |
Contribution | | |
Leave | | |
Benefit | | |
Options | | |
Total | |
| 2023 | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Directors’ remuneration | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler (2) | |
| 302,800 | | |
| - | | |
| 10,500 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 313,300 | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 63,348 | | |
| - | | |
| 6,652 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| | |
| 506,148 | | |
| - | | |
| 17,152 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 523,300 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other key management personnel | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Dr. David Stamler (1)(3) | |
| 731,381 | | |
| 194,570 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 724,047 | | |
| 1,649,998 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) | |
| 294,921 | | |
| - | | |
| 25,292 | | |
| 7,215 | | |
| - | | |
| 40,128 | | |
| 367,556 | |
| | |
| 1,026,302 | | |
| 194,570 | | |
| 25,292 | | |
| 7,215 | | |
| - | | |
| 764,175 | | |
| 2,017,554 | |
| Total | |
| 1,532,450 | | |
| 194,570 | | |
| 42,444 | | |
| 7,215 | | |
| - | | |
| 764,175 | | |
| 2,540,854 | |
| (1) | Base
Fee includes movements in the annual leave provision for Ms. Kathryn Andrews and Dr. David Stamler in accordance with their employment
contracts. |
| (2) | Includes
A$202,800 in corporate advisory fees paid to an associated entity of Mr. Geoffrey Kempler for business advisory services including investor
relations, marketing and business development. |
| (3) | Includes
A$194,570 performance bonus, in accordance with his employment contract based on the achievement of individual and corporate goals covering
clinical, research and finance for the 2023 calendar year. |
Performance income as a proportion of total remuneration
All executives are eligible to receive incentives
as determined by the Board from time to time. Their performance payments are based on a set monetary value, set number of shares or options
or as a portion of base salary. Therefore, there is no fixed proportion between incentive and non-incentive remuneration.
Non-Executive Directors are not entitled to receive
bonuses and/or incentives. In the previous year, the Directors have received equity as part of their total remuneration. Employees have
received equity as recommended by the Remuneration Committee.
| | |
Fixed remuneration | | |
STI | | |
LTI | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
% | | |
% | | |
% | | |
% | | |
% | | |
% | |
| Directors | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 100 | | |
| 100 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 100 | | |
| 100 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 100 | | |
| 100 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 100 | | |
| 100 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Other key management personnel | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 49 | | |
| 44 | | |
| 12 | | |
| 12 | | |
| 39 | | |
| 44 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| 100 | | |
| 89 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 11 | |
Long-term incentive (“LTI”) related
to remuneration were provided in the form of share-based payments.
Short-term incentives (“STI”) related
to remuneration were provided in the form of cash bonus.
| c) | Share-based
compensation |
We have an Employee and Consultant Plan designed
to reward Executives, Employees and/or Consultants for their contributions. Due to our United States presence, a United States plan, and
an Australian plan were also developed. At June 30, 2024, equity had been issued to four (4) Directors, one (1) Key Management Personnel,
nine (9) employees and five (5) consultants under the 2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan which is described on page 59.
The term and conditions of each grant of options
affecting Directors and Key Management Personnel remuneration in this reporting period are as follows:
| Grant date | |
Date vested and
exercisable | |
Expiry date | |
Exercise
price | | |
Vested | |
Value per
option at grant
date | |
| September 18, 2020 | |
September 18, 2020 | |
September 17, 2025 | |
$ | 0.09 | | |
Yes | |
$ | 0.03 | |
| January 7, 2021 | |
January 6, 2023 onwards | |
January 6, 2026 | |
$ | 0.03 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.03 | |
| July 31, 2021 | |
July 31, 2021 | |
July 31, 2024 | |
$ | 0.07 | | |
Yes | |
$ | 0.03 | |
| November 29, 2021 | |
November 29, 2022 onwards | |
November 29, 2026 | |
$ | 0.02 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.02 | |
| November 29, 2021 | |
November 29, 2022 onwards | |
November 29, 2026 | |
$ | 0.04 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.02 | |
| December 21, 2023 | |
December 21, 2023 | |
December 19, 2026 | |
$ | 0.01 | | |
Yes | |
$ | 0.005 | |
| March 13, 2024 | |
March 13, 2024 onwards | |
March 13, 2029 | |
$ | 0.004 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.004 | |
| March 13, 2024 | |
March 13, 2024 onwards | |
March 13, 2029 | |
$ | 0.005 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.004 | |
| March 21, 2024 | |
March 21, 2024 onwards | |
March 21, 2029 | |
$ | 0.003 | | |
Partially | |
$ | 0.004 | |
Options granted under the plan carry no dividend
or voting rights.
When exercisable, each option is convertible into
one ordinary share as soon as practical after the receipt by us of the completed exercise form and full payment of such exercise price.
The exercise price of options will be equal to
or less than the weighted average price at which our shares are traded on the Australian Securities Exchange during the 5 days up to and
including the grant date or such other exercise price that the Remuneration Committee determines to be appropriate under the circumstances.
The plan rules contain a restriction on removing
the ‘at risk’ aspect of the instruments granted to executives. Plan participants may not enter any transaction designed to
remove the ‘at risk’ aspect of an instrument before it vests.
As of June 30, 2024, Dr. David Stamler was issued
with 120,000,000 options over ordinary shares, there were no options over ordinary shares issued as remuneration to any other key management
personnel of our Group during the current financial year (2023: nil).
No ordinary shares were issued as a result of exercise
of remuneration options by Directors and Key Management Personnel of Alterity Therapeutics Limited during the current or previous financial
year.
| d) | Key
management personnel disclosure |
Options and right holdings
The number of options over ordinary shares of our
Group held during the financial year by each Director of Alterity Therapeutics Limited and other Key Management Personnel of our Group,
including their personally related parties, are set out below:
| Share Options of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2023
No. | | |
Granted as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Options
Expired
No. | | |
Other
movements (2) | | |
Balance
June 30,
2024
No. | | |
Total
Vested and
Exercisable
June 30,
2024
No. | | |
Total
Unvested
June 30,
2024
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (5,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| 120,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| 220,916,529 | | |
| 104,740,244 | | |
| 116,176,285 | |
| | |
| 131,392,720 | | |
| 120,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| 23,571,427 | | |
| 274,964,147 | | |
| 158,787,867 | | |
| 116,176,285 | |
All vested options are exercisable at the end of
the year and there were 116,176,285 options unvested as of June 30, 2024.
| (1) | Options
held by Kathryn Andrews were forfeited upon resignation on 30 January, 2024. |
| (2) | Other movements include options acquired through participation
in the placement. |
| Share Options of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2022
No. | | |
Granted as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Options
Expired
No. | | |
Other
movements (1) | | |
Balance
June 30,
2023
No. | | |
Total
Vested and
Exercisable
June 30,
2023
No. | | |
Total
Unvested
June 30,
2023
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 19,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (5,000,000 | ) | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| 1,250,000 | | |
| 3,750,000 | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| 32,368,255 | | |
| 59,024,465 | |
| | |
| 140,142,720 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (8,750,000 | ) | |
| 131,392,720 | | |
| 68,618,255 | | |
| 62,774,465 | |
| (1) | Other
movements represents expired options. |
Shares provided on exercise of remuneration options
No ordinary shares were issued to key management
personnel as a result of the exercise of remuneration options during the financial year ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.
Shareholdings
The number of our ordinary shares held during the
financial year by each Director of our Group and other Key Management Personnel other than for remuneration, including their personally
related parties, are set out below:
| Fully Paid Ordinary Shares of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2023
No. | | |
Received as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Received on
Exercise of
Options
No. | | |
Net Change
Other
No. (1) | | |
Balance
June 30,
2024
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,011,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 326,666 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 7,469,523 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 43,111 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 7,185,968 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 10,697,857 | |
| | |
| 21,935,777 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 21,428,571 | | |
| 43,364,348 | |
| (1) | Net Change Other; include options acquired through participation
in the placement. |
| Fully Paid Ordinary Shares of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2022
No. | | |
Received as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Received on
Exercise of Options
No. | | |
Net Change
Other
No. | | |
Balance
June 30,
2023
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,011,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 326,666 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 326,666 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 43,111 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 43,111 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler (1) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| 3,555,000 | |
| | |
| 18,380,777 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| 21,935,777 | |
Loans to key management personnel
There were no loans made to the Directors or other Key Management
Personnel, including their personally related parties.
| e) | Employment
contracts of Directors and other key management personnel |
The following Directors and Key Management Personnel
were under contract at June 30, 2024:
| Key management personnel |
|
Duration |
|
Notice Requirements |
|
Termination |
| David Stamler |
|
Until termination by either party. Signed 6 January 2021. |
|
Each party will be required to provide 6 months’ notice of termination unless otherwise agreed to in writing. |
|
Accrued entitlements including all unreimbursed business expenses
Vested but unexercised options shall be exercisable within 30 days
after the date of termination |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested options will terminate automatically without further
notice |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
For Good Reason, Dr. Stamler may terminate at any time upon written notice, with 6 months’ notice. |
|
Payment of accrued salary, accrued but unused vacation pay and approved but unreimbursed expenses that are owed to date of termination Payment equivalent to 100% of current annualized salary |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Vested but unexercised options shall be exercisable within 30 days
after the date of termination
Unvested options will terminate automatically without further notice |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
With Cause, the Group may terminate at any time upon written notice |
|
Payment limited to accrued salary, accrued but unused vacation pay and approved but unreimbursed expenses that are owed to date of termination. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
All options shall be canceled upon date of termination |
(End of Remuneration Report)
Introduction
Our Board of Directors is elected by and accountable
to our shareholders. Our Board of Directors’ responsibilities are divided into operating activities, financial and capital markets
activities and scientific activities. The Chairman of our Board of Directors, currently Mr. Geoffrey Kempler, is responsible for the management
of the Board of Directors and its functions.
Election of Directors
Directors are elected at our annual general meeting
of shareholders. Under our Constitution, the term of office of our directors are staggered, such that at every annual general meeting
of shareholders one-third, rounded down to the nearest whole number, of the directors, except a Managing Director, must retire from office
and may offer himself/herself for re-election. No director, except a Managing Director, shall retain office for a period in excess of
three years without submitting for re-election. Our Board of Directors has the power to appoint any person to be a director, either to
fill a vacancy or as an additional director (provided that the total number of directors does not exceed the maximum allowed by law),
and any director so appointed may hold office only until the next annual general meeting when he or she shall be eligible for election.
Non-Executive and Independent Directors
Australian law does not require a company to appoint
a certain number of independent directors to its board of directors or audit committee.
Under the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, a majority
of our Board of Directors must qualify as independent directors within the meaning of the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, each of whom
satisfies the respective “independence” requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs. Peter Marks and Brian Meltzer qualifies as an independent director under the
NASDAQ Stock Market and the Securities and Exchange Commission. As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on The NASDAQ Capital
Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements of The NASDAQ Stock
Market Rules. This includes NASDAQ rule 5605(b)(1) requiring a majority of independent directors.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has established the following
committees:
Audit Committee. The NASDAQ Stock
Market rules require us to establish an audit committee comprised of at least three members, each of whom is financially literate and
satisfies the respective “independence” requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and NASDAQ and one of whom
has accounting or related financial management expertise at senior levels within a company. As a foreign private issuer whose shares are
listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain
requirements of The NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. This includes the Rule related to Audit Committee Composition rule 5605(c)(2)(A)): we may
have an audit committee composed of two members instead of “at least three members”.
Our Audit Committee assists our Board of Directors
in overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of our company and audits of our financial statements, including the integrity
of our financial statements, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, our independent public accountants’ qualifications
and independence, the performance of our internal audit function and independent public accountants, and such other duties as may be directed
by our Board of Directors. The Audit Committee is also required to assess risk management. The audit committee meets at least four times
per year.
Our Audit Committee currently consists of two board
members, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the NASDAQ Market
Rules. Our Audit Committee is currently composed of Messrs. Marks and Meltzer. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Meltzer
meets the definition of an audit committee financial expert, as defined by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Remuneration Committee. Our
Board of Directors has established a Remuneration Committee, which is comprised solely of independent directors, within the meaning of
the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. The Remuneration Committee is responsible for reviewing the salary, incentives and other benefits of our
executive officers and to make recommendations on such matters for approval by our Board of Directors. The Remuneration Committee is also
responsible for overseeing and advising our Board of Directors with regard to the adoption of policies that govern our compensation programs,
including share and ADS option and employee benefit plans. Additionally, the Remuneration Committee administers our share and ADS option
plans and any other employee benefit plans.
Directors’ Service Contracts
There are no arrangements or understandings between
us and any of our subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for benefits upon termination
of their employment or service as directors of our company or any of our subsidiaries.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Our Constitution provides that, subject to the
Australian Corporations Act, every director, secretary, manager or officer of our company or any person employed by our company as auditor
shall be indemnified out of our funds against all liability incurred by such person as a director or officer in defending proceedings,
whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in the persons favor or in which the person is acquitted in connection with any
application under the Australian Corporations Act in which relief is granted to the person by a Court.
Under our Constitution no director, auditor or
other officer shall be liable for (i) any acts, receipts, neglect or defaults of any other director or officer for joining in any receipt
or other act for conformity; (ii) any loss or expense that may happen to us through the inefficiency or deficiency of title to any property
acquired by order of the directors or on our behalf; (iii) the inefficiency or deficiency of any security in or upon which any of our
monies shall be invested; (iv) any loss or damage arising from bankruptcy, insolvency or tortuous act of any person with whom any monies,
securities or effects shall be deposited; (v) any loss occasioned by any error of judgment, omission, default or oversight on the persons
part; or (vi) any other loss damage or misfortune whatsoever which shall happen in relation to those things unless the same shall happen
through the persons own negligence, default, breach or duty, breach of trust or dishonesty.
In addition, our Constitution provides that to
the extent permitted by law, we may pay, or agree to pay, a premium in respect of a contract insuring a person who is or has been an officer
of our company or one of our subsidiaries against a liability:
| |
● |
incurred by the person in his or her capacity as an officer of our company or a subsidiary of our company provided that the liability does not arise out of a conduct involving a willful breach of duty in relation to our company or a subsidiary of our company; or |
| |
● |
for costs and expenses incurred by that person defending proceedings, whatever their outcome. |
We maintain a directors’ and officers’
liability insurance policy. We have established a policy for the indemnification of our directors and officers against certain liabilities
incurred as a director or officer, including costs and expenses associated in successfully defending legal proceedings.
We consider our employees
the most valuable asset of our company. We offer competitive compensation and comprehensive benefits to attract and retain our employees.
We believe that an engaged workforce is key to maintaining our ability to innovate.
As of June 30, 2024, we had 10 employees. Of
such employees, eight persons are employed in research and development and two persons in management and administration. Seven employees
are located in Australia and three employees are located in the United States.
As of June 30, 2023, we had 11 employees. Of
such employees, eight persons are employed in research and development and three persons in management and administration. Seven employees
are located in Australia and four employees are located in the United States.
As of June 30, 2022, we had 12 employees. Of
such employees, nine persons are employed in research and development and three persons in management and administration. Seven employees
are located in Australia and five employees are located in the United States.
Australian and US labor laws and regulations apply
to our employees accordingly. The laws concern various matters, including severance pay rights at termination, retirement or death, length
of work day and work week, minimum wage, overtime payments and insurance for work-related accidents.
Beneficial Ownership of Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth certain information
as of September 26, 2024 regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares by each of our directors and executive officers and
by all our directors and executive officers as a group:
| Name | |
Number of
Ordinary
Shares
Beneficially
Owned (1) | | |
Percentage of
Ownership(2) | |
| Geoffrey P. Kempler (3) | |
| 32,011,000 | | |
| 0.57 | % |
| Kathryn J.E. Andrews (4) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| David A. Stamler (5) | |
| 115,438,101 | | |
| 2.05 | % |
| Lawrence B. Gozlan (6) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 0.12 | % |
| Peter A. Marks (7) | |
| 23,709,777 | | |
| 0.42 | % |
| Brian D. Meltzer (8) | |
| 23,993,332 | | |
| 0.43 | % |
| All directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons) | |
| 202,152,210 | | |
| 3.59 | % |
| 1. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Ordinary shares relating to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of the above table are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. |
| 2. |
The percentages shown are based on 5,626,658,038 consisting of 5,245,658,038 ordinary shares and 381,542,720 options, issued and outstanding as of September 26, 2024. |
| 3. |
Includes options to purchase 14,000,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable for A$0.09 each on or before September 17, 2025. Of the 18,011,000 outstanding ordinary shares, 30,000 ordinary shares are held of record by Mr. Kempler, 14,165,000 ordinary shares are held by Baywick Pty Ltd., an Australian corporation owned by Mr. Kempler, 156,000 ordinary shares are held by Sadarajak Pty Ltd., an Australian corporation owned by Mr. Kempler, 90,000 ordinary shares are held of record by Crystal Triangle Pty Ltd., an Australian corporation owned by Mr. Kempler and 2,970,000 ordinary shares are held of record by NRB Developments Pty Ltd., an Australian corporation in which Mr. Kempler holds a 50% interest, 600,000 ordinary shares are held of record by Sandhurst Trustees Ltd. Mr. Kempler may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the ordinary shares held of record by Baywick Pty Ltd., Crystal Triangle Pty Ltd., NRB Developments Pty Ltd. and Sandhurst Trustees Ltd. |
| 4. |
Kathryn Andrews resigned January 30,2024. |
| 5. |
Includes vested options to purchase 32,368,255 ordinary shares that are exercisable for A$0.03 each on or before January 6, 2026. Also includes 5,925 ADSs representing 3,555,000 ordinary shares. Includes 7,142,857 Shares and 9,523,809 options as part of the placements during the 2024 year as well as 120,000,000 options under the 2004 ASX Plan. |
| 6. |
Includes options to purchase 7,000,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable for A$0.09 each on or before September 17, 2025. |
| 7. |
Includes options to purchase 7,000,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable for A$0.09 each on or before September 17, 2025. The 43,111 outstanding ordinary shares are held of record by Lampam Pty Ltd., an Australian corporation owned by Mr. Peter Marks. Includes 7,142,857 Shares and 9,523,809 options as part of the placements during the 2024 year. |
| 8. |
Includes options to purchase 7,000,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable for A$0.09 each on or before September 17, 2025. The 326,666 outstanding ordinary shares are held of record by BT Panorama Investment., a superannuation fund of Mr. Meltzer. Includes 7,142,857 Shares and 9,523,809 options as part of the placements during the 2024 year. |
Stock Option Plans
In November 2004, we adopted the 2004 Employees’,
Directors’ and Consultants’ Share and Option Plan, or the 2004 ASX Plan, and the 2004 American Depository Share (ADS) Option
Plan, or the 2004 ADS Plan. In November 2018 we adopted an updated ADS plan with substantially the same terms as the 2004 ADS Plan for
a new ten-year term. For the description below, the 2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan are referred to together as the Stock Option Plans.
Under the 2004 ASX Plan we may issue ordinary shares and under the 2018 ADS Plan we may issue ADSs. We were initially authorized to issue
under the Stock Option Plans up to an aggregate 12,000,000 ordinary shares or ADSs representing 12,000,000 ordinary shares. Pursuant to
subsequent shareholder approvals, the most recent of which was in November 2022, we are entitled to issue up to an aggregate 240,000,000
ordinary shares (or ADSs representing 240,000,000 ordinary shares) under the Stock Option Plans. Any increase in such maximum number of
ordinary shares or ADSs issuable under the Stock Option Plans is subject to shareholder approval.
2004 ASX Plan. The purpose of the
2004 ASX Plan is to promote the interest of our company and the interest of the employees, directors and consultants of our company and
its subsidiaries. Under the 2004 ASX Plan, we may issue to employees, directors and consultants of our company and its subsidiaries, from
time to time, ordinary shares, either by issuance of ordinary shares or under options to purchase ordinary shares granted under the 2004
ASX Plan.
The 2004 ASX Plan is administered by the Share
Plan Committee, a sub-committee of the Remuneration Committee. For the purpose of the disclosure below, the term “Remuneration Committee”
shall refer to the Remuneration Committee or Share Plan Committee, as applicable. Subject to Board approval where required by applicable
law, the Remuneration Committee has the authority, in its sole discretion, to grant options under the 2004 ASX Plan, to interpret the
provisions of the 2004 ASX Plan and to prescribe, amend, and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2004 ASX Plan or any issue
or grant thereunder as it may deem necessary or advisable, subject to any other approval if required by applicable law. All decisions
made by the Remuneration Committee pursuant to the provisions of the 2004 ASX Plan will be final, conclusive and binding on all persons.
The number of shares issued or options granted,
the exercise price and option term or options granted, the vesting schedule and escrow periods of shares issued and options granted, under
the 2004 ASX Plan are determined by the Remuneration Committee, in accordance with the provisions of the ASX Plan, and specified in an
offer document from our company and accepted by the eligible person, subject to the terms of the 2004 ASX Plan. Options granted under
the 2004 ASX Plan will be unlisted and exercisable at an exercise price equal to less than market value of an ordinary share on the ASX
at the date of grant, or such other exercise price that the Remuneration Committee determines to be appropriate under the circumstances.
The term of an option granted under the 2004 ASX Plan will be determined by the Remuneration Committee; however, no option will be exercisable
after the expiration of ten years from the date of its grant. Except as otherwise provided in the 2004 ASX Plan or determined by the Remuneration
Committee and set forth in an offer document, the issuance of shares and exercise of options granted under the 2004 ASX Plan will either
(i) be subject to an escrow, under which such shares or options cannot be disposed of or exercised, respectively, within six months from
the date of issue or grant (or 12 months if issued or granted to a director); or (ii) will vest over a four year period in four equal
installments, 25% at the end of each year from the date of grant. Shares issued and options granted under the 2004 ASX Plan may be subject
to other performance criteria and hurdles, as determined by the Remuneration Committee.
2018 ADS Plan. The purpose of the
2018 ADS Plan is to promote the interests of our company and non-Australian based employees, officers, consultants, independent contractors
and directors. Options granted under the 2018 ADS Plan may be incentive stock options, as provided in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, or non-qualified stock options. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees of our
company and its subsidiaries (including, without limitation, officers and directors who are also employees of our company and its subsidiaries)
and may not be granted to any owner of 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of our company and subsidiaries,
or a 10% Holder. To the extent that the aggregate fair market value, determined on the date that an option is granted, of ADSs, with respect
to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by an optionee during any calendar year exceeds U.S.$100,000, such
option shall be treated as a non-qualified stock option.
Under the 2018 ADS Plan, we may grant to employees,
officers, consultants, independent contractors and directors of our company or any of its subsidiaries, from time to time, options to
purchase ADSs representing our ordinary shares. ADSs that are forfeited under the terms of the 2018 ADS Plan and ADSs that are the subject
to options that expire unexercised or which are otherwise surrendered by an optionee without receiving any payment or other benefit with
respect to such option may again become available for new option grants under the 2018 ADS Plan.
The 2018 ADS Plan is administered by our Share
Plan Committee. Subject to Board approval where required by applicable law, the Remuneration Committee has authority, in its sole discretion,
to grant options under the 2018 ADS Plan, to interpret the provisions of the 2018 ADS Plan and to prescribe, amend, and rescind rules
and regulations relating to the 2018 ADS Plan or any options granted thereunder as it may deem necessary or advisable, subject to any
other approval if required by applicable law. All decisions made by the Remuneration Committee pursuant to the provisions of the 2018
ADS Plan shall be final, conclusive and binding on all persons.
The type of option (incentive stock option or non-qualified
stock option), exercise price, option term and vesting schedule of options granted under the 2018 ADS Plan are determined by the Remuneration
Committee, in accordance with the provisions of the ADS Plan, and specified in an option agreement by and between our company and the
optionee, subject to the terms of the 2018 ADS Plan. The exercise price per each ADS will be determined by the Remuneration Committee
at the time any option is granted, however the exercise price of an incentive stock option will not be less than 100% of the fair market
value of such ADS on the date of the grant and the price of an incentive stock option granted to a 10% Holder will not be less than 110%
of the fair market value of such ADS on the date of the grant. Options granted under the 2018 ADS Plan will not be exercisable after the
expiration of ten years from the date of grant, and in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a 10% Holder, the term of the
option will be five years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the option agreement. The options will vest
over a four-year period in four equal installments, 25% at the end of each year from the date of grant, unless otherwise provided by the
Remuneration Committee in an option agreement.
Options granted under the 2018 ADS Plan are not
assignable or transferable by the grantee, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and may be exercised during the
lifetime of the grantee only by the grantee or his guardian or legal representative.
A summary of the status of the Stock Option Plans
as of June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented below:
| | |
As of June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
Number | | |
Weighted
average
exercise
price
(A$) | | |
Number | | |
Weighted
average
exercise
price
(A$) | | |
Number | | |
Weighted
average
exercise
price
(A$) | |
| Options outstanding at the beginning of the year | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
$ | 0.05 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
$ | 0.05 | | |
| 160,542,720 | | |
$ | 0.09 | |
| Granted | |
| 217,000,000 | | |
$ | 0.004 | | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| 45,150,000 | | |
$ | 0.04 | |
| Exercised | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| - | | |
$ | - | |
| Expired/forfeited | |
| (2,500,000 | ) | |
$ | 0.04 | | |
| (13,150,000 | ) | |
$ | 0.11 | | |
| (21,000,000 | ) | |
$ | 0.08 | |
| Lapsed | |
| (2,500,000 | ) | |
$ | 0.04 | | |
| (1,500,000 | ) | |
$ | 0.02 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Options outstanding at the end of the year | |
| 381,542,720 | | |
$ | 0.02 | | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
$ | 0.05 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
$ | 0.05 | |
| Options exercisable at the end of the year | |
| 195,708,100 | | |
$ | 0.03 | | |
| 87,280,755 | | |
$ | 0.06 | | |
| 60,150,000 | | |
$ | 0.09 | |
Australian Disclosure Requirements
Indemnifying directors and officers
During the financial year, we maintained an insurance
policy to indemnify all current Directors and Officers against certain liabilities incurred as a Director or Officer, including costs
and expenses associated in successfully defending legal proceedings. The contract of insurance prohibits disclosure of the nature of the
liability and the amount of the premium. We have not otherwise, during or since the financial year, indemnified or agreed to indemnify
an Officer or Auditor of our Group or any related body corporate against a liability incurred as such an Officer or Auditor.
Share options on issue during or since the end of the financial
year
During or since the end of the financial year the
unissued ordinary shares of Alterity Therapeutics Limited under options were as follows:
| Date of expiry | |
Exercise
price
(A$) | |
Number
under options | |
| September 17, 2025 | |
0.09 | |
| 35,000,000 | |
| January 6, 2026 | |
0.03 | |
| 91,392,720 | |
| July 31, 2024 | |
0.07 | |
| 12,000,000 | |
| November 29, 2026 | |
0.04 | |
| 14,250,000 | |
| November 29, 2026 | |
0.02 | |
| 11,900,000 | |
| December 19, 2026 | |
0.01 | |
| 8,000,000 | |
| August 31, 2026 | |
0.01 | |
| 932,706,668 | |
| August 31, 2026 | |
0.01 | |
| 1,935,759,704 | |
| March 13, 2029 | |
0.004 | |
| 26,500,000 | |
| March 13, 2029 | |
0.005 | |
| 62,500,000 | |
| March 21, 2029 | |
0.003 | |
| 120,000,000 | |
| | |
| |
| 3,250,009,092 | |
Shares issued as a result of the exercise of options
During the year ended June 30, 2024 none of our
ordinary shares were issued as a result of the exercise of options.
Since June 30, 2024, none of our ordinary shares
were issued as a result of the exercise of options.
There are no amounts unpaid on the shares issued
as a result of the exercise of the options during and since the end of the current financial year. The amount paid per share is the same
as the exercise price.
Proceedings on behalf of our Group
No proceedings have been brought or intervened
in on behalf of our Group with leave of the Court under section 237 of the Corporations Act 2001.
Non-audit services
We may decide to employ the auditor on assignments
additional to their statutory audit duties where the auditor’s expertise and experience with our Group are important, subject to
the limitations imposed by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
Auditor’s independence declaration
A copy of the auditor’s independence declaration
as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit for the year ended June 30, 2024 is included in Exhibit
15.2 of this annual report on Form 20-F.
Corporate governance statement
In accordance with ASX listing Rule 4.10.3, the
Group’s 2024 Corporate Governance Statements can be found on its website at www.alteritytherapeutics.com.
Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Directors
made pursuant to s298(2) of the Corporations Act 2001.
| /s/ Geoffrey Kempler |
|
| Geoffrey Kempler |
|
| Chairman |
|
| Melbourne |
|
| |
|
|
September 26, 2024 |
|
| F. |
Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation. |
Not applicable.
ITEM 7. MAJOR
SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
There are no shareholders known to us who own beneficially
more than 5% of our ordinary shares.
Significant Changes in the Ownership of Major Shareholders
Life Biosciences, LLC reported on Schedule 13/D
filed on August 26, 2022, that it was the beneficial owner of 114,560,553 Ordinary Shares evidenced by 1,909,342 ADSs, representing approximately
4.7% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares.
Major Shareholders Voting Rights
A major shareholder would not have different voting
rights.
Record Holders
As of September 16, 2024, there were 5,552 holders
of record of our ordinary shares, of which 25 record holders, holding approximately 41.89% of our ordinary shares, had registered addresses
in the United States. These numbers are not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our shares nor are they representative
of where such beneficial holders reside, since many of these ordinary shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. The majority
of trading by our U.S. investors is done by means of ADSs that are held of record by HSBC Custody Nominees Ltd., which held 41.1% of our
ordinary shares.
As of August 28, 2023, there were 5,475 holders
of record of our ordinary shares, of which 22 record holders, holding approximately 53.20% of our ordinary shares, had registered addresses
in the United States. These numbers are not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our shares nor are they representative
of where such beneficial holders reside, since many of these ordinary shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. The majority
of trading by our U.S. investors is done by means of ADSs that are held of record by HSBC Custody Nominees Ltd., which held 52.86% of
our ordinary shares.
As of August 26, 2022, there were 5,590 holders
of record of our ordinary shares, of which 22 record holders, holding approximately 59.09% of our ordinary shares, had registered addresses
in the United States. These numbers are not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our shares nor are they representative
of where such beneficial holders reside, since many of these ordinary shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. The majority
of trading by our U.S. investors is done by means of ADSs that are held of record by HSBC Custody Nominees Ltd., which held 58.75% of
our ordinary shares including 6.08% holding by Life Biosciences LLC as of such date.
| B. |
Related Party Transactions |
There were no other related party transactions
other than those related to Director and Key Management Personnel remuneration.
| C. |
Interests of Experts and Counsel |
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
| A. |
Financial Statements and Other Financial Information |
See our consolidated financial statements, including
the notes thereto, in Item 18.
Legal Proceedings
We are not involved in any legal proceedings nor
are we subject to any threatened litigation that is material to our business or financial condition.
Dividend Distribution Policy
We have never paid cash dividends to our shareholders.
We intend to retain future earnings for use in our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the
foreseeable future. Any future dividend policy will be determined by the Board of Directors and will be based upon various factors, including
our results of operations, financial condition, current and anticipated cash needs, future prospects, contractual restrictions and other
factors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant.
Not applicable.
ITEM 9. THE
OFFER AND LISTING
| A. |
Offer and Listing Details |
Australian Securities Exchange
Our ordinary shares have traded on the ASX since
our initial public offering on March 29, 2000 under the symbol “PBT”. On April 8, 2019 we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics
Limited and our shares have traded under the symbol “ATH” since that date.
NASDAQ Capital Market
On September 5, 2002 our ADSs began trading on
the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “PRAN.” On April 8, 2019 we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited and
our ADSs have traded under the symbol “ATHE” since that date.
Not applicable.
The principal listing of our ordinary shares and
listed options to purchase ordinary shares is on the ASX. As of April 5, 2002, our ADSs were eligible to trade on the NASDAQ Capital
OTC Bulletin Board in the United States and until September 5, 2002, our ADSs traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “PRAN.”
On April 8, 2019 we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited and our ADSs have traded under the symbol “ATHE” since
that date. We entered into a Deposit Agreement with the Bank of New York under which the Bank of New York, acting as depositary, issues
ADRs. Prior to March 24, 2016, each ADR represented ten of our ordinary shares. On March 24, 2016, we effected a ratio change so that
each ADS represented 60 ordinary shares (representing a 6-for-1 reverse split). On January 9, 2023, we effected a ratio change so that
each ADS now represents 600 ordinary shares (representing a 10-for-1 reverse split).
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Not applicable.
| B. |
Memorandum and Articles of Association |
We were registered on November 11, 1997 as Prana
Pty Ltd and on November 26, 1999 we converted to a public company and changed our name to Prana Corporation Ltd. On January 1, 2000, we
changed our name to Prana Biotechnology Limited. On April 8, 2019 we changed our name to Alterity Therapeutics Limited. Our registration
number is ACN 080699065.
Alterity’s Purposes and Objects
As a public company we have all the rights, powers
and privileges of a natural person. Our Constitution does not specify any purposes or objects.
The Powers of the Directors
Under the provisions of our Constitution our directors
may exercise all of the powers of our company, other than those that are required by our Constitution or the Corporations Act of Australia
to be exercised at a general meeting of shareholders. A director may participate in a meeting and vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract
in which he or she is materially interested, so long as the director’s interest is declared in accordance with the Corporations
Act. The authority of our directors to enter into borrowing arrangements on our behalf is not limited, except in the same manner as any
other transaction by us.
Annual and Extraordinary Meetings
Our Board of Directors must convene an annual meeting
of shareholders at least once every calendar year, within five months of our last fiscal year-end balance sheet date. Notice of at least
28 days prior to the date of the meeting is required. An extraordinary meeting may be convened by the board of directors, it decides or
upon a demand of any directors, or of one or more shareholders holding in the aggregate at least five percent of our issued capital. An
extraordinary meeting must be called not more than 21 days after the request is made. The meeting must be held not later than two months
after the request is given.
Please refer to Exhibit 2.3 for Items 10.B.3, B.4, B.6, B.7, B.8,
B.9 and B.10.
We do not deem any individual contract to be a
material contract which is not already discussed and filed as an exhibit or in the ordinary course of our business.
Australia has largely abolished exchange controls
on investment transactions. The Australian dollar is freely convertible into U.S. dollars. In addition, there are currently no specific
rules or limitations regarding the export from Australia of profits, dividends, capital, or similar funds belonging to foreign investors,
except that certain payments to non-residents must be reported to the Australian Cash Transaction Reports Agency, which monitors such
transactions, and amounts on account of potential Australian tax liabilities may be required to be withheld unless a relevant taxation
treaty can be shown to apply.
The Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975
Under Australian law, in certain circumstances
foreign persons are prohibited from acquiring more than a limited percentage of the shares in an Australian company without notification
to or approval from the Australian Treasurer. These limitations are set forth in the Australian Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act,
or the Takeovers Act.
Under the Takeovers Act, as currently in effect,
any foreign person, together with associates, is prohibited from acquiring 15% or more of the shares in any company having total assets
exceeding A$266 million or more. In addition, a foreign person may not acquire shares in a company having total assets of A$266 million
or more if, as a result of that acquisition, the total holdings of all foreign persons and their associates will exceed 40% in aggregate
without the approval of the Australian Treasurer. However, for “U.S. Investors” and investors from certain other countries,
a threshold of A$1,154 million applies (except in certain circumstances) to each of the previous acquisitions. A “U.S. Investor”
is defined by the Takeovers Act as a U.S. national or a U.S. enterprise.
If the necessary approvals are not obtained, the
Treasurer may make an order requiring the acquirer to dispose of the shares it has acquired within a specified period of time. Under the
current Australian foreign investment policy, however, it is unlikely that the Treasurer would make such an order where the level of foreign
ownership exceeds 40% in the ordinary course of trading, unless the Treasurer finds that the acquisition is contrary to the national interest.
The same rule applies if the total holdings of all foreign persons and their associates already exceeds 40% and a foreign person (or its
associate) acquires any further shares, including in the course of trading in the secondary market of the ADSs. At present, we do not
have total assets of A$266 million.
If the level of foreign ownership exceeds 40% at
any time, we would be considered a foreign person under the Takeovers Act. In such event, we would be required to obtain the approval
of the Treasurer for our company, together with our associates, to acquire (i) more than 15% of an Australian company or business with
assets totaling over A$252 million; or (ii) any direct or indirect ownership interest in Australian residential real estate.
The percentage of foreign ownership in our company
would also be included in determining the foreign ownership of any Australian company or business in which it may choose to invest. Since
we have no current plans for any such acquisitions and do not own any property, any such approvals required to be obtained by us as a
foreign person under the Takeovers Act will not affect our current or future ownership or lease of property in Australia.
Our Constitution does not contain any additional
limitations on a non-resident’s right to hold or vote our securities.
Australian law requires the transfer of shares
in our company to be made in writing. No stamp duty will be payable in Australia on the transfer of ADSs.
The following is a discussion of Australian and
U.S. tax consequences material to our shareholders. To the extent that the discussion is based on tax legislation which has not been subject
to judicial or administrative interpretation, the views expressed in the discussion might not be accepted by the tax authorities in question
or by court. The discussion is not intended, and should not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and does not exhaust all
possible tax considerations.
Holders of our ADSs should consult their own tax advisors as to
the United States, Australian or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs, including, in particular,
the effect of any foreign, state or local taxes.
AUSTRALIAN TAX CONSEQUENCES
In this section we discuss the material Australian
tax considerations that apply to non-Australian tax residents with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposal of the absolute
beneficial ownership of ADSs, which are evidenced by ADRs. This discussion is based upon existing Australian tax law as of the date of
this annual report, which is subject to change, possibly retrospectively. This discussion does not address all aspects of Australian income
tax law which may be important to particular investors in light of their individual investment circumstances, such as ADSs or shares held
by investors subject to special tax rules (for example, financial institutions, insurance companies or tax exempt organisations). In addition,
this summary does not discuss any foreign or state tax considerations, other than stamp duty. Prospective investors are urged to consult
their tax advisors regarding the Australian and foreign income and other tax considerations of the purchase, ownership and disposition
of the ADSs or shares.
Nature of ADSs for Australian Taxation Purposes
Holders of our ADSs are treated as the owners of
the underlying ordinary shares for Australian income tax and capital gains tax purposes. Therefore, dividends paid on the underlying ordinary
shares will be treated for Australian tax purposes as if they were paid directly to the owners of ADSs, and the disposal of ADSs will
be treated for Australian tax purposes as the disposal of the underlying ordinary shares. In the following analysis we discuss the application
of the Australian income tax and capital gains tax rules to non-Australian resident holders of ADSs.
Taxation of Dividends
Australia operates a dividend imputation system
under which dividends may be declared to be ‘franked’ to the extent of tax paid on company profits. Fully franked dividends
are not subject to dividend withholding tax. Dividends that are not franked or are partly franked and are paid to non-Australian
resident shareholders are subject to dividend withholding tax, but only to the extent the dividends are not franked.
Unfranked dividends paid to a non-resident shareholder
are subject to withholding tax at 30%, unless the shareholder is a resident of a country with which Australia has a double taxation agreement.
In accordance with the provisions of the Double Taxation Convention between Australia and the United States., the maximum rate of Australian
tax on unfranked dividends to which a resident of the United States is beneficially entitled is 15%, where the U.S. resident holds less
than 10% of the voting rights in our company, or 5% where the U.S. resident holds 10% or more of the voting rights in our company.
The Double Taxation Convention between Australia and the United States does not apply to limit the tax rate on dividends where the ADSs
are effectively connected to a permanent establishment or a fixed base carried on by the owner of the ADSs in Australia through which
the shareholder carries on business or provides independent personal services, respectively.
Tax on Sales or other Dispositions of Shares - Capital Gains Tax
Australian capital gains derived by non-Australian
residents in respect of the disposal of capital assets that are not taxable Australian property will be disregarded. Non-Australian
resident shareholders will not be subject to Australian capital gains tax on the capital gain made on a disposal of our shares, unless
they, together with associates, hold 10% or more of our issued capital, tested either at the time of disposal or over any continuous 12
month period in the 24 months prior to disposal, and the value of our shares at the time of disposal are wholly or principally attributable
to Australian real property assets.
Australian capital gains tax applies to net capital
gains at a taxpayer’s marginal tax rate. Previously, certain shareholders, such as individuals were entitled to a discount of 50%
for capital gains on shares held for greater than 12 months. However, as part of the 2012-2013 Federal Budget measures, the Australian
Government announced changes to the application of the CGT discount for foreign resident individuals on taxable Australian assets, including
shares. These changes became effective on June 29, 2013.
The effect of the change is to:
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Retain access to the full CGT discount for discount capital gains of foreign resident individuals in respect of the increase in the value of a CGT asset that occurred before May 9, 2013; and |
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Remove the CGT discount for discount capital gains for foreign resident individuals that arise after May 8, 2013. |
Foreign residents will still have access to a discount
on capital gains accrued prior to May 8, 2013 provided they choose to obtain a market valuation for their assets as of that date.
Net capital gains are calculated after reduction
for capital losses, which may only be offset against capital gains.
Tax on Sales or other Dispositions of Shares - Shareholders Holding
Shares on Revenue Account
Some non-Australian resident shareholders may hold
shares on revenue rather than on capital account, for example, share traders. These shareholders may have the gains made on the
sale or other disposal of the shares included in their assessable income under the ordinary income provisions of the income tax law, if
the gains are sourced in Australia.
Non-Australian resident shareholders assessable
under these ordinary income provisions in respect of gains made on shares held on revenue account would be assessed for such gains at
the Australian tax rates for non-Australian residents, which start at a marginal rate of 32.5% for non-Australian resident individuals.
Some relief from the Australian income tax may be available to such non-Australian resident shareholders under the Double Taxation Convention
between the United States and Australia, for example, because the shareholder does not have a permanent establishment in Australia.
To the extent an amount would be included in a
non-Australian resident shareholder’s assessable income under both the capital gains tax provisions and the ordinary income provisions,
the capital gain amount would generally be reduced, so that the shareholder would not be subject to double tax on any part of the income
gain or capital gain.
Dual Residency
If a shareholder were a resident of both Australia
and the United States under those countries’ domestic taxation laws, that shareholder may be subject to tax as an Australian resident.
If, however, the shareholder is determined to be a U.S. resident for the purposes of the Double Taxation Convention between the United
States and Australia, the Australian tax applicable would be limited by the Double Taxation Convention. Shareholders should obtain specialist
taxation advice in these circumstances.
Stamp Duty
A transfer of shares of a company listed on the
ASX is not subject to Australian stamp duty except in some circumstances where one person, or associated persons, acquires 90% or more
of the shares.
Australian Death Duty
Australia does not have estate or death duties.
No capital gains tax liability is realised upon the inheritance of a deceased person’s shares. The disposal of inherited shares
by beneficiaries, may, however, give rise to a capital gains tax liability.
Goods and Services Tax
The issue or transfer of shares will not incur
Australian goods and services.
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following is a summary of certain material
U.S. federal income tax consequences that generally apply to U.S. Holders (as defined below) who hold ADSs as capital assets. This summary
is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial and
administrative interpretations thereof, and the bilateral taxation convention between Australia and the United States, or the Tax Treaty,
all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. This summary does not
discuss all the tax consequences that may be relevant to an investment in ADSs by a U.S. Holder in light of such holder’s particular
circumstances or to U.S. Holders subject to special rules, including broker-dealers, financial institutions, certain insurance companies,
investors liable for alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt organisations, regulated investment companies, non-resident aliens of the U.S.
or taxpayers whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, persons who hold the ADSs through partnerships or other pass-through entities,
persons who acquired their ADSs through the exercise or cancellation of any employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for their
services, investors that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our shares by vote or value, investors holding ADSs as part of
a straddle or appreciated financial position or as part of a hedging or conversion transaction , and persons required to accelerate the
recognition of any item of income with respect to the ADSs as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement.
If a partnership or an entity treated as a partnership
for U.S. federal income tax purposes owns ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such a partnership will generally
depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partnership that owns ADSs and the partners in such partnership
should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of ADSs.
This summary does not address the effect of any
U.S. federal taxation other than U.S. federal income taxation. In addition, this summary does not include any discussion of U.S. federal
estate and gift tax, state, local or foreign taxation. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the foreign and U.S. federal,
state and local tax considerations of an investment in ADSs.
For purposes of this summary, the term “U.S.
Holder” means an individual who is a citizen or, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a resident of the United States, a corporation
or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof,
an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source, or a trust if (a) a court within the United States
is able to exercise primary supervision over administration of the trust, and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as
a U.S. person.
For purposes of the discussion below, it is
assumed that the representations contained in the deposit agreement governing the ADSs are true and that the obligations in the deposit
agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms.
Taxation of Dividends
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders
of ADSs will be treated as owning the underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs held by them. Subject to the passive foreign
investment company, or PFIC, rules discussed below, the gross amount of any distributions received with respect to the underlying ordinary
shares represented by the ADSs, including the amount of any Australian taxes withheld therefrom, will constitute dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles.
You will be required to include this amount of dividends in gross income as ordinary income. Distributions in excess of our earnings and
profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of your tax basis in the ADSs. Any amount in excess of your tax
basis will be treated as gain from the sale of ADSs. See “Disposition of ADSs” below for the discussion on the taxation of
capital gains. Dividends will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations under Section 243 of
the Code.
Dividends that we pay in Australian dollars, including
the amount of any Australian taxes withheld therefrom, will be included in your income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference
to the exchange rate in effect on the day such dividends are received. A U.S. Holder who receives payment in Australian dollars and
converts Australian dollars into U.S. dollars at an exchange rate other than the rate in effect on such day will likely have a foreign
currency exchange gain or loss, which would be treated as U.S.-source ordinary income or loss.
Subject to complex limitations, any Australian
withholding tax imposed on our dividends will be a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income
tax liability (or, alternatively, for deduction against income in determining such tax liability). The limitations set forth in the Code
include computational rules under which foreign tax credits allowable with respect to specific classes of income cannot exceed the U.S.
federal income taxes otherwise payable with respect to each such class of income. Dividends generally will be treated as foreign-source
passive category income or general category income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, depending upon the holder’s circumstances.
A U.S. Holder will be denied a foreign tax credit with respect to Australian income tax withheld from dividends received with respect
to the underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs to the extent such U.S. Holder has not held the ADSs for at least 16 days of
the 31-day period beginning on the date that is 15 days before the ex-dividend date or to the extent such U.S. Holder is under an obligation
to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property. Any days during which a U.S. Holder has substantially
diminished its risk of loss on the ADSs are not counted toward meeting the 16-day holding period required by the statute. The rules relating
to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex. You should consult with your own tax advisors to determine whether and to
what extent you would be entitled to this credit.
Subject to certain limitations, “qualified
dividend income” received by a non-corporate U.S. Holder will be subject to tax at a reduced maximum tax rate of 20 percent. Distributions
taxable as dividends generally qualify for the 20 percent rate provided that either: (i) the issuer is entitled to benefits under the
Tax Treaty or (ii) the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and certain other requirements
are met. We believe that we are entitled to benefits under the Tax Treaty and that the ADSs currently are readily tradable on an established
securities market in the United States. However, no assurance can be given that the ADSs will remain readily tradable. Furthermore, the
reduced rate does not apply to dividends received from PFICs. The amount of foreign tax credit is limited in the case of foreign qualified
dividend income. U.S. Holders of ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of these rules in their particular circumstances.
Disposition of ADSs
If you sell or otherwise dispose of ADSs, you will
recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale
or other disposition and your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, such gain or loss generally will
be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the ADSs for more than one year at the time of the
sale or other disposition. In general, any gain that you recognize on the sale or other disposition of ADSs will be U.S.-source for purposes
of the foreign tax credit limitation; losses will generally be allocated against U.S.-source income. Deduction of capital losses is subject
to certain limitations under the Code.
In the case of a cash basis U.S. Holder who receives
Australian dollars in connection with the sale or disposition of ADSs, the amount realized will be based on the U.S. dollar value of the
Australian dollars received with respect to the ADSs as determined on the settlement date of such exchange. A U.S. Holder who receives
payment in Australian dollars and converts them into U.S. dollars at a conversion rate other than the rate in effect on the settlement
date may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss.
An accrual basis U.S. Holder may elect the same
treatment of foreign currency gain or loss required of cash basis taxpayers with respect to a sale or disposition of ADSs, provided that
the election is applied consistently from year to year. Such election may not be changed without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service,
or IRS. In the event that an accrual basis U.S. Holder does not elect to be treated as a cash basis taxpayer (pursuant to the Treasury
regulations applicable to foreign currency transactions), such U.S. Holder may have a foreign currency gain or loss for U.S. federal income
tax purposes because of differences between the U.S. dollar value of the Australian dollars received prevailing on the trade date and
the settlement date. Any such currency gain or loss would be treated as ordinary income or loss and would be in addition to gain or loss,
if any, recognised by such U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of such ADSs.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
We are likely a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax
purposes for some U.S. Holders of our ADSs and a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) to other U.S Holders of our ADSs. Our treatment
as a PFIC could result in a reduction in the after-tax return to those U.S. Holders of our ADSs and may affect the value of the securities.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be
classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (i) 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or (ii) at least 50%
of the average value of all of our assets for the taxable year produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose,
cash is considered to be an asset that produces passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents,
annuities and the excess of gains over losses from the disposition of assets that produce passive income. As a result of our substantial
cash position and the decline in the value of our stock, we believe that we became a PFIC during the taxable year ended June 30, 2005.
We believe that we continued to be classified as a PFIC during the taxable year ended June 30, 2022 for some U.S Holders of our ADSs and
may continue to be a PFIC for each of the subsequent fiscal years.
If we are a PFIC with respect to you, our dividends
(if any are paid) will not qualify for the reduced maximum tax rate, discussed above, and, unless you timely elect to “mark-to-market”
your ADSs, as described below:
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you will be required to allocate “excess distributions” or gain recognised upon the disposition of ADRs ratably over your holding period for the ADSs. An “excess distribution” is the amount by which distributions during a taxable year in respect of an ADS exceed 125% of the average annual distributions during the three preceding taxable years (or, if shorter, your holding period for the ADSs). |
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the amount allocated to each year during which we are considered a PFIC, other than the year of the distribution or disposition, will be subject to tax at the highest individual or corporate tax rate, as the case may be, in effect for that year and an interest charge will be imposed with respect to the resulting tax liability allocated to each such year, |
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the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year before we became a PFIC will be taxable as ordinary income in the current year, and |
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you will be required to file an annual return on IRS Form 8621. |
The PFIC provisions discussed above apply to U.S.
persons who directly or indirectly hold stock in a PFIC.
Generally, a U.S. person is considered an indirect
shareholder of a PFIC if it is:
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a direct or indirect owner of a pass-through entity, including a trust or estate, that is a direct or indirect shareholder of a PFIC, |
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a shareholder of a PFIC that is a shareholder of another PFIC, or |
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a 50%-or-more shareholder of a foreign corporation that is not a PFIC and that directly or indirectly owns stock of a PFIC. |
An indirect shareholder may be taxed on a distribution
paid to the direct owner of the PFIC and on a disposition of the stock indirectly owned. Indirect shareholders are strongly urged to consult
their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
If we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, a U.S.
Holder may avoid the continued application of the tax treatment described above by electing to be treated as if it sold its ADSs on the
last day of the last taxable year in which we were a PFIC. Any gain would be recognised and subject to tax under the rules described above
and any loss would not be recognised. A U.S. Holder’s basis in its ADSs would be increased by the amount of gain, if any, recognised
on the sale. Solely for purposes of the PFIC rules, a U.S. Holder would be required to treat its holding period for its ADSs as beginning
on the day following the last day of the last taxable year in which we were a PFIC.
If the ADSs are considered “marketable stock”
and if you elect to “mark-to-market” your ADSs, you would not be subject to the rules described above. Instead, you will generally
include in income any excess of the fair market value of the ADSs at the close of each tax year over your adjusted basis in the ADSs.
If the fair market value of the ADSs has depreciated below your adjusted basis at the close of the tax year, you may generally deduct
the excess of the adjusted basis of the ADSs over its fair market value at that time. However, such deductions generally would be limited
to the net mark-to-market gains, if any, that you included in income with respect to such ADSs in prior years. Income recognised and deductions
allowed under the mark-to-market provisions, as well as any gain or loss on the disposition of ADSs with respect to which the mark-to-market
election is made, are treated as ordinary income or loss (except that loss is treated as capital loss to the extent the loss exceeds the
net mark-to-market gains, if any, that a U.S. Holder included in income with respect to such ADSs in prior years). However, gain or loss
from the disposition of ADSs (as to which a “mark-to-market” election was made) in a year in which we are no longer a PFIC
will be capital gain or loss. Our ADSs should be considered “marketable stock” if they traded at least 15 days during each
calendar quarter of the relevant calendar year in more than de minimis quantities.
A U.S. Holder of ADSs will not be able to avoid
the tax consequences described above by electing to treat us as a qualified electing fund, or QEF, because we do not intend to prepare
the information that U.S. Holders would need to make a QEF election.
Additional Tax on Investment Income
U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates, or
trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, which
will include dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other taxable disposition of ADSs, subject to certain limitations and exceptions.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Payments in respect of ADSs may be subject to information
reporting to the IRS and to U.S. backup withholding tax at a rate equal to the fourth lowest income tax rate applicable to individuals
(which, under current law, is 24%). Backup withholding will not apply, however, if you (i) are a corporation or come within certain exempt
categories and demonstrate the fact when so required or (ii) furnish a correct taxpayer identification number and make any other required
certification.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. tax liability. A U.S. Holder may obtain
a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS, which
is generally an annual income tax return.
U.S. individuals who hold certain specified foreign
financial assets, including stock in a foreign corporation, with values in excess of certain thresholds are required to file IRS Form
8938 with their U.S. federal income tax return. Such form requires disclosure of information concerning such foreign assets, including
their value. Failure to file the form when required is subject to penalties. An exemption from reporting applies to foreign assets held
through a U.S. financial institution, generally including a non-U.S. branch or subsidiary of a U.S. institution and a U.S. branch of a
non-U.S. institution. Investors are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of this disclosure
requirement to their investment in our ADSs.
| F. |
Dividends and Paying Agents |
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of
the Exchange Act, as applicable to “foreign private issuers” as defined in Rule 3b-4 thereunder. As a foreign private issuer,
we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, our proxy solicitations are not subject to the disclosure and
procedural requirements of Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, transactions in our equity securities by our officers and directors
are exempt from reporting and the “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In
addition, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities
are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission an annual report on Form 20-F containing
financial statements that have been examined and reported on, with an opinion expressed by, an independent registered public accounting
firm, and we submit reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 6-K containing (among other things) press releases and unaudited
financial information for the first six months of each fiscal year. We post our annual report on Form 20-F on our website (www.alteritytherapeutics.com)
promptly following the filing of our annual report with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information on our website is not
incorporated by reference into this annual report.
The documents concerning our company referred to
in this annual report may also be inspected at our registered office located at Level 3, 62 Lygon Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia.
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Subsidiary Information |
Not applicable.
| J. |
Annual Report to Security Holders. |
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We invest our excess cash and cash equivalents
in interest-bearing accounts and term deposits with banks in Australia. Our management believes that the financial institutions that hold
our investments are financially sound and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these investments. Certain of our cash
equivalents are subject to interest rate risk. Due to the short duration and conservative nature of these instruments, we do not believe
that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk. Our major market risk is changes in foreign exchange rates as we had approximately
A$225,722, A$15,473,231, and A$29,361,393 cash held in U.S. dollars, which is our major foreign currency, as of June 30, 2024, 2023 and
2022, respectively. A hypothetical 13% adverse movement, based on average of highest and lowest exchange rate during the year, would reduce
the cash balance at the end of each year by approximately A$19,995.
We conduct our activities in mostly in Australia
and the USA. We are required to make certain payments in U.S. dollars and other currencies, however we believe an adverse movement in
end-of-period exchange rates would not have a material impact on our operating results. In the twelve months ended June 30, 2024, the
Australian dollar depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 0.35%. In the financial years 2023 and 2022, the Australian dollar depreciated
by 3.6% and appreciated by 8.19% against the U.S. dollar, respectively. A hypothetical 13% adverse movement in the U.S. dollar would increase
the cost of our foreign currency payables by approximately A$44,984.
We do not currently utilize derivative financial
instruments or other financial instruments subject to market risk.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Fees and Charges Payable by ADS Holders
The table below summarizes the fees and charges
that a holder of our ADSs may have to pay, directly or indirectly, to our depositary, The Bank of New York Mellon, or BNYM, pursuant to
the Deposit Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 2.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-6 filed with the SEC on December 21,
2007, and the types of services and the amount of the fees or charges paid for such services. The disclosure under this heading “Fees
and Charges Payable by ADS Holders” is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Deposit Agreement.
The holder of an ADS may have to pay the following fees and charges to BNYM in connection with ownership of the ADS:
| Persons Depositing or Withdrawing Shares Must Pay: |
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For: |
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U.S.$3.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs) |
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Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property |
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Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates |
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U.S.$0.03 (or less) per ADS |
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Any cash distribution to you |
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A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs |
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Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS holders |
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U.S.$1.50 (or less) per ADS |
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Transfers, combination and split-up of ADSs |
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Expenses of the depositary |
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Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) |
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Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars |
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Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes |
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As necessary |
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Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities |
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As necessary |
The depositary collects its fees for delivery and
surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries
acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed
or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services
by deduction from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting
for them. The depositary may collect any of its fees by deduction from any cash distribution payable to ADS holders that are obligated
to pay those fees. The depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.
From time to time, the depositary may make payments
to us to reimburse and/or share revenue from the fees collected from ADS holders, or waive fees and expenses for services provided, generally
relating to costs and expenses arising out of establishment and maintenance of the ADS program. In performing its duties under the
deposit agreement, the depositary may use brokers, dealers or other service providers that are affiliates of the depositary and that may
earn or share fees or commissions.
Fees and Payments Made by the Depositary to the Company
We incurred expenses in relation to services for
our annual general meeting and special general meeting of shareholders. For the year ended June 30, 2024, we paid BNYM a total of U.S.$43,498
(comprised of payments for the distribution and printing of meeting material and proxy vote tabulation). For the year ended June 30, 2023,
we paid BNYM a total of U.S.$18,066 (comprised of payments for the distribution and printing of meeting material and proxy vote tabulation).
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS,
DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL
MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
ITEM
15. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures
that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarised and reported within the time periods
specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information required to be disclosed by us
in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our chief executive officer and chief
financial officer to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief
financial officer, conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive
officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f)
or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive
and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
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pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; |
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provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and |
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provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use of disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control
over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies
or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2024. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based
on that assessment, our management concluded that as of June 30, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably
likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM
16. Reserved
ITEM 16A. Audit Committee
Financial Expert
Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr.
Brian Meltzer, an independent director, meets the definition of an audit committee financial expert, as defined by rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission. For a brief listing of Mr. Meltzer’s relevant experience, see Item 6.A. “Directors, Senior Management
and Employees - Directors and Senior Management.”
ITEM 16B. Code Of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to
all senior financial officers of our company, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer
or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics is publicly available on our website at www.alteritytherapeutics.com.
Written copies are available upon request. If we make any substantive amendment to the code of ethics or grant any waivers, including
any implicit waiver, from a provision of the codes of ethics, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website.
ITEM 16C. Principal Accountant
Fees And Services
Fees Paid to Independent Public Accountants
The following table sets forth, for each of the
years indicated, the fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers, which has served as our principal independent registered public accounting
firm since November 30, 2006.
| | |
Year Ended June 30, | |
| Services Rendered | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| Audit and review of financial statements (1) | |
A$ | 248,200 | | |
A$ | 246,400 | |
| Other audit services | |
A$ | 95,500 | | |
A$ | 52,000 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total | |
A$ | 343,700 | | |
A$ | 298,400 | |
| (1) | Audit
fees consist of services that would normally be provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, including
services that generally only the independent accountant can reasonably provide. |
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our Audit Committee has adopted policies and procedures
for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm. Pre-approval of an
audit or non-audit service may be given as a general pre-approval, as part of the audit committee’s approval of the scope of the
engagement of our independent registered public accounting firm, or on an individual basis. Any proposed services exceeding general pre-approved
levels also requires specific pre-approval by our audit committee. The policy prohibits retention of the independent registered public
accounting firm to perform the prohibited non-audit functions defined in Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, and also requires the audit committee to consider whether proposed services are compatible with the independence
of the registered public accounting firm. All of the fees described above were pre-approved by our Audit Committee.
ITEM 16D. Exemptions From
The Listing STANDARDS For Audit CommitteeS
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PurchaseS Of Equity
Securities By The Issuer And AffiliateD Purchasers
Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities
Neither we, nor any affiliated purchaser of our
company, has purchased any of our securities during the year ended June 30, 2024.
ITEM 16F. CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Under NASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5615(a)(3), foreign
private issuers, such as our company, are permitted to follow certain home country (Australian) corporate governance practices instead
of certain provisions of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home country practice instead
of any NASDAQ rule must submit to NASDAQ, in advance, a written statement from an independent counsel in such issuer’s home country
certifying that the issuer’s practices are not prohibited by the home country’s laws. We have submitted a notice to NASDAQ
informing them of that we elect to follow home country practice instead of the following NASDAQ rules:
| |
● |
the Rule related to Audit Committee Composition rule 5605(c)(2)(A)): we may have an audit committee composed of two members instead of “at least three members”. We may not follow NASDAQ rules regarding independence of such members (as long as comply Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, subject to the exemptions provided in rule 10A-3(c)), and we may not have a financially sophisticated member as defined. |
| |
● |
the Rule requiring maintaining a majority of independent directors (Rule 5605(b)(1)) |
| |
● |
the Rule requiring that our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present (Rule 56505(b)(2) |
| |
● |
the Rule regarding independent director oversight of director nominations process for directors (Rule 5605(e) |
| |
● |
the Rule regarding independent director oversight of executive officer compensation (Rule 5605(d) |
| |
● |
the requirement to obtain shareholder approval for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans (Rule 5635(c), an issuance that will result in a change of control of the company (Rule 5635(b), certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company (Rule 5635(d) and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company (Rule 5635(a)). |
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICATIONS THAT PREVENT
INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
.
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES
Our board of directors has adopted a securities
trading policy which outlines when directors, senior management and other employees may deal in our securities and procedures to reduce
the risk of insider trading .A copy of the insider trading policy is attached as Exhibit 11.1 to this annual report.
ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Cybersecurity risk management is an integral part
of our risk management framework. Our approach aligns with industry standards, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) , to effectively manage cybersecurity threats and incidents, including those related to third-party
applications and services.
Our framework includes:
| ● | Assessing the severity of cybersecurity threats |
| ● | Identifying the sources of cybersecurity threats |
| ● | Implementing countermeasures and mitigation strategies |
| ● | Reporting material cybersecurity threats and incidents to
management |
Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing
Material Risks from Cybersecurity Threats
| (i) | Integration into Overall Risk Management: |
Cybersecurity risk management is integrated
into our broader risk management system. Regular risk assessments and business impact analyses are conducted to identify critical
systems, applications, and data, as well as potential disruptions and their consequences. The Information Security Officer (ISO)
conducts these assessments, which inform the development of contingency plans including redundancy, backup and recovery, alternate
site operations, and data restoration.
| (ii) | Engagement & Oversight of Third Parties: |
We engage third-party assessors, consultants, and
experts to strengthen our cybersecurity processes. For example, we utilize third-party services for continuous vulnerability scanning,
perimeter testing, Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) , and penetration testing to identify and address potential security weaknesses
in our systems. Additionally, we engage expert architects to help design and maintain secure cloud infrastructures.
Our third-party engagement and oversight process
includes conducting thorough due diligence, performing vendor risk assessments, and maintaining continuous monitoring to ensure that service
providers adhere to our security standards and comply with contractual obligations.
Material Effects of Cybersecurity Threats
In the past year, we did not encounter any cybersecurity
threats that materially affected or are likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Nonetheless, we continuously enhance our cybersecurity posture to mitigate potential material impacts. Our risk management program outlines
procedures for regular log reviews, incident detection, and remediation to ensure ongoing protection of our information systems.
Cybersecurity Governance
Board of Directors’ Oversight
Our Board of Directors plays a critical role in
overseeing cybersecurity risks as part of its broader risk oversight responsibilities. The Information Security Officer (ISO) provides
the board with updates on cybersecurity risks and incidents. Significant cybersecurity incidents are reported to the board to ensure appropriate
and timely responses.
Management’s Role in Assessing and Managing Cybersecurity
Risks
(i) Management Positions and Committees:
The ISO is responsible for developing and maintaining
our cybersecurity and contingency plans, coordinating risk assessments, and managing incident responses. The ISO has extensive experience
in building secure web applications for healthcare. In addition to the ISO, we engage consultants and DevOps engineers with relevant degrees
and certifications to support our cybersecurity efforts. System Owners are responsible for identifying critical systems, assessing risks,
and implementing appropriate security controls.
(ii) Processes for Information and Monitoring:
We have established comprehensive processes for
continuous monitoring and information sharing. These include regular reviews of audit logs, system activity analysis, and the deployment
of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) tools for centralized monitoring. These processes facilitate the timely detection
and response to potential security incidents.
(iii) Reporting to the Board:
The ISO regularly reports to executive management
and the Board of Directors. These reports include findings from risk assessments, incident reports, and updates on the status of ongoing
security initiatives, ensuring that the board is well-informed about our cybersecurity posture.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Our company has elected to furnish financial statements
and related information specified in Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Australian Disclosure Requirements
All press releases, financial reports and other information are available
on our website: https://alteritytherapeutics.com/
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
This page
is intentionally left blank
This page is intentionally left blank
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(in Australian dollars, except number of share)
| | |
| |
June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| Assets | |
| |
| | |
| |
| Current Assets | |
| |
| | |
| |
| Cash and cash equivalents | |
| |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 15,773,783 | |
| Trade and other receivables | |
5 | |
| 4,041,675 | | |
| 8,665,704 | |
| Other current assets | |
6 | |
| 2,356,300 | | |
| 2,609,286 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Current Assets | |
| |
| 19,036,860 | | |
| 27,048,773 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Non-Current Assets | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of A$207,892 and A$181,681 respectively | |
| |
| 32,154 | | |
| 61,776 | |
| Right-of-use assets net of accumulated depreciation of A$224,307 and A$278,245 respectively | |
13 | |
| 154,729 | | |
| 207,087 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Non-Current Assets | |
| |
| 186,883 | | |
| 268,863 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Assets | |
| |
| 19,223,743 | | |
| 27,317,636 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Liabilities | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Current Liabilities | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Trade and other payables | |
7 | |
| 4,619,947 | | |
| 3,517,708 | |
| Provisions | |
8 | |
| 530,699 | | |
| 729,202 | |
| Other current liabilities | |
| |
| 100,000 | | |
| - | |
| Lease liabilities | |
13 | |
| 107,131 | | |
| 107,177 | |
| Current tax liabilities | |
| |
| 15,995 | | |
| 27,930 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Current Liabilities | |
| |
| 5,373,772 | | |
| 4,382,017 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Non-Current Liabilities | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Provisions | |
8 | |
| - | | |
| 19,503 | |
| Lease liabilities | |
13 | |
| 51,914 | | |
| 103,207 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | |
| |
| 51,914 | | |
| 122,710 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Liabilities | |
| |
| 5,425,686 | | |
| 4,504,727 | |
| Net Assets | |
| |
| 13,798,057 | | |
| 22,812,909 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Equity | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Issued capital | |
10 | |
| 223,152,985 | | |
| 213,971,323 | |
| 2024: 5,245,115,318 fully paid ordinary shares | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Nil options over fully paid ordinary shares | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| 2023: 2,439,897,618 fully paid ordinary shares | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Nil options over fully paid ordinary shares | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| Reserves | |
11 | |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| 3,972,475 | |
| Accumulated deficit during the development stage | |
12 | |
| (214,161,131 | ) | |
| (195,130,889 | ) |
| Total
Equity | |
| |
| 13,798,057 | | |
| 22,812,909 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in Australian dollars, except number of share
and per share amounts)
| | |
| |
Years ended June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Interest income | |
2 | |
| 268,419 | | |
| 16,436 | | |
| 2,504 | |
| Other income | |
2 | |
| 4,019,285 | | |
| 3,916,333 | | |
| 5,123,525 | |
| Intellectual property expenses | |
| |
| (214,304 | ) | |
| (285,067 | ) | |
| (364,665 | ) |
| General and administration expenses | |
3 | |
| (4,762,643 | ) | |
| (5,056,571 | ) | |
| (5,513,915 | ) |
| Research and development expenses | |
3 | |
| (18,644,047 | ) | |
| (13,198,583 | ) | |
| (14,745,776 | ) |
| Other operating expenses | |
| |
| (5,238 | ) | |
| (29,404 | ) | |
| (1,156 | ) |
| Other gains and losses | |
3 | |
| 261,152 | | |
| 917,650 | | |
| 2,722,430 | ) |
| Forfeited options from reserves | |
| |
| - | | |
| 17,150 | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Loss before income tax expense | |
| |
| (19,077,376 | ) | |
| (13,702,056 | ) | |
| (12,777,053 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Income tax expense | |
4 | |
| (46,088 | ) | |
| (104,459 | ) | |
| (70,008 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Loss for the year | |
| |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other comprehensive loss | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Loss per share (basic and diluted - cents per share) | |
18 | |
| (0.52 | ) | |
| (0.57 | ) | |
| (0.53 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share | |
| |
| 3,648,875,564 | | |
| 2,427,841,917 | | |
| 2,405,990,036 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENTS
(in Australian dollars)
| | |
| |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Payments to suppliers and employees | |
| |
| (21,393,136 | ) | |
| (19,943,617 | ) | |
| (16,875,144 | ) |
| Interest received | |
| |
| 269,075 | | |
| 15,798 | | |
| 2,755 | |
| R&D tax refund | |
| |
| 8,583,477 | | |
| - | | |
| 4,126,364 | |
| Interest paid | |
| |
| (7,217 | ) | |
| (4,565 | ) | |
| (2,285 | ) |
| Other grant received | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 454,120 | |
| Income tax paid | |
| |
| (58,023 | ) | |
| (103,453 | ) | |
| (43,084 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | |
14(a) | |
| (12,605,824 | ) | |
| (20,035,837 | ) | |
| (12,337,274 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Payments for rental security deposits | |
| |
| - | | |
| (29,150 | ) | |
| - | |
| Payments for purchase of plant and equipment | |
| |
| (5,722 | ) | |
| (7,311 | ) | |
| (89,147 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | |
| |
| (5,722 | ) | |
| (36,461 | ) | |
| (89,147 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares and other equity securities | |
| |
| 10,144,682 | | |
| 316,675 | | |
| 17,176,040 | |
| Payment of share issue costs | |
| |
| (918,020 | ) | |
| (132,413 | ) | |
| (836,969 | ) |
| Principal elements of lease payments | |
| |
| (10,370 | ) | |
| (59,922 | ) | |
| (34,513 | ) |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net cash flows generated from financing activities | |
| |
| 9,216,292 | | |
| 124,340 | | |
| 16,304,558 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | |
| |
| (3,395,254 | ) | |
| (19,947,958 | ) | |
| 3,878,137 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Opening cash and cash equivalents brought forward | |
| |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | | |
| 28,115,516 | |
| Exchange rate adjustments on cash and cash equivalents held in foreign currencies | |
| |
| 260,356 | | |
| 914,942 | | |
| 2,813,146 | |
| Closing cash and cash equivalents carried forward | |
14(b) | |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY
(in Australian dollars, except for number of
shares)
| | |
Notes | |
Number of
Shares | | |
Issued
Capital | | |
Reserves | | |
Accumulated
Deficit
During
Development
Stage | | |
Total
Equity | |
| Balance, June 30, 2021 | |
| |
2,084,016,678 | | |
197,447,990 | | |
2,750,884 | | |
(169,728,414) | | |
30,470,460 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Issuance of shares | |
10(b) | |
| 322,857,900 | | |
| 17,176,040 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 17,176,040 | |
| Non-cash issuance of options to directors and employees | |
11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 1,179,577 | | |
| - | | |
| 1,179,577 | |
| Non-cash issuance of options to consultants | |
11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 326,544 | | |
| - | | |
| 326,544 | |
| Issuance of shares in connection with exercise of options, net of costs | |
10(b) & 11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Transaction costs from issuance of shares | |
| |
| - | | |
| (836,969 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (836,969 | ) |
| Expired options | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (240,310 | ) | |
| 240,310 | | |
| - | |
| Forfeited options of vested options reversed to accumulated deficit | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (450,777 | ) | |
| 450,777 | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| 322,857,900 | | |
| 16,339,071 | | |
| 815,034 | | |
| 691,087 | | |
| 17,845,192 | |
| Net loss | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (12,847,061 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (12,847,061 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) |
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | |
| |
| 2,406,874,578 | | |
| 213,787,061 | | |
| 3,565,918 | | |
| (181,884,388 | ) | |
| 35,468,591 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Issuance of shares | |
10(b) | |
| 33,023,040 | | |
| 316,675 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 316,675 | |
| Non-cash issuance of options to directors and employees | |
11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 983,721 | | |
| - | | |
| 983,721 | |
| Non-cash issuance of options to consultants | |
11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Issuance of shares in connection with exercise of options, net of costs | |
10(b) & 11(b) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Transaction costs from issuance of shares | |
| |
| - | | |
| (132,413 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (132,413 | ) |
| Expired options | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (560,014 | ) | |
| 560,014 | | |
| - | |
| Forfeited options reversed to profit or loss | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (17,150 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (17,150 | ) |
| | |
| |
| 33,023,040 | | |
| 184,262 | | |
| 406,557 | | |
| 560,014 | | |
| 1,150,833 | |
| Net loss | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) |
| Balance, June 30, 2023 | |
| |
| 2,439,897,618 | | |
| 213,971,323 | | |
| 3,972,475 | | |
| (195,130,889 | ) | |
| 22,812,909 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Issuance of shares | |
10(b) | |
| 2,798,120,281 | | |
| 10,050,000 | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| 10,050,000 | |
| Non-cash issuance of options to directors and employees | |
11(b) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| 881,950 | | |
| | | |
| 881,950 | |
Contributions of equity/
Shares to be issued | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| 45,000 | | |
| | | |
| 45,000 | |
| Issuance of shares in connection with exercise of options, net of costs | |
10(b) & 11(b) | |
| 7,097,419 | | |
| 49,020 | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| 49,682 | |
| Transaction costs from issuance of shares | |
| |
| | | |
| (918,020 | ) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (918,020 | ) |
| Expired options | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Forfeited options reversed to profit or loss | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| (93,222 | ) | |
| 93,222 | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| 2,805,217,700 | | |
| 9,181,662 | | |
| 833,728 | | |
| 93,222 | | |
| 10,108,612 | |
| Net loss | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (19,123,464 | ) |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (19,123,464 | ) |
| Balance, June 30, 2024 | |
| |
| 5,245,115,318 | | |
| 223,152,985 | | |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| (214,161,131 | ) | |
| 13,798,057 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS – in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Background
Alterity Therapeutics Limited and its controlled subsidiaries, Alterity
Therapeutics Inc. and Alterity Therapeutics UK Limited (referred to collectively as “Alterity” or the “Group”),
is a development stage enterprise engaged in the research and development of therapeutic drugs designed to treat the underlying cause
of degeneration of the brain focusing on Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington disease, Parkinson’s disease and other neurological
disorders. Alterity Therapeutics Limited, the parent entity, was incorporated on November 11, 1997 in Melbourne, Australia and the UK
and U.S. subsidiaries were incorporated in August 2004.
Financial Reporting Framework
The financial report of Alterity Therapeutics Limited for the year
ended June 30, 2024 was authorized for issue on September 26, 2024.
Alterity Therapeutics Limited is a for-profit entity for the purpose
of preparing the financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements of the Group comply with International
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS Accounting Standards”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
and Australian equivalent International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board.
These financial statements have been prepared under the historical
cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.
Accounting policies are selected and applied in a manner which ensures
that the resulting financial information satisfies the concepts of relevance and reliability, thereby ensuring that the substance of the
underlying transactions or other events is reported.
The accounting policies set out below have been applied in preparing
the financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2024 and the comparative information presented in these financial statements for
the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Critical accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions
Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on
historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the entity and that
are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The
resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a
significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are
discussed below.
Share-based Payments
The value attributed to share options and remuneration shares issued
is an estimate calculated using an appropriate mathematical formula based on an option pricing model. The choice of models and the resultant
option value require assumptions to be made in relation to the likelihood and timing of the conversion of the options to shares and the
value and volatility of the price of the underlying shares.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
R&D Tax Incentives
The Australian Government replaced the research and development tax
concession with the research and development tax incentive from July 1, 2011. The provisions provide refundable or non-refundable tax
offsets. The research and development tax incentive applies to expenditure incurred and the use of depreciating assets in an income year
commencing on or after July 1, 2011. A 43.5% refundable tax offset will be available to eligible small companies with an annual aggregate
turnover of less than $20 million. Management has assessed these activities and expenditure to determine which are likely to be eligible
under the incentive scheme. For the period to June 30, 2024 the Group has recorded an item in other income of A$4.0 million (2023: A$3.9
million, 2022: A$4.7 million) to recognize this amount which relates to this period.
Going Concern Basis
The Group is a development stage medical biotechnology company and
as such expects to be utilizing sources of cash funding until its research activities have become marketable. The Group has incurred recurring
losses since inception including a net loss of $19,123,464 in the year ended 30 June 2024 (2023: $13,806,515) and a net operating cash
outflow of $12,605,824 in the year ended 30 June 2024 (2023: $20,035,837). The Group expects to continue incurring losses into the foreseeable
future and will need to raise additional capital to continue the development of its planned research and development programs. The continuing
viability of the Group is subject to its ability to raise additional capital to finance the continuation of its planned research and development
programs, maintaining implemented cost containment and deferment strategies, and successfully commercializing its initiatives. The Group
intends to raise new equity funding within six months of the financial year end to enable progression of its planned research and development
programs, however there is uncertainty associated with its ability to successfully raise such funds in the time and amounts needed to
meet its requirements.
The inability to obtain funding, as and when needed, would have a negative
impact on the Group’s financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies. If the Group is unable to obtain the required
funding to operate and to develop and commercialize its product candidates, it could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all
of its research and development programs, which would adversely affect its business prospects.
As a result of these matters, there is a material uncertainty that
may cast significant doubt (or raise substantial doubt as contemplated by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”)
standards) on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realize its assets and
discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group
will continue as a going concern which contemplates the continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities
in the ordinary course of business and do not include adjustments that would result if the Group were unable to continue as a going concern.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires
the Group to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and related disclosures.
On an ongoing basis, the Group evaluates its significant accounting policies and estimates. Estimates are based on historical experience
and on various market-specific and other relevant assumptions that the Group believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results
of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are assessed each period and
updated to reflect current information.
Development Stage – Risks and Uncertainties
As a development stage enterprise, the Group’s prospects are
subject to the risks, expenses and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies which have not yet commercialized any applications
of their technology, particularly in new and evolving markets. Alterity’s operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future
as a result of a variety of factors, including capital expenditure and other costs relating to establishing, maintaining and expanding
the operations, the number and mix of potential customers, potential pricing of future products by the Group and its competitors, new
technology introduced by the Group and its competitors, delays or expense in obtaining necessary equipment, economic and social conditions
in the biotechnology industry and general economic conditions.
The Group cannot be certain that it will be able to raise any required
funding or capital, on favorable terms or at all, or that it will be able to establish corporate collaborations on acceptable terms, if
at all. If the Group is unable to obtain such additional funding or capital, it may be required to reduce the scope of its development
plans.
The Group’s experience in exploiting its technology is limited
and it cannot be certain that its operations will be profitable in the short-term, or at all. If the Group fails in its efforts to establish
or expand its business, the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity of the Group could be materially adversely affected.
The Group cannot be certain that it will be able to sell and deliver its technology or to obtain or retain any permits required in the
market in which it operates. Any of these factors could result in the reduction or cessation of the Group’s operations.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Material Accounting Policies
Accounting policies are selected and applied in a manner which ensures
that the resulting financial information satisfies the concepts of relevance and reliability, thereby ensuring that the substance of the
underlying transactions or other events is reported.
The following significant accounting policies have been adopted in
the preparation and presentation of the financial report.
(a) Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements are prepared by combining the
financial statements of all the entities that comprise the Group, being Alterity Therapeutics Limited and its subsidiaries as defined
in Accounting Standard IFRS10 (AASB 10): Consolidated Financial Statements. Consistent accounting policies are employed in the
preparation and presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
Subsidiaries are all those entities (including special purpose entities)
over which the Group has control. The group controls an entity where the group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from
its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity.
The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether
the Group controls another entity.
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control
is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, all inter-company
balances and transactions, and unrealized profits/losses arising within the Group are eliminated in full. Investments in subsidiaries
are accounted for at cost in the individual financial statements of Alterity Therapeutics Limited.
(b) Segment Reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal
reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources
and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer of Alterity Therapeutics Limited.
For the current and previous reporting periods, the Group operated in one segment, being research and development into Parkinsonian and
other neurodegenerative disorders.
(c) Income Tax
Current tax
Current tax is calculated by reference to the amount of income taxes
payable or recoverable in respect of the taxable profit or loss for the period. It is calculated using tax rates and tax laws that have
been enacted or substantively enacted by reporting date. Current tax for current and prior periods is recognised as a liability (or asset)
to the extent that it is unpaid (or refundable).
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is accounted for using the liability method in respect
of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and
the corresponding tax base of those items.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(c) Income Tax (continued)
In principle, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for
all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable amounts
will be available against which deductible temporary differences or unused tax losses and tax offsets can be utilized. However, deferred
tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary differences giving rise to them arise from the initial recognition of assets
and liabilities (other than as a result of a business combination) which affects neither taxable income nor accounting profit or loss.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences
arising on investments in subsidiaries except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable
that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences
associated with these investments are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits
against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that
are expected to apply to the period(s) when the asset and liability giving rise to them are realized or settled, based on tax rates (and
tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects
the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying
amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally
enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.
Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset when the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle
on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Current and deferred tax for the period
Current and deferred tax is recognised as an expense or income in the
Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income, except when it relates to items credited or debited directly to equity, in
which case the deferred tax is also recognised directly in equity, or where it arises from the initial accounting for a business combination,
in which case it is taken into account in the determination of goodwill.
The Group has significant unused tax losses and as such a significant
deferred tax asset; however, the deferred tax asset has not been recognised, as it is not probable that future taxable profit will be
available against which the unused losses and unused tax credits can be utilized, given the nature of the Group’s business (research
and development) and its history of losses.
(d) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is measured at historical cost less accumulated
depreciation and impairment and consists of laboratory equipment, computer equipment, furniture and fittings and leasehold improvements
attributable to the Group’s premises at Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and San Francisco, USA.
Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable
to the acquisition of the item.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount
or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will
flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate
asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the reporting period
in which they are incurred.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(d) Property and Equipment (continued)
Depreciation
Depreciation is provided on property and equipment. Depreciation is
calculated on a straight-line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives.
The following estimated useful lives, ranging from 3 to 20 years are
used in the calculation of depreciation:
| Class of Fixed Asset | |
Depreciation
Rate |
| Furniture and fittings | |
5-33% |
| Computer equipment | |
33% |
| Plant and equipment | |
10-33% |
| Leasehold improvements | |
33% |
Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease
term and useful life.
The depreciation method, residual values and useful lives are reviewed,
and adjusted if appropriate, at each annual reporting period.
(e) Leases
The accounting policies for the Group’s lease recognition are
explained in note 13.
(f) Investments and other financial assets
Classification
The Group classifies its financial assets in the following measurement
categories:
| |
● |
those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through OCI or through profit or loss), and |
| |
● |
those to be measured at amortized cost. |
The classification depends on the entity’s business model for
managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flow. For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either
be recorded in profit or loss or OCI. For investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading, this will depend on whether
the Group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through
other comprehensive income (FVOCI).
Recognition and derecognition
Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised
on trade-date, the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to
receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership.
Measurement
At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its
fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or
loss.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(f) Investments and other financial assets (continued)
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where
those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial
assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised
directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains/(losses) together with foreign exchange gains and losses. Impairment losses are
presented as separate line item in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.
Equity instruments
The Group subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value.
Where the Group’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in OCI, there is no subsequent
reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments
continue to be recognised in profit or loss as other income when the Group’s right to receive payments is established.
Impairment
The Group assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses
associated with its debt instruments carried at amortized cost and FVOCI. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there
has been a significant increase in credit risk.
For trade receivables, the Group applies the simplified approach which
requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables, see note 5 for further details.
(g) Impairment of Assets
At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its
tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have been impaired. If any such indication
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).
Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from
other assets, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and
value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of
future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is
estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable
amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income immediately.
Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount
of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reversed to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the
increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for
the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit
or loss and other comprehensive income immediately.
No impairment charges were incurred during the three years ended June
30, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(h) Intangible Assets - Research and Development
Expenditure during the research phase of a project is recognised as
an expense when incurred. Where no internally generated intangible assets can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised as
an expense in the period as incurred. Development costs are capitalised if and only if, all of the following are demonstrated:
| |
● |
the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale; |
| |
● |
the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; |
| |
● |
the ability to use or sell the intangible asset; |
| |
● |
how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; |
| |
● |
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and |
| |
● |
the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development. |
Internally-generated intangible assets (capitalised development costs)
are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, and are amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful lives over
a maximum of five years.
As of June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no capitalized research
and development costs.
(i) Foreign Currency Transactions and Balances
Functional and Presentation Currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s
entities are measured using Australian dollars, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group operates
(the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Australian dollars ($), which is Alterity Therapeutics
Limited’s functional and presentation currency.
Foreign currency transactions
All foreign currency transactions during the financial year are brought
to account using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency monetary items at each reporting date are
translated at the exchange rate existing at each reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities carried at fair value that are denominated
in foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined.
Exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the period
in which they arise except for exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement
is neither planned or likely to occur, which form part of the net investment in a foreign operation, are recognised in the foreign currency
translation reserve and recognised in profit or loss on disposal of the net investment.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(i) Foreign Currency Transactions
and Balances (continued)
Subsidiaries
The results and financial position of all the Group’s entities
that have a functional currency difference from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
| |
● |
assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet, and |
| |
● |
income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions), and |
| |
● |
all resulting exchange differences are recognised as a separate component of equity. |
On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s overseas
operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange
rates for the period unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised in the foreign
currency translation reserve, and recognised in profit or loss on disposal of the foreign operations.
(j) Employee Benefits
Short-term obligations
Short-term employee benefits are benefits (other than termination benefits)
that are expected to be settled wholly before 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the
related service, including wages, and salaries. Short-term employee benefits are measured at the (undiscounted) amounts expected to be
paid when the obligation is settled. The Group’s obligations for short-term employee benefits such as wages and salaries are recognised
as a part of current trade and other payables in the statement of financial position.
The Group’s obligations for annual leave are presented as part
of provisions in the Statement of Financial Position. The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the Statement of Financial
Position if the Group does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period regardless
of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.
Other long-term obligations
The liability for long service leave is not expected to be settled
wholly within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. The liability is therefore
recognised in the provision for employee benefits and measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect
of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. Consideration is given
to expected future wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods of service. Expected future payments are discounted
using market yields at the end of the reporting period of high quality corporate bonds with terms and currencies that match, as closely
as possible, the estimated future cash outflows. Re-measurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions
are recognised in profit or loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance
sheet if the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless
of when the actual settlement is expected to occur.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(k) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation,
the future sacrifice of economic benefits is probable, and the amount of the provision can be measured reliably.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration
required to settle the present obligation at reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value
of those cash flows.
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision
are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that recovery will
be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
(l) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call
with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
(m) Interest income
Other income is made up of interest income which is recognised on a
time proportion basis using the effective interest method.
(n) Grants
Grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant
will be received and all grant conditions will be complied with.
When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income
over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is expected to compensate.
(o) Goods and Services Tax (“GST”)
Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of GST,
except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable from the taxation authority. In these circumstances the GST is recognised as
part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of an item of expense.
Receivables and payables in the Balance Sheet are shown inclusive of
GST. The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables or payables.
Cash flows are included in the Cash Flow Statement on a gross basis.
The GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities which is recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation
authority is classified as operating cash flows.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(p) Trade and Other Payables
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided
to the Group prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition.
Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months from the reporting date. They
are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
(q) Share-Based Payments
The measurement date is determined for share-based payments issued
to directors, employees and consultants as follows:
Directors
The issuance of share-based payments to directors is subject to approval
by shareholders as per ASX Listing Rule 10.11. The measurement date for share-based payments issued to directors is the grant date, being
the date at which the share-based payments are approved by shareholders.
Employees
The issuance of share-based payments to employees may be subject to
shareholder approval per ASX Listing Rule 7.1 which prohibits the issuance of more than 15% of the Group’s shares in a 12 month
period without shareholder approval. The measurement date for share-based payments issued to employees is the grant date, being the date
at which a shared understanding of the terms and conditions of the arrangement is reached. However, if an issuance to an employee is subject
to shareholder approval because it exceeds the 15% threshold per ASX Listing Rule 7.1, then the measurement date of these share-based
payments is the date at which the share-based payments are approved by shareholders.
Consultants
The issuance of share-based payments to consultants may be subject
to shareholder approval per ASX Listing Rule 7.1 which prohibits the issuance of more than 15% of the Group’s shares in a 12 month
period without shareholder approval. The measurement date for share-based payments issued to consultants who provide services considered
to be similar to employees is deemed to be the date at which a shared understanding of the terms and conditions of the arrangement is
reached. The measurement date for share-based payments issued to consultants who provide services considered to be differentiated from
those provided by employees is deemed to be the date at which the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders the service. If
a service period applies and the work is continually provided over the service period, and if the share price of the Group does not change
significantly during the service period, then the average share price, volatility and risk-free rate over the service period are used
in calculating the value of the share-based payments issued. However, if the underlying share price of the Group does change significantly
during the service period, then the value of share-based payments are calculated at each individual date that goods and services are provided,
using the actual valuation inputs at that date. Shares issued to consultants for services are recorded as non-cash compensation and are
recognised at either the fair value of the services rendered, or if this cannot be reasonably estimated, the fair value of the underlying
equity instruments issued. Equity-based compensation benefits are provided to directors, employees and consultants under the 2004 ASX
Plan (the “2004 ASX Plan”) and the 2018 American Depository Share (ADS) Option Plan (the “2018 ADS Plan”). Information
relating to this plan is set out in Note 16.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
1. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
(q) Share-Based Payments (continued)
The fair value of options granted under these plans is recognised as
an expense with a corresponding increase in equity. The fair value is measured at grant date and recognised over the period during which
the recipients become unconditionally entitled to the options.
The fair value at grant date is independently determined using a Black-Scholes
(for options without market condition) and Barrier Pricing (for options with market conditions) model that takes into account the exercise
price, the term of the option, the impact of dilution, the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share,
the expected dividend yield and the risk free interest rate for the term of the option. The expected life used in the model has been adjusted,
based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioral considerations.
The fair value determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based
payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually
vest.
(r) Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share is determined by dividing the net loss after income
tax expense by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial period. For all periods presented, diluted
loss per share is equivalent to basic loss per share as the potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted
loss per share because the effect is anti-dilutive.
(s) Share Capital
Ordinary share capital is recognised as the fair value of the consideration
received by the Group. Any transaction costs arising on the issue of ordinary shares are recognised directly in equity as a reduction
of the share proceeds received.
(t) Trade and Other Receivables
Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value
and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method less provision for impairment.
(u) Comparative Figures
Comparative figures, are, where appropriate, reclassified to be comparable
with figures presented in the current financial year.
(v) New Accounting Standards and Interpretations
The Group has adopted all of the new or amended Accounting Standards
and Interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ‘IASB’ and ‘AASB’ that are mandatory
for the current reporting period.
The adoption of these standards has not had any material impact on
the disclosures or amounts reported in these financial statements.
In April 2024, IFRS 18, “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial
Statements” was issued to achieve comparability of the financial performance of similar entities. The standard, which replaces IAS
1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”, impacts the presentation of primary financial statements and notes, including the
statement of earnings where companies will be required to present separate categories of income and expense for operating, investing,
and financing activities with prescribed subtotals for each new category. The standard will also require management-defined performance
measures to be explained and included in a separate note within the consolidated financial statements. The standard is effective for annual
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, including interim financial statements, and requires retrospective application.
The Group is currently assessing the impact of the new standard.
There were no other new accounting standards and interpretations not
yet adopted by the Group for the June 30, 2024 reporting period that are expected to materially impact the Group.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
2. INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Interest income | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Interest income | |
| 268,419 | | |
| 16,436 | | |
| 2,504 | |
| Total interest income | |
| 268,419 | | |
| 16,436 | | |
| 2,504 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other income | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| R&D Tax Incentive (1) | |
| 4,019,285 | | |
| 3,914,230 | | |
| 4,669,405 | |
| Other grant (2) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 454,120 | |
| Miscellaneous Income | |
| - | | |
| 2,103 | | |
| - | |
| Total other income | |
| 4,019,285 | | |
| 3,916,333 | | |
| 5,123,525 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total interest and other income from continuing operations | |
| 4,287,704 | | |
| 3,932,769 | | |
| 5,126,029 | |
| (1) |
A 43.5% R&D Tax incentive refundable tax offset, will be available to eligible small companies with an annual aggregate turnover of less than $20 million. For the years ended June 30, 2024, June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, the Group is eligible to receive the refundable tax offset, the management with input from an independent expert, has applied judgement when assessing activities and expenditures that are likely to be eligible under the incentive scheme and therefore recorded $4,019,285, $3,914,230 and $4,669,405 in other income, respectively. |
| (2) |
Other grant relates to the receipt of grant funding awarded by Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research during the year ended June 30, 2022. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
3. EXPENSES FROM ORDINARY ACTIVITIES
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Research and Development Expenses (1) | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Employee expenses | |
| 2,456,230 | | |
| 2,720,345 | | |
| 2,517,516 | |
| Other research and development expenses | |
| 16,187,817 | | |
| 10,478,238 | | |
| 12,228,260 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| General and Administration Expenses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Depreciation on fixed assets | |
| 35,344 | | |
| 37,854 | | |
| 17,848 | |
| Depreciation on leased assets | |
| 112,185 | | |
| 64,409 | | |
| 36,366 | |
| Employee expenses (non R&D related) | |
| 515,803 | | |
| 926,314 | | |
| 705,541 | |
| Consultant and director expenses | |
| 321,000 | | |
| 320,500 | | |
| 390,896 | |
| Audit, internal control and other assurance expenses | |
| 241,828 | | |
| 238,728 | | |
| 220,798 | |
| Corporate compliance expenses | |
| 790,350 | | |
| 457,215 | | |
| 401,741 | |
| Insurance expenses | |
| 676,219 | | |
| 721,732 | | |
| 655,990 | |
| Office rental | |
| (9,674 | ) | |
| 68,634 | | |
| 79,329 | |
| Other administrative and office expenses | |
| 1,028,638 | | |
| 1,032,843 | | |
| 911,347 | |
| Share based payment expenses | |
| 881,950 | | |
| 966,571 | | |
| 1,506,122 | |
| Corporate advisory expenses | |
| 169,000 | | |
| 204,621 | | |
| 587,937 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other gains and losses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Foreign exchange (gain)/loss | |
| (261,152 | ) | |
| (917,650 | ) | |
| (2,722,430 | ) |
| (1) |
Research and development expenses mainly consist of expenses paid for contracted research and development activities conducted by third parties on behalf of the Group. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
4. INCOME TAX
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| (a) Income tax expense: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Current tax | |
| 58,463 | | |
| 33,808 | | |
| 50,072 | |
| Adjustment for current tax of prior periods | |
| (12,375 | ) | |
| 70,651 | | |
| 19,936 | |
| Deferred tax | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| (b) Numerical reconciliation of income tax expense to prima facie tax payable: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Prima facie tax on net loss before income tax at 25% (2023: 25%, 2022: 25%) | |
| (4,769,344 | ) | |
| (3,446,718 | ) | |
| (3,194,263 | ) |
| Effect of lower tax rates of tax on overseas income | |
| (11,134 | ) | |
| (6,440 | ) | |
| (9,712 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Add tax effect of: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Under/(Over) provision of income tax in previous year relating to a revision of estimates | |
| (12,375 | ) | |
| 70,651 | | |
| 19,936 | |
| Research and development expenditure (net of tax incentive) | |
| 1,305,112 | | |
| 1,267,940 | | |
| 1,516,215 | |
| Other | |
| 377,405 | | |
| 413,976 | | |
| 529,075 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Deferred tax asset not recognised | |
| 3,156,424 | | |
| 1,805,050 | | |
| 1,208,757 | |
| Income tax expense attributable to loss before income tax | |
| 46,088 | | |
| 104,459 | | |
| 70,008 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| (c) Potential deferred tax asset as of June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 in respect of: tax losses not brought to account is (1)(2): | |
| 47,758,242 | | |
| 44,056,899 | | |
| 41,204,149 | |
| Temporary differences | |
| 6,660,171 | | |
| 3,675,742 | | |
| 2,903,797 | |
| (1) |
As of June 30, 2024, the Group had a potential tax benefit related to gross tax losses carried forward of $179,125,289 (2023: $164,311,376) and a non-refundable R&D tax offset of $3,703,478 (2023: $2,976,920). |
| (2) |
Unused tax loss amounts are only attributable to the Group’s operations in Australia, as the subsidiary in the United States has no carryforward tax losses as of June 30, 2024. Tax losses can be carried forward indefinitely subject to continuity of ownership and same business test rules. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
5. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Accrued interest income | |
| 157 | | |
| 656 | |
| R&D tax incentive receivable | |
| 4,019,286 | | |
| 8,583,635 | |
| Goods and services tax receivable | |
| 22,232 | | |
| 16,184 | |
| Accounts receivable | |
| - | | |
| 65,229 | |
| Total Trade and Other Receivables | |
| 4,041,675 | | |
| 8,665,704 | |
R&D tax incentive receivable represents the amount of the financial
year 2024 R&D tax incentive the Group expects to recover. For further details, see note 2.
6. OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Prepayments | |
| 2,315,632 | | |
| 2,569,522 | |
| Other | |
| 40,668 | | |
| 39,764 | |
| Total | |
| 2,356,300 | | |
| 2,609,286 | |
7. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Trade creditors | |
| 581,137 | | |
| 1,716,135 | |
| Accrued research and development expenses | |
| 3,499,960 | | |
| 1,458,310 | |
| Accrued professional fees | |
| 234,899 | | |
| 222,126 | |
| Accrued corporate personnel expenses | |
| 166,063 | | |
| - | |
| Other accrued expenses | |
| 123,457 | | |
| 87,223 | |
| Other payables | |
| 14,431 | | |
| 33,914 | |
| Total | |
| 4,619,947 | | |
| 3,517,708 | |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
8. PROVISIONS
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Current | |
| | |
| |
| Annual leave (1) | |
| 318,694 | | |
| 420,380 | |
| Long service leave (1)(2) | |
| 212,005 | | |
| 308,822 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total | |
| 530,699 | | |
| 729,202 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Non-Current | |
| | | |
| | |
| Long service leave (2) | |
| - | | |
| 19,503 | |
A provision has been recognised for employee entitlements relating
to long service leave. In calculating the present value of future cash flows in respect of long service leave, the probability of long
service leave being taken is based on historical data. The measurement and recognition criteria relating to employee benefits have been
included in Note 1 to this report.
(1) Movements in provisions
Movements in each class of provision during the financial year are
set out below:
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Annual leave | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Carrying amount at start of year | |
| 420,380 | | |
| 371,877 | | |
| 273,876 | |
| Charged/(credited) to profit or loss -additional provisions recognised | |
| 179,923 | | |
| 272,502 | | |
| 242,532 | |
| Amounts used during the year | |
| (280,618 | ) | |
| (232,747 | ) | |
| (158,968 | ) |
| Change in foreign exchange | |
| (991 | ) | |
| 8,748 | | |
| 14,437 | ) |
| Carrying amount at end of year | |
| 318,694 | | |
| 420,380 | | |
| 371,877 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Long service leave | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Carrying amount at start of year | |
| 328,325 | | |
| 298,143 | | |
| 273,260 | |
| Charged/(credited) to profit or loss -additional provisions recognised | |
| 30,308 | | |
| 30,182 | | |
| 25,210 | |
| Amounts used during the year | |
| (146,628 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (327 | ) |
| Carrying amount at end of year | |
| 212,005 | | |
| 328,325 | | |
| 298,143 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| TOTAL | |
| 530,699 | | |
| 748,705 | | |
| 670,020 | |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
8. PROVISIONS (continued)
(2) Amounts not expected to be settled within the next 12 months
The current provision for long service leave includes all unconditional
entitlements where employees have completed the required period of service and also those where employees are entitled to pro-rata payments
in certain circumstances.
The entire amount is presented as current, since the Group does not
have an unconditional right to defer settlement. However, based on past experience, the Group does not expect all employees to take the
full amount of accrued long service leave or require payment within the next 12 months. The following amounts reflect leave that is not
expected to be taken or paid within the next 12 months.
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Long service leave obligation expected to be settled after 12 months | |
| - | | |
| 19,503 | |
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
R&D Tax Incentive
Contingent Asset
In the year ended June 30, 2020, the Group was unsuccessful in obtaining
a Commissioner’s Discretion pursuant to subsection 328-126(6) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 regarding the Group’s
eligibility to receive the R&D Tax Incentive as a refundable cash offset, so did not recognize a receivable and other income of $3,363,433
relating to eligible expenditure for that year. The income tax return for the year ended June 30, 2020 has since been lodged and the R&D
Tax Incentive assessed as a non-refundable cash offset. The Group has objected against this assessment.
There are no contingent liabilities at the date of this report. The
Group is not involved in any legal or arbitration proceedings and, so far as management is aware, no such proceedings are pending or threatened
against the Group.
In respect of expenditure commitments, refer to Note 15.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
10. ISSUED CAPITAL
| | |
| |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| (a) Issued Capital | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 5,245,115,318 (2023: 2,439,897,618) fully paid ordinary shares | |
10(b) | |
| 223,152,985 | | |
| 213,971,323 | | |
| 213,787,061 | |
| Nil (2023: Nil) options for fully paid ordinary shares | |
10(c) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 223,152,985 | | |
| 213,971,323 | | |
| 213,787,061 | |
(b) Movements in Issued Shares
| | |
June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
No. of shares | | |
A$ | | |
No. of shares | | |
A$ | | |
No. of shares | | |
A$ | |
| Beginning of the year | |
| 2,439,897,618 | | |
| 213,971,323 | | |
| 2,406,874,578 | | |
| 213,787,061 | | |
| 2,084,016,678 | | |
| 197,447,990 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Movement during the year | |
| 2,805,217,700 | | |
| 9,181,662 | | |
| 33,023,040 | | |
| 184,262 | | |
| 322,857,900 | | |
| 16,339,071 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| End of the year | |
| 5,245,115,318 | | |
| 223,152,985 | | |
| 2,439,897,618 | | |
| 213,971,323 | | |
| 2,406,874,578 | | |
| 213,787,061 | |
Details of share issuances are as follows:
| Date | |
Details | |
Notes | | |
Number | | |
Issue Price | | |
$ | |
| Year end June 30, 2021 | |
| |
| | | |
| 1,046,658,646 | | |
| | | |
| 36,744,236 | |
| July 2, 2021 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 322,857,900 | | |
| 0.053 | | |
| 17,176,040 | |
| June 30, 2022 | |
Security issuance costs | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (836,969 | ) |
| Year end June 30, 2022 | |
| |
| | | |
| 322,857,900 | | |
| | | |
| 16,339,071 | |
| September 21, 2022 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 9,543,840 | | |
| 0.0135 | | |
| 128,842 | |
| March 15, 2023 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 23,479,200 | | |
| 0.0080 | | |
| 187,834 | |
| June 30, 2023 | |
Security issuance costs | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (132,413 | ) |
| Year end June 30, 2023 | |
| |
| | | |
| 33,023,040 | | |
| | | |
| 184,263 | |
| November 29, 2023 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 362,462,762 | | |
| 0.0035 | | |
| 1,268,620 | |
| January 8, 2024 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 1,008,965,805 | | |
| 0.0035 | | |
| 3,531,380 | |
| February 2, 2024 | |
Security issuance costs | |
| | | |
| 571,428,556 | | |
| 0.0035 | | |
| 2,000,000 | |
| March 4, 2024 | |
Issue of shares under ATM Facility | |
| | | |
| 855,263,158 | | |
| 0.0038 | | |
| 3,250,000 | |
| April 22, 2024 | |
Issue of shares under options exercised | |
| | | |
| 7,097,419 | | |
| 0.0070 | | |
| 49,682 | |
| June 30, 2024 | |
Security issuance costs | |
| | | |
| - | | |
| | | |
| (918,020 | ) |
| Year end June 30, 2024 | |
| |
| | | |
| 2,805,217,700 | | |
| | | |
| 9,181,662 | |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
10. ISSUED CAPITAL (continued)
(c) Terms and Conditions of Issued Capital
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares have the right to receive dividends as declared and,
in the event of a winding up of the Group, to participate in the proceeds from the sale of all surplus assets in proportion to the number
of and amounts paid up on shares held. Ordinary shares entitle their holder to vote, either in person or by proxy, at a meeting of the
Group’s shareholders.
Options
Option holders do not have the right to receive dividends and are not
entitled to vote at a meeting of the Group’s shareholders. Options may be exercised at any time from the date they vest to the date
of their expiration. Share options convert into ordinary shares on a one for one basis on the date they are exercised.
(d) Shares Issued after Reporting Date
No shares have been issued after the reporting date.
11. RESERVES
(a) Share Based Payments
| | |
| |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 3,250,009,092 (2023: 170,042,720 , 2022: 184,692,720) options for fully paid ordinary shares | |
11(c) | |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| 3,972,475 | | |
| 3,565,918 | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| 3,972,475 | | |
| 3,565,918 | |
The share-based payment reserve is used to recognize the fair value
of options issued to directors, executives, employees and consultants but not exercised. Amounts are transferred out of the reserve and
into issued capital when the options are exercised. When options expire, the amount is transferred from reserve to accumulated losses.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS
LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
11. RESERVES (continued)
(b) Warrants/Free-attaching options
| | |
| |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
Notes | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 2,875,563,791 free-attaching options (2023: 674,694,939 free-attaching options, 2022: 674,694,939) for fully paid ordinary shares (1) | |
11(c) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| 1. | On November 24, 2020 as part of a two tranche placement to
sophisticated and professional investors the Group issued a total of 674,694,939 free attaching warrants with an exercise price of A$0.07,
expiring on November 23, 2023. These warrants were assessed to have immaterial value at the time of issue. |
| On January 8, 2024 a total of 457,142,830 free attaching
options with an exercise price of A$0.01, expiring on August 31, 2026 were issued. On January 8, 2024 a total of 1,371,428,567
free attaching options with an exercise price of A$0.007, expiring on August 31, 2024 were issued. |
| On February 2, 2024 a total of 190,476,123 free attaching
options with an exercise price of A$0.002, expiring on August 31, 2026 were issued. |
| On February 2, 2024 a total of 571,428,556 free attaching
options with an exercise price of A$0.007, expiring on August 31, 2024 were issued. |
| On April 15, 2024 a total of 285,087,715 free attaching options
with an exercise price of A$0.01, expiring on August 31, 2026 were issued. |
| (c) | Movements
in Options for Fully Paid Ordinary Shares |
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
Number of
Options | | |
(A$) | | |
Number of
Options | | |
(A$) | | |
Number of
Options | | |
(A$) | |
| Beginning of the year | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
| 3,972,475 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
| 3,565,918 | | |
| 160,542,720 | | |
| 2,750,884 | |
| Options issued during the year | |
| 3,092,563,791 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 45,150,000 | | |
| - | |
| Expired during the year | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (13,150,000 | ) | |
| (560,014 | ) | |
| (7,000,000 | ) | |
| (240,310 | ) |
| Forfeited during the year | |
| (5,500,000 | ) | |
| (93,222 | ) | |
| (1,500,000 | ) | |
| (17,150 | ) | |
| (14,000,000 | ) | |
| (450,777 | ) |
| Shares to be issued | |
| - | | |
| 45,000 | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Share Based Payment expense | |
| - | | |
| 881,950 | | |
| - | | |
| 983,721 | | |
| - | | |
| 1,506,121 | |
| End of the year | |
| 3,250,009,092 | | |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
| 3,972,475 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
| 3,565,918 | |
Details of option grants are summarized as follows.
Year ended June 30, 2022:
| ● | On
December 8, 2021, 13,900,000 options were issued to the Group’s employees and consultants based in the United States under the
2018 ADS Plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.0238 and expire on November 29, 2026. The fair value of the options is A$0.021 per
option. |
| ● | On
December 8, 2021, 19,250,000 options were issued to the Group’s employees and consultants based in Australia under the 2004 ASX
Plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.0375 and expire on November 29, 2026. The fair value of the options is A$0.021 per option. |
| |
● |
On December 8, 2021, 12,000,000 options were issued to a consultant under the 2004 ASX Plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.07 and expire on July 31, 2024. The fair value of the options is A$0.027 per option. |
| |
● |
On January 4, 2022, 14,000,000 options were forfeited upon resignation of two Non-Executive Directors. |
| |
● |
On June 6, 2022, 7,000,000 options expired. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
11. RESERVES (continued)
(c) Movements in Options for Fully Paid Ordinary Shares (continued)
Year ended June 30, 2023:
| ● | On
December 14, 2022, 12,450,000 options expired. |
| ● | On
January 31, 2023, 700,000 options expired. |
| ● | On
April 3, 2023, 1,500,000 options were forfeited upon resignation of an employee. |
Year ended June 30, 2024:
| |
● |
On September 11, 2023, 500,000 options were forfeited upon resignation of an employee. |
| ● | On December 21, 2023, 8,000,000 options were issued to the
Group’s employees based in Australia under the 2004 ASX Plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.0105 and expire on December 19,
2026. The fair value of the options is A$0.005 per option. On
January 31, 2023, 700,000 options expired. |
| ● | On January 08, 2024, 457,142,830 long dated options were issued
as per the placement. The options are exercisable at A$0.01 and expire on August 31, 2026. |
| ● | On January 08, 2024, 1,371,418,567 free attaching short -
dated options were issued as per the placement. The options are exercisable at A$0.007 and expire on August 31, 2024. |
| ● | On February 02, 2024, 190,476,123 long dated options were
issued as per the securities placement plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.002 and expire on August 31, 2026. |
| ● | On
January 4, 2022, 14,000,000 options were forfeited upon resignation of two Non-Executive Directors. |
| ● | On February 02, 2024, 571,428,556 short - dated options were
issued as per the securities placement plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.007 and expire on August 31, 2024. |
| ● | On April 15, 2024, 285,087,725 short – free attaching
options were issued as per the securities placement plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.01 and expire on August 31, 2024 |
| ● | On
April 22, 2024, 7,097,419 options were exercised. |
| ● | On
May 21, 2024, 5,000,000 options were forfeited upon resignation of an employee. |
| ● | On June 27, 2024, 26,500,000 options were issued to the Group’s
employees based under the 2004 ASX Plan. The options are exercisable at A$0.004 and expire on March 13, 2029. The fair value of the options
is A$0.004 per option. |
| |
● |
On June 27, 2024, 62,500,000 options were issued to the Group’s employees based under the Company’s 2018 American Depositary Share (ADS) Option Plan. The options are exercisable at US$0.0031 (A$0.0046) and expire on March 13, 2029. The fair value of the options is A$0.0037 per option. |
| |
● |
On June 27, 2024, 120,000,000 options were issued to the Group’s key management personnel based under the Company’s 2018 American Depositary Share (ADS) Option Plan. The options are exercisable at US$0.003 (A$0.0044) and expire on March 21, 2029. The fair value of the options is A$0.0037 per option. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
11. RESERVES (continued)
(d) Terms and Conditions of Reserves
Options and warrants
Option holders and warrant holders do not have the right to receive
dividends and are not entitled to vote at a meeting of the Group’s shareholders. Options and warrants may be exercised at any time
from the date they vest to the date of their expiration. Share options are exercisable into ordinary shares on a one for one basis on
the date they are exercised. Options granted under the 2018 ADS Plan are exercisable into ADRs, being one option for one ADR, which equals
600 ordinary shares, on the date they are exercised.
Expired options are reclassified into accumulated losses. Options forfeited
due to failure of a vesting condition result in a reversal of the accumulated expense through the statement of profit or loss and other
comprehensive loss.
In Australia, there is not a set number of authorized shares, shares
are not reserved for the exercise of options, and shares do not have a par value.
(e) Options and Warrants Issued after Reporting Date
No options were issued after reporting date.
12. ACCUMULATED DEFICIT DURING DEVELOPMENT STAGE
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | |
| 195,130,889 | | |
| 181,884,388 | | |
| 169,728,414 | |
| Net loss for the year | |
| 19,123,464 | | |
| 13,806,515 | | |
| 12,847,061 | |
| Reclassify expired options from reserves | |
| - | | |
| (560,014 | ) | |
| (240,310 | ) |
| Reclassify forfeited options from reserves | |
| (93,222 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (450,777 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Balance at end of year | |
| 214,161,131 | | |
| 195,130,889 | | |
| 181,884,388 | |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
13. LEASES
| (i) |
Amounts recognised in the statement of financial position |
The statement of financial position shows the following amounts relating
to leases:
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| Right-of-use assets | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Right-of-use assets | |
| 154,729 | | |
| 207,087 | | |
| 115,971 | |
| Lease liabilities | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Current | |
| 107,131 | | |
| 107,177 | | |
| 57,632 | |
| Non-current | |
| 51,914 | | |
| 103,207 | | |
| 59,857 | |
| | |
| 159,045 | | |
| 210,384 | | |
| 117,489 | |
Additions to the right-of-use assets during the current financial year
were $59,031 (2023: $152,817, 2022: $86,353).
| (ii) |
Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss |
The statement of profit or loss shows the following amounts relating
to leases:
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | |
| 112,185 | | |
| 64,409 | | |
| 36,366 | |
| Interest expense | |
| 7,217 | | |
| 4,565 | | |
| 2,285 | |
| Expenses relating to short-term leases (included in general and administration expenses) | |
| (9,674 | ) | |
| 68,634 | | |
| 79,309 | |
| Expenses relating to variable lease payments not included in lease liabilities (included in general and administration expenses) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
The total cash outflow for leases in 2024 was $7,913 (2023: $133,121,
2022: $116,107).
| (iii) |
The Group’s leasing activities and how these are accounted for |
The Group has adopted IFRS 16 Leases during the year ended June 30,
2020 using the modified retrospective approach. The modified approach does not require restatement of comparative periods. Instead the
cumulative impact of applying IFRS 16 is accounted for as an adjustment to equity at the start of the current financial year in which
it was first applied, known as the ‘date of initial application’. Refer to note 1(v) for further details.
Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability
at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance
cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease year so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining
balance of the liability for each year. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the
lease term on a straight-line basis.
Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured
on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments:
| ● | fixed
payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable |
| ● | variable
lease payment that are based on an index or a rate |
| ● | amounts
expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees |
| ● | the
exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and |
| ● | payments
of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising that option. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
13. LEASES (continued)
The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit
in the lease, if that rate can be determined, or the Group’s incremental borrowing rate applied at the commencement date.
Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:
| ● | the
amount of the initial measurement of lease liability |
| ● | any
lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received |
| ● | any
initial direct costs, and |
Payments associated with short-term leases and leases of low-value
assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months
or less.
14. CASH FLOW INFORMATION
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| (a) Reconciliation of Net Loss to Net Cash Flows Used In Operations | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Net loss | |
| (19,123,464 | ) | |
| (13,806,515 | ) | |
| (12,847,061 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Non-cash items | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Depreciation of property and equipment | |
| 35,344 | | |
| 37,854 | | |
| 17,848 | |
| Depreciation on leased assets | |
| 112,185 | | |
| 64,409 | | |
| 36,366 | |
| Others | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 61 | |
| Share-based payment expenses | |
| 881,950 | | |
| 966,571 | | |
| 1,506,122 | |
| Foreign exchange (gain)/loss | |
| (261,152 | ) | |
| (917,650 | ) | |
| (2,813,635 | ) |
| Fixed Asset Write Off | |
| - | | |
| 10,232 | | |
| - | |
| Changes in assets and liabilities | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| (Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables | |
| 4,624,029 | | |
| (3,940,343 | ) | |
| (447,684 | ) |
| (Increase)/Decrease in other current assets | |
| 252,986 | | |
| (968,207 | ) | |
| (516,176 | ) |
| Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables | |
| 1,102,239 | | |
| (1,560,873 | ) | |
| 2,604,001 | |
| (Decrease) in other current liabilities | |
| (11,935 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Increase/(Decrease) in provision for employee entitlements | |
| (218,006 | ) | |
| 78,685 | | |
| 122,884 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | |
| (12,605,824 | ) | |
| (20,035,837 | ) | |
| (12,337,274 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| (b) Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Cash and cash equivalents balance comprises: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| - cash and cash equivalents on hand | |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Closing cash and cash equivalents balance | |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 34,806,799 | |
(c) Non-Cash Financing and Investing Activities
There were no non-cash financing and investing activities during the
years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
15. EXPENDITURE COMMITMENTS
As of June 30, 2024, the Group no longer has short term leases contracted
for but not capitalized in the financial statements. As of June 30, 2023, the Group no longer has short term leases contracted for but
not capitalized in the financial statements.
The majority of our contracts for research and development programs
have a termination notice period of 30 days. As of June 30, 2024, we had research and development termination commitments approximating
A$3.4 million. No liability has been recognised within our financial statements for this period. In addition, we have the ability to scale
down our operations and prioritise our research and development programs to reduce expenditures.
Details in relation to commitments under employee service agreements
with Directors and Key Management Personnel are outlined in Note 21.
16. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
At the Annual General Meeting held on November 17, 2004, the shareholders
approved the establishment of employee and consultant plans designed to reward directors, employees and consultants for their contributions
to the Group. The plans are to be used as a method of retaining key personnel for the growth and development of the Group. Due to Alterity’s
U.S. presence, a U.S. plan (the 2018 ADS Plan) and an Australian plan (the 2004 ASX Plan) were developed.
As of June 30, 2024, equity had been issued to 3 Directors, 1 Key Management
Personnel, 7 employees and 4 consultants under the 2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan.
As of June 30, 2023, equity had been issued to 4 Directors, 2 Key Management
Personnel, 9 employees and 3 consultants under the 2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan.
As of June 30, 2022, equity had been issued to 4 Directors, 2 former
Directors, 2 Key Management Personnel, 10 employees and 4 consultants under the 2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan.
At the 2004 Annual General Meeting, shareholders authorized the Group
to issue in the aggregate up to 12 million ordinary shares under the two plans. This was increased to 22 million ordinary shares at the
2005 Annual General Meeting and further increased to 30 million ordinary shares at the 2007 Annual General Meeting, 45 million ordinary
shares at the 2008 Annual General Meeting and 60 million ordinary shares at the 2009 Annual General Meeting. At the September 2020 General
Meeting, shareholders authorized the Group to issue up to 157.5 million securities. At the 2020 Annual General Meeting, shareholders authorized
the Group to issue up to 200 million ordinary shares. At the 2022 Annual General Meeting, shareholders authorized the Group to issue up
to 240 million ordinary shares.
The Share Plan Committee, a sub-committee of the Remuneration Committee
administers the two plans and is able to change the terms of the equity issued under them from the default terms.
Under the 2018 ADS Plan, the exercise price must equal or exceed the
fair value of the ADS on the date the options are awarded. The option expiration date cannot exceed ten years from the date the options
were awarded. The default vesting conditions are 25% per year on the date the options were awarded.
Under the 2004 ASX Plan, the exercise price must be equal or be less
than the market value of the ordinary shares on ASX on the date of grant. The option expiration date cannot exceed ten years from the
date the options were granted. The default vesting conditions are 25% per year on the date the options were granted.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
16. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued)
Information with respect to the number of options granted under the
2004 ASX Plan and 2018 ADS Plan as follows:
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
Number of
Options | | |
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (A$) | | |
Number of
Options | | |
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (A$) | | |
Number of
Options | | |
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price (A$) | |
| Beginning of the year | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
| 0.047 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
| 0.05 | | |
| 160,542,720 | | |
| 0.09 | |
| Issued during the year | |
| 217,000,000 | | |
| 0.004 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 45,150,000 | | |
| 0.04 | |
| Exercised during the year | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Expired during the year | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (13,150,000 | ) | |
| 0.11 | | |
| (7,000,000 | ) | |
| 0.07 | |
| Forfeited during the year | |
| (5,500,000 | ) | |
| 0.036 | | |
| (1,500,000 | ) | |
| 0.02 | | |
| (14,000,000 | ) | |
| 0.09 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Outstanding at year end | |
| 381,542,720 | | |
| 0.022 | | |
| 170,042,720 | | |
| 0.05 | | |
| 184,692,720 | | |
| 0.05 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Vested and Exercisable at year end | |
| 195,708,100 | | |
| 0.033 | | |
| 87,280,755 | | |
| 0.06 | | |
| 60,150,000 | | |
| 0.09 | |
Options outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry
date and exercise prices:
| Series | |
Grant Date | |
Expiry Date | |
Exercise
Price | | |
Share options | | |
Share options | |
| | |
| |
| |
$A | | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| ATHAAB | |
September 18, 2020 | |
September 17, 2025 | |
| 0.09 | | |
| 35,000,000 | | |
| 35,000,000 | |
| ATHAAD | |
January 7, 2021 | |
January 6, 2026 | |
| 0.03 | | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| 91,392,720 | |
| ATHAAE | |
November 29, 2021 | |
November 29, 2026 | |
| 0.04 | | |
| 14,250,000 | | |
| 19,250,000 | |
| ATHAAF | |
July 31, 2021 | |
July 31, 2024 | |
| 0.07 | | |
| 12,000,000 | | |
| 12,000,000 | |
| ATHAAG | |
November 21, 2021 | |
November 29, 2026 | |
| 0.02 | | |
| 11,900,000 | | |
| 12,400,000 | |
| ATHAAH | |
December 21, 2023 | |
December 19, 2026 | |
| 0.001 | | |
| 8,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| ATHAA | |
March 13, 2024 | |
March 13, 2029 | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 26,500,000 | | |
| - | |
| ATHAB | |
March 13, 2024 | |
March 13, 2029 | |
| 0.005 | | |
| 62,500,000 | | |
| - | |
| ATHAC | |
March 21, 2024 | |
March 21, 2029 | |
| 0.003 | | |
| 120,000,000 | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| |
| Total | | |
| 381,542,720 | | |
| 170,042,720 | |
| Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding at end of period. |
3.28 years |
2.53 years |
Risk free interest rate – This is the government bond
rate (having a term that most closely resembles the expected life of the option) in effect at the grant date. The Australian government
bond rate has been used for options which are exercisable for fully paid ordinary shares and the U.S. government bond rate has been used
for options which are exercisable for ADRs.
Dividend yield – Alterity has never declared or paid dividends
on its ordinary shares and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future.
Expected volatility – Alterity estimates expected volatility
based on historical volatility over the estimated life of the option and other factors. Historical volatility has been the basis for determining
expected share price volatility as it is assumed that this is indicative of future movements. The life of the options is based on historical
exercise patterns, which may not eventuate in the future.
Expected life – This is the period of time that the options
granted are expected to remain outstanding. This estimate is based primarily on historical trend of option holders to exercise their option
near the date of expiry. As a result, the expected life is considered to equal the period from grant date to expiry date.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
16. SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued)
Model inputs –
The model inputs for the valuations of options approved and issued
during the current and previous financial years are as follows:
| Series | |
Grant Date | |
Exercise Price
per Share | | |
Share Price
at Grant
Date | | |
Expected Share
Price Volatility | | |
Years to
Expiry | | |
Dividend
Yield | | |
Risk-free
Interest Rate | | |
Fair Value
per Options | |
| | |
| |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
A$ | |
| ATHAAB | |
September 18,2020 | |
| 0.09 | | |
| 0.05 | | |
| 98.00 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 0.43 | % | |
| 0.032 | |
| ATHAAD | |
January 7,2021 | |
| 0.03 | | |
| 0.032 | | |
| 139.52 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 0.38 | % | |
| 0.028 | |
| ATHAAE | |
November 29, 2021 | |
| 0.04 | | |
| 0.025 | | |
| 138.47 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 1.35 | % | |
| 0.021 | |
| ATHAAF | |
July 31, 2021 | |
| 0.07 | | |
| 0.034 | | |
| 169.42 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 0.13 | % | |
| 0.027 | |
| ATHAAG | |
November 29, 2021 | |
| 0.02 | | |
| 0.0238 | | |
| 138.47 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 1.35 | % | |
| 0.021 | |
| ATHAAH | |
December 21, 2023 | |
| 0.01 | | |
| 0.0065 | | |
| 133.87 | % | |
| 3.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 3.67 | % | |
| 0.005 | |
| ATHAA | |
March 13, 2024 | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 158.31 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 3.47 | % | |
| 0.004 | |
| ATHAB | |
March 13, 2024 | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 158.31 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 3.47 | % | |
| 0.004 | |
| ATHAC | |
March 21, 2024 | |
| 0.003 | | |
| 0.004 | | |
| 158.83 | % | |
| 5.00 | | |
| 0 | % | |
| 3.48 | % | |
| 0.004 | |
Information with respect to the number of shares issued under the stock
option plan as follows:
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
Number of Shares | | |
Number of Shares | | |
Number of Shares | |
| Beginning of the year | |
| 13,277,715 | | |
| 13,277,715 | | |
| 13,277,715 | |
| Issued during the year | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| End of the financial year | |
| 13,277,715 | | |
| 13,277,715 | | |
| 13,277,715 | |
No shares were granted during the year ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and
2022.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On 17 July 2024 Alterity Therapeutics announced positive interim
data from the ATH434-202 phase 2 clinical trial. The interim analysis included clinical and biomarker data on participants treated
with ATH434, as well as neuroimaging data.
As announced on 18 July 2024, the Group issued 75,220,800 shares
at $0.0054 per share through the use of its “at market” (ATM) facility amounting to $406,192. This will fund working
capital and progress its research and development activities.
No other matter or circumstance has occurred subsequent to year end
that has significantly affected, or may significantly affect, the operations of the Group, the results of those operations or the state
of affairs of the Group or economic entity in subsequent financial years.
On 31 August 2024 1,935,759,704 free attaching options expired.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
18. LOSS PER SHARE
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Basic and diluted loss per share (cents per share) | |
| (0.52 | ) | |
| (0.57 | ) | |
| (0.53 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares on issue used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share | |
| 3,648,875,564 | | |
| 2,427,841,917 | | |
| 2,405,990,036 | |
The options and warrants in place do not have the effect of diluting
the loss per share. Therefore, they have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. Please refer to Note 11 and Note
16 for options and warrants on issue which were assessed to be antidilutive.
19. KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL COMPENSATION
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Short-term employee benefits | |
| 1,537,843 | | |
| 1,727,020 | | |
| 1,641,015 | |
| Post-employment benefits | |
| 38,486 | | |
| 42,444 | | |
| 44,121 | |
| Long-term benefits | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 7,215 | | |
| 6,711 | |
| Termination benefits | |
| 10,215 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Share-based payments | |
| 552,622 | | |
| 764,175 | | |
| 998,164 | |
| | |
| 2,145,782 | | |
| 2,540,854 | | |
| 2,690,011 | |
20. AUDITORS’ REMUNERATION
| | |
Years Ended June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - Audit and review of financial statements (1) | |
| 248,200 | | |
| 246,400 | | |
| 216,400 | |
| - Other audit services (2) | |
| 95,500 | | |
| 52,000 | | |
| - | |
| | |
| 343,700 | | |
| 298,400 | | |
| 216,400 | |
| 1. |
Audit and review of financial statements consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that generally only the statutory auditor could reasonably provide to a client. |
| 2. |
Included in the balance are amounts related to additional regulatory filings during the 2023 financial years. All services provided are considered audit services for the purpose of SEC classification. |
PricewaterhouseCoopers was appointed as the Group’s principal
independent registered public accounting firm on November 30, 2006. Australian law does not require the Group’s Auditors to be appointed
at the Group’s annual general meeting of shareholders. There is an annual engagement letter which is signed, subject to the Group’s
audit committee approval, with PricewaterhouseCoopers for audit and review work. No non-audit services were provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers
during the 2024, 2023 and 2022 financial years.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
| a. | Equity
Interests in Subsidiaries |
Alterity Therapeutics Limited owns 100% of its subsidiaries, Alterity
Therapeutics Inc. and Alterity Therapeutics UK Ltd.
| b. |
Key Management Personnel Remuneration |
The Directors of Alterity during the year:
Mr. Geoffrey Kempler, Chairman
Mr. Brian Meltzer, Independent Non-Executive Director
Mr. Peter Marks, Independent Non-Executive Director
Mr. Lawrence Gozlan, Non-Executive Director
The Key Management Personnel of the Group during the year:
| Dr. David Stamler |
Chief Executive Officer |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews |
Chief Financial Officer – Resigned 30 January 2024 |
Remuneration of all key management personnel of the Group is determined
by the Board of Directors following recommendation by the Remuneration Committee.
The Group is committed to remunerating senior executives in a manner
that is market competitive and consistent with ‘best practice’ including the interests of shareholders. Remuneration packages
are based on fixed and variable components, determined by the executive’s position, experience and performance, and may be satisfied
via cash or equity.
Non-executive Directors are remunerated out of the aggregate amount
approved by shareholders and at a level that is consistent with industry standards. Non-executive Directors do not receive performance
based bonuses and prior shareholder approval is required to participate in any issuance of equity. No retirement benefits are payable
other than statutory superannuation, if applicable.
The Group’s remuneration policy is not solely based on the Group’s
performance, but also on industry practice.
The Group’s primary focus is research activities with a long
term objective of developing and commercializing its research and development results.
The Group envisages its performance in terms of earnings will remain
negative whilst the Group continues in the research and clinical trials. Shareholder wealth reflects this speculative and volatile market
sector. This pattern is indicative of the Group’s performance over the past four years.
The purpose of a performance bonus is to reward individual performance
in line with Group objectives. Consequently, performance based remuneration is paid to an individual where the individual’s performance
clearly contributes to a successful outcome for the Group. This is regularly measured in respect of performance against key performance
indicators (“KPI’s”).
The Group uses a variety of KPI’s to determine achievement, depending
on the role of the executive being assessed.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
| b. | Key
Management Personnel Remuneration (continued) |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Post- | | |
Long Term | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 2024 | |
Short Term
Benefits | | |
Employment
Superannuation | | |
Benefits
Long-service | | |
Termination | | |
Equity | | |
| |
| | |
Base Fee | | |
Bonus | | |
Contribution | | |
Leave | | |
Benefit | | |
Options | | |
Total | |
| Directors’ remuneration | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler (2) | |
| 269,000 | | |
| - | | |
| 11,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 313,300 | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 63,348 | | |
| - | | |
| 6,937 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| | |
| 472,063 | | |
| - | | |
| 17,937 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 490,000 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other key management personnel | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Dr. David Stamler (3) | |
| 716,615 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| - | | |
| (13,232 | ) | |
| - | | |
| 552,622 | | |
| 1,422,068 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) | |
| 196,334 | | |
| - | | |
| 20,549 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| (32,567 | ) | |
| 201,147 | |
| | |
| 912,949 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| 20,549 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| 520,055 | | |
| 1,623,215 | |
| Total | |
| 1,385,012 | | |
| 166,063 | | |
| 38,486 | | |
| 6,616 | | |
| 10,215 | | |
| 520,055 | | |
| 2,113,215 | |
| (1) |
Ms. Kathryn Andrews resigned 30 January 2024 and served out her notice period accordingly. The unvested FY21 equity options for Kathryn Andrews were forfeited due to cessation of employment. |
| (2) |
Includes $169,000 corporate advisory fees paid to an associate entity of Mr. Geoffrey Kempler for business advisory services including investor relations, marketing and business development. |
| (3) | Dr. David Stamler gets paid in US dollars. |
| 2023 |
|
Short Term
Benefits |
|
|
Superannuation |
|
|
Long-service |
|
|
Termination |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Base Fee |
|
|
Bonus |
|
|
Contribution |
|
|
Leave |
|
|
Benefit |
|
|
Options |
|
|
Total |
|
| Directors’remuneration |
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
|
A$ |
|
| Mr. GeoffreyKempler (2) |
|
|
302,800 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
10,500 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
313,300 |
|
| Mr. Brian Meltzer |
|
|
63,348 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
6,652 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
| Mr. Peter Marks |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
| |
|
|
506,148 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
17,152 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
523,300 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other key management personnel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dr. David Stamler (1) |
|
|
731,381 |
|
|
|
194,570 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
724,047 |
|
|
|
1,649,998 |
|
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) |
|
|
294,921 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
25,292 |
|
|
|
7,215 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
40,128 |
|
|
|
367,556 |
|
| |
|
|
1,026,302 |
|
|
|
194,570 |
|
|
|
25,292 |
|
|
|
7,215 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
764,175 |
|
|
|
2,017,554 |
|
| Total |
|
|
1,532,450 |
|
|
|
194,570 |
|
|
|
42,444 |
|
|
|
7,215 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
764,175 |
|
|
|
2,540,854 |
|
| (1) | Base
Fee includes movements in the annual leave provision for Ms. Kathryn Andrews and Dr. David Stamler in accordance with their employment
contracts. |
| (2) | Includes A$202,800 in corporate advisory fees paid to an
associated entity of Mr. Geoffrey Kempler for business advisory services including investor relations, marketing and business development. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
| b. | Key
Management Personnel Remuneration (continued) |
| | |
| | |
Post- | | |
Long Term | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| 2022 | |
Short Term
Benefits | | |
Employment
Superannuation | | |
Benefits
Long-service | | |
Termination | | |
Equity | | |
| |
| | |
Base Fee | | |
Bonus | | |
Contribution | | |
Leave | | |
Benefit | | |
Options | | |
Total | |
| Directors’ remuneration | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler (2) | |
| 377,800 | | |
| - | | |
| 10,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 387,800 | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 63,636 | | |
| - | | |
| 6,359 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 69,995 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 70,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 70,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan (3) | |
| 107,500 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 107,500 | |
| Dr. David Sinclair (4) | |
| 34,888 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 34,888 | |
| Mr. Tristan Edwards (4) | |
| 31,819 | | |
| - | | |
| 4,194 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 36,013 | |
| | |
| 685,643 | | |
| - | | |
| 20,553 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 706,196 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other key management personnel | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Dr. David Stamler (1) | |
| 658,393 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 965,633 | | |
| 1,624,026 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (1) | |
| 296,979 | | |
| - | | |
| 23,568 | | |
| 6,711 | | |
| - | | |
| 32,531 | | |
| 359,789 | |
| | |
| 955,372 | | |
| - | | |
| 23,568 | | |
| 6,711 | | |
| - | | |
| 998,164 | | |
| 1,983,815 | |
| Total | |
| 1,641,015 | | |
| - | | |
| 44,121 | | |
| 6,711 | | |
| - | | |
| 998,164 | | |
| 2,690,011 | |
| (1) | Base
Fee includes movements in the annual leave provision for Ms. Kathryn Andrews and Dr. David Stamler in accordance with their employment
contracts. |
| (2) | Includes
A$277,800 in corporate advisory fees paid to an associated entity of Mr. Geoffrey Kempler for business advisory services including investor
relations, marketing and business development. |
| (3) | Includes
A$37,500 in corporate advisory fees paid to an associated entity of Mr. Lawrence Gozlan for corporate advisory services including seeking
and advancing opportunities to expand the Group’s product pipeline and other sources of funding to commence and continue the Group’s
clinical trials. |
| (4) | David
Sinclair and Tristan Edwards resigned on January 4, 2022. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
| b. | Key
Management Personnel Remuneration (continued) |
The following Senior Executives were under contract during the year
ended June 30, 2024:
| Key management personnel |
|
Duration |
|
Notice Requirements |
|
Termination |
|
Kathryn Andrews
*Resigned January 30,2024 |
|
Until termination by either party.
Signed November 11, 2014 |
|
Ms Andrews may terminate with 30 days’ notice, or |
|
Accrued entitlements including all unreimbursed business expenses. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Without Cause the Group may terminate with 30 days’ notice, or
With Cause the Group may terminate without notice |
|
Permitted to keep and/or exercise options that have vested at the time of termination. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| David Stamler |
|
Until termination by either party.
Signed January 6, 2021. |
|
Each party will be required to provide 6 months’ notice of termination unless otherwise agreed to in writing. |
|
Accrued entitlements including all unreimbursed business expenses.
Vested but unexercised options shall be exercisable within 30 days
after the date of termination.
Unvested options will terminate automatically without further notice. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
For good reason, Dr Stamler may terminate at any time upon written notice. |
|
Payment equivalent to one hundred percent of current annualized salary.
Accrued entitlements including all unreimbursed business expenses.
Vested but unexercised options shall be exercisable within 30 days
after the date of termination.
Unvested options will terminate automatically without further notice. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
With Cause, the Group may terminate at any time upon written notice |
|
Payment limited to accrued salary, accrued but unused vacation pay and approved but unreimbursed expenses that are owed to date of termination |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
All options shall be canceled upon date of termination |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
| c. | Key
Management Personnel Equity Holdings |
| | |
Balance
July 1,
2023 | | |
Received as
Remuneration | | |
Received on
Exercise of
Options | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Balance
June 30,
2024 | |
| Fully Paid Ordinary Shares of the Group | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,011,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 326,666 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 7,469,523 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 43,111 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 7,185,968 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews (2) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,142,857 | | |
| 10,697,857 | |
| | |
| 21,935,777 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 21,428,571 | | |
| 43,364,000 | |
| | |
Balance
July 1,
2022 | | |
Received as
Remuneration | | |
Received on
Exercise of
Options | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Balance
June 30,
2023 | |
| Fully Paid Ordinary Shares of the Group | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,011,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 326,666 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 326,666 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 43,111 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 43,111 | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| 3,555,000 | |
| | |
| 18,380,777 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 3,555,000 | | |
| 21,935,777 | |
| | |
Balance
July 1,
2021 | | |
Received as
Remuneration | | |
Received on
Exercise of
Options | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Balance
June 30,
2022 | |
| Fully Paid Ordinary Shares of the Group | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | | |
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 18,011,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,011,000 | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 326,666 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 326,666 | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 43,111 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 43,111 | |
| Dr. David Sinclair (1) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Tristan Edwards (1) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| | |
| 18,380,777 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,380,777 | |
| (1) | David Sinclair and Tristan Edwards resigned on January 4,
2022. |
| (2) | Kathryn Andrews resigned January 30,2024 David Sinclair
and Tristan Edwards resigned on January 4, 2022. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
21. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
| c | Key Management Personnel Equity Holdings (continued) |
| Share Options of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2023
No. | | |
Granted as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Options
Exercised
No. | | |
Options
Expired
No. | | |
Options
Forfeited
No. | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Options
Vested
During
the year | | |
Balance
June 30,
2024
No. | | |
Total
Vested and
Exercisable
June 30,
2024
No. | | |
Total Unvested
June 30,
2024
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| - | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| - | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| 16,523,809 | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews(1) | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (5,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| 120,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 9,523,809 | | |
| - | | |
| 220,916,529 | | |
| 104,740,244 | | |
| 116,176,285 | |
| | |
| 131,392,720 | | |
| 120,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (5,000,000 | ) | |
| 28,571,427 | | |
| - | | |
| 274,964,147 | | |
| 158,787,862 | | |
| 116,176,285 | |
| 1) | Kathryn Andres resigned on January 30, 2024 |
| Share Options of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2022
No. | | |
Granted as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Options
Exercised
No. | | |
Options
Expired
No. | | |
Options
Forfeited
No. | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Options
Vested
During
the year | | |
Balance
June 30,
2023
No. | | |
Total
Vested and
Exercisable
June 30,
2023
No. | | |
Total
Unvested
June 30,
2023
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 19,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (5,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| 14,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (1,250,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| 1,250,000 | | |
| 3,750,000 | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| 32,368,255 | | |
| 59,024,465 | |
| | |
| 140,142,720 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (8,750,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 131,392,720 | | |
| 68,618,255 | | |
| 62,774,465 | |
| Share Options of the Group | |
Balance
July 1,
2021
No. | | |
Granted as
Remuneration
No. | | |
Options
Exercised
No. | | |
Options
Expired
No. | | |
Options
Forfeited
No. | | |
Net Change
Other | | |
Options
Vested
During
the year | | |
Balance
June 30,
2022
No. | | |
Total
Vested and Exercisable
June 30,
2022
No. | | |
Total
Unvested
June 30,
2022
No. | |
| Mr. Geoffrey Kempler | |
| 19,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 19,000,000 | | |
| 19,000,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Lawrence Gozlan | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Brian Meltzer | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Peter Marks | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| 8,250,000 | | |
| - | |
| Dr. David Sinclair (1) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (7,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Mr. Tristan Edwards (1) | |
| 7,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (7,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Ms. Kathryn Andrews | |
| 500,000 | | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| (500,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| 5,000,000 | |
| Dr. David Stamler | |
| 95,392,720 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (4,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 91,392,720 | | |
| - | | |
| 91,392,720 | |
| | |
| 153,642,720 | | |
| 5,000,000 | | |
| - | | |
| (4,500,000 | ) | |
| (14,000,000 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 140,142,720 | | |
| 43,750,000 | | |
| 96,392,720 | |
| (1) | David
Sinclair and Tristan Edwards resigned on January 4, 2022. |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
22. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Group’s Chief Executive Officer (Chief Operating Decision
Maker) examines internal reports to assess the Group’s performance and determine the allocation of resources. The Group’s
has identified one reportable segment as a whole and cover research into Parkinsonian movement disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington
disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks
including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability
of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Group. Risk management is carried
out under policies approved by the Board of Directors and overseen by the Audit Committee.
The Group engages in international purchase transactions and is exposed
to foreign currency risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the Australian dollar. The parent entity also
has exposure to foreign exchange risk in the currency cash reserves it holds to meet its foreign currency payments. The Group does not
make use of derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign exchange risk.
The following financial assets and liabilities are subject to foreign
currency risk, the currency of the original amounts are displayed in brackets, all the amounts in the table below are displayed in A$
at year-end spot rates:
| | |
Consolidated Entity | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
A$ | | |
A$ | |
| Cash and cash equivalents (USD) | |
| 225,722 | | |
| 15,473,231 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents (€EUR) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Cash and cash equivalents (£GBP) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Trade and other payables (USD) | |
| (507,820 | ) | |
| (1,611,223 | ) |
| Trade and other payables (€EUR) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Trade and other payables (£GBP) | |
| (3,834 | ) | |
| (17,444 | ) |
| Trade and other payables (JPY) | |
| (2,992 | ) | |
| - | |
| Total exposure | |
| (288,924 | ) | |
| 13,844,564 | |
As shown in the table above, the Group is primarily exposed to changes
in USD/AUD exchange rates. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the exchange rates arises mainly from US-dollar denominated
financial instruments and there is no impact on other components of equity.
Based on the financial instruments held as of June 30, 2023, had the
Australian dollar weakened/strengthened by 0.35% (2023: 3.6%),(2022: 8.19%) against the USD with all other variables held constant, the
Group’s post-tax loss for the year would have been (A$1,000) lower/higher (2021: A$2,233,871 lower/higher).
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk, which is the risk
that a financial instruments value will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates and the effective weighted average interest
rates on classes of financial assets and financial liabilities.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)
| (a) | Market
Risk (continued) |
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk has not changed since
the prior year.
At June 30, 2024, the Group had the following cash accounts:
| |
● |
A$11,529,456 in an Australian dollar cash maximiser account at an interest rate of 2.7% as of June 30, 2024; |
| |
● |
A$705,952 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2024; |
| |
● |
A$182,048 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2024; |
| |
● |
U.S.$138,388 (A$207,581) in U.S. checking accounts at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2024; |
| |
● |
U.S.$12,094 (A$18,141) in U.S. Airwallex accounts at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2024 |
| |
● |
(A$4,293) in a Visa Credit card account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30,2024. |
At June 30, 2023, the Group had the following cash accounts:
| |
● |
A$27,457 in an Australian dollar cash maximiser account at an interest rate of 1.44% as of June 30, 2023; |
| |
● |
A$61,518 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2023; |
| |
● |
A$18,864 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2023; |
| |
● |
U.S.$10,279,099 (A$15,473,231) in U.S. checking accounts at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2023; |
| |
● |
A$42,713 in a 90 days term deposit at a fixed interest rate of 3.85% which matures on August 28, 2023; |
| |
● |
A$150,000 in a 90 days term deposit at a fixed interest rate of 3.85% which matures on September 2, 2023; |
At June 30, 2022, the Group had the following cash accounts:
| |
● |
A$4,863,883 in an Australian dollar cash maximiser account at an interest rate of 0.29% as of June 30, 2022; |
| |
● |
A$106,224 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2022; |
| |
● |
A$281,415 in an Australian dollar transaction account at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2022; |
| |
● |
U.S.$20,233,747 (A$29,361,393) in U.S. checking accounts at an interest rate of 0.00% as of June 30, 2022; |
| |
● |
A$42,713 in a 90 days term deposit at a fixed interest rate of 0.15% which matures on September 2, 2022; |
| |
● |
A$150,000 in a 90 days term deposit at a fixed interest rate of 0.15% which matures on September 7, 2022; |
The weighted average interest rate is 0.05% for cash and cash equivalents
and 3.85% for terms deposits for 90 days and apart from usual variances in general rates of interest the Group is not exposed to any significant
interest rate risk.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)
| (a) | Market
Risk (continued) |
Receivables and payables are non-interest bearing.
The Group’s exposure to interest rates and the effective weighted
average interest rate for classes of financial assets and liabilities is set out below:
| June 30, 2024 | |
Floating
Interest Rate
(A$) | | |
Fixed Interest
Maturing in
(A$) | | |
Non-Interest
bearing
(A$) | | |
Total
(A$) | | |
Average
Interest Rate | |
| | |
| | |
1 year
or less | | |
1-5 years | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Financial Assets | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Cash and cash equivalents | |
| 11,529,456 | | |
| (4,293 | ) | |
| - | | |
| 1,113,722 | | |
| 12,638,885 | | |
| 2.463 | % |
| Trade and other receivables | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 4,041,675 | | |
| 4,041,675 | | |
| | |
| Other current assets | |
| - | | |
| 30,091 | | |
| - | | |
| 10,577 | | |
| 40,668 | | |
| 3.515 | % |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Financial Assets | |
| 11,529,456 | | |
| 25,798 | | |
| - | | |
| 5,165,974 | | |
| 16,721,228 | | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Financial Liabilities | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Trade and other payables | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (4,619,947 | ) | |
| (4,619,947 | ) | |
| | |
| Lease liabilities | |
| - | | |
| (107,131 | ) | |
| (51,914 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (159,045 | ) | |
| | |
| Other Current Liabilities | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (100,000 | ) | |
| (100,000 | ) | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Financial Liabilities | |
| - | | |
| (107,131 | ) | |
| (51,914 | ) | |
| (4,719,947 | ) | |
| (4,878,992 | ) | |
| | |
| June 30, 2023 | |
Floating
Interest Rate
(A$) | | |
Fixed Interest
Maturing in
(A$) | | |
Non-Interest
bearing
(A$) | | |
Total
(A$) | | |
Average
Interest Rate | |
| | |
| | |
1 year
or less | | |
1-5 years | | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Financial Assets | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Cash and cash equivalents | |
| 27,457 | | |
| 192,713 | | |
| - | | |
| 15,553,613 | | |
| 15,773,783 | | |
| 0.050 | % |
| Trade and other receivables | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 8,665,704 | | |
| 8,665,704 | | |
| | |
| Other current assets | |
| - | | |
| 29,150 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 4.4 | % |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Financial Assets | |
| 27,457 | | |
| 192,713 | | |
| - | | |
| 24,219,317 | | |
| 24,439,487 | | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Financial Liabilities | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Trade and other payables | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (3,517,708 | ) | |
| (3,517,708 | ) | |
| | |
| Lease liabilities | |
| - | | |
| (107,177 | ) | |
| (103,207 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (210,384 | ) | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total Financial Liabilities | |
| - | | |
| (107,177 | ) | |
| (103,207 | ) | |
| (3,517,708 | ) | |
| (3,728,092 | ) | |
| | |
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on
its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk and it
is not the Group’s policy to hedge credit risk.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)
| (b) | Credit
Risk (continued) |
The Group ensures that surplus cash is invested with financial institutions
of appropriate credit worthiness and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one counter party.
There has been no significant change in the Group’s exposure
to credit risk since the previous year. The carrying amount of the Group’s financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash
and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining
sufficient bank balances to fund its operations and the availability of funding through committed credit facilities.
Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity
reserve on the basis of expected cash flows. See Note 1 (Going Concern Basis) of our accompanying financial statements.
| | |
Maturities of Financial Liabilities | |
| 2024 | |
Less than
6 months | | |
6-12
months | | |
Greater than
12 months
and less than
5 years | | |
Total
contracted
cash flows | | |
Carrying
amounts | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Trade and other payables | |
| (4,619,947 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (4,619,947 | ) | |
| (4,619,947 | ) |
| Lease liabilities | |
| (53,566 | ) | |
| (53,565 | ) | |
| (51,914 | ) | |
| (159,045 | ) | |
| (159,045 | ) |
| Total | |
| (4,673,513 | ) | |
| (53,565 | ) | |
| (51,914 | ) | |
| (4,778,992 | ) | |
| (4,778,992 | ) |
| 2023 | |
Less than
6 months | | |
6-12
months | | |
Greater than
12 months
and less than
5 years | | |
Total
contracted
cash flows | | |
Carrying
amounts | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Trade and other payables | |
| (3,517,708 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (3,517,708 | ) | |
| (3,517,708 | ) |
| Lease liabilities | |
| (53,589 | ) | |
| (53,588 | ) | |
| (103,207 | ) | |
| (210,384 | ) | |
| (210,384 | ) |
| Total | |
| (3,571,297 | ) | |
| (53,588 | ) | |
| (103,207 | ) | |
| (3,728,092 | ) | |
| (3,728,092 | ) |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
23. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)
| (d) | Capital
Risk Management |
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard
the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and to maintain an optimal capital structure so as to maximize shareholder value.
In order to maintain or achieve an optimal capital structure, the Group may issue new shares or reduce its capital, subject to the provisions
of the Group’s constitution. The capital structure of the Group consists of equity attributed to equity holders of the Group, comprising
contributed equity, reserves and accumulated losses disclosed in Notes 10, 11 and 12. By monitoring undiscounted cash flow forecasts and
actual cash flows provided to the Board by the Group’s Management the Board monitors the need to raise additional equity from the
equity markets.
The carrying amount of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded
in the financial statements represents their respective fair values, determined in accordance with the accounting policies disclosed in
Note 1 to the financial statements.
Financial Instruments measured at Fair Value
The financial instruments recognised at fair value in the Statement
of Financial Position have been analysed and classified using a fair value hierarchy reflecting the significance of the inputs used in
making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following levels:
| - | quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1); |
| - | inputs
other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (as prices) or indirectly
(derived from prices) (Level 2); and |
| - | inputs
for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs) (Level 3). |
In 2023 and 2022, none of the Group’s assets and liabilities
had their fair value determined using the fair value hierarchy. No transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy occurred during
the current or previous years.
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS –
in Australian dollars (unless otherwise noted)
24. PARENT ENTITY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The individual financial statements for the parent entity show the
following aggregate amounts:
| | |
June 30, | |
| | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| Statement of financial position | |
| | |
| |
| Current Assets | |
| 19,018,719 | | |
| 27,048,773 | |
| Non-current Assets | |
| 147,018 | | |
| 229,103 | |
| Total assets | |
| 19,165,737 | | |
| 27,277,876 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Current liabilities | |
| (5,101,935 | ) | |
| (4,993,949 | ) |
| Non-current liabilities | |
| (1,151,157 | ) | |
| (122,710 | ) |
| Total liabilities | |
| (6,253,092 | ) | |
| (5,116,659 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Shareholders’ equity | |
| | | |
| | |
| Contributed equity | |
| 223,151,570 | | |
| 213,971,323 | |
| Reserves | |
| 4,806,203 | | |
| 3,972,475 | |
| Accumulated losses | |
| (215,045,128 | ) | |
| (195,782,581 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total equity | |
| 12,912,645 | | |
| 22,161,217 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income | |
| | | |
| | |
| Loss for the year | |
| (19,355,765 | ) | |
| (13,967,504 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | |
| (19,355,765 | ) | |
| (13,967,504 | ) |
ALTERITY THERAPEUTICS LIMITED
ADDITIONAL AUSTRALIAN
FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
CONSOLIDATED ENTITY DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
| Name of entity | |
Type of entity | |
Trustee,
partner or
JV | |
% of
Share
Capital | | |
Place of
Incorporation | |
Australian or
foreign resident | |
Foreign
jurisdiction of
foreign residents |
| Alterity Therapeutics Limited | |
Body Corporate | |
- | |
| 100 | % | |
Australia | |
Australian | |
n/a |
| Alterity Therapeutics Inc | |
Body Corporate | |
- | |
| 100 | % | |
United States of America | |
United States of America | |
United States of America |
| Alterity Therapeutics UK Ltd | |
Body Corporate | |
- | |
| 100 | % | |
United Kingdom | |
United Kingdom | |
United Kingdom |
Basis of preparation
This consolidated entity disclosure statement (CEDS) has been prepared
in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001 and includes information for each entity that was part of the consolidated entity as at the
end of the financial year in accordance with AASB 10 Consolidated Financial Statements.
Determination of tax residency
Section 295 (3A)(vi) of the Corporation Act 2001 defines tax residency
as having the meaning in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The determination of tax residency involves judgement as there are different
interpretations that could be adopted, and which could give rise to a different conclusion on residency. In determining tax residency,
the consolidated entity has applied the following interpretations:
| ● | Australian tax residency. The consolidated entity has applied current legislation and judicial
precedent, including having regard to the Tax Commissioner’s public guidance in Tax Ruling TR 2018/5 |
| ● | Foreign tax residency. Where necessary, the consolidated entity
has used independent tax advisers in foreign jurisdictions to assist in its determination of tax residency to ensure applicable foreign
tax legislation has been complied with (see section 295(3A)(vii) of the Corporations Act 2001). |
Australian Disclosure Requirements
Directors’ Declaration
In the Directors’ opinion:
| a) |
the financial statements and notes set out on pages F-1 to F-48 are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: |
| (i) | complying
with Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 and other mandatory professional reporting requirements, and |
| (ii) | giving
a true and fair view of the consolidated entity’s financial position as at June 30, 2024 and of its performance for the financial
year ended on that date, and |
| b) | there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Group will
be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable. |
| c) | the
consolidated entity disclosure statement on page 79 is true and correct. |
Note 1 confirms that the consolidated financial
statements also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
The Directors have been given the declarations
by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001.
This declaration is made in accordance with a resolution
of Directors.
| /s/ Geoffrey Kempler |
|
| Chairman |
|
| Melbourne |
|
September 26, 2024
Independent auditor’s report
To the members of Alterity Therapeutics Limited
Report on the audit of the financial report
Our opinion
In our opinion:
The accompanying financial report of Alterity Therapeutics
Limited (the Company) and its controlled entities (together the Group) is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including:
| (a) | giving a true and fair view of the Group's financial position
as at 30 June 2024 and of its financial performance for the year then ended |
| (b) | complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations
Regulations 2001. |
What we have audited
The financial report comprises:
| ● | the
consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 June 2024 |
| ● | the
consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year then ended |
| ● | the
consolidated cash flow statement for the year then ended |
| ● | the
consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss for the year then ended |
| ● | the
notes to the consolidated financial statements, including material accounting policy information and other explanatory information |
| ● | the
consolidated entity disclosure statement as at 30 June 2024 |
| ● | the
directors’ declaration. |
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian
Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the
audit of the financial report section of our report.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained
is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Independence
We are independent of the Group in accordance with
the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional
& Ethical Standards Board’s APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards) (the
Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in
accordance with the Code.
PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757
2 Riverside Quay, SOUTHBANK VIC 3006, GPO Box 1331 MELBOURNE
VIC 3001
T: +61 3 8603 1000, F: +61 3 8603 1999, www.pwc.com.au
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.
Material uncertainty related to going concern
We draw attention to Note 1 in the financial report,
which indicates that the Group incurred a net loss of $19,123,464 and a net operating cash outflow of $12,605,824 during the year ended
30 June 2024, and that the Group will need to raise additional capital to continue the development of its planned research and development
programs. These conditions, along with other matters set forth in Note 1, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant
doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
Our audit approach
An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about
whether the financial report is free from material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material
if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of
the financial report.
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that
we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management
structure of the Group, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates.
| Audit scope |
|
Key audit matters |
| ● Our audit focused on where the Group made subjective judgements; for example, significant accounting estimates involving assumptions and inherently uncertain future events. |
|
● Amongst other relevant topics, we communicated the following key audit matter to the Audit and Risk Committee:
−
Research and development tax incentive receivable
●
This is further described in the Key audit matters section of our report, except for the matter which is described in the material
uncertainty related to going concern section. |
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional
judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed
in the context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion
on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a particular audit procedure is made in that context.
In addition to the matter described
in the Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have determined the matter described below to be the key audit
matter to be communicated in our report.
| Key audit matter |
|
How our audit addressed the key audit matter |
|
Research and development tax incentive receivable
(Refer to note 5) [$4.0 million]
As described in Notes 1, 2 and 5 of the financial report,
the Group’s research and development (“R&D”) tax incentive receivable was $4.0 million as of 30 June 2024, which
was recorded as other income for the year ended 30 June 2024.
The Group assessed its R&D activities and related
expenditures and applied significant judgement in determining which are eligible under the R&D tax incentive scheme, and then recorded
the expected R&D tax incentive amount as a receivable in the consolidated statement of financial position and as other income in the
consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss.
The principal considerations for our determination
that performing procedures relating to the R&D tax incentive receivable is a key audit matter are the significant judgements made
by the Group to determine whether the R&D activities and related expenditures are eligible under the R&D tax incentive scheme.
This in turn led to a high degree of auditor subjectivity, judgement and effort in performing procedures to evaluate the audit evidence
related to the valuation of the R&D tax incentive receivable. |
|
Our audit procedures included, among others, testing the
Group’s process for determining the R&D tax incentive receivable, which included:
●
evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation methodology used to estimate the amount of the R&D tax incentive receivable;
●
testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying expense data used to determine the R&D tax incentive receivable; and
●
evaluating, for a selection of eligible expenditures, the appropriateness of the Group’s assessment of eligibility.
The work of the Group’s expert was used in performing
the procedures to evaluate the appropriateness of the R&D tax incentive receivable. As a basis for using this work, the expert’s
qualifications were understood and the Group’s relationship with the expert was assessed. The procedures performed also included
an evaluation of the methods and significant assumptions used by the expert and an evaluation of the expert’s findings. |
Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information.
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report for the year ended 30 June 2024, but does not include the
financial report and our auditor’s report thereon.
Our opinion on the financial
report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon through our opinion
on the financial report. We have issued a separate opinion on the remuneration report.
In connection with our audit of
the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is
materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If, based on the work we have performed on the other information
that we obtained prior to the date of this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information,
we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial
report
The directors of the Company are responsible for the
preparation of the financial report in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001, including
giving a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial
report that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible
for assessing the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have
no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the
financial report
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in
accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from
fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial report.
A further description of our responsibilities for the
audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ar1_2020.pdf.
This description forms part of our auditor's report.
Report on the remuneration report
Our opinion on the remuneration report
We have audited the remuneration
report included in Item 6 (Directors, Senior Management and Employees) of the Form 20-F for the year ended 30 June 2024 identified by
the title ‘Start of the Remuneration Report for Australian Disclosure Requirements’ to ‘End of Remuneration Report’.
In our opinion, the remuneration report of Alterity
Therapeutics Limited for the year ended 30 June 2024 complies with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001.
Responsibilities
The directors of the Company are responsible for the
preparation and presentation of the remuneration report in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. Our responsibility
is to express an opinion on the remuneration report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.
| /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers | |
PricewaterhouseCoopers
| Ben Gargett |
Melbourne |
| Partner |
26 September 2024 |
Auditor’s Independence Declaration
As lead auditor for the audit of Alterity Therapeutics
Limited for the year ended 30 June 2024, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:
| (a) | no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements
of the Corporations Act 2001 in relation to the audit; and |
| (b) | no contraventions of any applicable code of professional
conduct in relation to the audit. |
This declaration is in respect of Alterity Therapeutics
Limited and the entities it controlled during the period.
| Ben Gargett |
Melbourne |
| Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers |
26 September 2024 |
PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757
2 Riverside Quay, SOUTHBANK VIC 3006, GPO Box 1331, MELBOURNE
VIC 3001
T: 61 3 8603 1000, F: 61 3 8603 1999, www.pwc.com.au
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional
Standards Legislation.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
Index to Exhibits.
| |
|
|
|
Incorporated by
Reference |
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
Exhibit |
|
Filing Date/
Period End
Date |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| 1 |
|
Constitution of Registrant. |
|
20-F |
|
1.1 |
|
6/30/09 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| 2.1 |
|
Deposit Agreement dated March 23, 2001, as amended and restated as of December 21, 2007, among the Registrant, the Bank of New York, as Depositary, and owners and holders from time to time of ADRs issued thereunder, including the Form of American Depositary Receipts. |
|
F-6 POS |
|
1 |
|
12/21/07 |
| |
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|
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| 2.2 |
|
Certificate of Registration on Change of Name. |
|
F-3 |
|
4.2 |
|
5/13/19 |
| |
|
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|
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| 2.3* |
|
Rights Attached to Ordinary Shares. |
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| |
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| 4.1 |
|
2018 American Depository Share (ADS) Option Plan. |
|
6-K |
|
Annexure A to Item 1 |
|
11/3/04 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4.2 |
|
2004 Employees’, Directors’ and Consultants’ Share and Option Plan. |
|
6-K |
|
Annexure B to Item 1 |
|
11/3/04 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| 4.3 |
|
Sales Agreement dated February 15, 2024 between Alterity Therapeutics Limited and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC |
|
6-K |
|
1.1 |
|
02/15/2024 |
| |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
| 8.1* |
|
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant. |
|
|
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| |
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| 11.1* |
|
Securities Trading Policy |
|
|
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| 12.1* |
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
|
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| |
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| 12.2* |
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act, as amended. |
|
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| |
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| 13.1* |
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
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| |
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| 13.2* |
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
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| |
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| 15.1* |
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers. |
|
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| |
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| 15.2* |
|
Auditor’s independence declaration. |
|
|
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| |
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| 97.1* |
|
Incentive-Based Compensation Recovery Policy Effective November 1, 2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 101.INS |
|
Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| |
|
|
| 101.SCH |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| |
|
|
| 101.CAL |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
| |
|
|
| 101.DEF |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
| |
|
|
| 101.LAB |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
| |
|
|
| 101.PRE |
|
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
| |
|
|
| 104 |
|
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
SIGNATURES
The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this report on its behalf.
| |
Alterity Therapeutics Limited |
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ David A. Stamler |
| |
|
David A. Stamler |
| |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
Dated September 26, 2024
Alterity Therapeutics Limited
Shareholder information
June 30, 2024
The shareholder information set out below was applicable as
at September 24, 2024.
A.
Distribution of equity securities
Ordinary shares
5,320,336,118 fully paid ordinary shares are held by
5,552 individual shareholders. All ordinary shares carry one vote per share.
Analysis of numbers of equity security holders by size
of holding:
| Holding | |
No. of holders | |
| 1 - 1000 | |
| 497 | |
| 1,001 - 5,000 | |
| 1,043 | |
| 5,001 - 10,000 | |
| 470 | |
| 10,001 - 100,000 | |
| 1,942 | |
| 100,001 and over | |
| 1,600 | |
| | |
| 5,552 | |
| including: | |
| | |
| Unmarketable parcels | |
| 4,222 | |
Options
| ● | 35,000,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.09 on or before
17 September 2025, are held by 4 individual shareholders |
| ● | 91,392,720 unlisted options exercisable at $0.03 on or before
6 January 2026, are held by 1 individual shareholder |
| ● | 12,000,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.07 on or before
31 July 2024, are held by 1 individual shareholder |
| ● | 14,250,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.04 on or before
29 November 2026, are held by 7 individual shareholders |
| ● | 11,900,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.02 on or before
29 November 2026, are held by 3 individual shareholders |
| ● | 8,000,000 unlisted options exercisable at 0.0105 on or before
19 December 2026, are held by 1 individual shareholder |
| ● | 120,000,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.003 on or
before 21 March 2029, are held by 1 individual shareholder |
| ● | 26,500,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.004 on or before
13 March 2029, are held by 5 individual shareholders |
| ● | 62,500,000 unlisted options exercisable at $0.0047 on or
before 13 March 2029, are held by 5 individual shareholders |
| ● | 932,706,668 free-attaching options exercisable at $0.01 on
or before 31 August 2026, are held by 341 individual shareholders |
All options do not carry a right
to vote. Voting rights will be attached to the unissued shares when the options have been exercised.
Alterity Therapeutics Limited
Shareholder information
June 30, 2024 (continued)
B.
Equity security holders
Twenty largest quoted equity security holders
The names of the twenty largest holders of quoted equity securities
are listed below:
| Name | |
Ordinary Shares |
| | |
Number Held | | |
Percentage of issued shares | |
| HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED | |
| 2,181,650,785 | | |
| 41.01 | |
| CITICORP NOMINEES PTY LIMITED | |
| 166,549,148 | | |
| 3.13 | |
| BUTTONWOOD NOMINEES PTY LTD | |
| 103,382,234 | | |
| 1.94 | |
| KYRIACO BARBER PTY LTD | |
| 65,000,000 | | |
| 1.22 | |
| MST FINANCIAL SERVICES PTY LTD | |
| 52,517,122 | | |
| 0.99 | |
| ANDREW MARK WILMOT SETON | |
| 44,203,475 | | |
| 0.83 | |
| ONE MANAGED INVESTMENT FUNDS LIMITED <TI GROWTH A/C> | |
| 42,857,143 | | |
| 0.81 | |
| MRS AMANDA KAY LANG | |
| 40,026,452 | | |
| 0.75 | |
| CAPUANO NOMINEES PTY LTD <THE HARTMAN INVESTMENT A/C> | |
| 40,000,000 | | |
| 0.75 | |
| JAGEN PTY LTD | |
| 38,556,497 | | |
| 0.72 | |
| MR BUU LAN AU | |
| 37,211,096 | | |
| 0.70 | |
| M F CUNNINGHAM PTY LTD <CUNNINGHAM S/F A/C> | |
| 35,571,429 | | |
| 0.67 | |
| SATUR INVESTMENTS PTY LTD <SATUR SUPER FUND A/C> | |
| 32,271,429 | | |
| 0.61 | |
| SPICEME CAPITAL PTY LTD | |
| 30,000,000 | | |
| 0.56 | |
| MR JEFFREY ERNST KELLER + MR KIM AARON MULLER <KIM MULLER SUPER FUND A/C> | |
| 29,354,184 | | |
| 0.55 | |
| MR CRAIG GRAEME CHAPMAN <NAMPAC DISCRETIONARY A/C> | |
| 28,571,429 | | |
| 0.54 | |
| MS ELIF CEREN GUNES | |
| 28,571,429 | | |
| 0.54 | |
| BNP PARIBAS NOMINEES PTY LTD <CLEARSTREAM> | |
| 27,310,604 | | |
| 0.51 | |
| BNP PARIBAS NOMS PTY LTD | |
| 26,886,761 | | |
| 0.51 | |
| MR SCOTT ANTHONY NICHOLLS | |
| 26,000,000 | | |
| 0.49 | |
| | |
| 3,076,491,217 | | |
| 57.83 | |
Name
Unquoted equity securities
There are no unquoted equity securities holding greater
than 20%.
C.
Shareholder enquiries
Shareholders with enquiries about their shareholdings should
contact the Share Registry:
Computershare Investor Services Pty Ltd
Yarra Falls, 452
Johnston Street
Abbotsford, Victoria, 3067, Australia
Telephone: 1300 85 05 05 (within Australia) + 61 3 9415 4000
(overseas)
Facsimile: + 61 3 9473 2500
Email: essential.registry@computershare.com.au
Website:
www.computershare.com.au
D.
Change of address, change of name and consolidation of shareholdings
Shareholders should contact the Share Registry to obtain details
of the procedure required for any of these changes.
Alterity Therapeutics Limited
Shareholder information
June
30, 2024 (continued)
Shareholders who wish to receive
a hard copy of the Annual Financial Report should advise the Share Registry or the Group in writing. Alternatively, an electronic copy
of the Annual Financial Report is available from www.asx.com.au or www.alteritytherapeutics.com. All shareholders will continue to receive
all other shareholder information.
It is important that Australian resident
shareholders, including children, have their tax file number or exemption details noted by the Share Registry.
| G. | CHESS (Clearing House Electronic Sub-register System) |
Shareholders wishing to move to uncertified
holdings under the Australian Securities Exchange CHESS system should contact their stockbroker.
| H. | Uncertified share register |
Shareholding statements are issued
at the end of each month that there is a transaction that alters the balance of your holding.
Shareholders wishing to access
specific information about their holding can visit the Share Registry's website at www.computershare.com.au
Alterity Therapeutics Limited
Corporate directory
| Directors |
Mr. Geoffrey Kempler |
| |
Non-Executive Chairman |
| |
|
| |
Mr. Lawrence Gozlan |
| |
Non-Executive Director |
| |
|
| |
Mr. Peter Marks |
| |
Independent Non-Executive Director |
| |
|
| |
Mr. Brian Meltzer |
| |
Independent Non-Executive Director |
| |
|
| Secretary |
Mr. Phillip Hains |
| |
|
| Principal registered office in Australia |
Level 3, 62 Lygon Street |
| |
Carlton Victoria 3053
Australia |
| |
+61 3 9824 5254 |
| |
|
| Share register |
Computershare Investor Services Pty Ltd
Yarra Falls, 452 Johnston Street
Abbotsford Victoria 3067 |
| |
1300 85 05 05 (within Australia) & +61 3 9414 4000 (overseas) |
| |
|
| Auditor |
PricewaterhouseCoopers
2 Riverside Quay |
| |
Southbank Victoria 3006 |
| |
|
| Solicitors |
Quinert Rodda & Associates Pty Ltd
Level 6/400 Collins St |
| |
Melbourne Victoria 3000 |
| |
|
| Website |
www.alteritytherapeutics.com |
Alterity Therapeutics (PK) (USOTC:PRNAF)
Gráfica de Acción Histórica
De Dic 2024 a Ene 2025
Alterity Therapeutics (PK) (USOTC:PRNAF)
Gráfica de Acción Histórica
De Ene 2024 a Ene 2025
