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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
OR
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from___to___
Commission file number 0-24000

ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania
25-0466020
(State or other jurisdiction of(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)Identification No.)

100 Erie Insurance Place,Erie,Pennsylvania16530
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

814870-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Class A common stock,stated value $0.0292 per shareERIENASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
(Title of each class)(Trading Symbol)(Name of each exchange on which registered)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☐
Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ 

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock as of the latest practicable date was 46,189,068 at July 19, 2024.
 
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class B Common Stock as of the latest practicable date was 2,542 at July 19, 2024.

2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Three months ended
June 30,		Six months ended
June 30,
2024202320242023
Operating revenue  
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services
$760,886 $633,339 $1,426,572 $1,191,429 
Management fee revenue - administrative services17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825 
Administrative services reimbursement revenue206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293 
Service agreement revenue6,473 6,429 12,987 12,788 
Total operating revenue990,438 839,870 1,871,139 1,592,335 
Operating expenses
Cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services594,202 521,246 1,144,524 990,341 
Cost of operations - administrative services206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293 
Total operating expenses800,230 705,712 1,542,119 1,347,634 
Operating income190,208 134,158 329,020 244,701 
Investment income
Net investment income16,010 13,535 31,913 15,718 
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains(1,795)(1,737)58 (7,019)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings(388)(171)(3,065)(1,804)
Total investment income13,827 11,627 28,906 6,895 
Other income3,292 3,305 6,703 6,642 
Income before income taxes207,327 149,090 364,629 258,238 
Income tax expense43,424 31,238 76,174 54,145 
Net income$163,903 $117,852 $288,455 $204,093 
Net income per share  
Class A common stock – basic$3.52 $2.53 $6.19 $4.38 
Class A common stock – diluted$3.13 $2.25 $5.52 $3.90 
Class B common stock – basic and diluted$528 $380 $929 $657 
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic
  
Class A common stock46,189,042 46,189,026 46,189,028 46,188,923 
Class B common stock2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542 
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted
  
Class A common stock52,305,299 52,299,974 52,303,551 52,298,298 
Class B common stock2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542 
Dividends declared per share  
Class A common stock$1.275 $1.19 $2.55 $2.38 
Class B common stock$191.25 $178.50 $382.50 $357.00 

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements. See Note 11, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)", for amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into the Statements of Operations. 
3
ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three months ended
June 30,		Six months ended
June 30,
2024202320242023
Net income$163,903 $117,852 $288,455 $204,093 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax  
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities1,541 (1,746)787 8,748 
Pension and other postretirement plans(3,434)(2,742)(4,510)(5,484)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(1,893)(4,488)(3,723)3,264 
Comprehensive income$162,010 $113,364 $284,732 $207,357 
 
See accompanying notes to Financial Statements. See Note 11, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)", for amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into the Statements of Operations.
4
ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
June 30,December 31,
20242023
Assets(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $14,027 and $12,542, respectively)
$170,634 $144,055 
Available-for-sale securities47,734 82,017 
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net708,171 625,338 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets83,529 69,321 
Accrued investment income10,204 9,458 
Total current assets1,020,272 930,189 
Available-for-sale securities, net946,525 879,224 
Available-for-sale securities lent 6,125 0 
Equity securities80,128 84,253 
Fixed assets, net469,145 442,610 
Agent loans, net56,813 58,434 
Defined benefit pension plan65,221 34,320 
Other assets, net47,731 42,934 
Total assets$2,691,960 $2,471,964 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Commissions payable$413,205 $353,709 
Agent incentive compensation44,870 68,077 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities198,689 175,622 
Dividends payable59,377 59,377 
Contract liability41,570 41,210 
Deferred executive compensation8,216 10,982 
Securities lending payable6,345 0 
Total current liabilities772,272 708,977 
Defined benefit pension plan26,591 26,260 
Contract liability20,645 19,910 
Deferred executive compensation16,341 20,936 
Deferred income taxes, net5,192 11,481 
Other long-term liabilities22,106 21,565 
Total liabilities863,147 809,129 
Shareholders’ equity
Class A common stock, stated value $0.0292 per share; 74,996,930 shares authorized; 68,299,200 shares issued; 46,189,068 shares outstanding
1,992 1,992 
Class B common stock, convertible at a rate of 2,400 Class A shares for one Class B share, stated value $70 per share; 3,070 shares authorized; 2,542 shares issued and outstanding
178 178 
Additional paid-in-capital16,466 16,466 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(17,123)(13,400)
Retained earnings2,973,390 2,803,689 
Total contributed capital and retained earnings2,974,903 2,808,925 
Treasury stock, at cost; 22,110,132 shares held
(1,168,297)(1,169,165)
Deferred compensation22,207 23,075 
Total shareholders’ equity1,828,813 1,662,835 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,691,960 $2,471,964 

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements. 
5
ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Class A common stockClass B common stockAdditional paid-in-capitalAccumulated other comprehensive lossRetained earningsTreasury stockDeferred compensationTotal shareholders' equity
Balance, December 31, 2023$1,992 $178 $16,466 $(13,400)$2,803,689 $(1,169,165)$23,075 $1,662,835 
Net income124,552 124,552 
Other comprehensive loss(1,830)(1,830)
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.275 per share
(58,891)(58,891)
Class B $191.25 per share
(486)(486)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)
0 0 0 
Deferred compensation(861)861 0 
Rabbi trust distribution (2)
709 (709)0 
Balance, March 31, 2024$1,992 $178 $16,466 $(15,230)$2,868,864 $(1,169,317)$23,227 $1,726,180 
Net income163,903 163,903 
Other comprehensive loss(1,893)(1,893)
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.275 per share
(58,891)(58,891)
Class B $191.25 per share
(486)(486)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)
0 0 0 
Deferred compensation(518)518 0 
Rabbi trust distribution (2)
1,538 (1,538)0 
Balance, June 30, 2024$1,992 $178 $16,466 $(17,123)$2,973,390 $(1,168,297)$22,207 $1,828,813 


Class A common stockClass B common stockAdditional paid-in-capitalAccumulated other comprehensive (loss) incomeRetained earningsTreasury stockDeferred compensationTotal shareholders' equity
Balance, December 31, 2022$1,992 $178 $16,481 $(7,414)$2,583,261 $(1,168,949)$22,859 $1,448,408 
Net income86,241 86,241 
Other comprehensive income7,752 7,752 
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.19 per share
(54,965)(54,965)
Class B $178.50 per share
(454)(454)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)
(15)0 (15)
Deferred compensation(822)822 0 
Rabbi trust distribution (2)
416 (416)0 
Balance, March 31, 2023$1,992 $178 $16,466 $338 $2,614,083 $(1,169,355)$23,265 $1,486,967 
Net income117,852 117,852 
Other comprehensive loss(4,488)(4,488)
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.19 per share
(54,965)(54,965)
Class B $178.50 per share
(454)(454)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)
0 0 0 
Deferred compensation(621)621 0 
Rabbi trust distribution (2)
1,596 (1,596)0 
Balance, June 30, 2023$1,992 $178 $16,466 $(4,150)$2,676,516 $(1,168,380)$22,290 $1,544,912 

(1)Net purchase of treasury stock includes the repurchase of our Class A common stock in the open market that were subsequently distributed to satisfy stock-based compensation awards.
(2)Distributions of our Class A shares were made from the rabbi trust to five incentive compensation deferral plan participants in 2024 and 2023.

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements.
6
ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Six months ended
June 30,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities
Management fee received$1,389,944 $1,162,575 
Administrative services reimbursements received373,908 359,332 
Service agreement revenue received12,989 12,788 
Net investment income received31,590 27,069 
Commissions paid to agents(681,345)(564,218)
Incentive compensation paid to agents(80,633)(106,003)
Salaries and wages paid(131,226)(123,501)
Pension contribution and employee benefits paid(70,588)(37,460)
General operating expenses paid(161,102)(151,975)
Administrative services expenses paid(385,036)(362,228)
Income taxes paid(79,881)(36,372)
Net cash provided by operating activities218,620 180,007 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of investments:
Available-for-sale securities(236,000)(123,767)
Equity securities(13,142)(18,690)
Other investments(7,000)(7)
Proceeds from investments:
Available-for-sale securities sales105,172 78,808 
Available-for-sale securities maturities/calls100,655 28,972 
Equity securities19,929 10,579 
Other investments0 271 
Purchase of fixed assets(50,488)(45,003)
Loans to agents and other(4,340)(4,150)
Collections on agent loans5,582 4,723 
Net cash used in investing activities(79,632)(68,264)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to shareholders(118,754)(110,837)
Net changes in cash collateral for securities lent6,345 0 
Net cash used in financing activities(112,409)(110,837)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash26,579 906 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of period144,055 142,090 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period$170,634 $142,996 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash transactions
Liability incurred to purchase fixed assets$11,163 $— 
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities$4,663 $3,757 

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements.
7
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
Note 1.  Nature of Operations
 
Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity", "we", "us", "our") is a publicly held Pennsylvania business corporation that has since its incorporation in 1925 served as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers (policyholders) at the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange").  The Exchange, which also commenced business in 1925, is a Pennsylvania-domiciled reciprocal insurer that writes property and casualty insurance.

Our primary function as attorney-in-fact is to perform policy issuance and renewal services on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. We also act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to all claims handling and investment management services, as well as the service provider for all claims handling, life insurance and investment management services for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, collectively referred to as "administrative services". Acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities is done in accordance with a subscriber's agreement (a limited power of attorney) executed individually by each subscriber (policyholder), which appoints Indemnity as each subscriber's attorney-in-fact to transact certain business on their behalf.  In accordance with the subscriber's agreement for acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange.

The policy issuance and renewal services we provide on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange are related to the sales, underwriting and issuance of policies. The sales related services we provide include agent compensation and certain sales and advertising support services. Agent compensation includes scheduled commissions to agents based upon premiums written as well as incentive compensation, which is earned by achieving targeted measures. The underwriting services we provide include underwriting and policy processing. The remaining services we provide include customer service and administrative support. We also provide information technology services that support all the functions listed above. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these policy issuance and renewal functions.

Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Claims handling services include costs incurred in the claims process, including the adjustment, investigation, defense, recording and payment functions. Life insurance management services include costs incurred in the management and processing of life insurance business. Investment management services are related to investment trading activity, accounting and all other functions attributable to the investment of funds. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these administrative functions. The subscriber's agreement and service agreements provide for reimbursement of amounts incurred for these services to Indemnity. Reimbursements are settled at cost. State insurance regulations require that intercompany service agreements and any material amendments be approved in advance by the state insurance department.

Our results of operations are tied to the growth and financial condition of the Exchange. If any events occurred that impaired the Exchange’s ability to grow or sustain its financial condition, including but not limited to reduced financial strength ratings, disruption in the independent agency relationships, significant catastrophe losses or products not meeting customer demands, the Exchange could find it more difficult to retain its existing business and attract new business. A decline in the business of the Exchange almost certainly could have as a consequence a decline in the total premiums paid and a correspondingly adverse effect on the amount of the management fees we receive. We also have an exposure to a concentration of credit risk related to the unsecured receivables due from the Exchange for net management fee and other reimbursements. See Note 12, "Concentrations of Credit Risk".











8
Note 2.  Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 26, 2024.

Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently issued accounting standards and disclosure rules
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported period of profit or loss, and requires entities with a single reporting segment to provide all disclosures required by Topic 280. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The update is required to be applied retrospectively to prior periods presented in the financial statements, based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose specific categories in an effective tax rate reconciliation, additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, and certain information about income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors", requiring registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports. The final rules include disclosure of climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on a registrant’s business, results of operations or financial condition. Disclosures related to significant effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions and amounts related to carbon offsets and renewable energy credits or certificates are required in the financial statements in certain circumstances. Disclosure requirements will phase in for fiscal years beginning in 2025 and be applied prospectively upon adoption. On April 4, 2024, the SEC determined to voluntarily stay the final rules pending ongoing litigation. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

Other assets
Other assets primarily include limited partnership investments, other loans receivable, held-to-maturity securities, operating lease assets and other long-term prepaid assets. Limited partnership investments are recorded using the equity method of accounting. Other loans receivable include loans issued to fund real estate development projects supporting revitalization efforts in our community. The loans are carried at unpaid principal balance, including any paid-in-kind interest capitalized as additional principal, if applicable, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. Any current portion of other loans receivable is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. The allowances are calculated using the estimated value of, and priority rights to, collateral in the event of default or external loss rates based on comparable losses, and considers current market conditions and forecasted information. Changes to the allowances are recognized in earnings as adjustments to net impairment recoveries (losses) or other income (expense) depending on the nature of the asset. Interest on other loans receivable and held-to-maturity securities is recorded primarily in investment income as earned.


9
Securities lending
Beginning in May 2024 we entered into securities lending transactions, managed by a third-party banking institution, whereby securities are loaned to unaffiliated financial institutions for short periods of time. The securities lending activity is accounted for as a secured borrowing and therefore the securities loaned, primarily fixed maturity securities, are carried as invested assets on our Statement of Financial Position, while the obligation to return the collateral is recorded as a current liability. The cash collateral received at the inception of the loan is reinvested and the related income is recognized in net investment income. Noncash collateral is not recorded in the Statements of Financial Position, as we do not have the right to sell, pledge, or otherwise reinvest the noncash collateral. Collateral received can only be accessed by us if the institution borrowing the securities is in default.

The collateral is required to equal a minimum of 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, and maintained at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. We monitor the ratio of the collateral held to the estimated fair value of the securities loaned on a daily basis and obtain additional collateral as necessary. A securities lending transaction may be terminated at any time by the borrower or the lender. If terminated, we would repay our securities lending obligations from the sale of reinvested collateral or the proceeds of sales from our investment portfolio, which includes liquid securities.
10
Note 3.  Revenue
 
The majority of our revenue is derived from the subscriber’s agreement between us and the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange. In accordance with the subscriber’s agreement, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage, not to exceed 25%, of all direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange. We allocate a portion of our management fee revenue, currently 25% of the direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange, between the two performance obligations we have under the subscriber’s agreement. The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, and the second is to act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange, as well as the service provider for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative services reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policyholders cancel their insurance coverage mid-term and premiums are refunded to them. The constraining estimate is determined using the expected value method, based on both historical and current information. The estimated transaction price, as reduced by the constraint, reflects consideration expected for performance of our services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price.

The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services that result in executed insurance policies between the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries and the subscriber (policyholder). The subscriber (policyholder) receives economic benefits when substantially all the policy issuance or renewal services are complete and an insurance policy is issued or renewed by the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries. It is at the time of policy issuance or renewal that the allocated portion of revenue is recognized.

Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Collectively, these services represent a second performance obligation under the subscriber’s agreement and the service agreements. The revenue allocated to this performance obligation is recognized over a four-year period representing the time over which these services are provided. The portion of revenue not yet earned is recorded as a contract liability in the Statements of Financial Position. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized revenue of $11.9 million and $26.9 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2023. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized revenue of $10.5 million and $23.8 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2022. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.

Indemnity records a receivable from the Exchange for management fee revenue when the premium is written or assumed from affiliates by the Exchange. Indemnity collects the management fee from the Exchange when the Exchange collects the premiums from the subscribers (policyholders). As the Exchange issues policies with annual terms only, cash collections generally occur within one year.


The following table disaggregates revenue by our two performance obligations:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services$760,886 $633,339 $1,426,572 $1,191,429 
Management fee revenue - administrative services17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825 
Administrative services reimbursement revenue206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293 
Total revenue from administrative services$223,079 $200,102 $431,580 $388,118 
11
Note 4.  Earnings Per Share
 
Class A and Class B basic earnings per share and Class B diluted earnings per share are calculated under the two-class method. The two-class method allocates earnings to each class of stock based upon its dividend rights.  Class B shares are convertible into Class A shares at a conversion ratio of 2,400 to 1. See Note 10, "Capital Stock".

Class A diluted earnings per share is calculated under the if-converted method, which reflects the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares. Diluted earnings per share calculations include the dilutive effect of assumed issuance of stock-based awards under compensation plans that have the option to be paid in stock using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted per-share computations is presented as follows for each class of common stock: 
Three months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$162,561 46,189,042 $3.52 $116,887 46,189,026 $2.53 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 15,457 — 0 10,148 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares1,342 6,100,800 — 965 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$163,903 52,305,299 $3.13 $117,852 52,299,974 $2.25 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Six months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$286,093 46,189,028 $6.19 $202,422 46,188,923 $4.38 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 13,723 — 0 8,575 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares2,362 6,100,800 — 1,671 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$288,455 52,303,551 $5.52 $204,093 52,298,298 $3.90 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,362 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,361 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 

12
Note 5. Fair Value
 
Financial instruments carried at fair value
Our available-for-sale and equity securities are recorded at fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between willing market participants as of the measurement date.
 
Valuation techniques used to derive the fair value of our available-for-sale and equity securities are based upon observable and unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources.  Unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions regarding fair market value for these securities.  Financial instruments are categorized based upon the following characteristics or inputs to the valuation techniques:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
 
Estimates of fair values for our investment portfolio are obtained primarily from a nationally recognized pricing service.  Our Level 1 securities are valued using an exchange traded price provided by the pricing service. Pricing service valuations for Level 2 securities include multiple verifiable, observable inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.  Pricing service valuations for Level 3 securities are based upon proprietary models and are used when observable inputs are not available or in illiquid markets.
 
Although virtually all of our prices are obtained from third party sources, we also perform internal pricing reviews, including evaluating the methodology and inputs used to ensure that we determine the proper classification level of the financial instrument and reviewing securities with price changes that vary significantly from current market conditions or independent price sources.  Price variances are investigated and corroborated by market data and transaction volumes. We have reviewed the pricing methodologies of our pricing service as well as other observable inputs and believe that the prices adequately consider market activity in determining fair value. 

In limited circumstances we adjust the price received from the pricing service when, in our judgment, a better reflection of fair value is available based upon corroborating information and our knowledge and monitoring of market conditions such as a disparity in price of comparable securities and/or non-binding broker quotes.  In other circumstances, certain securities are internally priced because prices are not provided by the pricing service.
 
When a price from the pricing service is not available, values are determined by obtaining broker/dealer quotes and/or market comparables. When available, we obtain multiple quotes for the same security. The ultimate value for these securities is determined based upon our best estimate of fair value using corroborating market information. As of June 30, 2024, nearly all of our available-for-sale and equity securities were priced using a third party pricing service.


13
The following tables present our fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input as of: 
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$612,049 $0 $603,506 $8,543 
Collateralized debt obligations111,857 0 111,857 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities123,013 0 97,793 25,220 
Residential mortgage-backed securities127,991 0 127,991 0 
Other debt securities24,449 0 24,449 0 
U.S. Treasury1,025 0 1,025 0 
Total available-for-sale securities1,000,384 0 966,621 33,763 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector65,321 1,537 58,350 5,434 
Utilities sector5,543 0 5,543 0 
Energy sector3,689 0 3,689 0 
Consumer sector3,885 0 2,321 1,564 
Technology sector1,500 0 0 1,500 
Industrial sector190 0 190 0 
Total equity securities80,128 1,537 70,093 8,498 
Total$1,080,512 $1,537 $1,036,714 $42,261 
(1)This includes $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$588,688 $0 $584,182 $4,506 
Collateralized debt obligations112,468 0 112,468 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities102,720 0 91,726 10,994 
Residential mortgage-backed securities140,055 0 138,521 1,534 
Other debt securities17,310 0 17,310 0 
Total available-for-sale securities961,241 0 944,207 17,034 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector69,900 816 63,750 5,334 
Utilities sector5,810 0 5,810 0 
Energy sector3,901 0 3,901 0 
Consumer sector3,915 0 2,415 1,500 
Technology sector500 0 0 500 
Industrial sector180 0 180 0 
Communications sector47 47 0 0 
Total equity securities84,253 863 76,056 7,334 
Total$1,045,494 $863 $1,020,263 $24,368 
14
We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Transfers between hierarchy levels may occur due to changes in available market observable inputs.

Level 3 Assets – 2024 Quarterly Change:

(in thousands) 		Beginning balance at March 31, 2024
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:        
Corporate debt securities$3,908 $22 $(20)$4,496 $(521)$2,202 $(1,544)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 14,577 (415)125 210 (5)11,643 (915)25,220 
Total available-for-sale securities18,485 (393)105 4,706 (526)13,845 (2,459)33,763 
Equity securities7,968 61 — 1,019 (84)520 (986)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$26,453 $(332)$105 $5,725 $(610)$14,365 $(3,445)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2024 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,506 $25 $21 $4,839 $(823)$3,824 $(3,849)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,994 (669)219 1,805 (5)17,648 (4,772)25,220 
Residential mortgage- backed securities1,534 (5)(24)0 (40)0 (1,465)0 
Total available-for-sale securities17,034 (649)216 6,644 (868)21,472 (10,086)33,763 
Equity securities7,334 147 — 2,019 (84)544 (1,462)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$24,368 $(502)$216 $8,663 $(952)$22,016 $(11,548)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2023 Quarterly Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at March 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,503 $14 $37 $779 $(100)$1,655 $(1,765)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities6,415 (169)(117)866 (185)329 (606)6,533 
Residential mortgage- backed securities33 0 0 0 (21)0 0 12 
Total available-for-sale securities10,951 (155)(80)1,645 (306)1,984 (2,371)11,668 
Equity securities4,699 31 — 0 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$15,650 $(124)$(80)$1,645 $(306)$1,984 $(2,371)$16,398 











15
Level 3 Assets – 2023 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2022
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$3,686 $(14)$122 $1,532 $(745)$3,153 $(2,611)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,910 (360)100 1,455 (185)466 (5,853)6,533 
Residential mortgage-backed securities4,184 (5)96 0 (108)33 (4,188)12 
Total available-for-sale securities18,780 (379)318 2,987 (1,038)3,652 (12,652)11,668 
Equity securities3,779 (7)— 958 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$22,559 $(386)$318 $3,945 $(1,038)$3,652 $(12,652)$16,398 
(1)These amounts are reported as net investment income and net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) for each of the periods presented above.
(2)Transfers into and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.


Financial instruments not carried at fair value
The following table presents the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy that are recorded at carrying value as of:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Carrying valueFair valueCarrying valueFair value
Agent loans, net $66,280 $60,361 $67,787 $66,445 
Other loans receivable, net (1)
10,968 10,968 10,713 10,713 
Held-to-maturity securities, net (2)
4,833 4,833 — — 
(1)    The current and long-term portions of other loans receivable are included in the line items "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "Other assets, net", respectively, in the Statements of Financial Position.
(2)    Held-to-maturity securities are included in the line item "Other assets, net" in the Statement of Financial Position.

16
Note 6.  Investments
 
Fixed maturity securities
See Note 5, "Fair Value" for additional fair value disclosures. The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value, net of credit loss allowance, of our fixed maturity securities as of:
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$621,229 $3,560 $12,740 $612,049 
Collateralized debt obligations112,450 273 866 111,857 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities126,163 986 4,136 123,013 
Residential mortgage-backed securities144,923 58 16,990 127,991 
Other debt securities24,885 180 616 24,449 
U.S. Treasury1,043 0 18 1,025 
Total available-for-sale securities, net1,030,693 5,057 35,366 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - states & political subdivisions4,833 0 0 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $5,057 $35,366 $1,005,217 
(1)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$600,639 $4,594 $16,545 $588,688 
Collateralized debt obligations114,400 156 2,088 112,468 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities106,019 1,410 4,709 102,720 
Residential mortgage-backed securities153,633 69 13,647 140,055 
Other debt securities17,862 136 688 17,310 
Total available-for-sale securities, net$992,553 $6,365 $37,677 $961,241 


The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2024 are shown below by remaining contractual term to maturity.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

June 30, 2024
AmortizedEstimated
(in thousands)costfair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in one year or less$47,471 $46,768 
Due after one year through five years441,071 433,520 
Due after five years through ten years189,349 188,453 
Due after ten years352,802 331,643 
Total available-for-sale securities, net (1) (2)
1,030,693 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years4,833 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $1,005,217 
(1)The contractual maturities of our available-for-sale securities are included in the table. However, given our intent to sell certain impaired securities, these securities are classified as current assets in our Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2024.
(2)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.
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The below securities have been evaluated for credit impairment using criteria described within Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Financial Statements" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. The gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and are not deemed to be credit-related. We do not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that we would not be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The following tables present available-for-sale securities based on length of time in a gross unrealized loss position as of:
June 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$119,642 $909 $256,352 $11,831 $375,994 $12,740 611 
Collateralized debt obligations32,909 64 30,379 802 63,288 866 116 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities33,653 316 29,248 3,820 62,901 4,136 153 
Residential mortgage-backed securities12,704 308 112,051 16,682 124,755 16,990 166 
Other debt securities6,055 97 6,659 519 12,714 616 37 
U.S. Treasury1,025 18 0 0 1,025 18 1 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$185,665 $1,371 $399,444 $30,785 $585,109 $32,156 691 
Non-investment grade20,323 341 35,245 2,869 55,568 3,210 393 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 


December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$50,853 $546 $338,322 $15,999 $389,175 $16,545 590 
Collateralized debt obligations3,911 15 87,005 2,073 90,916 2,088 142 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities9,148 157 30,145 4,552 39,293 4,709 108 
Residential mortgage-backed securities30,271 297 101,761 13,350 132,032 13,647 164 
Other debt securities2,084 62 7,475 626 9,559 688 32 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$87,774 $807 $517,090 $32,511 $604,864 $33,318 651 
Non-investment grade8,493 270 47,618 4,089 56,111 4,359 385 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 




















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Credit loss allowances
The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities and financing receivables:
Three months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$575 $2,167 $11,253 $957 
Provision and recoveries79 0 185 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs(151)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$597 $0 $11,081 $957 
   Provision and recoveries243 2,167 357 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(337)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$348 $— $3,709 $957 
Provision and recoveries22 — 27 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs0 — 0 0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$249 $— $3,775 $957 
   Provision and recoveries223 — 59 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(102)— (98)0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 


Net investment income
Investment income (loss), net of expenses, was generated from the following portfolios:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities$12,107 $10,534 $23,720 $20,367 
Equity securities1,199 1,084 2,417 2,099 
Limited partnerships (1)
(264)40 261 (10,712)
Cash equivalents and other3,389 1,922 6,337 4,027 
Total investment income16,431 13,580 32,735 15,781 
Less: investment expenses421 45 822 63 
Net investment income$16,010 $13,535 $31,913 $15,718 
(1)Limited partnership (losses) income include both realized gains (losses) and unrealized valuation changes. Our limited partnership investments are included in the line item "Other assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. We have made no new significant limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.



19
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:  
Gross realized gains$417 $100 $687 $306 
Gross realized losses(2,792)(2,196)(3,324)(4,021)
Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities(2,375)(2,096)(2,637)(3,715)
Equity securities580 359 2,695 (3,304)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains$(1,795)$(1,737)$58 $(7,019)


The portion of net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period related to equity securities held at the reporting date is calculated as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Equity securities:
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period$580 $359 $2,695 $(3,304)
Less: net gains (losses) recognized on securities sold116 (78)330 (2,704)
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities held at reporting date$464 $437 $2,365 $(600)


Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
Impairments on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:
Intent to sell$(124)$(149)$(298)$(1,581)
Credit impaired(79)(22)(243)(223)
Total available-for-sale securities(203)(171)(541)(1,804)
Expected credit losses:
Held-to-maturity securities0 — (2,167)— 
Other loans receivable(185)0 (357)0 
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings$(388)$(171)$(3,065)$(1,804)


Securities lending transactions
As of June 30, 2024, the fair value of loaned securities, comprised of corporate debt securities, was $6.1 million and the related cash collateral received was $6.3 million, which was reinvested in cash equivalents and is included with "Cash and cash equivalents" in our Statement of Financial Position. There was no collateral that we are not permitted to sell or repledge and there are no securities lending transactions that extend beyond one year from the reporting date.

If we have to return cash collateral on short notice, we may have difficulty selling investments in a timely manner, be forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize, or both. In addition, in the event of such forced sale, for securities in an unrealized loss position, realized losses would be incurred on securities sold and impairments would be incurred, if there is a need to sell securities prior to recovery, which may negatively impact our financial condition.


20
Note 7.  Bank Line of Credit
 
We have access to a $100 million bank revolving line of credit with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit that expires on October 29, 2026. As of June 30, 2024, a total of $99.2 million remains available under the facility due to $0.8 million outstanding letters of credit, which reduce the availability for letters of credit to $24.2 million. We had no borrowings outstanding on our line of credit as of June 30, 2024. Investments with a fair value of $117.0 million were pledged as collateral on the line of credit at June 30, 2024. These investments have no trading restrictions and are reported as available-for-sale securities and cash and cash equivalents on our Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2024. The bank requires compliance with certain covenants, which include leverage ratios and debt restrictions.  We are in compliance with all covenants at June 30, 2024.


Note 8.  Postretirement Benefits
 
Pension plans
Our pension plans consist of a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees and an unfunded supplemental employee retirement plan ("SERP") for certain members of executive and senior management. The pension plan provides benefits to covered individuals satisfying certain age and service requirements. The defined benefit pension plan and SERP each provide benefits through a final average earnings formula.

Although we are the sponsor of these postretirement plans and record the funded status of these plans, there are reimbursements between us and the Exchange and its subsidiaries for their allocated share of pension income or cost. These reimbursements represent pension benefits for employees performing administrative services and an allocated share of plan (income) cost for employees in departments that support the administrative functions. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we reimbursed the Exchange and its subsidiaries for approximately 60% of the annual defined benefit pension income and 34% of the annual SERP income. For our funded pension plan, amounts are settled in cash for the portion of pension (income) cost allocated to the Exchange and its subsidiaries. For our unfunded SERP, we pay the obligations when due and amounts are settled in cash between entities when there is a payout.

Our defined benefit pension plan funding policy is generally to contribute an amount equal to the greater of the target normal cost for the plan year, or the amount necessary to fund the plan to 100%. Accordingly, we made a $33 million contribution in January 2024. The funded pension plan net benefit asset is presented separately from the unfunded plan as a non-current asset on our Statements of Financial Position.

Pension plan income includes the following components:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Service cost for benefits earned$8,641 $7,191 $17,292 $14,382 
Interest cost on benefit obligation13,163 12,548 26,308 25,096 
Expected return on plan assets(20,198)(17,217)(40,396)(34,435)
Prior service cost amortization397 361 786 723 
Net actuarial gain amortization(1,734)(3,832)(3,485)(7,665)
Settlement gain (1)
(1,030)— (1,279)— 
Pension plan income (2)
$(761)$(949)$(774)$(1,899)
(1)Settlement accounting was required due to lump sum payments made under the SERP to three former officers in 2024.
(2)Pension plan income represents total plan income before reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries. The components of pension plan income other than the service cost components are included in the line item "Other income" in the Statements of Operations, net of reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries.


21
Note 9.  Income Taxes
 
Income tax expense is provided on an interim basis based upon our estimate of the annual effective income tax rate, adjusted each quarter for discrete items. Our effective tax rate was 20.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 21.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

Note 10.  Capital Stock
 
Class A and B common stock
Holders of Class B shares may, at their option, convert their shares into Class A shares at the rate of 2,400 Class A shares per Class B share.  There were no shares of Class B common stock converted into Class A common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. There is no provision for conversion of Class A shares into Class B shares, and Class B shares surrendered for conversion cannot be reissued.

Stock repurchases
In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program of $150 million, with no time limitation.  There were no shares repurchased under this program during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. We had approximately $17.8 million of repurchase authority remaining under this program at June 30, 2024.


22
Note 11.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss) by component, including amounts reclassified to other comprehensive income ("OCI") (loss) and the related line item in the Statements of Operations where net income is presented, are as follows:
Three months endedThree months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(32,356)$(6,795)$(25,561)$(53,287)$(11,190)$(42,097)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(627)(132)(495)(4,477)(940)(3,537)
Realized investment losses2,375 499 1,876 2,096 440 1,656 
Impairment losses203 43 160 171 36 135 
OCI (loss)1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$13,077 $2,746 $10,331 $53,715 $11,280 $42,435 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs397 83 314 361 76 285 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(1,734)(364)(1,370)(3,832)(805)(3,027)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(19,279)$(4,049)$(15,230)$428 $90 $338 
Investment securities1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
Pension and other postretirement plans(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
OCI (loss)(2,396)(503)(1,893)(5,681)(1,193)(4,488)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
Six months endedSix months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(31,402)$(6,595)$(24,807)$(66,571)$(13,980)$(52,591)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(2,181)(458)(1,723)5,555 1,167 4,388 
Realized investment losses2,637 554 2,083 3,715 780 2,935 
Impairment losses541 114 427 1,804 379 1,425 
OCI997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$14,439 $3,032 $11,407 $57,186 $12,009 $45,177 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs786 165 621 723 152 571 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(3,485)(732)(2,753)(7,665)(1,610)(6,055)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(16,963)$(3,563)$(13,400)$(9,385)$(1,971)$(7,414)
Investment securities997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
Pension and other postretirement plans(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
OCI (loss)(4,712)(989)(3,723)4,132 868 3,264 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
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Note 12. Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments could potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk, including our unsecured receivables from the Exchange. The majority of our revenue and receivables are from the Exchange and its affiliates. See also Note 1, "Nature of Operations". Net management fee amounts and other reimbursements due from the Exchange and its affiliates were $708.2 million and $625.3 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which includes a current expected credit loss allowance of $0.6 million in both periods.


Note 13.  Commitments and Contingencies
 
We have an agreement with a bank for an agent loan participation program. The maximum amount of loans to be funded through this program is $150 million. We have committed to fund a minimum of 30% of each loan executed through this program. As of June 30, 2024, outstanding loans executed under this agreement totaled $55.9 million, of which our portion of the loans is $18.8 million. Additionally, we have agreed to guarantee a portion of the funding provided by the other participants in the program in the event of default. As of June 30, 2024, our maximum potential amount of future payments on the guaranteed portion is $7.5 million. All loan payments under the participation program are current as of June 30, 2024.

We also have contingent obligations for guarantees related to certain real estate development projects supporting revitalization efforts in our community. As of June 30, 2024, our maximum potential obligation related to guarantees is $9.3 million.

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of conducting business.  In accordance with current accounting standards for loss contingencies and based upon information currently known to us, we establish reserves for litigation when it is probable that a loss associated with a claim or proceeding has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  When no amount within the range of loss is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount of the estimable loss.  To the extent that such litigation against us may have an exposure to a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued, we believe that such excess would not be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  Legal fees are expensed as incurred.  We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We review all litigation on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions.  For certain legal proceedings, we cannot reasonably estimate losses or a range of loss, if any, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where the plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages.  Various factors, including, but not limited to, the outcome of potentially lengthy discovery and the resolution of important factual questions, may need to be determined before probability can be established or before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter will continue to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable.  In the event that a legal proceeding results in a substantial judgment against, or settlement by, us, there can be no assurance that any resulting liability or financial commitment would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


Note 14.  Subsequent Events
 
No items were identified in this period subsequent to the financial statement date that required adjustment or additional disclosure.
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ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion of financial condition and results of operations highlights significant factors influencing Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity", "we", "us", "our").  This discussion should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2023, as contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.
 
 
INDEX
 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
 
"Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:
Statements contained herein that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements and, as such, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ, perhaps materially, from those discussed herein.  Forward-looking statements relate to future trends, events or results and include, without limitation, statements and assumptions on which such statements are based that are related to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and adequacy of resources.  Examples of forward-looking statements are discussions relating to premium and investment income, expenses, operating results and compliance with contractual and regulatory requirements.  Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict.  Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements.  Among the risks and uncertainties, in addition to those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause actual results and future events to differ from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements include the following:
•dependence upon our relationship with the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange") and the management fee under the agreement with the subscribers at the Exchange;
•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the growth of the Exchange, including:
◦general business and economic conditions;
◦factors affecting insurance industry competition, including technological innovations;
◦dependence upon the independent agency system; and
◦ability to maintain our brand, including our reputation for customer service;
•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the financial condition of the Exchange, including:
◦the Exchange's ability to maintain acceptable financial strength ratings;
◦factors affecting the quality and liquidity of the Exchange's investment portfolio;
◦changes in government regulation of the insurance industry;
◦litigation and regulatory actions;
◦emergence of significant unexpected events, including pandemics and economic or social inflation;
◦emerging claims and coverage issues in the industry; and
◦severe weather conditions or other catastrophic losses, including terrorism;
•costs of providing policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers at the Exchange under the subscriber's agreement;
•ability to attract and retain talented management and employees;
•ability to ensure system availability and effectively manage technology initiatives;
•difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyber attacks;
•ability to maintain uninterrupted business operations;
•compliance with complex and evolving laws and regulations and outcome of pending and potential litigation;
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•factors affecting the quality and liquidity of our investment portfolio; and
•ability to meet liquidity needs and access capital.

A forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and reflects our analysis only as of that date.  We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise.


RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND DISCLOSURE RULES
 
See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards and disclosure rules, and the impact on our financial statements if known.


OPERATING OVERVIEW
 
Overview
We serve as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, a reciprocal insurer that writes property and casualty insurance. Our primary function as attorney-in-fact is to perform policy issuance and renewal services on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. We also act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange, as well as the service provider for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The Exchange is a reciprocal insurance exchange, which is an unincorporated association of individuals, partnerships and corporations that agree to insure one another. Each applicant for insurance (a subscriber) to the Exchange signs a subscriber's agreement, which contains an appointment of Indemnity as their attorney-in-fact to transact the business of the Exchange on their behalf. In accordance with the subscriber’s agreement for acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange.

Our earnings are primarily driven by the management fee revenue generated for the services we provide on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. The policy issuance and renewal services we provide are related to the sales, underwriting and issuance of policies. The sales related services we provide include agent compensation and certain sales and advertising support services. Agent compensation includes scheduled commissions to agents based upon premiums written as well as incentive compensation, which is earned by achieving targeted measures. Agent compensation generally comprises approximately two-thirds of our policy issuance and renewal expenses. The underwriting services we provide include underwriting and policy processing. The remaining services we provide include customer service and administrative support. We also provide information technology services that support all the functions listed above. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these policy issuance and renewal functions.

Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Claims handling services include costs incurred in the claims process, including the adjustment, investigation, defense, recording and payment functions. Life insurance management services include costs incurred in the management and processing of life insurance business. Investment management services are related to investment trading activity, accounting and all other functions attributable to the investment of funds. In 2023, approximately 71% of the administrative services expenses were entirely attributable to the respective administrative functions (claims handling, life insurance management and investment management), while the remaining 29% of these expenses were allocations of costs for departments that support these administrative functions. The expenses we incur and related reimbursements we receive for administrative services are presented gross in our Statements of Operations. The subscriber's agreement and service agreements provide for reimbursement of amounts incurred for these services to Indemnity. Reimbursements are settled at cost on a monthly basis. State insurance regulations require that intercompany service agreements and any material amendments be approved in advance by the state insurance department.

Our results of operations are tied to the growth and financial condition of the Exchange as the Exchange is our sole customer, and our earnings are largely generated from management fees based on the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange. The Exchange generates revenue by insuring preferred and standard risks, with personal lines comprising 70% of the 2023 direct and affiliated assumed written premiums and commercial lines comprising the remaining 30%.  The principal
26
personal lines products are private passenger automobile and homeowners.  The principal commercial lines products are commercial multi-peril, commercial automobile and workers compensation.

Financial Overview
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)20242023% Change20242023% Change
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Operating income$190,208 $134,158 41.8 %$329,020 $244,701 34.5 %
Total investment income13,827 11,627 18.9 28,906 6,895 NM
Other income3,292 3,305 (0.4)6,703 6,642 0.9 
Income before income taxes207,327 149,090 39.1 364,629 258,238 41.2 
Income tax expense43,424 31,238 39.0 76,174 54,145 40.7 
Net income$163,903 $117,852 39.1 %$288,455 $204,093 41.3 %
Net income per share – diluted$3.13 $2.25 39.1 %$5.52 $3.90 41.3 %
NM = not meaningful


Operating income increased in both the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, as growth in operating revenue outpaced the growth in operating expenses. Management fee revenue for policy issuance and renewal services increased 20.1% to $760.9 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 19.7% to $1.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Management fee revenue is based upon the management fee rate we charge and the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange. The management fee rate was 25% for both 2024 and 2023. The direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange increased 20.0% to $3.1 billion in the second quarter of 2024 and 19.5% to $5.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023.

Cost of operations for policy issuance and renewal services increased 14.0% to $594.2 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 15.6% to $1.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to higher scheduled commissions driven by direct and affiliated assumed written premium growth, as well as increased agent incentive compensation and survey and underwriting report costs, partially offset by decreased professional fees. The increase in cost of operations for policy issuance and renewal services for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was also impacted by increased personnel costs.

Management fee revenue for administrative services increased 9.0% to $17.1 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 10.3% to $34.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The administrative services reimbursement revenue and corresponding cost of operations increased both total operating revenue and total operating expenses by $206.0 million in the second quarter of 2024 and $397.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, but had no net impact on operating income.

Total investment income increased $2.2 million in the second quarter of 2024 and $22.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to an increase in net investment income. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was also driven by net realized and unrealized investment gains compared to net losses in 2023.

General Conditions and Trends Affecting Our Business
Economic conditions
Unfavorable changes in economic conditions, including declining consumer confidence, inflation, high unemployment and the threat of recession, among others, may lead the Exchange’s customers to modify coverage, not renew policies or even cancel policies, which could adversely affect the premium revenue of the Exchange, and consequently our management fee revenue.  Elevated inflation or supply chain disruptions could impact the Exchange's operations and our management fees. In particular, unanticipated increased inflation costs including medical cost inflation, building material cost inflation, auto repair and replacement cost inflation and social inflation may impact adequacy of estimated loss reserves and future premium rates of the Exchange. If any of these items impacted the financial condition or operations of the Exchange, it could have an impact on our financial results. See Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources contained within this report, as well as Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024 for a discussion of the potential impacts to our operations or those of the Exchange.



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Financial market volatility
Our portfolio of fixed maturity and equity security investments is subject to market volatility, especially in periods of instability in the worldwide financial markets. Over time, net investment income is impacted by the general level of interest rates, which impact reinvested cash flow from the portfolio and business operations. Depending upon market conditions, considerable fluctuation could occur in the fair value of our investment portfolio and reported total investment income, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Various ongoing geopolitical events, the uncertain inflationary environment and a potential economic slowdown could have a significant impact on the global financial markets with the potential for future losses and/or impairments on our investment portfolio.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Management fee revenue
We have two performance obligations in the subscriber’s agreement, providing policy issuance and renewal services and acting as attorney-in-fact for the subscribers at the Exchange, as well as the service provider for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries with respect to all administrative services. We retain a management fees for acting as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers at the Exchange in these two capacities, and allocate our revenues between our performance obligations.

The management fee is calculated by multiplying all direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange by the management fee rate, which is determined by our Board of Directors at least annually.  The management fee rate was set at 25% for both 2024 and 2023.  Changes in the management fee rate can affect our revenue and net income significantly. The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative services reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price. Our current transaction price allocation review resulted in a minor change in the allocation between the two performance obligations in 2024 compared to prior years, which did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

The following table presents the allocation and disaggregation of revenue for our two performance obligations:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)20242023% Change20242023% Change
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Policy issuance and renewal services
Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange
$3,135,186 $2,613,131 20.0 %$5,876,206 $4,916,999 19.5 %
Management fee rate24.40 %24.30 %24.40 %24.30 %
Management fee revenue764,985 634,991 20.5 1,433,794 1,194,831 20.0 
Change in estimate for management fee returned on cancelled policies (1)
(4,099)(1,652)NM(7,222)(3,402)NM
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services$760,886 $633,339 20.1 %$1,426,572 $1,191,429 19.7 %
Administrative services
Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange
$3,135,186 $2,613,131 20.0 %$5,876,206 $4,916,999 19.5 %
Management fee rate0.60 %0.70 %0.60 %0.70 %
Management fee revenue18,811 18,292 2.8 35,257 34,419 2.4 
Change in contract liability (2)
(1,747)(2,646)34.0 (1,249)(3,579)65.1 
Change in estimate for management fee returned on cancelled policies (1)
(13)(10)(31.8)(23)(15)(54.9)
Management fee revenue - administrative services17,051 15,636 9.0 33,985 30,825 10.3 
Administrative services reimbursement revenue
206,028 184,466 11.7 397,595 357,293 11.3 
Total revenue from administrative services
$223,079 $200,102 11.5 %$431,580 $388,118 11.2 %
NM = not meaningful

(1)A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policies are cancelled mid-term and unearned premiums are refunded. 
(2)Management fee revenue - administrative services is recognized over time as the services are provided. See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 3, Revenue, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report.





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Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange
Direct and affiliated assumed premiums include premiums written directly by the Exchange and premiums assumed from its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries. Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange increased 20.0% to $3.1 billion in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, primarily driven by increased personal lines and commercial multi-peril premiums written.  Year-over-year policies in force for all lines of business increased 6.8% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to 5.2% in the second quarter of 2023.  The year-over-year average premium per policy for all lines of business increased 11.9% at June 30, 2024 compared to 7.6% at June 30, 2023.

Premiums generated from new business increased 23.0% to $475 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by increased premiums written in the commercial multi-peril, homeowners and personal auto lines. Contributing to this change was a 3.6% increase in new business policies written and a 16.0% increase in year-over-year average premium per policy on new business at June 30, 2024. Premiums generated from new business increased 32.6% to $386 million in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by increased premiums written in the personal auto, commercial multi-peril and homeowners lines. Contributing to this change was a 19.0% increase in new business policies written and a 10.9% increase in year-over-year average premium per policy on new business at June 30, 2023.

Premiums generated from renewal business increased 19.4% to $2.7 billion in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 and increased 13.8% to $2.2 billion in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022.  Underlying the trend in renewal business premiums in both periods was an 11.1% increase in year-over-year average premium per policy at June 30, 2024, and 7.1% at June 30, 2023, as well as an increase in year-over-year policies in force of 5.5% and 3.7% in the second quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively, driven by an increase in the policy retention ratios.

Personal lines – Total personal lines premiums written increased 22.2% to $2.2 billion in the second quarter of 2024, compared to 17.4% in the second quarter of 2023, driven by a 13.7% increase in total personal lines year-over-year average premium per policy and a 7.1% increase in total personal lines policies in force.

Commercial lines – Total commercial lines premiums written increased 14.7% to $889 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to 13.6% in the second quarter of 2023, driven by a 9.0% increase in total commercial lines year-over-year average premium per policy and a 4.9% increase in total commercial lines policies in force.

Future trends-premium revenue – Through a careful agency selection and monitoring process, the Exchange plans to continue efforts to utilize its agency force to increase market penetration in existing operating territories to contribute to future growth.

Changes in premium levels attributable to the growth in policies in force and rate changes affect the profitability of the Exchange and have a direct bearing on our management fee revenue. Future premiums could be impacted by potential changes in regulation and inflationary trends, among others. The Exchange's pricing actions taken in 2023 have contributed to its increased average premium per policy in the second quarter of 2024. See also Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.



















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Policy issuance and renewal services
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)20242023% Change20242023% Change
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services$760,886$633,33920.1 %$1,426,572$1,191,42919.7 %
Service agreement revenue6,4736,4290.7 12,98712,7881.6 
767,359639,76819.9 1,439,5591,204,21719.5 
Cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services594,202521,24614.0 1,144,524990,34115.6 
Operating income - policy issuance and renewal services$173,157$118,52246.1 %$295,035$213,87637.9 %


Policy issuance and renewal services
The management fee revenue allocated for providing policy issuance and renewal services was 24.40% and 24.30% of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  This portion of the management fee is recognized as revenue when the policy is issued or renewed because it is at that time that the services we provide are substantially complete and the executed insurance policy is transferred to the customer.  The increase in management fee revenue for policy issuance and renewal services was driven by the increase in the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange discussed previously.

Service agreement revenue
Service agreement revenue primarily consists of service charges we collect from subscribers/policyholders for providing multiple payment plans on policies written by the Exchange and its property and casualty subsidiaries and also includes late payment and policy reinstatement fees.  The service charges are fixed dollar amounts per billed installment.  Service agreement revenue also includes fees received from the Exchange for the use of shared office space. The increase in service agreement revenue for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 is primarily due to an increase in shared office space revenue.

Cost of policy issuance and renewal services
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)20242023% Change20242023% Change
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Commissions:
Total commissions$419,951$351,14419.6 %$795,711$659,95220.6 %
Non-commission expense:
Underwriting and policy processing$50,733$46,5149.1 %$98,901$90,2379.6 %
Information technology50,59954,414(7.0)104,089111,609(6.7)
Sales and advertising16,95416,0415.7 34,16128,92818.1 
Customer service10,3468,33824.1 20,42616,42324.4 
Administrative and other45,61944,7951.8 91,23683,1929.7 
Total non-commission expense174,251170,1022.4 348,813330,3895.6 
Total cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services$594,202$521,24614.0 %$1,144,524$990,34115.6 %


Commissions – Commissions increased $68.8 million in the second quarter of 2024 and $135.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily driven by the growth in direct and affiliated assumed written premium and, to a lesser extent, an increase in agent incentive compensation related to profitable growth. The estimated agent incentive payouts at June 30, 2024 are based on actual underwriting results for the two prior years and current year-to-date actual results and forecasted results for the remainder of 2024.

Non-commission expense – Non-commission expense increased $4.1 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. Underwriting and policy processing expense increased $4.2 million primarily due to increased underwriting report and personnel costs. Information technology costs decreased $3.8 million primarily due to a decrease in professional fees and personnel costs. Customer service costs increased $2.0 million primarily due to increased personnel costs and credit card processing fees.
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Non-commission expense increased $18.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. Underwriting and policy processing expense increased $8.7 million primarily due to increased underwriting report and personnel costs. Information technology costs decreased $7.5 million primarily due to a decrease in professional fees and personnel costs largely driven by an increase in capitalized labor costs related to technology initiatives. Sales and advertising expense increased $5.2 million primarily due to increased agent-related and advertising costs. Customer service costs increased $4.0 million primarily due to increased personnel costs and credit card processing fees. Administrative and other costs increased $8.0 million primarily due to increased personnel costs, charitable contributions and professional fees.

Administrative services
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)20242023% Change20242023% Change
(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Management fee revenue - administrative services$17,051$15,6369.0 %$33,985$30,82510.3 %
Administrative services reimbursement revenue
206,028184,46611.7 397,595357,29311.3 
Total revenue allocated to administrative services
223,079200,10211.5 431,580388,11811.2 
Administrative services expenses
Claims handling services
164,324159,5953.0 332,287307,7958.0 
Investment management services
9,0528,4736.8 17,64517,2182.5 
Life management services
32,65216,39899.1 47,66332,28047.7 
Operating income - administrative services
$17,051$15,6369.0 %$33,985$30,82510.3 %

Administrative services
The management fee revenue allocated to administrative services was 0.60% and 0.70% of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This portion of the management fee is recognized as revenue over a four-year period representing the time over which the services are provided. We also report reimbursed costs as revenues, which are recognized monthly as services are provided. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.

Cost of administrative services
Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. The subscriber's agreement and service agreements provide for reimbursement of amounts incurred for these services to Indemnity. Reimbursements due from the Exchange and its insurance subsidiaries are recorded as a receivable and settled at cost.
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Total investment income
A summary of the results of our investment operations is as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
20242023% Change20242023% Change
(dollars in thousands)(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Net investment income$16,010 $13,535 18.3 %$31,913 $15,718 NM%
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains(1,795)(1,737)(3.4)58 (7,019)NM
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings(388)(171)NM(3,065)(1,804)(69.9)
Total investment income$13,827 $11,627 18.9 %$28,906 $6,895 NM%
NM = not meaningful


Net investment income
Net investment income includes interest and dividends on our fixed maturity and equity security portfolios and the results of our limited partnership investments, net of investment expenses. Net investment income increased $2.5 million in the second quarter of 2024 and $16.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase in the second quarter of 2024 was primarily due to an increase in bond and cash and cash equivalent income driven by higher yields and rates. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily due to higher equity in earnings of limited partnerships and an increase in bond income driven by higher yields. Net investment income included $0.3 million of limited partnership losses in the second quarter of 2024 compared to earnings of less than $0.1 million for the same period in 2023, and $0.3 million of limited partnership earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to losses of $10.7 million for the same period in 2023.

Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains
A breakdown of our net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains is as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Securities sold:(Unaudited)(Unaudited)
Available-for-sale securities$(2,375)$(2,096)$(2,637)$(3,715)
Equity securities116 (78)330 (2,704)
Change in fair value on remaining equity securities464 437 2,365 (600)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains$(1,795)$(1,737)$58 $(7,019)


Net realized and unrealized losses of $1.8 million during the second quarter of 2024 were primarily due to disposals of available-for-sale securities. Net realized and unrealized gains of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were primarily due to market value adjustments in the preferred stock portfolio, mostly offset by losses on disposals of available-for-sale securities. Net realized and unrealized losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to disposals of available-for-sale securities. The six months ended June 30, 2023 also included disposals of equity securities impacted by banking industry events.

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
Net impairment losses during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 included both intent to sell and credit-related impairments on available-for-sale securities. The second quarter of 2024 also included $0.2 million related to current expected credit losses on other loans receivable. Net impairment losses during the six months ended June 30, 2024 also included current expected credit losses recognized on held-to-maturity securities of $2.2 million and other loans receivable of $0.4 million. See "Other assets" in Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Financial Statements" for additional information.


33
Financial Condition of Erie Insurance Exchange
Serving in the capacity of attorney-in-fact for the subscribers at the Exchange, we are dependent on the growth and financial condition of the Exchange, who is our sole customer. The strength of the Exchange and its wholly owned subsidiaries is rated annually by A.M. Best through assessing its financial stability and ability to pay claims. The ratings are generally based upon factors relevant to policyholders and are not directed toward return to investors. The Exchange and each of its property and casualty subsidiaries are rated A+ "Superior", the second highest financial strength rating, which is assigned to companies that have achieved superior overall performance when compared to the standards established by A.M. Best and have a superior ability to meet obligations to policyholders over the long term. On August 10, 2023, the outlook for the financial strength rating was affirmed as stable. As of December 31, 2023, only approximately 12% of insurance groups, in which the Exchange is included, are rated A+ or higher.

The financial statements of the Exchange are prepared in accordance with statutory accounting principles prescribed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Financial statements prepared under statutory accounting principles focus on the solvency of the insurer and generally provide a more conservative approach than under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Statutory direct written premiums of the Exchange and its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries grew 19.5% to $5.9 billion in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. These premiums, along with investment income, are the major sources of cash that support the operations of the Exchange. Policyholders’ surplus determined under statutory accounting principles was $9.3 billion at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Exchange and its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries' year-over-year policy retention ratio continues to be high at 91.1% at June 30, 2024 and 91.2% at December 31, 2023.

We have prepared our financial statements considering the financial strength of the Exchange based on its A.M. Best rating and strong level of surplus. See Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024 for possible outcomes that could impact that determination.
34
FINANCIAL CONDITION
 
Investments
Our investment portfolio is managed with the objective of maximizing after-tax returns on a risk-adjusted basis. The following table presents the carrying value of our investments as of: 
 
(dollars in thousands)June 30, 2024% to totalDecember 31, 2023% to total
(Unaudited)  
Available-for-sale securities (1)
$1,000,384 85 %$961,241 85 %
Equity securities80,128 7 84,253 7 
Agent loans (2)
66,280 6 67,787 6 
Other investments (3)
27,627 2 23,026 2 
Total investments$1,174,419 100 %$1,136,307 100 %
(1)This includes $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.
(2)The current portion of agent loans is included in the line item "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" in the Statements of Financial Position.
(3)The current and long-term portions of other investments are included in the line items "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "Other assets, net", respectively in the Statements of Financial Position.


Fixed maturities
Under our investment strategy, we maintain a fixed maturity portfolio that is of high quality and well diversified within each market sector.  This investment strategy also achieves a balanced maturity schedule. Our fixed maturity portfolio is managed with the goal of achieving reasonable returns while limiting exposure to risk. 

Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, included in shareholders’ equity.  Net unrealized losses on fixed maturities, net of deferred taxes, totaled $23.9 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $24.7 million at December 31, 2023.

The following table presents a breakdown of the fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio by industry sector and rating as of:
(in thousands)
June 30, 2024 (1)
AAAAAABBBNon- investment
grade		Fair
value
 (Unaudited)
Basic materials$0 $0 $952 $7,128 $5,807 $13,887 
Communications0 5,899 12,543 12,974 12,259 43,675 
Consumer0 1,955 26,445 69,523 40,948 138,871 
Diversified0 0 0 0 119 119 
Energy0 840 5,631 19,657 13,833 39,961 
Financial0 4,235 92,322 126,628 17,332 240,517 
Government-municipal (2)
0 0 0 0 4,833 4,833 
Industrial0 0 3,369 19,815 26,999 50,183 
Structured securities (3)
149,586 188,151 29,369 14,397 158 381,661 
Technology1,902 0 0 19,596 13,655 35,153 
U.S. Treasury0 1,025 0 0 0 1,025 
Utilities0 0 6,462 40,592 8,278 55,332 
Total
$151,488 $202,105 $177,093 $330,310 $144,221 $1,005,217 
(1)Ratings are supplied by S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch with the exception of Government-municipal, which is unrated.  The table is based upon the lowest rating for each security.
(2)Includes held-to-maturity securities totaling $4.8 million, which are included in the line item "Other assets, net" in the Statement of Financial Position.
(3)Structured securities include residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations and asset-backed securities.


35
Equity securities
Equity securities primarily include nonredeemable preferred stocks and are carried at fair value in the Statements of Financial Position with all changes in unrealized gains and losses reflected in the Statements of Operations.

The following table presents an analysis of the fair value of our equity securities by sector as of:
(in thousands)June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
Financial services$65,321 $69,900 
Utilities5,543 5,810 
Energy3,689 3,901 
Consumer3,885 3,915 
Technology1,500 500 
Industrial190 180 
Communications0 47 
Total
$80,128 $84,253 


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We continue to monitor the sufficiency of our liquidity and capital resources given the potential impact of current economic conditions, including the uncertain inflationary and interest rate environment. While we did not see a significant impact on our sources or uses of cash in the first quarter of 2024, future market disruptions could occur which may affect our liquidity position. If our normal operating and investing cash activities were to become insufficient to meet future funding requirements, we believe we have sufficient access to liquidity through our cash position, diverse liquid marketable securities and our $100 million bank revolving line of credit that does not expire until October 2026. See broader discussions of potential risks to our operations in the Operating Overview contained within this report and Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.

Sources and Uses of Cash
Liquidity is a measure of a company’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the short- and long-term cash requirements of its business operations and growth needs.  Our liquidity requirements have been met primarily by funds generated from management fee revenue and income from investments.  Cash provided from these sources is used primarily to fund the costs of our management operations including commissions, salaries and wages, pension plans, share repurchases, dividends to shareholders, the purchase and development of information technology and other capital expenditures.  See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 8, Postretirement Benefits, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for the funding policy and related contribution for our defined benefit pension plan. We expect that our operating cash needs will be met by funds generated from operations. Cash in excess of our operating needs is primarily invested in investment grade fixed maturities. As part of our liquidity review, we regularly evaluate our capital needs based on current and projected results and consider the potential impacts to our liquidity, borrowing capacity, financial covenants and capital availability.

We maintain relationships and cash balances at diversified and well-capitalized financial institutions and have established processes to monitor them. We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our current and future cash requirements.

Volatility in the financial markets presents challenges to us as we do occasionally access our investment portfolio as a source of cash.  Some of our fixed income investments, despite being publicly traded, may be illiquid. Additionally, if we require significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of anticipated cash requirements, or if we are required to return cash collateral in connection with our securities lending program, we may have difficulty selling investments in a timely manner, or be forced to sell at deep discounts. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet our needs from sources other than the liquidation of securities.

36
Cash flow activities
The following table provides condensed cash flow information as follows for the six months ended June 30:
(in thousands)20242023
(Unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities$218,620 $180,007 
Net cash used in investing activities(79,632)(68,264)
Net cash used in financing activities(112,409)(110,837)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$26,579 $906 

 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $218.6 million for the first six months of 2024, compared to $180.0 million for the same period in 2023. Increased cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in management fees received of $227.4 million driven by growth in direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange. This was partially offset by increases in cash paid for agent commissions of $117.1 million driven by premium growth, income taxes paid of $43.5 million and pension and employee benefits paid of $33.1 million primarily due to a $33.0 million pension contribution in 2024.

Net cash used in investing activities was $79.6 million for the first six months of 2024, compared to $68.3 million for the same period in 2023. In 2024 and 2023, net cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by fixed asset purchases of $50.5 million and $45.0 million, respectively, mostly related to software and home office renovations.

Net cash used in financing activities was $112.4 million for the first six months of 2024, compared to $110.8 million for the same period in 2023, primarily due to dividends paid to shareholders. We increased both our Class A and Class B shareholder regular quarterly dividends by 7.1% for 2024, compared to 2023. There are no regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends to our shareholders.

Capital Outlook
We regularly prepare forecasts evaluating the current and future cash requirements for both normal and extreme risk events, including under current inflationary conditions and a higher interest rate environment. Should an extreme risk event result in a cash requirement exceeding normal cash flows, we have the ability to meet our future funding requirements through various alternatives available to us.

Outside of our normal operating and investing cash activities, future funding requirements could be met through: 1) unrestricted and unpledged cash and cash equivalents, which totaled approximately $155.4 million at June 30, 2024, 2) $100 million available bank revolving line of credit, and 3) liquidation of unrestricted and unpledged assets held in our investment portfolio, including equity securities and investment grade bonds which totaled approximately $814.1 million at June 30, 2024.  Volatility in the financial markets could impair our ability to sell certain fixed income securities or cause such securities to sell at deep discounts.  Additionally, we have the ability to curtail or modify discretionary cash outlays such as those related to shareholder dividends and share repurchase activities.

As of June 30, 2024, we have access to a $100 million bank revolving line of credit. See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 7, Bank Line of Credit, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have entered into certain contingent obligations for guarantees. See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for additional information. We do not believe that these obligations will have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
37
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
 
We make estimates and assumptions that have a significant effect on the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements.  The most significant estimates relate to investment valuation and retirement benefit plans for employees.  While management believes its estimates are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from estimates provided.  Our most critical accounting estimates are described in Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2023 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.  See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 5, Fair Value, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for additional information on our valuation of investments.


ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our exposure to market risk is primarily related to fluctuations in interest rates and prices. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk resulting from changes in interest rates, prices and other risk exposures for the year ended December 31, 2023 are included in Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.

The current inflationary environment, rising interest rates and a potential economic slowdown may create future volatility; however, there have been no material changes that impacted our portfolio or reshaped our periodic investment reviews of asset allocations during the six months ended June 30, 2024. We continue to closely monitor the economic environment and financial markets and will take appropriate measures, when necessary, to minimize potential risk exposure to our cash and investment balances. For a recent discussion of conditions surrounding our investment portfolio, see the "Operating Overview", "Results of Operations" and "Financial Condition" discussions contained in Part I, Item 2. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained within this report.


ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
We carried out an evaluation, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
 
Our management evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, any change in our internal control over financial reporting and determined there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the six months ended June 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

38
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity") was named as a defendant in a complaint filed on August 24, 2021, by alleged subscribers of the Erie Insurance Exchange (the "Exchange") in the Court of Common Pleas Civil Division of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania captioned TROY STEPHENSON, CHRISTINA STEPHENSON, SUSAN RUBEL and STEVEN BARNETT, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated (Plaintiffs) v. Erie Indemnity Company (Defendant).

The complaint seeks relief for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by Indemnity in connection with the setting of the management fee it receives, in accordance with the terms of the Subscribers Agreement executed between Indemnity and all policyholders of the Exchange, as compensation for acting as the attorney-in-fact in the management of the Exchange. The relief sought is for the period beginning two years prior to the date of the filing of the complaint and continuing through 2021.

The complaint seeks (i) a finding that Indemnity has breached its fiduciary duties; (ii) an award of damages in an amount to be determined at trial; and (iii) such other relief, including disgorgement of profits or other injunctive relief, that the Court deems just and proper.

Service of the complaint was effectuated on September 20, 2021. A Notice of Removal to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania was filed on October 20, 2021. On November 2, 2021, Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal. As a result, the action was dismissed without prejudice.

On December 6, 2021, another Complaint was filed in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania captioned ERIE INSURANCE EXCHANGE, an unincorporated association, by TROY STEPHENSON, CHRISTINA STEPHENSON and STEVEN BARNETT, trustees ad litem, and alternatively, ERIE INSURANCE EXCHANGE, by TROY STEPHENSON, CHRISTINA STEPHENSON and STEVEN BARNETT, (Plaintiff), v. ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY, (Defendant).

This most recent complaint has the same allegation of breach of fiduciary duty by Indemnity in connection with the setting of the management fee it receives, in accordance with the terms of the Subscribers Agreement executed between Indemnity and all policyholders of the Exchange, as compensation for acting as the attorney-in-fact in the management of the Exchange.

This most recent complaint seeks the same relief, specifically, (i) a finding that Indemnity has breached its fiduciary duties; (ii) an award of damages in an amount to be determined at trial; and (iii) such other relief, including disgorgement of profits or other injunctive relief, that the Court deems just and proper.

A Notice of Removal to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania was filed on January 27, 2022. Indemnity intends to vigorously defend against all of the allegations and requests for relief in the complaint.

By Memorandum Opinion and Order dated September 28, 2022, the Court granted the Motion for Remand and directed the case be remanded to the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. On September 30, 2022, Indemnity filed a Motion to Stay the Remand Order pending an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. On October 3, 2022, the Court granted the Stay. On October 11, 2022, Indemnity filed a Petition for Permission to Appeal the Remand Order with the Third Circuit. By Order dated November 7, 2022, a three judge panel of the Court denied the Petition to Appeal.

On November 21, 2022, Indemnity filed a Petition for Rehearing requesting that the Third Circuit permit the appeal. By Order dated January 9, 2023, the Court granted the petition for rehearing and vacated the prior Order of October 7, 2022, denying permission to appeal. On April 20, 2023, argument was held before a three-judge panel of the Third Circuit. By Opinion dated May 22, 2023, the Court affirmed the decision of the District Court finding that there was no basis for federal court jurisdiction and that the matter had been properly remanded to state court. On June 5, 2023, Indemnity filed a Petition for Panel Rehearing or Rehearing En Banc. By Order dated June 22, 2023, the Court denied the Petition. The United States District Court thereafter extended its stay of the issuance of the remand order through the conclusion of any proceedings in the United States Supreme Court challenging the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit that no federal jurisdiction exists in this case.

On October 20, 2023, Indemnity filed a Petition for Writ of Certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States. The Petition sought a determination from the Court that the lower courts improperly denied federal jurisdiction. By order dated February 26, 2024, the United States Supreme Court denied Indemnity's Petition for Writ of Certiorari.

39
Separately, Indemnity filed a Complaint in Federal Court to invoke certain provisions of the “All Writs Act” and the “Anti-Injunction Act.” By filing this complaint, Indemnity seeks to protect the federal court’s prior binding, final judgments in favor of Indemnity and thereby foreclose further litigation of the claims and issues pertaining to the compensation practices that were the subject of the prior judgments. After the denial of certiorari, the district court, by Opinion and Order dated February 28, 2024, granted Indemnity’s motion for a preliminary injunction under the All Writs Act after determining that the gravamen of the plaintiff’s state court action “is the same” as two actions previously dismissed in federal court, that Indemnity would be irreparably harmed if it is forced to relitigate those same issues in state court, plaintiffs had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the same issues in prior litigation, and that an injunction would serve the public interest. The Court’s order preliminarily enjoined the named plaintiffs from pursuing the Erie Ins. Exch. v. Erie Indem. Co. action and enjoined the state court from conducting further proceedings in that action. The court ordered Indemnity to file a motion to convert the preliminary injunction into a permanent injunction. In the meantime, plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. As a result of the filing of the appeal, the trial court stayed the order issuing an injunction.

The appeal has been briefed and awaiting further action by the Third Circuit.

Indemnity intends to vigorously defend the district court’s order on appeal and to otherwise defend against all allegations and requests for relief sought by plaintiffs.

For additional information on contingencies, see Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 13, Commitment and Contingencies, of Notes to Financial Statements".


ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
 
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.


ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program, authorizing repurchases for a total of $150 million with no time limitation.  This repurchase authority included, and was not in addition to, any unspent amounts remaining under the prior authorization.

The following table provides information regarding our Class A nonvoting common stock share repurchases during the quarter ending June 30, 2024:

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
PeriodTotal number of shares purchasedAverage price paid per shareTotal number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programDollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program
April 1-30, 2024— $— — $17,754 
May 1-31, 2024 (1)
1,188 385.94 — 17,754 
June 1-30, 2024— — — 17,754 
Total1,188 385.94 — 

(1)Represents shares purchased on the open market to fund the rabbi trust for the outside director deferred stock compensation plan.

40
ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS    
Exhibit  
Number Description of Exhibit
10.1*
10.2*
31.1+ 
   
31.2+ 
   
32++ 
   
101.INS+ Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
   
101.SCH+ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
   
101.CAL+ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
   
101.DEF+ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB+ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
   
101.PRE+ Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104+ Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*    Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
+     Filed herewith.
++    Furnished herewith.

41
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
  Erie Indemnity Company 
  (Registrant) 
    
    
Date:July 25, 2024By:/s/ Timothy G. NeCastro 
  Timothy G. NeCastro, President & CEO 
    
 By:/s/ Julie M. Pelkowski 
  Julie M. Pelkowski, Executive Vice President & CFO 
42

Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Timothy G. NeCastro, certify that:
 
1.              I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Erie Indemnity Company;
 
2.              Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.              Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.              The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.              Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.             Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.              Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.             Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.              The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors:
 
a.              All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b.             Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:July 25, 2024 
  
 /s/ Timothy G. NeCastro
 Timothy G. NeCastro
 President & CEO


Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
I, Julie M. Pelkowski, certify that:
 
1.              I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Erie Indemnity Company;
 
2.              Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.              Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.              The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a.              Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b.             Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c.              Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d.             Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.              The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors:
 
a.              All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b.             Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:July 25, 2024 
  
 /s/ Julie M. Pelkowski
 Julie M. Pelkowski
 Executive Vice President & CFO


Exhibit 32
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
We, Timothy G. NeCastro, Chief Executive Officer of the Erie Indemnity Company (the "Company"), and Julie M. Pelkowski, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. § 1350, that:
 
(1)The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Timothy G. NeCastro 
Timothy G. NeCastro 
President & CEO 
  
/s/ Julie M. Pelkowski 
Julie M. Pelkowski 
Executive Vice President & CFO 
  
  
July 25, 2024 
 






















A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

v3.24.2
Cover Page - shares
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jul. 19, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]    
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Jun. 30, 2024  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 0-24000  
Entry Registrant Name ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code PA  
Entity Tax Identification Number 25-0466020  
Entity Address, Address Line One 100 Erie Insurance Place,  
Entity Address, City or Town Erie,  
Entity Address, State or Province PA  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 16530  
City Area Code 814  
Local Phone Number 870-2000  
Title of 12(b) Security Class A common stock,  
Trading Symbol ERIE  
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Central Index Key 0000922621  
Amendment Flag false  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q2  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Class A common stock    
Document Information [Line Items]    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   46,189,068
Class B common stock    
Document Information [Line Items]    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   2,542
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Operating revenue        
Total operating revenue $ 990,438 $ 839,870 $ 1,871,139 $ 1,592,335
Operating expenses        
Total operating expenses 800,230 705,712 1,542,119 1,347,634
Operating income 190,208 134,158 329,020 244,701
Investment income        
Net investment income 16,010 13,535 31,913 15,718
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains (1,795) (1,737) 58 (7,019)
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings (388) (171) (3,065) (1,804)
Total investment income 13,827 11,627 28,906 6,895
Other income 3,292 3,305 6,703 6,642
Income before income taxes 207,327 149,090 364,629 258,238
Income tax expense 43,424 31,238 76,174 54,145
Net income $ 163,903 $ 117,852 $ 288,455 $ 204,093
Class A common stock        
Earnings per share - Basic and diluted:        
Common stock - basic (in dollars per share) $ 3.52 $ 2.53 $ 6.19 $ 4.38
Common stock - diluted (in dollars per share) $ 3.13 $ 2.25 $ 5.52 $ 3.90
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic        
Common stock - basic (in shares) 46,189,042 46,189,026 46,189,028 46,188,923
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted        
Common stock - diluted (in shares) 52,305,299 52,299,974 52,303,551 52,298,298
Dividends declared per share        
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) $ 1.275 $ 1.19 $ 2.55 $ 2.38
Class B common stock        
Earnings per share - Basic and diluted:        
Common stock - basic (in dollars per share) 528 380 929 657
Common stock - diluted (in dollars per share) $ 528 $ 380 $ 929 $ 657
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic        
Common stock - basic (in shares) 2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted        
Common stock - diluted (in shares) 2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542
Dividends declared per share        
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) $ 191.25 $ 178.50 $ 382.50 $ 357.00
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services        
Operating revenue        
Total operating revenue $ 760,886 $ 633,339 $ 1,426,572 $ 1,191,429
Operating expenses        
Total operating expenses 594,202 521,246 1,144,524 990,341
Management fee revenue - administrative services        
Operating revenue        
Total operating revenue 17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825
Administrative services reimbursement revenue        
Operating revenue        
Total operating revenue 206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293
Operating expenses        
Total operating expenses 206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293
Service agreement revenue        
Operating revenue        
Total operating revenue $ 6,473 $ 6,429 $ 12,987 $ 12,788
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]        
Net income $ 163,903 $ 117,852 $ 288,455 $ 204,093
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax        
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities 1,541 (1,746) 787 8,748
Pension and other postretirement plans (3,434) (2,742) (4,510) (5,484)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (1,893) (4,488) (3,723) 3,264
Comprehensive income $ 162,010 $ 113,364 $ 284,732 $ 207,357
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $14,027 and $12,542, respectively) $ 170,634 $ 144,055
Available-for-sale securities 47,734 82,017
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net 708,171 625,338
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 83,529 69,321
Accrued investment income 10,204 9,458
Total current assets 1,020,272 930,189
Available-for-sale securities, net 946,525 879,224
Available-for-sale securities lent 6,125 0
Equity securities 80,128 84,253
Fixed assets, net 469,145 442,610
Agent loans, net 56,813 58,434
Defined benefit pension plan 65,221 34,320
Other assets, net 47,731 42,934
Total assets 2,691,960 2,471,964
Current liabilities:    
Commissions payable 413,205 353,709
Agent incentive compensation 44,870 68,077
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 198,689 175,622
Dividends payable 59,377 59,377
Contract liability 41,570 41,210
Deferred executive compensation 8,216 10,982
Securities lending payable 6,345 0
Total current liabilities 772,272 708,977
Defined benefit pension plan 26,591 26,260
Contract liability 20,645 19,910
Deferred executive compensation 16,341 20,936
Deferred income taxes, net 5,192 11,481
Other long-term liabilities 22,106 21,565
Total liabilities 863,147 809,129
Shareholders’ equity    
Additional paid-in-capital 16,466 16,466
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (17,123) (13,400)
Retained earnings 2,973,390 2,803,689
Total contributed capital and retained earnings 2,974,903 2,808,925
Treasury stock, at cost; 22,110,132 shares held (1,168,297) (1,169,165)
Deferred compensation 22,207 23,075
Total shareholders’ equity 1,828,813 1,662,835
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 2,691,960 2,471,964
Class A common stock    
Shareholders’ equity    
Common stock 1,992 1,992
Class B common stock    
Shareholders’ equity    
Common stock $ 178 $ 178
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (Parenthetical)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Restricted cash | $ $ 14,027 $ 12,542
Treasury stock (in shares) 22,110,132 22,110,132
Class A common stock    
Common stock, stated value per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.0292 $ 0.0292
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 74,996,930 74,996,930
Common stock, issued (in shares) 68,299,200 68,299,200
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 46,189,068 46,189,068
Class B common stock    
Common stock, stated value per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 70 $ 70
Common stock, authorized (in shares) 3,070 3,070
Common stock, issued (in shares) 2,542 2,542
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 2,542 2,542
Ratio for converting shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock 2,400 2,400
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Additional paid-in-capital
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Retained earnings
Treasury stock
Deferred compensation
Class A common stock
Class A common stock
Common stock
Class A common stock
Retained earnings
Class B common stock
Class B common stock
Common stock
Class B common stock
Retained earnings
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 1,448,408 $ 16,481 $ (7,414) $ 2,583,261 $ (1,168,949) $ 22,859   $ 1,992     $ 178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 86,241     86,241                
Other comprehensive income (loss) 7,752   7,752                  
Dividends declared             $ (54,965)   $ (54,965) $ (454)   $ (454)
Net purchase of treasury stock [1] (15) (15)     0              
Deferred compensation 0       (822) 822            
Rabbi trust distribution [2] 0       416 (416)            
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023 1,486,967 16,466 338 2,614,083 (1,169,355) 23,265   1,992     178  
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022 1,448,408 16,481 (7,414) 2,583,261 (1,168,949) 22,859   1,992     178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 204,093                      
Other comprehensive income (loss) 3,264   3,264                  
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023 1,544,912 16,466 (4,150) 2,676,516 (1,168,380) 22,290   1,992     178  
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023 1,486,967 16,466 338 2,614,083 (1,169,355) 23,265   1,992     178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 117,852     117,852                
Other comprehensive income (loss) (4,488)   (4,488)                  
Dividends declared             (54,965)   (54,965) (454)   (454)
Net purchase of treasury stock [1] 0 0     0              
Deferred compensation 0       (621) 621            
Rabbi trust distribution [2] 0       1,596 (1,596)            
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023 1,544,912 16,466 (4,150) 2,676,516 (1,168,380) 22,290   1,992     178  
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 1,662,835 16,466 (13,400) 2,803,689 (1,169,165) 23,075   1,992     178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 124,552     124,552                
Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,830)   (1,830)                  
Dividends declared             (58,891)   (58,891) (486)   (486)
Deferred compensation 0       (861) 861            
Rabbi trust distribution [2] 0       709 (709)            
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024 1,726,180 16,466 (15,230) 2,868,864 (1,169,317) 23,227   1,992     178  
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023 1,662,835 16,466 (13,400) 2,803,689 (1,169,165) 23,075   1,992     178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 288,455                      
Other comprehensive income (loss) (3,723)   (3,723)                  
Net purchase of treasury stock [1] 0 0     0              
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024 1,828,813 16,466 (17,123) 2,973,390 (1,168,297) 22,207   1,992     178  
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024 1,726,180 16,466 (15,230) 2,868,864 (1,169,317) 23,227   1,992     178  
Increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity                        
Net income 163,903     163,903                
Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,893)   (1,893)                  
Dividends declared             $ (58,891)   $ (58,891) $ (486)   $ (486)
Net purchase of treasury stock [1] 0 0     0              
Deferred compensation 0       (518) 518            
Rabbi trust distribution [2] 0       1,538 (1,538)            
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024 $ 1,828,813 $ 16,466 $ (17,123) $ 2,973,390 $ (1,168,297) $ 22,207   $ 1,992     $ 178  
[1] Net purchase of treasury stock includes the repurchase of our Class A common stock in the open market that were subsequently distributed to satisfy stock-based compensation awards.
[2] Distributions of our Class A shares were made from the rabbi trust to five incentive compensation deferral plan participants in 2024 and 2023.
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical)
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Participants
$ / shares
Mar. 31, 2024
$ / shares
Jun. 30, 2023
Participants
$ / shares
Mar. 31, 2023
$ / shares
Jun. 30, 2024
Participants
$ / shares
Jun. 30, 2023
Participants
$ / shares
Rabbi trust, number of incentive compensation deferral plan participants receiving distributions | Participants 5   5   5 5
Class A common stock            
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) $ 1.275 $ 1.275 $ 1.19 $ 1.19 $ 2.55 $ 2.38
Class B common stock            
Dividends declared (in dollars per share) $ 191.25 $ 191.25 $ 178.50 $ 178.50 $ 382.50 $ 357.00
v3.24.2
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities    
Management fee received $ 1,389,944 $ 1,162,575
Administrative services reimbursements received 373,908 359,332
Service agreement revenue received 12,989 12,788
Net investment income received 31,590 27,069
Commissions paid to agents (681,345) (564,218)
Incentive compensation paid to agents (80,633) (106,003)
Salaries and wages paid (131,226) (123,501)
Pension contribution and employee benefits paid (70,588) (37,460)
General operating expenses paid (161,102) (151,975)
Administrative services expenses paid (385,036) (362,228)
Income taxes paid (79,881) (36,372)
Net cash provided by operating activities 218,620 180,007
Purchase of investments:    
Available-for-sale securities (236,000) (123,767)
Equity securities (13,142) (18,690)
Other investments (7,000) (7)
Proceeds from investments:    
Available-for-sale securities sales 105,172 78,808
Available-for-sale securities maturities/calls 100,655 28,972
Equity securities 19,929 10,579
Other investments 0 271
Purchase of fixed assets (50,488) (45,003)
Loans to agents and other (4,340) (4,150)
Collections on agent loans 5,582 4,723
Net cash used in investing activities (79,632) (68,264)
Cash flows from financing activities    
Dividends paid to shareholders (118,754) (110,837)
Net changes in cash collateral for securities lent 6,345 0
Net cash used in financing activities (112,409) (110,837)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 26,579 906
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash beginning of period 144,055 142,090
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash end of period 170,634 142,996
Supplemental disclosure of noncash transactions    
Liability incurred to purchase fixed assets 11,163 0
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities $ 4,663 $ 3,757
v3.24.2
Nature of Operations
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of Operations Nature of Operations
 
Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity", "we", "us", "our") is a publicly held Pennsylvania business corporation that has since its incorporation in 1925 served as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers (policyholders) at the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange").  The Exchange, which also commenced business in 1925, is a Pennsylvania-domiciled reciprocal insurer that writes property and casualty insurance.

Our primary function as attorney-in-fact is to perform policy issuance and renewal services on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. We also act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to all claims handling and investment management services, as well as the service provider for all claims handling, life insurance and investment management services for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, collectively referred to as "administrative services". Acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities is done in accordance with a subscriber's agreement (a limited power of attorney) executed individually by each subscriber (policyholder), which appoints Indemnity as each subscriber's attorney-in-fact to transact certain business on their behalf.  In accordance with the subscriber's agreement for acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange.

The policy issuance and renewal services we provide on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange are related to the sales, underwriting and issuance of policies. The sales related services we provide include agent compensation and certain sales and advertising support services. Agent compensation includes scheduled commissions to agents based upon premiums written as well as incentive compensation, which is earned by achieving targeted measures. The underwriting services we provide include underwriting and policy processing. The remaining services we provide include customer service and administrative support. We also provide information technology services that support all the functions listed above. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these policy issuance and renewal functions.

Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Claims handling services include costs incurred in the claims process, including the adjustment, investigation, defense, recording and payment functions. Life insurance management services include costs incurred in the management and processing of life insurance business. Investment management services are related to investment trading activity, accounting and all other functions attributable to the investment of funds. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these administrative functions. The subscriber's agreement and service agreements provide for reimbursement of amounts incurred for these services to Indemnity. Reimbursements are settled at cost. State insurance regulations require that intercompany service agreements and any material amendments be approved in advance by the state insurance department.

Our results of operations are tied to the growth and financial condition of the Exchange. If any events occurred that impaired the Exchange’s ability to grow or sustain its financial condition, including but not limited to reduced financial strength ratings, disruption in the independent agency relationships, significant catastrophe losses or products not meeting customer demands, the Exchange could find it more difficult to retain its existing business and attract new business. A decline in the business of the Exchange almost certainly could have as a consequence a decline in the total premiums paid and a correspondingly adverse effect on the amount of the management fees we receive. We also have an exposure to a concentration of credit risk related to the unsecured receivables due from the Exchange for net management fee and other reimbursements. See Note 12, "Concentrations of Credit Risk".
v3.24.2
Significant Accounting Policies
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 26, 2024.

Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently issued accounting standards and disclosure rules
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported period of profit or loss, and requires entities with a single reporting segment to provide all disclosures required by Topic 280. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The update is required to be applied retrospectively to prior periods presented in the financial statements, based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose specific categories in an effective tax rate reconciliation, additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, and certain information about income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors", requiring registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports. The final rules include disclosure of climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on a registrant’s business, results of operations or financial condition. Disclosures related to significant effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions and amounts related to carbon offsets and renewable energy credits or certificates are required in the financial statements in certain circumstances. Disclosure requirements will phase in for fiscal years beginning in 2025 and be applied prospectively upon adoption. On April 4, 2024, the SEC determined to voluntarily stay the final rules pending ongoing litigation. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

Other assets
Other assets primarily include limited partnership investments, other loans receivable, held-to-maturity securities, operating lease assets and other long-term prepaid assets. Limited partnership investments are recorded using the equity method of accounting. Other loans receivable include loans issued to fund real estate development projects supporting revitalization efforts in our community. The loans are carried at unpaid principal balance, including any paid-in-kind interest capitalized as additional principal, if applicable, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. Any current portion of other loans receivable is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. The allowances are calculated using the estimated value of, and priority rights to, collateral in the event of default or external loss rates based on comparable losses, and considers current market conditions and forecasted information. Changes to the allowances are recognized in earnings as adjustments to net impairment recoveries (losses) or other income (expense) depending on the nature of the asset. Interest on other loans receivable and held-to-maturity securities is recorded primarily in investment income as earned.
Securities lending
Beginning in May 2024 we entered into securities lending transactions, managed by a third-party banking institution, whereby securities are loaned to unaffiliated financial institutions for short periods of time. The securities lending activity is accounted for as a secured borrowing and therefore the securities loaned, primarily fixed maturity securities, are carried as invested assets on our Statement of Financial Position, while the obligation to return the collateral is recorded as a current liability. The cash collateral received at the inception of the loan is reinvested and the related income is recognized in net investment income. Noncash collateral is not recorded in the Statements of Financial Position, as we do not have the right to sell, pledge, or otherwise reinvest the noncash collateral. Collateral received can only be accessed by us if the institution borrowing the securities is in default.

The collateral is required to equal a minimum of 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, and maintained at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. We monitor the ratio of the collateral held to the estimated fair value of the securities loaned on a daily basis and obtain additional collateral as necessary. A securities lending transaction may be terminated at any time by the borrower or the lender. If terminated, we would repay our securities lending obligations from the sale of reinvested collateral or the proceeds of sales from our investment portfolio, which includes liquid securities.
v3.24.2
Revenue
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
 
The majority of our revenue is derived from the subscriber’s agreement between us and the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange. In accordance with the subscriber’s agreement, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage, not to exceed 25%, of all direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange. We allocate a portion of our management fee revenue, currently 25% of the direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange, between the two performance obligations we have under the subscriber’s agreement. The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, and the second is to act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange, as well as the service provider for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative services reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policyholders cancel their insurance coverage mid-term and premiums are refunded to them. The constraining estimate is determined using the expected value method, based on both historical and current information. The estimated transaction price, as reduced by the constraint, reflects consideration expected for performance of our services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price.

The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services that result in executed insurance policies between the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries and the subscriber (policyholder). The subscriber (policyholder) receives economic benefits when substantially all the policy issuance or renewal services are complete and an insurance policy is issued or renewed by the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries. It is at the time of policy issuance or renewal that the allocated portion of revenue is recognized.

Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Collectively, these services represent a second performance obligation under the subscriber’s agreement and the service agreements. The revenue allocated to this performance obligation is recognized over a four-year period representing the time over which these services are provided. The portion of revenue not yet earned is recorded as a contract liability in the Statements of Financial Position. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized revenue of $11.9 million and $26.9 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2023. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized revenue of $10.5 million and $23.8 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 31, 2022. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.

Indemnity records a receivable from the Exchange for management fee revenue when the premium is written or assumed from affiliates by the Exchange. Indemnity collects the management fee from the Exchange when the Exchange collects the premiums from the subscribers (policyholders). As the Exchange issues policies with annual terms only, cash collections generally occur within one year.


The following table disaggregates revenue by our two performance obligations:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services$760,886 $633,339 $1,426,572 $1,191,429 
Management fee revenue - administrative services17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825 
Administrative services reimbursement revenue206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293 
Total revenue from administrative services$223,079 $200,102 $431,580 $388,118 
v3.24.2
Earnings Per Share
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share
 
Class A and Class B basic earnings per share and Class B diluted earnings per share are calculated under the two-class method. The two-class method allocates earnings to each class of stock based upon its dividend rights.  Class B shares are convertible into Class A shares at a conversion ratio of 2,400 to 1. See Note 10, "Capital Stock".

Class A diluted earnings per share is calculated under the if-converted method, which reflects the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares. Diluted earnings per share calculations include the dilutive effect of assumed issuance of stock-based awards under compensation plans that have the option to be paid in stock using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted per-share computations is presented as follows for each class of common stock: 
Three months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$162,561 46,189,042 $3.52 $116,887 46,189,026 $2.53 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 15,457 — 0 10,148 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares1,342 6,100,800 — 965 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$163,903 52,305,299 $3.13 $117,852 52,299,974 $2.25 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Six months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$286,093 46,189,028 $6.19 $202,422 46,188,923 $4.38 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 13,723 — 0 8,575 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares2,362 6,100,800 — 1,671 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$288,455 52,303,551 $5.52 $204,093 52,298,298 $3.90 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,362 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,361 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 
v3.24.2
Fair Value
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Fair Value
 
Financial instruments carried at fair value
Our available-for-sale and equity securities are recorded at fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between willing market participants as of the measurement date.
 
Valuation techniques used to derive the fair value of our available-for-sale and equity securities are based upon observable and unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources.  Unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions regarding fair market value for these securities.  Financial instruments are categorized based upon the following characteristics or inputs to the valuation techniques:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
 
Estimates of fair values for our investment portfolio are obtained primarily from a nationally recognized pricing service.  Our Level 1 securities are valued using an exchange traded price provided by the pricing service. Pricing service valuations for Level 2 securities include multiple verifiable, observable inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.  Pricing service valuations for Level 3 securities are based upon proprietary models and are used when observable inputs are not available or in illiquid markets.
 
Although virtually all of our prices are obtained from third party sources, we also perform internal pricing reviews, including evaluating the methodology and inputs used to ensure that we determine the proper classification level of the financial instrument and reviewing securities with price changes that vary significantly from current market conditions or independent price sources.  Price variances are investigated and corroborated by market data and transaction volumes. We have reviewed the pricing methodologies of our pricing service as well as other observable inputs and believe that the prices adequately consider market activity in determining fair value. 

In limited circumstances we adjust the price received from the pricing service when, in our judgment, a better reflection of fair value is available based upon corroborating information and our knowledge and monitoring of market conditions such as a disparity in price of comparable securities and/or non-binding broker quotes.  In other circumstances, certain securities are internally priced because prices are not provided by the pricing service.
 
When a price from the pricing service is not available, values are determined by obtaining broker/dealer quotes and/or market comparables. When available, we obtain multiple quotes for the same security. The ultimate value for these securities is determined based upon our best estimate of fair value using corroborating market information. As of June 30, 2024, nearly all of our available-for-sale and equity securities were priced using a third party pricing service.
The following tables present our fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input as of: 
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$612,049 $0 $603,506 $8,543 
Collateralized debt obligations111,857 0 111,857 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities123,013 0 97,793 25,220 
Residential mortgage-backed securities127,991 0 127,991 0 
Other debt securities24,449 0 24,449 0 
U.S. Treasury1,025 0 1,025 0 
Total available-for-sale securities1,000,384 0 966,621 33,763 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector65,321 1,537 58,350 5,434 
Utilities sector5,543 0 5,543 0 
Energy sector3,689 0 3,689 0 
Consumer sector3,885 0 2,321 1,564 
Technology sector1,500 0 0 1,500 
Industrial sector190 0 190 0 
Total equity securities80,128 1,537 70,093 8,498 
Total$1,080,512 $1,537 $1,036,714 $42,261 
(1)This includes $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$588,688 $0 $584,182 $4,506 
Collateralized debt obligations112,468 0 112,468 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities102,720 0 91,726 10,994 
Residential mortgage-backed securities140,055 0 138,521 1,534 
Other debt securities17,310 0 17,310 0 
Total available-for-sale securities961,241 0 944,207 17,034 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector69,900 816 63,750 5,334 
Utilities sector5,810 0 5,810 0 
Energy sector3,901 0 3,901 0 
Consumer sector3,915 0 2,415 1,500 
Technology sector500 0 0 500 
Industrial sector180 0 180 0 
Communications sector47 47 0 0 
Total equity securities84,253 863 76,056 7,334 
Total$1,045,494 $863 $1,020,263 $24,368 
We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Transfers between hierarchy levels may occur due to changes in available market observable inputs.

Level 3 Assets – 2024 Quarterly Change:

(in thousands) 		Beginning balance at March 31, 2024
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:        
Corporate debt securities$3,908 $22 $(20)$4,496 $(521)$2,202 $(1,544)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 14,577 (415)125 210 (5)11,643 (915)25,220 
Total available-for-sale securities18,485 (393)105 4,706 (526)13,845 (2,459)33,763 
Equity securities7,968 61 — 1,019 (84)520 (986)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$26,453 $(332)$105 $5,725 $(610)$14,365 $(3,445)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2024 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,506 $25 $21 $4,839 $(823)$3,824 $(3,849)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,994 (669)219 1,805 (5)17,648 (4,772)25,220 
Residential mortgage- backed securities1,534 (5)(24)0 (40)0 (1,465)0 
Total available-for-sale securities17,034 (649)216 6,644 (868)21,472 (10,086)33,763 
Equity securities7,334 147 — 2,019 (84)544 (1,462)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$24,368 $(502)$216 $8,663 $(952)$22,016 $(11,548)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2023 Quarterly Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at March 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,503 $14 $37 $779 $(100)$1,655 $(1,765)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities6,415 (169)(117)866 (185)329 (606)6,533 
Residential mortgage- backed securities33 0 0 0 (21)0 0 12 
Total available-for-sale securities10,951 (155)(80)1,645 (306)1,984 (2,371)11,668 
Equity securities4,699 31 — 0 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$15,650 $(124)$(80)$1,645 $(306)$1,984 $(2,371)$16,398 
Level 3 Assets – 2023 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2022
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$3,686 $(14)$122 $1,532 $(745)$3,153 $(2,611)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,910 (360)100 1,455 (185)466 (5,853)6,533 
Residential mortgage-backed securities4,184 (5)96 0 (108)33 (4,188)12 
Total available-for-sale securities18,780 (379)318 2,987 (1,038)3,652 (12,652)11,668 
Equity securities3,779 (7)— 958 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$22,559 $(386)$318 $3,945 $(1,038)$3,652 $(12,652)$16,398 
(1)These amounts are reported as net investment income and net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) for each of the periods presented above.
(2)Transfers into and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.


Financial instruments not carried at fair value
The following table presents the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy that are recorded at carrying value as of:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Carrying valueFair valueCarrying valueFair value
Agent loans, net $66,280 $60,361 $67,787 $66,445 
Other loans receivable, net (1)
10,968 10,968 10,713 10,713 
Held-to-maturity securities, net (2)
4,833 4,833 — — 
(1)    The current and long-term portions of other loans receivable are included in the line items "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "Other assets, net", respectively, in the Statements of Financial Position.
(2)    Held-to-maturity securities are included in the line item "Other assets, net" in the Statement of Financial Position.
v3.24.2
Investments
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
 
Fixed maturity securities
See Note 5, "Fair Value" for additional fair value disclosures. The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value, net of credit loss allowance, of our fixed maturity securities as of:
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$621,229 $3,560 $12,740 $612,049 
Collateralized debt obligations112,450 273 866 111,857 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities126,163 986 4,136 123,013 
Residential mortgage-backed securities144,923 58 16,990 127,991 
Other debt securities24,885 180 616 24,449 
U.S. Treasury1,043 0 18 1,025 
Total available-for-sale securities, net1,030,693 5,057 35,366 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - states & political subdivisions4,833 0 0 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $5,057 $35,366 $1,005,217 
(1)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$600,639 $4,594 $16,545 $588,688 
Collateralized debt obligations114,400 156 2,088 112,468 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities106,019 1,410 4,709 102,720 
Residential mortgage-backed securities153,633 69 13,647 140,055 
Other debt securities17,862 136 688 17,310 
Total available-for-sale securities, net$992,553 $6,365 $37,677 $961,241 


The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2024 are shown below by remaining contractual term to maturity.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

June 30, 2024
AmortizedEstimated
(in thousands)costfair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in one year or less$47,471 $46,768 
Due after one year through five years441,071 433,520 
Due after five years through ten years189,349 188,453 
Due after ten years352,802 331,643 
Total available-for-sale securities, net (1) (2)
1,030,693 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years4,833 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $1,005,217 
(1)The contractual maturities of our available-for-sale securities are included in the table. However, given our intent to sell certain impaired securities, these securities are classified as current assets in our Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2024.
(2)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.
The below securities have been evaluated for credit impairment using criteria described within Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Financial Statements" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. The gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and are not deemed to be credit-related. We do not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that we would not be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The following tables present available-for-sale securities based on length of time in a gross unrealized loss position as of:
June 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$119,642 $909 $256,352 $11,831 $375,994 $12,740 611 
Collateralized debt obligations32,909 64 30,379 802 63,288 866 116 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities33,653 316 29,248 3,820 62,901 4,136 153 
Residential mortgage-backed securities12,704 308 112,051 16,682 124,755 16,990 166 
Other debt securities6,055 97 6,659 519 12,714 616 37 
U.S. Treasury1,025 18 0 0 1,025 18 1 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$185,665 $1,371 $399,444 $30,785 $585,109 $32,156 691 
Non-investment grade20,323 341 35,245 2,869 55,568 3,210 393 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 


December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$50,853 $546 $338,322 $15,999 $389,175 $16,545 590 
Collateralized debt obligations3,911 15 87,005 2,073 90,916 2,088 142 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities9,148 157 30,145 4,552 39,293 4,709 108 
Residential mortgage-backed securities30,271 297 101,761 13,350 132,032 13,647 164 
Other debt securities2,084 62 7,475 626 9,559 688 32 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$87,774 $807 $517,090 $32,511 $604,864 $33,318 651 
Non-investment grade8,493 270 47,618 4,089 56,111 4,359 385 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Credit loss allowances
The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities and financing receivables:
Three months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$575 $2,167 $11,253 $957 
Provision and recoveries79 0 185 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs(151)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$597 $0 $11,081 $957 
   Provision and recoveries243 2,167 357 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(337)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$348 $— $3,709 $957 
Provision and recoveries22 — 27 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs0 — 0 0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$249 $— $3,775 $957 
   Provision and recoveries223 — 59 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(102)— (98)0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 


Net investment income
Investment income (loss), net of expenses, was generated from the following portfolios:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities$12,107 $10,534 $23,720 $20,367 
Equity securities1,199 1,084 2,417 2,099 
Limited partnerships (1)
(264)40 261 (10,712)
Cash equivalents and other3,389 1,922 6,337 4,027 
Total investment income16,431 13,580 32,735 15,781 
Less: investment expenses421 45 822 63 
Net investment income$16,010 $13,535 $31,913 $15,718 
(1)Limited partnership (losses) income include both realized gains (losses) and unrealized valuation changes. Our limited partnership investments are included in the line item "Other assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. We have made no new significant limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:  
Gross realized gains$417 $100 $687 $306 
Gross realized losses(2,792)(2,196)(3,324)(4,021)
Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities(2,375)(2,096)(2,637)(3,715)
Equity securities580 359 2,695 (3,304)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains$(1,795)$(1,737)$58 $(7,019)


The portion of net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period related to equity securities held at the reporting date is calculated as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Equity securities:
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period$580 $359 $2,695 $(3,304)
Less: net gains (losses) recognized on securities sold116 (78)330 (2,704)
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities held at reporting date$464 $437 $2,365 $(600)


Net impairment losses recognized in earnings
Impairments on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:
Intent to sell$(124)$(149)$(298)$(1,581)
Credit impaired(79)(22)(243)(223)
Total available-for-sale securities(203)(171)(541)(1,804)
Expected credit losses:
Held-to-maturity securities0 — (2,167)— 
Other loans receivable(185)0 (357)0 
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings$(388)$(171)$(3,065)$(1,804)


Securities lending transactions
As of June 30, 2024, the fair value of loaned securities, comprised of corporate debt securities, was $6.1 million and the related cash collateral received was $6.3 million, which was reinvested in cash equivalents and is included with "Cash and cash equivalents" in our Statement of Financial Position. There was no collateral that we are not permitted to sell or repledge and there are no securities lending transactions that extend beyond one year from the reporting date.

If we have to return cash collateral on short notice, we may have difficulty selling investments in a timely manner, be forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize, or both. In addition, in the event of such forced sale, for securities in an unrealized loss position, realized losses would be incurred on securities sold and impairments would be incurred, if there is a need to sell securities prior to recovery, which may negatively impact our financial condition.
v3.24.2
Bank Line of Credit
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Bank Line of Credit Bank Line of Credit
 
We have access to a $100 million bank revolving line of credit with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit that expires on October 29, 2026. As of June 30, 2024, a total of $99.2 million remains available under the facility due to $0.8 million outstanding letters of credit, which reduce the availability for letters of credit to $24.2 million. We had no borrowings outstanding on our line of credit as of June 30, 2024. Investments with a fair value of $117.0 million were pledged as collateral on the line of credit at June 30, 2024. These investments have no trading restrictions and are reported as available-for-sale securities and cash and cash equivalents on our Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2024. The bank requires compliance with certain covenants, which include leverage ratios and debt restrictions.  We are in compliance with all covenants at June 30, 2024.
v3.24.2
Postretirement Benefits
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Postretirement Benefits Postretirement Benefits
 
Pension plans
Our pension plans consist of a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees and an unfunded supplemental employee retirement plan ("SERP") for certain members of executive and senior management. The pension plan provides benefits to covered individuals satisfying certain age and service requirements. The defined benefit pension plan and SERP each provide benefits through a final average earnings formula.

Although we are the sponsor of these postretirement plans and record the funded status of these plans, there are reimbursements between us and the Exchange and its subsidiaries for their allocated share of pension income or cost. These reimbursements represent pension benefits for employees performing administrative services and an allocated share of plan (income) cost for employees in departments that support the administrative functions. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we reimbursed the Exchange and its subsidiaries for approximately 60% of the annual defined benefit pension income and 34% of the annual SERP income. For our funded pension plan, amounts are settled in cash for the portion of pension (income) cost allocated to the Exchange and its subsidiaries. For our unfunded SERP, we pay the obligations when due and amounts are settled in cash between entities when there is a payout.

Our defined benefit pension plan funding policy is generally to contribute an amount equal to the greater of the target normal cost for the plan year, or the amount necessary to fund the plan to 100%. Accordingly, we made a $33 million contribution in January 2024. The funded pension plan net benefit asset is presented separately from the unfunded plan as a non-current asset on our Statements of Financial Position.

Pension plan income includes the following components:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Service cost for benefits earned$8,641 $7,191 $17,292 $14,382 
Interest cost on benefit obligation13,163 12,548 26,308 25,096 
Expected return on plan assets(20,198)(17,217)(40,396)(34,435)
Prior service cost amortization397 361 786 723 
Net actuarial gain amortization(1,734)(3,832)(3,485)(7,665)
Settlement gain (1)
(1,030)— (1,279)— 
Pension plan income (2)
$(761)$(949)$(774)$(1,899)
(1)Settlement accounting was required due to lump sum payments made under the SERP to three former officers in 2024.
(2)Pension plan income represents total plan income before reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries. The components of pension plan income other than the service cost components are included in the line item "Other income" in the Statements of Operations, net of reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries.
v3.24.2
Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
 
Income tax expense is provided on an interim basis based upon our estimate of the annual effective income tax rate, adjusted each quarter for discrete items. Our effective tax rate was 20.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 21.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.
v3.24.2
Capital Stock
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]  
Capital Stock Capital Stock
 
Class A and B common stock
Holders of Class B shares may, at their option, convert their shares into Class A shares at the rate of 2,400 Class A shares per Class B share.  There were no shares of Class B common stock converted into Class A common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. There is no provision for conversion of Class A shares into Class B shares, and Class B shares surrendered for conversion cannot be reissued.

Stock repurchases
In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program of $150 million, with no time limitation.  There were no shares repurchased under this program during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023. We had approximately $17.8 million of repurchase authority remaining under this program at June 30, 2024.
v3.24.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss) by component, including amounts reclassified to other comprehensive income ("OCI") (loss) and the related line item in the Statements of Operations where net income is presented, are as follows:
Three months endedThree months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(32,356)$(6,795)$(25,561)$(53,287)$(11,190)$(42,097)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(627)(132)(495)(4,477)(940)(3,537)
Realized investment losses2,375 499 1,876 2,096 440 1,656 
Impairment losses203 43 160 171 36 135 
OCI (loss)1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$13,077 $2,746 $10,331 $53,715 $11,280 $42,435 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs397 83 314 361 76 285 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(1,734)(364)(1,370)(3,832)(805)(3,027)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(19,279)$(4,049)$(15,230)$428 $90 $338 
Investment securities1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
Pension and other postretirement plans(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
OCI (loss)(2,396)(503)(1,893)(5,681)(1,193)(4,488)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
Six months endedSix months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(31,402)$(6,595)$(24,807)$(66,571)$(13,980)$(52,591)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(2,181)(458)(1,723)5,555 1,167 4,388 
Realized investment losses2,637 554 2,083 3,715 780 2,935 
Impairment losses541 114 427 1,804 379 1,425 
OCI997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$14,439 $3,032 $11,407 $57,186 $12,009 $45,177 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs786 165 621 723 152 571 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(3,485)(732)(2,753)(7,665)(1,610)(6,055)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(16,963)$(3,563)$(13,400)$(9,385)$(1,971)$(7,414)
Investment securities997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
Pension and other postretirement plans(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
OCI (loss)(4,712)(989)(3,723)4,132 868 3,264 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
v3.24.2
Concentrations of Credit Risk
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]  
Concentrations of Credit Risk Concentrations of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments could potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk, including our unsecured receivables from the Exchange. The majority of our revenue and receivables are from the Exchange and its affiliates. See also Note 1, "Nature of Operations". Net management fee amounts and other reimbursements due from the Exchange and its affiliates were $708.2 million and $625.3 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which includes a current expected credit loss allowance of $0.6 million in both periods.
v3.24.2
Commitments and Contingencies
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
 
We have an agreement with a bank for an agent loan participation program. The maximum amount of loans to be funded through this program is $150 million. We have committed to fund a minimum of 30% of each loan executed through this program. As of June 30, 2024, outstanding loans executed under this agreement totaled $55.9 million, of which our portion of the loans is $18.8 million. Additionally, we have agreed to guarantee a portion of the funding provided by the other participants in the program in the event of default. As of June 30, 2024, our maximum potential amount of future payments on the guaranteed portion is $7.5 million. All loan payments under the participation program are current as of June 30, 2024.

We also have contingent obligations for guarantees related to certain real estate development projects supporting revitalization efforts in our community. As of June 30, 2024, our maximum potential obligation related to guarantees is $9.3 million.

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of conducting business.  In accordance with current accounting standards for loss contingencies and based upon information currently known to us, we establish reserves for litigation when it is probable that a loss associated with a claim or proceeding has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  When no amount within the range of loss is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount of the estimable loss.  To the extent that such litigation against us may have an exposure to a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued, we believe that such excess would not be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  Legal fees are expensed as incurred.  We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We review all litigation on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions.  For certain legal proceedings, we cannot reasonably estimate losses or a range of loss, if any, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where the plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages.  Various factors, including, but not limited to, the outcome of potentially lengthy discovery and the resolution of important factual questions, may need to be determined before probability can be established or before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter will continue to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable.  In the event that a legal proceeding results in a substantial judgment against, or settlement by, us, there can be no assurance that any resulting liability or financial commitment would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
v3.24.2
Subsequent Events
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events Subsequent Events
 
No items were identified in this period subsequent to the financial statement date that required adjustment or additional disclosure.
v3.24.2
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 26, 2024.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recently issued accounting standards and disclosure rules
Recently issued accounting standards and disclosure rules
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported period of profit or loss, and requires entities with a single reporting segment to provide all disclosures required by Topic 280. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The update is required to be applied retrospectively to prior periods presented in the financial statements, based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which requires entities to disclose specific categories in an effective tax rate reconciliation, additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, and certain information about income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. This will have no impact on our financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors", requiring registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports. The final rules include disclosure of climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on a registrant’s business, results of operations or financial condition. Disclosures related to significant effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions and amounts related to carbon offsets and renewable energy credits or certificates are required in the financial statements in certain circumstances. Disclosure requirements will phase in for fiscal years beginning in 2025 and be applied prospectively upon adoption. On April 4, 2024, the SEC determined to voluntarily stay the final rules pending ongoing litigation. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our disclosures.
Other assets
Other assets
Other assets primarily include limited partnership investments, other loans receivable, held-to-maturity securities, operating lease assets and other long-term prepaid assets. Limited partnership investments are recorded using the equity method of accounting. Other loans receivable include loans issued to fund real estate development projects supporting revitalization efforts in our community. The loans are carried at unpaid principal balance, including any paid-in-kind interest capitalized as additional principal, if applicable, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. Any current portion of other loans receivable is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, net of a current expected credit loss allowance. The allowances are calculated using the estimated value of, and priority rights to, collateral in the event of default or external loss rates based on comparable losses, and considers current market conditions and forecasted information. Changes to the allowances are recognized in earnings as adjustments to net impairment recoveries (losses) or other income (expense) depending on the nature of the asset. Interest on other loans receivable and held-to-maturity securities is recorded primarily in investment income as earned.
Securities lending
Securities lending
Beginning in May 2024 we entered into securities lending transactions, managed by a third-party banking institution, whereby securities are loaned to unaffiliated financial institutions for short periods of time. The securities lending activity is accounted for as a secured borrowing and therefore the securities loaned, primarily fixed maturity securities, are carried as invested assets on our Statement of Financial Position, while the obligation to return the collateral is recorded as a current liability. The cash collateral received at the inception of the loan is reinvested and the related income is recognized in net investment income. Noncash collateral is not recorded in the Statements of Financial Position, as we do not have the right to sell, pledge, or otherwise reinvest the noncash collateral. Collateral received can only be accessed by us if the institution borrowing the securities is in default.

The collateral is required to equal a minimum of 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, and maintained at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. We monitor the ratio of the collateral held to the estimated fair value of the securities loaned on a daily basis and obtain additional collateral as necessary. A securities lending transaction may be terminated at any time by the borrower or the lender. If terminated, we would repay our securities lending obligations from the sale of reinvested collateral or the proceeds of sales from our investment portfolio, which includes liquid securities.
Revenue
The majority of our revenue is derived from the subscriber’s agreement between us and the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange. In accordance with the subscriber’s agreement, we retain a management fee calculated as a percentage, not to exceed 25%, of all direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange. We allocate a portion of our management fee revenue, currently 25% of the direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange, between the two performance obligations we have under the subscriber’s agreement. The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, and the second is to act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange, as well as the service provider for the Exchange's insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative services reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policyholders cancel their insurance coverage mid-term and premiums are refunded to them. The constraining estimate is determined using the expected value method, based on both historical and current information. The estimated transaction price, as reduced by the constraint, reflects consideration expected for performance of our services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price.

The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services that result in executed insurance policies between the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries and the subscriber (policyholder). The subscriber (policyholder) receives economic benefits when substantially all the policy issuance or renewal services are complete and an insurance policy is issued or renewed by the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries. It is at the time of policy issuance or renewal that the allocated portion of revenue is recognized.
Consistent with its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through the subscribers' attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange with respect to its administrative services as enumerated in the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Collectively, these services represent a second performance obligation under the subscriber’s agreement and the service agreements. The revenue allocated to this performance obligation is recognized over a four-year period representing the time over which these services are provided. The portion of revenue not yet earned is recorded as a contract liability in the Statements of Financial Position. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.
Indemnity records a receivable from the Exchange for management fee revenue when the premium is written or assumed from affiliates by the Exchange. Indemnity collects the management fee from the Exchange when the Exchange collects the premiums from the subscribers (policyholders). As the Exchange issues policies with annual terms only, cash collections generally occur within one year.
Earnings per share
Class A and Class B basic earnings per share and Class B diluted earnings per share are calculated under the two-class method. The two-class method allocates earnings to each class of stock based upon its dividend rights.  Class B shares are convertible into Class A shares at a conversion ratio of 2,400 to 1. See Note 10, "Capital Stock".

Class A diluted earnings per share is calculated under the if-converted method, which reflects the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares. Diluted earnings per share calculations include the dilutive effect of assumed issuance of stock-based awards under compensation plans that have the option to be paid in stock using the treasury stock method.
Financial instruments carried at fair value
Financial instruments carried at fair value
Our available-for-sale and equity securities are recorded at fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between willing market participants as of the measurement date.
 
Valuation techniques used to derive the fair value of our available-for-sale and equity securities are based upon observable and unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources.  Unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions regarding fair market value for these securities.  Financial instruments are categorized based upon the following characteristics or inputs to the valuation techniques:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
 
Estimates of fair values for our investment portfolio are obtained primarily from a nationally recognized pricing service.  Our Level 1 securities are valued using an exchange traded price provided by the pricing service. Pricing service valuations for Level 2 securities include multiple verifiable, observable inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.  Pricing service valuations for Level 3 securities are based upon proprietary models and are used when observable inputs are not available or in illiquid markets.
 
Although virtually all of our prices are obtained from third party sources, we also perform internal pricing reviews, including evaluating the methodology and inputs used to ensure that we determine the proper classification level of the financial instrument and reviewing securities with price changes that vary significantly from current market conditions or independent price sources.  Price variances are investigated and corroborated by market data and transaction volumes. We have reviewed the pricing methodologies of our pricing service as well as other observable inputs and believe that the prices adequately consider market activity in determining fair value. 

In limited circumstances we adjust the price received from the pricing service when, in our judgment, a better reflection of fair value is available based upon corroborating information and our knowledge and monitoring of market conditions such as a disparity in price of comparable securities and/or non-binding broker quotes.  In other circumstances, certain securities are internally priced because prices are not provided by the pricing service.
 
When a price from the pricing service is not available, values are determined by obtaining broker/dealer quotes and/or market comparables. When available, we obtain multiple quotes for the same security. The ultimate value for these securities is determined based upon our best estimate of fair value using corroborating market information. As of June 30, 2024, nearly all of our available-for-sale and equity securities were priced using a third party pricing service.
Fair value of financial instruments, transfers between levels
We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Transfers between hierarchy levels may occur due to changes in available market observable inputs.
Investments The below securities have been evaluated for credit impairment using criteria described within Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Financial Statements" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. The gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and are not deemed to be credit-related. We do not have the intent to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that we would not be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost basis.
Commitments and contingencies
We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of conducting business.  In accordance with current accounting standards for loss contingencies and based upon information currently known to us, we establish reserves for litigation when it is probable that a loss associated with a claim or proceeding has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  When no amount within the range of loss is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount of the estimable loss.  To the extent that such litigation against us may have an exposure to a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued, we believe that such excess would not be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  Legal fees are expensed as incurred.  We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We review all litigation on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions.  For certain legal proceedings, we cannot reasonably estimate losses or a range of loss, if any, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where the plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages.  Various factors, including, but not limited to, the outcome of potentially lengthy discovery and the resolution of important factual questions, may need to be determined before probability can be established or before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.  If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter will continue to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable.  In the event that a legal proceeding results in a substantial judgment against, or settlement by, us, there can be no assurance that any resulting liability or financial commitment would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
v3.24.2
Revenue (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Performance Obligation
The following table disaggregates revenue by our two performance obligations:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services$760,886 $633,339 $1,426,572 $1,191,429 
Management fee revenue - administrative services17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825 
Administrative services reimbursement revenue206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293 
Total revenue from administrative services$223,079 $200,102 $431,580 $388,118 
v3.24.2
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Reconciliation of the Numerators and Denominators Used in the Basic and Diluted Per-Share Computations
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted per-share computations is presented as follows for each class of common stock: 
Three months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$162,561 46,189,042 $3.52 $116,887 46,189,026 $2.53 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 15,457 — 0 10,148 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares1,342 6,100,800 — 965 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$163,903 52,305,299 $3.13 $117,852 52,299,974 $2.25 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$1,342 2,542 $528 $965 2,542 $380 
Six months ended June 30,
20242023
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)Allocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amountAllocated net income (numerator)Weighted shares (denominator)Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders$286,093 46,189,028 $6.19 $202,422 46,188,923 $4.38 
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards0 13,723 — 0 8,575 — 
Assumed conversion of Class B shares2,362 6,100,800 — 1,671 6,100,800 — 
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares
$288,455 52,303,551 $5.52 $204,093 52,298,298 $3.90 
Class B – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,362 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 
Class B – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders$2,361 2,542 $929 $1,671 2,542 $657 
v3.24.2
Fair Value (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis by Asset Class and Level of Input
The following tables present our fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input as of: 
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$612,049 $0 $603,506 $8,543 
Collateralized debt obligations111,857 0 111,857 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities123,013 0 97,793 25,220 
Residential mortgage-backed securities127,991 0 127,991 0 
Other debt securities24,449 0 24,449 0 
U.S. Treasury1,025 0 1,025 0 
Total available-for-sale securities1,000,384 0 966,621 33,763 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector65,321 1,537 58,350 5,434 
Utilities sector5,543 0 5,543 0 
Energy sector3,689 0 3,689 0 
Consumer sector3,885 0 2,321 1,564 
Technology sector1,500 0 0 1,500 
Industrial sector190 0 190 0 
Total equity securities80,128 1,537 70,093 8,498 
Total$1,080,512 $1,537 $1,036,714 $42,261 
(1)This includes $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$588,688 $0 $584,182 $4,506 
Collateralized debt obligations112,468 0 112,468 0 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities102,720 0 91,726 10,994 
Residential mortgage-backed securities140,055 0 138,521 1,534 
Other debt securities17,310 0 17,310 0 
Total available-for-sale securities961,241 0 944,207 17,034 
Equity securities:
Financial services sector69,900 816 63,750 5,334 
Utilities sector5,810 0 5,810 0 
Energy sector3,901 0 3,901 0 
Consumer sector3,915 0 2,415 1,500 
Technology sector500 0 0 500 
Industrial sector180 0 180 0 
Communications sector47 47 0 0 
Total equity securities84,253 863 76,056 7,334 
Total$1,045,494 $863 $1,020,263 $24,368 
Schedule of Roll Forward of Level 3 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
Level 3 Assets – 2024 Quarterly Change:

(in thousands) 		Beginning balance at March 31, 2024
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:        
Corporate debt securities$3,908 $22 $(20)$4,496 $(521)$2,202 $(1,544)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 14,577 (415)125 210 (5)11,643 (915)25,220 
Total available-for-sale securities18,485 (393)105 4,706 (526)13,845 (2,459)33,763 
Equity securities7,968 61 — 1,019 (84)520 (986)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$26,453 $(332)$105 $5,725 $(610)$14,365 $(3,445)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2024 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2024
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,506 $25 $21 $4,839 $(823)$3,824 $(3,849)$8,543 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,994 (669)219 1,805 (5)17,648 (4,772)25,220 
Residential mortgage- backed securities1,534 (5)(24)0 (40)0 (1,465)0 
Total available-for-sale securities17,034 (649)216 6,644 (868)21,472 (10,086)33,763 
Equity securities7,334 147 — 2,019 (84)544 (1,462)8,498 
Total Level 3 securities$24,368 $(502)$216 $8,663 $(952)$22,016 $(11,548)$42,261 

Level 3 Assets – 2023 Quarterly Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at March 31, 2023
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$4,503 $14 $37 $779 $(100)$1,655 $(1,765)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities6,415 (169)(117)866 (185)329 (606)6,533 
Residential mortgage- backed securities33 0 0 0 (21)0 0 12 
Total available-for-sale securities10,951 (155)(80)1,645 (306)1,984 (2,371)11,668 
Equity securities4,699 31 — 0 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$15,650 $(124)$(80)$1,645 $(306)$1,984 $(2,371)$16,398 
Level 3 Assets – 2023 Year-to-Date Change:
(in thousands)Beginning balance at December 31, 2022
Included in earnings(1)
Included
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)		PurchasesSales
Transfers into
Level 3(2)
Transfers out of Level 3(2)
Ending balance at June 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$3,686 $(14)$122 $1,532 $(745)$3,153 $(2,611)$5,123 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities10,910 (360)100 1,455 (185)466 (5,853)6,533 
Residential mortgage-backed securities4,184 (5)96 0 (108)33 (4,188)12 
Total available-for-sale securities18,780 (379)318 2,987 (1,038)3,652 (12,652)11,668 
Equity securities3,779 (7)— 958 0 0 0 4,730 
Total Level 3 securities$22,559 $(386)$318 $3,945 $(1,038)$3,652 $(12,652)$16,398 
(1)These amounts are reported as net investment income and net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) for each of the periods presented above.
(2)Transfers into and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
Schedule of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
The following table presents the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy that are recorded at carrying value as of:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Carrying valueFair valueCarrying valueFair value
Agent loans, net $66,280 $60,361 $67,787 $66,445 
Other loans receivable, net (1)
10,968 10,968 10,713 10,713 
Held-to-maturity securities, net (2)
4,833 4,833 — — 
(1)    The current and long-term portions of other loans receivable are included in the line items "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "Other assets, net", respectively, in the Statements of Financial Position.
(2)    Held-to-maturity securities are included in the line item "Other assets, net" in the Statement of Financial Position.
v3.24.2
Investments (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Reconciliation of Cost to Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value, net of credit loss allowance, of our fixed maturity securities as of:
June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities (1)
$621,229 $3,560 $12,740 $612,049 
Collateralized debt obligations112,450 273 866 111,857 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities126,163 986 4,136 123,013 
Residential mortgage-backed securities144,923 58 16,990 127,991 
Other debt securities24,885 180 616 24,449 
U.S. Treasury1,043 0 18 1,025 
Total available-for-sale securities, net1,030,693 5,057 35,366 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - states & political subdivisions4,833 0 0 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $5,057 $35,366 $1,005,217 
(1)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.

December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesEstimated fair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities$600,639 $4,594 $16,545 $588,688 
Collateralized debt obligations114,400 156 2,088 112,468 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities106,019 1,410 4,709 102,720 
Residential mortgage-backed securities153,633 69 13,647 140,055 
Other debt securities17,862 136 688 17,310 
Total available-for-sale securities, net$992,553 $6,365 $37,677 $961,241 
Schedule of Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities by Remaining Contractual Term to Maturity
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities at June 30, 2024 are shown below by remaining contractual term to maturity.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

June 30, 2024
AmortizedEstimated
(in thousands)costfair value
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in one year or less$47,471 $46,768 
Due after one year through five years441,071 433,520 
Due after five years through ten years189,349 188,453 
Due after ten years352,802 331,643 
Total available-for-sale securities, net (1) (2)
1,030,693 1,000,384 
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years4,833 4,833 
Total fixed maturity securities, net$1,035,526 $1,005,217 
(1)The contractual maturities of our available-for-sale securities are included in the table. However, given our intent to sell certain impaired securities, these securities are classified as current assets in our Statement of Financial Position at June 30, 2024.
(2)This includes an estimated fair value of $6.1 million of securities lent under a securities lending agreement.
Schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position by Length of Time
The following tables present available-for-sale securities based on length of time in a gross unrealized loss position as of:
June 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$119,642 $909 $256,352 $11,831 $375,994 $12,740 611 
Collateralized debt obligations32,909 64 30,379 802 63,288 866 116 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities33,653 316 29,248 3,820 62,901 4,136 153 
Residential mortgage-backed securities12,704 308 112,051 16,682 124,755 16,990 166 
Other debt securities6,055 97 6,659 519 12,714 616 37 
U.S. Treasury1,025 18 0 0 1,025 18 1 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$185,665 $1,371 $399,444 $30,785 $585,109 $32,156 691 
Non-investment grade20,323 341 35,245 2,869 55,568 3,210 393 
Total available-for-sale securities$205,988 $1,712 $434,689 $33,654 $640,677 $35,366 1,084 


December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
(dollars in thousands)Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		Fair
value		Unrealized
losses		No. of
holdings
Corporate debt securities$50,853 $546 $338,322 $15,999 $389,175 $16,545 590 
Collateralized debt obligations3,911 15 87,005 2,073 90,916 2,088 142 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities9,148 157 30,145 4,552 39,293 4,709 108 
Residential mortgage-backed securities30,271 297 101,761 13,350 132,032 13,647 164 
Other debt securities2,084 62 7,475 626 9,559 688 32 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade$87,774 $807 $517,090 $32,511 $604,864 $33,318 651 
Non-investment grade8,493 270 47,618 4,089 56,111 4,359 385 
Total available-for-sale securities$96,267 $1,077 $564,708 $36,600 $660,975 $37,677 1,036 
Schedule of Allowances for Credit Losses on Fixed Maturity Securities and Financing Receivables
The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities and financing receivables:
Three months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$575 $2,167 $11,253 $957 
Provision and recoveries79 0 185 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs(151)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2024
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$597 $0 $11,081 $957 
   Provision and recoveries243 2,167 357 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(337)0 0 0 
Balance, end of period$503 $2,167 $11,438 $957 

Three months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$348 $— $3,709 $957 
Provision and recoveries22 — 27 0 
Sales/collections and write-offs0 — 0 0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 

Six months ended June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Available-for-sale securitiesHeld-to-maturity securitiesOther loans receivableAgent loans
Balance, beginning of period$249 $— $3,775 $957 
   Provision and recoveries223 — 59 0 
   Sales/collections and write-offs(102)— (98)0 
Balance, end of period$370 $— $3,736 $957 
Schedule of Investment Income (Loss), Net of Expenses
Investment income (loss), net of expenses, was generated from the following portfolios:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities$12,107 $10,534 $23,720 $20,367 
Equity securities1,199 1,084 2,417 2,099 
Limited partnerships (1)
(264)40 261 (10,712)
Cash equivalents and other3,389 1,922 6,337 4,027 
Total investment income16,431 13,580 32,735 15,781 
Less: investment expenses421 45 822 63 
Net investment income$16,010 $13,535 $31,913 $15,718 
(1)Limited partnership (losses) income include both realized gains (losses) and unrealized valuation changes. Our limited partnership investments are included in the line item "Other assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. We have made no new significant limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.
Schedule of Net Realized and Unrealized Investment (Losses) Gains
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:  
Gross realized gains$417 $100 $687 $306 
Gross realized losses(2,792)(2,196)(3,324)(4,021)
Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities(2,375)(2,096)(2,637)(3,715)
Equity securities580 359 2,695 (3,304)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains$(1,795)$(1,737)$58 $(7,019)


The portion of net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period related to equity securities held at the reporting date is calculated as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Equity securities:
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period$580 $359 $2,695 $(3,304)
Less: net gains (losses) recognized on securities sold116 (78)330 (2,704)
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities held at reporting date$464 $437 $2,365 $(600)
Schedule of Impairments on Investments
Impairments on investments were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Available-for-sale securities:
Intent to sell$(124)$(149)$(298)$(1,581)
Credit impaired(79)(22)(243)(223)
Total available-for-sale securities(203)(171)(541)(1,804)
Expected credit losses:
Held-to-maturity securities0 — (2,167)— 
Other loans receivable(185)0 (357)0 
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings$(388)$(171)$(3,065)$(1,804)
v3.24.2
Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Pension Plan Income
Pension plan income includes the following components:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)2024202320242023
Service cost for benefits earned$8,641 $7,191 $17,292 $14,382 
Interest cost on benefit obligation13,163 12,548 26,308 25,096 
Expected return on plan assets(20,198)(17,217)(40,396)(34,435)
Prior service cost amortization397 361 786 723 
Net actuarial gain amortization(1,734)(3,832)(3,485)(7,665)
Settlement gain (1)
(1,030)— (1,279)— 
Pension plan income (2)
$(761)$(949)$(774)$(1,899)
(1)Settlement accounting was required due to lump sum payments made under the SERP to three former officers in 2024.
(2)Pension plan income represents total plan income before reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries. The components of pension plan income other than the service cost components are included in the line item "Other income" in the Statements of Operations, net of reimbursements between Indemnity and the Exchange and its subsidiaries.
v3.24.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component, Including Amounts Reclassified to Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and the Related Line Item in the Statements of Operations Where Net Income is Presented
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss) by component, including amounts reclassified to other comprehensive income ("OCI") (loss) and the related line item in the Statements of Operations where net income is presented, are as follows:
Three months endedThree months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(32,356)$(6,795)$(25,561)$(53,287)$(11,190)$(42,097)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(627)(132)(495)(4,477)(940)(3,537)
Realized investment losses2,375 499 1,876 2,096 440 1,656 
Impairment losses203 43 160 171 36 135 
OCI (loss)1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$13,077 $2,746 $10,331 $53,715 $11,280 $42,435 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs397 83 314 361 76 285 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(1,734)(364)(1,370)(3,832)(805)(3,027)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(19,279)$(4,049)$(15,230)$428 $90 $338 
Investment securities1,951 410 1,541 (2,210)(464)(1,746)
Pension and other postretirement plans(4,347)(913)(3,434)(3,471)(729)(2,742)
OCI (loss)(2,396)(503)(1,893)(5,681)(1,193)(4,488)
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
Six months endedSix months ended
June 30, 2024June 30, 2023
(in thousands)Before TaxIncome TaxNetBefore TaxIncome TaxNet
Investment securities:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(31,402)$(6,595)$(24,807)$(66,571)$(13,980)$(52,591)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(2,181)(458)(1,723)5,555 1,167 4,388 
Realized investment losses2,637 554 2,083 3,715 780 2,935 
Impairment losses541 114 427 1,804 379 1,425 
OCI997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(30,405)$(6,385)$(24,020)$(55,497)$(11,654)$(43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI, beginning of period$14,439 $3,032 $11,407 $57,186 $12,009 $45,177 
OCI (loss) before reclassifications(1,731)(364)(1,367)— — — 
Amortization of prior service costs786 165 621 723 152 571 
Amortization of net actuarial gain(3,485)(732)(2,753)(7,665)(1,610)(6,055)
Settlement gain(1,279)(268)(1,011)— — — 
OCI (loss)(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
AOCI, end of period$8,730 $1,833 $6,897 $50,244 $10,551 $39,693 
Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period$(16,963)$(3,563)$(13,400)$(9,385)$(1,971)$(7,414)
Investment securities997 210 787 11,074 2,326 8,748 
Pension and other postretirement plans(5,709)(1,199)(4,510)(6,942)(1,458)(5,484)
OCI (loss)(4,712)(989)(3,723)4,132 868 3,264 
AOCI (loss), end of period$(21,675)$(4,552)$(17,123)$(5,253)$(1,103)$(4,150)
v3.24.2
Nature of Operations (Details)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
obligation
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Performance obligations under subscriber's agreement 2
v3.24.2
Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Securities lending agreements, requiring percentage, collateral 102.00%
Securities lending agreements, requiring collateral percentage, minimum 100.00%
v3.24.2
Revenue - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
obligation
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]        
Management fee rate as a percent of direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the exchange     25.00%  
Performance obligations under subscriber's agreement | obligation     2  
Revenue recognized | $ $ 11.9 $ 10.5 $ 26.9 $ 23.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-07-01        
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]        
Performance obligation, satisfaction period 4 years   4 years  
v3.24.2
Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue by Performance Obligation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue $ 990,438 $ 839,870 $ 1,871,139 $ 1,592,335
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 760,886 633,339 1,426,572 1,191,429
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services | Transferred At Point in Time        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 760,886 633,339 1,426,572 1,191,429
Administrative services | Transferred Over Time        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 223,079 200,102 431,580 388,118
Management fee revenue - administrative services        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825
Management fee revenue - administrative services | Transferred Over Time        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 17,051 15,636 33,985 30,825
Administrative services reimbursement revenue        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue 206,028 184,466 397,595 357,293
Administrative services reimbursement revenue | Transferred Over Time        
Disaggregation of revenue by performance obligation        
Revenue $ 206,028 $ 184,466 $ 397,595 $ 357,293
v3.24.2
Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details)
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Class B common stock    
Reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted per-share computations    
Ratio for converting shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock 2,400 2,400
v3.24.2
Earnings Per Share - Reconciliation of the Numerators and Denominators Used in the Basic and Diluted Per-Share Computations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Class A common stock        
Income available to stockholders (Basic EPS)        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 162,561 $ 116,887 $ 286,093 $ 202,422
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 46,189,042 46,189,026 46,189,028 46,188,923
Per-share amount (in dollars per share) $ 3.52 $ 2.53 $ 6.19 $ 4.38
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 15,457 10,148 13,723 8,575
Assumed conversion of Class B shares        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 1,342 $ 965 $ 2,362 $ 1,671
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 6,100,800 6,100,800 6,100,800 6,100,800
Income available to stockholders on equivalent shares (Diluted EPS)        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 163,903 $ 117,852 $ 288,455 $ 204,093
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 52,305,299 52,299,974 52,303,551 52,298,298
Per-share amount (in dollars per share) $ 3.13 $ 2.25 $ 5.52 $ 3.90
Class B common stock        
Income available to stockholders (Basic EPS)        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 1,342 $ 965 $ 2,362 $ 1,671
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542
Per-share amount (in dollars per share) $ 528 $ 380 $ 929 $ 657
Income available to stockholders on equivalent shares (Diluted EPS)        
Allocated net income (numerator) $ 1,342 $ 965 $ 2,361 $ 1,671
Weighted shares (denominator) (in shares) 2,542 2,542 2,542 2,542
Per-share amount (in dollars per share) $ 528 $ 380 $ 929 $ 657
v3.24.2
Fair Value - Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis by Asset Class and Level of Input (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,000,384  
Fair value of loaned securities 6,125 $ 0
Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 1,000,384 961,241
Corporate debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 612,049 588,688
Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 111,857 112,468
Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 123,013 102,720
Residential mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 127,991 140,055
Other debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 24,449 17,310
U.S. Treasury    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 1,025  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total 1,080,512 1,045,494
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 1,000,384 961,241
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Corporate debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 612,049 588,688
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 111,857 112,468
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 123,013 102,720
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Residential mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 127,991 140,055
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Other debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 24,449 17,310
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | U.S. Treasury    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 1,025  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 80,128 84,253
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Financial services sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 65,321 69,900
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Utilities sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 5,543 5,810
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Energy sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 3,689 3,901
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Consumer sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 3,885 3,915
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Technology sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 1,500 500
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Industrial sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 190 180
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Equity securities | Communications sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities   47
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total 1,537 863
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Corporate debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Residential mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Other debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | U.S. Treasury    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 1,537 863
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Financial services sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 1,537 816
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Utilities sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Energy sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Consumer sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Technology sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Industrial sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 1 | Equity securities | Communications sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities   47
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total 1,036,714 1,020,263
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 966,621 944,207
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Corporate debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 603,506 584,182
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 111,857 112,468
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 97,793 91,726
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Residential mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 127,991 138,521
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Other debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 24,449 17,310
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | U.S. Treasury    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 1,025  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 70,093 76,056
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Financial services sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 58,350 63,750
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Utilities sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 5,543 5,810
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Energy sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 3,689 3,901
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Consumer sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 2,321 2,415
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Technology sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Industrial sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 190 180
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 2 | Equity securities | Communications sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities   0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total 42,261 24,368
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 33,763 17,034
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Corporate debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 8,543 4,506
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 25,220 10,994
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Residential mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 1,534
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Other debt securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | U.S. Treasury    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total available-for-sale securities 0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 8,498 7,334
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Financial services sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 5,434 5,334
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Utilities sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Energy sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Consumer sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 1,564 1,500
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Technology sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities 1,500 500
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Industrial sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities $ 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring Basis | Level 3 | Equity securities | Communications sector    
Fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input    
Total equity securities   $ 0
v3.24.2
Fair Value - Level 3 Assets (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance $ 26,453 $ 15,650 $ 24,368 $ 22,559
Included in earnings (332) (124) (502) (386)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) 105 (80) 216 318
Purchases 5,725 1,645 8,663 3,945
Sales (610) (306) (952) (1,038)
Transfers into Level 3 14,365 1,984 22,016 3,652
Transfers out of Level 3 (3,445) (2,371) (11,548) (12,652)
Ending balance 42,261 16,398 42,261 16,398
Available-for-sale securities        
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance 18,485 10,951 17,034 18,780
Included in earnings (393) (155) (649) (379)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) 105 (80) 216 318
Purchases 4,706 1,645 6,644 2,987
Sales (526) (306) (868) (1,038)
Transfers into Level 3 13,845 1,984 21,472 3,652
Transfers out of Level 3 (2,459) (2,371) (10,086) (12,652)
Ending balance 33,763 11,668 33,763 11,668
Available-for-sale securities | Corporate debt securities        
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance 3,908 4,503 4,506 3,686
Included in earnings 22 14 25 (14)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) (20) 37 21 122
Purchases 4,496 779 4,839 1,532
Sales (521) (100) (823) (745)
Transfers into Level 3 2,202 1,655 3,824 3,153
Transfers out of Level 3 (1,544) (1,765) (3,849) (2,611)
Ending balance 8,543 5,123 8,543 5,123
Available-for-sale securities | Commercial mortgage-backed securities        
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance 14,577 6,415 10,994 10,910
Included in earnings (415) (169) (669) (360)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) 125 (117) 219 100
Purchases 210 866 1,805 1,455
Sales (5) (185) (5) (185)
Transfers into Level 3 11,643 329 17,648 466
Transfers out of Level 3 (915) (606) (4,772) (5,853)
Ending balance 25,220 6,533 25,220 6,533
Available-for-sale securities | Residential mortgage- backed securities        
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance   33 1,534 4,184
Included in earnings   0 (5) (5)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)   0 (24) 96
Purchases   0 0 0
Sales   (21) (40) (108)
Transfers into Level 3   0 0 33
Transfers out of Level 3   0 (1,465) (4,188)
Ending balance 0 12 0 12
Equity securities | Equity securities        
Roll forward of level 3 fair value measurements on a recurring basis        
Beginning balance 7,968 4,699 7,334 3,779
Included in earnings 61 31 147 (7)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) 0 0 0 0
Purchases 1,019 0 2,019 958
Sales (84) 0 (84) 0
Transfers into Level 3 520 0 544 0
Transfers out of Level 3 (986) 0 (1,462) 0
Ending balance $ 8,498 $ 4,730 $ 8,498 $ 4,730
v3.24.2
Fair Value - Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Held-to-maturity securities, net    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Carrying value $ 4,833  
Fair value 4,833  
Carrying value | Agent loans, net    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Carrying value 66,280 $ 67,787
Carrying value | Other loans receivable, net    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Carrying value 10,968 10,713
Carrying value | Held-to-maturity securities, net    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Carrying value 4,833 0
Fair value | Agent loans, net | Level 3 Fair Value    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Fair value 60,361 66,445
Fair value | Other loans receivable, net | Level 3 Fair Value    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Fair value 10,968 10,713
Fair value | Held-to-maturity securities, net | Level 3 Fair Value    
Carrying value and fair value measurements of financial instruments not carried at fair value    
Fair value $ 4,833 $ 0
v3.24.2
Investments - Cost and Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost $ 1,030,693  
Estimated fair value 1,000,384  
Held-to-maturity securities:    
Amortized cost 1,035,526  
Gross unrealized gains 5,057  
Gross unrealized losses 35,366  
Estimated fair value 1,005,217  
Fair value of loaned securities 6,125 $ 0
Corporate debt securities    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 621,229 600,639
Gross unrealized gains 3,560 4,594
Gross unrealized losses 12,740 16,545
Estimated fair value 612,049 588,688
Collateralized debt obligations    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 112,450 114,400
Gross unrealized gains 273 156
Gross unrealized losses 866 2,088
Estimated fair value 111,857 112,468
Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 126,163 106,019
Gross unrealized gains 986 1,410
Gross unrealized losses 4,136 4,709
Estimated fair value 123,013 102,720
Residential mortgage- backed securities    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 144,923 153,633
Gross unrealized gains 58 69
Gross unrealized losses 16,990 13,647
Estimated fair value 127,991 140,055
Other debt securities    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 24,885 17,862
Gross unrealized gains 180 136
Gross unrealized losses 616 688
Estimated fair value 24,449 17,310
U.S. Treasury    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 1,043  
Gross unrealized gains 0  
Gross unrealized losses 18  
Estimated fair value 1,025  
Available-for-sale securities    
Available-for-sale securities:    
Amortized cost 1,030,693 992,553
Gross unrealized gains 5,057 6,365
Gross unrealized losses 35,366 37,677
Estimated fair value 1,000,384 $ 961,241
Held-to-maturity securities    
Held-to-maturity securities:    
Amortized cost 4,833  
Gross unrealized gains 0  
Gross unrealized losses 0  
Estimated fair value $ 4,833  
v3.24.2
Investments - Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value, Net of Credit Loss Allowance, of Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized cost    
Due in one year or less $ 47,471  
Due after one year through five years 441,071  
Due after five years through ten years 189,349  
Due after ten years 352,802  
Amortized cost 1,030,693  
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost    
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years 4,833  
Available-for-sale securities, Estimated fair value    
Due in one year or less 46,768  
Due after one year through five years 433,520  
Due after five years through ten years 188,453  
Due after ten years 331,643  
Estimated fair value 1,000,384  
Held-to-maturity securities, Estimated fair value    
Held-to-maturity securities - due after ten years 4,833  
Amortized cost 1,035,526  
Estimated fair value 1,005,217  
Fair value of loaned securities $ 6,125 $ 0
v3.24.2
Investments - Available-For-Sale Securities in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position by Length of Time (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
holding
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
holding
Investment grade    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 185,665 $ 87,774
12 months or longer 399,444 517,090
Total 585,109 604,864
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 1,371 807
12 months or longer 30,785 32,511
Total $ 32,156 $ 33,318
No. of holdings | holding 691 651
Non-investment grade    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 20,323 $ 8,493
12 months or longer 35,245 47,618
Total 55,568 56,111
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 341 270
12 months or longer 2,869 4,089
Total $ 3,210 $ 4,359
No. of holdings | holding 393 385
Corporate debt securities    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 119,642 $ 50,853
12 months or longer 256,352 338,322
Total 375,994 389,175
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 909 546
12 months or longer 11,831 15,999
Total $ 12,740 $ 16,545
No. of holdings | holding 611 590
Collateralized debt obligations    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 32,909 $ 3,911
12 months or longer 30,379 87,005
Total 63,288 90,916
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 64 15
12 months or longer 802 2,073
Total $ 866 $ 2,088
No. of holdings | holding 116 142
Commercial mortgage-backed securities    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 33,653 $ 9,148
12 months or longer 29,248 30,145
Total 62,901 39,293
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 316 157
12 months or longer 3,820 4,552
Total $ 4,136 $ 4,709
No. of holdings | holding 153 108
Residential mortgage- backed securities    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 12,704 $ 30,271
12 months or longer 112,051 101,761
Total 124,755 132,032
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 308 297
12 months or longer 16,682 13,350
Total $ 16,990 $ 13,647
No. of holdings | holding 166 164
Other debt securities    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 6,055 $ 2,084
12 months or longer 6,659 7,475
Total 12,714 9,559
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 97 62
12 months or longer 519 626
Total $ 616 $ 688
No. of holdings | holding 37 32
U.S. Treasury    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 1,025  
12 months or longer 0  
Total 1,025  
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 18  
12 months or longer 0  
Total $ 18  
No. of holdings | holding 1  
Available-for-sale securities    
Fair value    
Less than 12 months $ 205,988 $ 96,267
12 months or longer 434,689 564,708
Total 640,677 660,975
Unrealized losses    
Less than 12 months 1,712 1,077
12 months or longer 33,654 36,600
Total $ 35,366 $ 37,677
No. of holdings | holding 1,084 1,036
v3.24.2
Investments - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]        
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ 575 $ 348 $ 597 $ 249
Provision and recoveries 79 22 243 223
Sales/collections and write-offs (151) 0 (337) (102)
Allowance for credit losses, end of period 503 370 503 370
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]        
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period 2,167 0 0 0
Provision and recoveries 0 0 2,167 0
Sales/collections and write-offs 0 0 0 0
Allowance for credit losses, end of period 2,167 0 2,167 0
Other loans receivable        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]        
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period 11,253 3,709 11,081 3,775
Provision and recoveries 185 27 357 59
Sales/collections and write-offs 0 0 0 (98)
Allowance for credit losses, end of period 11,438 3,736 11,438 3,736
Agent loans        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]        
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period 957 957 957 957
Provision and recoveries 0 0 0 0
Sales/collections and write-offs 0 0 0 0
Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ 957 $ 957 $ 957 $ 957
v3.24.2
Investments - Net Investment Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Investment income (loss) from portfolios        
Total investment income $ 16,431 $ 13,580 $ 32,735 $ 15,781
Less: investment expenses 421 45 822 63
Net investment income 16,010 13,535 31,913 15,718
Available-for-sale securities        
Investment income (loss) from portfolios        
Available-for-sale, equity securities, cash equivalents, and other 12,107 10,534 23,720 20,367
Equity securities        
Investment income (loss) from portfolios        
Available-for-sale, equity securities, cash equivalents, and other 1,199 1,084 2,417 2,099
Limited partnerships        
Investment income (loss) from portfolios        
Limited partnerships (264) 40 261 (10,712)
Cash equivalents and other        
Investment income (loss) from portfolios        
Available-for-sale, equity securities, cash equivalents, and other $ 3,389 $ 1,922 $ 6,337 $ 4,027
v3.24.2
Investments - Net Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Equity securities:        
Equity securities $ 580 $ 359 $ 2,695 $ (3,304)
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains (1,795) (1,737) 58 (7,019)
Available-for-sale securities        
Available-for-sale securities:        
Gross realized gains 417 100 687 306
Gross realized losses (2,792) (2,196) (3,324) (4,021)
Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities (2,375) (2,096) (2,637) (3,715)
Equity securities        
Equity securities:        
Equity securities $ 580 $ 359 $ 2,695 $ (3,304)
v3.24.2
Investments - Portion of Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized During the Reporting Period (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Equity securities:        
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period $ 580 $ 359 $ 2,695 $ (3,304)
Less: net gains (losses) recognized on securities sold 116 (78) 330 (2,704)
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized on securities held at reporting date $ 464 $ 437 $ 2,365 $ (600)
v3.24.2
Investments - Impairments on Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Schedule of Impairments [Line Items]        
Credit impaired $ 79 $ 22 $ 243 $ 223
Expected credit losses:        
Held-to-maturity securities 0 0 (2,167) 0
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings (388) (171) (3,065) (1,804)
Available-for-sale securities        
Schedule of Impairments [Line Items]        
Intent to sell (124) (149) (298) (1,581)
Credit impaired (79) (22) (243) (223)
Total available-for-sale securities (203) (171) (541) (1,804)
Held-to-maturity securities        
Expected credit losses:        
Held-to-maturity securities 0 0 (2,167) 0
Other loans receivable        
Expected credit losses:        
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings $ (185) $ 0 $ (357) $ 0
v3.24.2
Investments - Securities Lending Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments [Abstract]    
Fair value of loaned securities $ 6,125 $ 0
Fair value of cash collateral 6,300  
Collateral that is not permitted to be sold or repledged $ 0  
v3.24.2
Bank Line of Credit (Details) - Revolving line of credit
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Bank line of credit  
Maximum borrowing capacity under the bank revolving line of credit $ 100,000,000
Maximum letter of credit sublimit under the bank revolving line of credit 25,000,000
Available borrowing capacity under the bank revolving line of credit, due to outstanding letters of credit 99,200,000
Outstanding amount of letters of credit sublimit under the bank revolving line of credit 800,000
Available amount of letters of credit sublimit under the bank revolving line of credit 24,200,000
Borrowings outstanding under the bank revolving line of credit 0
Security owned and pledged as collateral, associated liabilities, fair value $ 117,000,000.0
v3.24.2
Postretirement Benefits - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Employee pension plan  
Postretirement Benefits  
Funding target (as a percentage of the funding target liability) 100.00%
Defined benefit plan, plan assets, contributions by employer $ 33
Erie Insurance Exchange | Employee pension plan  
Postretirement Benefits  
Postretirement annual benefit income reimbursed to the Exchange and its subsidiaries (as a percent) 60.00%
Erie Insurance Exchange | Supplemental employee retirement plan (SERP)  
Postretirement Benefits  
Postretirement annual benefit income reimbursed to the Exchange and its subsidiaries (as a percent) 34.00%
v3.24.2
Postretirement Benefits - Pension Plan Income (Details)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Participants
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Participants
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]        
Service cost for benefits earned $ 8,641 $ 7,191 $ 17,292 $ 14,382
Interest cost on benefit obligation 13,163 12,548 26,308 25,096
Expected return on plan assets (20,198) (17,217) (40,396) (34,435)
Prior service cost amortization 397 361 786 723
Net actuarial gain amortization (1,734) (3,832) (3,485) (7,665)
Settlement gain (1) (1,030) 0 (1,279) 0
Pension plan income $ (761) $ (949) $ (774) $ (1,899)
Defined benefit plan, net periodic benefit cost (credit) excluding service cost, statement of income or comprehensive income     Other income  
Settlement accounting, number of participants receiving lump sum payments | Participants 3   3  
v3.24.2
Income Taxes (Details)
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]        
Effective income tax rate (as a percent) 20.90% 21.00% 20.90% 21.00%
v3.24.2
Capital Stock - Class A and B Common Stock (Details) - Class B common stock
 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
shares
Common Stock    
Ratio for converting shares of Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock 2,400 2,400
Class B common stock shares converted into Class A common stock shares (in shares) 0 0
v3.24.2
Capital Stock - Stock Repurchases (Details) - Stock repurchase program - Class A common stock - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2011
Stock repurchases      
Amount of authorized stock repurchases approved for continuation under the current program     $ 150.0
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase program (in shares) 0 0  
Approximate amount of repurchase authority remaining under the current stock repurchase program $ 17.8    
v3.24.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Mar. 31, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period   $ (13,400)     $ (13,400)  
Investment securities, OCI (loss) $ 1,541   $ (1,746)   787 $ 8,748
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (3,434)   (2,742)   (4,510) (5,484)
OCI (loss) (1,893) (1,830) (4,488) $ 7,752 (3,723) 3,264
AOCI (loss), end of period (17,123)       (17,123)  
Total            
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (19,279) (16,963) 428 (9,385) (16,963) (9,385)
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 1,951   (2,210)   997 11,074
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (4,347)   (3,471)   (5,709) (6,942)
OCI (loss) (2,396)   (5,681)   (4,712) 4,132
AOCI (loss), end of period (21,675) (19,279) (5,253) 428 (21,675) (5,253)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (4,049) (3,563) 90 (1,971) (3,563) (1,971)
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 410   (464)   210 2,326
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (913)   (729)   (1,199) (1,458)
OCI (loss) (503)   (1,193)   (989) 868
AOCI (loss), end of period (4,552) (4,049) (1,103) 90 (4,552) (1,103)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (15,230) (13,400) 338 (7,414) (13,400) (7,414)
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 1,541   (1,746)   787 8,748
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (3,434)   (2,742)   (4,510) (5,484)
OCI (loss) (1,893) (1,830) (4,488) 7,752 (3,723) 3,264
AOCI (loss), end of period (17,123) (15,230) (4,150) 338 (17,123) (4,150)
Investment securities:            
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (32,356) (31,402) (53,287) (66,571) (31,402) (66,571)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (627)   (4,477)   (2,181) 5,555
Realized investment losses 2,375   2,096   2,637 3,715
Impairment losses 203   171   541 1,804
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 1,951   (2,210)   997 11,074
AOCI (loss), end of period (30,405) (32,356) (55,497) (53,287) (30,405) (55,497)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (6,795) (6,595) (11,190) (13,980) (6,595) (13,980)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (132)   (940)   (458) 1,167
Realized investment losses 499   440   554 780
Impairment losses 43   36   114 379
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 410   (464)   210 2,326
AOCI (loss), end of period (6,385) (6,795) (11,654) (11,190) (6,385) (11,654)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period (25,561) (24,807) (42,097) (52,591) (24,807) (52,591)
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (495)   (3,537)   (1,723) 4,388
Realized investment losses 1,876   1,656   2,083 2,935
Impairment losses 160   135   427 1,425
Investment securities, OCI (loss) 1,541   (1,746)   787 8,748
AOCI (loss), end of period (24,020) (25,561) (43,843) (42,097) (24,020) (43,843)
Pension and other postretirement plans:            
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period 13,077 14,439 53,715 57,186 14,439 57,186
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (1,731)   0   (1,731) 0
Amortization of prior service costs 397   361   786 723
Amortization of net actuarial gain (1,734)   (3,832)   (3,485) (7,665)
Settlement gain (1,279)   0   (1,279) 0
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (4,347)   (3,471)   (5,709) (6,942)
AOCI (loss), end of period 8,730 13,077 50,244 53,715 8,730 50,244
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period 2,746 3,032 11,280 12,009 3,032 12,009
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (364)   0   (364) 0
Amortization of prior service costs 83   76   165 152
Amortization of net actuarial gain (364)   (805)   (732) (1,610)
Settlement gain (268)   0   (268) 0
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (913)   (729)   (1,199) (1,458)
AOCI (loss), end of period 1,833 2,746 10,551 11,280 1,833 10,551
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax            
AOCI (loss), beginning of period 10,331 11,407 42,435 45,177 11,407 45,177
OCI (loss) before reclassifications (1,367)   0   (1,367) 0
Amortization of prior service costs 314   285   621 571
Amortization of net actuarial gain (1,370)   (3,027)   (2,753) (6,055)
Settlement gain (1,011)   0   (1,011) 0
Pension and other postretirement plans, OCI (loss) (3,434)   (2,742)   (4,510) (5,484)
AOCI (loss), end of period $ 6,897 $ 10,331 $ 39,693 $ 42,435 $ 6,897 $ 39,693
v3.24.2
Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net $ 708,171 $ 625,338
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange, allowance for credit loss 600 600
Affiliated Entity    
Concentration Risk [Line Items]    
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net $ 708,200 $ 625,300
v3.24.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Details)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Agent loans  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Minimum funding percentage of each loan 30.00%
Participation amount in loan program $ 18,800,000
Agent loans | Payment Guarantee  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Loan program, guaranteed amount 7,500,000
Agent loans | Third-Party Bank  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Amount of loan participation program 55,900,000
Other loans receivable | Payment Guarantee  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Loan program, guaranteed amount 9,300,000
Maximum | Agent loans | Third-Party Bank  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Amount of loan participation program $ 150,000,000
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