UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐ REGISTRATION
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒ ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to
_____________.
OR
☐ SHELL
COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report:
Commission file number: 001-41965
Semilux International Ltd.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
4F., No. 32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist.
Central Taiwan Science Park
Taichung City 42881
Taiwan
+886 04 2567 3281
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Yung-Peng Chang, Chief Executive Officer
4F., No. 32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist.
Central Taiwan Science Park
Taichung City 42881
Taiwan
+886 04 2567 3281
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number
and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | | Trading Symbol(s) | | Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered |
| Ordinary shares, par value of $0.0001 per share | | SELX | | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
The number of the issuer’s ordinary shares as of April 30, 2024
was 37,428,354 ordinary shares.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report,
indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large
accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated
filer ☐ Non-accelerated
filer ☒ Emerging growth
company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its
financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition
period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
| † | The term “new or revised
financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards
Codification after April 5, 2012. |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error
corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s
executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting
the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing
| ☒ U.S. GAAP | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International
Accounting Standards Board ☐ | Other ☐ |
If “Other” has been checked in response
to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ☐ Item
18 ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check
mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
CERTAIN INFORMATION
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise
requires, all references in this annual report to the terms “Semilux,” the Company,” “us,” “we”
and words of like import refer to Semilux International Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, Taiwan Color Optics, Inc. and Semilux Ltd.
Industry and Market Data
In this annual report, we present industry data,
information and statistics regarding the markets in which we compete as well as publicly available information, industry and general publications
and research and studies conducted by third parties. This information is supplemented where necessary with our own internal estimates,
taking into account publicly available information about other industry participants and our management’s judgment where information
is not publicly available. This information appears in “Summary of the Annual report,” “Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects” “Item 4. Information on the Company” and other sections of this annual report.
Industry publications, research, studies and forecasts
generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness
of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to
the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this annual report. These forecasts and forward-looking information
are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors” in
Section D under Item 3 of this annual report. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in
any forecasts or estimates.
Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks
We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names
and service marks that it uses in connection with the operation of its business. In addition, our names, logos and website names and
addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this annual report are
the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred
to in this annual report are listed without the applicable “©,” “SM” and “TM” symbols,
but they will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains “forward-looking
statements” that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about us,
and our perspectives and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding
possible or anticipated future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and objectives. The
words “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,”
“project,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “potential” and similar
words or expressions indicate forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and
are subject to various risks and uncertainties, assumptions (including assumptions about general economic, market, industry and operational
factors), known or unknown, which could cause the actual results to vary materially from those indicated or anticipated.
The statements contained in this annual report
regarding the following matters are forward-looking by their nature:
| ● | our
projection of revenue and other operating results; |
| ● | international, national or local economic, social or political conditions
that could adversely affect the companies and their business; |
| |
● |
our expectations regarding our strategies and future financial performance, including our future business plans or objectives, prospective performance and opportunities and competitors, revenues, ability to raise capital, customer acquisition and retention, products and services, pricing, marketing plans, operating expenses, market trends, liquidity, cash flows and uses of cash, capital expenditures, and our ability to invest in growth initiatives and pursue acquisition opportunities; |
| |
● |
the effectiveness of our internal controls and our corporate policies and procedures; |
| |
● |
environmental uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters; |
| |
● |
the volatility of the market price and liquidity of our Ordinary Shares and Warrants; |
| |
● |
the risk that our properties may be subject to actions and opposition by non-governmental agencies; |
| |
● |
a failure to secure the services and equipment necessary for our operations for the expected price, on the expected timeline, or at all; |
| |
● |
any breaches of our cyber-security and loss of, or unauthorized access to, data; |
| |
● |
internal control weaknesses and any misstatements of financial statements or our inability to meet periodic reporting obligations; |
| |
● |
foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations; |
| |
● |
the occurrence of an uninsurable event; |
| |
● |
the potential physical effects of climate change on our production and costs; |
| |
● |
our ability to obtain or maintain the listing of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq or any other national stock exchange; |
| |
● |
failure to comply with anticorruption, economic sanctions, and anti-money laundering laws; |
| |
● |
the geographical concentration of our assets; and |
| |
● |
seasonal weather conditions that may cause operational delays. |
The preceding list is not
intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our
beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements
are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could
cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity,
performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks
described under “Risk Factors” in Section D under Item 3 of this annual report.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements
as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable,
we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements
will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements
for any reason after the date of this annual report, to confirm these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
| B. | Capitalization
and indebtedness. Not Applicable |
| C. | Reasons
for the offer and use of proceeds. Not Applicable. |
An investment in our ordinary shares involves
significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this annual report, including the risks and uncertainties described
below, before making an investment in our ordinary shares. Any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of our ordinary shares could decline, and you may lose
all or part of your investment.
The risks set out below are not exhaustive
and do not comprise all of the risks associated with an investment in us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us
or which we currently deem immaterial may also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations,
prospects and/or our share price.
Risks Related to the Company’s Business
The Company has incurred operating losses
historically and expects to incur significant expenses and continuing losses at least for the near and medium term.
The Company incurred a net
operating loss of NTD 84,948,000 (US$2,773,000) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and a net operating loss of NTD 19,369,000 (US$ 628,863.636)
for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company believes it will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter in the
foreseeable future. Even if the Company achieves profitability, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain profitability
in the future. The Company’s potential profitability is particularly dependent upon the continued adoption of ADB technology and
LiDAR technology by the automotive industry, continued support from the Company’s research partners, the market acceptance of the
electric vehicle platform developed by Foxconn, any of which may not occur at the levels the Company currently anticipates or at all.
The Company may need to raise additional financing through loans, securities offerings or additional investments in order to fund its
ongoing operations. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain such additional financing or that it will be able to
obtain such additional financing on favorable terms.
The Company’s evolving business model
makes evaluating its business and future prospects difficult and may increase the risk of your investment.
The Company has historically
specialized in research, development and production optical components, and has only been focused on developing ADB products and LiDAR
products for autonomous driving systems since 2019. This relatively limited operating history in the ADB and LiDAR markets makes it difficult
to evaluate the Company’s future prospects and the risks and challenges it may encounter.
In addition, the Company’s
business model may undergo additional changes or differ from other manufacturers such that instead of manufacturing and selling complete
ADB or LiDAR products, it may only sell certain components of ADB or LiDAR products, or only provide integrated circuit design services
to manufacturing partners, which will then assemble the ADB or LiDAR solution in accordance with the Company’s design and sell the
solution to the OEMs. To the extent that its business model does change, this will also render its historical operating history and financial
data less useful in assessing its future prospects.
If the Company fails to address
the risks and difficulties that it faces, including those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, its business,
financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. The Company has encountered in the past, and will encounter
in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing
industries. If the Company’s assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which it uses to plan and operate its business,
are incorrect or change, or if it does not address these risks successfully, its results of operations could differ materially from its
expectations and its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The Company expects to incur research and
development costs and devote significant resources to developing new products, which could significantly reduce its profitability and
may never result in revenue to the Company.
The Company’s
research and development expenses were approximately NTD 40,921,000 (US$1,476,226.55), NTD 26,845,000 (US$874,000) and NTD
24,195,000 (US$790,170) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The decline in research and development
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared with the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to some
adjustments to research and development schedule during the down trend of revenue. This led to delays in the research and
development progress of certain ICs, LiDAR and ADB solutions by about 6 months. The Company expects to continue incur
significant research and development costs going forward to conduct further research, development and tests on its products to
further progress its efforts to commercialize these products.
The Company’s future
growth depends on introducing new products that achieve successful commercialization by OEM partners. For example, the Company is designing
the ADB and LiDAR solutions for the open electric vehicle platform of Foxconn’s Mobility In Harmony Platform (the “MIH
Platform”). If the Company is unable to introduce new products and services or enhance its existing products and services in
a timely and cost-effective manner, it fails to introduce products and services that meet market demand, its products fail to meet
the technical, durability, cost-effectiveness requirement of the potential OEM partners, or it does not successfully develop products
that is suitable for commercialization, it may lose its competitive position, its products may become obsolete, and its business, financial
condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
Developing the Company’s
products is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a long payback cycle, may not yield the expected returns
or may not be recovered at all. The Company’s results of operations will be impacted by the timing and size of these investments.
These investments may take several years to generate positive returns, if ever.
Additionally, future market
share gains may take longer than planned and cause the Company to incur significant costs. Difficulties in any of the Company’s
new product development efforts or its efforts to enter adjacent markets could adversely affect the Company’s business, operating
results and financial condition.
The Company is creating innovative technology
by designing and developing unique components. The high price of or low yield in these components may affect the Company’s ability
to sell at competitive prices, or may lead to losses.
The Company’s ADB or
LiDAR products integrates technological complex components, which requires precision in manufacturing and assembly. Many of these components
are complex and contain multiple sophisticated elements. Volume production of these elements may require extreme precision and present
challenges to their manufacturers. This can lead to increased costs of production of the components which the manufacturers may pass on
to the Company or a production run may yield fewer usable components than what was desired or anticipated. Any such increased components
cost or suboptimal yield in production of the Company’s components may significantly increase the Company’s production costs
and thereby decrease its margins and potentially increase or cause losses for the Company.
The Company’s LiDAR products are substantially
dependent on its relationship with the MIH Platform and its relationship with Foxconn, and its business could be materially and adversely
affected if the MIH Platform was terminated.
The success of the Company’s
LiDAR products is substantially dependent on its relationship with the MIH Platform. The Company has been selected as one of the suppliers
of ADB and LiDAR solutions to the open electric vehicle platform of the MIH Platform. The Company’s products are currently in testing
and validation phase with MIH Platform, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain its relationship with
the MIH Platform or Foxconn and/or secure orders from the MIH Platform or Foxconn. If the MIH Platform terminates or significantly alters
or delays its open electric vehicle platform and/or alters its relationship with the Company in a manner that is adverse to the Company,
the Company business and its prospects would be materially adversely affected.
The period of time from prototype design
to implementation is long and the Company is subject to the risks of cancellation or postponement of contracts or unsuccessful implementation.
Prospective customers, including
those in the automotive industry, generally must make significant commitments of resources to test and validate the Company’s products
and confirm that they can integrate with other technologies before including them in any particular system, product or model. The development
cycles of the Company’s products with new customers varies widely depending on the application, market, customer and the complexity
of the product. In the automotive market, for example, this development cycle can be five to seven years. As a result of these lengthy
development cycles, the Company spends significant time and resources to have its products selected by automotive OEMs and their suppliers
for use in a particular vehicle model, which is known as a design win. If the Company does not achieve a design win with respect to a
particular vehicle model, it may not have an opportunity to supply its products to the automotive OEM for that vehicle model for a period
of many years. If the Company’s products are not selected by an automotive OEM or its suppliers for one vehicle model or if
the Company’s products are not successful in that vehicle model, it is unlikely that its product will be deployed in other vehicle
models of that OEM. Further, the Company is subject to the risk that customers cancel or postpone implementation of its technology,
as well as that it will not be able to integrate its technology successfully into a larger system with other sensing modalities. If the
Company fails to win a significant number of vehicle models from one or more of automotive OEMs or their suppliers, or its customers cancel
or postpone implementation, its business, results of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.
If market adoption of ADB or LiDAR for autonomous
vehicles does not continue to develop, or develops more slowly than the Company expects, its business will be adversely affected.
The Company has been and expects
to continue to be significantly focused on the automotive applications of its ADB and LiDAR products. Despite the fact that the automotive
industry has engaged in considerable effort to research and test ADB and LiDAR products for ADAS and autonomous driving applications,
there is no guaranty that the automotive industry will introduce LiDAR products in commercially available vehicles.
LiDAR products are still relatively
new in the market and it is possible that other sensor technologies and devices, based on new or existing technology or a combination
of technologies, will achieve acceptance or leadership in the ADAS and autonomous driving industries. Even if LiDAR products are used
in initial generations of autonomous driving technology and certain ADAS products, the Company cannot guarantee that LiDAR products will
be designed into or included in subsequent generations of such commercialized technology. In addition, the Company expects that initial
generations of autonomous vehicles will be focused on limited applications, such as robo-taxis, and that mass market adoption of autonomous
technology may lag behind these initial applications significantly. The speed of market growth for ADAS or autonomous vehicles is difficult
if not impossible to predict, and it is more difficult to predict this market’s future growth in light of the economic consequences
of the COVID-19 pandemic and major geopolitical events including the ongoing military conflict in Ukraine. If commercialization
of LiDAR products is not successful, or not as successful as the Company or the market expects, or if other sensing modalities gain acceptance
by developers of autonomous driving systems or ADAS, automotive OEMs, regulators and safety organizations or other market participants
by the time autonomous vehicle technology achieves mass market adoption, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial
condition will be materially and adversely affected.
ADB products are still relatively
new in the market and it is possible that other more established manufacturers in the car light field develop their proprietary ADB products,
based on new or existing technology or a combination of technologies, that receive more acceptance in the ADAS and autonomous driving
industries. Currently, installation of ADB products is limited to luxury and high-end vehicles due to the costs of each system installed.
The Company cannot guarantee that ADB products will be adopted by automotive manufacturers for vehicles in lower price ranges, or other
optical systems will gain acceptance by automotive manufacturers. If ADB products are not widely adopted by the automotive industry, or
not as widely as the Company or the market expects, or if other optical systems gain acceptance by developers of autonomous driving systems
or ADAS, automotive OEMs, regulators and safety organizations or other market participants, the Company’s business, results of operations
and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.
The Company targets many customers that
are large companies with substantial negotiating power, exacting product standards and potentially competitive internal solutions. If
the Company is unable to sell its products to these customers, its prospects and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Many of the Company’s
customers and potential customers are large, multinational companies with substantial negotiating power relative to the Company and, in
some instances, may have internal solutions that are competitive to the Company’s products. These large, multinational companies
also have significant resources, which may allow them to acquire or develop competitive technologies either independently or in partnership
with others. Accordingly, even after investing significant resources to develop a product, the Company may not secure a design win or
may not be able to commercialize a product on profitable terms. If the Company’s products are not selected by these large companies
or if these companies develop or acquire competitive technology or negotiate terms that are disadvantageous to the Company, it will have
an adverse effect on the Company’s business.
Adverse conditions in the automotive industry
or the global economy more generally could have adverse effects on the Company’s results of operations.
The Company’s business
is directly affected by and significantly dependent on business cycles and other factors affecting the global automobile industry and
global economy generally. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors,
including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rates and credit availability, consumer confidence, fuel costs, fuel
availability, environmental impact, governmental incentives and regulatory requirements and political volatility, especially in energy-producing countries
and growth markets. In addition, automotive production and sales can be affected by automotive manufacturers’ ability to continue
operating in response to challenging economic conditions and in response to regulatory requirements and other factors. The volume of automotive
production in North America, Europe, the PRC, Japan and rest of the world has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year,
and the Company expects any such fluctuations to give rise to fluctuations in the demand for its products. Any significant adverse change
in any of these factors may result in a reduction in automotive sales and production by automotive manufacturers and could have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
The Company operates in a highly competitive
market against a large number of both established competitors and new market entrants, and some market participants have substantially
greater resources than the Company.
The markets for sensing technology
applicable to autonomous solutions across numerous industries and intelligent ADB systems are highly competitive.
The Company’s future
success will depend on its ability to maintain its lead by continuing to develop advanced ADB and LiDAR technology in a timely manner
and to stay ahead of existing and new competitors. The Company’s competitors are numerous and they compete with it directly by offering
ADB and/or LiDAR products and indirectly by attempting to solve some of the same challenges with different technology. The Company faces
competition from camera and radar companies, other developers of LiDAR products, car lamp manufacturers, automotive manufacturers and
other technology and automotive supply companies, some of which have significantly greater resources than it does. Some examples of the
Company’s competitors for its LiDAR products include Hesai, Innoviz, Velodyne and Luminar. Some examples of the Company’s
competitors for its ADB products include Xinyu Co., Ltd. and Osram Licht AG. In the automotive market, the Company’s competitors
have commercialized non-LiDAR-based ADAS technology which has achieved market adoption, strong brand recognition and may continue
to improve. Other automotive manufacturers are working towards develop LiDAR products and/or ADB products and either by themselves, or
with a publicly announced partner, have substantial financial, marketing, research and development and other resources.
The automotive market is highly competitive,
and Company may not be successful in competing in this industry.
The automotive industry is
highly competitive. Businesses within the industry compete on many factors, including pricing, brand recognition, product quality and
designs and manufacturing scale and efficiency.
The Company competes for sales
of its products with other established automotive component suppliers and new entrants. Some of the Company’s competitors may have
established market positions, well known brands and relationships with customers and suppliers. Competition for the Company could intensify
in the future due to continuing globalization of the automotive industry, new market entrants and consolidation in the worldwide automotive
industry.
The Company expects that more
competitors will enter the specific automotive market that it targets, and these new entrants will further increase competition. Further,
the Company may experience increased competition for components and other parts, which may have limited supply.
The Company monitors competitive
factors on an ongoing basis and may from time to time adjusts its prices and provides promotions due to competitive factors beyond its
control, such as industry trends and pricing pressure, could adversely affect its margins and profitability.
The Company is dependent, directly and indirectly,
on suppliers for component parts and raw materials. Suppliers may fail to deliver components and raw materials according to the Company’s
schedule and at prices, quality and volumes acceptable to it.
The Company depends on third-party suppliers
for key components in its products like semiconductor chips and interior parts. Raw materials may be subject to price fluctuations due
to various factors beyond the Company’s control, including market conditions and global demand for these materials, which may directly
or indirectly, have an adverse impact on its operating costs and profit margins. The supply chain exposes the Company to multiple potential
sources of delivery failure or component shortages.
If suppliers become unable
to provide, or experience delays in providing components and raw materials, the Company’s business could be disrupted, including
the Company’s ability to meet its targeted schedules for deliveries to tier 1 suppliers. If existing supply agreements are terminated
or renewed on less favorable terms, the Company may face difficulty or delays in finding replacement suppliers able to provide components
or other supplies of comparable quality. Any such alternative suppliers may be located a long distance from the Company’s facilities,
which may lead to increased costs or delays, or the terms of such new agreements may be made on less favorable terms. If the Company’s
manufacturers or suppliers become unwilling or unable to provide an adequate supply of semiconductor chips, with respect to which there
has been a global shortage, the Company would not be able to find alternative sources in a timely manner and its business would be adversely
impacted.
Changes in business or macroeconomic
conditions, governmental regulations and other factors beyond the Company’s control or that it does not presently anticipate could
affect its ability to receive components from suppliers. Under the Company’s purchase orders, it could be subject to penalties and
price adjustments as a result of any volume shortfalls in its orders.
Concerns over inflation, geopolitical
issues, global financial markets and the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased economic instability and expectations of slower
global economic growth. For example, following Russian military actions related to Ukraine in February 2022, commodity prices, including
the price of oil, gas, nickel, copper and aluminum, have increased. Such disruptions to the global economy, together with inflationary
pressures, has at times disrupted, and in the future may disrupt, the global supply chain and affect the Company’s ability to secure
(or the cost of securing) components, raw materials or other supplier. An increase in raw material costs may require the Company to increase
its prices for its products, which could adversely impact its price competitiveness. In 2022, as the pandemic-related economic instability
eased, the U.S. Federal Reserve started tapering its quantitative easing monetary policies in response to elevated inflation levels
(from high food and energy prices and broader pressures) and supply and demand imbalances. The U.S. Federal Reserve raised the benchmark
federal-funds rate from 0.25% in March 2022 to 5.50% in July 2023 and it is possible that the U.S. Federal Reserve
will continue to increase the funds rate. The financial conditions of banking institutions have come under severe pressure and deterioration,
as exemplified by the proposed restructuring of several banks in the first half of 2023, driven by bank runs or simultaneous withdrawals
by depositors due to various reasons, including lack of confidence in the banking system. These developments may adversely impact global
liquidity, heighten market volatility and increase U.S. dollar funding costs resulting in tightened global financial conditions and
fears of a recession. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions would likely increase our funding costs
and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies.
Suppliers may experience disruptions
in their operations, including due to equipment breakdowns, labor strikes or shortages, shipping container shortages, financial difficulties,
natural disasters, component or material shortages, cost increases, acquisitions, changes in legal or regulatory requirements, or other
similar problems. Some of the part that the Company utilizes for its products are obtained through short- and medium-term orders
rather than long-term supply agreements. This may expose the Company to fluctuations in prices of components, materials and equipment.
Cyber-attacks and malicious
internet-based activity directed at supply chains have increased in frequency and severity, and the Company cannot guarantee that
third parties and infrastructure in its supply chain or its third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised or
that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to its information technology systems
or the third-party information technology systems that support it and its services. Ransomware attacks, including by organized criminal
threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe and can lead to significant
interruptions in its operations, loss of data, and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. While the Company conducts risk
assessments and gap analyses and have implemented monitoring and defense solutions for its networks, devices applications, and system
processes, there can be no assurance that any mitigation measures that it has taken or will take will be successful in preventing or minimizing
the consequences of cyber-attacks or similar incidents.
The Company’s success will be dependent
upon its ability to maintain relationships with existing suppliers who are critical and necessary to the output and production of its
vehicles and to create relationships with new suppliers.
Currently, the Company has multiple collaborating raw material suppliers
and outsourcing manufacturers. In the years ending December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the largest supplier of the Company accounted
for approximately 88.3%, 39.7% and around 69% of the total purchases, whi le the second-largest supplier accounted for
2.8%, 15.7% and around 18% of the total purchases, respectively. The Company’s success will be dependent upon its ability
to maintain its relationships with existing suppliers and enter into new supplier agreements. The Company relies on suppliers to provide
key components and technology for its products. Supplier agreements and purchase orders that the Company has, and may enter into with
key suppliers in the future, may have provisions where such agreements can be terminated in various circumstances, including potentially
without cause. In addition, if the Company’s suppliers experience substantial financial difficulties, cease operations, or otherwise
face business disruptions, the Company would be required to take measures to ensure components and materials remain available. Any supply
chain disruption could affect the Company’s ability to deliver its products and could increase the Company’s costs and negatively
affect the Company’s liquidity and financial performance.
The Company generates a significant portion
of its revenue from sales to customers in the PRC, so the Company’s business is susceptible to any change in the PRC’s general
political and economic environment.
The Company historically derives a significant portion of its revenue from sales to customers located in the
PRC. In the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, sales
to customers located in the PRC accounted for approximately 62.5%, 73.5% and 83.6% of total revenue for the period. Accordingly, the results
of operations and prospects of the Company are subject to economic, political and legal developments in the PRC.
The financial reforms that
begun in the late 1970s have resulted in significant economic growth. However, any economic reform policies or measures in the PRC may
from time to time be modified or revised. The PRC’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects,
including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation
of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform,
the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises,
a substantial portion of productive assets in the PRC is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues
to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant
control over the PRC’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations,
setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the PRC economy has experienced
significant growth in the past 30 years, growth has been uneven across different regions and among different economic sectors. The
Chinese government has implemented measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of the resources. Some of these measures
may benefit the overall Chinese economy but may have a negative effect on us. For example, the Company’s financial condition and
results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations.
Although the PRC economy has
grown significantly in the past decade, that growth may not continue, as evidenced by the slowing of the growth of the PRC economy since
2022. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in the PRC, in the policies of the PRC government or in the laws and regulations in the
PRC could have a material adverse effect on a specific industry including our operating companies in the PRC. Such developments could
adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect the Company’s
competitive position.
In addition, the Chinese government
has substantial influence over the manner in which the businesses conduct their operations in the PRC. For instance, the Chinese government
has recently published policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries. The Chinese
government has exercised, and continues to exercise, substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation
and state ownership. There is no assurance that the Chinese government will not announce new policies that significantly affects the manner
in which the Company conducts its business in the PRC, which could materially and adversely impact the results of the Company’s
operations and future prospects.
The unavailability, reduction or elimination
of government and economic incentives or government policies which are favorable for LiDAR development efforts could have a material adverse
effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.
Any reduction, elimination,
alteration, ineligibility, unavailability or discriminatory application of government grants that the Company indirectly receives in relation
to its research and development collaboration activities for LiDAR may result in the diminished competitiveness of the Company’s
end product in this regard.
There is no guarantee that
such government grants, which have been made available for development of LiDAR at NCHU, will be available in the future. If the current
government grants are not available in the future, development of LiDAR may stagnate or cease, which could adversely affect the Company’s
business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.
The Company collaborates with a range of
third parties, including for certain business partners for key aspects of its business, and any failure of these partners to deliver their
services adequately will adversely impact its business, operations, reputation, results of operations and prospects.
The Company contracts with
third parties and universities like the NCHU to provide certain products and services to its key customers. After designing certain semiconductor
components, TCO plans to engage third party semiconductor manufacturers to produce IC chipsets based on TCO’s designs. The Company
has also entered into a collaboration agreement with Professor Liu’s team at NCHU for the development of its LiDAR products.
Although the Company takes
care to select its third-party business partners and contractors, it cannot control their actions. If the Company’s vendors
fail to perform as the Company expects, its operations and reputation could suffer if the failure harms the vendors’ ability to
serve the Company and its customers. One or more of these third-party vendors may experience financial distress, staffing shortages
or liquidity challenges, file for bankruptcy protection, go out of business, or suffer disruptions in their business. The Company may
not be able to renew or enter into new arrangements with its third-party providers on terms satisfactory to it. If the Company successfully
grows its business as expected, its third-party providers will be required to meet increased requirements from it as it seeks to
serve greater customer demand.
The use of third-party vendors
represents an inherent risk to the Company that could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations,
cash flows and prospects.
In addition, if any of the
Company’s various counterparties experience financial difficulty, it could impact their ability to fund and pursue capital expenditures,
carry out their operations in a safe and effective manner and satisfy regulatory requirements with respect to abandonment and reclamation
obligations. If such companies fail to satisfy regulatory requirements with respect to abandonment and reclamation obligations, the Company
may be required to satisfy such obligations and seek reimbursement from such companies. To the extent that any of such companies go bankrupt,
become insolvent or make a proposal or institute any proceedings relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, it could result in such assets
being shut-in, the Company potentially becoming subject to additional liabilities relating to such assets and the Company having difficulty
collecting revenue due from such operators or recovering amounts owing to the Company from such operators for their share of abandonment
and reclamation obligations. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial and operational
results.
The Company’s research and development
efforts may not yield expected results.
Technological innovation is
critical to the Company’s success, especially in relation to LiDAR. The Company has developed some of its technologies in-house,
and it also collaborates with third-party business partners and universities for the design and continued development of its LiDAR
headlight offerings. The Company has heavily invested in its research and development efforts and expect to continue doing so in the future.
Research and development activities are inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to achieve
technological breakthroughs and successfully commercialize such breakthroughs in relation to LiDAR. A delay in the development of
LiDAR as part of the Company’s new advanced headlight offerings could delay its expected timelines to bring such products to market,
which would in turn damage its brand and reputation, adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows
and prospects and cause liquidity constraints.
The markets in which the Company competes
are characterized by rapid technological change, which requires the Company to continue to develop new products and product innovations,
and could adversely affect market adoption of its products.
While the Company intends to
invest substantial amounts on research and development, continuing technological changes in sensing technology, as well as changes in
the ADAS and autonomous driving industries, could adversely affect adoption of LiDAR or ADB and/or the Company’s products. The Company’s
future success will depend upon its ability to develop and introduce a variety of new capabilities and innovations to its existing product
offerings, as well as to introduce a variety of new product offerings to address the changing needs of the markets in which the Company
offers its products.
If the Company is unable to
devote adequate resources to develop products or cannot otherwise successfully develop products or system configurations that meet customer
requirements, including pricing, on a timely basis or that remain competitive with other technological alternatives, its products could
lose market share, its revenue will decline, it may experience operating losses and its business and prospects will be adversely affected.
If the Company fails to execute its growth
strategy or manage growth effectively, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
The expected continued growth
and expansion of the Company’s business and execution of its growth strategy may place a significant strain on management, business
operations, financial condition and infrastructure and corporate culture. With continued growth, the Company’s information technology
systems and its internal control over financial reporting and procedures may not be adequate to support its operations and may allow data
security incidents that may interrupt business operations and allow third parties to obtain unauthorized access to business information
or misappropriate funds. The Company may also face risks to the extent such third parties infiltrate the information technology infrastructure
of its contractors.
To manage growth in operations
and personnel and execute its growth strategy, the Company will need to continue to improve its operational, financial and management
controls and reporting systems and procedures. In addition, the Company may face difficulties as it expands its operations into new markets
in which it has limited or no prior experience. Failure to manage growth effectively could result in difficulty or delays in attracting
new customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new products and services
or enhancing existing products and services, loss of customers, information security vulnerabilities or other operational difficulties,
any of which could adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition.
The Company may experience delays in launching
and ramping the production of its products and features, or the Company may be unable to control its manufacturing costs.
The Company has previously
experienced and may in the future experience launch and production ramp delays for new products. In addition, the Company may introduce
in the future new or unique manufacturing processes and design features for its products. There is no guarantee that the Company will
be able to successfully and timely introduce and scale such processes or features.
In particular, the Company’s
future business depends in large part on the successful commercialization of its LiDAR and ADB products. The Company has relatively limited
experience to date in design and manufacture LiDAR and ADB products for mass production vehicle platform. In order to be successful, the
Company will need to implement, maintain and ramp up manufacturing capabilities, processes and supply chains and achieve the design tolerances,
high quality and output rates. Bottlenecks and other unexpected challenges may arise during its production ramps, and the Company must
address them promptly while continuing to improve manufacturing processes and reducing costs. If the Company is not successful in achieving
these goals, it could face delays in commercialization of LiDAR and ADB products or be unable to meet its related cost and profitability
targets.
Any delay or other complication
in ramping the production of the Company’s current products or the development, manufacture, launch and production ramp of its future
products, features and services, or in doing so cost-effectively and with high quality, may harm the Company’s business, prospects,
financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to effectively expand the Company’s
sales and marketing capabilities could harm its ability to increase its customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of its solutions.
The Company’s ability
to grow its customer base, achieve broader market acceptance, grow revenue, and achieve and sustain profitability will depend, to a significant
extent, on the Company’s ability to effectively expand its sales and marketing operations and activities. The Company relies on
its business development, sales and marketing teams to obtain new OEM. The Company plans to continue to expand in these functional areas
but it may not be able to recruit and hire a sufficient number of competent personnel with requisite skills, technical expertise and experience,
which may adversely affect The Company’s ability to expand its sales capabilities. The hiring process can be costly and time-consuming,
and new employees may require significant training and time before they achieve full productivity. Recent hires and planned hires may
not become as productive as quickly as anticipated, and the Company may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals.
The Company’s ability to achieve significant revenue growth in the future will depend, in large part, on its success in recruiting,
training, incentivizing and retaining a sufficient number of qualified personnel attaining desired productivity levels within a reasonable
time. The Company business will be harmed if investment in personnel related to business development and related company activities does
not generate a significant increase in revenue.
If the Company fails to expand effectively
into new markets, its revenues and business may be negatively affected.
New initiatives are inherently
risky, as each involves unproven business strategies and new product offerings with which the Company has limited or no prior development
or operating experience. The Company’s future success is mainly dependent on the successful commercialization of the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB products. Developing the Company’s products is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a
long or unmaterialized payback cycle. Difficulties in any of its new product development efforts could adversely affect its business,
financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, even if the Company’s
products have achieved successful commercialization, the Company could experience increased warranty claims, reputational damage or other
adverse effects, which could be material.
The Company’s investment
of resources to develop new product offerings may either be insufficient or may result in expenses that are excessive as compared to revenue
produced from these new product offerings. Even if the Company is able to keep pace with changes in technology and develop new products
and services, its research and development expenses could increase, its gross margins could be adversely affected and its prior products
could become obsolete more quickly than expected.
If the Company is unable to
devote adequate resources to develop products or cannot otherwise successfully develop products or services that meet customer requirements
on a timely basis or that remain competitive with technological alternatives, its products and services could lose market share, its revenue
could decline, it may experience higher operating losses, and its business and prospects could be adversely affected. Further, the Company’s
development efforts with respect to these initiatives could distract management from current operations and could divert capital and other
resources from its existing business. If the Company does not realize the expected benefits of its investments, its business, financial
condition, results of operations, and prospects, could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company’s success depends on its
ability to develop and maintain relationships with its partners.
The success of the Company’s
business depends on its ability to develop and maintain relationships with its partners, including its OEM partners, such as Foxconn and
ZF Group. These relationships help the Company access new customers and build brand awareness through the adoption of the Company’s
products. If the Company fails to maintain or develop relationships with OEMs, or if OEMs opt to partner with competitors rather than
the Company, its revenues may decline and its business may suffer.
In addition, the Company collaborates
with Dr. Wood-Hi Cheng (“Dr. Cheng”)’s team at NCHU on the development of the Company’s products.
The relationship helps the Company to access research team and resources at NCHU. If the Company fails to maintain such relationship,
the development on the Company’s products may be delayed, or faltered, which will, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s business, financial condition and operating results.
There can be no certainty that
the Company will be able to identify and contract with suitable additional OEM partners. To the extent the Company does identify such
partners, it will need to negotiate the terms of a commercial agreement with such partners. There can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to negotiate commercially-attractive terms with additional OEM partners, if at all. The Company may also be limited
in negotiating future commercial agreements by the provisions of its existing contracts.
the Company’s financial results may
vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in its operating costs or expenses and other foreseeable or unforeseeable
factors.
the Company expects its period-to-period financial
results to vary based on its operating costs, which the Company anticipates will fluctuate as the pace at which it continues to design,
develop and manufacture new products and increases production capacity by expanding its current manufacturing facilities and adding future
facilities, may not be consistent or linear between periods. Additionally, the Company’s revenues from period to period may fluctuate
as it introduces existing products to new markets for the first time and as the Company develops and introduces new products. The Post-Closing Company’s
financial results may not meet expectations of equity research analysts, ratings agencies or investors, who may be focused only on short-term quarterly
financial results. If this occurs, the trading price of the Company Ordinary Shares could fall substantially, either suddenly or over
time, and the Company could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.
the Company may experience
delays in launching and ramping the production of its products and features, or the Company may be unable to control its manufacturing
costs. TCO has previously experienced and may in the future experience launch and production ramp delays for new products and features.
In addition, the Company may introduce in the future new or unique manufacturing processes and design features for its products. There
is no guarantee that the Company will be able to successfully and timely introduce and scale such processes or features.
Should the Company pursue acquisitions in
the future, it would be subject to risks associated with acquisitions.
the Company may acquire additional
assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to its existing business. The process of identifying and consummating
acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into the Company’s own business would require attention
from management and could result in a diversion of resources from its existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on
its operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the expected financial results. Acquisitions could also result in the use
of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for
other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business.
If the Company completes future
acquisitions, it may not ultimately strengthen its competitive position or achieve its goals and business strategy; the Company may be
subject to claims or liabilities assumed from an acquired company, product, or technology; acquisitions the Company completes could be
viewed negatively by its customers, investors, and securities analysts; and the Company may incur costs and expenses necessary to address
an acquired company’s failure to comply with laws and governmental rules and regulations. Additionally, the Company may be subject
to litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, former shareholders
or other third parties, which may differ from or be more significant than the risks the Company’s business faces. If the Company
is unsuccessful at integrating future acquisitions in a timely manner, or the technologies and operations associated with such acquisitions,
the revenue and operating results of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant
time and resources, which may disrupt the Company’s ongoing business and divert management’s attention, and the Company may
not be able to manage the integration process successfully or in a timely manner. the Company may not successfully evaluate or utilize
the acquired technology or personnel, realize anticipated synergies from the acquisition, or accurately forecast the financial impact
of an acquisition transaction and integration of such acquisition, including accounting charges and any potential impairment of goodwill
and intangible assets recognized in connection with such acquisitions. the Company may have to pay cash, incur debt, or issue equity or
equity-linked securities to pay for any future acquisitions, each of which could adversely affect its financial condition or the
market price of the Company Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, the sale of equity or issuance of equity-linked debt to finance any future
acquisitions could result in dilution to the Company’s shareholders. The occurrence of any of these risks could harm the Company
business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Company may need to raise additional
funds and these funds may not be available when needed or may be available only on unfavorable terms.
The Company may need to raise
additional capital in the future to further scale its business and expand to additional markets. The Company’s development timeline
progresses as planned and corresponding expenditures are consistent with current expectations, both of which are subject to various risks
and uncertainties, including those described herein. the Company may raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or
debt securities, or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions. the Company cannot be certain that additional
funds will be available on favorable terms when required, or at all. If the Company cannot raise additional funds when needed, its financial
condition, results of operations, business and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. If the Company raises funds through
the issuance of debt securities or through loan arrangements, the terms of which could require significant interest payments, contain
covenants that restrict the Company’s business, or other unfavorable terms. In addition, to the extent the Company raises funds
through the sale of additional equity securities, the Company shareholders would experience additional dilution.
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in
currency exchange rates.
The Company transacts business
globally in multiple currencies and has foreign currency risks related to its revenue, costs of revenue and operating expenses. In addition,
a portion of the Company’s costs and expenses have been, and the Company anticipates will continue to be, denominated in foreign
currencies, including the U.S. dollar and Renminbi.
The majority of the Company’s products are sold through exports,
which results in foreign currency translation when converted into New Taiwan Dollars. This creates gains or losses from foreign exchange.
In fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded exchange gains of NT$364,051 (U.S.$11,889)
and NT$42,092,000 (U.S.$1,374,660) and exchange loss of NT$9,864,199 (U.S.$322,149), respectively. As over 90% of the Company’s
sales are from exports, primarily in U.S. dollars, exchange rate fluctuations can significantly impact the company’s profitability.
If U.S. dollar depreciate against the New Taiwan Dollar, our revenue, which is primarily denominated in U.S. dollar, will decrease,
while our costs, which are primarily denominated in New Taiwan Dollar, will remain the same. As a result, our profitability, business,
financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company will continue to
implement the following measures to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on its profitability:
| (a) | Collecting relevant information on exchange rate fluctuations,
closely monitoring trends and changes, and maintaining close communication with banks to promptly respond to potential risks. |
| (b) | Maintaining an adequate level of foreign currency reserves,
converting excess foreign currency into New Taiwan Dollars in a timely manner to reduce exchange rate risk. |
| (c) | Strengthening relationships with domestic suppliers and considering
using foreign currency for payments when appropriate, depending on exchange rate trends, to mitigate exchange rate risk. |
However, there is no assurance
that the Company will be able to effectively manage the foreign exchange fluctuation or at all. The Company currently does not have any
exchange hedge to mitigate the potential negative effect of exchange rate fluctuations. If the Company fails to manage the foreign exchange
rate risks, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected.
the Company’s estimates of market
opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate.
From time to time, the Company
makes statements with estimates of the addressable market for its solutions and the global optical market in general. Market opportunity
estimates and growth forecasts, whether obtained from third-party sources or developed internally, are subject to significant uncertainty
and are based on assumptions and estimates that may prove to be inaccurate. This is especially so at the present time due to the uncertain
and rapidly changing projections of the severity, magnitude and duration of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The estimates and forecasts
relating to the size and expected growth of the target market, market demand and adoption, capacity to address this demand and pricing
may also prove to be inaccurate. In particular, estimates regarding the current and projected market opportunity are difficult to predict.
The estimated addressable market may not materialize for many years, if ever, and even if the markets meet the size estimates and
growth forecasts, the Company’s business could fail to grow at similar rates.
Concentration of ownership among the Company’s
existing executive officers, directors and their affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
the Company’s directors,
executive officers and their affiliates as a group will beneficially own approximately 60% of the outstanding the Company Ordinary Shares.
As a result, these shareholders will be able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring shareholder approval,
including the election of directors, any amendment of the articles of association and approval of significant corporate transactions.
This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in management and will make the approval of
certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these shareholder.
The Company’s insurance coverage strategy
may not be adequate to protect it from all business risks.
The Company may be subject,
in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God and other claims against the Company,
for which it may have no insurance coverage. The policies that the Company does have may include significant deductibles or self-insured retentions,
policy limitations and exclusions, and the Company cannot be certain that its insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future
losses or claims against it. A loss that is uninsured or which exceeds policy limits may require the Company to pay substantial amounts,
which may harm its financial condition and results of operations.
If the Company fails to retain its existing
senior management team or attract qualified new personnel, such failure could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business,
financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s business
requires disciplined execution at all levels of its organization. This execution requires an experienced and talented management team.
If the Company were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of key executive personnel, it could have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Competition for skilled and experienced
management is intense, and the Company may not be successful in attracting and retaining new qualified personnel required to grow and
operate the Company’s business profitably.
Investor confidence and share value
may be adversely impacted if the Company concludes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is not effective.
Effective internal controls
are necessary for the Company to provide reliable financial reports and to help prevent fraud. Although the Company undertakes a
number of procedures in order to help ensure the reliability of its financial reports, including those imposed on it under U.S. securities
laws, the Company cannot be certain that such measures will ensure that it will maintain adequate control over financial processes
and reporting. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could
harm the Company’s results of operations or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations. If the Company discovers a material
weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce investor confidence in its consolidated financial
statements and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, which ultimately could negatively impact the market price of the
Company’s common shares.
the Company will incur significant
increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company, which could have an adverse effect on its business, financial
condition and results of operations.
the Company will face increased
legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that the Company did not incur as a private company.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404 thereof, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented
by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the rules and regulations promulgated
and to be promulgated thereunder, PCAOB and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies.
Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements
require the Company to carry out activities the Company has not done previously. In addition, expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements
will be incurred. Furthermore, if any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if the auditors identify
a significant deficiency or material weaknesses in the internal control over financial reporting), the Company could incur
additional costs to rectify those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect its reputation or investor perceptions.
In addition, the Company will purchase director and officer liability insurance, which has substantial additional premiums. The additional
reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs
of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. Advocacy efforts by shareholders and third parties may also prompt additional
changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs.
Management estimates are subject to uncertainty.
In preparing consolidated financial
statements in conformity with GAAP, estimates and assumptions are used by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, revenues and expenses recognized during the periods presented and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known
to exist as of the date of the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions must be made because certain information that
is used in the preparation of such financial statements is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of
precision from data available, or is not capable of being readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In some cases,
these estimates are particularly difficult to determine and the Company must exercise significant judgment. Estimates may be
used in management’s assessment of items such as fair values, income taxes, stock-based compensation and asset retirement obligations.
Actual results for all estimates could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used by the Company, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects.
Risks Related to Company’s Technology
and Intellectual Property
The Company’s technology could have
undetected defects, errors or bugs in hardware, firmware or software, which could reduce market adoption, damage the Company’s reputation
with current or prospective customers, and/or expose the Company to product liability and other claims that could materially and adversely
affect its business.
The Company may be subject
to claims that its ADB or LiDAR products have malfunctioned and persons were injured or purported to be injured due to latent defects.
Additionally, undetected errors, defects, especially as new products are introduced or as new versions are released, could result in serious
injury, including fatalities, to the end users of technology incorporating the Company’s products, or those in the surrounding area.
These risks are particularly prevalent in the ADAS markets and self-driving vehicles. Some errors or defects in the Company’s
products may only be discovered after they have been tested, commercialized and deployed by customers. In accordance with customary practice
in the automotive industry, the Company provides its customer with a time-limited warranty to its products. If such errors or defects
occur within the respective warranty period, the Company may incur significant additional development costs and product recall, repair
or replacement costs. These problems may also result in claims against the Company by its customers or by third parties.
Any insurance that the Company
carries may not be sufficient or it may not apply to all situations. Similarly, to the extent that such malfunctions are related to components
obtained from third-party vendors, such vendors may not assume responsibility for such malfunctions. Any of these events could adversely
affect the Company’s brand, reputation, financial condition or results of operations.
Any defects or errors in product
or services offerings, or the perception of such defects or errors, or other performance problems could result in any of the following,
each of which could adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations:
| ● | expenditure of significant financial and product development
resources, including recalls, in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate or work; |
| ● | around errors or defects; |
| ● | loss of existing or potential customers or partners; |
| ● | interruptions or delays in sales; |
| ● | delayed or lost revenue; |
| ● | delay or failure to attain market acceptance; |
| ● | delay in the development or release of new functionality
or improvements; |
| ● | negative publicity and reputational harm; |
| ● | sales credits or refunds; |
| ● | exposure of confidential or proprietary information; |
| ● | diversion of development and customer service resources; |
| ● | breach of warranty claims; |
| ● | legal claims under applicable laws, rules and regulations;
and |
| ● | the expense and risk of litigation. |
A successful product liability,
warranty, or other similar claim could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in expenditure of funds in litigation, divert management’s
time and other resources and cause reputational harm.
Any legal proceedings or claims against
the Company could be costly and time-consuming to defend and could harm its reputation regardless of the outcome.
The Company is and/or may in
the future become subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property,
data privacy, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation claims, and governmental and other regulatory
investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause the Company
to incur significant expenses or liability, or require the Company to change its business practices. In addition, the expense of litigation
and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change, and could adversely affect the Company’s
financial condition and results of operations.
The Company’s properties may be subject
to actions and opposition by non-governmental agencies.
The Company’s manufacturing
and R&D facilities could be subject to physical sabotage or public opposition. Such public opposition could expose the Company to
the risk of higher costs, delays or even project cancellations. The Company may not be able to satisfy the concerns of special interest
groups and non-governmental organizations and attempting to address such concerns may require the Company to incur significant and
unanticipated capital and operating expenditures. If any of the Company’s manufacturing and R&D facilities are the subject of
physical sabotage or public opposition, it may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results
of operations and prospects. The Company does not have insurance to protect against such risks.
Any failure, inadequacy, interruption, security
failure or breach of the Company’s information technology systems, whether owned by the Company or outsourced or managed by
third parties, could harm the Company’s ability to effectively operate its business and could have a material adverse effect on
the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company relies heavily
on its information technology systems for many functions across its operations, including managing the Company’s supply chain and
inventory, processing customer transactions in the Company’s stores, allocating lens processing jobs to the appropriate laboratories,
the Company’s financial accounting and reporting, compensating the Company’s employees and operating the Company’s websites.
The Company’s ability to effectively manage its business and coordinate the sourcing, distribution and sale of its products depends
significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. Such systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages
or damages, telecommunications problems, data corruption, software errors, network failures, security breaches, acts of war or terrorist
attacks, fire, flood and natural disasters. The Company’s servers could be affected by physical or electronic break-ins, and computer
viruses or similar disruptions may occur. A system outage may also cause the loss of important data. The Company’s existing safety
systems, data backup, access protection, user management and information technology emergency planning may not be sufficient to prevent
data loss or long-term network outages.
In addition, the Company may
have to upgrade its existing information technology systems from time to time in order for such systems to withstand the increasing needs
of its expanding business. The Company relies on certain hardware, telecommunications and software vendors to maintain and periodically
upgrade many of these systems so that it can continue to support the Company’s business. Costs and potential problems and interruptions
associated with the implementation of new or upgraded systems and technology or with maintenance or adequate support of existing systems
could disrupt or reduce the efficiency of the Company’s operations. The Company also depends on its information technology staff.
If the Company cannot meet its staffing needs in this area, it may not be able to fulfill its technology initiatives while continuing
to provide maintenance on existing systems.
The Company could be required
to make significant capital expenditures to remediate any such failure, malfunction or breach with its information technology systems.
Further, additional investment needed to upgrade and expand its information technology infrastructure would require significant investment
of additional resources and capital, which may not always be available or available on favorable terms. Any material disruption or slowdown
of the Company’s systems, including those caused by its failure to successfully upgrade our systems, and its inability to convert
to alternate systems in an efficient and timely manner could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Doing Business in Taiwan
the Company faces substantial political
risks associated with doing business in Taiwan and in the PRC, including obtaining certain approvals from the Investment Commission of
the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan, particularly due to the relationship between Taiwan and the PRC.
the Company’s principal
executive offices and substantially all of its assets are located in Taiwan, and substantially all of its revenues are derived from its
operations in Taiwan. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of
the Company Ordinary Shares may be affected by changes in Taiwan governmental policies, taxation, inflation or interest rates and by social
instability and diplomatic and social developments in or affecting Taiwan which are outside of the Company’s control. Taiwan has
a unique international political status. The PRC government asserts sovereignty over the PRC and Taiwan and does not recognize the legitimacy
of the government of Taiwan. The PRC government has indicated that it may use military force to gain control over Taiwan if Taiwan declares
independence or if Taiwan refuses to accept the PRC’s stated “One China” policy. In addition, on March 14, 2005,
the National People’s Congress of the PRC passed what is widely referred to as the “anti-secession” law, a law authorizing
the PRC military to respond to efforts by Taiwan to seek formal independence. An increase in tensions between Taiwan and the PRC and the
possibility of instability and uncertainty could adversely affect the prices of the Company’s Securities. It is unclear what effects
any of the events described above may have on relations with the PRC. Relations between Taiwan and the PRC and other factors affecting
Taiwan’s political environment could affect the Company’s business.
Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses,
permits or filings or failure to comply with any requirements of Taiwan laws, regulations and policies may materially and adversely affect
the Company’s daily operations.
In accordance with the relevant
Taiwan laws and regulations, TCO, as the wholly-owned subsidiary of Semilux is required to maintain various approvals, licenses,
permits and filings to operate its business, including but not limited to business registration, factory registration, tax registration
and those with respect to environment protection. The obtaining of these approvals, licenses, permits and filings are subject to satisfactory
compliance with, among other things, the applicable laws and regulations. If TCO is unable to obtain any of such licenses and permits
or extend or renew any of its current licenses or permits upon their expirations, or if TCO is required to incur significant additional
costs to obtain or renew these licenses, permits and approvals, the Company’s daily operations could be materially and adversely
affected.
TCO is subject to restrictions on paying
dividend or making other payments to the Company, which may restrict the Company’s ability to satisfy its liquidity requirements.
As an exempted company with
limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands structured as a holding company, the Company may need dividends and
other distributions on equity from TCO to satisfy its liquidity requirements. Current Taiwan regulations permit TCO to pay dividends to
their respective shareholders only out of their after-tax accumulated profits, if any, which shall first make up previous losses
and set aside at least 10% of its accumulated profits each year as statutory reserve. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
Furthermore, if TCO incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay
dividends or make other payments to the Company. Any limitation on the ability of TCO to distribute dividends or to make payments to the
Company may restrict the Company’s ability to satisfy its liquidity requirements. In addition, the dividend payments by TCO to the
Company shall be subject to the withholding tax of 21%.
TCO is subject to foreign exchange control
imposed by Taiwan authorities, which may affect the paying dividends, repatriating the interest or making other payments to the Company.
Currently Taiwan regulates
only those foreign exchange transactions that involve the conversion of the New Taiwan Dollar into foreign currencies. Pursuant to the
relevant provisions of Taiwan Foreign Exchange Control Act, foreign exchange transactions of a value of NTD 500,000 or more shall be declared
to the Central Bank of Taiwan (“Taiwan CBC”). Further, for a remittance by a company as follows, relevant testimonials
shall be submitted and such remittance shall be subject to the reporting to and/pr approval of the Taiwan CBC: (i) a single remittance
of an amount of US$1 million or more; or (ii) annual accumulated settlement amount of foreign exchange purchased or sold has
exceeded US$50 million. Nevertheless, Taiwan government may impose further foreign exchange restrictions in certain emergency situations,
where Taiwan government experiences extreme difficulty in stabilizing the balance of payments or where there are substantial disturbances
in the financial and capital markets in Taiwan. If the dividend payments or other payments by TCO to the Company involves the currency
conversion from New Taiwan Dollar to US Dollar, such conversion would be subject to the foregoing foreign exchange control imposed by
Taiwan authority. Under certain circumstances as prescribed by the relevant Taiwan regulations, documentary evidence of such foreign exchange
transactions shall be presented and such transactions shall be conducted at designated foreign exchange banks in Taiwan which have the
licenses to carry out foreign exchange business. However, there is no assurance that these foreign exchange regulations will remain unchanged
in the future. If the relevant Taiwan regulations change in the future and any required approval is not obtained, TCO’s ability
to make payments to the Company in foreign currency may be restricted, and the Company’s capital expenditure plans, business, operating
results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
Foreign exchange transactions
for non-trade-related purposes or exceeding the applicable annual quota threshold would require special approval from Taiwan CBC,
which will be at the discretion of and considered by Taiwan CBC on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, the Company may provide loans
to TCO. If the term of the loan provided by the Company to TCO is one year or more, the Company shall obtain prior approval from
the competent authorities before the loan can be remitted into Taiwan and TCO shall file a declaration of foreign debt to the competent
authority when the loan is remitted into Taiwan. the Company cannot assure you that the Taiwan government will not intervene in such transactions
or impose restrictions on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to transfer cash.
If TCO expands into the PRC market, TCO
may be subject to Taiwan regulations on investment or technical cooperation in the PRC.
TCO currently focuses on the
Taiwan market and may consider expanding its businesses in the mainland Chinese market in the near future. Pursuant to the Taiwan Permission
Regulations for Investment or Technical Cooperation in the PRC and the Review Principles for Investments or Technical Cooperation in the
PRC (“Permission Regulations”), an investment or technical cooperation made by a Taiwanese investor in the PRC is subject
to the restrictions thereunder and requires the approval by the competent Taiwan authority, the Investment Commission, the Ministry of
the Economic Affairs (the “Taiwan Investment Commission”). The restrictions under the Permission Regulations include
a negative list in which investment or technical cooperation is prohibited as well as the maximum investment amount. TCO does not believe
its current operations in the PRC is restricted by the negative list. There is no assurance that the negative list will not in the future
contain key items of the Company such as optical components, laser lights modules, LiDAR and ADB systems. Furthermore, depending on the
amount invested in the PRC, the Company may need to obtain approval from the Taiwan Investment Commission in order to make investments
in the PRC or to grant licenses to mainland Chinese entities. The Taiwan Investment Commission may at its discretion reject the Company’s
application. If the Taiwan Investment Commission prevents the Company from making investment in the PRC or granting licenses to mainland
Chinese entities, the Company may not be able to expand its business in the PRC.
Taiwanese investors holding more than 10%
of the Company Ordinary Shares will be subject to Taiwan regulations on investment or technical cooperation in the PRC for its investment
or technical cooperation in the PRC.
Under the Permission Regulations,
for an investment made by a Taiwanese individual or entity (“Taiwanese Investor”) in a “third region” company
which conducts the investments or technical cooperation in the PRC defined therein and such Taiwanese Investor (i) acts as director,
supervisor, manager or equivalent position or (ii) has a shareholding or capital contribution of more than 10% in such third region
company, the investment in such a third region company would also be deemed a defined investment in the PRC and therefore be subject to
the Permission Regulations.
Therefore, for the Company’s
future investment or technical cooperation in the PRC, the Company’s Taiwanese shareholders holding more than10% of the Company
Ordinary Shares or acting as director, supervisor, manager or equivalent position of the Company will need to apply for the foreign investment
approval with the competent Taiwan authority, the Taiwan Investment Commission in accordance with the Permission Regulations. There are
restrictions on the investment or technical cooperation with the PRC, including, without limitation, the annual investment amount in the
PRC shall be capped at US$5 million per year for Taiwan individuals or NTD 80 million or 60% of the higher of its stand-along net
worth or consolidated net worth, whichever is higher, for a Taiwan small-medium enterprise. Your indirect investment in the PRC via
the Company under the Permission Regulations will be calculated on the portion of your shareholding in the Company. If your aggregate
investments in the PRC exceed the annual ceiling amount, the Taiwan Investment Commission will reject your application for the exceeding
investment in the PRC. If a Taiwanese Investor fails to obtain applicable approvals from the Taiwan Investment Commission in respect
of its investment in the PRC, an administrative fine ranging NTD 50 thousand to 25 million and imprisonment may be imposed.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Our Organization
Our corporate name is Semilux International Ltd.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and we were founded on July 19, 2023. The mailing address for our principal
executive office is 4F., No. 32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist. Central Taiwan Science Park Taichung City 42881 Taiwan. Our telephone number is
+886 04 2567 3281.
We operate through our two wholly-owned subsidiaries—Taiwan
Color Optics, Inc., a company incorporated and in existence under the laws of Taiwan with uniform commercial number of 25052644, and Semilux
Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares.
Our Status as a Foreign Private Issuer under
the Exchange Act
We are a “foreign private issuer”
under SEC rules. Consequently, for so long as we continue to meet such qualification, we will be subject to the reporting requirements
under the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers. We are required to file our annual report for each year with the SEC
by April 30 of the following year. In addition, we will furnish reports on Form 6-K to the SEC regarding certain information
that is distributed or required to be distributed by us to our shareholders.
Based on such foreign private issuer status, under
existing rules and regulations, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or
as promptly as a U.S. company whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. We will also not be required to comply
with Regulation FD, which addresses certain restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information. In addition, among
other matters, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery
provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules under the Exchange Act with respect to their purchases and sales
of ordinary shares.
Despite our initial exemption due to our foreign
private issuer status, we nevertheless currently expect to issue interim quarterly financial information publicly and to furnish it to
the SEC on Form 6-K.
Our Status as an Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,”
as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we will be eligible to take advantage
of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth
companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in their periodic reports and proxy statements,
and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of
any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We are a non-accelerated filer, which is a company that has either a public float
of less the $75 million or a public float from $75 million to less than $700 million and annual revenues of less than $100 million.
As long as we remain either an emerging growth company or a non-accelerated filer, we will be exempt from the auditor attestation requirement.
If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the
prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS
Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies
(that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered
under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that
a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth
companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means
that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth
company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison
of our financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting
standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company until
the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public
offering, (b) in which our total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a
large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our ordinary shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million
as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter; and (ii) the date on which we have issued
more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. References to “emerging
growth company” in this proxy statement/annual report have the meaning associated with that term in the JOBS Act.
Functional and Reporting Currency
A substantial portion of our activity, including
transactions with customers, as well as equity transactions and cash investments, are incurred in U.S. dollars. Our management believes
that the U.S. dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which we operate. Thus, our functional and reporting
currency is the U.S. dollar.
Where to get Additional Information
The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains
reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We are subject
to the information requirements of the Exchange Act and will file annual and other reports, including this annual report, and other information
with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These documents, and other information
concerning us, is available on our website at https://investors.semilux.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through,
our website or any other website is expressly not incorporated by reference into and is not a part of this annual report.
B. Business Overview
The Company has historically
focused on laser applied modules and their components, which are used in solid-state light source projectors, car headlights, and
sensors. The Company has also developed laser light source for various applications including searchlights and laser stage lights. The
Company has recently specialized in providing key semiconductor chips, components and solutions for solid-state light detecting and
ranging (LiDAR) and adaptive driving beam (ADB) headlights that meet the automotive market standards, such as AEC-Q100, ISO 26262, and
IATF 16949. The Company aims to offer crucial chips and system solutions with good performance, cost-efficiency, and automotive-grade reliability.
The Company believes that its LiDAR and ADB products may empower the implementation of large-scale advanced driver assistance systems
and self-driving technologies.
With strategically positioned
offices at Central Taiwan Science Park and Hsin Chu Science Park campuses, the Company actively fosters collaboration with semiconductor
experts and develop technologies leveraging the robust semiconductor supply chain in Taiwan. The Company, as a Tier-2 supplier, offers
a holistic and complete solution for OEMs and Tier-1 partners engaged in the development and marketing of autonomous vehicles for
the passenger car market and other pertinent sectors, such as robotaxi, drones, shuttles, and commercial trucks. In 2018, the Company
was accepted as a Tier-2 supplier by BMW, wherein the Company supplied laser headlights to BMW through BMW’s Tier-1 supplier,
Osram Continental. Drawing upon breakthroughs in core components such as OPA/VCSEL/FMCW/ASIC, the Company develops distinctive LiDAR and
ADB solutions, which have, through the Company’s collaboration with NCHU’s collaboration platform, led to successful partnerships
with two renowned leading ODM/OEM and Tier-1 partners, namely Foxconn and Pegatron. Moreover, the Company believes that its innovative
solutions can be extended to other industries that may benefit from higher level of automation, such as drones, security, and landscape
mapping.
The Company has developed a
research partnership with a team at NCHU led by Dr. Cheng since 2015. With the support of the NCHU team, the Company developed its distinctive
LiDAR and ADB solutions. Due to the strength of the products of the Company, the Company entered into an agreement with NCHU and Professor
Chun-Nien Liu on November 4, 2022 to provide pivotal chips and total solutions for high-performance solid-state LiDAR
and ADB smart vehicle lighting systems for the Foxconn’s Mobility In Harmony Open Electric Vehicle (MIH) Platform. The Company therefore
is connected to the emerging electric vehicle markets via Foxconn’s MIH Platform.
Foxconn’s MIH Platform
aims to become a pioneering ecosystem in integrating LiDAR for Level 3 autonomous driving with the ultimate goal of commercializing its
electric vehicles (EVs) globally. Thus, the Company’s close collaboration through the MIH Platform with Foxconn and its close partner,
ZF Group, will position the Company at the front line of the development of EVs.
In addition, through NCHU,
the Company will also provide customized solid-state LiDAR and ADB total solutions to Pegatron. Pegatron is a Tier-1 supplier
to the EV market of the United States, whose existing customers include Tesla and other renowned EV manufacturers.
The Company also plans to leverage
Taiwan’s mature semiconductor vertical supply chain to facilitate the Company’s production of the chipsets used in the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB productions. The Company plans to utilize the strong manufacturing capability of Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturers.
The finished products will be packaged and assembled inhouse at the Company into its LiDAR and ADB products. This process aims to create
a vertical production flow, thus making low-cost, high-performance solid-state LiDAR and ADB headlight a tangible commercial
prospect.
The Company envisions a future
where the integration of Taiwan’s mature semiconductor vertical supply chain becomes a global trend in the electric vehicle market.
This integration, fostered through the Company’s collaboration with partner customers, paves the way for low-cost, high-performance solid-state LiDAR
to emerge as a tangible and compelling commercial component for future automotives. By continuing to drive innovation, embracing rigorous
industry standards, and nurturing strong partnerships, the Company is committed to pioneering advancements in autonomous driving technology
and contributing to the transformation of the automotive landscape.
Competitive Strengths
Differentiated products
based on advanced technologies and benefit from Taiwan’s strong semiconductor industry. The Company’s
LiDAR and ADB solutions offer several advantages when compared to traditional technologies, and they benefit from Taiwan’s strengths
in the semiconductor industry and technology ecosystem:
LiDAR Technology. The
Company’s solid-state LiDAR solution, utilizing OPA, VCSEL, FMCW, and ASIC chip designs, provides advantages such as high scanning
speed, precision, a fully solid-state structure, and excellent controllability. This technology can be achieved through Taiwan’s
advanced semiconductor processes, such as CMOS integration, and can harness Taiwan’s expertise in chip design and manufacturing.
ADB Technology. The
Company’s DMD-Hybrid System: The Company’s ADB solution, the DMD-Hybrid system, introduces innovative components
like high-contrast fluorescent chips, color filters, and Wafer-Level Optics (WLO) components. These components improve ADB performance
and meet complex lighting requirements.
Advantages of Taiwan’s
Resources. (1) Rich Talent Pool: Taiwan’s talent pool includes skilled engineers, researchers, and
semiconductor experts who contribute to the Company’s technological advancements. (2) Semiconductor Manufacturing Expertise:
The Company expects to utilize the production capacity and manufacturing expertise of Taiwan’s well know semiconductor manufacturers,
ensuring high-quality chip production. (3) Vertical Integration: Taiwan offers a vertically integrated semiconductor supply
chain, from chip design and fabrication to module assembly. This ecosystem streamlines the development and production of the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB solutions.
In summary, the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB technologies represent significant advancements in the field, benefiting from Taiwan’s semiconductor industry expertise
and resources. Taiwan’s comprehensive semiconductor ecosystem, including talent, foundries, and manufacturing capabilities, contributes
to the Company’s competitive edge in delivering cutting-edge automotive solutions.
The Company has
a highly skilled R&D team. The Company has R&D teams in both Hsinchu and Taichung, all with backgrounds
in optics, electronics, IC design, and possessing extensive research and practical experience in the relevant industry. The Company’s
R&D team pioneers LiDAR and ADB total solutions, and received substantial support from Taiwan’s government initiatives. The
Company’s R&D partner NCHU won the 2021 Future Tech Awards for the breakthroughs that the Company and the NCHU R&D team
have achieved in LiDAR and ADB products. Moreover, the Company’s partnership with Foxconn via NCHU has consistently provided the
Company’s R&D team with invaluable knowledge and familiarity with Foxconn’s and other applicable industry technical and
validation requirements. These professionals undergo meticulous training to design, operate, and validate IC designs, adhering to the
stringent vehicle standards through our partnership with Foxconn.
Production capacity and
Taiwan’s Semiconductor Ecosystem. Taiwan plays a significant role in semiconductor manufacturing
and design, with an extensive and tightly integrated semiconductor ecosystem. Leveraging its close ties with Taiwan’s semiconductor
ecosystem, the Company is able to offer its IC chips at reasonable costs to Tier-1 Suppliers. The production capacity of Company
involves the partnerships of notable IC foundries and other OSAT companies in Taiwan, along with printed circuit board manufacturers.
These manufacturing partners also provide chip optimization services in addition to manufacturing process.
The Company harnesses the rich
resources of Taiwan’s semiconductor ecosystem. This ecosystem offers unparalleled convenience and efficiency at a reasonable cost,
which we expect will enable the Company to thrive in the dynamic EV automotive industry landscape. The Company has developed amicable
relationships and ongoing discussions with well-known semiconductor manufacturers, such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
(“TSMC”), regarding IC design and production specifics. The Company expects that its existing relationships with semiconductor
manufacturers will enable it to ramp up production capacity of IC Chipsets quickly through purchase orders, if needed, and provide the
Company with the crucial understandings of the intricacies of IC design and production, which will help the Company to align design and
production cycle and ensure reliability in the Company’s products. The Company offers its customers a comprehensive range of IC
design and production services, including (1) optimized IC and references, (2) modified software and hardware designs, (3) new
IC specifications, and (4) iterative IC testing, with the goal to achieve improved performance, lower power consumption, and reduced
costs.
Competitive Pricing. Tier-1 suppliers
and automotive producers are cost-sensitive for components, especially for high-value components like LiDAR. These producers
seek competitive pricing and place significant importance on pricing when choosing suppliers. The Company took into account this consideration
during the development of its original solution architecture. By leveraging the Company’s ties with Taiwan’s vertically integrated
semiconductor ecosystem, the Company is poised to deliver exceptional cost-effectiveness, performance, and low power consumption for crucial
chips used in high-performance solid-state LiDAR and ADB smart vehicle lighting systems.
Quality and Safety Certifications. It
is paramount for any automotive component suppliers to meet the rigorous industry standard. Meeting the requirements of functional safety
standards, such as AEC-Q100, ISO 26262, and IATF 16949, is a time-intensive and labor-intensive process that requires close
collaboration with stakeholders in the automotive industry, including Tier-1 suppliers and car manufacturers. The Company has obtained
all necessary certification for its products to be accepted by Tier-1 suppliers and car manufacturers. In 2017, the Company obtained
ISO 9001:2015 certification, followed by ISO 14001:2015 certification in 2019. Since 2022, the Company has held the IATF 16949 certification
for automotive industry quality management systems. Since 2017, the Company has held certifications for its relevant module products from
major international manufacturers, which granted the Company access to the automotive light source module supply chain.
Through a strong working relationship
with Tier-1 suppliers such as Foxconn, Pegatron, and ZF Group, the Company will indirectly provide components, systems, and subsystems
to automobile manufacturers. The Company has already demonstrated its capability to design, operate, and validate chip designs through
adherence to the stringent IATF 16949 automotive component standards and functional safety norms. This is especially advantageous for
the Company as typically OEMs in the automotive sector would require their suppliers to undergo automotive-grade certification before
using their components.
The Company’s working
relationship with Foxconn has provided the Company’s engineers and R&D personnel with invaluable competitive advantages. Regular
audits by ZF Group and Foxconn ensure the unwavering adherence to these standards by the Company. This dynamic collaboration has also
yielded remarkable results, allowing the Company to seamlessly integrate its innovative technologies into Foxconn’s MIH. We
believe that this synergy positions the Company uniquely in the development of future generation of EVs. The Company plans to replicate
this close relationship with other automotive Tier-1 suppliers.
Favorable Industrial
Tailwinds in ADB Markets. In recent years, intelligent driving has become a prominent trend in the
automotive industry. Global car manufacturers, international automotive lighting manufacturers, and light source technology suppliers
are actively developing advanced ADB headlights. The Company expects the ADB market to reach $3.5 billion in 2025. Furthermore, with
the increasing demand for automotive safety, there is an increased demand for highlights with increased illumination range. The advanced
lighting sources, such as laser, will be able to address such needs, and the Company believes that its deep knowledge in the laser lighting
technology will give the Company an advantage in the ADB market.
LiDAR is One of the Fastest-Growing Segments
in Automotive Market. For Level 2+ and higher levels of autonomous driving, the incorporation of LiDAR
will achieve more precise environmental mapping and positioning. The Company expects that the mainstream car manufacturers will adopt
a system where millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR, and cameras serve as redundant backups and supplements to one another, enhancing the
autonomous driving system’s ability to accurately perceive the surroundings and make informed and secure decisions and plans. The
Company expects the market size of LiDAR products to reach $4.4 billion in 2025.
Global Market Experience
and Connection. The Company’s collaboration with strategic partners provide it with access into the
major markets around the world. The Company’s participation in the Foxconn’s MIH Platform gives the Company exposure to the
PRC and other emerging markets. The Company’s relationship with ZF Group allows the Company’s products to be integrated into
the European market, and the relationship with Pegatron gives the Company access to the U.S. market. The Company’s strategic
foothold in major automotive markets such as the U.S., the PRC, and Europe allows the Company to keep a close eye on the global market
trends, and thus allow the Company to promptly respond to any change in demand and adapt its product accordingly to mitigate any adverse
impact of.
The Company’s Growth Strategy
Achieving the highest functional
safety level in ISO 26262 standard (ISO 26262 ASIL D) in self- driving systems requires ‘intelligent’ redundancy of critical
components. Sensor packages play a key role in self-driving systems as they provide the necessary insight into the vehicle’s
surroundings, crucial for accurate driving decisions. Intelligent redundancy goes beyond adding more of the same type of sensors to handle
the failure of individual sensor. The intelligent self-driving system integrates multiple types of complimentary sensors so that
if one type of sensors faces challenges in certain conditions, others can step in effectively, ensuring reliable driving decisions. For
example, in a low visibility scenario, a LiDAR system can better detect the surroundings than a camera system, and the LiDAR system may
take a more active role in an urban driving environment, where it can process the complex surroundings more accurately than a camera system.
Today, cameras and radar are
both common in ADAS systems and self-driving vehicles. Both have advantages in ADAS and autonomous driving applications and are relatively
mature technologies and can be manufactured at a competitive pricing point to be equipped in vehicles of different price ranges. The Company
believe that a mature Level 3 to Level 5 self-driving system will require LiDAR system in addition to camera and radar because camera
systems are vulnerable to manipulations and radar systems have very limited range. However, the high cost of LiDAR has slowed down the
integration of LiDAR to be adopted in ADAS systems and autonomous driving vehicles.
The Company’s growth
strategy centers on IC design, optical components, and the delivery of solid-state laser-based sources for the development of
LiDAR and ADB solutions that can be mass produced and equipped at a competitive price point. Leveraging the abundant resources of Taiwan’s
semiconductor ecosystem, the Company aims to achieve an optimal balance of durability, convenience, efficiency and cost-effectiveness,
which will allow the Company to excel in the dynamic landscape of the EV automotive industry.
In addition, guided by a collaborative
spirit, the Company carefully selects suitable clients and maintains an intensive service approach to foster cooperation in order to develop
competitive products. The Company has successfully made breakthroughs in LiDAR and ADB systems through its partnerships with Foxconn,
ZF Group and Pegatron through NCHU. The Company plans to replicate the synergistic relationship in the further with other Tier-1 Suppliers
and/or car manufacturers.
The Company’s current
R&D focus is primarily on solid-state LiDAR and ADB smart vehicle lighting solutions. The Company’s believe that its technology
breakthroughs position it as a significant contributor to the rapid adoption of ADAS and self-driving technologies. The Company’s
R&D efforts will prioritize system development in partnership with its collaborators, as well as the development of chips tailored
to the specifications and feedback of Tier-1 Suppliers. The Company will then customize its chip solutions for LiDAR modules and
maintain ongoing communication to ensure its products meets the demand of each car manufacturer. The Company anticipates that this approach
will lead to an increase in the sales of its chip set solutions and modules. The Company’s IC solutions for LiDAR and ADB systems
offer high performance at a reasonable cost. These chips comply with the rigorous industry standards, which will facilitate the adoption
of the Company’s LiDAR and ADB solutions in Level 3 to Level 5 autonomous driving vehicles and other ADAS systems.
The Company intends to capitalize
on favorable industry tailwinds to grow its business. The Company expects that size of the global autonomous driving market will reach
$11.6 billion by 2025, the LiDAR industry will reach $4.4 billion by 2025, the ADB market will reach $3.5 billion by 2025,
and the vehicles with L2 autonomous driving features contributes to 43% of annual vehicle sales by 2025.
Product Offerings
Current Product/Service Offering
The Company has focused on
laser lights modules and optical components, which are used in projectors, car lights, and optical sensors. The Company is also actively
developing applications for laser stage lights for its laser light modules. While the Company now focuses on the development of LiDAR
and ADB modules and components, laser light source modules and other optical components will continue to be bedrock products of the Company.
Laser Lights Modules and
related optical components:
The Company produces the following
laser lights modules and related optical components, which are mainly used in commercial projectors, car lights, and optical sensors.
Laser Lights Module. A
laser lights module typically consists of high-intensity laser diodes and fluorescent chips that emit focused and intense beams of
light. These laser beams are then directed onto a fluorescent material, which converts the blue laser light into a bright and highly visible
white light. The resulting white light is powerful and can provide enhanced illumination. In its automotive application, one of the key
advantages of laser lights is their ability to produce a concentrated and long-reaching beam, which improves visibility and safety
for the driver, especially in challenging nighttime conditions or low-visibility situations. In addition to its extended range, laser
lights are also more energy efficient, as compared to existing HID car lamps or LED lights.
Color Filters. Color
filters can separate light from a specific band from a continuous light source. The Company’s color filters are made from a glass
substrate that has a high penetration characteristic and has a high laser damage threshold (LDT), and the Company’s color filters
are widely used in optical/laser modules.
Color Filter Wheels. Color
filter wheels use a variety of color filters with different angles, with the motor high-speed rotation to form the separation and
filtration of light, and restore the red-green-blue (RGB) three primary colors. Color filter wheels are an important optical component
of a DLP-type projector.
Fluorescent Chip and Wheel. Fluorescent
material bodies stimulated by blue light, producing high-intensity yellow/green light, and is an important component for projectors.
Wafer Level Optics. Wafer
Level Optics enables an incident light source to be evenly distributed to achieve the best mixing and overlap effect, and can bring about
effective compensation and correction to mitigate defects and defects caused by optical modules.
New Products under Development
In its focused development
of LiDAR and ADB systems, the Company has the following products at different stage of development:
IC Components: The
Company is developing the following IC components, which are mainly used in the Company’s LiDAR or ADB systems:
Application specific
integrated circuit (ASIC). ASIC is custom IC designed to meet the unique requirements of LiDAR or ADB systems.
ASICs integrate multiple functions into a single chip, enabling precise laser emission, detection, signal processing, and data analysis
for various applications, reducing the need for external components and improving system reliability. ASICs are specialized integrated
circuits designed to enhance the performance and functionality of LiDAR or ADB systems, enabling precise and rapid 3D sensing and data
collection.
Frequency Modulated
Continued Wave (FMCW) Driver IC. FMCW Driver IC is a specialized integrated circuit designed to generate and
modulate microwave signals for use in LiDAR system. This FMCW system operates by continuously transmitting a signal with a varying frequency,
called the chirp signal. The chirp signal consists of a continuous wave with a linearly increasing or decreasing frequency over time.
When the chirp signal interacts with objects in the environment, it gets reflected back to the radar receiver. By analyzing the time delay
between the transmitted and received signals and the frequency shift (Doppler effect), FMCW LiDAR systems can determine the range, speed,
and movement of objects. Therefore, a FMCW Driver IC is a crucial component in FMCW LiDAR systems, providing the capability to generate,
modulate, and amplify microwave signals for applications that require accurate distance measurement, object detection, and speed determination.
Optical Phased
Array (OPA) Chip. OPA chip is a semiconductor-based device designed to manipulate and control laser beams
or light waves with high precision. It achieves this by leveraging the principles of phased-array technology, which allows for the
precise steering of light beams in different directions without the need for mechanical components like mirrors or lenses. OPA technology
offers advantages such as rapid scanning capabilities, high precision, and a solid-state design, making it a valuable tool in various
applications, particularly those requiring agile and high-performance light steering.
Vertical Cavity
Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL). VCSEL is fabricated using semiconductor materials, and emits light perpendicular
to the surface. The basic structure of a VCSEL consists of several layers of semiconductor materials arranged in a cylindrical or disk-like shape.
These layers include an active region sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The DBRs consist of multiple layers
with alternating high and low refractive indices, creating a highly reflective surface. VCSELs are widely used in various applications,
including optical communication, 3D sensing, and gesture recognition, due to their unique characteristics.
Solid State LiDAR Module. A
solid-state LiDAR module is an advanced and compact LiDAR sensor that utilizes solid-state technology and OPA technology to
perform highly accurate and rapid 3D sensing and environmental mapping without the need for moving parts, such as rotating mirrors or
mechanical scanning. Solid-state LiDAR modules represent a significant technological advancement in the field of LiDAR, offering
several advantages over traditional mechanical or MEMS LiDAR systems.
ADB Module of DMD-Hybrid System. An
ADB Module in a DMD-Hybrid System refers to an Adaptive Driving Beam Module used in conjunction with a DMD and laser lights sub-module.
This combination of technologies is primarily applied in automotive lighting systems to enhance road safety and visibility for drivers
while minimizing glare for oncoming vehicles.
The Development Process in the Automotive
Electronics/LiDAR Industry
In general, the journey of
creating a car-grade electronic components follows a series of steps, from the initial concept to mass production, and eventually
to phasing out. This process typically includes the following stages:
| 1. | Planning and Roadmap: During this phase, Tier-2 suppliers
work together with Tier-1 and OEM partners to create a roadmap for development and testing of the products. They collaborate and
plan the development of the product, which usually takes more than a year. |
| 2. | Creating Prototype Samples and Certification: After the planning
stage, Tier-2 suppliers work on creating prototypes. The prototypes need to meet specific standards and regulations required for
automotive use, which usually takes over a year. After the completion of the prototype, the Tier-2 supplier will submit the prototype
to Tier-1 suppliers for further testing and validation. The testing and validation usually takes one year. As for semiconductor
chips plus packaged sub-modules, the design cycle and reliability verification may carry on for continuous period of 5 years, as
the whole supply chain and finished goods have to be qualified by various reliability and systematic standards. |
| 3. | Moving to Mass Production: Once the prototype samples are
validated, Tier-2 suppliers begin a test production of the products. The Tier-1 supplier then tests and validates these test
production components, ensuring they meet the necessary quality criteria. Once the test production components are approved, the Tier
2 suppliers will work with Tier 1 suppliers and car manufactures to source the production and the shipping logistics for the products.
Once the production schedule and logistics are finalized, the Tier-2 supplier starts to mass produce of their products and supply
them to Tier 1 suppliers, which will in turn integrate such components in its products. The OEM begins to use these components in their
vehicles. The finalization of mass production logistics will also typically take more than a year to complete. |
| 4. | Maintaining Supply: After successful mass production, the
components are supplied consistently for around 10-15 years before eventually being phased out or replaced by newer or upgraded
modules. Tier 2 suppliers will typically remain as the suppliers for the components for the whole life-cycles of the products, and
thus, enjoy a consistent stream of orders. |
Currently, the Company’s
development of LiDAR and ADB solutions is at Stage 2. The Company has provided the solid-state LiDAR prototype samples to Foxconn
for integration in its MIH platform. The Company has also provided its LiDAR prototype and ADB systems to ZF Group and Pegatron for testing
and validation. The company is currently customizing its prototype based on the feedbacks of its Tier-1 suppliers customers. The
Company will work on further testing and validation and provide the next generation prototypes with semiconductor chips (OPA/VCSEL/FMCW/ASIC)
to Tier-1 suppliers for their advanced research projects. Thereafter, the Company expects to move to mass production. The Company
expects that its products will be mass produced within the next two to three years based on the current progress of development and
feedbacks from the Tier-1 suppliers. However, the Company may experience delay and/or setbacks in its development, and the Tier-1 suppliers
may not select the Company as a supplier, which would have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition
and results of operation.
Various Development Trends and Competitive
Landscape of Products
Technical Differentiation
LiDAR Total Solution. Currently,
the LiDAR system in the market typically employs mechanical rotation technology to achieve 360-degree environmental scanning. This
mechanical system uses a rotating mirror to direct laser light, which is then collected by a detector to achieve environmental awareness.
However, mechanical rotation systems are large in size and require manufacturing processes, resulting in low production yields and high
manufacturing costs. Additionally, for effective deployment, of the mechanical LiDAR devices will need to be installed on the vehicle
roof, which not only creates visual blind spots but also conflicts with the streamlined design of automobiles. Another LiDAR technology
utilizes Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), which involve the direct fabrication of movable micro-mirrors on silicon chips
to reflect laser light. This approach enables the creation of micro-scale structures for rapid high-resolution scanning. However,
the structural design of movable micro-mirrors is susceptible to environmental influence such as heat and mechanical fatigue, which
reduce its reliability. Therefore, the industry has been pursuing fully solid-state scanning methods as a better technology solution.
One of these solid-state scanning
methods is the flash LiDAR system. This system emits a single laser pulse in one direction and relies on a large-area photosensitive
array to receive the reflected light. However, the instantaneous emittance of laser covering of a wide area and the large-area reception
sensors lead to significant energy consumption and a limited detection range, which limits the application of this method in automotives.
Furthermore, Optical Phased Array (OPA) LiDAR system is another promising solid state scanning method for automotive applications. OPA
LiDAR system operates similarly to phased-array radar by adjusting the refractive index of each emitting array unit to change the
laser’s emission angle. Compared to the previously mentioned mechanical scanning technologies, optical phased array technology offers
advantages such as high scanning speed, high precision, a fully solid-state structure, and excellent controllability, making it highly
valuable for autonomous vehicle environment perception. OPA technology can be achieved through various methods, including using thermoelectric
control combined with CMOS processes to integrate light sources, scanning elements, and sensors on a single chip. Another approach involves
Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) technology. However, challenges such as the poor thermal stability of thermoelectric materials, slow
liquid crystal modulation speeds, high processing complexity, and poor operability in harsh environments have hindered the commercialization
of OPA technology in automotives.
The Company’s LiDAR solution
differs from traditional OPA designs as described above. The Company prepares a compact OPA chip with a reflective multi-layer and
bipolar electronic control structure to enhance both the field-of view (FOV) and resolution in the LiDAR system. The Company’s
LiDAR system integrates a VCSEL laser source, an APD light sensor, a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA), and a programmable chip (FPGA
or ASIC) into a compact solid-state LiDAR. This OPA chip can generate a specific phase or a continuous sweep between 0 and 360°
at estimation rate of 1GHz to adjust independently the amplitude. The chip-surface features the 2200 individually addressable nano-resonators in
a 6 × 4 mm2 area with no micromechanical elements or liquid crystals. A key feature of this design is to apply the
reflective multi-layer and bipolar (NPN) electronic control structure in each nano-resonator. In the Company’s OPA system,
the nano-resonators are used to adjust the scanning wide FOV and high angle resolution. In designing OPAs, there are several design
tradeoffs and challenges to balance various requirements in automotive applications, such as cost of materials, size of the LiDAR, scanning
resolutions and detection range. The Company’s design aims to achieve balance for mass production, but also retains flexibility
to be upgraded for high end vehicle models.
ADB Total Solution. ADB,
or Adaptive Driving Beam, is designed to ensure that the oncoming or preceding vehicles are not dazzled by the light. The lighting system
must generate multiple independently switchable light patterns to significantly improve the length and width of nighttime illumination.
ADB illuminates a distance greater than 150 meters, providing a clearer vision of the surroundings for vehicles traveling at high speeds.
It offers a larger nighttime field of vision for navigating sharp bends or obstacles outside the road, while also automatically avoiding
glare for other vehicles, thus greatly reducing the occurrence of nighttime accidents. The ADB system will need to be able to not only
determine the position and distance of oncoming vehicles, but adjust the light projection area to prevent headlight glare and traffic
accidents. The key hardware technologies lie in the precise manufacturing of the light source module. ADB headlight technology primarily
includes mechanical shutters, LED matrix beams, Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD), LCD, micro Adaptive Front-Lighting System (μAFS),
and laser scanning. However, due to the requirements of complex driving environment, there is still significant room for improvement in
terms of lighting pixel performance and brightness capabilities.
To improve on performance and
brightness, the Company’s ADB module — the DMD-Hybrid system — includes the following components:
high contrast fluorescent chips, color filter, and WLO components. The Company’s DMD-Hybrid system utilizes white phosphor-based technology
and high-resolution DMD in conjunction with automotive sensors to meet the requirements for adaptive dynamic adjustment of the lighting
area. This enables the headlight to have ADB functionality (controlling illumination for oncoming vehicles, pedestrians, and road signs)
as well as projection capabilities (road markings and lane assistance). The Company’s ADB module complies with automotive lighting
regulations and can withstand high temperatures and humid environments, demonstrating high reliability. The developed ADB module meets
the ECE European headlight regulations and the requirements of ADB testing according to the standards of the Society of Automotive Engineers
(SAE).
Technical Approach
Currently, most LiDAR companies
in the market employ either the first-generation mechanically rotating LiDAR or the second-generation MEMS mirror scanning LiDAR. However,
both of these generations involve moving mechanical components, leading to concerns regarding operation and reliability. Therefore, the
pursuit in the industry is towards a fully solid-state scanning approach. The Company has focused on developing commercially viable
solutions for solid-state LiDAR and laser projection-based ADB headlights by using emitter components like OPA/VCSEL/FMCW/ASIC. The
Company’s efforts have been recognized in that the Company’s R&D partner, the NCHU team, won two Future Tech Awards in
2021 and Taiwan government grants in 2021 and 2022. The Company’s LiDAR solution includes the following components:
| 1. | ASIC (This chip processes the signal coming from the detectors
and controls the system functions.): Elevating the optical budget of the system and optimizing detection capabilities within a specified
optical budget. |
| 2. | FMCW: Can determine the range, speed, and movement of objects. |
| 3. | OPA: Incorporating a reflective structure with semiconductor
processes, offering cost advantages. |
| 4. | Single crystal phosphor plate: With a higher thermal conductivity
coefficient, these plates outperform standard commercial fluorescence plates by over two times. |
| 5. | VCSEL: Enhancing light emission energy and addressing heat
dissipation concerns. |
| 6. | Wafer optical component: Distributing light output to enhance
overall optical system efficiency. |
The Company plans to achieve
high point-cloud quality for solid-state LiDAR through the development and utilization of proprietary devices such as OPA/VCSEL/FMCW/ASIC,
along with customized signal processing algorithms.
The Company’s IC chipsets
used in LiDAR and ADB modules has the technical advantages of leveraging both semiconductor and solid-state processes, offering substantial
optimizations in terms of stability, cost-effectiveness, compactness, and power efficiency. The Company plans to outsource the production
of its IC chipsets to third party semiconductor manufacturers to reduce cost of manufacturing. The Company expects that the ample production
capacity of Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturers will be able to meet the Company’s potential production needs. The anticipated
applications for the Company’s IC chipsets include Level 3 autonomous driving systems, unmanned vehicles, rail transport, and security
and surveillance.
Material Partnerships
Relationship with NCHU
The Company has formed a close
research partnership with the research team lead by Professor Chun-Nien Liu at NCHU. The Company started its collaboration with
Professor Liu in relation to high performance laser projectors in 2015 and has been in collaboration with Professor Liu on various aspects
of LiDAR and ADB technologies, including the development of low temperature static glass phosphor for advanced laser light source, LiDAR
modules in laser headlights, high efficiency photoluminescence display module in scanning laser lighting, advanced high power laser light
sources, and hybrid solid-state LiDAR modules for self-driving vehicles, since 2017.
The Company typically enters
into research collaboration with Professor Liu and NCHU for each research project, with the Company providing partial funding for each
such research project. The Company’s R&D personnel will also participate in the research and development process of each research
project. For each research project, NCHU retains the intellectual property for any development resulted from it. In return for its contribution,
the Company typically receives a non-exclusive license to commercialize the intellectual properties, while NCHU agrees not to grant
any license to third parties for two years.
On November 4, 2022, the
Company entered into a joint development agreement with NCHU and Professor Liu to jointly develop hybrid LiDAR for self-driving vehicles
(the “2022 Joint Development Agreement”). Pursuant to the 2022 Joint Development Agreement, the Company contributes
approximately 35% of the total research expenses and pays a one-time license fee of NTD 1 million to NCHU. In return, the
Company receives a non-exclusive license to commercialize the intellectual properties derived from the research activities under
a license agreement entered into among NCHU, Professor Liu and the Company on November 10, 2022. Each of NCHU and Professor Liu agrees
not to grant any other license to use the intellectual properties under for two years following the signing date of the license agreement.
Relationship with Foxconn via NCHU
The Company has forged a strategic
partnership with Foxconn through the Company’s collaboration with NCHU. This partnership is based on the breakthroughs in the
Company’s research in core components such as OPA, FMCW, and ASIC components, and LiDAR solutions.
Foxconn had entrusted NCHU
to help Foxconn develop LiDAR solutions for EV. Given the Company’s expertise in LiDAR, NCHU collaborated with the Company
to help deliver the LiDAR solution for Foxconn. The partnership between the Company and NCHU (and indirectly with Foxconn) was solidified
on November 4, 2022, when the Company entered into the 2022 Joint Development Agreement. This collaboration focuses on providing
pivotal chips and comprehensive solutions for high-performance solid-state LiDAR and ADB smart vehicle lighting, respectively.
The Company submitted the prototype of its LiDAR and ADB systems to Foxconn for testing and validation on May 22, 2022, and expects
to work with Foxconn to customize the prototype for mass production. Foxconn has expressed its willingness to select the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB systems in the MIH EV platform subject to successful validation and testing of the Company’s prototype. Hence, the
Company believes that its close working relationship with NCHU and its relationship with Foxconn through NCHU will position it uniquely
in the evolving EV industry.
Relationship with ZF Group via NCHU
Through the partnership with
Foxconn, ZF Group, a close partner with Foxconn in its MIH platform, has expressed its interest to integrate the Company’s LiDAR
and ADB systems in ZF Group’s offering to car manufacturers in Europe. The Company anticipates submitting the prototype of its LiDAR
and ADB systems to ZF Group for testing and validation in the second quarter of 2024, and expects to work with ZF Group to customize the
prototype for mass production. ZF Group is a Tier-1 supplier to many renowned automobile brands in Europe. After the solid-state LiDAR
and ADB solutions have been tested and validated by ZF Group, the Company is expected to provide customized solid-state LiDAR and
ADB total solutions to ZF Group for integration in vehicles sold in the European markets.
Relationship with Pegatron via NCHU
Through Professor Liu, the
Company’s research achievement has also attracted the attention of Pegatron, who has expressed willingness to integrate the Company’s
LiDAR and ADB systems in Pegatron’s offering to car manufacturers. The Company anticipates submitting the prototype of its LiDAR
and ADB systems to Pegatron for testing and validation in the fourth quarter of 2024, and expects to work with Pegatron to customize the
prototype for mass production. Pegatron is a Tier-1 supplier to the EV market in the United States whose customers include Tesla.
After the solid-state LiDAR and ADB solutions have been tested and validated by Pegatron, the Company is expected to provide customized
solid-state LiDAR and ADB total solutions to Pegatron for integration in EVs sold in the U.S. market.
The working relationships with
Foxconn, ZF Group and Pegatron underscore the Company’s dedication to delivering cutting-edge solutions and its ability to
meet the stringent requirements of the vehicle certifications. The Company’s commitment to quality and safety certifications is
backed by regular audits from OEM and Tier-1 supplier partners, ensuring the adherence to industry standards and functional safety
norms. This collaborative effort positions the Company uniquely and sets the stage for continued innovation and leadership in the rapidly
evolving EV industry.
Relationships with Semiconductor Manufacturers
The Company has developed amicable
relationships and has ongoing discussions with well-known semiconductor manufacturers regarding IC design and production specifics.
The Company expects that its existing relationship with semiconductor manufacturers will enable it to quickly ramp up production capacity
of IC Chipsets through purchase orders, if needed, and provide the Company with the crucial understandings of the intricacies of IC design
and production, which will help the Company to align design and production cycle and ensure reliability in the Company’s products.
The collaboration leverages
Taiwan’s mature semiconductor vertical supply chain. The Company plans to design pivotal chips and collaborate with well-known semiconductor
manufacturers for the manufacturing process. This vertical production flow aims to make low-cost, high-performance solid-state LiDAR
and ADB headlights a tangible commercial prospect.
Research and Development
Addressing the cost and performance
challenges posed by high-priced LiDAR and ADB modules, which have impeded the swift integration of autonomous driving by automotive
manufacturers, the Company has adopted a comprehensive strategy: the Company has undertaken the complete design of essential chips and
components within the LiDAR and ADB modules: OPA, VCSEL, FMCW, ASIC, and optical components. This approach has resulted in the establishment
of an extensive portfolio of related intellectual property, a factor that the Company believes confers on the Company a significant competitive
advantage, as it adds to the challenge for other market participants to effectively develop and commercialize comparable solutions.
The assembly of LiDAR systems
is an additional aspect that increases their price and decreases performance. One of the most challenging design problems is the location
of the transmitter and the receiver which must be spatially separated to avoid crosstalk. Complicated designs to address this issue will
also increase manufacturing complexity and reduce production yields. The Company’s proprietary design enables its design to not
only to integrate the core building blocks of the LiDAR on a single chip but also to realize a true monostatic design in which the Company
can transmit and receive from the same pixel, while having a relatively simple assembly process.
The Company’s chip designs
(such as OPA, VCSEL, FMCW, and ASIC) provide a cost-effective, calibration-and maintenance-light, scalable, and reliable high-performing System-on-Chip (SoC).
A SoC is a highly integrated semiconductor device that incorporates multiple electronic components and functions into a single microchip.
It is designed to provide a complete computing or processing system on a single chip, often including a microprocessor or microcontroller,
memory, input/output interfaces, and various specialized hardware components. Their integration of multiple functions onto a single chip
offers several advantages, including reduced power consumption, smaller form factors, and improved performance, making them a key enabler
of autonomous vehicles.
Recent Successful Technology or Product
Developments
The Company has achieved the
product and technology breakthroughs as outlined in the following table:
| Year |
|
Research and Development Achievements |
| 2017 |
|
● |
Development of high-temperature resistant isotropic optical component wafer |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of flow-temperature static phosphor for advanced laser automotive lighting source |
| |
|
|
|
| 2018 |
|
● |
Development of high-temperature static phosphor |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Implementation of fully automated inspection system |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Improvement of dielectric coating production technology |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of miniaturized white laser light module |
| Year |
|
Research and Development Achievements |
| 2019 |
|
● |
Development of high- reliability static phosphor process |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Optimization of automated production equipment |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Optimization of phosphor wheel production technology and equipment |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of high- temperature, high-resolution color automotive GOBO |
| |
|
|
|
| 2020 |
|
● |
Development of laser stage lighting fixtures |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of laser processes for phosphors and optical component substrates |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Improvement of yield in dielectric coating production |
| |
|
|
|
| 2021 |
|
● |
Development of solid-state LiDAR prototype |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of multifunctional optics of ADB headlights |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of automation measurement system for isotropic optical components |
| |
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
● |
Development of OPA chip |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Development of DMD-Hybrid System of ADB headlight prototype |
| |
|
|
|
| 2023 |
|
● |
Development of multi-sensor fusion algorithm |
Competition
Competition in the automotive
LiDAR and ADB markets is extremely fierce. Automakers and their markets are very sensitive to the cost of high-value components like
LiDAR and ADB. Many emerging companies continue to work on the research and development of high-value semiconductor components,
including multi-function, high computing speed and cost-effective chips. This fierce competition promotes rapid technological advancement.
The number of cars equipped with this technology will increase significantly over the next decade.
LiDAR Market
The market for competitive
automotive sensing solutions that enable autonomous driving is still developing. As a result, the Company faces competition from a range
of companies seeking to developing LiDAR solutions or sensing solutions utilizing other technologies to be incorporated in self-driving vehicles
and it may take a period of time for its primary competitors to emerge. The Company’s competitors mainly consist of companies developing
LiDAR technologies focusing on automotive applications and car manufacturers that have developed, are in the process of developing, their
own sensing solutions, using LiDAR technologies or other sensing systems, such as camera.
The Company’s competitors
are working to advance technology, reliability, and innovation in their development of new and improved solutions. The Company expects
that its products will continue to face competition from existing competitors and new companies emerging in the LiDAR, camera and radar
industries. Within the LiDAR segment of the industry, where competition is based significantly on performance and cost and energy efficiency,
the Company faces competition from companies utilizing a variety of laser wavelengths such as ~905nm and ~1550nm lasers, as well as a
variety of steering mechanisms, such as mechanical, Optical Phased Array, MEMS, Flash or other Solid State LiDARs. Some of the competitors
have formed close partnerships with top-tier automotive OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers to test and deploy their solutions, and have
advanced to commercialization stages.
Some of the Company’s
competitors have opted to develop systems to only use other sensing technologies, such as camera or a combination of camera and radar,
as sensing solutions for self-driving vehicles. Some competitors are currently selling solutions that offer lower levels of performance
in ADAS. In the passenger car ADAS market, a number of competitors have already achieved substantial market share using camera and
radar-based perception sensing solutions.
The Company believes that LiDAR
technologies will be an integral part of total sensing solution empowering self-driving vehicles. By leveraging the Taiwanese semi-conductor industry,
the Company believes that its products will deliver good performance while driving down the costs for LiDAR. The Company’s
partnership with several Tier-1 partners demonstrated the market acceptance of the Company’s products.
While LiDAR competitors will
continue to emerge and recede, the Company believes that its LiDAR products and close working relationships with its Tier-1 partners
have created completive advantage to other competitors. The Company expects that its technology and continuing innovation, as well as
its cooperation with leading Tier-1 companies, will establish its position as a leader in advancing LiDAR technology in the market
based on several market differentiators.
ADB Market
The market for intelligent
car lighting system to improve road safety is still developing, but the market for car lighting system is well established. As a result,
the Company faces competition from a range of established automotive appliance manufactures developing ADB systems for automotive uses
and automotive manufactures who have developed, or are in the process of developing, their own ADB systems.
The Company’s competitors
typically are focusing on ADB systems utilizing LED lights as light sources. The Company believes that its ADB systems utilizing laser
lights as light sources is more competitive in terms of illumination range, image resolution and energy efficiency than the current offering
of ADB systems. However, LED as a light source for car lighting systems has been adopted by the majority of the market due to its cost
effectiveness, durability, low manufacturing complexity and low maintenance costs. In the luxury vehicle segments, where cost is of less
concern, the Company has witnessed increased adoption of laser powered ADB systems. The Company believes that with the development of
laser technologies, the laser based ADB systems will be more widely adopted for vehicles at lower price range.
The Company’s competitors
have achieved substantial market share in the car lighting system and have developed longstanding relationship with automotive manufacturers.
These competitors will likely leverage their existing market position to capture ADB markets. The Company expects that it will need to
include more functionality in its products and price the products at a competitive pricing point to effectively compete with the established
competitors. The Company’s current partnership with several Tier-1 suppliers demonstrated that the market acceptance of the
Company’s products.
The Company believes that its
ADB systems using superior laser lights as lighting source and its deep knowledge in laser technology will allow its products to be effectively
differentiated from other offerings in the market. The Company believes that its existing relationship with Tier-1 suppliers will
help establish itself as a serious competitor in the ADB market.
Sales and Marketing
The Company has a history of
specializing in laser applied modules and their components, serving a variety of industries such as projectors, automotive lighting, sensors,
and laser stage lights. To date, the Company primarily conducts sales and marketing using its own dedicated in-house sales team in
Taiwan. Typically, the Company’s sales team markets the Company’s laser module and optical component products through trade
shows, marketing campaigns and industry relationships. The Company has developed relationships with several automotive components suppliers
for laser modules.
Over time, the Company has
strategically shifted its sales and marketing focus towards providing essential semiconductor components and solutions for solid-state LiDAR
and ADB headlights, meeting stringent automotive industry standards such as AEC-Q100, ISO 26262, and IATF 16949. These components and
solutions are characterized by their exceptional performance, cost-efficiency, and automotive-grade reliability, making them integral
for large-scale advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving technologies.
Through its partnership with
NCHU, the Company’s partnership with Foxconn, ZF Group and Pegatron, renowned Tier-1 suppliers, demonstrates the marketability
and sophistication of the Company’s products.
Leveraging partnerships with
Foxconn’s MIH EV platform, ZF Group, and Pegatron, the Company plans to further market its products to Tier-1 suppliers and
car manufacturers in major automotive markets, such as the U.S., the PRC and Europe, through endorsement from existing partners, attending
trade shows, and conducting market campaigns.
By strategically positioning
itself in these key markets, the Company maintains a strong global presence, allowing for continuous monitoring of global market trends.
This approach enables the Company to respond promptly and adapt swiftly to mitigate the impact of market fluctuations, ensuring sustained
growth and adaptability in the ever-evolving automotive industry.
Manufacturing
The Company currently manufactures
all of its products at its own facilities at the Central Taiwan Science Park. With strategically positioned offices at Hsin-Chu Science
Park, the Company actively fosters collaboration with semiconductor experts and develops technologies within Taiwan’s semiconductor
supply chain.
The manufacturing process for
the Company’s optical components products encompasses several crucial steps:
| 1. | Grinding: This initial phase of the manufacturing process
involves precision grinding of raw materials. It’s a meticulous procedure aimed at achieving the desired shape and specifications
for the optical components. |
| 2. | Screening: During this step, the processed materials undergo
screening to ensure that they meet stringent quality and size requirements. The screening process is vital to maintain the integrity
of the optical components. |
| 3. | Mixing: The mixed materials are precisely combined to create
the composition necessary for the optical components. This step demands precision to guarantee the desired optical properties. |
| 4. | Sintering: Sintering is a critical heat treatment process
where the mixed materials are subjected to high temperatures, causing them to compact and fuse together. This step is essential to achieve
the required material density and structure for optimal optical performance. |
| 5. | Slicing: After the sintering process, the optical components
are sliced into the desired shapes and sizes. Precision slicing ensures that the components meet exact specifications and performance
standards. |
Following the completion of
the slicing process, rigorous inspection and meticulous packaging procedures are carried out to ensure the quality and protection of the
optical components.
The primary raw materials used in the Company’s optical components
manufacturing include yttrium oxide powder, lutetium oxide powder, aluminum oxide powder, cerium oxide powder, zirconia bricks, high-refractive-index coating
targets, low-refractive-index coating targets, aluminum substrates, and various packaging materials. To secure a stable supply chain,
the Company typically engages multiple suppliers for each type of raw material. Notably, during the fiscal years ending on December 31,
2022 and 2023, the Company experienced no shortages of raw materials, ensuring uninterrupted manufacturing operations.
The design and manufacturing
process for the Company’s semiconductor chips utilizing Taiwan’s semiconductor ecosystem is as follows:
| 1. | Design and Development: The process begins with the design
of semiconductor chips tailored to the specific requirements of applications like LiDAR and ADB. This phase involves research and
development efforts to create efficient and reliable chip designs. The Company designs the relevant chipset inhouse with close collaboration
with its Tier-1 suppliers. |
| 2. | Wafer Fabrication (outsourced): Semiconductor chips are typically
fabricated on thin wafers made of silicon or other semiconductor materials. The wafer fabrication process involves the deposition of
various thin films, patterning using photolithography, and etching to create the chip’s circuitry. Wafer fabrication will be performed
by third party semiconductor manufacturers to improve the cost-effectiveness and efficiency. |
| 3. | Packaging (outsourced): Once the semiconductor chips are
fabricated, they are carefully packaged to protect them from external factors such as moisture and physical damage. Packaging also provides
electrical connections to external devices. Packaging will be performed by third party semiconductor manufacturers to improve the cost-effectiveness and
efficiency. |
| 4. | Testing and Inspection (outsourced): Throughout and at the
end of the wafer fabrication and packaging process, rigorous testing and inspection procedures are used to identify defects, ensure quality
control, and verify that the chips meet design specifications. Typically, the testing and inspection will be performed by third party
semiconductor manufacturers. The Company may also engage another third party inspection firm for its inspection services. |
| 5. | Final Testing: After packaging, the chips undergo comprehensive
testing to verify their functionality and performance. This includes electrical, functional, and reliability testing. |
The Company follows stringent
quality assurance protocols to guarantee that the manufactured chips meet industry standards and customer requirements. The Company leverages
Taiwan’s semiconductor ecosystem to ensure the highest quality and performance of its semiconductor chips. Notably, during the fiscal years
ending on December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company experienced no shortages of raw materials, ensuring uninterrupted
manufacturing operations.
The manufacturing process for
the Company’s laser lights, LiDAR, ADB modules includes the following steps:
| 1. | Essential component procurement: The manufacturing process
begins with the procurement of essential components. The Company collaborates with multiple trusted suppliers for each type of raw material
to maintain a reliable supply chain. |
| 2. | Assembly: The various components are assembled meticulously,
following strict quality control procedures. This step requires a highly skilled workforce to ensure the precise alignment and connection
of each element. |
| 3. | Testing and Quality Control: Rigorous testing and quality
control checks are conducted at various stages of assembly to identify and rectify any defects or deviations from specifications. This
includes optical performance testing, electrical testing, and durability assessments. |
| 4. | Calibration: The laser lights modules undergo a calibration
process to fine-tune their performance and ensure that they meet the specified output parameters. This step is critical to achieving
optimal laser performance. |
| 5. | Integration: Once the individual components and modules pass
all quality checks and calibration, they are integrated into the final laser lights module. This step involves careful handling to avoid
contamination and damage. |
| 6. | Final Testing: A final round of comprehensive testing is
conducted on the fully assembled laser lights modules. This includes functionality tests, environmental tests, and performance evaluations
to guarantee that each module meets or exceeds the required standards. |
The essential components for
the Company’s laser lights, LiDAR, ADB modules include laser light source, optical components, photodetectors, semiconductor chips,
amplifiers, MEMS, display/control interfaces, power management components, communication interfaces, enclosures and various packaging
materials. The Company typically engages multiple suppliers for each type of essential components, and has not experience any shortage
of essential components during the financial years that ended December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023.
Seasonality
The automotive industry, in
contrast to many other sectors, exhibits a remarkable degree of stability and is characterized by its resistance to seasonal fluctuations.
The automotive sector remains largely unaffected by the traditional seasonal patterns and external factors that influence other industries.
The History and Development of the Company
The table below shows the significant
events in the Company’s history since its founding in October 2009.
| Year |
|
Significant Events in the Company’s History |
| 2009 |
|
● |
Completed its registration and was established, named Taiwan Color Optics, Inc. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2012 |
|
● |
Obtained certification as a qualified supplier of critical components to Texas Instruments (TI). |
| |
|
|
|
| 2015 |
|
● |
Obtained approval to establish a facility in the Central Taiwan Science Park. |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Received the first prize in the Annual Awards from the Asia Science Park Association (ASPA). |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Awarded Taiwan government’s research project grant for collaboration with NCHU Prof. Wood-Hi Cheng and Chun-Nien Liu’s R&D team. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2018 |
|
● |
Obtained approval to establish a Research and Development Center in the Hsinchu Science Park. |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Shipped automotive optical component products to the German manufacturer BMW for laser car lamps. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2020 |
|
● |
Established partnership with Foxconn through NCHU team. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2021 |
|
● |
Joined Foxconn’s MIH EV Platform. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
● |
Obtained IATF 16949 certification for automotive quality management systems. |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
● |
Established partnership with ZF group through the Company’s involvement with MIH EV Platform. |
| |
|
|
|
| 2023 |
|
● |
Established partnership with Pegatron through NCHU team. |
Employees and Human Capital
The Company is committed to
nurturing a culture that places a strong emphasis on teamwork, values creativity, professionalism, transparency, constructive dissent,
and accountability among its employees. This cultural ethos is reflected in the Company’s recruitment decisions.
Throughout various stages of
growth, the Company has successfully attracted and retained talented individuals and leaders from both the automotive and consumer electronics
industries to drive the realization of its ambitious vision.
As of December 31, 2023,
the Company had a workforce of 58 employees. The employees at the Company are not organized under any labor unions, and the company is
proud of its positive reputation in maintaining healthy employee relations. To date, the Company has not experienced work stoppages, strikes,
or any disputes with its employees.
The following table sets forth
the number of the Company’s employees categorized by function as of December 31, 2023.
| Function | |
Number of
Employees | |
| Research & Development | |
| 18 | |
| Manufacturing | |
| 27 | |
| Administrative | |
| 11 | |
| Sales and Marketing | |
| 2 | |
| Total | |
| 58 | |
Intellectual Property
The success and competitive
edge of the Company are dependent on its capacity to develop and safeguard core technologies and intellectual property. The Company possesses
a range of intellectual property, including patents and registered trademarks, confidential technical information, and knowhow in LiDAR
and ADB technology, as well as software development.
The Company has submitted patent
and trademark applications to further bolster these rights and enhance its ability to defend against third parties. Moreover, the Company
secures its proprietary rights through agreements with business partners, supply chain vendors, employees, and consultants, alongside
vigilant monitoring of industry trends and product developments.
As of December 31, 2023,
the Company held 24 approved and granted patents and has two pending patent applications, in the United States, Taiwan and the PRC.
The Company’s patents and patent applications span a broad spectrum of system-level and component-level aspects of its
core technologies, encompassing LiDAR systems, ADB systems, lasers, scanners, fluorescent materials, optical components, and sensing technologies.
Patents — Taiwan
| No. |
|
Patent No. |
|
Application
Date |
|
Issue Date |
|
Patent Name |
|
Patent
Duration |
| 1 |
|
I721380 |
|
2019/2/27 |
|
2021/3/11 |
|
Lighting Device with Safeguard Means and Wavelength Converting Device Thereof |
|
2021/3/11 – 2039/2/26 |
| 2 |
|
I684820 |
|
2019/2/27 |
|
2020/2/11 |
|
Diffusion Color Wheel with Different Gloss And Illumination Module of Projecting Device |
|
2020/2/11 – 2039/2/26 |
| 3 |
|
M588266 |
|
2019/08/27 |
|
2019/12/21 |
|
Optical Color Wheel Device |
|
2019/12/21 – 2029/08/26 |
| 4 |
|
I680341 |
|
2019/02/27 |
|
2019/12/21 |
|
Light Source Module for Projecting Device |
|
2019/12/21 – 2039/02/26 |
| 5 |
|
I680307 |
|
2019/02/25 |
|
2019/12/21 |
|
White Light Illumination System |
|
2019/12/21 – 2039/02/24 |
| 6 |
|
I632421 |
|
2017/05/19 |
|
2018/08/11 |
|
Optical Wheel |
|
2018/08/11 – 2037/05/18 |
| 7 |
|
I603119 |
|
2013/11/18 |
|
2017/10/21 |
|
Glass Fluorescent Color Wheel and The Manufacturing Method Thereof |
|
2017/10/21 – 2033/11/17 |
| 8 |
|
I589543 |
|
2015/05/26 |
|
2017/07/01 |
|
Method for Producing Sheets of Glass Phosphor |
|
2017/07/01 – 2035/05/25 |
| 9 |
|
I576651 |
|
2015/10/08 |
|
2017/04/01 |
|
Projector Compound Optical Color Wheel Device |
|
2017/04/01 – 2035/10/07 |
| 10 |
|
I556053 |
|
2015/01/14 |
|
2016/11/01 |
|
Optical Module for An Optical Projection Apparatus |
|
2016/11/01 – 2035/01/13 |
| 11 |
|
I556052 |
|
2015/01/14 |
|
2016/11/01 |
|
Optical Color Wheel Assembly and Optical Color Wheel Thereof |
|
2016/11/01 – 2035/01/13 |
| 12 |
|
I548927 |
|
2013/11/18 |
|
2016/09/11 |
|
Glass Fluorescent Color Wheel with An Anti-Reflective Coating Layer |
|
2016/09/11 – 2033/11/17 |
| 13 |
|
I526768 |
|
2013/11/05 |
|
2016/03/21 |
|
Laser Projector Module Utilizes Glass Phosphor As A Color Mixing Element |
|
2016/03/21 – 2033/11/04 |
| 14 |
|
I498601 |
|
2013/11/05 |
|
2015/09/01 |
|
Multi-Band Glass Fluorescent Color Conversion Film and The Manufacturing Method Thereof |
|
2015/09/01 – 2033/11/04 |
| 15 |
|
I498599 |
|
2013/11/05 |
|
2015/09/01 |
|
Method for Manufacturing A Low Temperature Glass Phosphor Lens and The Lens Manufactured Thereof |
|
2015/09/01 – 2033/11/04 |
| 16 |
|
I498661 |
|
2013/11/05 |
|
2015/09/01 |
|
Integrated Glass Fluorescent Color Wheel and The Manufacturing Method Thereof |
|
2015/09/01 – 2033/11/04 |
| 17 |
|
M483456 |
|
2013/12/31 |
|
2014/08/01 |
|
Color Wheel and Color Wheel System Including The Same |
|
2014/08/01 – 2023/12/30 |
| 18 |
|
M483448 |
|
2013/12/31 |
|
2014/08/01 |
|
Anisotropic Optical Device |
|
2014/08/01 – 2023/12/30 |
Patents — U.S.
| No. |
|
Patent No. |
|
Application No. |
|
Patent Name |
| 1 |
|
9850158 |
|
15/164,319 |
|
Method for Producing Sheets of Glass Phosphor |
| 2 |
|
10310252 |
|
15/810043 |
|
Optical Wheel |
| 3 |
|
10845033 |
|
16/797532 |
|
White Light Illumination System |
| 4 |
|
11467430 |
|
16/800096 |
|
Light Source Device with Safety Mechanism and Wavelength Converting Device Thereof |
Patents — People’s
Republic of China
| No. |
|
Patent No. |
|
Application No. |
|
Patent Name |
| 1 |
|
ZL201520344114.8 |
|
201520344114.8 |
|
Optical diffuser plate and its module |
| 2 |
|
ZL201921470287.9 |
|
201921470287.9 |
|
Optical color wheel device |
Trademarks
| No. |
|
Mark |
|
Registration No. |
|
Class |
|
Status |
|
Expiration Date |
| 1. |
|
 |
|
02074406 |
|
099 |
|
Valid |
|
2030/07/31 |
| 2. |
|
 |
|
01761245 |
|
009 |
|
Valid |
|
2026/03/31 |
| 3. |
|
 |
|
01803294 |
|
009 |
|
Valid |
|
2026/11/15 |
| 4. |
|
|
|
02074601 |
|
011 |
|
Valid |
|
2030/07/31 |
Cybersecurity Management
The Company has established
an information department responsible for planning, implementing, developing, and managing various information systems and equipment within
the Company. It is also responsible for formulating and implementing information security and management guidelines, conducting security
operations, promoting security awareness, and handling security incidents. The Company has implemented specific information security management
policies for operations including ERP systems, Easy Flow approval systems, internet and email usage, password settings, software downloads,
storage media, and file backups. Additionally, proactive monitoring of network traffic is performed, and any anomalies are promptly addressed.
Employee education and training on information security are conducted periodically to cultivate a culture of security awareness.
The Company has not experienced any information security incidents in the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2021, nor has it incurred any losses or impacts therefrom.
Facilities
The Company leases all of its
facilities, and does not own any real property. The Company believes that its current facilities are adequate to meet its immediate needs
and that, should it be needed, additional space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to accommodate any expansion of the
Company’s operations.
The Company’s corporate
headquarters are located at 4F., No.32, Keya Rd., Daya District, Central Taiwan Science Park, Taichung City 42881, Taiwan, where it leases
an office with 1141.75 square meters pursuant to a lease agreement that is in effect until December 31, 2024. The corporate headquarters
primarily contain engineering, research and development, sales and administrative functions.
In addition, the Company also
leases factory premises located in the Central Taiwan Science Park, with aggregate 3233.07 square meters pursuant to lease agreements
that are in effect until December 31, 2024. The facilities primarily contain manufacturing, research and development, testing functions.
The Company also leases one
factory premise at 3A1-3, 3F., No.1, Lixing 1st Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30078, Taiwan, with 372.53 square
meters pursuant to a lease agreement that are in effect until December 31, 2024. The facility primarily contains research and development
functions.
Regulation
Regulations on Company Establishment
The establishment, operation
and management of companies in Taiwan is governed by the Taiwan Company Act, which was latest amended on December 29, 2021. There
are four types of companies in Taiwan: unlimited company, unlimited company with limited liability shareholders, limited company and company
limited by shares. Unlimited company and unlimited company with limited liability shareholders are rarely used in practice; a company
limited by shares is the most common form of business undertaken for foreign investors in Taiwan. The Taiwan Company Act applies to both
Taiwan domestic companies and foreign-invested companies, unless otherwise provided in the relevant foreign investment laws and regulations.
The Company is a company limited
by shares, and has been current with its corporate filings with the Central Taiwan Science Park Bureau.
Regulations on Foreign Investment
The principal regulations governing
foreign investments in Taiwan are the Statute for Investment by Foreign Nationals, the Regulations for Verification of Investment by Overseas
Chinese and Foreign Nationals, and the Regulations Governing Investment in Securities by Overseas Chinese and Foreign Nationals. In order
to efficiently provide services and manage foreign investments, Taiwan government has specifically established the Taiwan Investment Commission.
All investments made by foreign
nationals within the territory of Taiwan must comply with the provisions of the Statute for Investment by Foreign Nationals and receive
permission from the Taiwan Investment Commission. According to the administrative ordinance “Negative List for Investment by Overseas
Chinese and Foreign Nationals” issued by the Taiwan Investment Commission, Taiwan maintains a negative list of industries closed
to foreign investment because the authorities assert relate to national security and environmental protection, including public utilities,
power distribution, natural gas, postal service, telecommunications, mass media, and air and sea transportation. Except for certain specific
sensitive activities, foreign investments in a Taiwan listed company are generally not restricted in Taiwan but are subject to the prior
approval from the Taiwan Investment Commission if a foreign investor wants to acquire 10% or more of the shares of a Taiwan listed company.
The approval must be obtained before the final completion of the transaction.
Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions
The main laws and regulations
governing merger and acquisition (“M&A”) activities in Taiwan are the Merger and Acquisition Act, the Company Act,
the Securities and Exchange Act and the Fair Trade Act.
The competent authority in
charge of the regulations in relation to M&A is the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The main regulatory body in charge of public M&A
transactions is the Securities and Futures Bureau of the Financial Supervisory Commission, the government agency in charge of public companies.
Other relevant regulatory bodies include the Fair Trade Commission, the authority in charge of antitrust clearance, and the Taiwan Investment
Commission, the authority in charge of reviewing foreign and PRC investments. If a participating company to a transaction holds any special
license, the transaction may also be subject to the review of the authority in charge of such special license.
Regulations on Building Construction and Use
Under the Building Act, a building
license required for new construction, extension, reconstruction or repair of buildings. A usage license is required for usage. When alterations
of usage occur after a building is constructed, such as in alterations of usage class, structure, fire-protection facilities, and
parking spaces or other alteration to the originally approved usage, a usage alteration license shall be applied for.
Further, under the Building
Act, users of public buildings shall entrust professional institutions or persons recognized by the central construction authority to
perform inspection and attestation periodically. Such inspection and attestation results shall be reported to the authority.
For all of its leased premises,
the Company has been compliant with the requirements of the Building Act, has been current in its yearly building safety and fire protection
filings, and has passed the periodic fire safety inspections. The Company has not been subject to sanctions or fines based on the Building
Act.
Regulations on Intellectual Property Rights
Patent Protection
Pursuant to the Patent Act,
amended on May 4, 2022, there are three types of patents in Taiwan: invention patents, utility model patents, and design patents,
the respective patent terms of which are 20, 10, and 15 years, all calculated from the filing date of a patent application,
while the patent rights are actionable from the issue date of the patent.
In terms of the infringement
disputes of a patent, the civil division of the Intellectual Property and Commercial Court (“IP Court”) hears civil
actions relating to patent infringement. If the defendant of an infringement action challenges the validity of the disputed patent as
a defense, the civil division will deal with the infringement and validity issues simultaneously. However, any person who intends to invalidate
the disputed patent in all aspects must file revocation proceedings (invalidation action) with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office
(“TIPO”). Decisions of the TIPO in an invalidation action can be appealed to the Ministry of Economic Affairs,
and subsequently to the IP Court by way of filing an administrative lawsuit.
Copyright
The Copyright Law provides
that original copyrightable works shall enjoy exclusive rights automatically upon their completion, with no form of registration required.
The competent authority for the application and registration of trademarks is the TIPO under the Ministry of Economic Affairs. A copyrighted
work is protected throughout the author’s lifetime and 50 years after.
As a copyright holder, when
enforcing a copyright, bears the burden of proving the copyright ownership (and sometimes even the creation time of the copyright, if
such issue is being raised), it is recommended to preserve relevant evidence by having it notarized by a notary public. For important
copyrighted work, it is recommendable to obtain a copyright certificate issued by a copyright owners’ organization so as to serve
as prima facie evidence of the completion and ownership of the copyright. However, it is important to note that such private organizations
do not and cannot conduct any substantive examination of the copyrightability of a work. Therefore, when a work’s copyrightable
is being challenged, only a court will have a final say over such dispute on a case-by-case basis.
Trademarks
Trademark rights in Taiwan
are governed by the Trademark Act. The competent authority for the application and registration of trademarks is the TIPO. Types
of protection include trademarks, certification marks, collective membership marks and collective trademarks. The trademarks which were
registered are protected for 10 years from publication in the Trademark Gazette. This term may be extended successively every 10 years
via application for renewal.
Trade Secrets
The Taiwan Trade Secret Act
mainly governs the following items: (1) the required elements of a trade secret; (2) ownership of a trade secret; (3) the
licensing of a trade secret; (4) misappropriation of a trade secret; (5) the civil remedy and criminal penalty for the misappropriation
of a trade secret; (6) the issuance of a protective order during criminal investigation. Pursuant to the Trade Secret Act, the information
that can be protected under the Trade Secret Act is defined as any method, technique, process, formula, program, design, or other information
that may be used in the course of production, sale or operation, and must meet the following requirements: (1) secrecy; (2) economic
value; and (3) reasonable measures to maintain secrecy. Under the Trade Secret Act, the types of misappropriation include acquisition,
use and divulging of a trade secret by unlawful means. The Trade Secret Act provides civil remedies and criminal penalties for trade-secret misappropriation.
Regulations on Personal Data Protection
Under Taiwan law, the Personal
Data Protection Act is the main law governing personal data protection. Under the Personal Data Protection Act, unless otherwise specified,
a company is generally required to give notice to and obtain consent from an individual before collecting, processing, or using any of
the said individual’s personal information, subject to certain exceptions.
Pursuant to the Personal Data
Protection Act, the personal data pertaining to a natural person’s medical records, healthcare, genetics, sex life, physical examination
and criminal records is classified as sensitive personal data, which shall be subject to certain stricter obligations.
In addition to the Personal
Data Protection Act, when conducting the clinical trial, the sponsor and the investigator shall also comply with other relative regulations
or practices with regard to the protection of the subject’s personal data, such as the Human Subjects Research Act and the Regulations
on Human Trials.
Regulations on Environmental Protection
The bedrock of environmental
protection in Taiwan is the Basic Environment Act. In addition to the Basic Environment Act, Taiwan regulations regulate each type of
pollution by a different set of regulations, including the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act, the Waste Disposal Act, the
Air Pollution Control Act, the Water Pollution Control Act, and Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substances Control Act. The competent authority
governing the environmental regulations is the Ministry of Environment. Failure to comply with such regulations may result in fines and
other administrative sanctions.
As the Company’s factory
is located within the Central Taiwan Science Park, the Company is directly under the supervision of the Central Taiwan Science Park Bureau
for its environmental compliance. Since its inception, the Company has received and maintained approval status from the Central Taiwan
Science Park for its industrial waste disposal plan and its water use/wastewater discharge plan pursuant to the Waste Disposal Act, the
Air Pollution Control Act, and the Water Pollution Control Act, and is current in its waste disposal payment dues to the Central Taiwan
Science Park. All related industrial waste is handled by qualified waste disposal contractors in compliance with local regulations.
The Central Taiwan Science
Park B regularly dispatches personnel to inspect wastewater discharge and to collect samples for testing. Based on the results of such
regular sampling, the Company’s wastewater discharge has been verified to meet the standards set by the Central Taiwan Science Park
Bureau.
Regulations on Foreign Currency Exchange
The principal regulation governing
foreign currency exchange in Taiwan is the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, amended on April 29, 2009. Pursuant to the Foreign
Exchange Regulation Act, Taiwan Dollars amounting under the amount of NTD 500,000 are freely convertible no matter what transaction
they are in relation with. On the other hand, the transactions involving NTD 500,000 or more or its equivalent in foreign currency shall
fulfill certain obligations as provided in the Regulations Governing the Declaration of Foreign Exchange Receipts and Disbursements or
Transactions.
Under the Regulations Governing
the Declaration of Foreign Exchange Receipts and Disbursements or Transactions, for those foreign exchange transactions which amounts
of NTD 500,000 or more and relates to the sales of goods or provision of services, such transaction shall be declared through filing a
declaration statement. For those foreign exchange transactions which are not related to the sales of goods or provision of services by
a company, ranging from NTD 500,000 to US$ 50 million, such transaction shall be declared through filing a declaration statement,
and providing supporting documents, such as contracts or letters of approval, to the bank. For those foreign exchange transactions by
a company, which are not related to the sales of goods or provision of services, amounting more than USD 50 million, such transaction
shall be declared through filing a declaration statement, providing supporting documents to the bank, and obtaining the approval of the
Central Bank of Taiwan.
Though Taiwan government has
promulgated the Regulations Governing Foreign Exchange Control on July 2, 1997, pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act,
the requirements for the government to implement those foreign exchange control measures should be subject to either of the following
conditions: (1) when the domestic or foreign economic disorder might endanger the stability of the domestic economy; and (2) when
this country suffers a severe balance of payments deficit. From the past history, Taiwan government only implemented those foreign exchange
control measures once in 1997 during the Asian Financial Crisis.
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing
dividend distribution is the Company Act. Pursuant to the Company Act, a Taiwan company may not pay dividends unless its losses have been
covered and statutory reserve funds, equaling 10% of a company’s after-tax net profits, have been set aside. However, in the
event that a company’s statutory reserve funds have reached the total amount of the company’s capital, the company does not
need to set aside any amounts for its statutory reserve funds. If a company has no net profits, in principle, it may not pay dividends.
Regulations on Employee Stock Incentive Plan
The principal regulations governing
dividend distribution is the Company Act. Pursuant to the Company Act, a Taiwan company may choose to implement the employee stock incentive
plan through five kinds of strategies: (1) employee stock compensation, (2) employee stock option certificates, (3) employee
subscription of new shares using cash as consideration, (4) treasury shares transferred to employees, (5) employee restricted
share units. After the amendment of the Company Act on August 1, 2018, transferring a company’s stocks to the employees of
the company’s parent company or its subsidiaries under the employee stock incentive plan is also permitted by law.
Regulations on Employment and Social Insurance
The labor law in Taiwan is
regulated mainly by the Labor Standards Act, amended in June 2020. The Labor Standards Act governs the terms and conditions of employment
such as working hours, holidays, rest periods, wages, overtime, leave, and termination of employment. According to Labor Standard
Act, an employer is required to reach an agreement on salary with the employees, in which the agreed salary shall meet with the minimum
amount set by the competent authority. Violations of the Labor Standards Act may result in fines and other administrative sanctions, and
serious violations may result in criminal liabilities.
In order to protect workers’
safety and health and to prevent occupational accidents, the employers in Taiwan are also required to comply with the Occupational Safety
and Health Act. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the employer shall arrange safety equipment to prevent any emergency.
In addition, the employer shall provide safety education and trainings for the employees which shall enable the employees to protect themselves
when any accident occurs.
Taiwan governmental authorities
have passed a variety of laws and regulations regarding social insurance and employee’s pension from time to time, including, among
others, the Labor Insurance Act, the National Health Insurance Act, the Labor Pension Act, and the Employment Insurance Act. Pursuant
to these laws and regulations, Taiwan companies must make contributions at specified levels for their employees to the relevant social
insurance and pension funds. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in various fines and legal sanctions.
The Company has been compliant
with all requirements under the aforementioned labor laws and regulations, and has never been sanctioned or fined for non-compliance since
its inception. The Company has not experienced disputes with employees which became subject to administrative review of the Labour Bureau
or litigation.
Regulations on Taxation
According to the Taiwan Income
Tax Act, a company incorporated in Taiwan is a Taiwan tax resident and will be subject to 20% corporate income tax on its worldwide income.
A non-resident company will be subject to 20% corporate income tax on its Taiwan-sourced income. If a resident company does
not distribute its financial earnings generated in a year to its shareholders by the end of the following year, a surtax of 5% would be
imposed on the undistributed earnings.
Effective from 2020, the Taiwan
Statute for Industrial Innovation was amended, which extends the tax incentive by 10 years until December 31, 2029 for R&D
expenditure. Under the tax incentive program, a company conducting qualifying R&D activities may select one of the following incentives:
(i) up to 15% of qualifying R&D expenses may be credited against corporate income tax payable in the current year; or (ii) up
to 10% of qualifying R&D expenses may be credited against corporate income tax payable in the year expenses incurred and carried forward
for the next 2 years. In addition, if a company uses NTD 1 million or more of its undistributed earnings to construct or purchase
buildings, software or hardware equipment, or technology for use in production or operation within 3 years from the year such earnings
are derived, such investment amounts may be deducted from the undistributed earnings in calculation of the current year’s undistributed
earnings for assessment of surtax imposed on undistributed earnings from the year 2018.
The alternative minimum tax
(“AMT”) imposed under the e is a supplemental income tax which applies if the amount of regular income tax calculated
pursuant to the Taiwan Income Tax Act and relevant laws and regulations is below the amount of basic tax prescribed under the Taiwan Income
Basic Tax Act. The taxable income for calculating AMT includes most income that is exempt from income tax under various legislations,
such as capital gains from qualified securities and future transactions. The prevailing AMT rate for business entities is 12%.
According to the Taiwan Income
Tax Act, a withholding tax rate of 21% shall generally be applicable to dividends distributed to non-Taiwan resident enterprise/individual
investors. The withholding tax on the dividends may be reduced pursuant to a tax treaty between Taiwan and the jurisdictions in which
the non-Taiwan shareholders reside. Taiwan currently has a treaty network with 34 countries.
Regulations Pertaining to the Company’s
Products
The Company’s current
product portfolio and LiDAR and ADB solutions do not require any mandatory government approval prior to commercial product launch under
the existing laws and regulations in Taiwan, the United States, or Europe.
However, in order to become
eligible to become a supplier for optical components and modules and automobile industry lighting products, there are several major industry
quality standards which the Company’s customers require the Company to attain, as follows:
ISO 9001:2015 specifies
requirements for a quality management system when an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and
services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the
effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and
applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. The Company has attained ISO 9001:2015 certification for the design, manufacture, processing,
and sale of optical products. The certification is valid until February 14, 2025.
ISO 14001:2015 specifies
the requirements for an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance and manage
its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability. ISO 14001:2015
helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which provide value for the environment, the
organization itself and interested parties. Consistent with the organization’s environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an
environmental management system include enhancement of environmental performance, fulfilment of compliance obligations, achievement of
environmental objectives. The Company has attained ISO 14001:2015 certification for the design, manufacture, processing, and sale of optical
products. The certification is valid until February 14, 2025.
IATF 16949:2016 is
the International Standard for Automotive Quality Management Systems. IATF 16949 emphasizes the development of a process-oriented quality
management system that provides for continual improvement, defect prevention and reduction of variation and waste in the supply chain.
The goal is to meet customer requirements efficiently and effectively. This standard is applicable to any organization that manufactures
components, assemblies and parts for supply to the automotive industry. The Company has attained IATF 16949:2016 certification for the
design and manufacture of headlight diffusers. The certification is valid until August 22, 2025.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company
may be subject to various legal proceedings that arise from the normal course of business activities. In addition, from time to time,
third parties may assert claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violation against the Company in the
form of letters and other forms of communication. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse
impact on the Company’s results of operations, prospects, cash flows, financial position and brand. Additionally, from time to time,
the Company may bring legal action to defend its intellectual property or otherwise protect the Company’s interests. The Company
is not currently a party to any actions, claims, suits or other legal proceedings the outcome of which, if determined adversely to it,
would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results
of operations.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has
one outstanding dispute. The Company made a complaint against a third party (“Third Party”) and such Third Party’s
employee for violation of the Company’s copyright under the Taiwan Copyright Law. The Taichung Prosecutor’s Office of Taiwan,
after investigation, filed a criminal complaint against the Third Party. The Taichung District Court accepted the case, titled Zhiziyi
No. 59. Currently, this criminal case is still pending. Concurrently, the Company plans to file an incidental civil lawsuit against the
Third Party before the end of oral debate of the first instance in the criminal case.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not Applicable
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial
condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this annual report, including information
with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As
a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements”
and “Risk Factors” in Section D under Item 3 of this annual report, our actual results could differ materially from the results
described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
+
Company Overview
We are a legacy of innovation
in the Fabless of IC design company. With company’s nearly 15-year tenure, our firm has established itself as a key player in the
semiconductor domain. Situated strategically in Hsinchu Science Park and Central Taiwan Science Park, we boast world-class research and
manufacturing facilities.
Our core expertise lies in
the development of AI chipsets, AI accelerators, System-on-Chip (SoC) designs, and optoelectronic sensor modules and components. Leveraging
Taiwan’s mature semiconductor ecosystem, we seamlessly integrate into the vertical supply chain, mastering silicon photonics and
semiconductor technologies.
Collaboration is central to
our ethos. Working hand-in-hand with esteemed Tier-1 or OEM partners, we drive innovation in LiDAR sensors, silicon photonics, and semiconductor
technologies. Our joint efforts span research, design, and real-world application, ensuring our solutions meet the evolving demands of
the market.
Adherence to industry standards
is paramount. Our products comply with rigorous automotive standards such as AEC-Q100, ISO 26262, and IATF 16949, making them ideal for
applications like autonomous driving, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), intelligent automotive lighting, optoelectronic sensors, AI data
fusion, and electronic fencing systems.
We are not just innovators;
we are enablers of progress. With a commitment to excellence and a passion for technological advancement, we are poised to redefine the
landscape of industries and drive transformative change on a global scale.
Key Factors Affecting Operating Results
We believe its performance
depends on several factors that present significant opportunities for it but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed
below and in the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 20-F.
Market Adoption
We believe that widespread
adoption of ADAS for autonomous driving is approaching and that it is well-positioned in both passenger cars and non-passenger vehicle
markets to take advantage of this opportunity. Many major brands offer cars with ADAS Suites (e.g. Ford’s Co-Pilot 360, Toyota Safety
Sense and BMW Active Driving Assistant) with L0-L2 features.
As the demand shifted toward
higher levels of autonomous driving, we expect that this demand will drive an increase in the adoption of LiDAR technology in ADAS and
autonomous driving systems. Accordingly, we expect the rate of actual adoption and commercialization of LiDAR based solution by automotive
OEMs and their suppliers, or the lack thereof, to impact its results of operations, including revenue and gross margins for the foreseeable
future.
Continued Investment and Innovation
The Company focus on penetrating
the LiDAR and ADB markets via key semiconductor chips and solution for solid-state LiDAR, which require heavy investment in R&D of
IC, optical components, and solid-state laser-based sources for LiDAR and ADB solutions. We believe that its financial performance is
significantly dependent on its ability to commercialize the R&D results and solidify its position in relevant market segments. This
in turn will depend on our future R&D investments and its ability to attract and retain highly qualified and experienced R&D personnels
and partners. These are necessary to continue the work required to bring our LiDAR and ADB solutions to full commercialization and introduce
innovative new solutions to existing and new customers. Failure to do this could adversely affect our market position and its revenue.
Competition and Margin
Our results of operations
will also depend on its ability to integrate and leverage on Taiwan mature semiconductor vertical supply chain while scaling up its production
capacity and keeping its fixed costs low. We believe it can achieve this by focusing on high value and margin chip design, outsource the
low margin and high capital costs chip manufacturing, packaging and module assembly. Our ability to leverage this model will depend primarily
on its revenues and ability to increase sales once a product is commercialized. Specifically, we believe under the collaboration model
with strategic partners, such as Foxconn’s MIH and Pegatron, we are able to shorten the pre-sales and qualification process compared
to traditional automotive industry practice.
By providing solutions comprised
primarily of components that it has developed based on its technology, we thereby eliminate expenses associated with system completion
which would not have involved or leveraged its technology. In addition, a series of LiDAR and ADB manufactured with our solutions will
be conducted by Tier-1 manufacturers, meaning that we neither has the need to undertake the significant capital expenditures associated
with developing a series manufacturing capability nor the expense of operating any such manufacturing capability.
Technological Advancements
Rapid advancements in ADAS
and LiDAR technology can impact our ability to develop and offer cutting-edge products at competitive cost that meet market demands. We
have witnessed a growing interest in solid-state LiDAR technology, we ability to solidify and commercialize key semiconductor components
and solution for solid-state LiDAR and ADB headlights that meet the market demand is crucial for we result of operations, including revenue
and gross margins for the foreseeable future.
Impact of COVID-19 on Our Operations and
Financial Performance
On May 5, 2023, WHO declared
that COVID-19 is now an established and ongoing health issue which no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern
The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our future financial results will be dependent on future developments such as the length and severity
of COVID-19, the potential resurgence of COVID-19, future government actions in response to COVID-19 and the overall impact of COVID-19
on the global economy and capital markets, among many other factors, all of which remain highly uncertain and unpredictable. Given this
uncertainty, we currently unable to quantify the expected impact of COVID-19 on its future operations, financial condition, liquidity
and results of operations if the current situation continues.
Although it is uncertain to
assess the total impact of COVID-19 on the financial condition, results of our operation and business, we do not expect that COVID-19
will have a material and adverse impact on our operation in 2023.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue primarily
from the sale of laser diode module (“Module”) and their related components (“Components”). The
table below sets forth the revenue contribution by types of products in the year ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
| Year | |
December 31, 2021 | | |
December 31, 2022 | | |
December 31, 2023 | |
| | |
Revenue Amount | | |
| | |
Revenue Amount | | |
| | |
Revenue Amount | | |
| |
| Product Categories | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.
Dollars
‘000 | | |
Revenue
Proportion/
Share, % | | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.
Dollars
‘000 | | |
Revenue
Proportion/
Share, % | | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.
Dollars
‘000 | | |
Revenue
Proportion/
Share, % | |
| Component | |
| 48,281 | | |
| 1,572 | | |
| 38.3 | | |
| 59,256 | | |
| 1,930 | | |
| 57.9 | | |
| 31,530 | | |
| 1,030 | | |
| 96.0 | |
| Module | |
| 76,268 | | |
| 2,483 | | |
| 60.5 | | |
| 38,331 | | |
| 1,248 | | |
| 37.4 | | |
| 1,154 | | |
| 38 | | |
| 3.5 | |
| Others | |
| 1,584 | | |
| 52 | | |
| 1.3 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 158 | | |
| 4.7 | | |
| 156 | | |
| 5 | | |
| 0.5 | |
| Total | |
| 126,133 | | |
| 4,107 | | |
| 100.0 | | |
| 102,438 | | |
| 3,336 | | |
| 100.0 | | |
| 32,840 | | |
| 1,073 | | |
| 100 | |
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily
consists of costs of product parts and materials purchased from manufacturers, labor costs, depreciation, maintenance, and other overhead
related costs, such as salaries and related personnel expenses.
Operating Expenses
Selling expenses
Selling expenses primarily
consists of personnel and operating expenses related to distribution of module and component and related hardware and expenses related
to branding and promotional activities.
Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses primarily
consist of personnel-related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive and administration, legal,
human resources, accounting, finance, tax, and information technology and outside professional services, including legal, audit and accounting
services, as well as expenses for allocated facilities costs, such as office rent, depreciation, other general corporate expenses and
travel. Personnel-related expenses primarily include salaries and benefits compensation.
Research and Development Expenses
The R&D expenses include:1)
Personnel related expenses, including salaries and benefits compensation expenses for personnel in research and engineering, design, and
testing functions;2) Expenses related to materials, software licenses, suppliers and third-party services;3) Prototype expenses; and 4)
An allocated portion of overhead expenses, such as facility and IT costs and depreciation.
Interest Income
Interest income primarily
consists of interest earned on cash deposits in banks.
Other Income
Other income primarily consists
of government grants.
Other Gains and Losses
Other gains and losses primarily
consist of foreign exchange gains and loss.
Interest expenses
Interest expenses consist
primarily of interest on borrowings and financing obligations under outstanding loan agreements.
Income Tax Expenses
Income tax expenses primarily
consists of current income tax expenses. Currently, the applicable tax rate in Taiwan is 20%, while the tax rate for unappropriated earnings
is 5%.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Results of Operations for
the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022
The table below sets forth
the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2023:
| |
For the year ended December 31, | | |
Differences | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | | |
Amount | | |
Percentage | |
| | |
NTD | | |
U.S. $ | | |
NTD | | |
U.S. $ | | |
NTD | | |
U.S. $ | | |
| |
| Item | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
% | |
| Total revenue | |
| 102,438 | | |
| 3,336 | | |
| 32,840 | | |
| 1,073 | | |
| (69,598 | ) | |
| (2,263 | ) | |
| (67.9 | ) |
| Cost of revenue | |
| 56,525 | | |
| 1,841 | | |
| 48,049 | | |
| 1,569 | | |
| (8,476 | ) | |
| (272 | ) | |
| (15.0 | ) |
| Gross profit/(loss) | |
| 45,913 | | |
| 1,495 | | |
| (15,209 | ) | |
| (496 | ) | |
| (61,122 | ) | |
| (1,991 | ) | |
| (133.1 | ) |
| Operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Selling expenses | |
| 12,534 | | |
| 408 | | |
| 11,363 | | |
| 371 | | |
| (1,171 | ) | |
| (37 | ) | |
| (9.3 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | |
| 25,650 | | |
| 835 | | |
| 24,360 | | |
| 796 | | |
| (1,290 | ) | |
| (39 | ) | |
| (5.0 | ) |
| Research and development expenses | |
| 26,845 | | |
| 874 | | |
| 24,195 | | |
| 790 | | |
| (2,650 | ) | |
| (84 | ) | |
| (9.9 | ) |
| Impairment loss | |
| 253 | | |
| 8 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (253 | ) | |
| (8 | ) | |
| (100.0 | ) |
| Total operating expenses | |
| 65,282 | | |
| 2,126 | | |
| 59,918 | | |
| 1,957 | | |
| (5,364 | ) | |
| (169 | ) | |
| (8.2 | ) |
| Net operating loss | |
| (19,369 | ) | |
| (631 | ) | |
| (75,127 | ) | |
| (2,453 | ) | |
| (55,758 | ) | |
| (1,822 | ) | |
| 287.9 | |
| Non-operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Interest income | |
| 3,462 | | |
| 113 | | |
| 14,680 | | |
| 479 | | |
| 11,218 | | |
| 366 | | |
| 324.0 | |
| Other income | |
| 2,844 | | |
| 93 | | |
| 385 | | |
| 13 | | |
| (2,459 | ) | |
| (80 | ) | |
| (86.5 | ) |
| Other gain, net | |
| 37,399 | | |
| 1,218 | | |
| 992 | | |
| 32 | | |
| (36,407 | ) | |
| (1,186 | ) | |
| (97.3 | ) |
| Interest expenses | |
| (2,884 | ) | |
| (94 | ) | |
| (2,940 | ) | |
| (96 | ) | |
| (56 | ) | |
| (2 | ) | |
| 1.9 | |
| Total non-operating expenses | |
| 40,821 | | |
| 1,329 | | |
| 13,117 | | |
| 428 | | |
| (27,704 | ) | |
| (901 | ) | |
| (67.9 | ) |
| Profit/(loss) before income tax | |
| 21,452 | | |
| 699 | | |
| (62,010 | ) | |
| (2,025 | ) | |
| (83,462 | ) | |
| (2,724 | ) | |
| (389.1 | ) |
| Income tax expense | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 209 | | |
| 1,019 | | |
| 33 | | |
| (5,410 | ) | |
| (176 | ) | |
| (84.1 | ) |
| Net income/(loss) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| 489 | | |
| (63,029 | ) | |
| (2,058 | ) | |
| (78,052 | ) | |
| (2,547 | ) | |
| (519.6 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| 489 | | |
| (63,029 | ) | |
| (2,058 | ) | |
| (78,052 | ) | |
| (2,547 | ) | |
| (519.6 | ) |
| Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | |
| 194 | | |
| 6 | | |
| (13,003 | ) | |
| (425 | ) | |
| (13,197 | ) | |
| (431 | ) | |
| (6,802.6 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income (loss)
attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
| 14,829 | | |
| 483 | | |
| (50,026 | ) | |
| (1,633
| ) | |
| (64,855 | ) | |
| (2,116 | ) | |
| (437.4 | ) |
Comparison of Revenue
Composition for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022
The table below sets forth
the revenue contribution by types of products for the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2022:
| | |
For the year ended
December 31, 2023 | | |
For the year ended
December 31, 2022 | |
| |
Revenue Amount | | |
| | |
Revenue Amount | | |
| |
| Product Categories | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S. Dollars
‘000 | | |
Revenue
Proportion/
Share, % | | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S. Dollars
‘000 | | |
Revenue
Proportion/
Share, % | |
| Component | |
| 31,530 | | |
| 1,030 | | |
| 96.0 | | |
| 59,256 | | |
| 1,930 | | |
| 57.9 | |
| Module | |
| 1,154 | | |
| 38 | | |
| 3.5 | | |
| 38,331 | | |
| 1,248 | | |
| 37.4 | |
| Others | |
| 156 | | |
| 5 | | |
| 0.5 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 158 | | |
| 4.7 | |
| Total | |
| 32,840 | | |
| 1,073 | | |
| 100.0 | | |
| 102,438 | | |
| 3,336 | | |
| 100.0 | |
Total revenue
Total revenue decreased by
NTD 69,598,000 (U.S.$2,272,959), or 67.9%, from NTD 102,438,000 (U.S.$3,345,460) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 32,840,000
(U.S.$1,072,502) for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in the total revenue is primarily contributed by NTD 27,726,000 (U.S.$905,487),
or 46.8% decrease in Component sales, and NTD 37,177,000 (U.S.$1,214,141) or 97.0% decrease in Module sales. The total revenue decreased
in the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily attributed to a decrease in product sales volume, declining from approximately 1,200,000
units in 2022 to 439,000 units in 2023, along with a decrease in the average unit product selling price from NTD82 to NTD75, which was
influenced by the global economic slowdown and consumer spending due to the growing negative outlooks for the globally economy. The longer
inventory cycle and slower sales of our customers products contribute to the decrease in our total revenue.
Cost of revenue
The cost of revenue declined
from NTD 56,525,000 (U.S.$1,846,016) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 48,049,000 (U.S.$1,569,203) for the year ended December
31, 2023, representing a decrease of 15.0%. This slight decline was primarily due to a significant decrease in sales orders and partially
offset by unit production costs due to a higher allocation of fixed costs.
Gross profit (loss)
The gross profit was NTD$45,913,000
(U.S.$1,499,445) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the gross loss was NTD$15,209,000 (U.S.$496,702) for the year ended December
31, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to the significant decrease of revenue and gross profit rate decrease.
Selling expenses
The selling expenses declined
from NTD 12,534,000 (U.S.$409,340) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 11,363,000 (U.S.$371,097) for the year ended December 31,
2023, representing a 9.3% decrease. This decline was primarily due to the reduction in sales orders, which led to a decrease in employee
sales bonuses, salaries for sales personnel decreased by NTD3,112,000 (U.S.$101,656), from NTD 6,253,000 (U.S.$204,242) in 2022 to NTD
3,141,000 (U.S.$102,586) in 2023. However, in order to explore potential overseas markets, travel and advertising expenses have both increased.
Administrative expenses
The general administrative
expenses decreased from NTD25,650,000 (U.S.$837,688) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 24,360,000 (U.S.$795,558) for the year
ended December 31, 2023, representing a 5.0% decrease. This decrease was primarily due to the capitalization of professional service fees..
Research and development expenses
The research and development
expenses declined from NTD 26,845,000 (U.S.$876,715) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 24,195,000 (U.S.$790,170) for the year
ended December 31, 2023, representing a 9.9% decrease. This decline was primarily due the delay of the research and development progress
of certain ICs, LiDAR and ADB solutions by about 6 months, so the research & development expense in the year ended December 31, 2023
are lower than expected.
Interest income
The interest income increased
from NTD 3,462,000 (U.S.$113,063) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 14,680,000 (U.S.$479,425) for the year ended December 31,
2023, representing a 324.0% increase. This growth was primarily driven by longer time deposit periods and higher interest rates on deposits
offered by the bank in Fiscal 2023.
Other gains, net
Other gains decrease from
NTD 37,399,000 (U.S.$1,221,391) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 992,000 (U.S.$32,397 ) for the year ended December 31, 2023,
representing a 97.3% decrease. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in foreign exchange gains, which was mainly attributed to
a substantial decrease in customer income, leading to reduced foreign currency transactions.
Interest expenses
Interest expenses increased
from NTD 2,884,000 (U.S.$94,187) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 2,940,000 (U.S.$96,016) for the year ended December 31, 2023,
representing a 1.9% increase. The increase was primarily due to higher interest rate charged on our borrowings in fiscal 2023, while the
impact of rising borrowing costs is partially offset by the reduction of total borrowings.
Income tax expenses
Income tax expenses decreased
from NTD 6,429,000 (U.S.$209,961) for the year ended December 31, 2022 to NTD 1,019,000 (U.S.$33,279) for the year ended December 31,
2023. This decline was primarily due to losses recorded before income tax in fiscal 2023. Income tax expenses occurred in fiscal 2023
due to a deferred tax liability from reduced unrealized exchange gains.
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable
to non-controlling Interest
Other comprehensive income
attributable to non-controlling interest for the year ended December 31, 2022 was NTD$194,000 and other Comprehensive loss attributable
to non-controlling interest for the year ended December 31, 2023 was NTD$15,029,000 (U.S.$125,898). The decrease was due to a loss in
disposal of Taiwan Leisure Sports Technology Inc and a net loss in 2023.
Comparison of Results of Operations for
the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021
The table below sets forth
the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022:
| |
For the year ended
December 31, 2021 | | |
For the year ended
December 31, 2022 | | |
Differences in Amount and
Percentage (%) | |
| Item | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.$
‘000 | | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.$
‘000 | | |
NTD
‘000 | | |
U.S.$
‘000 | | |
% | |
| Total revenue | |
| 126,133 | | |
| 4,107 | | |
| 102,438 | | |
| 3,336 | | |
| (23,695 | ) | |
| (772 | ) | |
| (18.8 | ) |
| Cost of revenue | |
| 69,310 | | |
| 2,257 | | |
| 56,525 | | |
| 1,841 | | |
| (12,785 | ) | |
| (416 | ) | |
| (18.5 | ) |
| Gross profit | |
| 56,823 | | |
| 1,850 | | |
| 45,913 | | |
| 1,495 | | |
| (10,910 | ) | |
| (355 | ) | |
| (19.2 | ) |
| Operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Selling expenses | |
| 10,490 | | |
| 342 | | |
| 12,534 | | |
| 408 | | |
| 2,044 | | |
| 67 | | |
| 19.5 | |
| Administrative expenses | |
| 18,387 | | |
| 599 | | |
| 25,650 | | |
| 835 | | |
| 7,263 | | |
| 237 | | |
| 39.5 | |
| Research and development expenses | |
| 40,921 | | |
| 1,332 | | |
| 26,845 | | |
| 874 | | |
| (14,076 | ) | |
| (458 | ) | |
| (34.4 | ) |
| Impairment loss | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 253 | | |
| 8 | | |
| 253 | | |
| 8 | | |
| 100.0 | |
| Total operating expenses | |
| 69,798 | | |
| 2,273 | | |
| 65,282 | | |
| 2,126 | | |
| (4,516 | ) | |
| (147 | ) | |
| (6.5 | ) |
| Net operating loss | |
| (12,975 | ) | |
| (423 | ) | |
| (19,369 | ) | |
| (631 | ) | |
| (6,393 | ) | |
| (208 | ) | |
| 49.3 | |
| Non-operating income (expenses) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Interest income | |
| 419 | | |
| 14 | | |
| 3,462 | | |
| 113 | | |
| 3,043 | | |
| 99 | | |
| 726.3 | |
| Other income | |
| 7,166 | | |
| 233 | | |
| 2,844 | | |
| 93 | | |
| (4,322 | ) | |
| (141 | ) | |
| (60.3 | ) |
| Other gains and losses | |
| (21,627 | ) | |
| (704 | ) | |
| 37,399 | | |
| 1,218 | | |
| 59,026 | | |
| 1,922 | | |
| 272.9 | |
| Interest expenses | |
| (2,196 | ) | |
| (72 | ) | |
| (2,884 | ) | |
| (94 | ) | |
| (688 | ) | |
| (22 | ) | |
| 31.3 | |
| Total non-operating Income (expenses) | |
| (16,238 | ) | |
| (529 | ) | |
| 40,821 | | |
| 1,329 | | |
| 57,058 | | |
| 1,858 | | |
| 351.4 | |
| Profit (loss) before tax | |
| (29,213 | ) | |
| (951 | ) | |
| 21,452 | | |
| 699 | | |
| 50,665 | | |
| 1,650 | | |
| 173.4 | |
| Income tax expense | |
| (1,298 | ) | |
| (42 | ) | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 209 | | |
| 5,131 | | |
| 252 | | |
| 395.3 | |
| Net Profit (loss) for the Period | |
| (30,511 | ) | |
| (994 | ) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| 489 | | |
| 45,534 | | |
| 1,483 | | |
| 149.2 | |
| Other comprehensive (loss) Income | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| (329 | ) | |
| (11 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 329 | | |
| 11 | | |
| (100.0 | ) |
| Total comprehensive (loss) income | |
| (30,840 | ) | |
| (1,004 | ) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| 489 | | |
| 45,863 | | |
| 1,493 | | |
| 148.7 | |
| Less: Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest | |
| (19,201 | ) | |
| (626 | ) | |
| 194 | | |
| 6 | | |
| 19,395 | | |
| 632 | | |
| 101.0 | |
| Total comprehensive Income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
| (11,639 | ) | |
| (379 | ) | |
| 14,829 | | |
| 483 | | |
| 26,468 | | |
| 862 | | |
| 227.4 | |
Revenue
Of the total revenue of NTD
126,133,000 (U.S.$4,107,229) for the year ended December 31, 2021, NTD 48,281,000 (U.S.$1,572,159) of revenue was from the sales of Component,
NTD 76,268,000 (U.S.$2,483,491) of revenue was from the Modules, and NTD 1,584,000 (U.S.$51,579) of revenue was from the sales of other
products. The total revenue decreased from NTD126,133,000 (U.S.$4,107,229) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD102,348,000 (U.S.$3,335,656)
for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a 18.8% decrease. The decrease in total revenue from 2021 to 2022 was primarily due
to weaker demands from our customers and temporary interruption of our operations and the operation of our customers due to wide spread
of COVID-19 in the PRC and Taiwan.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue decreased
by NTD 12,786,000, (U.S.$416,346), or 18.4%, from NTD 69,3110,000 (U.S.$2,256,952) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 56,525,000
(U.S.$1,840,606) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower total revenue.
Gross profit
The gross profit declined
from NTD 56,823,000 (U.S.$1,850,237) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD45,913,000 (U.S.$1,495,050) for the year ended December
31, 2022, representing a decrease of 19.2%. This decline was primarily due to decrease in total revenue and shipped goods.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses increased
by NTD 2,044,000 (U.S.$66,558), or 19.5%, from NTD 10,490,000 (U.S.$341,583) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 12,534,000 (U.S.$408,141)
for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher logistics expenses caused by unavailability of vessels
and air cargo space during COVID-19.
Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses increased
to NTD 25,650,000 (U.S.$835,233) for the year ended December 31, 2022 from NTD 18,387,000 (U.S.$598,730) for the year ended December 31,
2021, representing a 39.5% increase. The increase was primarily due to we preparation for public listing in Taiwan in 2022, which has
subsequently cancelled by we to pursue the Business Combination.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses
decreased to NTD 26,845,000 (U.S.$874,145) for the year ended December 31, 2022 from NTD 40,921,000 (U.S.$1,332,498) for the year ended
December 31, 2021, representing a 34.4% decrease. The expenses decreased because of lower research and development activities during various
phases of COVID-19 lock-downs and social distancing rules imposed in Taiwan in 2022.
Interest income
Interest income increased
by NTD 3,043,000, (U.S.$99,088), or 726.3%, from NTD 419,000 (U.S.$13,644) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 3,462,000 (U.S.$112,732)
for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in interest rates in 2022 compared to 2021.
Other income
Other income decreased by
NTD 4,322,000, (U.S.$140,736), or 60%, from NTD 7,166,000 (U.S.$233,344) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 2,844,000 (U.S.$92,608)
for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was mainly due to the lack of NTD 3,325,506 (U.S.$108,606) of R&D subsidies granted
by the Taipei Computer Association in 2021.
Other gains and losses
Other losses were NTD 21,627,000
(U.S.$704,235) for the year ended December 31, 2021 and other gains were NTD 37,399,000 (U.S.$1,217,815) for the year ended December 31,
2022. This increase was primarily due to favorable exchange rate gain that the average exchange rate of US dollars was 29.8129 in 2022
increased by 7% compared to 27.992 in 2021.
Interest expenses
Interest expenses rose by
NTD 688,000, (U.S.$22,403), or 31.3%, from NTD 2,196,000 (U.S.$71,508) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 2,884,000 (U.S.$93,911)
for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher borrowing cost even though Total Liabilities decreased
to NTD201,159,000 (U.S.$6,550,277) from NTD220,342,000 (U.S.$7,174,927).
Income tax expenses
Income Tax Expenses increased
from NTD 1,298,000 (U.S.$42,266) in income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 to NTD 6,429,000 (U.S.$209,346) for the year
ended December 31, 2022. The increase was due to movement of temporary differences in deferred tax assets.
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Other Comprehensive loss decreased
by NTD 329,000 (U.S.$10,713) or 100.0% from a loss of NTD329,000 (U.S.$10,713) for the year ended December 31, 2021 to nil for the year
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to disposal of foreign subsidiary, Optonomous Inc.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, we have financed
its operations mainly through equity contributions from its shareholders, loans from banks and payments received from its customers during
ordinary course of business. On December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of NTD 202,465,000 (U.S.$6,612,182), which consisted
of cash, checking accounts, demand deposits, time deposits and others. We expect that it may incur net loss in the next one to three years
as it increases its investment in research and development of LiDAR and ADB technologies.
Our cash requirements for
the next twelve months after the date of the Form 20-F primarily include staff salaries, lease obligations, contractual obligations
and other commitments. Our staff salaries consists of our obligations to pay out staff under the employment agreements. Our lease obligations
consist of the commitments under the rental agreements for our factory and office premises.
In addition, as part of our
business strategy, we plan to continue to invest in our research and development activities, particular in the development of our LiDAR
and ADB products. These new developments and expansions may generate long-term cash requirements. Our research and development activities,
including pursuant of equipment, raw materials, IT software and expansion of our R&D term. We intend to fund our future material cash
requirements with net proceeds from the Proposed Transactions, debt borrowings from Taiwan banks, equity contributions from our shareholders
and payments received from our customers. We will continue to make cash commitments, including capital expenditures, to support the growth
of our business.
Taking into account the completion
of our business combination, we believe that our cash on hand, including the current available cash and cash equivalents on our balance
sheet and the funds contained in Chenghe’s Trust Account (assuming the Interim Redemption Scenario) are sufficient to meet our working
capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Form 20-F and sufficient to fund
our operations.
Short-term borrowings
As of December 31, 2023, our
short-term bank borrowings consist of working capital loans from Chuang Hwa Bank, and E. Sun Bank, each secured by time deposits
held within the bank. These collateralized time deposits are classified as restricted cash on our combined balance sheet. The table below
set forth the key commercial terms of the work capital loans as of 2023.
| Lender | |
Interest Rate | | |
Issuance Date | |
Maturity Date | |
Outstanding
Amount as of
December 31,
2023
(NTD’000) | | |
Outstanding
Amount as of
December 31,
2023
(U.S.$’000) | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.81 | % | |
November 13, 2023 | |
November 13, 2024 | |
| 82,000 | | |
| 2,678 | |
| E. Sun Bank | |
| 2.43 | % | |
December 28, 2023 | |
April 28, 2024 | |
| 8,000 | | |
| 261 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
| 90,000 | | |
| 2,939 | |
Long-term borrowings
The long-term bank borrowings
consist of term loans obtained from Chuang Hwa Bank. The aggregate principal amount of term loan issued to us on May 12, 2022 is NTD15,800,000
(U.S.$516,003), which is guaranteed by the Credit Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises of Taiwan.
The aggregate principal amount
of term loan issued to us on August 21, 2020 is NTD13,000,000 (U.S.$424,559), which is secured the property and equipment with a book
value of NTD 27,047,000 (U.S.$883,312). The table below set out the key commercial terms of the two term loans.
| Nature | |
Interest Rate | | |
Issuance Date | |
Maturity Date | |
As of December 31, 2023 (NTD’000) | | |
As of December 31, 2023
(U.S.$’000) | |
| Guaranteed Borrowing | |
| 2.150 | % | |
December 5, 2022 | |
December 05, 2027 | |
| 12,640 | | |
| 413 | |
| Credit Borrowing | |
| 2.0%~2.1 | % | |
August 21, 2020 | |
June 29, 2026 | |
| 37,833 | | |
| 1,236 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
| 50,473 | | |
| 1,648 | |
We recorded net interest income
of NTD11,740,000 (U.S.$383,410) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and recorded net interest income of NTD578,000 (U.S.$18,821) for
the year ended December 31, 2022. We enjoyed net interest income for 2022 and 2023 because its short- and long-term borrowings are denominated
in NTD, which charge a lower interest rate compared to the interest earned on our deposits, which are primary denominated in U.S. Dollars
and enjoy higher interest rate. We expect that as the U.S. lowers the Federal Fund Rate, the interest rate offered on our U.S. dollar
deposits will decrease and the net interest income will decrease accordingly.
The effect of an immediate
10% change in interest rates on December 31, 2023 would not have a material adverse impact on our future operating results and cash flows
as we expect our sales will increase going forward.
Cash Flows Summary
Presented below is a summary
of our operating, investing, and financing cash flows:
| | |
Years ended December 31 | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
NTD | | |
U.S. $ | | |
NTD | | |
U.S. $ | | |
NTD | | |
U.S.$ | |
| | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | | |
‘000 | |
| Net cash (used in) generated from operating activities | |
| (20,959 | ) | |
| (682 | ) | |
| 36,499 | | |
| 1,188 | | |
| (38,060 | ) | |
| (1,244 | ) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | |
| (19,416 | ) | |
| (632 | ) | |
| (29,103 | ) | |
| (948 | ) | |
| (23,565 | ) | |
| (770 | ) |
| Net cash (used in) generated from financing activities | |
| 67,975 | | |
| 2,213 | | |
| 24,638 | | |
| 802 | | |
| (67,818 | ) | |
| (2,214 | ) |
Cash Flows (Used in) Generated from Operating
Activities
Cash flows generated from
operating activities are typically re-invested to support the growth of our business. We invest in research and development, sales and
marketing activities, administrative expenses, and working capital. Our operating cash inflows include cash from sales of its products.
These cash inflows are offset by our payments to suppliers for production materials and parts used in our manufacturing process, operating
expenses, and interest payments on our financings.
During the year ended December 31,
2022, net cash generated from operating activities was NTD 36,499,000 (U.S.$1,188,212). During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash
used in operating activities was NTD38,060,000 (U.S.$1,242,978). The decrease was mainly driven by lower sales revenue, increase in inventories
and right of use assets.
During the year ended December
31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was NTD 20,959,000 (U.S.$682,481). During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash generated
from operating activities was NTD 36,499,000 (U.S.$1,188,212). The increase was mainly attributable to increase in net income in 2022,
primarily due to favorable exchange rate gains, income to disposition of discontinued business ad increase in account receivables.
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities
primarily relate to purchase of property and equipment and partially offset by disposal of property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing
activities was NTD23,565,000 (U.S.$769,595) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and NTD29,103,000 (U.S.$947,672) for the year ended December
31, 2022. The decrease was mainly attributed to a decrease in sales and adjustment to research and development schedules, resulting in
a decrease in investment in new property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing
activities was NTD29,103,000 (U.S.$947,672) for the year ended December 31, 2022 and net cash used in investing activities was NTD 19,416,000
(U.S.$632,237) for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributed to increased investment in new property and
equipment for research and development activities.
Cash Flows (Used in) Generated from Financing
Activities
Net cash used in financing
activities was NTD 67,818,000 (U.S.$2,214,827) for the year ended December 31, 2023 which primarily consist of repayment of NTD84,151,668
(U.S.$2,748,258) in principal amount and interest of short term borrowings from Chuang Hwa Bank, NTD26,370,000 (U.S.$861,202) in principal
amount of short term borrowings from First Commercial Bank, NTD8,000,000 (U.S.$261,267) in principal amount of short term borrowings from
E.Sun Bank; and partially offset by the NTD82,000,000 (U.S.$2,677,988) proceeds from short-term loans from Chuang Hwa Bank and NTD16,000,000
(U.S.$522,534) proceeds from short-term loans from E.Sun Bank.
Net cash generated from financing
activities was NTD 24,638,000 (U.S.$802,279) for the year ended December 31, 2022, which primarily consists of the proceeds of NTD 219,164,000
(U.S.$7,136,568) from short-term loans from Chuang Hwa Bank and partially offset by the repayment of NTD200,904,000 (U.S.$6,541,973) in
principal amount of short-term borrowings from Chuang Hwa Bank.
Net cash generated from financing
activities was NTD 67,975,000 (U.S.$2,213,448) for the year ended December 31, 2021, which primarily consists of the proceeds of NTD 77,480,000
(U.S.$2,522,957) from short-term loans from Chuang Hwa Bank and the proceeds of NTD 44,780,000 (U.S.$1,458,157) from term loans from Chuang
Hwa Bank and partially offset by the repayment of NTD52,740,000 (U.S.$1,717,356) in principal amount of short term borrowings from Chuang
Hwa Bank and the repayment of NTD1,545,000 (U.S.$50.309) in principal amount of term loans from Chuang Hwa Bank.
Disposal of Optonomous Inc.
Optonomous Inc., located in
Los Angeles, California, USA, was acquired in May of 2019 due to our plan to expand into the U.S. market. Optonomous Inc. specializes
in the development of lighting technologies for various applications such as projection, entertainment, and automotive, using laser-excited
glass and crystal phosphors. It also develops infrared laser diodes for autonomous driving applications.
However, due to the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic, we were not able to expand into the U.S. market through Optonomous Inc. Considering the operating costs
of Optonomous, Inc., the board of directors discussed the matter and decided to focus on the core business in Taiwan to avoid additional
cost losses. As a result, it was decided to divest all shares in Optonomous Inc.
Disposal of Taiwan Leisure Sports Technology
Inc.
We established Taiwan Leisure
Sports Technology to operate the Operator Transfer (“OT”) project of the Houli Racetrack and Flower Dance Hall in Taichung
City. We decided to pursue this business venture to diversify its revenue stream. However, shortly after its establishment, the OT project
was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and in compliance with government epidemic prevention policies, the racetrack and the flower dance
hall was unable to open and operate. Although there was a brief period of opening, the tourism industry had been severely impacted by
the pandemic, and it was difficult to recover the previous number of visitors in the short term.
After discussions within the
local government in Taichung, it was determined that if the project were to continue operating, it would require further cash injection.
After considering the level of capital injection needed to keep the facilities operational, we decided to divest its control interest
in Taiwan Leisure Sports Technology. After contacting multiple potential buyers, the project was acquired by a non-related party. We completed
the transaction agreement in July of the 2022 and received the full payment in December of the same year, successfully completing the
divestment process.
Material Contractual Obligations and Commitments
During the periods presented,
we did not have any material contractual obligations and commitments.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During the periods presented,
we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose
entities, which were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
Research and Development Expenses
In the fiscal year 2021, the
R&D expenditure amounted to approximately NTD40,921,000 (U.S.$1,331,879), accounting for 32.4% of the net revenue and 58.6% of total
operating expenses. In the fiscal year 2022, the R&D expenditure amounted to approximately NTD26,845,000 (U.S.$874,145), accounting
for 26.2% of the net revenue and 41.1% of total operating expenses. In the fiscal year 2023, the R&D expenditure amounted to approximately
NTD24,195,000 (U.S.$790.170, accounting for 73.7% of the net revenue and 34.6% of total operating expense. The future allocation of R&D
expenditure will be based on the progress of new product and technology development. As our revenue continues to grow, we may gradually
increase the R&D expenditure to accelerate the pace of research and development and support future R&D projects. In addition to
acquiring R&D-related software and hardware equipment, we also continue to attract experienced and creative research and development
talents to enhance its R&D capabilities and strengthen its competitive advantage.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We combined financial statements
that are included elsewhere in this Form 20-F/prospectus have been prepared using the significant measurement bases. We believe that
the following estimates are those most critical to the judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements.
Evaluation of inventories
Inventories are stated at
the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs
determined on the weighted-average basis. We records inventory write-downs as cost of revenue for excess or obsolete inventories based
upon assumptions on current and future demand forecasts. If the inventory on hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts
are written off. We also review inventory to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate
sale of the inventory. This requires the determination of the estimated selling price of the inventory less the estimated cost to convert
inventory on hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established and
subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
As of December 31, 2023,
the carrying amount of inventories was NTD1,559,000 (U.S.$ 50,914).
Critical Accounting Policies
Management’s discussion
and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our audited financial information. The preparation
of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues
and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our
estimates and judgments, including those related to fair value of financial instruments and accrued expenses. We base our estimates on
historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the
results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of our new
or recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2(x) “Recently issued accounting pronouncements” to our combined financial
statements included in this Form 20-F.
Emerging Growth Company Status
As defined in Section 102(b)(1) of
the JOBS Act, we are as an emerging growth company (“EGC”). As such, we will be eligible for and intends to rely on
certain exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act, including (a) the exemption from the auditor attestation
requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (b) the
exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (c) reduced disclosure obligations
regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements.
We will remain an EGC under
the JOBS Act until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our Common Shares that are
held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the second quarter of that fiscal year, (ii) the
last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year (as
indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which it has issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year
period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the IPO.
Foreign Private Issuer Status
We qualify as a “foreign
private issuer” as defined under SEC rules. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we continue
to qualify as a foreign private issuer under SEC rules, we are exempt from certain SEC rules that are applicable to U.S. domestic
public companies, including:
| ● | the rules requiring domestic filers to issue financial statements
prepared under U.S. GAAP; |
| | | |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation
of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; |
| | | |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders
to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short
period of time; |
| | | |
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing
with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing financial statements and other specified information, and current reports
on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events; and |
| | | |
| ● | the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic
information under Regulation FD. |
Notwithstanding these exemptions,
we will file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC,
an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.
We may take advantage of these
exemptions until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as
more than 50% of its outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies:
(i) the majority of its executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of its assets
are located in the United States or (iii) its business is administered principally in the United States.
Both foreign private issuers
and emerging growth companies also are exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no
longer qualify as an emerging growth company, but remains a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent
compensation disclosures required of companies that are neither an emerging growth company nor a foreign private issuer.
In addition, because we qualify
as a foreign private issuer under SEC rules, we are permitted to follow the corporate governance practices of Taiwan (the jurisdiction
in which we are organized) in lieu of certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements that would otherwise be applicable to we.
If at any time we cease to
be a foreign private issuer, we will take all action necessary to comply with the SEC and Nasdaq Listing Rules.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk
We are exposed to various
risks in relation to financial instruments. The main types of risks are foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. While we may enter
into hedging contracts from time to time, any change in the fair value of the contracts could be offset by changes in the underlying value
of the transactions being hedged. Furthermore, we do not have foreign-exchange hedging contracts in place with respect to all currencies
in which it does business.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our results of operations
and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. During financial year ended December 31
2023 and 2022, 94.2% and 90.2% of our revenue were generated in U.S. Dollars. For the same period, 74.5% and 73.3% of our expenses were
denominated in NTD, the currency of Taiwan in which we conduct our operations. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore,
subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in
foreign exchange rates.
The effect of a hypothetical
10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have a material impact on our historical combined financial
statements. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies and does not enter into any hedging contracts for trading or speculative
purposes, we will increase its expenses and purchase in U.S. Dollars and may in the future hedge selected significant transactions denominated
in currencies other than the New Taiwan dollar to match with our expenses in NTD.
Interest Rates Risk
We are exposed to interest
rate risk because its borrowings are based on both fixed and floating interest rates. Our interest rate risk is mainly concentrated in
the fluctuation of the benchmark interest rates arising from cash and cash equivalents- time deposits and repurchase agreements collateralized
by bonds, other financial assets, short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings, bonds payable, financial liabilities designated at FVTPL
and leasing liabilities. Among other things, (a) our short-term bank borrowings consist of collateralized loans obtained from Chuang
Hwa Bank and E.Sun Bank, that mature on November 13, 2024 and April 28, 2024, respectively; and (b) our long-term bank
borrowings consisted of a loan from Chuang Hwa Bank and a credit borrowing secured by the Credit Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises,
that mature on December 5, 2027 and June 29, 2026, respectively, with interest calculated at Taipei Interbank Offered Rate (TAIBOR)
plus 1.90%.
Credit Risk
Credit risk refers to the
risk that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to we. Our credit risk was mainly arising
from bank deposits, trade receivables, other receivables, other financial assets, and refundable deposits. We limit its credit risk by
reviewing its counterparties’ financial condition and payment practices to minimize collection risks on its accounts receivable.
Liquidity Risk
We manage liquidity risk by
monitoring and maintaining a level of cash deemed adequate to finance its operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations in cash
flows. In addition, management monitors the utilization of bank borrowings and ensures compliance with loan covenants.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table provides information about
our directors and our senior management. Our senior management consists of our chief executive officer and those current executive officers
who have responsibility for a major segment of our business (“Senior Management”).
| Name |
|
Age |
|
Position |
| Yung-Peng Chang |
|
49 |
|
Chairman of the Board, Director and Co-Chief Executive Officer |
| Alan Chih-Feng Wang |
|
50 |
|
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director |
| Charles W. Tu |
|
72 |
|
Independent Director |
| Mu-Jung Yang |
|
56 |
|
Independent Director |
| Kwan Sun |
|
59 |
|
Independent Director |
| Chun-Nien Liu |
|
35 |
|
Chief Technical Officer |
| Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu |
|
49 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
| Deborah Chang |
|
51 |
|
Chief Strategy Officer |
| Mark Chang |
|
53 |
|
Chief Engineer |
Executive Officers
Yung-Peng Chang
serves as the chairman and Co-CEO of the Company. Dr. Chang is the co-founder of TCO and has served as the President of
TCO since 2009. At TCO, Dr. Chang leads TCO’s efforts in developing LiDAR solution, intelligent headlight, optical design,
and 3D-sensing R&D projects. For such efforts, under Dr. Chang’s leadership, TCO received the 1st prize
of the Asia Science Park Association in October of 2015. From 2001 to 2008, Dr. Chang was Section Manager in charge of optical research
department of Everest Display Inc. (which merged into K Laser Group on June 30, 2020) (Taiwan Stock Exchange: 2461), a pioneer in
optical hologram origination, hologram embossing and the material deposition process, where Dr. Chang successfully developed the
microstructure of LCD backlight modules for LCD TVs, the optical engine of 3-panel LCD projector, and optical interactive whiteboards.
Dr. Chang holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from National Chung Hsing University of Taiwan. Dr. Chang is primary author
or co-author of numerous scientific papers on LiDAR solution, intelligent headlight, optical design, and 3D-sensing in leading
academic and industry journals such as Optics Express and journals of SPIE.
Alan Chih-Feng Wang
serves as the Co-CEO of the Company. Mr. Wang is a co-founder and director of TCO. At TCO, Mr. Wang specializes in
development of optical thin-film and LiDAR infrared coating technology. Before founding TCO, Mr. Wang headed the R&D department
of Kinko Optical (Taipei Exchange: 6209) from 2001 to 2008, where he was in charge of the development of DWDM for optical communications
and UVIR optical filter for projectors. From 2008 to 2009, Mr. Wang served as a technical consultant to Calin Technology (Taiwan
Stock Exchange: 4976), a provider of optical lenses, on optical thin-film coating technology. Mr. Wang holds a master’s
degree in Electrical Engineering and Executive MBA from Feng Chai University of Taiwan.
Chun-Nien Liu serves
as the Chief Technology Officer of the Company. Dr. Liu has more than 10 years experience in optoelectronic components, chips
and system integration technology and design. Dr. Liu’s primary research areas encompass fiber lasers and amplifiers, as well
as design and integration of photoelectric systems, including silicon photonics, optical phased arrays, biomedical microscopes, LiDAR,
and ADB smart headlights. Throughout the years, Dr. Liu has been honored with multiple prestigious awards, including the Postdoctoral
Researcher Academic Publication Award in 2019, the Entrepreneurial Potential Award of the FITI Program in 2020, and three Future Tech
Awards in 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, he was the recipient of the Young Scholar Innovative Research Award in 2021. Dr. Liu holds
a Ph.D. in Optoelectronics from National Sun Yat-sen University of Taiwan. Dr. Liu also served as visiting scholar in the Department
of Computer Science and Engineering at University of California San Diego from September to November of 2019. Dr. Liu is the co-author with
the Company’s president Dr. Chang of numerous scientific papers on LiDAR solution, intelligent headlight, optical design, and
3D-sensing in leading academic and industry journals such as Optics Express and journals of SPIE.
Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu
serves as the Chief Financial Officer of CayCo. She has served as TCO’s Accounting Manager since joining TCO in 2009. Ms. Hsu has
more than 20 years of experience in accounting and finance, having served as a manager in the Accounting and Financial Department
in Cyntec Electronics, a leading provider of magnetic components, passive components, power modules, RF and optical modules and a subsidiary
of Delta Electronics Group (Taiwan Stock Exchange: 2308) from 1998 to 2009, where she helped to accomplish an initial public offering.
Ms. Hsu holds a B.S. degree in Accountancy from National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science in Taiwan.
Deborah Chang serves
as the Chief Strategy Officer of the Company. Ms. Chang has more than 20 years of experience in IC design and Semiconductor Manufacturing.
From 2017 to 2020, Deborah worked as a Sales Director of Bizlink Group, a leading provider of connectivity solutions worldwide. From 2006
to 2012, Ms. Chang was the Sales Manager of IC Design Service of Global Unichip Corporation (Taiwan Stock Exchange: 3443), a market leader
in advanced ASIC services. From 1997 to 2002, Ms. Chang worked at TSMC (Taiwan Stock Exchange: 2330) as Manufacturing Engineer. Ms. Chang
holds a Master of Science in Computer Integrated Manufacturing from the Rochester Institute of Technology.
Mark Chang serves as
the Chief Engineer of the Company. Dr. Chang has served as the manager of TCO’s R&D department since joining TCO in 2016.
From 2013 to 2015, Dr. Chang worked as a researcher for thin-film deposition manufacturing process for passive semiconductor
components in the R&D department of Yageo Corporation (Taipei Exchange: 2327), a leading provider of resistors, capacitors, inductors,
transformers, relays, antennas, wireless components and circuit protection components. Dr. Chang holds a Ph.D. in in Materials Science
and Engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington.
Independent Directors
Dr. Charles W. Tu is
a Yushan Fellow in the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, and a Distinguished Professor Emeritus
of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in the Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), since 2018.
He joined the UCSD faculty in 1988 and was appointed an Associate Dean of the Jacobs School of Engineering in 2004, after serving from
1999 to 2003 as the Chair of the ECE department. Dr. Tu’s research interests include novel III-V compound semiconductor
heterostructures and nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for electronic, optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. He
was a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1980 to 1988. He earned his Ph.D. in Engineering and
Applied Science from Yale University in 1978 and his B.Sc. (Hon.) in Physics from McGill University in 1971. Prof. Tu is a Fellow of the
IEEE, the American Physical Society, and the AVS Science and Technology Society. He received Taiwan’s Pan Wen-Yuan Foundation
Outstanding Research Award in 2009, the North American MBE Innovator Award in 2011, an honorary doctorate from Linköping University
in Sweden in 2013, the IEEE Region 6 Outstanding Educator Award in 2014, and the International MBE Conference Al Cho MBE Award in 2020.
Mu-Jung Yang is
Managing Supervisor at Yun Tong Motor Transportation Company, Ltd., and is a Director at Chan Lone Industrial Company, Ltd. and Asia Professional
Group Company, Ltd. Mr. Yang has advanced analytics skills in consumer finance and risk management, and possesses coordination and
organization skills to improve the effectiveness of collaboration between government, universities and industry. From 2021 to 2023, Mr. Yang
was Deputy Secretary-general of Academia-Industry Consortium for Science Parks in Central Taiwan. From 2007 to 2012, Mr. Yang
was Chief Executive Officer of Pro Loan Financing Company, Ltd. (a subsidiary of Taiwan’s Nice Group). From 2003 to 2007, Mr. Yang
was Senior Manager in the Department of Consumer Finance of Fu Hua Commercial Bank. From 2018 to 2022, Mr. Yang was Secretary general
of National Chung Hsing University Alumni Association. Mr. Yang holds an Executive Master of Business Administration from National
Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
Kwan Sun, served as
independent director of Chenghe Acquisition Corp from April 2022 to February 2024. Mr. Sun founded Millburn Advisory LLC, a real
estate fund manager, in 2018 and has served as its managing partner since then. From 2015 to 2018, Mr. Sun served as the vice chairman
of Nan Fung Group’s US businesses to help develop Nan Fung Group’s US real estate business. Since October 2023, Mr. Sun
has served as an independent director of Chenghe Acquisition I Corp.
Mr. Sun served as a director
at Deutsche Bank in structured products department from 1997 to 2003, and as a director at Morgan Stanley in structured products department
from 2003 to 2007. Thereafter, Mr. Sun served as a managing director at Deutsche Bank in structured products department from 2007
to 2009 and as a managing director at Morgan Stanley in the investment banking department from 2009 to 2014.
Prior to joining Deutsche Bank
in 1997, he served as a vice president the capital markets department of Merrill Lynch, where he focused on trading fix income derivatives.
He joined Merrill Lynch in 1992. Mr. Sun graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Ohio State University.
Director Independence
We comply with Nasdaq rule 5605(b)(1), which
requires that the board of directors be comprised of a majority of independent directors, although as long as we are a foreign private
issuer, we may elect to follow Israeli law in lieu of certain Nasdaq requirements, including the independent director requirement. A majority
of our board of directors composed of directors who are “independent” as defined by the rules of Nasdaq, and all of the non-executive
directors qualify as “independent” under these standards. The board of directors established categorical standards to assist
it in making its determination of director independence. We use the definition of “independence” of Nasdaq to make this determination.
Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) provides that an “independent director” is a person other than an officer or employee
or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment
in carrying out the responsibilities of a director, and includes specific relationships that would disqualify a director from being independent,
including being an employee during the past three years.
The board of directors will assess on a regular
basis, at least annually, which members are independent, and the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee will assess the independence
of each nominee for director as part of its duties in designating nominations for the board of director’s nominees for director.
As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted
to comply with Cayman Islands corporate governance practices instead of the Nasdaq corporate governance rules, provided that,
we disclose which requirements we are not following and the equivalent Israeli requirement. We rely on this “home country practice
exemption” with respect to the quorum requirement for shareholder meetings and with respect to the Nasdaq requirement of obtaining
stockholder approval for the certain issuance of more than 20% of our common shares. Although we comply with the rules generally applicable
to U.S. domestic companies listed on Nasdaq, we may in the future decide to use the foreign private issuer exemption with respect
to some or all of the other corporate governance rules. To the extent that we elect to take advantage of the exceptions permitted to foreign
private issuers, we must disclose those exceptions and describe the relevant Cayman Islands law provisions.
6. B. Compensation
The below table discloses the
annual remuneration of the 11th board of directors of TCO, whose term is from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2024.
| Title | |
Name | |
Total Annual
(2023) Remuneration in Thousand
NTD | | |
Total Annual
(2023)
Remuneration in USD | |
| Chairman | |
Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu | |
| 3,490 | | |
| 113,478 | |
| Director | |
Representative of ChiaPei Investment Co., Ltd.: Kuo-Yin Huang | |
| 2,526 | | |
| 82,133 | |
| Director | |
Alan Chih-Feng Wang | |
| 3,502 | | |
| 113,868 | |
| Director | |
Representative of PengYu Investment Co., Ltd.: Larry Wu | |
| 892 | | |
| 29,013 | |
| Director | |
Representative of YiFeng Investment Co., Ltd.: Mark Chang | |
| 1,791 | | |
| 58,250 | |
Historical Compensation of TCO’s Executive
Officers, Directors and Supervisors
For the year ended December 31,
2023, TCO paid an aggregate of NTD$13,682,000 (US$444,904) in cash and its executive officers consisting of the CEO Alan Wang, President
YP Chang, Assistant Vice President Kuo-Yin Huang, senior manager Mark Chang, senior manager Stark Tsai, finance manager Tina Huang
and audit manager Larry Wu, of which none were paid in the form of stock options. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there were
no options to purchase any securities of TCO granted to TCO’s employees. TCO has not set aside or accrued any amount to provide
pension, retirement or other similar benefits to its executive officers, directors and supervisors.
The following table sets forth
information about the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to TCO’s executive officers, directors and supervisors for the
year ended December 31, 2023.
| Name | |
Title | |
Compensation in Thousand NTD$ | | |
Compensation in USD$ | | |
Miscellaneous(1) | |
| Alan Chih-Feng Wang | |
Co-CEO and Director | |
| 3,502 | | |
| 113,868 | | |
| — | |
| Yung-Peng Chang | |
General Manager and Director | |
| | | |
| | | |
| — | |
| Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu | |
President, CFO and Director | |
| 3,490 | | |
| 113,478 | | |
| — | |
| Kuo-Yin Huang | |
Assistant Vice President and Director | |
| 2,526 | | |
| 82,133 | | |
| — | |
| Mark Chang | |
Senior Manager and Director | |
| 1,791 | | |
| 58,250 | | |
| — | |
| Stark Tsai | |
Senior Manager | |
| 1,481 | | |
| 48,162 | | |
| — | |
| Larry Wu | |
Audit Manager | |
| 892 | | |
| 29,013 | | |
| — | |
| XiuWu Dong | |
Supervisor | |
| 0 | | |
| 0 | | |
| — | |
| JingYi Cheng | |
Supervisor | |
| 0 | | |
| 0 | | |
| — | |
| (1) | Miscellaneous includes any benefits in kind, pension, retirement
or similar benefits and issue or grant of options or shares or securities of TCO. |
Clawback policy
Our Compensation Policy contains a compensation
recovery provision which allows us under certain conditions to recover bonuses paid in excess due to an accounting restatement.
In accordance with the Nasdaq requirements that
we maintain a clawback policy that meets these requirements, our Board of Directors adopted a clawback policy covering our executive officers.
An “executive officer” is our chief executive officer, president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer
(or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president in charge of a significant principal business unit, division,
or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person
who performs similar policy-making functions for us. The executive officers named in Item 6.A are part of our executive officers for the
purpose of the clawback policy.
The clawback policy relates to incentive-based
compensation, which is any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a financial reporting
measure. The clawback policy covers the recovery of incentive-based compensation from an executive officer only in the event that we are
required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of our financial reporting requirement under the United
States securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that
is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected
in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. Questions as to “materiality” will be made by the Compensation
Committee in coordination with the Audit Committee.
The incentive-based compensation subject to recovery
is the incentive-based compensation received during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date that we are required
to prepare an accounting restatement as described above, provided that the person served as an executive officer at any time during the
performance period applicable to the incentive-based compensation in question provided that the clawback policy shall only apply if the
incentive-based compensation is received while we have a class of securities listed on Nasdaq.
C. Share Ownership.
Holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to
vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to shareholders for approval. No holder of ordinary shares has different voting
rights from any other holders of ordinary shares. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change
of control of our company.
The following table sets forth information regarding
the beneficial ownership of ordinary shares on March 1, 2024, by
| ● | each person known by us to
be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding ordinary shares; |
| ● | each of our directors, chief
executive officer, chief financial officer and other members of Senior Management; and |
| ● | all of our Senior Management
and directors as a group. |
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all
persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. Except as
otherwise noted herein, the number and percentage of ordinary shares beneficially owned is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of
the Exchange Act, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rule,
beneficial ownership includes any ordinary shares as to which the holder has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also
any ordinary shares which the holder has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 1, 2024 through the exercise of any option,
warrant, convertible security or other right. As of April 30, 2024, there were 37,428,354 ordinary shares outstanding.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | |
Number of
Ordinary
Shares
Beneficially
Owned | | |
Percentage | |
| Directors and Senior Management: | |
| | |
| |
| Dr. CHANG, YUNG-PENG (2) (4) | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| WANG, CHIH-FENG (3) | |
| 806,135 | | |
| 3.01 | % |
| Dr. TU, WU-CHING | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| YANG, MU-JUNG | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| HUANG, KUO-YIN | |
| 396,730 | | |
| 1.48 | % |
| HSU, HSIU-CHEN | |
| 911,131 | | |
| 3.40 | |
| Dr. LIU, CHUN-NIEN (5) | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| Dr. CHANG, SHIH-HSIN | |
| 73,973 | | |
| * | |
| CHANG, CHO-YING | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| Dr. CHENG, MU-HAI | |
| - | | |
| * | |
| SUN, KWAN | |
| 20,000 | | |
| * | |
| All directors and Senior Management as a group(6) | |
| 2,207,969 | | |
| 8.26 | % |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Five Percent Holders: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Clariscope Ventures Group Ltd.(5) | |
| 10,476,762 | | |
| 39.20 | % |
| Lucidity Investments Global Ltd. (6) | |
| 7,460,724 | | |
| 27.90 | % |
| Vienna Management Holdings Ltd. (7) | |
| 3,889,101 | | |
| 14.54 | % |
| Chenghe Investment Co.(10) | |
| 2,697,561 | | |
| 10.09 | % |
| (1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the
following is 4F., No.32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist., Taichung City, Central Taiwan Science Park, 42881, Taiwan. |
| (2) | Clariscope Ventures Group Ltd. is the record holder of such
shares. Dr Yung-Peng Chang, who is the sole director and holds 100% of the voting securities of Clariscope Ventures Group Ltd.,
has voting and investment discretion with respect to the ordinary shares held by Clariscope Ventures Group Ltd |
| (3) | Lucidity Investments Global Ltd. is the record holder of
such shares. Chih-Feng Wang, who is the sole director and holds 100% of the voting securities of Lucidity Investments Global Ltd.,
has voting and investment discretion with respect to the ordinary shares held by Lucidity Investments Global Ltd. |
| (4) | Vienna Management Holdings Ltd. is the record holder of such
shares. Dr Yung-Peng, Chang, who is the director of Vienna Management Holdings Ltd. and Lai Peng, Lynette Tong, who is the director and
holds 100% of the voting securities of Vienna Management Holdings Ltd., have voting and investment discretion with respect to the ordinary
shares held by Vienna Management Holdings Ltd. |
| (5) | Monilux Global Group Ltd. is the record holder of such shares.
Chun-Nien Liu, who is the sole director and holds 100% of the voting securities of Monilux Global Group Ltd., has voting and investment
discretion with respect to the ordinary shares held by Monilux Global Group Ltd. |
| (6) | All officers and directors as a group (10 individuals) holds
2,207,969 Semilux Ordinary Shares directly, 24,524,148 Semilux Ordinary Shares indirectly via Clariscope Venture Group Ltd., Lucidity
Investments Global Ltd., Vienna Management Holdings Ltd., Monolux Global Group Ltd. as disclosed in Notes 2 to 5. |
| (7) | Chenghe Investment Co. is the record holder of such shares.
Chenghe Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands incorporated company, is the sole member and the manager of the Sponsor. Mr. Richard
Qi Li, who holds 100% of the voting securities of Chenghe Group Limited, may be entitled to the right to receive one (1) CayCo Ordinary
Share for each SPAC Class B Ordinary Share owned by Chenghe Investment Co. Mr. Richard Qi Li, has voting and investment discretion
with respect to the ordinary shares held by Chenghe Group Limited through held of record by Chenghe Investment Co. Mr. Richard Qi
Li disclaims beneficial ownership over any securities owned by the Sponsor other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may
have therein, directly or indirectly. |
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
See Section C, “Share Ownership,” under Item 6 for information
as to our major shareholders.
B. Related Party Transactions
See Section B, “Compensation,” under
Item 6 for information as to our related party transactions.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Our consolidated financial statements begin on
page F-1.
Legal Proceedings
See “Legal Proceeding” under Section
B of “Item 4. Information on the Company”
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any dividend on
our ordinary shares and we do not anticipate paying any dividends on our ordinary shares in the future. We currently intend to retain
all future earnings to finance our operations and to expand our business.
No Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual
report, no other significant changes to our financial condition have occurred since the date of the annual financial statements
contained herein.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
Our ordinary shares, par value of US$0.0001 per
share, and warrants are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SELX”.
Our ordinary shares are issued in book entry form.
The transfer agent for our ordinary shares and
warrant agent for our warrants is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 1 State Street, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10004,
telephone: (212) 509-4000.
Our publicly traded ordinary shares are not subject
to any transfer restrictions.
B. Plan of Distribution
Not Applicable.
C. Markets
Our ordinary shares are currently traded on the
Nasdaq Capital Market.
D. Selling Shareholders
Not Applicable.
E. Dilution
Not Applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issuer
Not Applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not Applicable.
B. Authorized Share Capital
Pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, we are authorized to issue 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001
each (“Ordinary Shares”). As of the date of this annual report, there are 37,428,354 shares issued and outstanding.
All of our issued and outstanding
Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form, and are issued when registered in
the register of members of the Company. The Company may not issue Ordinary Shares to bearer. Subject to the provisions of the Cayman Companies
Act and the Articles of Association and the rules of the Stock Exchange, where applicable, and without prejudice to any rights attached
to any existing shares, all shares in the Company are at the disposal of the board, which may issue, allot, grant options over or otherwise
dispose of them to such persons, at such times, on such terms and conditions as it in its absolute discretion thinks fit.
Each Ordinary Share is entitled
to one (1) vote on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of the Company.
Subject to the provisions of
the Cayman Companies Act, Articles of Association and the rules of the Stock Exchange, where applicable, any share may be issued (a) with
or have attached thereto such rights, or such restrictions, whether with regard to dividend, voting, return of capital, or otherwise,
as the directors may determine, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares, or (b) on terms that, at the
option of the Company or the holder thereof, it is liable to be redeemed.
Variation of Rights
Subject to the Articles of
Association, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the rights attached
to the shares or any class of shares may (unless otherwise provided for by the terms of issue of that class) be varied, modified or abrogated
either with the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of an ordinary
resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such general meeting the provisions of the
Articles of Association relating to general meetings will mutatis mutandis apply, but so that the necessary quorum shall be one person
holding or representing by proxy not less than one-third (1/3) of the issued shares of that class. Every holder of shares of the
class present in person or by proxy shall be entitled to one vote for every such share held by him.
Transfer of Shares
Subject to the Articles of
Association, our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her the Company Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual
or common form or in a form prescribed by the Stock Exchange or any other form approved by the board of directors. The board may, in its
absolute discretion, and without giving any reason therefor, decline to register any transfer of the Company Ordinary Share which is not
fully paid up to a person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a
restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists. The board may also decline to register any transfer of any share unless a fee
(not exceeding the maximum sum as the Stock Exchange may determine to be payable) determined by the board is paid to the Company, the
instrument of transfer is properly stamped (if required), it is in respect of only one class of share, the number of joint holders to
whom the share is to be transferred does not exceed four (in the case of a transfer to joint holders) and is lodged with the Company accompanied
by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as the board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor
to make the transfer.
Liquidation
On a return of capital on winding
up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares), if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders
shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed
amongst the Company’s shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding
up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid
calls or otherwise. If the Company’s assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid up share capital,
the assets will be distributed so that, as nearly as possible, the losses are borne by the Company’s shareholders in proportion
to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up. Any distribution of assets or capital to a holder of
the Company Ordinary Share will be the same in any liquidation event.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive
Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman Islands law does not
limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except
to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification
against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The Articles of Association permit indemnification of officers and directors
from and against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, losses, damages and liabilities which they or any of them, their or any of
their personal representatives, incurred or sustained by them, other than by reason of their own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud,
in or about the conduct of the Company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution
or discharge of their duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any
costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil
proceedings concerning the Company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.
Insofar as indemnification
for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling our company under
the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions
Certain provisions in the Amended
and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent
a tender offer or takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider to be in its best interests, including attempts that might result
in a premium being paid over the market price for the Company Ordinary Shares. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage
persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors.
Ordinary Shares
The authorized but unissued
the Company Ordinary Shares will be available for future issuance by the board of directors on such terms as our board of directors may
determine, subject to the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act, the Articles of Association and the rules of the Stock Exchange, where
applicable, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety
of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans.
The existence of authorized but unissued the Company Ordinary Shares could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control
over us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or otherwise.
Appointment of Directors
Our directors shall, be elected
by the shareholders by way of any special resolution to either fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing directors. The
board of directors shall have power at any time to appoint any person as a director, either to fill casual vacancy or as an addition to
the existing directors.
Any director may in writing
appoint another person to be such director’s alternate, with the alternate having the authority to act in the director’s place
at any meeting at which the appointing director is unable to be present. A director may, but is not required to, appoint another director
to be an alternate.
Removal of Directors
A director may be removed from
office by special resolution of the Company before the expiration of his period of office. A director will also cease to be a director
if he or she (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with such director’s creditors generally; (ii) is
found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns the office of director by notice in writing to the company; (iv) is removed
from office pursuant to the Articles of Association; or (v) is prohibited, by any applicable law or the rules of the Stock Exchange,
from being a director.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
Under Cayman Islands law, directors
and officers owe the following fiduciary duties:
| ● | duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer
believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; |
| ● | duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those
powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; |
| ● | duty not to improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; |
| ● | duty to exercise powers fairly as between different sections
of members; |
| ● | duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is
a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests; and |
| ● | duty to exercise independent judgment. |
In addition to the above, directors
and officers also owe a duty of care which is not fiduciary in nature. This duty has been defined as a requirement to act as a reasonably
diligent person having both the general knowledge, skill and experience that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same
functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and the general knowledge skill and experience of that director.
Meetings of Shareholders
As a Cayman Islands exempted
company, the Company is not obliged by law to call annual general meetings. According to the Articles of Association, the Company may
hold an annual general meeting of the Company every year.
Capitalization of Profits and Reserves
Subject to applicable law,
the directors may resolve to capitalize all or any part of any amount standing to the credit of any reserve accounts or funds (including
a share premium account and capital redemption reserve and the profit and loss account) for distribution among the shareholders or any
class of shareholders who would be entitled thereto if it were distributed by way of dividend and in the proportion to the nominal amount
of shares held by such shareholders respectively, on the footing that the same is applied either in or towards paying up the amounts for
the time being unpaid on any shares in the Company held by such shareholders respectively or in paying up in full unissued shares or debentures
of a nominal amount equal to that sum, to be allotted and distributed credited as fully paid up among such shareholders in those proportions,
or partly in one way and partly in the other, provided that, for the purposes above, a share premium account and any capital redemption
reserve and profits which are not available for distribution, may be applied only in paying up unissued shares of the Company to be allotted
to such shareholders credited as fully paid.
Amendments to Amended and Restated Memorandum
and Articles of Association of the Company
The Articles of Association
may be altered or amended by the Company by special resolution. The Articles of Association state that a special resolution shall be required
to alter the provisions of the Memorandum of Association, to amend the Articles of Association or to change the name of the Company.
Mergers and Consolidations
the Company may by a special
resolution merge or consolidate with one or more constituent companies (as defined in the Cayman Companies Act), upon such terms as our
directors may determine subject to the Cayman Companies Act.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Continental Stock Transfer &
Trust Company is as the transfer agent and registrar for the Company Ordinary Shares.
Stock Exchange Listing
The Company is currently listed
on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SELX.”
Enforceability of Civil Liability under Cayman
Islands Law
The Company has been advised
by its Cayman Islands legal counsel that there is uncertainty as to whether courts of the Cayman Islands would (i) recognize or enforce
against it judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws
of the United States or any state; and (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors
or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. In those circumstances,
although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman
Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a foreign judgment, without any re-examination or re-litigation of
matters adjudicated upon, based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation
to pay a liquidated sum for which judgment has been given, provided such judgment: (a) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction;
(b) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given; (c) is final and
conclusive; (d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (e) was not obtained in a manner, and is not of a kind the
enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are
unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities
law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or
punitive in nature. A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
Anti-Money Laundering
In order to comply with legislation
or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering, we are required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering procedures
and may require subscribers to provide evidence to verify their identity and source of funds. Where permitted, and subject to certain
conditions, we may also delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence
information) to a suitable person.
We reserve the right to request
such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a subscriber. In some cases the directors may be satisfied that no further
information is required since an exemption applies under the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as
amended and revised from time to time (the “Regulations”). Depending on the circumstances of each application, a detailed
verification of identity might not be required where:
| ● | the subscriber makes the payment for their investment from
an account held in the subscriber’s name at a recognized financial institution; or |
| ● | the subscriber is regulated by a recognized regulatory authority
and is based or incorporated in, or formed under the law of, a recognized jurisdiction; or |
| ● | the application is made through an intermediary which is
regulated by a recognized regulatory authority and is based in or incorporated in, or formed under the law of a recognized jurisdiction
and an assurance is provided in relation to the procedures undertaken on the underlying investors. |
For the purposes of these exceptions,
recognition of a financial institution, regulatory authority, or jurisdiction will be determined in accordance with the Regulations by
reference to those jurisdictions recognized by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority as having equivalent anti-money laundering regulations.
In the event of delay or failure
on the part of the subscriber in producing any information required for verification purposes, we may refuse to accept the application,
in which case any funds received will be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally debited.
We also reserve the right to
refuse to make any redemption payment to a shareholder if our directors or officers suspect or are advised that the payment of redemption
proceeds to such shareholder might result in a breach of applicable anti-money laundering or other laws or regulations by any person
in any relevant jurisdiction, or if such refusal is considered necessary or appropriate to ensure our compliance with any such laws or
regulations in any applicable jurisdiction.
If any person resident in the
Cayman Islands knows or suspects or has reason for knowing or suspecting that another person is engaged in criminal conduct or is involved
with terrorism or terrorist property and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their attention in the course of their
business in the regulated sector, or other trade, profession, business or employment, the person will be required to report such knowledge
or suspicion to (i) a nominated officer (appointed in accordance with the Proceeds of Crime Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands)
or the Financial Reporting Authority of the Cayman Islands, pursuant to the Proceeds of Crime Act (Revised), if the disclosure relates
to criminal conduct or money laundering or (ii) to a police constable or a nominated officer (pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised)
of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority, pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised), if the disclosure relates to involvement
with terrorism or terrorist financing and terrorist property. Such a report shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction
upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.
Cayman Islands Data Protection Regime — Privacy
Notice
This privacy notice explains
the manner in which we collect, process, and maintain personal data about our investors pursuant to the Data Protection Act (Revised)
of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time and any regulations, codes of practice, or orders promulgated pursuant thereto (the
“DPA”).
We are committed to processing
personal data in accordance with the DPA. In our use of personal data, we will be characterized under the DPA as a “data controller,”
whilst certain of our service providers, affiliates, and delegates may act as “data processors” under the DPA. These
service providers may process personal information for their own lawful purposes in connection with services provided to us.
By virtue of your investment
in our Company, we and certain of our service providers may collect, record, store, transfer, and otherwise process personal data by which
individuals may be directly or indirectly identified.
Your personal data will be
processed fairly and for lawful purposes, including (a) where the processing is necessary for us to perform a contract to which you
are a party or for taking pre-contractual steps at your request, (b) where the processing is necessary for compliance with any
legal, tax, or regulatory obligation to which we are subject, or (c) where the processing is for the purposes of legitimate interests
pursued by us or by a service provider to whom the data are disclosed. As a data controller, we will only use your personal data
for the purposes for which we collected it. If we need to use your personal data for an unrelated purpose, we will contact you.
We anticipate that we will
share your personal data with our service providers for the purposes set out in this privacy notice. We may also share relevant personal
data where it is lawful to do so and necessary to comply with our contractual obligations or your instructions or where it is necessary
or desirable to do so in connection with any regulatory reporting obligations. In exceptional circumstances, we will share your personal
data with regulatory, prosecuting, and other governmental agencies or departments, and parties to litigation (whether pending or threatened),
in any country or territory including to any other person where we have a public or legal duty to do so (e.g. to assist with detecting
and preventing fraud, tax evasion, and financial crime or compliance with a court order).
Your personal data shall not
be held by our Company for longer than necessary with regard to the purposes of the data processing.
We will not sell your personal
data. Any transfer of personal data outside of the Cayman Islands shall be in accordance with the requirements of the DPA. Where
necessary, we will ensure that separate and appropriate legal agreements are put in place with the recipient of that data.
We will only transfer personal
data in accordance with the requirements of the DPA, and will apply appropriate technical and organizational information security measures
designed to protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of the personal data and against the accidental loss, destruction, or
damage to the personal data.
If you are a natural person,
this will affect you directly. If you are a corporate investor (including, for these purposes, legal arrangements such as trusts or exempted
limited partnerships) that provides us with personal data on individuals connected to you for any reason in relation to your investment
into our Company, this will be relevant for those individuals and you should inform such individuals of the content.
You have certain rights under
the DPA, including (a) the right to be informed as to how we collect and use your personal data (and this privacy notice fulfils
our obligation in this respect), (b) the right to obtain a copy of your personal data, (c) the right to require us to stop direct
marketing, (d) the right to have inaccurate or incomplete personal data corrected, (e) the right to withdraw your consent and
require us to stop processing or restrict the processing, or not begin the processing of your personal data, (f) the right to be
notified of a data breach (unless the breach is unlikely to be prejudicial), (g) the right to obtain information as to any countries
or territories outside the Cayman Islands to which we, whether directly or indirectly, transfer, intend to transfer, or wish to transfer
your personal data, general measures we take to ensure the security of personal data, and any information available to us as to the source
of your personal data, (h) the right to complain to the Office of the Ombudsman of the Cayman Islands, and (i) the right to
require us to delete your personal data in some limited circumstances.
If you consider that your personal
data has not been handled correctly, or you are not satisfied with our responses to any requests you have made regarding the use of your
personal data, you have the right to complain to the Cayman Islands’ Ombudsman. The Ombudsman can be contacted by calling +1 (345) 946-6283 or
by email at info@ombudsman.ky.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market
risks, which may result in potential losses arising from adverse changes in market rates, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates
and inflation and supply line factors. The effect of inflation and supply line factors and interest rates are described in Item 5. Operating
and Financial Review and Prospects.
The Company is exposed to various
risks in relation to financial instruments. The main types of risks are foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. While the Company
may enter into hedging contracts from time to time, any change in the fair value of the contracts could be offset by changes in the underlying
value of the transactions being hedged. Furthermore, the Company does not have foreign-exchange hedging contracts in place with respect
to all currencies in which it does business.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our results of operations and
cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. During financial year ended December 31 2022
and 2021, 90.2% and 96.4% of our revenue were generated in U.S. Dollars. For the same period, 73.3% and 72.5% of our expenses were denominated
in NTD, the currency of Taiwan in which we conduct our operations. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to
fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange
rates.
During the nine months ended
September 30, 2023 and 2022, 93.1% and 93.7% of our revenue were generated in U.S. Dollars, while 70.19% and 85.8% of our expenses
were denominated in NTD.
The effect of a hypothetical
10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial
statements. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies and does not enter into any hedging contracts for trading or speculative
purposes, the Company will increase its expenses and purchase in U.S. Dollars and may in the future hedge selected significant transactions
denominated in currencies other than the New Taiwan dollar to match with our expenses in NTD.
Interest Rates Risk
The Company is exposed to interest
rate risk because its borrowings are based on both fixed and floating interest rates. The Company’s interest rate risk is mainly
concentrated in the fluctuation of the benchmark interest rates arising from cash and cash equivalents- time deposits and repurchase agreements
collateralized by bonds, other financial assets, short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings, bonds payable, financial liabilities
designated at FVTPL and leasing liabilities. Among other things, (a) the Company’s short-term bank borrowings consist
of collateralized loans obtained from Chuang Hwa Bank and First Commercial Bank, that mature on November 11, 2023 and April 6,
2023, respectively; and (b) the Company’s long-term bank borrowings consisted of a loan from Chuang Hwa Bank and a credit
borrowing secured by the Credit Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises, that mature on December 5, 2027 and June 29,
2026, respectively, with interest calculated at Taipei Interbank Offered Rate (TAIBOR) plus 1.90%.
Credit Risk
Credit risk refers to the risk
that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. The Company’s credit
risk was mainly arising from bank deposits, trade receivables, other receivables, other financial assets, and refundable deposits. The
Company limits its credit risk by reviewing its counterparties’ financial condition and payment practices to minimize collection
risks on its accounts receivable.
Liquidity Risk
The Company manages liquidity
risk by monitoring and maintaining a level of cash deemed adequate to finance its operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations
in cash flows. In addition, management monitors the utilization of bank borrowings and ensures compliance with loan covenants.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN
EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Description of Warrants
Each of our warrants entitles the holder thereof
to purchase one ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time commencing March
16, 2024. The Warrants will expire February 16. 2029, which is five years after the effective time of the Merger, at 5:00 p.m.,
New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
We will not be obligated to deliver any ordinary
shares pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement
under the Securities Act with respect to the ordinary shares underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto
is current, subject to our satisfying our obligations described below with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable and
we will not be obligated to issue ordinary shares unless the ordinary shares issuable upon such warrant exercise have been registered,
qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants. In the
event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such warrant
will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will we be required
to net cash settle any warrant.
We may call the warrants for redemption (excluding
the private warrants as described below):
| ● | in
whole and not in part; |
| ● | at
a price of $0.01 per warrant; |
| ● | upon
not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption (the “30-day redemption period”) to each warrant
holder; and |
| ● | if,
and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock
dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three business
days before we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. |
C. Other Securities
Not Applicable
D. American Depository Shares
Not Applicable
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS
AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not Applicable
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures
(as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange
Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act
is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information
is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate,
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide
only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as
of December 31, 2023 Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as
of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance
level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control
over Financial Reporting
Our management, under the supervision of our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial
reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can
provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may decline.
Our management, including our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(c) promulgated under the Exchange Act, of the effectiveness,
as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, of its internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in
Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Based
on the results of this evaluation, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting
was effective.
Attestation Report
of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
As an “emerging
growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain temporary exemptions from various reporting requirements,
including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act (and the SEC rules and regulations thereunder). When these exemptions cease to apply, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote
increased management effort toward ensuring compliance with them.
Changes in Internal
Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls
over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act)
that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Kwan
Sun is an “audit committee financial expert.”
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies
to our principal executive and financial officers, and that also applies to all of our employees. The Code of Ethics is publicly available
on our website at https://investors.semilux.com/governance and is filed as an exhibit to this annual report. We will disclose on our website
any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics and Conduct that applies to our directors or executive officers to
the extent required under the rules of the SEC.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Enrome LLP, located in
Singapore (PCAOB ID 6907), has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since 2022. The following are Enrome’s
fees for 2023 and 2022:
| | |
Year ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| Audit fees (1) | |
$ | 150,000 | | |
$ | 230,000 | |
| Tax fees (2) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Total | |
| 150,000 | | |
| 230,000 | |
| (1) | “Audit fees” include
fees for services performed by our independent public accounting firm in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial
statements for 2023 and 2022 and consultation concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. Audit fees for 2022 also include
services in connection with our F-4 filings with the SEC. |
| (2) | “Tax fees” include
fees for professional services rendered and performed during the period by our independent registered public accounting firm for tax
compliance and tax advice and tax planning services on actual or contemplated transactions. |
Audit Committee’s
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
Our Audit Committee has
adopted a pre-approval policy for the engagement of our independent accountant to perform certain audit and non-audit services. Pursuant
to this policy, which is designed to assure that such engagements do not impair the independence of our auditors, the audit committee
pre-approves a maximum amount for certain potential services and approval is provided prior to any service performed by the independent
accountant. Prior to any engagement of the independent accountant by the Company or its subsidiaries to render audit or non-audit
services, a detailed description of the particular service to be performed as well as the fee structure are pre-approved by the Company’s
audit committee.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED
PURCHASERS
None.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
None.
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market. As such, we are subject to corporate governance requirements imposed by Nasdaq. Under Nasdaq rules, foreign private issuers, such
as us, may, in general, follow their home country corporate governance practices in lieu of some of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
A Nasdaq-listed foreign private issuer is required to provide a general summary of the significant differences either on the company website
or in its annual report. Currently, we do not plan to rely on the home country practice exemption with respect to its corporate governance
other than (i) the quorum requirements and (ii) the home country exception from the Nasdaq requirement for obtaining shareholder approval
for certain issuances of more than 20% of our common shares.
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS
THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable
ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES
We have an insider tradition policy
governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of the registrant’s securities by directors, senior management, and employees.
Our insider trading policy is filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.
ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Management
We have implemented and maintain
various information security processes designed to identify, assess and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical
computer networks, third party hosted services, communications systems, hardware and software, and our critical data, including intellectual
property, confidential information that is proprietary, strategic or competitive in nature, and other data related to our ongoing research
and development initiatives.
Our board of directors has
overall oversight responsibility for our cybersecurity and risk management, and the Chief Technology Officer oversees such management
and comprises several key management members. A subcommittee of our Company’s board of directors is responsible for monitoring the
implementation of our risk management policies across our Company, ensuring that our Company has processes in place designed to identify
and evaluate cybersecurity risks to which the company is exposed and implement processes and programs to manage cybersecurity risks and
mitigate cybersecurity incidents. Our Chief Technology Officer and dedicated personnel are certified and experienced information systems
security professionals and information security managers with years of experience. The Security and Privacy Committee regularly updates
the board of directors on the company’s cybersecurity programs, material cybersecurity risks and mitigation strategies and provide
cybersecurity reports annually that cover, among other topics, third-party assessments of the company’s cybersecurity programs,
developments in cybersecurity and updates to the company’s cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies. The Company has established
an information department responsible for planning, implementing, developing, and managing various information systems and equipment within
the Company. It is also responsible for formulating and implementing information security and management guidelines, conducting security
operations, promoting security awareness, and handling security incidents.
Our information technology
function helps identify, assess and manage our cybersecurity threats and risks. Our information technology function identifies and assesses
risks from cybersecurity threats by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment using various methods including, for example, automated
vulnerability scanning tools of the network, third-party cybersecurity audits, and use of external intelligence feeds. The Company relies
heavily on its information technology systems for many functions across its operations, including managing the Company’s supply
chain and inventory, processing customer transactions in the Company’s stores, allocating lens processing jobs to the appropriate
laboratories, the Company’s financial accounting and reporting, compensating the Company’s employees and operating the Company’s
websites. In 2023, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially
affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, despite our efforts, we cannot eliminate all risks
from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident. For more information
about these risks, please see “Item 3. Key Information—3.D. Risk Factors— Risks Related to Company’s Technology
and Intellectual Property— Any failure, inadequacy, interruption, security failure or breach of the Company’s information
technology systems, whether owned by the Company or outsourced or managed by third parties, could harm the Company’s ability to
effectively operate its business and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results
of operations.”
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Index to Financial Statements on Page F-1
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
| (1) | Filed
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form F-4, File No. 333-275857, filed by the Company with the SEC, and incorporated
herein by reference. |
SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby
certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to
sign this annual report on its behalf.
| May 15, 2024 |
Semilux International Ltd. |
| |
|
|
| |
By: |
/s/ Yung-Peng Chang |
| |
|
Yung-Peng Chang |
| |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
INDEX
TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Semilux International Ltd.
Opinion
on the Financial Statements
We
have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Semilux International Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss)/income,
shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and the related notes
(collectively referred to as the “combined financial statements”). In our opinion, the combined financial statements
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Basis
for Opinion
These
combined financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
the Company’s combined financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the PCAOB.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the combined financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error
or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.
As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose
of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express
no such opinion.
Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the combined financial statements, whether due
to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the combined financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the combined financial statements.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
Enrome LLP
We
have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023
Singapore
May
15, 2024
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
COMBINED
BALANCE SHEETS
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | | |
US$ | |
| ASSETS | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Current assets: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Cash and cash equivalents | |
| 299,340 | | |
| 202,465 | | |
| 6,612 | |
| Restricted cash | |
| 124,683 | | |
| 92,115 | | |
| 3,008 | |
| Accounts receivable, net | |
| 6,407 | | |
| 5,521 | | |
| 181 | |
| Inventories, net | |
| 36,768 | | |
| 47,751 | | |
| 1,559 | |
| Prepayments and other current assets | |
| 10,235 | | |
| 6,997 | | |
| 229 | |
| Total current assets | |
| 477,433 | | |
| 354,849 | | |
| 11,589 | |
| Non-current assets: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Property and equipment, net | |
| 54,876 | | |
| 47,970 | | |
| 1,567 | |
| Right-of-use assets | |
| 6,179 | | |
| 7,943 | | |
| 259 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | |
| 946 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Other non-current assets | |
| 7,623 | | |
| 7,007 | | |
| 229 | |
| Deferred offering costs | |
| - | | |
| 31,154 | | |
| 1,017 | |
| Total non-current assets | |
| 69,624 | | |
| 94,074 | | |
| 3,072 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS | |
| 547,057 | | |
| 448,923 | | |
| 14,661 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| LIABILITIES | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Current liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Short-term borrowings | |
| 108,370 | | |
| 90,000 | | |
| 2,939 | |
| Accounts payable | |
| 1,696 | | |
| 127 | | |
| 4 | |
| Other payables | |
| 15,988 | | |
| 16,893 | | |
| 552 | |
| Lease liabilities | |
| 4,548 | | |
| 7,943 | | |
| 259 | |
| Long-term borrowings | |
| 21,067 | | |
| 7,316 | | |
| 239 | |
| Other current liabilities | |
| 465 | | |
| 545 | | |
| 18 | |
| Total current liabilities | |
| 152,134 | | |
| 122,824 | | |
| 4,011 | |
| Non-current liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Long-term borrowings | |
| 47,700 | | |
| 43,157 | | |
| 1,409 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | |
| - | | |
| 73 | | |
| 2 | |
| Lease liabilities | |
| 1,325 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Total non-current liabilities | |
| 49,025 | | |
| 43,230 | | |
| 1,411 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | |
| 201,159 | | |
| 166,054 | | |
| 5,422 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 per value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 7,936,940 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023) * | |
| 68 | | |
| 68 | | |
| 2 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 8,497 | |
| Statutory reserve | |
| 10,718 | | |
| 11,077 | | |
| 362 | |
| Retained earnings/(accumulated deficit) | |
| 3,587 | | |
| (46,798 | ) | |
| (1,528 | ) |
| Total equity attributable to shareholders of the parent | |
| 274,537 | | |
| 224,511 | | |
| 7,333 | |
| Non-controlling interests * | |
| 71,361 | | |
| 58,358 | | |
| 1,906 | |
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | |
| 345,898 | | |
| 282,869 | | |
| 9,239 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | |
| 547,057 | | |
| 448,923 | | |
| 14,661 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined financial statements.
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
COMBINED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | | |
US$ | |
| Total revenues | |
| 126,133 | | |
| 102,438 | | |
| 32,840 | | |
| 1,073 | |
| Cost of revenue | |
| 69,310 | | |
| 56,525 | | |
| 48,049 | | |
| 1,569 | |
| Gross profit/(loss) | |
| 56,823 | | |
| 45,913 | | |
| (15,209 | ) | |
| (496 | ) |
| Operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Selling expenses | |
| 10,490 | | |
| 12,534 | | |
| 11,363 | | |
| 371 | |
| Administrative expenses | |
| 18,387 | | |
| 25,650 | | |
| 24,360 | | |
| 796 | |
| Research and development expenses | |
| 40,921 | | |
| 26,845 | | |
| 24,195 | | |
| 790 | |
| Impairment loss | |
| - | | |
| 253 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Total operating expenses | |
| 69,798 | | |
| 65,282 | | |
| 59,918 | | |
| 1,957 | |
| Net operating loss | |
| (12,975 | ) | |
| (19,369 | ) | |
| (75,127 | ) | |
| (2,453 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Non-operating (expenses)/income | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Interest income | |
| 419 | | |
| 3,462 | | |
| 14,680 | | |
| 479 | |
| Other income | |
| 7,166 | | |
| 2,844 | | |
| 385 | | |
| 13 | |
| Other (loss)/gains, net | |
| (21,627 | ) | |
| 37,399 | | |
| 992 | | |
| 32 | |
| Interest expenses | |
| (2,196 | ) | |
| (2,884 | ) | |
| (2,940 | ) | |
| (96 | ) |
| Total non-operating (expenses)/income | |
| (16,238 | ) | |
| 40,821 | | |
| 13,117 | | |
| 428 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| (Loss)/profit before income tax | |
| (29,213 | ) | |
| 21,452 | | |
| (62,010 | ) | |
| (2,025 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Income tax expenses | |
| 1,298 | | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 1,019 | | |
| 33 | |
| Net (loss)/income | |
| (30,511 | ) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| (63,029 | ) | |
| (2,058 | ) |
| Less: net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interests* | |
| (19,067 | ) | |
| 194 | | |
| (13,003 | ) | |
| (425 | ) |
| Net (loss)/income attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
| (11,444 | ) | |
| 14,829 | | |
| (50,026 | ) | |
| (1,633 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Other comprehensive loss | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| (329 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Total comprehensive loss | |
| (30,840 | ) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| (63,029 | ) | |
| (2,058 | ) |
| Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests* | |
| (19,201 | ) | |
| 194 | | |
| (13,003 | ) | |
| (425 | ) |
| Total comprehensive loss attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
| (11,639 | ) | |
| 14,829 | | |
| (50,026 | ) | |
| (1,633 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Net (loss)/income per ordinary share | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
- Basic and diluted | |
| (1.44 | ) | |
| 1.87 | | |
| (6.30 | ) | |
| (0.21 | ) |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
- Basic and diluted * | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 7,936,940 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined financial statements.
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
COMBINED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
Ordinary share * | | |
Additional paid-in | | |
Statutory | | |
Retain earnings / (accumulated | | |
Accumulated other comprehensive | | |
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the | | |
Non-controlling | | |
Total | |
| | |
Shares | | |
Amount | | |
capital | | |
reserve | | |
deficit) | | |
loss | | |
parent | | |
interests * | | |
equity | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 68 | | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 10,718 | | |
| 202 | | |
| (947 | ) | |
| 270,205 | | |
| 101,596 | | |
| 371,801 | |
| Net loss | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (11,444 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (11,444 | ) | |
| (19,067 | ) | |
| (30,511 | ) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (195 | ) | |
| (195 | ) | |
| (134 | ) | |
| (329 | ) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 68 | | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 10,718 | | |
| (11,242 | ) | |
| (1,142 | ) | |
| 258,566 | | |
| 82,395 | | |
| 340,961 | |
| Net income | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 14,829 | | |
| - | | |
| 14,829 | | |
| 194 | | |
| 15,023 | |
| Disposal of subsidiaries | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 1,142 | | |
| 1,142 | | |
| (11,228 | ) | |
| (10,086 | ) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 68 | | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 10,718 | | |
| 3,587 | | |
| - | | |
| 274,537 | | |
| 71,361 | | |
| 345,898 | |
| Net loss | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (50,026 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (50,026 | ) | |
| (13,003 | ) | |
| (63,029 | ) |
| Statutory reserve provision | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 359 | | |
| (359 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | |
| 7,936,940 | | |
| 68 | | |
| 260,164 | | |
| 11,077 | | |
| (46,798 | ) | |
| - | | |
| 224,511 | | |
| 58,358 | | |
| 282,869 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined financial statements
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
COMBINED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | | |
US$ | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Net (loss)/income | |
| (30,511 | ) | |
| 15,023 | | |
| (63,029 | ) | |
| (2,058 | ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Depreciation of property and equipment | |
| 13,966 | | |
| 13,473 | | |
| 14,302 | | |
| 467 | |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | |
| 12,749 | | |
| 11,332 | | |
| 10,095 | | |
| 330 | |
| Amortization expense of intangible asset | |
| 10,207 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | |
| - | | |
| 253 | | |
| (268 | ) | |
| (9 | ) |
| Deferred income tax | |
| (974 | ) | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 1,019 | | |
| 32 | |
| Gain/(loss) on disposal of property and equipment | |
| - | | |
| (25 | ) | |
| 30 | | |
| 1 | |
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | |
| - | | |
| 5,118 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Accounts receivable | |
| (7,131 | ) | |
| 16,731 | | |
| 1,154 | | |
| 38 | |
| Inventories | |
| (8,669 | ) | |
| (9,442 | ) | |
| (10,983 | ) | |
| (359 | ) |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |
| (3,454 | ) | |
| (7,376 | ) | |
| 3,238 | | |
| 104 | |
| Right-of-use assets | |
| (6,681 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (11,859 | ) | |
| (387 | ) |
| Other non-current assets | |
| (1,993 | ) | |
| 3,646 | | |
| 11,932 | | |
| 390 | |
| Accounts payable | |
| 1,290 | | |
| (5,078 | ) | |
| (1,569 | ) | |
| (51 | ) |
| Lease liabilities | |
| (5,603 | ) | |
| (11,704 | ) | |
| 2,070 | | |
| 68 | |
| Other payables | |
| 4,243 | | |
| 198 | | |
| 5,728 | | |
| 187 | |
| Income taxes payable | |
| 1,814 | | |
| 753 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Other current liabilities | |
| (212 | ) | |
| (2,832 | ) | |
| 80 | | |
| 3 | |
| Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities | |
| (20,959 | ) | |
| 36,499 | | |
| (38,060 | ) | |
| (1,244 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net off cash balance at disposed entities | |
| - | | |
| (1,511 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Purchase of property and equipment, net | |
| (19,426 | ) | |
| (28,417 | ) | |
| (23,658 | ) | |
| (773 | ) |
| Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment, net | |
| - | | |
| 35 | | |
| 93 | | |
| 3 | |
| Decrease in refundable deposits | |
| 10 | | |
| 790 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | |
| (19,416 | ) | |
| (29,103 | ) | |
| (23,565 | ) | |
| (770 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| CASH FLOWS FORM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Increase in short-term loans | |
| 77,480 | | |
| 219,164 | | |
| 100,152 | | |
| 3,271 | |
| Decrease in short-term loans | |
| (52,740 | ) | |
| (200,904 | ) | |
| (118,522 | ) | |
| (3,871 | ) |
| Deferred offering costs | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (31,154 | ) | |
| (1,017 | ) |
| Proceeds from long-term debt | |
| 44,780 | | |
| 21,790 | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Repayments of long-term debt | |
| (1,545 | ) | |
| (15,412 | ) | |
| (18,294 | ) | |
| (597 | ) |
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities | |
| 67,975 | | |
| 24,638 | | |
| (67,818 | ) | |
| (2,214 | ) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | |
| (327 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |
| 27,273 | | |
| 32,034 | | |
| (129,443 | ) | |
| (4,228 | ) |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | |
| 364,716 | | |
| 391,989 | | |
| 424,023 | | |
| 13,848 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | |
| 391,989 | | |
| 424,023 | | |
| 294,580 | | |
| 9,620 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Cash paid for income tax | |
| (458 | ) | |
| (2,413 | ) | |
| (1,438 | ) | |
| (47 | ) |
| Cash paid for interest | |
| (1,690 | ) | |
| (2,695 | ) | |
| (3,015 | ) | |
| (98 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | |
| 6,681 | | |
| - | | |
| 11,246 | | |
| 367 | |
The
following tables provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the combined balance sheets that sum to the total
of the same amounts shown in the combined statements of cash flows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| | |
NT$ | | |
NT$ | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year | |
| 287,943 | | |
| 299,340 | |
| Restricted cash, beginning of year | |
| 76,773 | | |
| 124,683 | |
| Total cash and restricted cash, beginning of year | |
| 364,716 | | |
| 424,023 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year | |
| 299,340 | | |
| 202,465 | |
| Restricted cash, end of year | |
| 124,683 | | |
| 92,115 | |
| Total cash and restricted cash, end of year | |
| 424,023 | | |
| 294,580 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined financial statements
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES
TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| 1. | Organization
and principal activities |
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD. (the “Cayco”) through its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) are primarily engaged
in the development, manufacture and sales of laser module and its components.
Cayco
was incorporated as an ultimate holding company under the laws of the Cayman Islands on July 19, 2023. Taiwan color optics, Inc. (“TCO”)
was established in October 2009 in Republic of China (R.O.C.), is the Company’s main operating entities in China.
Semilux
Ltd. (the “Merge Sub”) was incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands incorporated on May 10,
2023 and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CayCo.
On
July 21, 2023, Cayco entered into several restructuring documents with certain TCO shareholders (“TCO Reorganization”). On
February 5, 2024, Cayco consummated the TCO Reorganization with TCO, and TCO became a subsidiary of Cayco.
As
of March [ ], 2024, the issuance date of the financial statements, the details of the Company’s major subsidiaries are as follows.:
| Entity | |
Date of Incorporation | |
Place of Incorporation | |
% of Ownership | | |
Major business activities |
| Taiwan Color Optics Inc | |
October 19, 1999 | |
Taiwan | |
| 100 | % | |
Sales of laser module and its components |
| Semilux Ltd. | |
May 10, 2023 | |
Cayman Islands | |
| 100 | % | |
Investment Holding |
The
Company undertook the following steps to affect a reorganization (the “Reorganization”):
| ● | Formation
of Cayco and Merge Sub. |
| ● | Each existing TCO Shareholder exchanged their TCO ordinary shares with CayCo ordinary shares. Through the shares exchange, Cayco obtained 79.37% of the equity interests of TCO and allotted 7,936,940 Cayco ordinary shares to initial TCO shareholders who participated in the TCO Reorganization. |
| ● | At
the TCO Reorganization closing and immediately following the issuance of CayCo ordinary shares
to the relevant shareholders, each initial CayCo shareholder will surrender all of its CayCo
ordinary shares and any other shares of CayCo that were issued and outstanding immediately
prior to the Reorganization for no consideration to CayCo and all such shares of CayCo will
be cancelled. |
Immediately
before and after the Reorganization as described above, Cayco together with its subsidiaries were effectively controlled by the same
controlling shareholders; therefore, the Reorganization was accounted for as a recapitalization, and thus the current capital structure
has been retroactively presented in all periods as if such structure existed at that time, the entities under common control are presented
on a combined basis for all periods to which such entities were under common control. Since all of the subsidiaries were under common
control for the entirety of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the results of these subsidiaries are included in the financial
statements for all periods, and the equity has been restated to reflect the change as well.
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES
TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$
in thousands, except for share and per share data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary
of Significant accounting policies |
The
accompanying combined financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying combined financial
statements are summarized below.
| (b) | Principles of combination |
The
combined financial statements include the financial statements of the Company. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated
upon combination. For combined subsidiaries where the Company ownership in the subsidiary is less than 100%, the equity interest not
held by the Group is shown as non-controlling interests.
| (c) | Use of estimates and assumptions |
The
preparation of the combined financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet
dates, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and disclosed in the combined financial statements and accompanying
notes.
Significant
accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s combined financial statements include lower of cost and net realizable value of
inventory, recoverability of receivables, valuation of deferred tax assets, and assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, useful
lives and residual values of long-lived assets. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could
differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the combined financial statements.
| (d) | Foreign currency translation |
The
Company’s principal country of operations is the R.O.C. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using
New Taiwan Dollars (NT$), the local currency, as the functional currency. In preparing the combined financial statements, the operating
results and financial positions of each combined entity are translated into NT$.
In
preparing the financial statements of each individual combined entity, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional
currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each
reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Such exchange
differences are recognized in profit or loss in the year in which they arise. Non-monetary items measured at fair value that are denominated
in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising
on the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the year except for exchange differences arising on the
retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which
case, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms
of historical cost in foreign currencies are not retranslated.
For
the purposes of presenting combined financial statements, both the assets and liabilities and the income and expense items of the Company’s
foreign operations are translated into NT$ using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Exchange differences
arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to non-controlling interests as appropriate).
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
| (e) | Convenience translation |
The Company maintains its accounts and expresses
its combined financial statements in NT$, which is the Company’s functional currency. For convenience only, U.S. dollar amounts
presented in the accompanying combined financial statements have been translated from New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rate as set
forth in the statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of the Unites States, which was NT$30.62 to US$1.00 as of December 31,
2023. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the New Taiwan dollar amounts have been, could have
been, or could in the future be, converted into U.S. dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.
| (f) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash equivalents, for the purpose of meeting short-term
cash commitments, consist of highly liquid time deposits and investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Cash that are restricted as to withdrawal for use
or pledged as security is reported separately as restricted cash, and that are restricted as to withdrawal or use for other than current
operations is classified as non-current. The restricted cash mainly consists of time deposits that secure the Company’s short-term
borrowings.
| (h) | Accounts receivable, net |
Accounts receivables are recognized in the period
when the Company has delivered goods to its customers and when its right to consideration is unconditional. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13,
“Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement on Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, including
certain subsequent amendments, transitional guidance and other interpretive guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU
2019-11, ASU 2020-02 and ASU 2020-03 (collectively, including ASU 2016-13, “ASC 326”) on January 1, 2023 using the modified
retrospective transition approach. ASC 326 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts,
which replaces the previous incurred loss impairment model. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s
combined financial statements. The Company’s estimation of allowance for doubtful accounts considers factors such as historical
credit loss experience, age of receivable balances, current market conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic
conditions, as well as an assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties to determine whether these receivables
are considered at risk or uncollectible.
The Company evaluates its accounts receivable for
expected credit losses on a regular basis. The Company maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable
to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company considers factors in assessing the collectability of its receivables, such
as the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history, credit-worthiness and other specific circumstances related to the
accounts. The Company adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts
and actual bad debts. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable is likely to be unrecoverable, the Company
also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Accounts receivable balances are written off
after all collection efforts have been exhausted.
| (i) | Prepayment and other current assets |
Prepayment and other assets represent amounts that
the Company has paid in advance of receiving benefits or services. Prepayment and other assets include amounts for prepayments to suppliers,
prepaid expenses and prepaid insurance premiums and are recognized as an expense over the general contractual period.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or
estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs determined on the
weighted-average basis. The Company records inventory write-downs as cost of revenue for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions
on current and future demand forecasts. If the inventory on hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts are written
off. The Company also reviews inventory to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale
of the inventory. This requires the determination of the estimated selling price of the inventory less the estimated cost to convert
inventory on hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established
and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
| (k) | Fair value measurement |
Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price
that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at
fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that
market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy
that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices, in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable
for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active
markets; quoted prices for identical asset or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume
or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant
inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable
market data. |
| ● | Level 3 applies
to asset or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology
that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents,
restricted cash, prepayments and other current assets, short-term borrowings, accounts payables, other payables and other liabilities
approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.
Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches
to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The
market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets
or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement
is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that
would currently be required to replace an asset.
When available, the Company uses quoted market
prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Company will measure fair
value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest
rates and currency rates.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
| (l) | Property and equipment, net |
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net
of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives and estimated residual
values of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of these assets are generally as follows:
| Category | |
Estimated useful life |
| Machinery equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Other equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Leasehold improvements | |
Over the shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred,
whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the
related assets. Gains and losses from the disposal of property and equipment are the differences between the net sales proceeds and the
carrying amounts of the relevant assets and are recognized in the combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Construction in process records the cost of construction
work, which is not yet completed. A construction in process item is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service. Depreciation
is recorded starting at the time when assets are ready for the intended use.
For a contract that contains a lease component
and non-lease component, the Company may elect to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
The Company as lessee
The Company accounts for its lease under ASC 842
Leases, and identifies lease as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property,
plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For all operating leases except for short-term
leases, the Company recognizes operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less
are short-term lease and not recognized as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the combined balance sheet.
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent
the Company’s right to use underlying assets including vehicles and production equipment for the lease term and lease liabilities
represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. At inception of a contract, the Company assesses
whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified
asset for a peri od of time in exchange of a consideration. To assess whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company assess whether
the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from
the use of the asset and whether it has the right to control the use of the asset.
The right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities
are recognized at the lease commencement date. The Company recognizes lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The right-of-use of asset is initially measured
at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement
date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentive received. For operating lease, lease expense is recorded on
a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amortization of the right-of-use asset is calculated as the difference between the straight-line
lease expense and the interest calculated on the lease liability.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
Lease liability is initially measured at the present
value of the outstanding lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease
payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed lease payments, variable lease payments that depend on an
index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and any exercise price under a purchase option that
the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments, if there is a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be
payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is any change in the Company assessment of option purchases, contract extensions
or termination options.
| (n) | Deferred offering costs |
Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting,
underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the business combination among
Chenghe Acquisition Co., Semilux International Ltd., SEMILUX LTD., and TCO INC. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts
and commissions, will be charged to temporary equity and permanent equity upon completion of the proposed public offering. Should the
proposed public offering prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged
to operations. For the year ended December 31 2023, the Company has incurred NT$12,480 of deferred offering costs.
| (o) | Impairment of long-lived assets |
Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will affect the future use
of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the
Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing
the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets
and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets,
the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.
No impairment charge was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
Borrowings comprise long-term and short-term bank
borrowings. Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated
at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds net of transaction costs and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss
over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
Revenue is recognized based on the requirements
of ASC Topic 606 when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized when the following five-step
revenue recognition criteria are met:
| 1) | Identify the contract
with a customer |
| 2) | Identify the performance
obligations in the contract |
| 3) | Determine the transaction
price |
| 4) | Allocate the transaction
price |
| 5) | Recognize revenue when
or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation |
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
The following table identifies the disaggregation
of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Sale of laser diode modules and related components | |
NT$ | 124,816 | | |
NT$ | 97,587 | | |
NT$ | 32,684 | |
| Others | |
| 1,317 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 156 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Taiwan | |
NT$ | 4,521 | | |
NT$ | 10,006 | | |
NT$ | 1,659 | |
| Mainland China | |
| 105,432 | | |
| 75,246 | | |
| 20,515 | |
| Germany | |
| 12,979 | | |
| 14,926 | | |
| 7,488 | |
| Others | |
| 3,201 | | |
| 2,260 | | |
| 3,178 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
The Company mainly engages in the manufacturing
and sale of laser diode modules and related components. The consideration is fixed and the revenue is recognized at a point in time when
the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised product to a customer upon acceptance by customers.
Contract assets and liabilities
The Company applies the practical expedient in
Topic 606 that permits the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization
period of such costs is one year or less. These costs are included in cost of revenues if any.
Payment terms are established on the Company’s
pre-established credit requirements based upon an evaluation of customers’ credit. the Company had no other material contract assets,
contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on its combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.
Cost of revenue consists primarily of cost of products,
labor cost, depreciation, maintenance, and other overhead expenses.
| (s) | Research and development expenses |
Research and development costs include personnel-related
expenses associated with the Company’s engineering personnel responsible for the design, development and testing of its products.
Such costs related to product development are included in research and development expense until the technological feasibility is reached,
which is generally shortly before the products are released to production. Research and development costs are charged to the combined
statements of operations as incurred.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the combined financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected
to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The Company offset
deferred tax assets and liabilities within a jurisdiction.
The provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for combined financial statement recognition and measurement
of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income
tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties
associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified
as income tax expense in the period incurred.
The Company did not accrue any liability, interest
or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes line of its combined statements of (loss) income for
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The Company does not expect that its assessment
regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.
Government subsidies are recognized as other income
when received and all the conditions for their receipt have been met. The government subsidies were paid by cash and have no defined
rules and regulations to govern the criteria necessary for the Company to enjoy the benefits.
| (v) | Non-controlling Interest |
A non-controlling interest in a subsidiary of the
Company represents the portion of the equity (net assets) in the subsidiary not directly or indirectly attributable to the Company. Non-controlling
interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the combined balance sheets and net (loss)/income and other comprehensive
loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders are presented as a separate component on the combined statements of operations.
| (w) | (Loss) income per share |
The Company computes basic (loss)/income per share
in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share” by dividing the net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing
net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted
average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of
ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included
in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such share would be anti-dilutive.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 2. | Summary of Significant accounting policies (cont.) |
| (x) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
The Company is an “emerging growth company”
(“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, EGC
can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards
apply to private companies.
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01,
“Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements”, which amends certain provisions of ASC 842 that apply to arrangements
between related parties under common control. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for leasehold improvements in common-control
arrangements for all entities. ASU 2023-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods
within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any annual or interim period as of the beginning of the related fiscal year.
The Company will adopt ASU 2023-01 from January 1, 2024. The Company expects the impact of adoption of this ASU to be immaterial to its
financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,
Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure
requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The update will require public entities to disclose
significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within segment profit
and loss. Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment
and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant
expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods
beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively
to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard
to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,
Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures,
primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments
are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied
either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard to determine
its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
Other accounting standards that have been issued
by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the combined financial statements
upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent standards that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its combined
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
| 3. | Certain risks and concentration |
The Company’s financial instruments that
potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, net. As
of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, substantially all the Company’s cash were held in major financial institutions located
in the R.O.C., which management considers to being of high credit quality. For accounts receivable, net, the Company maintains an estimated
allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company considers
factors in assessing the collectability of its receivables, such as the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history,
credit-worthiness and other specific circumstances related to the accounts.
The top customers whose revenues individually represented
greater than 10% of the total net revenues of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer A | |
| 41.0 | % | |
| 29.1 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 15.3 | % | |
| 22.8 | % |
| Customer C | |
| 19.8 | % | |
| 17.7 | % |
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 3. | Certain risks and concentration (cont.) |
Accounts receivable due from customers who represent
10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable were as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer C | |
| 24.3 | % | |
| 37.5 | % |
| Customer A | |
| 36.6 | % | |
| 21.2 | % |
| Customer D | |
| 13.0 | % | |
| 18.2 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 17.2 | % | |
| 13.9 | % |
The Company is also subject to concentration risk
from its suppliers. The top supplier whose purchases individually represented greater than 10% of the total purchases of the Company
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Supplier A | |
| * | | |
| 88.3 | % |
| Supplier B | |
| 39.7 | % | |
| * | |
| Supplier C | |
| 15.7 | % | |
| 2.8 | % |
| Supplier D | |
| 10.1 | % | |
| 2.5 | % |
As of December 31, 2022 and 2023 the proportion
of account payable accounted for less than 10% of total liabilities.
| 4. | Disposal of subsidiaries |
In July 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose
of all its interest in Optonomous Technologies Inc. (75.00%) (“OPI”) and Taiwan Color Optics Technologies, Ltd. (24.69%) (“TCOT”)
to a third-party individual, with net consideration of NT$0.001 and NT$100 in cash, respectively. The disposal of subsidiaries resulted
in a loss of NT$5,118 recorded in the accompanying combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the caption of “other
(loss) gains, net” for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The disposal of OPI was not a strategic shift of
the Company’s business, while the disposal of TCOT was a strategic shift of the Company’s business. However, since TCO INC.
only controlled 24.69% of TCOT’s equity interest before disposal, and the proportion of TCOT’s total assets and revenue as
of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 accounted for less than 10% of that the Company’s, the disposal of TCOT would
not have major impact on the Company’s business. Therefore, the disposal of OPI and TCOT was not qualified as discontinued operation.
The reconciliation of loss on disposal of subsidiaries
are as follows: Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| | |
As of July 1,
2022 | |
| | |
(unaudited) | |
| Total consideration received | |
NT$ | 100 | |
| Net liabilities of subsidiaries attributed to the Company | |
| (3,779 | ) |
| Reversal of accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
| (1,439 | ) |
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | |
NT$ | 5,118 | |
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Restricted time deposits | |
NT$ | 124,683 | | |
NT$ | 92,115 | |
The amount as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 represented
time deposits placed in Chuang Hwa Bank and First Commercial Bank as collateral for obtaining short-term loans from these banks. (Note
10). The maturity date of the restricted time deposit with an interest rate of 5.2% is February 11, 2024.
| 6. | Accounts receivable, net |
| |
|
As of December 31, |
|
| |
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
| Accounts receivable |
|
NT$ |
6,683 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,529 |
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
(276 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
| Accounts receivable, net |
|
NT$ |
6,407 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,521 |
|
The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) |
| (Additions)/Reversal | |
| - | | |
| (253 | ) | |
| 268 | |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) | |
NT$ | (8 | ) |
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Raw material | |
NT$ | 10,098 | | |
NT$ | 9,118 | |
| Work-in-process | |
| 16,747 | | |
| 21,542 | |
| Finished goods | |
| 23,015 | | |
| 38,712 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| (13,092 | ) | |
| (21,621 | ) |
| Total | |
NT$ | 36,768 | | |
NT$ | 47,751 | |
The movements in the allowance for inventory valuation
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | 12,755 | | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | |
| Additions | |
| 1,259 | | |
| 4,580 | | |
| 10,525 | |
| Reductions | |
| (3,264 | ) | |
| (2,238 | ) | |
| (1,995 | ) |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | | |
NT$ | 21,621 | |
The reversal of allowance for inventory valuation
was NT$2,005 for the years ended December 31, 2021, and the allowance for inventory valuation was NT$ 2,342 and NT$ 8,530 for the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 8. | Property and equipment, net |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Machinery equipment | |
NT$ | 106,944 | | |
NT$ | 113,599 | |
| Leasehold improvements | |
| 21,541 | | |
| 22,044 | |
| Other equipment | |
| 10,019 | | |
| 10,194 | |
| Subtotal | |
NT$ | 138,504 | | |
NT$ | 145,837 | |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | |
| (83,628 | ) | |
| (97,867 | ) |
| Property and equipment, net | |
NT$ | 54,876 | | |
NT$ | 47,970 | |
Depreciation expenses were NT$13,966, NT$13,473
and NT$14,302 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
No impairment charge was recorded for the years
ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. NT$27,047 and NT$23,739 of property and equipment, net used as collateral for long-term
bank borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 (Note 10).
At the inception of a contract, the Company determines
if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. The leases of the Company mainly consisted of land use right leasing, building leasing and
transportation leasing. A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 is as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 48,405 | | |
NT$ | 29,018 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets- accumulated amortization | |
| (42,226 | ) | |
| (21,075 | ) |
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |
NT$ | 6,179 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Lease liabilities, current | |
NT$ | 4,548 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| Lease liabilities, non-current | |
| 1,325 | | |
| - | |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 5,873 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,095 | |
| Interest expenses | |
| - | | |
| 226 | |
| Remaining lease term and discount rate: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | |
| 2.23 | | |
| 0.96 | |
| Weighted average discount rate | |
| 1.20 | % | |
| 1.84 | % |
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
For the years ended December 31 2021, 2022 and
2023, the lease expense was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Leases expense | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,321 | |
| Short-term lease expense | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 427 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,748
| |
The total future minimum lease payments of operating
lease with respect to the building and transportation as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
| | |
Amounts | |
| Year ended December 31, | |
| |
| 2024 | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Thereafter | |
| - | |
| Total lease payments | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Less: imputed interest | |
| (64 | ) |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
Lease expenses were included in operating expenses in the combined
statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cash paid during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 for amount included
in the measurement of lease liabilities was NT$12,284, NT$11,704 and NT$11,651.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
Interest expense related to borrowing was NT$1,427,
NT$2,521 and NT$2,940 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Borrowing as of December 31, 2022 and 2023
represented the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Short-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 108,370 | | |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
| Long-term borrowings, current | |
NT$ | 21,067 | | |
NT$ | 7,316 | |
| Long-term borrowings, non-current | |
| 47,700 | | |
| 43,157 | |
| Subtotal of long-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
| Total borrowings | |
NT$ | 177,137 | | |
NT$ | 140,473 | |
As of December 31, 2022, the short-term bank borrowings
consisted of collateralized loans obtained from Chuang Hwa Bank and First Commercial Bank. These loans were secured by time deposits
held in the same banks. The collateralized time deposits were categorized as restricted cash (Note 5).
As of December 31, 2023, the short-term bank borrowings
were collateralized loans from Chuang Hwa Bank, backed by time deposits held within the bank. The collateralized time deposit continued
to be classified as restricted cash (Note 5). The borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.90% | | |
November 11, 2022 | |
November 11, 2023 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| First Commercial Bank | |
| 1.75%~2.08% | | |
June 10, 2022 | |
April 6, 2023 | |
| 26,370 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 108,370 | |
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.81% | | |
November 13, 2023 | |
November 13, 2024 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| E.Sun Bank | |
| 2.43% | | |
October 28, 2023 | |
April 28, 2024 | |
| 8,000 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
The long-term bank borrowings were obtained from
Chuang Hwa Bank. The credit borrowing was secured by the Credit Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises and the guaranteed borrowing
was guaranteed by the property and equipment of NT$27,047 and NT$ 23,739 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively (Note 8). The
borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Guaranteed borrowing | |
| 2.15% | | |
December 05, 2022 | |
December 05, 2027 | |
NT$ | 15,800 | | |
NT$ | 12,640 | |
| Credit borrowing | |
| 2.0%~2.1% | | |
August 21, 2020 | |
June 29, 2026 | |
| 52,967 | | |
| 37,833 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 2,272 | | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | - | |
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense | |
| (974 | ) | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 1,019 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s
total income tax expense to the (loss)/ income before income taxes for the years ended December 31,2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| (Loss) income before income tax provision | |
NT$ | (29,213 | ) | |
NT$ | 21,452 | | |
NT$ | (62,010 | ) |
| Income tax computed at statutory tax rate | |
| (5,057 | ) | |
| 2,613 | | |
| (12,402 | ) |
| Non-taxable income and non-deductible expenses | |
| 349 | | |
| 1,353 | | |
| 28 | |
| Temporary differences that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 4,337 | | |
| - | | |
| 4,121 | |
| Tax loss that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 2,410 | | |
| 2,463 | | |
| 9,272 | |
| Others | |
| (741 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
Deferred tax assets, net
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes.
The following table sets forth the significant
components of the deferred tax assets:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | |
| | |
| |
| Inventory write-down | |
NT$ | 2,618 | | |
NT$ | 4,121 | |
| Unrealized exchange loss | |
| (1,685 | ) | |
| - | |
| Net operating loss carried forward | |
| - | | |
| 21,175 | |
| Other | |
| 13 | | |
| - | |
| Total deferred tax assets | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | 25,296 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| - | | |
| (25,296 | ) |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | - | |
| | |
| | | |
| - | |
| Deferred tax liability: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Unrealized exchange benefit | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
| Total deferred tax liability | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
Deferred tax assets are recognized in the combined
financial statements only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Company can
utilize the benefits. The use of these tax losses is subject to the agreement of the tax authority and compliance with certain provisions
of the tax legislation of the place in which the Company operates.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position
(including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits
associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain
tax positions. The Company does not believe that its uncertain tax benefits position will materially change over the next twelve months.
(a) Ordinary shares and additional paid-in
capital
On July 21, 2023, Cayco entered into the several
restructuring documents with certain TCO shareholders (“TCO Reorganization”). On February 5, 2024, Cayco consummated the
TCO Reorganization with TCO, and TCO become a subsidiary of Cayco. Cayco allotted 7,936,940 Cayco ordinary shares to initial TCO shareholders
who participated in the TCO Reorganization. The transaction is accounted for as a recapitalization, TCO is determined as the predecessor
and became the Cayco’s historical financial statements, with retrospective adjustments to give effect of the recapitalization.
As of December 31, 2023, issued and outstanding
ordinary shares of the Company were both 7,936,940.
(b) Statutory reserve
TCO INC. and its Taiwan subsidiary are required
to reserve 10% of their net profit after income tax, as determined in accordance with the Taiwan regulations. The profit arrived at must
be set off against any accumulated losses sustained by the entities in prior years, before allocation is made to the statutory reserve.
Appropriation to the statutory reserve must be made before distribution of dividends to shareholders.
(c) Non-controlling interests
In July 2022, the Company disposed of all its interest
in OPI. (75.00%) and TCOT (24.69%) and corresponding non-controlling interests of NT$11,228. (Note 4)
In January 2024, as a result of the Reorganization
of the Company (Note 1), Cayco obtained 79.37% of the equity interests of TCO. The equity interests held by the original shareholders
of TCO who did not participate the Reorganization are recognized as non-controlling interests as if the reorganization had been completed
at the beginning of the earliest reporting period.
SEMILUX INTERNATIONAL LTD.
NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(NT$ in thousands, except for share and per share
data, or otherwise noted)
| 13. | Net (loss) income per share |
The following table sets forth the basic and diluted
net (loss) income per share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years ended December 31,
2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For
the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Numerator: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Net
(loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (11,444 | ) | |
NT$ | 14,829 | | |
NT$ | (50,026) | |
| Denominator: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding-basic and diluted | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | |
| Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (1.44 | ) | |
NT$ | 1.87 | | |
NT$ | (6.30 | ) |
| 14. | Commitments and contingencies |
Operating lease
As of December 31, 2023, the Company entered into
lease agreements as lessee with third parties, the minimum future commitments under these agreements are as follows:
| Year ending December 31, | |
Lease
commitment | |
| 2024 | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
Capital commitment
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has no commitments.
Contingencies
As of December 31, 2023, the Company was not involved
in any legal or administrative proceedings that may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position
results of operations, or cash flows.
On February 15, 2024 (the “Closing Date”),
Cayco consummated the transaction pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement with Chenghe, and Semilux (“Merger Sub”).
(the Company and together with CayCo and Merger Sub, the “TCO Parties”),
The merger was carried out in two steps:
| (a) | Merger Sub merged with and into Chenghe with Chenghe being
the surviving company and as a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Merger, and Chenghe changed its name to “SEMILUX LTD.” |
| (b) | Upon the closing of the Business Combination, trading of
Chenghe’s Class A ordinary shares and units was ceased, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub was ceased. |
Following the consummation of the transaction,
Chenghe. as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Cayco.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events
through May 15, 2024, the date of issuance of the combined financial statements, and did not identify any other subsequent events
with material financial impact on the Company’s combined financial statements.
F-23
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6.30
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Exhibit 2.1
DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES
The
following is a description of the securities of Semilux International Ltd. which are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Ordinary
Shares
Pursuant
to the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, we are authorized to issue 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par
value of US$0.0001 each (“Ordinary Shares”). As of April 30, 2024, we had 37,428,354 shares issued and outstanding.
All
of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form, and
are issued when registered in the register of members of the Company. The Company may not issue Ordinary Shares to bearer. Subject to
the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act and the Articles of Association and the rules of the Stock Exchange, where applicable, and
without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares, all shares in the Company are at the disposal of the board, which may
issue, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times, on such terms and conditions as it in its
absolute discretion thinks fit.
Each
Ordinary Share is entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to vote at general and special meetings of the Company.
Subject
to the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act, Articles of Association and the rules of the Stock Exchange, where applicable, any share
may be issued (a) with or have attached thereto such rights, or such restrictions, whether with regard to dividend, voting, return
of capital, or otherwise, as the directors may determine, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares, or (b) on
terms that, at the option of the Company or the holder thereof, it is liable to be redeemed.
Variation
of Rights
Subject
to the Articles of Association, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of shares, all or any
of the rights attached to the shares or any class of shares may (unless otherwise provided for by the terms of issue of that class) be
varied, modified or abrogated either with the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued shares of that class or with
the sanction of an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such general
meeting the provisions of the Articles of Association relating to general meetings will mutatis mutandis apply, but so that the necessary
quorum shall be one person holding or representing by proxy not less than one-third (1/3) of the issued shares of that class. Every
holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy shall be entitled to one vote for every such share held by him.
Transfer
of Shares
Subject
to the Articles of Association, our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her the Company Ordinary Shares by an instrument of
transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the Stock Exchange or any other form approved by the board of directors.
The board may, in its absolute discretion, and without giving any reason therefor, decline to register any transfer of the Company Ordinary
Share which is not fully paid up to a person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees
upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists. The board may also decline to register any transfer of any share
unless a fee (not exceeding the maximum sum as the Stock Exchange may determine to be payable) determined by the board is paid to the
Company, the instrument of transfer is properly stamped (if required), it is in respect of only one class of share, the number of joint
holders to whom the share is to be transferred does not exceed four (in the case of a transfer to joint holders) and is lodged with the
Company accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as the board may reasonably require to show the
right of the transferor to make the transfer.
Liquidation
On
a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares), if the assets available
for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of
the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst the Company’s shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares
held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due,
of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If the Company’s assets available for distribution are insufficient
to repay all of the paid up share capital, the assets will be distributed so that, as nearly as possible, the losses are borne by the
Company’s shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up. Any distribution
of assets or capital to a holder of the Company Ordinary Share will be the same in any liquidation event.
Indemnification
of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman
Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers
and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such
as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The Articles of Association permit indemnification
of officers and directors from and against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, losses, damages and liabilities which they or any
of them, their or any of their personal representatives, incurred or sustained by them, other than by reason of their own dishonesty,
wilful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of the Company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of
judgment) or in the execution or discharge of their duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality
of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully
or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning the Company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling
our company under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions
Certain
provisions in the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and
may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider to be in its best interests, including
attempts that might result in a premium being paid over the market price for the Company Ordinary Shares. These provisions are also designed,
in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors.
Ordinary
Shares
The
authorized but unissued the Company Ordinary Shares will be available for future issuance by the board of directors on such terms as
our board of directors may determine, subject to the provisions of the Cayman Companies Act, the Articles of Association and the rules
of the Stock Exchange, where applicable, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing shares. These additional shares
may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions
and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued the Company Ordinary Shares could render more difficult or discourage
an attempt to obtain control over us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger, amalgamation, scheme of arrangement or otherwise.
Appointment
of Directors
Our
directors shall, be elected by the shareholders by way of any special resolution to either fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to
the existing directors. The board of directors shall have power at any time to appoint any person as a director, either to fill casual
vacancy or as an addition to the existing directors.
Any
director may in writing appoint another person to be such director’s alternate, with the alternate having the authority to act
in the director’s place at any meeting at which the appointing director is unable to be present. A director may, but is not required
to, appoint another director to be an alternate.
Removal
of Directors
A
director may be removed from office by special resolution of the Company before the expiration of his period of office. A director will
also cease to be a director if he or she (i) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with such director’s
creditors generally; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns the office of director by notice in writing
to the company; (iv) is removed from office pursuant to the Articles of Association; or (v) is prohibited, by any applicable
law or the rules of the Stock Exchange, from being a director.
Directors’
Fiduciary Duties
Under
Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties:
| ● | duty
to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests
of the company as a whole; |
| ● | duty
to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral
purpose; |
| ● | duty
not to improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; |
| ● | duty
to exercise powers fairly as between different sections of members; |
| ● | duty
not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the
company and their personal interests; and |
| ● | duty
to exercise independent judgment. |
In
addition to the above, directors and officers also owe a duty of care which is not fiduciary in nature. This duty has been defined as
a requirement to act as a reasonably diligent person having both the general knowledge, skill and experience that may reasonably be expected
of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and the general knowledge
skill and experience of that director.
Meetings
of Shareholders
As
a Cayman Islands exempted company, the Company is not obliged by law to call annual general meetings. According to the Articles of Association,
the Company may hold an annual general meeting of the Company every year.
Capitalization
of Profits and Reserves
Subject
to applicable law, the directors may resolve to capitalize all or any part of any amount standing to the credit of any reserve accounts
or funds (including a share premium account and capital redemption reserve and the profit and loss account) for distribution among the
shareholders or any class of shareholders who would be entitled thereto if it were distributed by way of dividend and in the proportion
to the nominal amount of shares held by such shareholders respectively, on the footing that the same is applied either in or towards
paying up the amounts for the time being unpaid on any shares in the Company held by such shareholders respectively or in paying up in
full unissued shares or debentures of a nominal amount equal to that sum, to be allotted and distributed credited as fully paid up among
such shareholders in those proportions, or partly in one way and partly in the other, provided that, for the purposes above, a share
premium account and any capital redemption reserve and profits which are not available for distribution, may be applied only in paying
up unissued shares of the Company to be allotted to such shareholders credited as fully paid.
Amendments
to Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company
The
Articles of Association may be altered or amended by the Company by special resolution. The Articles of Association state that a special
resolution shall be required to alter the provisions of the Memorandum of Association, to amend the Articles of Association or to change
the name of the Company.
Mergers
and Consolidations
the
Company may by a special resolution merge or consolidate with one or more constituent companies (as defined in the Cayman Companies Act),
upon such terms as our directors may determine subject to the Cayman Companies Act.
Transfer
Agent and Registrar
Continental
Stock Transfer & Trust Company is as the transfer agent and registrar for the Company Ordinary Shares.
Stock
Exchange Listing
The
Company is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SELX.”
Enforceability
of Civil Liability under Cayman Islands Law
The
Company has been advised by its Cayman Islands legal counsel that there is uncertainty as to whether courts of the Cayman Islands would
(i) recognize or enforce against it judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions
of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman
Islands against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States,
the courts of the Cayman Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a foreign judgment, without any re-examination or
re-litigation of matters adjudicated upon, based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the
judgment debtor an obligation to pay a liquidated sum for which judgment has been given, provided such judgment: (a) is given by
a foreign court of competent jurisdiction; (b) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the
judgment has been given; (c) is final and conclusive; (d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (e) was not
obtained in a manner, and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman
Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability
provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to
obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent
proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
Anti-Money Laundering
In
order to comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering, we are required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering
procedures and may require subscribers to provide evidence to verify their identity and source of funds. Where permitted, and subject
to certain conditions, we may also delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of
due diligence information) to a suitable person.
We
reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a subscriber. In some cases the directors may
be satisfied that no further information is required since an exemption applies under the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (Revised)
of the Cayman Islands, as amended and revised from time to time (the “Regulations”). Depending on the circumstances of each
application, a detailed verification of identity might not be required where:
| ● | the
subscriber makes the payment for their investment from an account held in the subscriber’s
name at a recognized financial institution; or |
| ● | the
subscriber is regulated by a recognized regulatory authority and is based or incorporated
in, or formed under the law of, a recognized jurisdiction; or |
| ● | the
application is made through an intermediary which is regulated by a recognized regulatory
authority and is based in or incorporated in, or formed under the law of a recognized jurisdiction
and an assurance is provided in relation to the procedures undertaken on the underlying investors. |
For
the purposes of these exceptions, recognition of a financial institution, regulatory authority, or jurisdiction will be determined in
accordance with the Regulations by reference to those jurisdictions recognized by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority as having equivalent
anti-money laundering regulations.
In
the event of delay or failure on the part of the subscriber in producing any information required for verification purposes, we may refuse
to accept the application, in which case any funds received will be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally
debited.
We
also reserve the right to refuse to make any redemption payment to a shareholder if our directors or officers suspect or are advised
that the payment of redemption proceeds to such shareholder might result in a breach of applicable anti-money laundering or other
laws or regulations by any person in any relevant jurisdiction, or if such refusal is considered necessary or appropriate to ensure our
compliance with any such laws or regulations in any applicable jurisdiction.
If
any person resident in the Cayman Islands knows or suspects or has reason for knowing or suspecting that another person is engaged in
criminal conduct or is involved with terrorism or terrorist property and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their
attention in the course of their business in the regulated sector, or other trade, profession, business or employment, the person will
be required to report such knowledge or suspicion to (i) a nominated officer (appointed in accordance with the Proceeds of Crime
Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority of the Cayman Islands, pursuant to the Proceeds of Crime Act
(Revised), if the disclosure relates to criminal conduct or money laundering or (ii) to a police constable or a nominated officer
(pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority, pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised),
if the disclosure relates to involvement with terrorism or terrorist financing and terrorist property. Such a report shall not be treated
as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.
Cayman
Islands Data Protection Regime — Privacy Notice
This
privacy notice explains the manner in which we collect, process, and maintain personal data about our investors pursuant to the Data
Protection Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time and any regulations, codes of practice, or orders promulgated
pursuant thereto (the “DPA”).
We
are committed to processing personal data in accordance with the DPA. In our use of personal data, we will be characterized under
the DPA as a “data controller,” whilst certain of our service providers, affiliates, and delegates may act as “data
processors” under the DPA. These service providers may process personal information for their own lawful purposes in connection
with services provided to us.
By
virtue of your investment in our Company, we and certain of our service providers may collect, record, store, transfer, and otherwise
process personal data by which individuals may be directly or indirectly identified.
Your
personal data will be processed fairly and for lawful purposes, including (a) where the processing is necessary for us to perform
a contract to which you are a party or for taking pre-contractual steps at your request, (b) where the processing is necessary
for compliance with any legal, tax, or regulatory obligation to which we are subject, or (c) where the processing is for the purposes
of legitimate interests pursued by us or by a service provider to whom the data are disclosed. As a data controller, we will only
use your personal data for the purposes for which we collected it. If we need to use your personal data for an unrelated purpose, we
will contact you.
We
anticipate that we will share your personal data with our service providers for the purposes set out in this privacy notice. We
may also share relevant personal data where it is lawful to do so and necessary to comply with our contractual obligations or your instructions
or where it is necessary or desirable to do so in connection with any regulatory reporting obligations. In exceptional circumstances,
we will share your personal data with regulatory, prosecuting, and other governmental agencies or departments, and parties to litigation
(whether pending or threatened), in any country or territory including to any other person where we have a public or legal duty to do
so (e.g. to assist with detecting and preventing fraud, tax evasion, and financial crime or compliance with a court order).
Your
personal data shall not be held by our Company for longer than necessary with regard to the purposes of the data processing.
We
will not sell your personal data. Any transfer of personal data outside of the Cayman Islands shall be in accordance with the requirements
of the DPA. Where necessary, we will ensure that separate and appropriate legal agreements are put in place with the recipient of
that data.
We
will only transfer personal data in accordance with the requirements of the DPA, and will apply appropriate technical and organizational
information security measures designed to protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of the personal data and against the accidental
loss, destruction, or damage to the personal data.
If
you are a natural person, this will affect you directly. If you are a corporate investor (including, for these purposes, legal arrangements
such as trusts or exempted limited partnerships) that provides us with personal data on individuals connected to you for any reason in
relation to your investment into our Company, this will be relevant for those individuals and you should inform such individuals of the
content.
You
have certain rights under the DPA, including (a) the right to be informed as to how we collect and use your personal data (and this
privacy notice fulfils our obligation in this respect), (b) the right to obtain a copy of your personal data, (c) the right
to require us to stop direct marketing, (d) the right to have inaccurate or incomplete personal data corrected, (e) the right
to withdraw your consent and require us to stop processing or restrict the processing, or not begin the processing of your personal data,
(f) the right to be notified of a data breach (unless the breach is unlikely to be prejudicial), (g) the right to obtain information
as to any countries or territories outside the Cayman Islands to which we, whether directly or indirectly, transfer, intend to transfer,
or wish to transfer your personal data, general measures we take to ensure the security of personal data, and any information available
to us as to the source of your personal data, (h) the right to complain to the Office of the Ombudsman of the Cayman Islands, and
(i) the right to require us to delete your personal data in some limited circumstances.
If
you consider that your personal data has not been handled correctly, or you are not satisfied with our responses to any requests you
have made regarding the use of your personal data, you have the right to complain to the Cayman Islands’ Ombudsman. The Ombudsman
can be contacted by calling +1 (345) 946-6283 or by email at info@ombudsman.ky.
6
Exhibit
8.1
SUBSIDIARIES
OF THE REGISTRANT
| Subsidiary |
|
Place
of Incorporation |
| Taiwan Color Optics, Inc. |
|
Taiwan |
| Semilux Ltd. |
|
Cayman Islands |
Exhibit
11.1
Semilux
International Ltd.
Code
of Business Conduct and Ethics
(Effective
as of February 5, 2024)
The
board of directors of Semilux International Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) has adopted
this Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (this “Code”) in order to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
| 1. | full,
fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company
files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”),
as well as in other public communications made by or on behalf of the Company; |
| 2. | compliance
with applicable laws, rules and regulations including; |
| 3. | the
prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code as set forth in this Code; |
| 4. | honest
and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest
between personal and professional relationships; and |
| 5. | ensure
accountability for adherence to the Code. |
This
Code applies to all directors, officers and employees (who, unless otherwise specified, will be referred to jointly as “employees”)
of the Company, as well as the Company’s contractors, consultants and agents.
This
Code is intended to serve as a guide, and the Company expects employees to use good judgment and adhere to the high ethical standards
to which the Company is committed.
For
purposes of this Code, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer serves as the Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer may designate
others, from time to time, to assist with the execution of his or her duties under this Code.
Employees
are expected to read the policies set forth in this Code and ensure that they understand and comply with them. The Compliance Officer
is responsible for applying these policies to specific situations in which questions may arise and has the authority to interpret these
policies in any particular situation. You should direct any questions about this Code or the appropriate course of conduct in a particular
situation to your manager, the Compliance Officer or Human Resources, who may consult with the Company’s outside legal counsel
or the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”), as appropriate.
You
should read this Code in conjunction with other policies applicable to employees.
| B. | FINANCIAL
REPORTS AND OTHER RECORDS –DISCLOSURE |
Employees
are responsible for the accurate and complete reporting of financial information within their respective areas and for the timely notification
to senior management of financial and non-financial information that may be material to the Company to ensure full, fair, accurate, timely
and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company files with government agencies or releases to the general public.
Each
employee involved in the Company’s disclosure process must familiarize themselves with the disclosure requirements applicable to
the Company and the business and financial operations of the Company, and must not knowingly misrepresent, or cause others to misrepresent,
facts about the Company to others, whether within or outside the Company, including to the Company’s independent auditors, governmental
regulators and self-regulatory organizations.
Employees
must maintain all of the Company’s books, records, accounts and financial statements in reasonable detail, and reflect the matters
to which they relate accurately, fairly and completely. Furthermore, employees must ensure that all books, records, accounts and financial
statements conform both to applicable legal requirements and to the Company’s system of internal controls. Employees must carefully
and properly account for all assets of the Company. Employees may not establish any undisclosed or unrecorded account or fund for any
purpose. Employees shall not make any false or misleading entries in the Company’s books or records for any reason, or disburse
any corporate funds or other corporate property without adequate supporting documentation and authorization. Employees shall not misclassify
transactions related to accounts, business units or accounting periods. Each employee bears responsibility for ensuring that they are
not party to a false or misleading accounting entry.
You
must act and behave in the Company’s best interests and not based on personal relationships or benefits. You should avoid situations
where your personal activities and relationships conflict, or appear to conflict, with the Company’s interests. Examples of conflicts
of interest may include but are not limited to the following: transactions with family members, interests in other businesses, gifts
or gratuities and personal use of Company assets.
Evaluating
whether a conflict of interest exists can be difficult and may involve a number of considerations. Employees should seek guidance from
their manager, the Compliance Officer or Human Resources when they have any questions or concerns about the existence of a potential
conflict of interest.
If
an employee is aware of an actual or potential conflict of interest where their interests may conflict with the Company’s interests,
or is concerned that a conflict might develop, they should discuss with their manager, the Compliance Officer or Human Resources and
then obtain approval from the Compliance Officer before engaging in that activity or accepting something of value.
| D. | CORPORATE
OPPORTUNITIES |
Except
as otherwise set forth in the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, employees owe a duty to the Company to advance
the Company’s business interests when the opportunity to do so arises. Employees are prohibited from taking or directing to a third
party to take, a business opportunity that is discovered through the use of corporate property, information or position, unless the Company
has already been offered the opportunity and turned it down. Employees are further prohibited from competing with the Company directly
or indirectly during the course of their employment with the Company and as otherwise provided in any written agreement with the Company.
Sometimes
the line between personal and Company benefits is difficult to draw, and sometimes there are both personal and Company benefits in certain
activities. Employees should discuss with their manager, the Compliance Officer or Human Resources if they have any questions or concerns
about any such activities.
| E. | PROTECTION
OF ASSETS, CONFIDENTIALITY AND COMMUNICATIONS |
All
employees should endeavor to protect the Company’s assets and ensure their efficient use. Any suspected incident of fraud or theft
should be reported immediately to the employee’s manager or the Compliance Officer for investigation.
In
carrying out the Company’s business, employees may learn confidential or proprietary information about the Company, its customers,
suppliers or business partners. Confidential or proprietary information of the Company, and of other companies, includes any non-public
information that would be harmful to the relevant company or useful to competitors if disclosed.
Employees
must maintain the confidentiality of information about the Company and other companies entrusted to them by the Company, use the information
only for permissible business purposes and in accordance with any restrictions imposed by the disclosing party, and limit dissemination
of the confidential information, both inside and outside the Company, to people who need to know the information for business purposes
and who are bound by similar obligations of confidentiality, unless disclosure is authorized or legally mandated.
The
obligation to protect confidential information does not end when an employee leaves the Company. Any questions about whether information
is confidential should be directed to the Compliance Officer.
Any
employee who is contacted by a member of the financial community, the press or any other outside organization or individual, should refer
them to the Chief Financial Officer. Any questions on overall business trends, business in different geographies, pricing, suppliers,
new products or technologies, lawsuits or disputes or any other aspects of the Company’s business should be referred to the Chief
Financial Officer.
The
Company does not seek competitive advantages through illegal or unethical business practices. Each employee should endeavor to deal fairly
with the Company’s customers, service providers, suppliers, agents, franchisees, competitors, business partners and employees.
No employee should take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation
of material facts or any unfair dealing practice. or engage in business dealings with the customers, service providers, suppliers, agents,
franchisees, competitors and business partners that have been engaged in illegal or unethical business practices. Unless approved by
the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, agreements to be entered into with the customers, service providers, suppliers,
agents, franchisees, competitors and business partners shall contain (i) the provisions that the Company will be entitled to revoke or
terminate the agreements with an immediate effect should the Company discover or become aware of any illegal or unethical business practices
taken by the counterpart or directors, officers or employees of the counterparty; and (ii) clear and reasonable payment terms, including
without limitation the place and method of the payment and applicable tax rules.
| G. | COMPLIANCE
WITH LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS |
All
employees must respect and obey all laws when carrying out responsibilities on behalf of the Company and refrain from illegal conduct.
Employees
have an obligation to be knowledgeable about specific laws, rules and regulations that apply to their areas of responsibility. If a law
conflicts with a policy in this Code, employees must comply with the law.
Any
questions as to the applicability of any law should be directed to the Compliance Officer. The following is a brief summary of certain
topics about which employees should be aware:
| 1. | Antitrust.
Antitrust laws (or, as they are known in most of the world, “competition” laws)
are designed to foster competitive markets and prohibit activities that unreasonably restrain
trade. In general, actions taken in combination with another company that unreasonably reduce
competition may violate antitrust laws. Certain types of agreements with competitors (including,
but not limited to, agreements on prices and output) are always illegal and may result in
criminal penalties such as prison terms for the individuals involved and large fines for
the corporations involved. In addition, unilateral actions by a company with market power
in the sale or purchase of a particular good or service may violate antitrust laws if those
actions unfairly exclude competition. As a result of the numerous antitrust laws and enforcement
regimes in various jurisdictions inside and outside the United States, at times it is possible
that certain actions may simultaneously violate some jurisdictions’ antitrust laws
while not violating other jurisdictions’ antitrust laws. |
The
Company is dedicated to complying with the numerous laws that govern competition. Any activity that undermines this commitment is unacceptable.
The laws governing this area are complex, and employees should reach out to the Compliance Officer before taking any action that may
implicate these laws whenever appropriate.
| 2. | Health,
Safety and Environment. The Company works to conduct its business activities and operations
in a manner that promotes protection of people and the environment to the extent practicable.
Employees are responsible for complying with all applicable laws, rules and regulations governing
health, safety and the environment. |
| 3. | Fair
Employment Practices. The Company strives to maintain a work environment in which all
individuals are treated with respect and dignity. Every individual has the right to work
in a professional atmosphere that promotes equal employment opportunities and where discriminatory
practices, including harassment, are prohibited. |
The
Company requires each employee to treat all colleagues in a respectful manner and to forge working relationships that are uniformly free
of bias, prejudice and harassment. The Company prohibits discrimination against or harassment of any team member on the basis of race,
religion or religious creed (including religious dress and grooming practices), color, ethnic or national origin, sex (including pregnancy,
childbirth, breastfeeding or related medical conditions), nationality, national origin, ancestry, immigration status or citizenship,
age, physical or mental disability, medical condition (including genetic information or characteristics, or those of a family member),
military service or veteran status, marital status or family care status, sexual orientation, family medical leave, gender (including
gender identity, gender expression, transgender status or sexual stereotypes), political views or activity, status as a victim of domestic
violence, sexual assault or stalking, or any other basis or classification protected by applicable federal, state or local law. Any employee
who is found to have discriminated against another employee is subject to discipline up to and including termination.
No
individual will suffer any reprisals or retaliation for making complaints or reporting any incidents of discrimination or perceived discrimination,
or for participating in any investigation of incidents of discrimination or perceived discrimination.
| 4. | Foreign
Corrupt Practices and Anti-Bribery Laws. The Company has a “zero tolerance”
policy and strictly prohibits all forms of bribery and corruption, regardless of whether
they involve a public official or a private person. Bribery and corruption are antithetical
to the Company’s commitment to operating with the utmost integrity and transparency
and are also prohibited under the laws of most countries around the world, including pursuant
to laws such as the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and the United Kingdom
Bribery Act of 2010. Additionally, no form of facilitating payments shall be made, offered
or promised by the Company or any employees of the Company. Employees should seek guidance
from the Compliance Officer when they have any questions. |
| 5. | Insider
Trading. Under federal and state securities laws, it is illegal to trade in the securities
of a company while in possession of material non-public information about that company. Because
employees will have knowledge of specific confidential information that is not disclosed
outside the Company, which will constitute material nonpublic information, trading in the
Company’s securities or in the securities of those companies with which the Company
does business by employees or persons employees provide material nonpublic information to,
could constitute insider trading in violation of applicable law. It is an employee’s
responsibility to comply with these laws and not to share material nonpublic information. |
| 6. | Relationship
Policy. Conflicts of interest can arise based on the activities of third parties’
personal relationships (e.g., domestic partners, dating relationships, etc.). An actual or
potential conflict of interest occurs when an individual is in a position to influence a
decision that may result in a personal gain for that individual as a result of business dealings
with the Company (e.g., a personal relationship with a subordinate employee or vendor). In
addition, personal or romantic involvement with a competitor, supplier or subordinate employee
of the Company creates an actual or potential conflict of interest. |
An
employee that is involved in any of the types of relationships or situations described in this policy should immediately and fully disclose
the relevant circumstances to their manager or Human Resources for guidance about whether a potential or actual conflict exists. When
necessary, the Company will take appropriate action according to the circumstances. In cases where there is an actual or potential conflict
because of the relationship between employees or others engaged in business dealings with the Company, even if there is no line of authority
or reporting involved, the individual(s) may, at the Company’s sole discretion, be separated by reassignment or terminated from
employment. Failure to comply with this policy may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination.
| 7. | Policy
Concerning Employment of Relatives. The Company may hire relatives of employees where
there are no potential problems of supervision, morale or potential conflicts of interest.
Employees who marry or become related will be permitted to continue to work as long as there
are no substantial conflicts. Reasonable accommodations will be made when possible in the
event a conflict arises. For the purpose of this policy, a relative is any person who is
related by blood or marriage or whose relationship with the employee is similar to that of
persons who are related by blood or marriage. An employee should immediately and fully disclose
the relevant circumstances to Human Resources for guidance about whether a potential or actual
conflict exists. |
| 8. | Anti-Money
Laundering. The Company is committed to complying fully with all anti-money laundering
laws. Money laundering generally involves conducting a transaction to conceal the illegal
origins of funds or to facilitate illegal activity. The Company aims to conduct business
only with reputable customers involved in legitimate business activities using funds derived
from legitimate sources. Employees should avoid engaging in any transaction that is structured
in any way that could be viewed as concealing illegal conduct or the tainted nature of the
proceeds or assets at issue in the transaction. |
| 9. | Economic
Sanctions Compliance and Export Controls. The Company requires compliance with laws and
regulations governing international trade in the countries where the Company conducts its
business. Many countries maintain controls on the export of hardware, software and technology,
as well as sanctions against countries and certain identified individuals or entities that
these governments consider a threat to global peace and security. These controls include: |
| a. | restrictions
on the export and reexport of products, services, software, information or technology that
can occur via physical shipments, carrying by hand, electronic transmissions (e.g., emails,
distribution of source code and software) and verbal communications; |
| b. | sanctions
and embargoes that restrict activities including exports, monetary payments, travel and the
provision of services to certain individuals and entities (including individuals and entities
included in, and owned or controlled by an individual or entity included in, the List of
Specially Designated Nationals & Blocked Persons, the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications
(SSI) List or Foreign Sanctions Evaders List maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control
of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or any other applicable list of sanctioned, embargoed,
blocked, criminal or debarred persons maintained by any U.S. or non-U.S. government, the
European Union, Interpol, the United Nations, the World Bank or any other public international
organization relevant to Company business), and certain countries; |
| c. | restrictions
on cooperating with international boycotts (i.e., laws that prohibit business activity with
a country, its nationals or targeted companies) that are not approved under local law; and |
| d. | imports
of products that are subject to the importing country’s customs laws and regulations,
which apply regardless of the mode of transportation, including courier shipments and carrying
by hand. |
Employees
must comply with all applicable trade controls and must not cause the Company to be in violation of those laws. If an employee becomes
aware of any information suggesting that the Company has or may in the future engage in a transaction that could violate applicable economic
sanctions, they should report this information to the Compliance Officer immediately. In addition, please consult the Compliance Officer
in relation to any proposed export of Company products or services.
| 10. | Keeping
the Audit Committee Informed. The Audit Committee plays an important role in ensuring
the integrity of the Company’s public reports. If an employee believes that questionable
accounting or auditing conduct or practices have occurred or are occurring, they should notify
the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. In particular, any employee should promptly
bring to the attention of the Audit Committee any information of which they may become aware
concerning: |
| a. | the
accuracy of material disclosures made by the Company in its public filings; |
| b. | material
weaknesses or significant deficiencies in internal controls over financial reporting; |
| c. | any
evidence of fraud that involves an employee who has a significant role in the Company’s
financial reporting, disclosures or internal controls or procedures; or |
| d. | any
evidence of a material violation of the policies in this Code regarding financial reporting. |
| 11. | Maintaining
and Managing Records. The Company is required by local, state, federal, foreign and other
applicable laws, rules and regulations to retain certain records and to follow specific guidelines
in managing its records. Records include all recorded information, regardless of medium or
characteristics. Civil and criminal penalties for failure to comply with such guidelines
can be severe for employees, agents, contractors and the Company. |
Additionally,
please note that all Company issued devices, computers, hardware, cell phones, media, documents, records and information are the property
of the Company. As such, the Company requires employees to cooperate with any request made by the Compliance Officer to preserve or produce
any documents, records, information, devices, computers, hardware, cell phones or other media. Employees should consult with the Compliance
Officer regarding the retention of records in the case of an actual or threatened litigation or government investigation. The Compliance
Officer will notify employees if a legal hold is placed on records for which employees are responsible. A legal hold suspends all document
destruction procedures in order to preserve appropriate records under special circumstances, such as litigation or government investigations.
The Compliance Officer determines and identifies what types of records or documents are required to be placed under a legal hold. If
a legal hold is placed on records for which employees are responsible, employees must preserve and protect the necessary records in accordance
with instructions from the Compliance Officer. Records or supporting documents that are subject to a legal hold must not be destroyed,
altered or modified under any circumstance. A legal hold remains effective until it is officially released in writing by the Compliance
Officer. If an employee is unsure whether a document has been placed under a legal hold, they should preserve and protect that document
while they check with the Compliance Officer.
| 12. | Political
Activities. The Company does not make contributions to political candidates or political
parties except as permitted by applicable laws. Employees engaging in political activity
will do so as private citizens and not as representatives of the Company. An employee’s
personal lawful political contribution, or decision not to make a contribution, will not
influence the employee’s compensation, job security or opportunities for advancement. |
| 13. | Prevention
of Products or Service from Damaging Consumers. The Company will collect and familiarize
itself with the relevant laws and regulations as well as international standards that the
Company shall comply with in the provision of its products and services and make necessary
announcements and internal training. The Company and its employees will ensure the information
transparency and product safety in the course of research, development, procurement, manufacturing,
sales and provision of the Company’s products and services. The Company will endeavor
to protect the rights and interests of consumers and to prevent its products and services
from directly or indirectly damaging the rights, health and safety of consumers or others. |
If,
according to media reports or other known facts, it is reasonably believed that the Company’s products and services may cause harm
to the safety and health of consumers or others, the Company shall forthwith cause the responsible departments to perform necessary investigation
and verification, and, if verified, recall or suspend the affected products or services in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations,
and propose an improvement plan. The Compliance Officer shall summarize the case information, corrective measures and improvement plan
and brief to the Board.
| H. | COMPLIANCE
AND REPORTING |
| 1. | Seeking
Guidance. Employees are encouraged to seek guidance from their manager, the Compliance
Officer or Human Resources when in doubt about the best course of action to take in a particular
situation. In most instances, questions regarding this Code should be brought to the attention
of the Compliance Officer. |
| 2. | Reporting
Violations. If an employee knows of or suspects a violation of this Code, or of applicable
laws and regulations (including complaints or concerns about accounting, internal accounting
controls or auditing matters), or an employee has concerns about a situation that they believe
does not reflect the Company’s culture and values, the employee must report it immediately
to their manager, the Compliance Officer or Human Resources. An employee may also report
concerns anonymously to the Whistleblowing and Grievance Channel. |
All
reports will be kept confidential, to the extent practical, except where disclosure is required to investigate a report or mandated by
law. The Company does not permit reprisals or retaliation of any kind for good faith reports of violations or possible violations.
| 3. | Investigations.
Reported violations will be promptly and thoroughly investigated. As a general matter, the
Board will oversee investigations of potential violations by directors or executive officers,
and the Compliance Officer will oversee investigations of potential violations by other employees.
However, it is imperative that the person reporting the violation not conduct an investigation
on their own. Employees are expected to cooperate fully with any appropriately authorized
investigation, whether internal or external, into reported violations. Employees should never
withhold, tamper with or fail to communicate relevant information in connection with an appropriately
authorized investigation. |
In
addition, employees are expected to maintain and safeguard the confidentiality of an investigation to the extent possible, except as
otherwise provided below or by applicable law. Making false statements to or otherwise misleading internal or external auditors, investigators,
legal counsel, Company representatives, regulators or other governmental entities may be grounds for immediate termination of employment
or other relationship with the Company and also be a criminal act that can result in severe penalties.
| 4. | Sanctions.
Employees who violate this Code may be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including
termination of employment. Moreover, employees who direct or approve of any conduct in violation
of this Code, or who have knowledge of such conduct but do not immediately report it may
also be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. A
director who violates this Code or directs or approves conduct in violation of this Code
shall be subject to action as determined by the Board. |
Furthermore,
violations of some provisions of this Code are illegal and may subject employees to civil and criminal liability.
| 5. | Disclosure.
Nothing in this Code limits or prohibits employees from engaging for a lawful purpose in
any “Protected Activity.” “Protected Activity” means filing a charge
or complaint, or otherwise communicating, cooperating or participating, with any state, federal
or other governmental agency, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission and the National Labor Relations Board. Notwithstanding
any other policies in this Code (or elsewhere), employees are not required to obtain authorization
from the Company prior to disclosing information to, or communicating with, such agencies,
nor are employees obligated to advise the Company as to any such disclosures or communications.
Notwithstanding, in making any such disclosures or communications, employees must take all
reasonable precautions to prevent any unauthorized use or disclosure of any information that
may constitute Company confidential information to any parties other than the relevant government
agencies. “Protected Activity” does not include the disclosure of any Company
attorney-client privileged communications; any such disclosure, without the Company’s
written consent, violates Company policy. |
Any
amendment or waiver of any provision of this Code must be approved in writing by the Board or, if appropriate, its delegate(s), and promptly
disclosed pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. Any waiver or modification of this Code for the principal executive officer, principal
financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, or any other persons performing similar functions in the Company will be
promptly disclosed to stockholders if and as required by applicable law or the rules of the stock exchange on which the securities of
the Company are listed.
The
Company reserves the right to amend this Code at any time, for any reason, subject to applicable laws, rules and regulations.
All
new employees must sign an acknowledgment form confirming that they have read this Code and that they understand and agree to comply
with its provisions. Signed acknowledgment forms will be kept in employee personnel files. Failure to read this Code or to sign an acknowledgment
form does not excuse any person from the terms of this Code.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
OF RECEIPT AND REVIEW
To
be signed and returned to the Chief Compliance Officer.
I,
_______________________, acknowledge that I have received and read a copy of the Semilux International Ltd. Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics. I understand the contents of the Code and I agree to comply with the policies and procedures set out in the Code.
I
understand that I should approach the Chief Compliance Officer if I have any questions about the Code generally or any questions about
reporting a suspected conflict of interest or other violation of the Code.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
[NAME] |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
[PRINTED NAME] |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
[DATE]] |
9
Exhibit 12.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Yung-Peng Chang, certify that:
| 1. | I
have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Semilux International Ltd. (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
by this report; |
| 3. | Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The
Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed
such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated
the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed
in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by
the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The
Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the
equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 15, 2024 |
|
| |
|
| /s/ Yung-Peng Chang |
|
| Yung-Peng Chang |
|
| Chief Executive Officer |
|
Exhibit 12.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu, certify that:
| 1. | I
have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Semilux International Ltd. (the “Company”); |
| 2. | Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
by this report; |
| 3. | Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The
Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
| (a) | Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| (b) | Designed
such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| (c) | Evaluated
the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| (d) | Disclosed
in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by
the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The
Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the
equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| (b) | Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. |
| Date: May 15, 2024 |
|
| |
|
| /s/ Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu |
|
| Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu |
|
| Chief Financial Officer |
|
Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002
The undersigned, as the Chief Executive Officer
of Semilux International Ltd. certifies that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023, which accompanies this certification, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable,
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the information contained in the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Semilux International
Ltd. at the dates and for the periods indicated. The foregoing certification is made pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350) and shall not be relied upon for any other purpose. The undersigned expressly disclaims any obligation
to update the foregoing certification except as required by law.
| Date: May 15, 2024 |
|
| |
|
| /s/ Yung-Peng Chang |
|
| Yung-Peng Chang |
|
| Chief Executive Officer |
|
| (principal executive officer) |
|
Exhibit 13.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002
The undersigned, as the Chief Financial Officer
of Semilux International Ltd. certifies that, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023, which accompanies this certification, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable,
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the information contained in the annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2023 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Semilux International
Ltd. at the dates and for the periods indicated. The foregoing certification is made pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350) and shall not be relied upon for any other purpose. The undersigned expressly disclaims any obligation
to update the foregoing certification except as required by law.
| Date: May 15, 2024 |
|
| |
|
| /s/ Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu |
|
| Tina Hsiu-Chen Hsu |
|
| Chief Financial Officer |
|
| (principal executive officer) |
|
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the use in this Registration
Statement on Form 20-F of our report dated May 15, 2024, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Semilux International Ltd..We
also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Enrome LLP
Singapore
May 15, 2024
| Enrome LLP |
143 Cecil Street #19-03/04
GB Building Singapore 069542 |
admin@enrome-group.com
www.enrome-group.com |
Exhibit
97.1
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD.
COMPENSATION
RECOVERY POLICY
Effective
February 16, 2024
This
policy of Semilux International Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability (the “Company”) outlines
the Company’s Covered Officers (as defined herein) and explains when the Company will be required or authorized, as applicable,
to seek recovery of Incentive Compensation (as defined herein) awarded or paid to Covered Officers (the “Policy”).
Please refer to Exhibit A attached hereto (the “Definitions Exhibit”) for the definitions of capitalized
terms used throughout this Policy.
| 1. | Miscalculation
of Financial Performance Measure Results. In the event of a Restatement, the Company
will seek to recover, reasonably promptly, all Recoverable Incentive Compensation from a
Covered Officer during the Applicable Period. Such recovery, in the case of a Restatement,
will be made without regard to any individual knowledge or responsibility related to the
Restatement or the Recoverable Incentive Compensation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if
the Company is required to undertake a Restatement, the Company will not be required to recover
the Recoverable Incentive Compensation if the Compensation Committee determines it Impracticable
to do so, after exercising a normal due process review of all the relevant facts and circumstances. |
the
Company will seek to recover all Recoverable Incentive Compensation that was awarded or paid in accordance with the definition of “Recoverable
Incentive Compensation” set forth on the Definitions Exhibit. If such Recoverable Incentive Compensation was not awarded or paid
on a formulaic basis, the Company will seek to recover the amount that the Compensation Committee determines in good faith should be
recouped.
| 2. | Legal
and Compliance Violations. Compliance with the law and the Company’s Standards
of Business Conduct and other corporate policies is a pre-condition to earning Incentive
Compensation. If the Company in its sole discretion concludes that a Covered Officer (1)
committed a significant legal or compliance violation in connection with the Covered Officer’s
employment, including a violation of the Company’s corporate policies or the Company’s
Standards of Business Conduct (each, “Misconduct”), or (2) was aware of
or willfully blind to Misconduct that occurred in an area over which the Covered Officer
had supervisory authority, the Company may, at the direction of the Compensation Committee,
seek recovery of all or a portion of the Recoverable Incentive Compensation awarded or paid
to the Covered Officer for the Applicable Period in which the violation occurred. In addition,
the Company may, at the direction of the Compensation Committee, conclude that any unpaid
or unvested Incentive Compensation has not been earned and must be forfeited. |
In
the event of Misconduct, the Company may seek recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation even if the Misconduct did not result in
an award or payment greater than would have been awarded or paid absent the Misconduct.
In
the event of Misconduct, in determining whether to seek recovery and the amount, if any, by which the payment or award should be reduced,
the Compensation Committee may consider—among other things— the seriousness of the Misconduct, whether the Covered Officer
was unjustly enriched, whether seeking the recovery would prejudice the Company’s interests in any way, including in a proceeding
or investigation, and any other factors it deems relevant to the determination.
| 3. | Other
Actions. The Compensation Committee may, subject to applicable law, seek recovery in
the manner it chooses, including by seeking reimbursement from the Covered Officer of all
or part of the compensation awarded or paid, by electing to withhold unpaid compensation,
by set-off, or by rescinding or canceling unvested stock. |
In
the reasonable exercise of its business judgment under this Policy, the Compensation Committee may in its sole discretion determine whether
and to what extent additional action is appropriate to address the circumstances surrounding a Restatement or Misconduct to minimize
the likelihood of any recurrence and to impose such other discipline as it deems appropriate.
| 4. | No
Indemnification or Reimbursement. Notwithstanding the terms of any other policy, program,
agreement or arrangement, in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates indemnify
or reimburse a Covered Officer for any loss under this Policy and in no event will the Company
or any of its affiliates pay premiums on any insurance policy that would cover a Covered
Officer’s potential obligations with respect to Recoverable Incentive Compensation
under this Policy. |
| 5. | Administration
of Policy. The Compensation Committee will have full authority to administer this Policy.
Actions of the Compensation Committee pursuant to this Policy will be taken by the vote of
a majority of its members. The Compensation Committee will, subject to the provisions of
this Policy and Rule 10D-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), and the Company’s applicable exchange listing standards, make such
determinations and interpretations and take such actions in connection with this Policy as
it deems necessary, appropriate or advisable. All determinations and interpretations made
by the Compensation Committee will be final, binding and conclusive. |
| 6. | Other
Claims and Rights. The remedies under this Policy are in addition to, and not in lieu
of, any legal and equitable claims the Company or any of its affiliates may have or any actions
that may be imposed by law enforcement agencies, regulators, administrative bodies, or other
authorities. Further, the exercise by the Compensation Committee of any rights pursuant to
this Policy will not impact any other rights that the Company or any of its affiliates may
have with respect to any Covered Officer subject to this Policy. |
| 7. | Condition
to Eligibility for Incentive Compensation. All Incentive Compensation subject to this
Policy will not be earned, even if already paid, until the Policy ceases to apply to such
Incentive Compensation and any other vesting conditions applicable to such Incentive Compensation
are satisfied. |
| 8. | Amendment;
Termination. The Board or the Compensation Committee may amend or terminate this Policy
at any time. |
| 9. | Effectiveness.
Except as otherwise determined in writing by the Compensation Committee, this Policy will
apply to any Incentive Compensation that (a) in the case of any Restatement, is Received
by Covered Officers prior to, on or following the Effective Date, and (b) in the case of
Misconduct, is awarded or paid to a Covered Officer on or after the Effective Date. This
Policy will survive and continue notwithstanding any termination of a Covered Officer’s
employment with the Company and its affiliates. |
| 10. | Successors.
This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Officers and their successors,
beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives. |
| 11. | Governing
Law. To the extent not preempted by U.S. federal law, this Policy will be governed by
and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without reference to
principles of conflict of laws. |
EXHIBIT
A
Definitions
Pertaining to
The
Executive Compensation Recovery Policy
of
Semilux International Ltd.
“Applicable
Period” means (a) in the case of any Restatement, the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the
earlier of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action
if Board action is not required, concludes (or reasonably should have concluded) that a Restatement is required or (ii) the date a regulator,
court or other legally authorized entity directs the Company to undertake a Restatement, and (b) in the case of any Misconduct, such
period as the Compensation Committee or Board determines to be appropriate in light of the scope and nature of the Misconduct. The “Applicable
Period” also includes any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately
following the three completed fiscal years identified in the preceding sentence.
“Board”
means the Board of Directors of the Company.
“Compensation
Committee” means the Company’s committee of independent directors responsible for executive compensation decisions, or
in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board.
“Covered
Officer” means (a) in the case of any Restatement, any person who is, or was at any time, during the Applicable Period, an
Executive Officer of the Company, and (b) in the case of any Misconduct, any person who was an Executive Officer at the time of the Misconduct.
For the avoidance of doubt, a Covered Officer may include a former Executive Officer that left the Company, retired, or transitioned
to an employee role (including after serving as an Executive Officer in an interim capacity) during the Applicable Period.
“Effective
Date” means February 16, 2024.
“Executive
Officer” means the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no
such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales,
administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person (including an officer of the
Company’s parent(s) or subsidiaries) who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company.
“Financial
Performance Measure” means a measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in
preparing the Company’s financial statements (including “non-GAAP” financial measures, such as those appearing in the
Company’s earnings releases or Management Discussion and Analysis), and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such
measure. Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures derived wholly or in part therefrom) shall be considered Financial
Performance Measures.
“Impracticable.”
The Compensation Committee may determine in good faith that recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation is “Impracticable”
(a) in the case of any Restatement, if: (i) pursuing such recovery would violate the law of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the
Company where that law was adopted prior to October 2, 2023 and the Company provides an opinion of counsel to that effect acceptable
to the Company’s listing exchange; (ii) the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed
the Recoverable Incentive Compensation and the Company has (A) made a reasonable attempt to recover such amounts and (B) provided documentation
of such attempts to recover to the Company’s applicable listing exchange; or (iii) recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified
retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and (b) in the case of any Misconduct, in its sole discretion, in light of the scope and nature of
the Misconduct.
“Incentive Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or
in part upon the attainment of a Financial Performance Measure. Incentive Compensation does not include any base salaries (except with
respect to any salary increases earned wholly or in part based on the attainment of a Financial Performance Measure performance goal);
bonuses paid solely at the discretion of the Compensation Committee or Board that are not paid from a “bonus pool” that is
determined by satisfying a Financial Performance Measure performance goal; bonuses paid solely upon satisfying one or more subjective
standards and/or completion of a specified employment period; non-equity incentive plan awards earned solely upon satisfying one or more
strategic measures or operational measures; and equity awards that vest solely based on the passage of time and/or attaining one or more
non-Financial Performance Measures. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of any Misconduct, Incentive Compensation will include
all forms of cash and equity incentive compensation, including, without limitation, cash bonuses and equity awards that are received
or vest solely based on the passage of time and/or attaining one or more non-Financial Performance Measures.
“Received.”
Incentive Compensation is deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Performance Measure
specified in the Incentive Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive Compensation occurs after the
end of that period.
“Recoverable
Incentive Compensation” means (a) in the case of any Restatement, the amount of any Incentive Compensation (calculated on a
pre-tax basis) Received by a Covered Officer during the Applicable Period that is in excess of the amount that otherwise would have been
Received if the calculation were based on the Restatement, and (b) in the case of any Misconduct, the amount of any Incentive Compensation
(calculated on a pre-tax basis) awarded or paid to a Covered Officer during the Applicable Period that the Compensation Committee determines,
in its sole discretion, to be appropriate in light of the scope and nature of the Misconduct. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case
of any Restatement, Recoverable Incentive Compensation does not include any Incentive Compensation Received by a person (i) before such
person began service as a Covered Officer and (ii) who did not serve as a Covered Officer at any time during the performance period for
that Incentive Compensation. For the avoidance of doubt, in the case of any Restatement, Recoverable Incentive Compensation may include
Incentive Compensation Received by a person while serving as an employee if such person previously served as a Covered Officer and then
transitioned to an employee role. For Incentive Compensation based on (or derived from) stock price or total shareholder return where
the amount of Recoverable Incentive Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable
Restatement, the amount will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Restatement
on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive Compensation was Received (in which case, the Company will maintain
documentation of such determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Company’s applicable listing
exchange).
“Restatement”
means an accounting restatement of any of the Company’s financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
under the Exchange Act, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial
reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws, regardless of whether the Company or Covered Officer misconduct was the cause for such
restatement. “Restatement” includes any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial
statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (commonly referred to as “Big R” restatements),
or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current
period (commonly referred to as “little r” restatements).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I
acknowledge that I have received and read the Compensation Recovery Policy (the “Policy”) of Semilux International
Ltd. (the “Company”).
I
understand and acknowledge that the Policy applies to me, and all of my beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal
representatives and that the Company’s right to recovery in order to comply with applicable law will apply, regardless of the terms
of any release of claims or separation agreement I have signed or will sign in the future.
I
agree to be bound by and to comply with the Policy and understand that determinations of the Committee (as such term is used in the Policy)
will be final and binding and will be given the maximum deference permitted by law.
I
understand and agree that my current indemnification rights, whether in an individual agreement or the Company’s organizational
documents, exclude the right to be indemnified for amounts required to be recovered under the Policy.
I
understand that my failure to comply in all respects with the Policy is a basis for termination of my employment with the Company and
any affiliate of the Company, as well as any other appropriate discipline.
I
understand that neither the Policy, nor the application of the Policy to me, gives rise to a resignation for good reason (or similar
concept) by me under any applicable employment agreement or arrangement.
I
acknowledge that if I have questions concerning the meaning or application of the Policy, it is my responsibility to seek guidance from
the Company’s legal department or my own personal advisers.
I
acknowledge that neither this Acknowledgement nor the Policy is meant to constitute an employment contract.
Please
review, sign, and return this form to the Company.
| [*],
2024 |
|
| |
|
| (print
name and title) |
|
| |
|
| (signature) |
|
v3.24.1.1.u2
Document And Entity Information - shares
|
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Apr. 30, 2024 |
| Document Information Line Items |
|
|
| Entity Registrant Name |
Semilux International Ltd.
|
|
| Trading Symbol |
SELX
|
|
| Document Type |
20-F
|
|
| Current Fiscal Year End Date |
--12-31
|
|
| Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding |
|
37,428,354
|
| Amendment Flag |
false
|
|
| Entity Central Index Key |
0001990950
|
|
| Entity Current Reporting Status |
Yes
|
|
| Entity Voluntary Filers |
No
|
|
| Entity Filer Category |
Non-accelerated Filer
|
|
| Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer |
No
|
|
| Document Period End Date |
Dec. 31, 2023
|
|
| Document Fiscal Year Focus |
2023
|
|
| Document Fiscal Period Focus |
FY
|
|
| Entity Emerging Growth Company |
true
|
|
| Entity Shell Company |
false
|
|
| Entity Ex Transition Period |
false
|
|
| ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag |
false
|
|
| Document Registration Statement |
false
|
|
| Document Annual Report |
true
|
|
| Document Transition Report |
false
|
|
| Document Shell Company Report |
false
|
|
| Entity File Number |
001-41965
|
|
| Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code |
E9
|
|
| Entity Address, Address Line One |
4F., No. 32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist.
|
|
| Entity Address, Address Line Two |
Central Taiwan Science Park
|
|
| Entity Address, City or Town |
Taichung City
|
|
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code |
42881
|
|
| Entity Address, Country |
TW
|
|
| Title of 12(b) Security |
Ordinary shares, par value of $0.0001 per share
|
|
| Security Exchange Name |
NASDAQ
|
|
| Entity Interactive Data Current |
Yes
|
|
| Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] |
false
|
|
| Document Accounting Standard |
U.S. GAAP
|
|
| Auditor Firm ID |
6907
|
|
| Auditor Name |
Enrome LLP
|
|
| Auditor Location |
Singapore
|
|
| Business Contact |
|
|
| Document Information Line Items |
|
|
| Entity Address, Address Line One |
4F., No. 32, Keya Rd., Daya Dist.
|
|
| Entity Address, Address Line Two |
Central Taiwan Science Park
|
|
| Entity Address, City or Town |
Taichung City
|
|
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code |
42881
|
|
| Entity Address, Country |
TW
|
|
| Contact Personnel Name |
Yung-Peng Chang
|
|
| City Area Code |
+886
|
|
| Local Phone Number |
04 2567 3281
|
|
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Balance Sheets
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
| Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ 202,465
|
$ 6,612
|
$ 299,340
|
| Restricted cash |
|
92,115
|
3,008
|
124,683
|
| Accounts receivable, net |
|
5,521
|
181
|
6,407
|
| Inventories, net |
|
47,751
|
1,559
|
36,768
|
| Prepayments and other current assets |
|
6,997
|
229
|
10,235
|
| Total current assets |
|
354,849
|
11,589
|
477,433
|
| Non-current assets: |
|
|
|
|
| Property and equipment, net |
|
47,970
|
1,567
|
54,876
|
| Right-of-use assets |
|
7,943
|
259
|
6,179
|
| Deferred tax assets, net |
|
|
|
946
|
| Other non-current assets |
|
7,007
|
229
|
7,623
|
| Deferred offering costs |
|
31,154
|
1,017
|
|
| Total non-current assets |
|
94,074
|
3,072
|
69,624
|
| TOTAL ASSETS |
|
448,923
|
14,661
|
547,057
|
| Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| Short-term borrowings |
|
90,000
|
2,939
|
108,370
|
| Accounts payable |
|
127
|
4
|
1,696
|
| Other payables |
|
16,893
|
552
|
15,988
|
| Lease liabilities |
|
7,943
|
259
|
4,548
|
| Long-term borrowings |
|
7,316
|
239
|
21,067
|
| Other current liabilities |
|
545
|
18
|
465
|
| Total current liabilities |
|
122,824
|
4,011
|
152,134
|
| Non-current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| Long-term borrowings |
|
43,157
|
1,409
|
47,700
|
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
73
|
2
|
|
| Lease liabilities |
|
|
|
1,325
|
| Total non-current liabilities |
|
43,230
|
1,411
|
49,025
|
| TOTAL LIABILITIES |
|
166,054
|
5,422
|
201,159
|
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
|
|
|
|
| SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
| Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 per value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 7,936,940 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023) * |
[1] |
68
|
2
|
68
|
| Additional paid-in capital |
|
260,164
|
8,497
|
260,164
|
| Statutory reserve |
|
11,077
|
362
|
10,718
|
| Retained earnings/(accumulated deficit) |
|
(46,798)
|
(1,528)
|
3,587
|
| Total equity attributable to shareholders of the parent |
|
224,511
|
7,333
|
274,537
|
| Non-controlling interests |
[1] |
58,358
|
1,906
|
71,361
|
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
282,869
|
9,239
|
345,898
|
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
$ 448,923
|
$ 14,661
|
$ 547,057
|
|
|
| X |
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 250
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 65
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (d)
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
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-Section 65
-Paragraph 15
-Subparagraph (e)
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Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)(3)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-1
Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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-Paragraph 7
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 830
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 830
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 830
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-Section 45
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-Subparagraph (a)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20
Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 946
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-Section 55
-Paragraph 11
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Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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Reference 31: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-3
Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 210
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1
Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 34: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))
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Reference 36: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 37: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1
Reference 38: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1
Reference 39: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 323
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 40: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 825
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-Section 50
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-Subparagraph (f)
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares
|
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] |
|
|
|
| Ordinary shares, par value (in Dollars per share) |
[1] |
$ 0.0001
|
$ 0.0001
|
| Ordinary shares, shares authorized |
[1] |
500,000,000
|
500,000,000
|
| Ordinary shares, shares issued |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
| Ordinary shares, shares outstanding |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
|
|
| X |
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Section S99
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))
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-Section S99
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 946
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total revenues |
|
$ 32,840
|
$ 1,073
|
$ 102,438
|
$ 126,133
|
| Cost of revenue |
|
48,049
|
1,569
|
56,525
|
69,310
|
| Gross profit/(loss) |
|
(15,209)
|
(496)
|
45,913
|
56,823
|
| Operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
| Selling expenses |
|
11,363
|
371
|
12,534
|
10,490
|
| Administrative expenses |
|
24,360
|
796
|
25,650
|
18,387
|
| Research and development expenses |
|
24,195
|
790
|
26,845
|
40,921
|
| Impairment loss |
|
|
|
253
|
|
| Total operating expenses |
|
59,918
|
1,957
|
65,282
|
69,798
|
| Net operating loss |
|
(75,127)
|
(2,453)
|
(19,369)
|
(12,975)
|
| Non-operating (expenses)/income |
|
|
|
|
|
| Interest income |
|
14,680
|
479
|
3,462
|
419
|
| Other income |
|
385
|
13
|
2,844
|
7,166
|
| Other (loss)/gains, net |
|
992
|
32
|
37,399
|
(21,627)
|
| Interest expenses |
|
(2,940)
|
(96)
|
(2,884)
|
(2,196)
|
| Total non-operating (expenses)/income |
|
13,117
|
428
|
40,821
|
(16,238)
|
| (Loss)/profit before income tax |
|
(62,010)
|
(2,025)
|
21,452
|
(29,213)
|
| Income tax expenses |
|
1,019
|
33
|
6,429
|
1,298
|
| Net (loss)/income |
|
(63,029)
|
(2,058)
|
15,023
|
(30,511)
|
| Less: net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interests |
[1] |
(13,003)
|
(425)
|
194
|
(19,067)
|
| Net (loss)/income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
|
(50,026)
|
(1,633)
|
14,829
|
(11,444)
|
| Other comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
|
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
(329)
|
| Total comprehensive loss |
|
(63,029)
|
(2,058)
|
15,023
|
(30,840)
|
| Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests |
[1] |
(13,003)
|
(425)
|
194
|
(19,201)
|
| Total comprehensive loss attributable to ordinary shareholders |
|
$ (50,026)
|
$ (1,633)
|
$ 14,829
|
$ (11,639)
|
| Net (loss)/income per ordinary share |
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic (in New Dollars per share and Dollars per share) | (per share) |
|
$ (6.3)
|
$ (0.21)
|
$ 1.87
|
$ (1.44)
|
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares |
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic (in Shares) |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
|
|
| X |
- DefinitionAmount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40
Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
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| X |
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|
v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) (Parentheticals)
|
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2022
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2021
$ / shares
shares
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
|
| Diluted (in New Dollars per share and Dollars per share) | (per share) |
|
$ (0.21)
|
$ (6.30)
|
$ 1.87
|
$ (1.44)
|
| Diluted |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
|
|
| X |
- DefinitionThe amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 55
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
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-Section 45
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
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-Section S99
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section S99
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 45
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-Topic 260
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Ordinary share
TWD ($)
shares
|
Additional paid-in capital
TWD ($)
|
Statutory reserve
TWD ($)
|
Retain earnings / (accumulated deficit)
TWD ($)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
TWD ($)
|
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the parent
TWD ($)
|
Non- controlling interests
TWD ($)
|
[1] |
TWD ($)
shares
|
USD ($)
shares
|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 |
|
$ 68
|
[1] |
$ 260,164
|
$ 10,718
|
$ 202
|
$ (947)
|
$ 270,205
|
$ 101,596
|
$ 371,801
|
|
|
|
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020 | shares |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
(11,444)
|
|
(11,444)
|
(19,067)
|
(30,511)
|
|
|
|
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(195)
|
(195)
|
(134)
|
(329)
|
|
|
|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 |
|
$ 68
|
[1] |
260,164
|
10,718
|
(11,242)
|
(1,142)
|
258,566
|
82,395
|
340,961
|
|
|
|
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 | shares |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
14,829
|
|
14,829
|
194
|
15,023
|
|
|
|
| Disposal of subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,142
|
1,142
|
(11,228)
|
(10,086)
|
|
|
|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
$ 68
|
[1] |
260,164
|
10,718
|
3,587
|
|
274,537
|
71,361
|
$ 345,898
|
|
|
|
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 | shares |
|
7,936,940
|
[1] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,936,940
|
[2] |
7,936,940
|
[2] |
| Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
(50,026)
|
|
(50,026)
|
(13,003)
|
$ (63,029)
|
|
$ (2,058)
|
|
| Statutory reserve provision |
|
|
|
|
359
|
(359)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 |
|
$ 68
|
[1] |
$ 260,164
|
$ 11,077
|
$ (46,798)
|
|
$ 224,511
|
$ 58,358
|
$ 282,869
|
|
$ 9,239
|
|
| Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 | shares |
|
7,936,940
|
[1] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,936,940
|
[2] |
7,936,940
|
[2] |
|
|
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Combined Statements of Cash Flows
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
| Net (loss)/income |
$ (63,029)
|
$ (2,058)
|
$ 15,023
|
$ (30,511)
|
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
| Depreciation of property and equipment |
14,302
|
467
|
13,473
|
13,966
|
| Amortization of right-of-use assets |
10,095
|
330
|
11,332
|
12,749
|
| Amortization expense of intangible asset |
|
|
|
10,207
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(268)
|
(9)
|
253
|
|
| Deferred income tax |
1,019
|
32
|
6,429
|
(974)
|
| Gain/(loss) on disposal of property and equipment |
30
|
1
|
(25)
|
|
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries |
|
|
5,118
|
|
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| Accounts receivable |
1,154
|
38
|
16,731
|
(7,131)
|
| Inventories |
(10,983)
|
(359)
|
(9,442)
|
(8,669)
|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
3,238
|
104
|
(7,376)
|
(3,454)
|
| Right-of-use assets |
(11,859)
|
(387)
|
|
(6,681)
|
| Other non-current assets |
11,932
|
390
|
3,646
|
(1,993)
|
| Accounts payable |
(1,569)
|
(51)
|
(5,078)
|
1,290
|
| Lease liabilities |
2,070
|
68
|
(11,704)
|
(5,603)
|
| Other payables |
5,728
|
187
|
198
|
4,243
|
| Income taxes payable |
|
|
753
|
1,814
|
| Other current liabilities |
80
|
3
|
(2,832)
|
(212)
|
| Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities |
(38,060)
|
(1,244)
|
36,499
|
(20,959)
|
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
| Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net off cash balance at disposed entities |
|
|
(1,511)
|
|
| Purchase of property and equipment, net |
(23,658)
|
(773)
|
(28,417)
|
(19,426)
|
| Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment, net |
93
|
3
|
35
|
|
| Decrease in refundable deposits |
|
|
790
|
10
|
| Net cash used in investing activities |
(23,565)
|
(770)
|
(29,103)
|
(19,416)
|
| CASH FLOWS FORM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
| Increase in short-term loans |
100,152
|
3,271
|
219,164
|
77,480
|
| Decrease in short-term loans |
(118,522)
|
(3,871)
|
(200,904)
|
(52,740)
|
| Deferred offering costs |
(31,154)
|
(1,017)
|
|
|
| Proceeds from long-term debt |
|
|
21,790
|
44,780
|
| Repayments of long-term debt |
(18,294)
|
(597)
|
(15,412)
|
(1,545)
|
| Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities |
(67,818)
|
(2,214)
|
24,638
|
67,975
|
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
(327)
|
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
(129,443)
|
(4,228)
|
32,034
|
27,273
|
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year |
424,023
|
13,848
|
391,989
|
364,716
|
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year |
294,580
|
9,620
|
424,023
|
391,989
|
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
|
|
|
|
| Cash paid for income tax |
(1,438)
|
(47)
|
(2,413)
|
(458)
|
| Cash paid for interest |
(3,015)
|
(98)
|
(2,695)
|
(1,690)
|
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations |
11,246
|
367
|
|
6,681
|
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year |
299,340
|
|
287,943
|
|
| Restricted cash, beginning of year |
124,683
|
|
76,773
|
|
| Total cash and restricted cash, beginning of year |
424,023
|
|
364,716
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year |
202,465
|
$ 6,612
|
299,340
|
287,943
|
| Restricted cash, end of year |
92,115
|
|
124,683
|
76,773
|
| Total cash and restricted cash, end of year |
$ 294,580
|
|
$ 424,023
|
$ 364,716
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Organization and Principal Activities
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Organization and Principal Activities [Abstract] |
|
| Organization and principal activities |
| 1. | Organization
and principal activities |
SEMILUX
INTERNATIONAL LTD. (the “Cayco”) through its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) are primarily engaged
in the development, manufacture and sales of laser module and its components.
Cayco
was incorporated as an ultimate holding company under the laws of the Cayman Islands on July 19, 2023. Taiwan color optics, Inc. (“TCO”)
was established in October 2009 in Republic of China (R.O.C.), is the Company’s main operating entities in China.
Semilux
Ltd. (the “Merge Sub”) was incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands incorporated on May 10,
2023 and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CayCo.
On
July 21, 2023, Cayco entered into several restructuring documents with certain TCO shareholders (“TCO Reorganization”). On
February 5, 2024, Cayco consummated the TCO Reorganization with TCO, and TCO became a subsidiary of Cayco.
As
of March [ ], 2024, the issuance date of the financial statements, the details of the Company’s major subsidiaries are as follows.:
| Entity | |
Date of Incorporation | |
Place of Incorporation | |
% of Ownership | | |
Major business activities |
| Taiwan Color Optics Inc | |
October 19, 1999 | |
Taiwan | |
| 100 | % | |
Sales of laser module and its components |
| Semilux Ltd. | |
May 10, 2023 | |
Cayman Islands | |
| 100 | % | |
Investment Holding |
The
Company undertook the following steps to affect a reorganization (the “Reorganization”):
| ● | Formation
of Cayco and Merge Sub. |
| ● | Each existing TCO Shareholder exchanged their TCO ordinary shares with CayCo ordinary shares. Through the shares exchange, Cayco obtained 79.37% of the equity interests of TCO and allotted 7,936,940 Cayco ordinary shares to initial TCO shareholders who participated in the TCO Reorganization. |
| ● | At
the TCO Reorganization closing and immediately following the issuance of CayCo ordinary shares
to the relevant shareholders, each initial CayCo shareholder will surrender all of its CayCo
ordinary shares and any other shares of CayCo that were issued and outstanding immediately
prior to the Reorganization for no consideration to CayCo and all such shares of CayCo will
be cancelled. |
Immediately
before and after the Reorganization as described above, Cayco together with its subsidiaries were effectively controlled by the same
controlling shareholders; therefore, the Reorganization was accounted for as a recapitalization, and thus the current capital structure
has been retroactively presented in all periods as if such structure existed at that time, the entities under common control are presented
on a combined basis for all periods to which such entities were under common control. Since all of the subsidiaries were under common
control for the entirety of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the results of these subsidiaries are included in the financial
statements for all periods, and the equity has been restated to reflect the change as well.
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-Topic 205
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
|
| Summary of Significant accounting policies |
| 2. | Summary
of Significant accounting policies |
The
accompanying combined financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying combined financial
statements are summarized below.
| (b) | Principles of combination |
The
combined financial statements include the financial statements of the Company. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated
upon combination. For combined subsidiaries where the Company ownership in the subsidiary is less than 100%, the equity interest not
held by the Group is shown as non-controlling interests.
| (c) | Use of estimates and assumptions |
The
preparation of the combined financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet
dates, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and disclosed in the combined financial statements and accompanying
notes.
Significant
accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s combined financial statements include lower of cost and net realizable value of
inventory, recoverability of receivables, valuation of deferred tax assets, and assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, useful
lives and residual values of long-lived assets. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could
differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the combined financial statements.
| (d) | Foreign currency translation |
The
Company’s principal country of operations is the R.O.C. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using
New Taiwan Dollars (NT$), the local currency, as the functional currency. In preparing the combined financial statements, the operating
results and financial positions of each combined entity are translated into NT$.
In
preparing the financial statements of each individual combined entity, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional
currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each
reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Such exchange
differences are recognized in profit or loss in the year in which they arise. Non-monetary items measured at fair value that are denominated
in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising
on the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the year except for exchange differences arising on the
retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which
case, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms
of historical cost in foreign currencies are not retranslated.
For
the purposes of presenting combined financial statements, both the assets and liabilities and the income and expense items of the Company’s
foreign operations are translated into NT$ using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Exchange differences
arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to non-controlling interests as appropriate).
| (e) | Convenience translation |
The Company maintains its accounts and expresses
its combined financial statements in NT$, which is the Company’s functional currency. For convenience only, U.S. dollar amounts
presented in the accompanying combined financial statements have been translated from New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rate as set
forth in the statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of the Unites States, which was NT$30.62 to US$1.00 as of December 31,
2023. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the New Taiwan dollar amounts have been, could have
been, or could in the future be, converted into U.S. dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.
| (f) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash equivalents, for the purpose of meeting short-term
cash commitments, consist of highly liquid time deposits and investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Cash that are restricted as to withdrawal for use
or pledged as security is reported separately as restricted cash, and that are restricted as to withdrawal or use for other than current
operations is classified as non-current. The restricted cash mainly consists of time deposits that secure the Company’s short-term
borrowings.
| (h) | Accounts receivable, net |
Accounts receivables are recognized in the period
when the Company has delivered goods to its customers and when its right to consideration is unconditional. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13,
“Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement on Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, including
certain subsequent amendments, transitional guidance and other interpretive guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU
2019-11, ASU 2020-02 and ASU 2020-03 (collectively, including ASU 2016-13, “ASC 326”) on January 1, 2023 using the modified
retrospective transition approach. ASC 326 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts,
which replaces the previous incurred loss impairment model. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s
combined financial statements. The Company’s estimation of allowance for doubtful accounts considers factors such as historical
credit loss experience, age of receivable balances, current market conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic
conditions, as well as an assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties to determine whether these receivables
are considered at risk or uncollectible.
The Company evaluates its accounts receivable for
expected credit losses on a regular basis. The Company maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable
to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company considers factors in assessing the collectability of its receivables, such
as the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history, credit-worthiness and other specific circumstances related to the
accounts. The Company adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts
and actual bad debts. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable is likely to be unrecoverable, the Company
also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Accounts receivable balances are written off
after all collection efforts have been exhausted.
| (i) | Prepayment and other current assets |
Prepayment and other assets represent amounts that
the Company has paid in advance of receiving benefits or services. Prepayment and other assets include amounts for prepayments to suppliers,
prepaid expenses and prepaid insurance premiums and are recognized as an expense over the general contractual period.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or
estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs determined on the
weighted-average basis. The Company records inventory write-downs as cost of revenue for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions
on current and future demand forecasts. If the inventory on hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts are written
off. The Company also reviews inventory to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale
of the inventory. This requires the determination of the estimated selling price of the inventory less the estimated cost to convert
inventory on hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established
and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
| (k) | Fair value measurement |
Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price
that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at
fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that
market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy
that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices, in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable
for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active
markets; quoted prices for identical asset or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume
or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant
inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable
market data. |
| ● | Level 3 applies
to asset or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology
that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents,
restricted cash, prepayments and other current assets, short-term borrowings, accounts payables, other payables and other liabilities
approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.
Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches
to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The
market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets
or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement
is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that
would currently be required to replace an asset.
When available, the Company uses quoted market
prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Company will measure fair
value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest
rates and currency rates.
| (l) | Property and equipment, net |
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net
of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives and estimated residual
values of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of these assets are generally as follows:
| Category | |
Estimated useful life |
| Machinery equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Other equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Leasehold improvements | |
Over the shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred,
whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the
related assets. Gains and losses from the disposal of property and equipment are the differences between the net sales proceeds and the
carrying amounts of the relevant assets and are recognized in the combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Construction in process records the cost of construction
work, which is not yet completed. A construction in process item is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service. Depreciation
is recorded starting at the time when assets are ready for the intended use.
For a contract that contains a lease component
and non-lease component, the Company may elect to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
The Company as lessee
The Company accounts for its lease under ASC 842
Leases, and identifies lease as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property,
plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For all operating leases except for short-term
leases, the Company recognizes operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less
are short-term lease and not recognized as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the combined balance sheet.
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent
the Company’s right to use underlying assets including vehicles and production equipment for the lease term and lease liabilities
represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. At inception of a contract, the Company assesses
whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified
asset for a peri od of time in exchange of a consideration. To assess whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company assess whether
the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from
the use of the asset and whether it has the right to control the use of the asset.
The right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities
are recognized at the lease commencement date. The Company recognizes lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The right-of-use of asset is initially measured
at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement
date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentive received. For operating lease, lease expense is recorded on
a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amortization of the right-of-use asset is calculated as the difference between the straight-line
lease expense and the interest calculated on the lease liability. Lease liability is initially measured at the present
value of the outstanding lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease
payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed lease payments, variable lease payments that depend on an
index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and any exercise price under a purchase option that
the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments, if there is a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be
payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is any change in the Company assessment of option purchases, contract extensions
or termination options.
| (n) | Deferred offering costs |
Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting,
underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the business combination among
Chenghe Acquisition Co., Semilux International Ltd., SEMILUX LTD., and TCO INC. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts
and commissions, will be charged to temporary equity and permanent equity upon completion of the proposed public offering. Should the
proposed public offering prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged
to operations. For the year ended December 31 2023, the Company has incurred NT$12,480 of deferred offering costs.
| (o) | Impairment of long-lived assets |
Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will affect the future use
of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the
Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing
the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets
and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets,
the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.
No impairment charge was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
Borrowings comprise long-term and short-term bank
borrowings. Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated
at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds net of transaction costs and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss
over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
Revenue is recognized based on the requirements
of ASC Topic 606 when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized when the following five-step
revenue recognition criteria are met:
| 1) | Identify the contract
with a customer |
| 2) | Identify the performance
obligations in the contract |
| 3) | Determine the transaction
price |
| 4) | Allocate the transaction
price |
| 5) | Recognize revenue when
or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation |
The following table identifies the disaggregation
of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Sale of laser diode modules and related components | |
NT$ | 124,816 | | |
NT$ | 97,587 | | |
NT$ | 32,684 | |
| Others | |
| 1,317 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 156 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Taiwan | |
NT$ | 4,521 | | |
NT$ | 10,006 | | |
NT$ | 1,659 | |
| Mainland China | |
| 105,432 | | |
| 75,246 | | |
| 20,515 | |
| Germany | |
| 12,979 | | |
| 14,926 | | |
| 7,488 | |
| Others | |
| 3,201 | | |
| 2,260 | | |
| 3,178 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
The Company mainly engages in the manufacturing
and sale of laser diode modules and related components. The consideration is fixed and the revenue is recognized at a point in time when
the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised product to a customer upon acceptance by customers.
Contract assets and liabilities
The Company applies the practical expedient in
Topic 606 that permits the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization
period of such costs is one year or less. These costs are included in cost of revenues if any.
Payment terms are established on the Company’s
pre-established credit requirements based upon an evaluation of customers’ credit. the Company had no other material contract assets,
contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on its combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.
Cost of revenue consists primarily of cost of products,
labor cost, depreciation, maintenance, and other overhead expenses.
| (s) | Research and development expenses |
Research and development costs include personnel-related
expenses associated with the Company’s engineering personnel responsible for the design, development and testing of its products.
Such costs related to product development are included in research and development expense until the technological feasibility is reached,
which is generally shortly before the products are released to production. Research and development costs are charged to the combined
statements of operations as incurred.
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the combined financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected
to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The Company offset
deferred tax assets and liabilities within a jurisdiction.
The provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for combined financial statement recognition and measurement
of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income
tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties
associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified
as income tax expense in the period incurred.
The Company did not accrue any liability, interest
or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes line of its combined statements of (loss) income for
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The Company does not expect that its assessment
regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.
Government subsidies are recognized as other income
when received and all the conditions for their receipt have been met. The government subsidies were paid by cash and have no defined
rules and regulations to govern the criteria necessary for the Company to enjoy the benefits.
| (v) | Non-controlling Interest |
A non-controlling interest in a subsidiary of the
Company represents the portion of the equity (net assets) in the subsidiary not directly or indirectly attributable to the Company. Non-controlling
interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the combined balance sheets and net (loss)/income and other comprehensive
loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders are presented as a separate component on the combined statements of operations.
| (w) | (Loss) income per share |
The Company computes basic (loss)/income per share
in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share” by dividing the net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing
net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted
average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of
ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included
in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such share would be anti-dilutive.
| (x) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
The Company is an “emerging growth company”
(“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, EGC
can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards
apply to private companies.
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01,
“Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements”, which amends certain provisions of ASC 842 that apply to arrangements
between related parties under common control. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for leasehold improvements in common-control
arrangements for all entities. ASU 2023-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods
within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any annual or interim period as of the beginning of the related fiscal year.
The Company will adopt ASU 2023-01 from January 1, 2024. The Company expects the impact of adoption of this ASU to be immaterial to its
financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,
Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure
requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The update will require public entities to disclose
significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within segment profit
and loss. Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment
and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant
expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods
beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively
to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard
to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,
Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures,
primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments
are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied
either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard to determine
its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
Other accounting standards that have been issued
by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the combined financial statements
upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent standards that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its combined
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
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-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Certain Risks and Concentration
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Certain Risks and Concentration [Abstract] |
|
| Certain risks and concentration |
| 3. | Certain risks and concentration |
The Company’s financial instruments that
potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, net. As
of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, substantially all the Company’s cash were held in major financial institutions located
in the R.O.C., which management considers to being of high credit quality. For accounts receivable, net, the Company maintains an estimated
allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company considers
factors in assessing the collectability of its receivables, such as the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history,
credit-worthiness and other specific circumstances related to the accounts.
The top customers whose revenues individually represented
greater than 10% of the total net revenues of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer A | |
| 41.0 | % | |
| 29.1 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 15.3 | % | |
| 22.8 | % |
| Customer C | |
| 19.8 | % | |
| 17.7 | % |
Accounts receivable due from customers who represent
10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable were as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer C | |
| 24.3 | % | |
| 37.5 | % |
| Customer A | |
| 36.6 | % | |
| 21.2 | % |
| Customer D | |
| 13.0 | % | |
| 18.2 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 17.2 | % | |
| 13.9 | % |
The Company is also subject to concentration risk
from its suppliers. The top supplier whose purchases individually represented greater than 10% of the total purchases of the Company
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Supplier A | |
| * | | |
| 88.3 | % |
| Supplier B | |
| 39.7 | % | |
| * | |
| Supplier C | |
| 15.7 | % | |
| 2.8 | % |
| Supplier D | |
| 10.1 | % | |
| 2.5 | % |
| * | less than 10% of total purchases |
As of December 31, 2022 and 2023 the proportion
of account payable accounted for less than 10% of total liabilities.
|
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- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for any concentrations existing at the date of the financial statements that make an entity vulnerable to a reasonably possible, near-term, severe impact. This disclosure informs financial statement users about the general nature of the risk associated with the concentration, and may indicate the percentage of concentration risk as of the balance sheet date. Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Disposal of Subsidiaries
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Abstract] |
|
| Disposal of subsidiaries |
| 4. | Disposal of subsidiaries |
In July 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose
of all its interest in Optonomous Technologies Inc. (75.00%) (“OPI”) and Taiwan Color Optics Technologies, Ltd. (24.69%) (“TCOT”)
to a third-party individual, with net consideration of NT$0.001 and NT$100 in cash, respectively. The disposal of subsidiaries resulted
in a loss of NT$5,118 recorded in the accompanying combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the caption of “other
(loss) gains, net” for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The disposal of OPI was not a strategic shift of
the Company’s business, while the disposal of TCOT was a strategic shift of the Company’s business. However, since TCO INC.
only controlled 24.69% of TCOT’s equity interest before disposal, and the proportion of TCOT’s total assets and revenue as
of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 accounted for less than 10% of that the Company’s, the disposal of TCOT would
not have major impact on the Company’s business. Therefore, the disposal of OPI and TCOT was not qualified as discontinued operation.
The reconciliation of loss on disposal of subsidiaries
are as follows: Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| | |
As of July 1,
2022 | |
| | |
(unaudited) | |
| Total consideration received | |
NT$ | 100 | |
| Net liabilities of subsidiaries attributed to the Company | |
| (3,779 | ) |
| Reversal of accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
| (1,439 | ) |
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | |
NT$ | 5,118 | |
|
| X |
- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479907/805-20-50-5
Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Restricted Cash
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Restricted Cash [Abstract] |
|
| Restricted cash |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Restricted time deposits | |
NT$ | 124,683 | | |
NT$ | 92,115 | |
The amount as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 represented
time deposits placed in Chuang Hwa Bank and First Commercial Bank as collateral for obtaining short-term loans from these banks. (Note
10). The maturity date of the restricted time deposit with an interest rate of 5.2% is February 11, 2024.
|
| X |
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Accounts Receivable, Net
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Accounts receivable, net |
| 6. | Accounts receivable, net |
| |
|
As of December 31, |
|
| |
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
| Accounts receivable |
|
NT$ |
6,683 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,529 |
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
(276 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
| Accounts receivable, net |
|
NT$ |
6,407 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,521 |
|
The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) |
| (Additions)/Reversal | |
| - | | |
| (253 | ) | |
| 268 | |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) | |
NT$ | (8 | ) |
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-Topic 310
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//310-10/tableOfContent
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Inventories, Net
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Inventories, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Inventories, net |
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Raw material | |
NT$ | 10,098 | | |
NT$ | 9,118 | |
| Work-in-process | |
| 16,747 | | |
| 21,542 | |
| Finished goods | |
| 23,015 | | |
| 38,712 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| (13,092 | ) | |
| (21,621 | ) |
| Total | |
NT$ | 36,768 | | |
NT$ | 47,751 | |
The movements in the allowance for inventory valuation
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | 12,755 | | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | |
| Additions | |
| 1,259 | | |
| 4,580 | | |
| 10,525 | |
| Reductions | |
| (3,264 | ) | |
| (2,238 | ) | |
| (1,995 | ) |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | | |
NT$ | 21,621 | |
The reversal of allowance for inventory valuation
was NT$2,005 for the years ended December 31, 2021, and the allowance for inventory valuation was NT$ 2,342 and NT$ 8,530 for the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
|
| X |
- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 330
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Property and Equipment, Net
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Property and Equipment, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Property and equipment, net |
| 8. | Property and equipment, net |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Machinery equipment | |
NT$ | 106,944 | | |
NT$ | 113,599 | |
| Leasehold improvements | |
| 21,541 | | |
| 22,044 | |
| Other equipment | |
| 10,019 | | |
| 10,194 | |
| Subtotal | |
NT$ | 138,504 | | |
NT$ | 145,837 | |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | |
| (83,628 | ) | |
| (97,867 | ) |
| Property and equipment, net | |
NT$ | 54,876 | | |
NT$ | 47,970 | |
Depreciation expenses were NT$13,966, NT$13,473
and NT$14,302 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
No impairment charge was recorded for the years
ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. NT$27,047 and NT$23,739 of property and equipment, net used as collateral for long-term
bank borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 (Note 10).
|
| X |
- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections. Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 360
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//360/tableOfContent
Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-SubTopic 360
-Topic 958
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-6
Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-SubTopic 360
-Topic 958
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-1
Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 7
-SubTopic 360
-Topic 958
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-7
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Lease
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Lease [Abstract] |
|
| Lease |
At the inception of a contract, the Company determines
if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. The leases of the Company mainly consisted of land use right leasing, building leasing and
transportation leasing. A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 is as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 48,405 | | |
NT$ | 29,018 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets- accumulated amortization | |
| (42,226 | ) | |
| (21,075 | ) |
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |
NT$ | 6,179 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Lease liabilities, current | |
NT$ | 4,548 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| Lease liabilities, non-current | |
| 1,325 | | |
| - | |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 5,873 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,095 | |
| Interest expenses | |
| - | | |
| 226 | |
| Remaining lease term and discount rate: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | |
| 2.23 | | |
| 0.96 | |
| Weighted average discount rate | |
| 1.20 | % | |
| 1.84 | % |
For the years ended December 31 2021, 2022 and
2023, the lease expense was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Leases expense | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,321 | |
| Short-term lease expense | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 427 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,748
| |
The total future minimum lease payments of operating
lease with respect to the building and transportation as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
| | |
Amounts | |
| Year ended December 31, | |
| |
| 2024 | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Thereafter | |
| - | |
| Total lease payments | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Less: imputed interest | |
| (64 | ) |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
Lease expenses were included in operating expenses in the combined
statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cash paid during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 for amount included
in the measurement of lease liabilities was NT$12,284, NT$11,704 and NT$11,651.
|
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- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 842
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//842-20/tableOfContent
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Borrowings
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Borrowings [Abstract] |
|
| Borrowings |
Interest expense related to borrowing was NT$1,427,
NT$2,521 and NT$2,940 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Borrowing as of December 31, 2022 and 2023
represented the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Short-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 108,370 | | |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
| Long-term borrowings, current | |
NT$ | 21,067 | | |
NT$ | 7,316 | |
| Long-term borrowings, non-current | |
| 47,700 | | |
| 43,157 | |
| Subtotal of long-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
| Total borrowings | |
NT$ | 177,137 | | |
NT$ | 140,473 | |
As of December 31, 2022, the short-term bank borrowings
consisted of collateralized loans obtained from Chuang Hwa Bank and First Commercial Bank. These loans were secured by time deposits
held in the same banks. The collateralized time deposits were categorized as restricted cash (Note 5).
As of December 31, 2023, the short-term bank borrowings
were collateralized loans from Chuang Hwa Bank, backed by time deposits held within the bank. The collateralized time deposit continued
to be classified as restricted cash (Note 5). The borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.90% | | |
November 11, 2022 | |
November 11, 2023 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| First Commercial Bank | |
| 1.75%~2.08% | | |
June 10, 2022 | |
April 6, 2023 | |
| 26,370 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 108,370 | |
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.81% | | |
November 13, 2023 | |
November 13, 2024 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| E.Sun Bank | |
| 2.43% | | |
October 28, 2023 | |
April 28, 2024 | |
| 8,000 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
The long-term bank borrowings were obtained from
Chuang Hwa Bank. The credit borrowing was secured by the Credit Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises and the guaranteed borrowing
was guaranteed by the property and equipment of NT$27,047 and NT$ 23,739 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively (Note 8). The
borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Guaranteed borrowing | |
| 2.15% | | |
December 05, 2022 | |
December 05, 2027 | |
NT$ | 15,800 | | |
NT$ | 12,640 | |
| Credit borrowing | |
| 2.0%~2.1% | | |
August 21, 2020 | |
June 29, 2026 | |
| 52,967 | | |
| 37,833 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
|
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-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B
Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1
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-Topic 470
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent
Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B
Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B
Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B
Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C
Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C
Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C
Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E
Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I
Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I
Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Taxation
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Taxation [Abstract] |
|
| Taxation |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 2,272 | | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | - | |
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense | |
| (974 | ) | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 1,019 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s
total income tax expense to the (loss)/ income before income taxes for the years ended December 31,2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| (Loss) income before income tax provision | |
NT$ | (29,213 | ) | |
NT$ | 21,452 | | |
NT$ | (62,010 | ) |
| Income tax computed at statutory tax rate | |
| (5,057 | ) | |
| 2,613 | | |
| (12,402 | ) |
| Non-taxable income and non-deductible expenses | |
| 349 | | |
| 1,353 | | |
| 28 | |
| Temporary differences that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 4,337 | | |
| - | | |
| 4,121 | |
| Tax loss that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 2,410 | | |
| 2,463 | | |
| 9,272 | |
| Others | |
| (741 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
Deferred tax assets, net
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects
of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used
for income tax purposes.
The following table sets forth the significant
components of the deferred tax assets:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | |
| | |
| |
| Inventory write-down | |
NT$ | 2,618 | | |
NT$ | 4,121 | |
| Unrealized exchange loss | |
| (1,685 | ) | |
| - | |
| Net operating loss carried forward | |
| - | | |
| 21,175 | |
| Other | |
| 13 | | |
| - | |
| Total deferred tax assets | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | 25,296 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| - | | |
| (25,296 | ) |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | - | |
| | |
| | | |
| - | |
| Deferred tax liability: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Unrealized exchange benefit | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
| Total deferred tax liability | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
Deferred tax assets are recognized in the combined
financial statements only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Company can
utilize the benefits. The use of these tax losses is subject to the agreement of the tax authority and compliance with certain provisions
of the tax legislation of the place in which the Company operates.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position
(including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits
associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain
tax positions. The Company does not believe that its uncertain tax benefits position will materially change over the next twelve months.
|
| X |
- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13
Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1
Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent
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-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21
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-SubTopic 270
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2
Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-SubTopic 30
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Equity
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Equity [Abstract] |
|
| Equity |
(a) Ordinary shares and additional paid-in
capital
On July 21, 2023, Cayco entered into the several
restructuring documents with certain TCO shareholders (“TCO Reorganization”). On February 5, 2024, Cayco consummated the
TCO Reorganization with TCO, and TCO become a subsidiary of Cayco. Cayco allotted 7,936,940 Cayco ordinary shares to initial TCO shareholders
who participated in the TCO Reorganization. The transaction is accounted for as a recapitalization, TCO is determined as the predecessor
and became the Cayco’s historical financial statements, with retrospective adjustments to give effect of the recapitalization.
As of December 31, 2023, issued and outstanding
ordinary shares of the Company were both 7,936,940.
(b) Statutory reserve
TCO INC. and its Taiwan subsidiary are required
to reserve 10% of their net profit after income tax, as determined in accordance with the Taiwan regulations. The profit arrived at must
be set off against any accumulated losses sustained by the entities in prior years, before allocation is made to the statutory reserve.
Appropriation to the statutory reserve must be made before distribution of dividends to shareholders.
(c) Non-controlling interests
In July 2022, the Company disposed of all its interest
in OPI. (75.00%) and TCOT (24.69%) and corresponding non-controlling interests of NT$11,228. (Note 4)
In January 2024, as a result of the Reorganization
of the Company (Note 1), Cayco obtained 79.37% of the equity interests of TCO. The equity interests held by the original shareholders
of TCO who did not participate the Reorganization are recognized as non-controlling interests as if the reorganization had been completed
at the beginning of the earliest reporting period.
|
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| X |
- DefinitionThe entire disclosure for equity. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13
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-Subparagraph (h)
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-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14
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-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2
Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2
Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-6
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-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-6
Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1
Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//505/tableOfContent
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-Subparagraph (g)
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-Subparagraph (i)
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-Subparagraph (a)
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-Subparagraph (b)
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Net (Loss) Income Per Share
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Net (Loss) Income Per Share [Abstract] |
|
| Net (loss) income per share |
| 13. | Net (loss) income per share |
The following table sets forth the basic and diluted
net (loss) income per share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years ended December 31,
2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For
the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Numerator: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Net
(loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (11,444 | ) | |
NT$ | 14,829 | | |
NT$ | (50,026) | |
| Denominator: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding-basic and diluted | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | |
| Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (1.44 | ) | |
NT$ | 1.87 | | |
NT$ | (6.30 | ) |
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Commitments and Contingencies
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract] |
|
| Commitments and contingencies |
| 14. | Commitments and contingencies |
Operating lease
As of December 31, 2023, the Company entered into
lease agreements as lessee with third parties, the minimum future commitments under these agreements are as follows:
| Year ending December 31, | |
Lease
commitment | |
| 2024 | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
Capital commitment
As of December 31, 2023, the Company has no commitments.
Contingencies
As of December 31, 2023, the Company was not involved
in any legal or administrative proceedings that may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position
results of operations, or cash flows.
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Subsequent Events
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] |
|
| Subsequent Events |
On February 15, 2024 (the “Closing Date”),
Cayco consummated the transaction pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement with Chenghe, and Semilux (“Merger Sub”).
(the Company and together with CayCo and Merger Sub, the “TCO Parties”),
The merger was carried out in two steps:
| (a) | Merger Sub merged with and into Chenghe with Chenghe being
the surviving company and as a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Merger, and Chenghe changed its name to “SEMILUX LTD.” |
| (b) | Upon the closing of the Business Combination, trading of
Chenghe’s Class A ordinary shares and units was ceased, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub was ceased. |
Following the consummation of the transaction,
Chenghe. as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Cayco.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events
through May 15, 2024, the date of issuance of the combined financial statements, and did not identify any other subsequent events
with material financial impact on the Company’s combined financial statements.
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
|
| Basis of presentation |
The
accompanying combined financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”). Significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying combined financial
statements are summarized below.
|
| Principles of combination |
| (b) | Principles of combination |
The
combined financial statements include the financial statements of the Company. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated
upon combination. For combined subsidiaries where the Company ownership in the subsidiary is less than 100%, the equity interest not
held by the Group is shown as non-controlling interests.
|
| Use of estimates and assumptions |
| (c) | Use of estimates and assumptions |
The
preparation of the combined financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet
dates, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and disclosed in the combined financial statements and accompanying
notes. Significant
accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s combined financial statements include lower of cost and net realizable value of
inventory, recoverability of receivables, valuation of deferred tax assets, and assessment for impairment of long-lived assets, useful
lives and residual values of long-lived assets. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could
differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the combined financial statements.
|
| Foreign currency translation |
| (d) | Foreign currency translation |
The
Company’s principal country of operations is the R.O.C. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using
New Taiwan Dollars (NT$), the local currency, as the functional currency. In preparing the combined financial statements, the operating
results and financial positions of each combined entity are translated into NT$. In
preparing the financial statements of each individual combined entity, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional
currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each
reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Such exchange
differences are recognized in profit or loss in the year in which they arise. Non-monetary items measured at fair value that are denominated
in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising
on the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the year except for exchange differences arising on the
retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which
case, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms
of historical cost in foreign currencies are not retranslated. For
the purposes of presenting combined financial statements, both the assets and liabilities and the income and expense items of the Company’s
foreign operations are translated into NT$ using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Exchange differences
arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to non-controlling interests as appropriate).
|
| Convenience translation |
| (e) | Convenience translation |
The Company maintains its accounts and expresses
its combined financial statements in NT$, which is the Company’s functional currency. For convenience only, U.S. dollar amounts
presented in the accompanying combined financial statements have been translated from New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rate as set
forth in the statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board of the Unites States, which was NT$30.62 to US$1.00 as of December 31,
2023. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the New Taiwan dollar amounts have been, could have
been, or could in the future be, converted into U.S. dollars at this or any other rate of exchange.
|
| Cash and cash equivalents |
| (f) | Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash equivalents, for the purpose of meeting short-term
cash commitments, consist of highly liquid time deposits and investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
|
| Restricted cash |
Cash that are restricted as to withdrawal for use
or pledged as security is reported separately as restricted cash, and that are restricted as to withdrawal or use for other than current
operations is classified as non-current. The restricted cash mainly consists of time deposits that secure the Company’s short-term
borrowings.
|
| Accounts receivable, net |
| (h) | Accounts receivable, net |
Accounts receivables are recognized in the period
when the Company has delivered goods to its customers and when its right to consideration is unconditional. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13,
“Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement on Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, including
certain subsequent amendments, transitional guidance and other interpretive guidance within ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU
2019-11, ASU 2020-02 and ASU 2020-03 (collectively, including ASU 2016-13, “ASC 326”) on January 1, 2023 using the modified
retrospective transition approach. ASC 326 introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts,
which replaces the previous incurred loss impairment model. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s
combined financial statements. The Company’s estimation of allowance for doubtful accounts considers factors such as historical
credit loss experience, age of receivable balances, current market conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic
conditions, as well as an assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties to determine whether these receivables
are considered at risk or uncollectible. The Company evaluates its accounts receivable for
expected credit losses on a regular basis. The Company maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its accounts receivable
to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company considers factors in assessing the collectability of its receivables, such
as the age of the amounts due, the customer’s payment history, credit-worthiness and other specific circumstances related to the
accounts. The Company adjusts the allowance percentage periodically when there are significant differences between estimated bad debts
and actual bad debts. If there is strong evidence indicating that the accounts receivable is likely to be unrecoverable, the Company
also makes specific allowance in the period in which a loss is determined to be probable. Accounts receivable balances are written off
after all collection efforts have been exhausted.
|
| Prepayment and other current assets |
| (i) | Prepayment and other current assets |
Prepayment and other assets represent amounts that
the Company has paid in advance of receiving benefits or services. Prepayment and other assets include amounts for prepayments to suppliers,
prepaid expenses and prepaid insurance premiums and are recognized as an expense over the general contractual period.
|
| Inventories, net |
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or
estimated net realizable value. Costs are computed under the standard cost method, which approximates actual costs determined on the
weighted-average basis. The Company records inventory write-downs as cost of revenue for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions
on current and future demand forecasts. If the inventory on hand is in excess of future demand forecast, the excess amounts are written
off. The Company also reviews inventory to determine whether its carrying value exceeds the net amount realizable upon the ultimate sale
of the inventory. This requires the determination of the estimated selling price of the inventory less the estimated cost to convert
inventory on hand into a finished product. Once inventory is written-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established
and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
|
| Fair value measurement |
| (k) | Fair value measurement |
Accounting guidance defines fair value as the price
that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at
fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that
market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy
that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant
to the fair value measurement. Accounting guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
| ● | Level 1 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices, in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 applies
to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable
for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active
markets; quoted prices for identical asset or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume
or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant
inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable
market data. |
| ● | Level 3 applies
to asset or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology
that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents,
restricted cash, prepayments and other current assets, short-term borrowings, accounts payables, other payables and other liabilities
approximates fair value because of their short-term nature. Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches
to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The
market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets
or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement
is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that
would currently be required to replace an asset. When available, the Company uses quoted market
prices to determine the fair value of an asset or liability. If quoted market prices are not available, the Company will measure fair
value using valuation techniques that use, when possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest
rates and currency rates.
|
| Property and equipment, net |
| (l) | Property and equipment, net |
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net
of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives and estimated residual
values of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of these assets are generally as follows:
| Category | |
Estimated useful life |
| Machinery equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Other equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Leasehold improvements | |
Over the shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expenses as incurred,
whereas the costs of renewals and betterment that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the
related assets. Gains and losses from the disposal of property and equipment are the differences between the net sales proceeds and the
carrying amounts of the relevant assets and are recognized in the combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Construction in process records the cost of construction
work, which is not yet completed. A construction in process item is not depreciated until the asset is placed in service. Depreciation
is recorded starting at the time when assets are ready for the intended use.
|
| Leases |
For a contract that contains a lease component
and non-lease component, the Company may elect to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company as lessee The Company accounts for its lease under ASC 842
Leases, and identifies lease as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property,
plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For all operating leases except for short-term
leases, the Company recognizes operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less
are short-term lease and not recognized as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the combined balance sheet. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent
the Company’s right to use underlying assets including vehicles and production equipment for the lease term and lease liabilities
represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. At inception of a contract, the Company assesses
whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified
asset for a peri od of time in exchange of a consideration. To assess whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company assess whether
the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from
the use of the asset and whether it has the right to control the use of the asset. The right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities
are recognized at the lease commencement date. The Company recognizes lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The right-of-use of asset is initially measured
at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement
date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentive received. For operating lease, lease expense is recorded on
a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amortization of the right-of-use asset is calculated as the difference between the straight-line
lease expense and the interest calculated on the lease liability. Lease liability is initially measured at the present
value of the outstanding lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease
payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed lease payments, variable lease payments that depend on an
index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and any exercise price under a purchase option that
the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments, if there is a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be
payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is any change in the Company assessment of option purchases, contract extensions
or termination options.
|
| Deferred offering costs |
| (n) | Deferred offering costs |
Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting,
underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the business combination among
Chenghe Acquisition Co., Semilux International Ltd., SEMILUX LTD., and TCO INC. These costs, together with the underwriting discounts
and commissions, will be charged to temporary equity and permanent equity upon completion of the proposed public offering. Should the
proposed public offering prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged
to operations. For the year ended December 31 2023, the Company has incurred NT$12,480 of deferred offering costs.
|
| Impairment of long-lived assets |
| (o) | Impairment of long-lived assets |
Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will affect the future use
of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the
Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment for the long-lived assets by comparing
the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets
and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets,
the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets.
No impairment charge was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
|
| Borrowings |
Borrowings comprise long-term and short-term bank
borrowings. Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated
at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds net of transaction costs and the redemption value is recognized in profit or loss
over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
|
| Revenue recognition |
Revenue is recognized based on the requirements
of ASC Topic 606 when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration
the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized when the following five-step
revenue recognition criteria are met:
| 1) | Identify the contract
with a customer |
| 2) | Identify the performance
obligations in the contract |
| 3) | Determine the transaction
price |
| 4) | Allocate the transaction
price |
| 5) | Recognize revenue when
or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation |
The following table identifies the disaggregation
of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Sale of laser diode modules and related components | |
NT$ | 124,816 | | |
NT$ | 97,587 | | |
NT$ | 32,684 | |
| Others | |
| 1,317 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 156 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Taiwan | |
NT$ | 4,521 | | |
NT$ | 10,006 | | |
NT$ | 1,659 | |
| Mainland China | |
| 105,432 | | |
| 75,246 | | |
| 20,515 | |
| Germany | |
| 12,979 | | |
| 14,926 | | |
| 7,488 | |
| Others | |
| 3,201 | | |
| 2,260 | | |
| 3,178 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
The Company mainly engages in the manufacturing
and sale of laser diode modules and related components. The consideration is fixed and the revenue is recognized at a point in time when
the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised product to a customer upon acceptance by customers. Contract assets and liabilities The Company applies the practical expedient in
Topic 606 that permits the recognition of incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization
period of such costs is one year or less. These costs are included in cost of revenues if any. Payment terms are established on the Company’s
pre-established credit requirements based upon an evaluation of customers’ credit. the Company had no other material contract assets,
contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on its combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023.
|
| Cost of revenue |
Cost of revenue consists primarily of cost of products,
labor cost, depreciation, maintenance, and other overhead expenses.
|
| Research and development expenses |
| (s) | Research and development expenses |
Research and development costs include personnel-related
expenses associated with the Company’s engineering personnel responsible for the design, development and testing of its products.
Such costs related to product development are included in research and development expense until the technological feasibility is reached,
which is generally shortly before the products are released to production. Research and development costs are charged to the combined
statements of operations as incurred.
|
| Taxation |
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the combined financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected
to be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The Company offset
deferred tax assets and liabilities within a jurisdiction. The provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for combined financial statement recognition and measurement
of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income
tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties
associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified
as income tax expense in the period incurred. The Company did not accrue any liability, interest
or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes line of its combined statements of (loss) income for
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Company does not expect that its assessment
regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.
|
| Government subsidies |
Government subsidies are recognized as other income
when received and all the conditions for their receipt have been met. The government subsidies were paid by cash and have no defined
rules and regulations to govern the criteria necessary for the Company to enjoy the benefits.
|
| Non-controlling Interest |
| (v) | Non-controlling Interest |
A non-controlling interest in a subsidiary of the
Company represents the portion of the equity (net assets) in the subsidiary not directly or indirectly attributable to the Company. Non-controlling
interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the combined balance sheets and net (loss)/income and other comprehensive
loss attributable to non-controlling shareholders are presented as a separate component on the combined statements of operations.
|
| (Loss) income per share |
| (w) | (Loss) income per share |
The Company computes basic (loss)/income per share
in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share” by dividing the net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing
net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders, as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted
average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the year. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of
ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included
in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such share would be anti-dilutive.
|
| Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
| (x) | Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
The Company is an “emerging growth company”
(“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, EGC
can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards
apply to private companies. In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01,
“Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements”, which amends certain provisions of ASC 842 that apply to arrangements
between related parties under common control. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for leasehold improvements in common-control
arrangements for all entities. ASU 2023-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods
within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any annual or interim period as of the beginning of the related fiscal year.
The Company will adopt ASU 2023-01 from January 1, 2024. The Company expects the impact of adoption of this ASU to be immaterial to its
financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07,
Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure
requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The update will require public entities to disclose
significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within segment profit
and loss. Require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment
and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant
expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods
beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively
to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard
to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09,
Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures,
primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments
are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied
either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard to determine
its impact on the Company’s disclosures. Other accounting standards that have been issued
by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the combined financial statements
upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent standards that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its combined
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Organization and Principal Activities (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Organization and Principal Activities [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Major Subsidiaries |
As
of March [ ], 2024, the issuance date of the financial statements, the details of the Company’s major subsidiaries are as follows.:
| Entity | |
Date of Incorporation | |
Place of Incorporation | |
% of Ownership | | |
Major business activities |
| Taiwan Color Optics Inc | |
October 19, 1999 | |
Taiwan | |
| 100 | % | |
Sales of laser module and its components |
| Semilux Ltd. | |
May 10, 2023 | |
Cayman Islands | |
| 100 | % | |
Investment Holding |
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment Under Estimated Useful Life |
The estimated useful lives of these assets are generally as follows:
| Category | |
Estimated useful life |
| Machinery equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Other equipment | |
3 – 8 years |
| Leasehold improvements | |
Over the shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets |
|
| Schedule of Disafratueon of Revenue |
The following table identifies the disaggregation
of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Sale of laser diode modules and related components | |
NT$ | 124,816 | | |
NT$ | 97,587 | | |
NT$ | 32,684 | |
| Others | |
| 1,317 | | |
| 4,851 | | |
| 156 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Taiwan | |
NT$ | 4,521 | | |
NT$ | 10,006 | | |
NT$ | 1,659 | |
| Mainland China | |
| 105,432 | | |
| 75,246 | | |
| 20,515 | |
| Germany | |
| 12,979 | | |
| 14,926 | | |
| 7,488 | |
| Others | |
| 3,201 | | |
| 2,260 | | |
| 3,178 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 126,133 | | |
NT$ | 102,438 | | |
NT$ | 32,840 | |
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Certain Risks and Concentration (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Certain Risks and Concentration [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Certain Risks and Concentration |
The top customers whose revenues individually represented
greater than 10% of the total net revenues of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer A | |
| 41.0 | % | |
| 29.1 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 15.3 | % | |
| 22.8 | % |
| Customer C | |
| 19.8 | % | |
| 17.7 | % |
Accounts receivable due from customers who represent
10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable were as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Customer C | |
| 24.3 | % | |
| 37.5 | % |
| Customer A | |
| 36.6 | % | |
| 21.2 | % |
| Customer D | |
| 13.0 | % | |
| 18.2 | % |
| Customer B | |
| 17.2 | % | |
| 13.9 | % |
The top supplier whose purchases individually represented greater than 10% of the total purchases of the Company
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended
December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Supplier A | |
| * | | |
| 88.3 | % |
| Supplier B | |
| 39.7 | % | |
| * | |
| Supplier C | |
| 15.7 | % | |
| 2.8 | % |
| Supplier D | |
| 10.1 | % | |
| 2.5 | % |
| * | less than 10% of total purchases |
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Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 275
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Disposal of Subsidiaries (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
The reconciliation of loss on disposal of subsidiaries
are as follows: Accumulated other comprehensive loss
| | |
As of July 1,
2022 | |
| | |
(unaudited) | |
| Total consideration received | |
NT$ | 100 | |
| Net liabilities of subsidiaries attributed to the Company | |
| (3,779 | ) |
| Reversal of accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
| (1,439 | ) |
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | |
NT$ | 5,118 | |
|
| X |
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- DefinitionTabular disclosure of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 14A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A
Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 830
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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-Paragraph 20
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-Topic 944
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(1)(a))
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net |
| |
|
As of December 31, |
|
| |
|
2022 |
|
|
2023 |
|
| Accounts receivable |
|
NT$ |
6,683 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,529 |
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
(276 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
| Accounts receivable, net |
|
NT$ |
6,407 |
|
|
NT$ |
5,521 |
|
|
| Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) |
| (Additions)/Reversal | |
| - | | |
| (253 | ) | |
| 268 | |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | (23 | ) | |
NT$ | (276 | ) | |
NT$ | (8 | ) |
|
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-Topic 326
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13
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-Paragraph 11B
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.3,4)
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Inventories, Net (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Inventories, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Inventories, Net |
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Raw material | |
NT$ | 10,098 | | |
NT$ | 9,118 | |
| Work-in-process | |
| 16,747 | | |
| 21,542 | |
| Finished goods | |
| 23,015 | | |
| 38,712 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| (13,092 | ) | |
| (21,621 | ) |
| Total | |
NT$ | 36,768 | | |
NT$ | 47,751 | |
|
| Schedule of Allowance for Inventory Valuation |
The movements in the allowance for inventory valuation
are as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Beginning balance | |
NT$ | 12,755 | | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | |
| Additions | |
| 1,259 | | |
| 4,580 | | |
| 10,525 | |
| Reductions | |
| (3,264 | ) | |
| (2,238 | ) | |
| (1,995 | ) |
| Ending balance | |
NT$ | 10,750 | | |
NT$ | 13,092 | | |
NT$ | 21,621 | |
|
| X |
- DefinitionTabular disclosure of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 326
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
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-Topic 210
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(6)(c))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Property and Equipment, Net [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Machinery equipment | |
NT$ | 106,944 | | |
NT$ | 113,599 | |
| Leasehold improvements | |
| 21,541 | | |
| 22,044 | |
| Other equipment | |
| 10,019 | | |
| 10,194 | |
| Subtotal | |
NT$ | 138,504 | | |
NT$ | 145,837 | |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | |
| (83,628 | ) | |
| (97,867 | ) |
| Property and equipment, net | |
NT$ | 54,876 | | |
NT$ | 47,970 | |
|
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-SubTopic 10
-Topic 360
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Lease (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Lease [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Supplemental Information Related to Operating Leases |
A summary of supplemental information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 is as follows:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 48,405 | | |
NT$ | 29,018 | |
| Lease right-of-use assets- accumulated amortization | |
| (42,226 | ) | |
| (21,075 | ) |
| Lease right-of-use assets, net | |
NT$ | 6,179 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Lease liabilities, current | |
NT$ | 4,548 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| Lease liabilities, non-current | |
| 1,325 | | |
| - | |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 5,873 | | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,095 | |
| Interest expenses | |
| - | | |
| 226 | |
| Remaining lease term and discount rate: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | |
| 2.23 | | |
| 0.96 | |
| Weighted average discount rate | |
| 1.20 | % | |
| 1.84 | % |
|
| Schedule of Lease Expense |
For the years ended December 31 2021, 2022 and
2023, the lease expense was as follows:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Leases expense | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,321 | |
| Short-term lease expense | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 427 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 12,749 | | |
NT$ | 11,332 | | |
NT$ | 10,748
| |
|
| Schedule of Lease Payments of Operating Lease |
The total future minimum lease payments of operating
lease with respect to the building and transportation as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
| | |
Amounts | |
| Year ended December 31, | |
| |
| 2024 | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Thereafter | |
| - | |
| Total lease payments | |
NT$ | 8,007 | |
| Less: imputed interest | |
| (64 | ) |
| Total lease liabilities | |
NT$ | 7,943 | |
|
| X |
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-Topic 842
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
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-Topic 842
-SubTopic 20
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
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-Topic 842
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 270
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6A
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Borrowings (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Borrowings [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Borrowing |
Borrowing as of December 31, 2022 and 2023
represented the following:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Short-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 108,370 | | |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
| Long-term borrowings, current | |
NT$ | 21,067 | | |
NT$ | 7,316 | |
| Long-term borrowings, non-current | |
| 47,700 | | |
| 43,157 | |
| Subtotal of long-term borrowings | |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
| Total borrowings | |
NT$ | 177,137 | | |
NT$ | 140,473 | |
|
| Schedule of Long Term Bank Borrowing |
The borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.90% | | |
November 11, 2022 | |
November 11, 2023 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| First Commercial Bank | |
| 1.75%~2.08% | | |
June 10, 2022 | |
April 6, 2023 | |
| 26,370 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 108,370 | |
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Chuang Hwa Bank | |
| 1.81% | | |
November 13, 2023 | |
November 13, 2024 | |
NT$ | 82,000 | |
| E.Sun Bank | |
| 2.43% | | |
October 28, 2023 | |
April 28, 2024 | |
| 8,000 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 90,000 | |
|
| Schedule of Long Term Bank Borrowing |
The
borrowing period and interest rate range represented the following:
| Nature | |
Interest
rate | | |
Issuance
Date | |
Maturity
Date | |
As of
December 31,
2022 | | |
As of
December 31,
2023 | |
| Guaranteed borrowing | |
| 2.15% | | |
December 05, 2022 | |
December 05, 2027 | |
NT$ | 15,800 | | |
NT$ | 12,640 | |
| Credit borrowing | |
| 2.0%~2.1% | | |
August 21, 2020 | |
June 29, 2026 | |
| 52,967 | | |
| 37,833 | |
| Total | |
| | | |
| |
| |
NT$ | 68,767 | | |
NT$ | 50,473 | |
|
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-Topic 470
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-Section 55
-Paragraph 69B
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
-Publisher FASB
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
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-Section 50
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22)
-Publisher FASB
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-Topic 942
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Taxation (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Taxation [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Taxation |
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 2,272 | | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | - | |
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense | |
| (974 | ) | |
| 6,429 | | |
| 1,019 | |
| Total | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
|
| Schedule of Reconciliation of the Company's Total Income Tax Expense |
The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s
total income tax expense to the (loss)/ income before income taxes for the years ended December 31,2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| (Loss) income before income tax provision | |
NT$ | (29,213 | ) | |
NT$ | 21,452 | | |
NT$ | (62,010 | ) |
| Income tax computed at statutory tax rate | |
| (5,057 | ) | |
| 2,613 | | |
| (12,402 | ) |
| Non-taxable income and non-deductible expenses | |
| 349 | | |
| 1,353 | | |
| 28 | |
| Temporary differences that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 4,337 | | |
| - | | |
| 4,121 | |
| Tax loss that unrecognized deferred tax assets | |
| 2,410 | | |
| 2,463 | | |
| 9,272 | |
| Others | |
| (741 | ) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| Income taxes expense | |
NT$ | 1,298 | | |
NT$ | 6,429 | | |
NT$ | 1,019 | |
|
| Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets |
The following table sets forth the significant
components of the deferred tax assets:
| | |
As of December 31, | |
| | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net | |
| | |
| |
| Inventory write-down | |
NT$ | 2,618 | | |
NT$ | 4,121 | |
| Unrealized exchange loss | |
| (1,685 | ) | |
| - | |
| Net operating loss carried forward | |
| - | | |
| 21,175 | |
| Other | |
| 13 | | |
| - | |
| Total deferred tax assets | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | 25,296 | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| - | | |
| (25,296 | ) |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | |
NT$ | 946 | | |
NT$ | - | |
| | |
| | | |
| - | |
| Deferred tax liability: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Unrealized exchange benefit | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
| Total deferred tax liability | |
NT$ | - | | |
NT$ | (73 | ) |
|
| X |
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
|---|
| Net (Loss) Income Per Share [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share |
The following table sets forth the basic and diluted
net (loss) income per share computation and provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for the years ended December 31,
2021, 2022 and 2023:
| | |
For
the years ended December 31, | |
| | |
2021 | | |
2022 | | |
2023 | |
| Numerator: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Net
(loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (11,444 | ) | |
NT$ | 14,829 | | |
NT$ | (50,026) | |
| Denominator: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding-basic and diluted | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | | |
| 7,937 | |
| Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | |
NT$ | (1.44 | ) | |
NT$ | 1.87 | | |
NT$ | (6.30 | ) |
|
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-Topic 260
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment Under Estimated Useful Life
|
Dec. 31, 2023 |
| Machinery equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member] |
|
| Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
| Property and equipment estimated useful life |
3 years
|
| Machinery equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member] |
|
| Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
| Property and equipment estimated useful life |
8 years
|
| Other equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member] |
|
| Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
| Property and equipment estimated useful life |
3 years
|
| Other equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member] |
|
| Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
| Property and equipment estimated useful life |
8 years
|
| Leasehold Improvements [Member] |
|
| Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
| Property and equipment estimated useful life |
Over the shorter of lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets
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| Balance Type: |
|
| Period Type: |
|
|
v3.24.1.1.u2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Disafratueon of Revenue
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total revenue |
$ 32,840
|
$ 1,073
|
$ 102,438
|
$ 126,133
|
| Total disaggregation revenue |
32,840
|
|
102,438
|
126,133
|
| Taiwan [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total disaggregation revenue |
1,659
|
|
10,006
|
4,521
|
| Mainland China [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total disaggregation revenue |
20,515
|
|
75,246
|
105,432
|
| Germany [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total disaggregation revenue |
7,488
|
|
14,926
|
12,979
|
| Others [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total disaggregation revenue |
3,178
|
|
2,260
|
3,201
|
| Sale of laser diode modules and related components [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total revenue |
32,684
|
|
97,587
|
124,816
|
| Others [Member] |
|
|
|
|
| Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Total revenue |
$ 156
|
|
$ 4,851
|
$ 1,317
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Disposal of Subsidiaries (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands |
|
12 Months Ended |
|
|
Jul. 01, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
Jul. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
$ / shares
|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Net consideration (in New Dollars per share) | $ / shares |
|
|
|
|
|
$ 0.001
|
| Cash (in New Dollars) | $ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ 100
|
| Disposal of subsidiaries loss (in New Dollars) |
$ 5,118
|
|
|
$ (5,118)
|
|
|
| Revenue percentage |
|
|
|
|
10.00%
|
|
| Optonomous Technologies Inc [Member] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dispose all interest |
|
|
|
|
|
75.00%
|
| Taiwan Color Optics Technologies, Ltd. [Member] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dispose all interest |
|
|
|
|
|
24.69%
|
| Business Combination [Member] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disposal of Subsidiaries [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Equity interest percentage |
|
|
|
|
24.69%
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
| Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract] |
|
|
|
| Accounts receivable |
$ 5,529
|
|
$ 6,683
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(8)
|
|
(276)
|
| Accounts receivable, net |
$ 5,521
|
$ 181
|
$ 6,407
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Inventories, Net (Details) - Schedule of Inventories, Net
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2020
TWD ($)
|
| Schedule of Inventories, Net [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
|
| Raw material |
$ 9,118
|
|
$ 10,098
|
|
|
| Work-in-process |
21,542
|
|
16,747
|
|
|
| Finished goods |
38,712
|
|
23,015
|
|
|
| Valuation allowance |
(21,621)
|
|
(13,092)
|
$ (10,750)
|
$ (12,755)
|
| Total |
$ 47,751
|
$ 1,559
|
$ 36,768
|
|
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Inventories, Net (Details) - Schedule of Allowance for Inventory Valuation - TWD ($)
$ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2021 |
| Schedule of Allowance for Inventory Valuation [Abstract] |
|
|
|
| Beginning balance |
$ 13,092
|
$ 10,750
|
$ 12,755
|
| Additions |
10,525
|
4,580
|
1,259
|
| Reductions |
(1,995)
|
(2,238)
|
(3,264)
|
| Ending balance |
$ 21,621
|
$ 13,092
|
$ 10,750
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Property and Equipment, Net (Details)
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
| Property and Equipment, Net [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
| Depreciation expense |
$ 14,302
|
$ 467
|
$ 13,473
|
$ 13,966
|
| Property and equipment, net |
$ 23,739
|
|
$ 27,047
|
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Property and equipment, Subtotal |
$ 145,837
|
|
$ 138,504
|
| Less: accumulated depreciation |
(97,867)
|
|
(83,628)
|
| Subtotal |
145,837
|
|
138,504
|
| Property and equipment, net |
47,970
|
$ 1,567
|
54,876
|
| Machinery Equipment [Member] |
|
|
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Property and equipment, Subtotal |
113,599
|
|
106,944
|
| Subtotal |
113,599
|
|
106,944
|
| Leasehold Improvements [Member] |
|
|
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Property and equipment, Subtotal |
22,044
|
|
21,541
|
| Subtotal |
22,044
|
|
21,541
|
| Other Equipment [Member] |
|
|
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Property and equipment, Subtotal |
10,194
|
|
10,019
|
| Subtotal |
$ 10,194
|
|
$ 10,019
|
| X |
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8)(b))
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v3.24.1.1.u2
| X |
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-Topic 842
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Lease (Details) - Schedule of Supplemental Information Related to Operating Leases
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
| Schedule of Supplemental Information Related to Operating Leases [Abstract] |
|
|
|
| Lease right-of-use assets |
$ 29,018
|
$ 48,405
|
|
| Lease right-of-use assets- accumulated amortization |
(21,075)
|
(42,226)
|
|
| Lease right-of-use assets, net |
7,943
|
6,179
|
$ 259
|
| Lease liabilities, current |
7,943
|
4,548
|
259
|
| Lease liabilities, non-current |
|
1,325
|
|
| Total lease liabilities |
7,943
|
5,873
|
|
| Amortization of right-of-use assets |
10,095
|
$ 11,332
|
|
| Interest expenses |
$ 226
|
|
|
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
11 months 15 days
|
2 years 2 months 23 days
|
11 months 15 days
|
| Weighted average discount rate |
1.84%
|
1.20%
|
1.84%
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Borrowings (Details) - Schedule of Borrowing
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
| Schedule of Borrowing [Abstract] |
|
|
|
| Short-term borrowings |
$ 90,000
|
$ 2,939
|
$ 108,370
|
| Long-term borrowings, current |
7,316
|
|
21,067
|
| Long-term borrowings, non-current |
43,157
|
$ 1,409
|
47,700
|
| Subtotal of long-term borrowings |
50,473
|
|
68,767
|
| Total borrowings |
$ 140,473
|
|
$ 177,137
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Borrowings (Details) - Schedule of Short Term Bank Borrowing
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Short-term bank borrowings |
$ 90,000
|
$ 108,370
|
$ 2,939
|
| Chuang Hwa Bank [Member] |
|
|
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Interest rate |
|
1.90%
|
|
| Issuance Date |
|
Nov. 11, 2022
|
|
| Maturity Date |
|
Nov. 11, 2023
|
|
| Short-term bank borrowings |
|
$ 82,000
|
|
| First Commercial Bank [Member] |
|
|
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Interest rate |
2.43%
|
|
|
| Issuance Date |
Oct. 28, 2023
|
Jun. 10, 2022
|
|
| Maturity Date |
Apr. 28, 2024
|
Apr. 06, 2023
|
|
| Short-term bank borrowings |
$ 8,000
|
$ 26,370
|
|
| First Commercial Bank [Member] | Minimum [Member] |
|
|
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Interest rate |
|
1.75%
|
|
| First Commercial Bank [Member] | Maximum [Member] |
|
|
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Interest rate |
|
2.08%
|
|
| Chuang Hwa Bank [Member] |
|
|
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] |
|
|
|
| Interest rate |
1.81%
|
|
|
| Issuance Date |
Nov. 13, 2023
|
|
|
| Maturity Date |
Nov. 13, 2024
|
|
|
| Short-term bank borrowings |
$ 82,000
|
|
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Borrowings (Details) - Schedule of Long Term Bank Borrowing - TWD ($)
$ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
|
|
| Total |
$ 50,473
|
$ 68,767
|
| Guaranteed Borrowing [Member] |
|
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
|
|
| Interest rate |
2.15%
|
|
| Issuance Date |
Dec. 05, 2022
|
|
| Maturity Date |
Dec. 05, 2027
|
|
| Total |
$ 12,640
|
15,800
|
| Credit Borrowing [Member] |
|
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
|
|
| Issuance Date |
Aug. 21, 2020
|
|
| Maturity Date |
Jun. 29, 2026
|
|
| Total |
$ 37,833
|
$ 52,967
|
| Minimum [Member] | Credit Borrowing [Member] |
|
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
|
|
| Interest rate |
2.00%
|
|
| Maximum [Member] | Credit Borrowing [Member] |
|
|
| Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
|
|
| Interest rate |
2.10%
|
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Taxation (Details) - Schedule of Taxation
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
| Schedule of Taxation [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
| Income taxes expense |
|
|
|
$ 2,272
|
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense |
1,019
|
|
6,429
|
(974)
|
| Total income taxes expense |
$ 1,019
|
$ 33
|
$ 6,429
|
$ 1,298
|
| X |
- DefinitionAmount of other deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. For example, but not limited to, acquisition-date income tax benefits or expenses recognized from changes in the acquirer's valuation allowance for its previously existing deferred tax assets resulting from a business combination and adjustments to beginning-of-year balance of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstance causing a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future periods. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Subparagraph (h)
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-Paragraph 1
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Taxation (Details) - Schedule of Reconciliation of the Company's Total Income Tax Expense
$ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
|
| Schedule of Reconciliation of the Company's Total Income Tax Expense [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
| (Loss) income before income tax provision |
$ (62,010)
|
$ (2,025)
|
$ 21,452
|
$ (29,213)
|
| Income tax computed at statutory tax rate |
(12,402)
|
|
2,613
|
(5,057)
|
| Non-taxable income and non-deductible expenses |
28
|
|
1,353
|
349
|
| Temporary differences that unrecognized deferred tax assets |
4,121
|
|
|
4,337
|
| Tax loss that unrecognized deferred tax assets |
9,272
|
|
2,463
|
2,410
|
| Others |
|
|
|
(741)
|
| Total income taxes expense |
$ 1,019
|
$ 33
|
$ 6,429
|
$ 1,298
|
v3.24.1.1.u2
Taxation (Details) - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets - TWD ($)
$ in Thousands |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
| Deferred tax assets, net |
|
|
| Inventory write-down |
$ 4,121
|
$ 2,618
|
| Unrealized exchange loss |
|
(1,685)
|
| Net operating loss carried forward |
21,175
|
|
| Other |
|
13
|
| Total deferred tax assets |
25,296
|
946
|
| Valuation allowance |
(25,296)
|
|
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |
|
946
|
| Deferred tax liability: |
|
|
| Unrealized exchange benefit |
(73)
|
|
| Total deferred tax liability |
$ (73)
|
|
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Equity (Details) - TWD ($)
$ in Thousands |
1 Months Ended |
12 Months Ended |
|
|
|
Jul. 31, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Jul. 21, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
| Equity [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ordinary shares issued (in Shares) |
|
|
7,936,940
|
[1] |
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
[1] |
| Common stock shares outstanding (in Shares) |
[1] |
|
7,936,940
|
|
|
|
7,936,940
|
|
| Statutory reserve |
|
|
10.00%
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disposed of interest OPI percentage |
|
75.00%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disposed of interest TCOT percentage |
|
24.69%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Corresponding non-controlling interests (in New Dollars) |
|
$ 11,228
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cayco [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Equity [Line Items] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Equity interests rate |
|
|
|
|
79.37%
|
|
|
|
|
|
| X |
- DefinitionPercentageof disposed of interest OPI.
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|
| X |
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selx_ |
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dtr:percentItemType |
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duration |
|
| X |
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| X |
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| X |
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|
| Period Type: |
|
|
v3.24.1.1.u2
Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Details) - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share
$ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, $ in Thousands |
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2022
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2021
TWD ($)
$ / shares
shares
|
| Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
|
$ (50,026)
|
$ (1,633)
|
$ 14,829
|
$ (11,444)
|
| Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding-basic and diluted |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
| Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share) |
|
$ (6.3)
|
$ (0.21)
|
$ 1.87
|
$ (1.44)
|
|
|
| X |
- References
+ Details
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|
| X |
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v3.24.1.1.u2
Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Details) - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Parentheticals)
|
12 Months Ended |
|
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2022
$ / shares
shares
|
Dec. 31, 2021
$ / shares
shares
|
| Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share [Abstract] |
|
|
|
|
|
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding-diluted |
[1] |
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
7,936,940
|
| Diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to ordinary shareholders | (per share) |
|
$ (0.21)
|
$ (6.30)
|
$ 1.87
|
$ (1.44)
|
|
|
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