Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-38202


Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						85-3608069
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


1700 Flight Way Tustin California						92782
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)


(949) 774-7640
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

SPCE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2024, there were 28,875,495 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	2
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
Item 5.	Other Information	31
Item 6.	Exhibits	31
Signatures		33

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning us and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to management.

Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “achieve,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “grow,” “increase,” “intend,” “may,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar words, phrases, or expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•any delay in future commercial flights of our spaceflight fleet;

•our ability to successfully develop and test our next-generation vehicles, and the time and costs associated with doing so;

•the safety of our spaceflight systems;

•the development of the markets for commercial spaceflight and commercial research and development payloads;

•our ability to effectively market and sell spaceflights;

•our ability to convert our backlog or inbound inquiries into revenue;

•our anticipated full passenger capacity;

•our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;

•delay in development or the manufacture of spaceflight systems;

•our ability to supply our technology to additional market opportunities;

•our expected capital requirements and the availability of additional financing;

•our ability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel;

•the effect of terrorist activity, armed conflict (including any escalation of hostility arising out of the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, Israel and Hamas, or other geopolitical conflicts), natural disasters or pandemic diseases on the economy generally, on our future financial or operational results, or our access to additional financing;

•consumer preferences and discretionary purchasing activity, which can be significantly adversely affected by unfavorable economic or market conditions;

•extensive and evolving government regulation that impact the way we operate;

•risks associated with international expansion;

•our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure and procedures; and

•our ability to continue to use, maintain, enforce, protect and defend our owned and licensed intellectual property, including the Virgin brand.

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Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those set forth in Part I, Item 1.“Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K"), in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 and in Part I, Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our information may be incomplete or limited, and we cannot guarantee future results. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Each of the terms the “Company,” “Virgin Galactic,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,359	$	216,799
Restricted cash	32,357		36,793
Marketable securities, short-term	478,741		657,238
Other current assets	29,788		39,999
Total current assets	713,245		950,829
Marketable securities, long-term	60,434		71,596
Property, plant and equipment, net	181,154		93,806
Other non-current assets	61,476		63,286
Total assets	$	1,016,309	$	1,179,517
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	8,078	$	32,415
Customer deposits	86,140		97,841
Other current liabilities	63,688		55,404
Total current liabilities	157,906		185,660
Non-current liabilities:
Convertible senior notes, net	419,555		417,886
Other non-current liabilities	72,856		70,495
Total liabilities	650,317		674,041
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 28,864,637 and 19,995,449 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	3		2
Additional paid-in capital	2,761,206		2,631,235
Accumulated deficit	(2,396,459)		(2,126,132)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,242		371
Total stockholders' equity	365,992		505,476
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,016,309	$	1,179,517

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue	$	402	$	1,728	$	6,607	$	3,991

Operating expenses:
Spaceline operations	19,874		25,648		69,753		26,200
Research and development	23,937		44,848		124,441		241,292
Selling, general and administrative	33,978		42,218		95,793		144,020
Depreciation and amortization	4,341		3,286		11,296		9,723
Total operating expenses	82,130		116,000		301,283		421,235

Operating loss	(81,728)		(114,272)		(294,676)		(417,244)

Interest income	10,363		12,856		33,779		28,590
Interest expense	(3,233)		(3,221)		(9,690)		(9,648)
Other income, net	163		86		479		164
Loss before income taxes	(74,435)		(104,551)		(270,108)		(398,138)
Income tax expense	105		53		219		215
Net loss	(74,540)		(104,604)		(270,327)		(398,353)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	31		(60)		25		9
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	1,794		1,022		846		6,008
Total comprehensive loss	$	(72,715)	$	(103,642)	$	(269,456)	$	(392,336)

Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(2.66)	$	(5.57)	$	(11.66)	$	(25.20)

Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted	27,973		18,792		23,176		15,809

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	13,769,861	$	1	$	2,111,343	$	(1,623,795)	$	(7,326)	$	480,223
Net loss	—	—		—		(159,385)		—		(159,385)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		3,136		3,136
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		12,976		—		—		12,976
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	25,408	—		(1,870)		—		—		(1,870)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	287,975	—		32,044		—		—		32,044
Transaction costs	—	—		(343)		—		—		(343)
Balance at March 31, 2023	14,083,244	1		2,154,150		(1,783,180)		(4,190)		366,781
Net loss	—	—		—		(134,364)		—		(134,364)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1,919		1,919
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		11,859		—		—		11,859
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	24,254	—		(446)		—		—		(446)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	2,730,529	1		241,392		—		—		241,393
Transaction costs	—	—		(2,601)		—		—		(2,601)
Balance at June 30, 2023	16,838,027	2		2,404,354		(1,917,544)		(2,271)		484,541
Net loss	—	—		—		(104,604)		—		(104,604)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		962		962
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		10,763		—		—		10,763
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	19,256	—		(684)		—		—		(684)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	3,121,812	—		210,708		—		—		210,708
Transaction costs	—	—		(2,327)		—		—		(2,327)
Balance at September 30, 2023	19,979,095	$	2	$	2,622,814	$	(2,022,148)	$	(1,309)	$	599,359

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	19,995,449	$	2	$	2,631,235	$	(2,126,132)	$	371	$	505,476
Net loss	—	—		—		(102,012)		—		(102,012)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(872)		(872)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		8,045		—		—		8,045
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	13,735	—		(269)		—		—		(269)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	254,445	—		7,272		—		—		7,272
Transaction costs	—	—		(58)		—		—		(58)
Balance at March 31, 2024	20,263,629	2		2,646,225		(2,228,144)		(501)		417,582
Net loss	—	—		—		(93,775)		—		(93,775)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(82)		(82)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		8,092		—		—		8,092
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	45,649	—		(601)		—		—		(601)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	3,675,079	—		64,308		—		—		64,308
Transaction costs	—	—		(695)		—		—		(695)
Fractional share adjustment due to reverse stock split	(137)	—		(2)		—		—		(2)
Balance at June 30, 2024	23,984,220	2		2,717,327		(2,321,919)		(583)		394,827
Net loss	—	—		—		(74,540)		—		(74,540)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1,825		1,825
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	—	—		7,445		—		—		7,445
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	24,377	—		(283)		—		—		(283)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	4,856,040	1		37,117		—		—		37,118
Transaction costs	—	—		(400)		—		—		(400)
Balance at September 30, 2024	28,864,637	$	3	$	2,761,206	$	(2,396,459)	$	1,242	$	365,992

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited; in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		$	(270,327)	$	(398,353)
Stock-based compensation		24,040		35,598
Depreciation and amortization		11,296		9,723
Amortization of debt issuance costs		1,669		1,618
Other non-cash items		(13,332)		(6,500)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current and non-current assets		13,624		14,293
Accounts payable		(25,364)		9,019
Customer deposits		(11,701)		(4,724)
Other current and non-current liabilities		(1,573)		(13,558)
Net cash used in operating activities		(271,668)		(352,884)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(86,146)		(25,941)
Purchases of marketable securities		(527,361)		(872,950)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities		729,353		702,346
Other investing activities		598		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		116,444		(196,545)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligations		(149)		(175)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		108,698		484,145
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees on net settled stock-based awards		(1,153)		(3,001)
Transaction costs related to issuance of common stock		(1,046)		(5,106)
Other financing activities		(2)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		106,348		475,863
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(48,876)		(73,566)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		253,592		342,627
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period		$	204,716	$	269,061

Cash and cash equivalents		$	172,359	$	231,030
Restricted cash		32,357		38,031
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		$	204,716	$	269,061

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries ("Virgin Galactic" or the "Company"), is an aerospace and space travel company focused on the development, manufacture and operation of spaceships and related technologies. The Company provides access to space for private individuals, researchers and government agencies. The Company's missions include flying passengers to space, as well as flying scientific payloads and researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and educational purposes.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, in management's opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Statement of Operations Presentation

In July 2023, the Company concluded that technological feasibility had been achieved for its initial spaceship, VSS Unity, and mothership carrier aircraft, VMS Eve, which together comprised the Company’s initial commercial spaceflight system. As a result, future costs associated with this spaceflight system, including the manufacture of related rocket motors, will no longer qualify as research and development activities.

Following the launch of commercial service and achievement of technological feasibility, the Company began presenting the operating expenses supporting the Company’s commercial spaceline activities as spaceline operations expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenses incurred prior to the achievement of technological feasibility were classified as research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Spaceline operations expense includes costs associated with commercial spaceflight services and production costs that are not eligible for capitalization. Spaceline operations expense also includes costs to support the Company’s Future Astronaut community and costs related to payload cargo and engineering services, which were previously presented as customer experience expense.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Reverse Stock Split

On June 14, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of the Company’s common stock issued or outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of common stock. Proportionate adjustments were also made to the exercise prices and the number of shares underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards, as applicable, as well as to the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements. The Reverse Stock Split did not decrease the number of authorized shares of common stock or otherwise affect the par value of the common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who were otherwise entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split were paid cash in lieu thereof. All shares of the Company’s common stock, per-share data and related information included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split had been effected prior to all periods presented.

(2) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The Company maintains certain cash balances restricted as to withdrawal or use. Restricted cash consists of cash deposits received from future astronauts that are contractually restricted for operational use until the condition of carriage is signed or the deposits are refunded.

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and estimated fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	14,286	$	—	$	14,286
Money market	190,430		—		190,430
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	88,928		97		89,025
Corporate bonds	449,099		1,051		450,150
	$	742,743	$	1,148	$	743,891


	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	17,727	$	—	$	17,727
Money market	235,865		—		235,865
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	198,639		44		198,683
Corporate bonds	529,893		258		530,151
	$	982,124	$	302	$	982,426

Interest receivable of $4.5 million and $4.6 million is included in other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company recognizes amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts on its marketable securities in interest income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recognized $4.0 million and $6.0 million in accretion income, net for its marketable securities for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $14.0 million and $8.5 million in accretion income, net for its marketable securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Matures within one year	$	477,800	$	478,741
Matures between one to two years	60,227		60,434
	$	538,027	$	539,175

(3) Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:


		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Land		$	1,302	$	1,302
Buildings		10,111		9,092
Flight vehicles and rotables		4,331		4,074
Machinery and equipment		42,475		39,983
Information technology software and equipment		44,864		43,256
Leasehold improvements		75,415		37,141
Construction in progress		89,002		34,584
		267,500		169,432
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		86,346		75,626
		$	181,154	$	93,806

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(4) Leases

The components of expense related to leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	3,268	$	3,382	$	10,144	$	8,992
Variable lease cost	899		1,559		3,169		2,844
Short-term lease cost	6		127		18		139

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases	50		68		172		199
Interest on finance lease liabilities	16		21		52		60
Total finance lease cost	66		89		224		259
Total lease cost	$	4,239	$	5,157	$	13,555	$	12,234

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	9,868		$	7,050
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	52		$	60
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	149		$	175
Non-cash Activity:
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	4,062		$	13,814
Finance leases	$	29		$	219
Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	9.0			10.0
Finance leases (in years)	2.7			3.2
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases	12.1		%	12.1		%
Finance leases	13.2		%	12.9		%

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating Leases:
Long-term right-of-use assets	$	57,854	$	58,526

Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	5,055	$	4,350
Long-term operating lease liabilities	67,830		68,864
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	73,214

Right-of-use assets are included in other non-current assets, and lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(5) Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Accrued compensation	$	28,327	$	32,179
Accrued manufacturing sub-contractor and contract labor costs	19,486		9,500
Other	15,875		13,725
	$	63,688	$	55,404

(6) Convertible Senior Notes

In January 2022, the Company completed an offering of $425 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes (the "2027 Notes"). The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.50% per year. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2027 Notes mature on February 1, 2027 unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.

The net carrying value of the 2027 Notes is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Principal	$	425,000	$	425,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	5,445		7,114
Net carrying amount	$	419,555	$	417,886

During each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $3.2 million of interest expense on the 2027 Notes. Interest expense included $0.6 million and $0.5 million of amortized debt issuance costs during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $9.6 million of interest expense on the 2027 Notes. Interest expense included $1.7 million and $1.6 million of amortized debt issuance costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(7) Stockholders' Equity

In August 2022, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $300 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2022 ATM Program").

The Company completed the 2022 ATM Program in June 2023, selling a total of 3.0 million shares of common stock and generating $300 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

In June 2023, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with the Agents providing for the offer and sale of up to $400 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2023 ATM Program").

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 8.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program and generated $108.7 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $1.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company sold a total of 12.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program, generating $396.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.9 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains two equity incentive plans -- the Second Amended and Restated Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the "Second A&R Plan") and the Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2023 Employment Inducement Incentive Award Plan (the "Inducement Plan").

The Second A&R Plan was adopted by the Company's board of directors and became effective in April 2024, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders, and was approved by the Company’s stockholders in June 2024. The Second A&R Plan amended and restated the Amended and Restated Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2019 Incentive Plan (the “A&R Plan”) and made the following material changes to the A&R Plan: (i) increased the number of shares available by 0.7 million shares with an aggregate of 2.2 million shares reserved for issuance under the Second A&R Plan, (ii) increased the number of shares which may be granted as incentive stock options (“ISOs”) under the Second A&R Plan, such that an aggregate of 2.2 million shares may be granted as incentive stock options under the Second A&R Plan, and (iii) extended the right to grant awards under the plan through June 12, 2034, provided that incentive stock options may not be granted under the Second A&R Plan after April 18, 2034.

Pursuant to the Second A&R Plan and related predecessor plans, the Company has granted time-based stock options, performance-based stock options ("PSOs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance stock units ("PSUs"). Pursuant to the Inducement Plan, the Company has granted RSUs.

Liability-Classified Stock Awards

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 0.3 million RSUs under the A&R Plan that are expected be settled in cash. Changes in the fair value of these liability-classified awards are reported on a quarterly basis through their final vesting. Expense is recognized over the requisite service period of the award, with recognition of a corresponding liability recorded in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024. Changes in fair value are recognized in stock-based compensation expense.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

A summary of the components of stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Stock option and PSO expense:
Spaceline operations	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	282
Research and development	—		318		—		1,343
Selling, general and administrative	621		1,181		1,821		4,200
Total stock option and PSO expense	621		1,781		1,821		5,825

RSU and PSU expense:
Spaceline operations	1,046		1,545		3,441		1,545
Research and development	1,050		1,579		3,236		6,587
Selling, general and administrative	4,843		5,858		15,542		21,641
Total RSU and PSU expense	6,939		8,982		22,219		29,773
Total stock-based compensation expense	7,560		10,763		24,040		35,598
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards	115		—		458		—
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards	$	7,445	$	10,763	$	23,582	$	35,598

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $1.6 million for stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for PSOs. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of September 30, 2024 for RSUs and PSUs totaled $28.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which are expected to be recognized over weighted-average periods of 2.3 years and 1.2 years, respectively.

(9) Special Charges

In November 2023, the Company commenced a restructuring plan designed to decrease costs and strategically realign its resources. In connection with this plan, the Company announced a workforce reduction constituting approximately 18% of its workforce. As a result, the Company recorded $4.4 million in severance and related benefit costs for the involuntarily terminated employees as special charges during the fourth quarter of 2023.

In January 2024, the Company fully paid the $1.4 million liability balance associated with these costs that was accrued at December 31, 2023.

(10) Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $105,000 and $53,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Income tax expense was $219,000 and $215,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rate was nil for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(11) Earnings Per Share

The following table presents net loss per share and related information:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted:
Net loss	$	(74,540)	$	(104,604)	$	(270,327)	$	(398,353)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	27,973		18,792		23,176		15,809
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(2.66)	$	(5.57)	$	(11.66)	$	(25.20)

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted net loss per share excludes the effect of all potential common shares outstanding as their impact would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company has excluded stock-based awards and shares issuable upon conversion of the 2027 Notes from the diluted loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive. The total number of shares excluded for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were 2.6 million. The total number of shares excluded for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were 2.3 million.

(12) Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements are required to be disclosed within a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair value. Accordingly, assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy in one of the following categories:

• Level 1 inputs — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 inputs — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• Level 3 inputs — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

The following tables present the Company's financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	190,430	$	—	$	—	$	190,430
U.S. treasuries	89,025		—		—		89,025
Corporate bonds	—		450,150		—		450,150
Total assets at fair value	$	279,455	$	450,150	$	—	$	729,605

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	235,865	$	—	$	—	$	235,865
U.S. treasuries	198,683		—		—		198,683
Corporate bonds	—		530,151		—		530,151
Total assets at fair value	$	434,548	$	530,151	$	—	$	964,699

The following tables present the Company's financial liabilities that are recorded at amortized cost, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937

The estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes, which are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the estimated or actual bid prices of the 2027 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last business day of the period.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(13) Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(In thousands)
2024 (for the remaining period)	$	3,353	$	59
2025	13,488		235
2026	13,458		184
2027	13,481		69
2028	13,340		30
Thereafter	65,286		5
Total payments	122,406		582
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	49,521		87
Present value of lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	495

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company applies accounting for contingencies to determine when and how much to accrue for and disclose related to legal and other contingencies. Accordingly, the Company discloses contingencies deemed to be reasonably possible and accrues loss contingencies when, in consultation with legal advisors, it is concluded that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters is subject to many uncertainties and is therefore not predictable with assurance, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, beyond that provided at September 30, 2024, would not be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance with respect to such result, and monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims could differ materially from those projected.

The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation v. the Company

On March 21, 2024, The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a Boeing Company (collectively, “Boeing”), filed suit against the Company in the Eastern District of Virginia, captioned The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a Boeing Company v. Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., Case No. 1:21-cv-03070. In its complaint, Boeing alleges that the Company breached the parties’ Master Agreement. Boeing further alleges trade secret misappropriation under the Delaware Uniform Trade Secrets Act (“DUTSA”), 6 Del C. § 2001, et. seq., and the Defend Trade Secrets Act (“DTSA”), 18 U.S.C. § 1836, et. seq., and filed a motion for preliminary injunction to destroy certain disputed documents. The complaint seeks damages in excess of $25 million, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. On April 12, 2024, the Company filed an answer to Boeing’s complaint and a counterclaim seeking damages relating to Boeing’s breach of the Master Agreement, as well as an opposition to Boeing’s motion for a preliminary injunction.

On April 4, 2024, the Company filed suit against Boeing in the Central District of California. In its complaint, the Company sought: (1) declaratory judgment of no misappropriation of trade secrets under either DUTSA or DTSA by the Company, (2) declaratory judgment of no breach of contract by the Company, and (3) damages related to Boeing’s breach of contract for failure to adequately perform, including incomplete work on design phases of the project. On April 12, 2024, Boeing filed a motion for an anti-suit injunction in connection with the Company’s California suit. On June 6, 2024, the Company voluntarily dismissed the California action without prejudice, electing to pursue its affirmative claims against Boeing by way of the counterclaim filed in the Virginia action, and on that same day the

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Company and Boeing jointly informed the Virginia court that the Company’s voluntary dismissal of the California action without prejudice rendered moot Boeing’s motion for an anti-suit injunction.

A hearing on the motion for a preliminary injunction took place on May 24, 2024. On June 20, 2024, the Court denied the preliminary injunction sought by Boeing, and ordered that the Company could use the disputed documents internally, and with third parties under a non-disclosure agreement, for the purpose of developing a new mothership.

On October 2, 2024, Boeing and the Company executed a “Material Terms of Settlement Agreement,” endorsed by Magistrate Judge Lindsey R. Vaala of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, by which they agreed to resolve all disputes between them relating to the lawsuits. The parties entered into a final Settlement Agreement effective October 31, 2024, and the litigation was dismissed in its entirety on November 4, 2024. The Company has reflected a benefit associated with this settlement in research and development expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Lavin v. the Company

On May 28, 2021, a class action complaint was filed against the Company in the Eastern District of New York captioned Lavin v. Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., Case No. 1:21-cv-03070. In September 2021, the Court appointed Robert Scheele and Mark Kusnier as co-lead plaintiffs for the purported class. Co-lead plaintiffs amended the complaint in December 2021, asserting violations of Sections 10(b), 20(a) and 20A of the Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors on behalf of a putative class of investors who purchased the Company's common stock between July 10, 2019 and October 14, 2021.

The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors made false and misleading statements and failed to disclose certain information regarding the safety of the Company's ships and success of its commercial flight program. Co-lead plaintiffs seek damages, interest, costs, expenses, attorneys' fees, and other unspecified equitable relief. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint and, on November 7, 2022, the court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion and gave the plaintiffs leave to file a further amended complaint.

Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint on December 12, 2022. The second amended complaint contains many of the same allegations as in the first amended complaint. The defendants moved to dismiss the second amended complaint and, on August 8, 2023, the court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion and did not give plaintiffs leave to file a further amended complaint. Plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the court’s dismissal order and, on December 19, 2023, the court denied plaintiffs’ motion. On March 27, 2024, the defendants moved for judgment on the pleadings as to the remaining Section 10(b) insider trading claim alleged against Branson. On April 2, 2024, the court stayed briefing on defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings pending resolution of plaintiffs’ anticipated motion for leave to add a new representative plaintiff, which plaintiffs’ subsequently filed on May 1, 2024. The court granted plaintiffs’ motion on July 2, 2024. On July 8, 2024, defendants withdrew their motion for judgment on the pleadings.

On August 21, 2024, plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint in which Xinqiang Cui, Justin Carlough, Jennifer Ortiz, Richard O’Keefe-Jones, Vipul Gupta, Maria Josephine Rosales, and Hesham Ibrahim (previously named plaintiffs), were designated by plaintiffs as lead plaintiffs (in addition to Robert Scheele and Mark Kusnier), and an additional named plaintiff was added. The third amended complaint contains substantively the same allegations as in the second amended complaint. On September 11, 2024, defendants filed an answer to plaintiffs’ third amended complaint. The Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against this matter.

Spiteri, Grenier, Laidlaw, and St. Jean derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On February 21, 2022, March 1, 2022, September 21, 2022, and December 13, 2022, four alleged shareholders filed separate derivative complaints purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors in the Eastern District of New York captioned Spiteri v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

cv-00933 (“Spiteri Action”), Grenier v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-01100 (“Grenier Action”), Laidlaw v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-05634 (“Laidlaw Action”), and St. Jean v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-7551 (“St. Jean Action”), respectively. On May 4, 2022, the Spiteri and Grenier Actions were consolidated and recaptioned In re Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 1:22-cv-00933 (“Consolidated Derivative Action”). On September 30, 2023, the Laidlaw Action was consolidated into the Consolidated Derivative Action. Collectively, the complaints assert violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a), and 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934 and claims of breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above. The complaints seek an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The cases are at a preliminary stage.

Abughazaleh derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On February 13, 2023, alleged shareholder Yousef Abughazaleh filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors in the District of Delaware captioned Abughazaleh v. Branson et al., Case No. 23-156-MN. The complaint asserts violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 14a-9, and claims of breach of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

Molnar and Tubbs derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On April 9, 2024, alleged shareholders Crystal Molnar and Cleveland Tubbs filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company's current and former officers and directors in the Central District of California captioned Molnar v. Branson et al., Case No. 8:24-cv-775. The complaint asserts violations of Section 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, and claims of breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees, and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

Gera derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On July 11, 2024, alleged shareholder Samhita Gera filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors in the Eastern District of New York captioned Gera v. Branson et al., Case No. 24-cv-04795. The complaint asserts violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 14a-9, and claims of breach of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(14) Related Party Transactions

The Company licenses its brand name from certain entities affiliated with Virgin Enterprises Limited (“VEL”), a company incorporated in England. VEL is an affiliate of the Company. Under the trademark license, the Company has the exclusive right to operate under the brand name “Virgin Galactic” worldwide. Royalties payable, excluding sponsorship royalties, are the greater of (a) a low single-digit percentage of gross sales and (b) (i) prior to the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a mid-five figure amount in dollars and (ii) from the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a low-six figure amount in dollars, which increases to a low-seven figure amount in dollars over a four-year ramp up and thereafter increases in correlation with the consumer price index. Royalties payable on sponsorships are based on a mid-double-digit percentage of the related gross sales. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred royalty expenses of $1.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

(15) Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash payments for:
Income taxes	$	250	$	533
Interest	5,313		10,625

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment	$	13,275	$	2,512
Transfer of inventory to rotables in property, plant and equipment	—		2,681
Issuance of common stock through RSUs vested	2,220		8,740

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” "Virgin Galactic," “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto, and the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K"). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under the “Risk Factors” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 and under the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are an aerospace and space travel company offering access to space for private individuals, researchers and government agencies. Our missions include flying passengers to space, as well as flying scientific payloads and researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and educational purposes. Our operations include the design and development, manufacturing, ground and flight testing, spaceflight operation, and post-flight maintenance of our spaceflight system. Our spaceflight system was developed using our proprietary technology and processes and is focused on providing space experiences for private astronauts, researcher flights and professional astronaut training. We have also leveraged our knowledge and expertise in manufacturing spaceships to occasionally perform engineering services for third parties.

Recent Developments

In June 2024, we completed our second spaceflight of 2024 and seventh commercial spaceflight to date, 'Galactic 07,' carrying one researcher and three private astronauts. Following the 'Galactic 07' flight, we paused Unity spaceflights and expect to re-commence flying with test flights of our new Delta Class spaceships in advance of restarting commercial service, which is expected to begin in 2026.

On June 12, 2024, at the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved, and on June 14, 2024, we effected, a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”), and our common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on June 17, 2024. Prior to the Reverse Stock Split, on May 29, 2024, we received a notice from the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) that we were no longer in compliance with Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (“Section 802.01C”), which requires listed companies to maintain an average closing price per share of at least $1.00 over a 30 consecutive trading-day period. Following the Reverse Stock Split, on July 1, 2024, we received a letter from the NYSE stating that we regained compliance with Section 802.01C.

All shares of our common stock, per-share data and related information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split had been effected prior to all periods presented.

In July 2024, we completed our new manufacturing facility in Mesa, Arizona, where final assembly of our next-generation Delta Class spaceships is scheduled to begin in 2025. After the initial development of our first Delta Class spaceship, we estimate the recurring cost to make each additional spaceship to be between $50 and $60 million.

In October 2024, we settled the lawsuit and all claims between us and The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a Boeing Company. See Note 13 in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below, as well as in Part 1, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K titled “Risk Factors” and in Part II, Item 1A. in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

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Customer Demand

We have already received significant interest from potential astronauts. Going forward, we expect the size of our backlog and the number of astronauts that have flown to space on our spaceflight system to be an important indicator of our future performance. As of September 30, 2024, we have reservations for spaceflights for approximately 700 future astronauts, which represent approximately $194 million in expected future spaceflight revenue upon completion of the spaceflights.

Available Capacity and Annual Flight Rate

We commenced our commercial operations with VSS Unity and VMS Eve, which together comprised our initial commercial spaceflight system. Our annual flight rate is constrained by the availability and capacity of this commercial spaceflight system. To expand capacity, we are currently developing our next-generation spaceflight vehicles. These next-generation spaceflight vehicles, which include our Delta Class spaceships and additional motherships, are expected to dramatically increase our annual flight rate.

During the third quarter of 2024, we completed a number of significant milestones related to the design phase of our Delta Class spaceships, including the completion of a majority of the manufacturing designs. These achievements will enable us to deploy some of our engineers from the Delta program to the design of our new mothership. We anticipate these additional engineering and design resources, together with the infusion of additional growth capital, could enable us to deploy our new mothership for commercial service in 2028.

Safety Performance of Our Spaceflight Systems

Our spaceflight systems are highly specialized with sophisticated and complex technology. We have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and servicing of our spaceflight systems meet rigorous quality standards. However, our spaceflight systems are still subject to operational and process risks, such as manufacturing and design issues, human errors, or cyber-attacks. Any actual or perceived safety issues may result in significant reputational harm to our business and our ability to generate spaceflight revenue.

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparisons of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Revenue	$	402	$	1,728	$	6,607	$	3,991

Operating expenses:
Spaceline operations	19,874		25,648		69,753		26,200
Research and development	23,937		44,848		124,441		241,292
Selling, general and administrative	33,978		42,218		95,793		144,020
Depreciation and amortization	4,341		3,286		11,296		9,723
Total operating expenses	82,130		116,000		301,283		421,235

Operating loss	(81,728)		(114,272)		(294,676)		(417,244)

Interest income	10,363		12,856		33,779		28,590
Interest expense	(3,233)		(3,221)		(9,690)		(9,648)
Other income, net	163		86		479		164
Loss before income taxes	(74,435)		(104,551)		(270,108)		(398,138)
Income tax expense	105		53		219		215
Net loss	$	(74,540)	$	(104,604)	$	(270,327)	$	(398,353)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Revenue	$	402	$	1,728	$	(1,326)	(77)	%	$	6,607	$	3,991	$	2,616	66	%

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to membership fees related to our Future Astronaut community. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to revenue generated from our commercial spaceflights and membership fees related to our Future Astronaut community.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were primarily attributable to revenue generated from our commercial spaceflights and membership fees related to our Future Astronaut community.

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Spaceline Operations


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Spaceline operations	$	19,874	$	25,648	$	(5,774)	(23)	%	$	69,753	$	26,200	$	43,553	166	%

Spaceline operations expense includes costs to maintain and operate our spaceflight system; non-capitalizable costs to build our new vehicles and manufacture items required to support the making of our vehicles, such as rocket motors and spare parts; the consumption of rocket motors, fuel and other consumables; costs to maintain and support our Future Astronaut community; and costs to provide payload cargo and engineering services.

Following the launch of commercial service and achievement of technological feasibility in July 2023, we began presenting the operating expenses supporting our commercial spaceline activities as spaceline operations expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Prior to achievement of technological feasibility, spaceline operations expense included costs to support our Future Astronaut community and costs related to payload cargo and engineering services, which were previously presented as customer experience expense.

Spaceline operations expense decreased from $25.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $19.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $5.4 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs primarily due to a reduction in headcount and labor allocated to capitalizable projects.

Spaceline operations expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, following achievement of technological feasibility in July 2023, were primarily attributable to costs to maintain and operate our spaceflight system; non-capitalizable costs to build our new vehicles and manufacture items required to support the making of our vehicles; and costs to maintain and support our Future Astronaut community.

Research and Development


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Research and development	$	23,937	$	44,848	$	(20,911)	(47)	%	$	124,441	$	241,292	$	(116,851)	(48)	%

Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to support activities that advance our future fleet towards commercialization, including basic research, applied research, concept formulation studies, design, development, and related testing activities. Research and development costs will consist primarily of equipment, material, and labor costs (including from third-party contractors) for designing the spaceflight system’s structure, spaceflight propulsion system, and flight profiles for our next-generation spaceships and motherships, as well as allocated facilities and other supporting overhead costs.

Research and development expenses decreased from $44.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $23.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by the settlement of certain disputed vendor invoices, resulting in a reversal of $18.6 million of accrued costs, a $6.2 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs primarily due to a reduction in headcount and the completion of the modifications of VSS Unity and VMS Eve in July 2023, and a $2.1 million decrease in materials, consulting, and other costs primarily due to the completion of the VSS Unity and VMS Eve modifications. These decreases were partially offset by an $8.1 million increase in sub-contractor and contract labor costs associated with the development of our next-generation spaceflight vehicles.

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Research and development expenses decreased from $241.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $124.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $48.2 million decrease in materials, consulting, and other costs primarily due to the completion of the VSS Unity and VMS Eve modifications, a $47.8 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs primarily due to the completion of the VSS Unity and VMS Eve modifications and a reduction in headcount, the settlement of certain disputed vendor invoices, resulting in a reversal of $18.6 million of accrued costs, an $8.3 million decrease in other operational costs primarily due to a technology license fee expensed in 2023, and a $4.7 million decrease in stock-based compensation. These decreases were partially offset by an $18.6 million increase in sub-contractor and contract labor costs associated with the development of our next-generation spaceflight vehicles.

Selling, General and Administrative


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Selling, general and administrative	$	33,978	$	42,218	$	(8,240)	(20)	%	$	95,793	$	144,020	$	(48,227)	(33)	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and other employee benefit costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive management and administration, accounting, finance, legal, information technology, sales and marketing, and human resources. Non-compensation components of selling, general and administrative expenses include accounting, legal and other professional fees, facilities expenses, and other corporate expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from $42.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $34.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $3.7 million decrease in marketing and promotion expense and a $3.7 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs primarily due to a reduction in headcount.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from $144.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $95.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $30.7 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs primarily due to a reduction in headcount, a $8.7 million decrease in consulting and other professional fees, a $4.2 million decrease in marketing and promotion expense, and a $2.0 million decrease in facility costs.

Depreciation and Amortization


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,341	$	3,286	$	1,055	32	%	$	11,296	$	9,723	$	1,573	16	%

Depreciation and amortization expense increased from $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased from $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

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Interest Income


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Interest income	$	10,363	$	12,856	$	(2,493)	(19)	%	$	33,779	$	28,590	$	5,189	18	%

Interest income decreased from $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to $10.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by decreased average balances of marketable securities and deposits in interest-bearing accounts.

Interest income increased from $28.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily driven by higher investment returns on marketable securities and higher interest rates on deposits in interest-bearing accounts, partially offset by decreased average balances of marketable securities and deposits in interest-bearing accounts.

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				$ Change		% Change
	2024		2023						2024		2023
	(In thousands, except %)
Interest expense	$	3,233	$	3,221	$	12	—	%	$	9,690	$	9,648	$	42	—	%

Interest expense was $3.2 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Interest expense increased from $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest expense primarily consists of interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. We have accumulated net operating losses at the U.S. federal and state levels. We maintain a full valuation allowance against our net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The income tax expense is primarily related to corporate income taxes for our operations in the United Kingdom, which operates on a cost-plus arrangement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $204.7 million and marketable securities of $539.2 million. Our principal sources of liquidity have come from sales of our common stock and offering of convertible senior notes ("2027 Notes").

Historical Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(271,668)	$	(352,884)
Investing activities	116,444		(196,545)
Financing activities	106,348		475,863
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(48,876)	$	(73,566)

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Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $271.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of $270.3 million of net losses, adjusted for non-cash items, which included stock-based compensation expense of $24.0 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $11.3 million, partially offset by $11.7 million of other non-cash items and $25.0 million of cash used from changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $352.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and consisted primarily of $398.4 million of net losses, adjusted for non-cash items, which primarily included stock-based compensation expense of $35.6 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $9.7 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $116.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of $729.4 million in proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities, partially offset by $527.4 million in purchases of marketable securities and $86.1 million in capital expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities was $196.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and consisted of $873.0 million in purchases of marketable securities and $25.9 million in capital expenditures, partially offset by $702.3 million in proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $106.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of net cash proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock of $107.7 million, partially offset by tax withholdings paid for net settled stock-based awards of $1.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $475.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and consisted primarily of net cash proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock of $479.0 million, partially offset by tax withholdings paid for net settled stock-based awards of $3.0 million.

Funding Requirements

We expect our expenditures to fluctuate in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to advance the development of our next-generation spaceflight system and leverage investments in capital expenditures.

As our fleet of spaceships expands, we expect our expenditures to increase as we scale our commercial operations. Specifically, our long-term expenditures will increase as we:

•scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities to support expanding our fleet with additional spaceships, carrier aircraft and rocket motors in connection with commercialization;

•hire additional personnel in manufacturing operations, testing programs, maintenance operations and guest services as we increase the volume of our spaceflights;

•scale up required operational facilities, such as hangars and warehouses; and

•establish our astronaut campus in New Mexico.

We expect our arrangements with third-party providers to manufacture key subassemblies for our next-generation spaceships and for the design and manufacture of our next-generation carrier aircraft will require significant capital expenditures. Certain estimated amounts in connection with third-party arrangements are subject to future negotiations and cannot be estimated with reasonable certainty.

We believe that our current capital is adequate to sustain our operations for at least the next twelve months. Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control. While we have completed our initial commercial launch with a single spaceship, we are currently developing our next-generation spaceflight vehicles. We anticipate the costs to manufacture additional vehicles will begin to decrease as we continue to scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities.

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Issuances of Common Stock

In August 2022, we entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $300 million of shares of our common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2022 ATM Program").

We completed the 2022 ATM Program in June 2023, selling a total of 3.0 million shares of common stock and generating $300 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

In June 2023, we entered into a distribution agency agreement with the Agents providing for the offer and sale of up to $400 million of shares of our common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2023 ATM Program").

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 8.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program and generated $108.7 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $1.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

As of September 30, 2024, we sold a total of 12.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program, generating $396.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.9 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

Liquidity Outlook

For at least the next twelve months, we expect our principal demand for funds will be for our ongoing activities described above. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements primarily through our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand. We believe we will have sufficient liquidity available to fund our business needs, commitments and contractual obligations for the next twelve months.

Beyond the next twelve months, our principal demand for funds will be to sustain our operations, operate our spaceline at Spaceport America in New Mexico, and expand our fleet of spaceships, motherships, and supporting facilities. We expect to generate revenue from our spaceflight program, which is expected to restart in 2026. To the extent this source of capital as well as sources of capital described above are insufficient to meet our needs, we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing.

The commercial launch of our spaceflight program and the anticipated expansion of our fleet have unpredictable costs and are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, that may affect the timing and magnitude of these anticipated expenditures. Some of these risk and uncertainties are described in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business.”

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Except as set forth in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations and commitments as described in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies referred to below have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements and, therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Accordingly, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared to those previously disclosed in "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" included in Part II, Item 7.

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"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to our market risks compared to those previously disclosed in Part II, Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits and other proceedings may involve highly complex issues that are subject to substantial uncertainties, and could result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions or relief. However, we do not consider any such claims, lawsuits or proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition or cash flows. See Note 13 in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described as risk factors, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual operating results and financial condition to vary materially from past, or anticipated future, operating results and financial condition. For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024 and in Part I, Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

Item 6. Exhibits

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

3.1

10/29/2019

3.1(a)

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation

8-K

001-38202

3.1

6/14/2024

3.2

Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

3.1

3/14/2024

10.1

Amendment Number 3 to Master Agreement, dated as of September 3 , 202 4 , by and between Virgin Galactic, LLC and Qarbon Aerospace (Foundation), LLC(1)

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Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

(1) Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “[***]”) have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item (601)(b)(10). Additionally, certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(a)(5). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.

Date: November 6, 2024		/s/ Michael Colglazier
	Name:	Michael Colglazier
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 6, 2024		/s/ Douglas Ahrens
	Name:	Douglas Ahrens
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

[***] Certain information in this document has been excluded pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item (601)(b)(10). Such excluded information is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDMENT NUMBER 3 TO

THE MASTER AGREEMENT

This Amendment Number 3 (“Amendment 3”) to the Master Agreement dated October 28, 2022 (“Master Agreement”) and as amended on June 13, 2023 (“Amendment 1”) is entered into as of September 3, 2024 (“Amendment 3 Effective Date”), between Qarbon Aerospace (Foundation), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company having a place of business at 300 S. Austin Blvd, Red Oak, Texas, 75154 (“Supplier”) and Virgin Galactic, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, having a place of business at 1700 Flight Way Tustin, California, 92782 (“Buyer”). Buyer and Supplier may also mean respectively, individually or collectively, “Party” or “Parties.”

WHEREAS, the Parties originally entered into the Master Agreement under which Buyer would purchase, and Supplier would sell goods and services in support of Buyer’s “Delta” class spaceships (the “Program”); and

WHEREAS, the Parties desire to amend certain terms and conditions of the Master Agreement and Amendment 1.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1.1INTERPRETATION

1.2Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this Amendment 3 have the meaning set forth in the Agreement.

1.1AMENDMENTS TO THE MASTER AGREEMENT

1.2Amendment to Authorized Representatives. Section 22 (“Authorized Representatives”), as set forth in Amendment 2 is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following language:

22.AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES

A.Authorized Representatives (authorized to commit their respective companies). See below:

Buyer:

[***]

Buyer:

[***]

Buyer:

[***]

Buyer:

[***]

Supplier:

[***]

Supplier:

[***]

Supplier:

[***]

B. Authorized Technical Representatives (not authorized to commit their companies contractually.) None.

1.3Changes. Article 23 (“Changes”) as set forth in the Master Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following language:

23. CHANGES

A.Changes to the terms and conditions of this Master Agreement, including any Attachment, may only be made by mutual agreement of Authorized Representatives of Buyer and Supplier designated in Paragraph A of Article 22 (“Authorized Representatives”). Such Changes shall be reduced to writing in the form of and be referred to as an “Amendment” to this Agreement. Exceptions to this requirement are updates to the following Exhibits in accordance with other provisions of this Master Agreement:

1.Exhibit E (Background IP Schedule)

2.Exhibit G (Inventory of Buyer-Furnished Property, Consumable Material and Tooling)

3.Exhibit I (List of Subcontractors)

C.Change Log Process: Changes to the terms and conditions of any Task Order, including any change to the Statement of Work, other than Changes in engineering as set forth in subsection E of this Article 23, may only be made by an Buyer’s Authorized Representative designated in Paragraph A of Article 22 (“Authorized Representative”) when Buyer’s

Authorized Representative’s email responds to Supplier’s Authorized Representative’s email that the Change is approved (“Approval Email”). Such Approval Email authorizes Supplier to proceed with such Change and to incur costs to incorporate the Change. Such Change will subsequently be officially posted by Buyer into the Change Log that is set forth in each applicable Task Order. For avoidance of doubt, the Change request begins with a verbal conversation or written communication between the Parties, followed by Supplier providing the following information, if available and/or if applicable at that time, in email to Buyer’s Authorized Representative(s):

•Buyer provided Change #;

•Originator Of Requested Change (Buyer or Supplier);

•Description of Change;

•Date Received;

•Authorization Need By Date, if applicable;

•Supplier Contract Letter, if applicable;

•Buyer Approval Email Authorization Date;

•Initial ROM (see definition below);

•Final Cost Estimate, When Available means Actuals plus Estimate To Complete;

•Schedule Impact Estimate, if applicable;

•Buyer’s WBS Number(s) Impacted; and,

•Additional Notes.

When the Buyer’s Authorized Representative provides an Approval Email to Supplier, the Buyer’s Authorized Representative shall document the Change in the Change Log and then post the Change which may be viewable on Buyer’s FTP site within ten (10) business days.

B.Change Log Details: The official Change Log will reside on the Buyer’s FTP site in “read only” mode allowing Supplier access to review it. A sample of a Task Order customized Change Log shall be attached to the applicable Task Order as an exhibit. Supplier shall provide an initial Rough Order Magnitude (“ROM”) estimate of costs associated with an authorized change. Supplier will provide an updated Expenditure Profile/Estimated at Completion (“EAC”) that incorporates the Supplier’s ROM impact at Supplier’s next reporting cycle. The costs reflected in the Change Log will be Supplier’s ROM until Supplier is able to provide a more discrete estimate of its costs to incorporate the Change. Buyer will then update the Change Log to reflect

Supplier’s more precise estimate, and Supplier will provide an updated EAC at Supplier’s next reporting cycle. Additionally, engineering design changes released via the Parties’ official FTP site and/or 3DX will be captured in the official EAC. Changes in engineering design shall not be placed in the Change Log as set forth in Article 23(E).

C.Integrated Master Schedule (“IMS”) Adjustments: The Supplier shall update the IMS on a weekly basis to reflect the Changes. The IMS shall also include status on items not changed. The IMS shall be forwarded by Supplier to Buyer.

D.Changes in Engineering: Release of initial and subsequent revised engineering to Supplier through FTP or 3DX, including engineering Changes, shall authorize Supplier to proceed with the work necessary to incorporate such Changes (“Releases”). Supplier shall not work on any engineering Change until either Supplier receives revised released engineering through FTP or 3DX. Such revised release of engineering authorizes Supplier to incur the reasonable costs to perform the work necessary to incorporate the Changes. Buyer will send Supplier a courtesy email notifying Supplier of initial or revised engineering Releases that are posted in either FTP or 3DX.

E.Stop Work: If Buyer issues a stop work order under the SQRM, which stop work shall not extend beyond 60 days without mutual agreement of the Parties, and such stop work order adversely impacts Supplier’s cost and performance of Task Orders, the Parties shall agree on an equitable adjustment to price and/or schedule, as applicable.

1.4Amendment to Subsection 4 of Article 4 (“For Task Order 2 (Labor Calculations)”) as set forth in Amendment 1 is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following language:

4. For Task Order 2 (Labor Calculations). For labor, Supplier shall be compensated by Buyer on an hourly-rate basis for the actual labor hours incurred by Supplier for its performance of a Task Order utilizing the [***]. Supplier will provide a report of its actual hours incurred and invoice, for the preceding two-week period on the following Thursday after close of each pay period, and continuing every other Thursday thereafter through the term of the Task Order (herein “Pay Period Actuals”) along with Supplier’s invoice for the actual labor hours expended. The amount of such invoice will be calculated by multiplying the Pay Period Actual hours by the hourly rates specified in the applicable Task Order. Labor hours will not be made available by individual or at a level of detail where the hours of a specific individual are discernible.

1.5Amendment to Subsection B.6 of Article 18 (Termination for Convenience) as set forth in Amendment 1 Subsection B.6 is deleted in its entirety.

1.6Amendment to Exhibit A Definitions as set forth in the Master Agreement Section 8 (“Change”) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following language:

8. “Change” has the meaning set forth in Article 23 (Changes) based upon the usage. A Change or Changes may be made to the Master Agreement and documented in the form of an Amendment. A Change or Changes may be made to a Task Order as provided in Article 23.

1.7Amendment to Exhibit C. Governance. The following subsections are hereby deleted in their entirety and replaced with the following:

1.1.1.1 Key Performance Parameters (KPPs)

The KPPs are stakeholder objectives that represent the attributes that would constitute program success. As Design Authority, Buyer will approve the values for KPPs. Through the execution of the Delta Program, Supplier will track and report on status through the highest fidelity means available at the time. In the event that current best estimates indicate nonconformance to a KPP value, Supplier will present mitigation or change options to Buyer for disposition and approval by the Authorized Representative as set forth in Agreement’s Section 22.

1.1.1.4 Governing Documents

Governing Documents are the artifacts that define the overarching approach for how the Delta Program will be managed and how the development will be executed.

The responsibility for developing the content for all the Governing Documents will be agreed by the Parties and for each Governing Document, Buyer will review and approve the plan and approach at the prescribed time of release. Governing Documents are released upon Approval by Buyer. If a Governing Document prepared by Supplier contains references to other documents those documents will be provided to Buyer for review. For draft versions of Governing Documents prepared by Supplier, Buyer will provide feedback in writing in the timeline specified in the IMS and understand that draft versions of the Governing Documents may be used by Supplier to continue to efficiently make progress.

Assumptions are part of Governing Documents. After the completion of lifecycle reviews, changes in assumptions must be flowed back into the relevant Governing Documents and by mutual agreement set forth in the Change Log Process.

After a Governing Document is approved, the Governing Document will be managed through the configuration management process. Changes to Governing Documents that have been released will be sent to Buyer for review and approval in accordance with the needs of the IMS. Upon approval, the Governing Document will be released with a new revision designation consistent with the configuration management revision process (e.g., Rev Y, Rev Z, Rev AA).

1.1.3Cost and Schedule Baseline Management

Schedule Baseline Management:

1.The IMS is developed in conjunction with the IPTs (including subcontracts) and reflects the scope of work for the Program. Integration between IPTs takes place through a giver/receiver process. The IMS dated June 7, 2023 is the mutually agreed and approved schedule baseline.

2.Schedule status (e.g., no narrative) will be delivered weekly to Buyer.

3.Performance analysis and metrics will be provided monthly in accordance with Section 2 of the Schedule Reporting of Section 1.3.7.2.1 below.

4.Changes to the schedule baseline will be formally documented. Any change that impacts the Program milestones or impacts another IPT must be reviewed with Buyer.

1.3.4 Configuration Management

Details regarding the technical approaches, processes, and strategies for engineering are defined in the Delta Program Engineering Management Plan (EMP) DOC-[***] and Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) DOC [***].

1.1.1.4 Data Sharing and Data Access

The Buyer’s 3DX production environment will serve as the master repository for Spaceship Delta Program Design Data. Files may also be exchanged through use of the Buyer file transfer portal (“FTP”) site on a case-by-case basis, as required.

3.0 GENERAL MATTERS

1.1Unless otherwise set out herein, all amendments to the Master Agreement, as previously amended, set out in this Amendment 3 will be made effective as of the Amendment 3 Effective Date.

1.2Except as amended hereby, all other terms and conditions of the Master Agreement, as previously amended, remain unchanged and in full force and effect.

1.3Where there is a conflict between the terms of this Amendment 3 and the terms of the Master Agreement, the terms of this Amendment 3 will prevail but only to the extent of resolving such conflict.

1.4This Amendment 3 may be executed in several counterparts, all of which taken together will constitute a single agreement between the Parties.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties have executed this Amendment 3 to be effective as of the Amendment 3 Effective Date.


Virgin Galactic, LLC						Qarbon Aerospace (Foundation), LLC

By: /s/ Michael Colglazier						By: /s/ Michael Canario

Name: Michael Colglazier						Name: Michael Canario

Title: CEO						Title: CEO

Date: 9/05/24						Date: 9/05/24

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Michael Colglazier, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


November 6, 2024						/s/ Michael Colglazier
						Michael Colglazier
						Chief Executive Officer
						(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15(d)-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Douglas Ahrens, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.;

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


November 6, 2024						/s/ Douglas Ahrens
						Douglas Ahrens
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael Colglazier, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.


November 6, 2024						/s/ Michael Colglazier
						Michael Colglazier
						Chief Executive Officer
						(Principal Executive Officer)

This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Douglas Ahrens, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.


November 6, 2024						/s/ Douglas Ahrens
						Douglas Ahrens
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38202
Entity Registrant Name	Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	85-3608069
Entity Address, Address Line One	1700 Flight Way
Entity Address, City or Town	Tustin
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92782
City Area Code	(949)
Local Phone Number	774-7640
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	SPCE
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		28,875,495
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Entity Central Index Key	0001706946
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 172,359	$ 216,799
Restricted cash	32,357	36,793
Marketable securities, short-term	478,741	657,238
Other current assets	29,788	39,999
Total current assets	713,245	950,829
Marketable securities, long-term	60,434	71,596
Property, plant and equipment, net	181,154	93,806
Other non-current assets	61,476	63,286
Total assets	1,016,309	1,179,517
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	8,078	32,415
Customer deposits	86,140	97,841
Other current liabilities	63,688	55,404
Total current liabilities	157,906	185,660
Non-current liabilities:
Convertible senior notes, net	419,555	417,886
Other non-current liabilities	72,856	70,495
Total liabilities	650,317	674,041
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 28,864,637 and 19,995,449 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	3	2
Additional paid-in capital	2,761,206	2,631,235
Accumulated deficit	(2,396,459)	(2,126,132)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,242	371
Total stockholders' equity	365,992	505,476
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,016,309	$ 1,179,517

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	700,000,000	700,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	28,864,637	19,995,449
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	28,864,637	19,995,449

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 402	$ 1,728	$ 6,607	$ 3,991
Operating expenses:
Spaceline operations	19,874	25,648	69,753	26,200
Research and development	23,937	44,848	124,441	241,292
Selling, general and administrative	33,978	42,218	95,793	144,020
Depreciation and amortization	4,341	3,286	11,296	9,723
Total operating expenses	82,130	116,000	301,283	421,235
Operating loss	(81,728)	(114,272)	(294,676)	(417,244)
Interest income	10,363	12,856	33,779	28,590
Interest expense	(3,233)	(3,221)	(9,690)	(9,648)
Other income, net	163	86	479	164
Loss before income taxes	(74,435)	(104,551)	(270,108)	(398,138)
Income tax expense	105	53	219	215
Net loss	(74,540)	(104,604)	(270,327)	(398,353)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	31	(60)	25	9
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	1,794	1,022	846	6,008
Total comprehensive loss	$ (72,715)	$ (103,642)	$ (269,456)	$ (392,336)
Net loss per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (2.66)	$ (5.57)	$ (11.66)	$ (25.20)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (2.66)	$ (5.57)	$ (11.66)	$ (25.20)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	27,973	18,792	23,176	15,809
Diluted (in shares)	27,973	18,792	23,176	15,809

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		13,769,861
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 480,223	$ 1	$ 2,111,343	$ (1,623,795)	$ (7,326)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(159,385)			(159,385)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,136				3,136
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	12,976		12,976
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		25,408
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(1,870)		(1,870)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		287,975
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	32,044		32,044
Transaction costs	(343)		(343)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		14,083,244
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	366,781	$ 1	2,154,150	(1,783,180)	(4,190)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		13,769,861
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	480,223	$ 1	2,111,343	(1,623,795)	(7,326)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(398,353)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		19,979,095
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	599,359	$ 2	2,622,814	(2,022,148)	(1,309)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		14,083,244
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	366,781	$ 1	2,154,150	(1,783,180)	(4,190)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(134,364)			(134,364)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,919				1,919
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	11,859		11,859
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		24,254
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(446)		(446)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		2,730,529
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	241,393	$ 1	241,392
Transaction costs	(2,601)		(2,601)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		16,838,027
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	484,541	$ 2	2,404,354	(1,917,544)	(2,271)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(104,604)			(104,604)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	962				962
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	10,763		10,763
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		19,256
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(684)		(684)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		3,121,812
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	210,708		210,708
Transaction costs	(2,327)		(2,327)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		19,979,095
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 599,359	$ 2	2,622,814	(2,022,148)	(1,309)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	19,995,449	19,995,449
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 505,476	$ 2	2,631,235	(2,126,132)	371
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(102,012)			(102,012)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(872)				(872)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	8,045		8,045
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		13,735
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(269)		(269)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		254,445
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	7,272		7,272
Transaction costs	(58)		(58)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		20,263,629
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 417,582	$ 2	2,646,225	(2,228,144)	(501)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	19,995,449	19,995,449
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 505,476	$ 2	2,631,235	(2,126,132)	371
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	$ (270,327)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	28,864,637	28,864,637
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 365,992	$ 3	2,761,206	(2,396,459)	1,242
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		20,263,629
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024	417,582	$ 2	2,646,225	(2,228,144)	(501)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(93,775)			(93,775)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(82)				(82)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	8,092		8,092
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		45,649
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(601)		(601)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		3,675,079
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	64,308		64,308
Transaction costs	(695)		(695)
Fractional share adjustment due to reverse stock split (in shares)		(137)
Fractional share adjustment due to reverse stock split	(2)		(2)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		23,984,220
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024	394,827	$ 2	2,717,327	(2,321,919)	(583)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(74,540)			(74,540)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,825				1,825
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards	7,445		7,445
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes (in shares)		24,377
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes	(283)		(283)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering (in shares)		4,856,040
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering	37,118	$ 1	37,117
Transaction costs	$ (400)		(400)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	28,864,637	28,864,637
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 365,992	$ 3	$ 2,761,206	$ (2,396,459)	$ 1,242

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (270,327)	$ (398,353)
Stock-based compensation	24,040	35,598
Depreciation and amortization	11,296	9,723
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,669	1,618
Other non-cash items	(13,332)	(6,500)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current and non-current assets	13,624	14,293
Accounts payable	(25,364)	9,019
Customer deposits	(11,701)	(4,724)
Other current and non-current liabilities	(1,573)	(13,558)
Net cash used in operating activities	(271,668)	(352,884)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(86,146)	(25,941)
Purchases of marketable securities	(527,361)	(872,950)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities	729,353	702,346
Other investing activities	598	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	116,444	(196,545)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligations	(149)	(175)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	108,698	484,145
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees on net settled stock-based awards	(1,153)	(3,001)
Transaction costs related to issuance of common stock	(1,046)	(5,106)
Other financing activities	(2)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	106,348	475,863
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(48,876)	(73,566)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	253,592	342,627
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	204,716	269,061
Cash and cash equivalents	172,359	231,030
Restricted cash	32,357	38,031
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 204,716	$ 269,061

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation	Description of Business and Basis of Presentation Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries ("Virgin Galactic" or the "Company"), is an aerospace and space travel company focused on the development, manufacture and operation of spaceships and related technologies. The Company provides access to space for private individuals, researchers and government agencies. The Company's missions include flying passengers to space, as well as flying scientific payloads and researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and educational purposes. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, in management's opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Statement of Operations Presentation In July 2023, the Company concluded that technological feasibility had been achieved for its initial spaceship, VSS Unity, and mothership carrier aircraft, VMS Eve, which together comprised the Company’s initial commercial spaceflight system. As a result, future costs associated with this spaceflight system, including the manufacture of related rocket motors, will no longer qualify as research and development activities. Following the launch of commercial service and achievement of technological feasibility, the Company began presenting the operating expenses supporting the Company’s commercial spaceline activities as spaceline operations expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenses incurred prior to the achievement of technological feasibility were classified as research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Spaceline operations expense includes costs associated with commercial spaceflight services and production costs that are not eligible for capitalization. Spaceline operations expense also includes costs to support the Company’s Future Astronaut community and costs related to payload cargo and engineering services, which were previously presented as customer experience expense. Reverse Stock Split On June 14, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of the Company’s common stock issued or outstanding were automatically reclassified into one new share of common stock. Proportionate adjustments were also made to the exercise prices and the number of shares underlying the Company’s outstanding equity awards, as applicable, as well as to the number of shares issuable under the Company’s equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements. The Reverse Stock Split did not decrease the number of authorized shares of common stock or otherwise affect the par value of the common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who were otherwise entitled to receive fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split were paid cash in lieu thereof. All shares of the Company’s common stock, per-share data and related information included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split had been effected prior to all periods presented.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and estimated fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	14,286	$	—	$	14,286
Money market	190,430		—		190,430
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	88,928		97		89,025
Corporate bonds	449,099		1,051		450,150
	$	742,743	$	1,148	$	743,891


	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	17,727	$	—	$	17,727
Money market	235,865		—		235,865
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	198,639		44		198,683
Corporate bonds	529,893		258		530,151
	$	982,124	$	302	$	982,426

The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Matures within one year	$	477,800	$	478,741
Matures between one to two years	60,227		60,434
	$	538,027	$	539,175

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:


		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Land		$	1,302	$	1,302
Buildings		10,111		9,092
Flight vehicles and rotables		4,331		4,074
Machinery and equipment		42,475		39,983
Information technology software and equipment		44,864		43,256
Leasehold improvements		75,415		37,141
Construction in progress		89,002		34,584
		267,500		169,432
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		86,346		75,626
		$	181,154	$	93,806

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The components of expense related to leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	3,268	$	3,382	$	10,144	$	8,992
Variable lease cost	899		1,559		3,169		2,844
Short-term lease cost	6		127		18		139

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases	50		68		172		199
Interest on finance lease liabilities	16		21		52		60
Total finance lease cost	66		89		224		259
Total lease cost	$	4,239	$	5,157	$	13,555	$	12,234

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	9,868		$	7,050
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	52		$	60
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	149		$	175
Non-cash Activity:
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	4,062		$	13,814
Finance leases	$	29		$	219
Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	9.0			10.0
Finance leases (in years)	2.7			3.2
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases	12.1		%	12.1		%
Finance leases	13.2		%	12.9		%

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating Leases:
Long-term right-of-use assets	$	57,854	$	58,526

Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	5,055	$	4,350
Long-term operating lease liabilities	67,830		68,864
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	73,214

Leases

The components of expense related to leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	3,268	$	3,382	$	10,144	$	8,992
Variable lease cost	899		1,559		3,169		2,844
Short-term lease cost	6		127		18		139

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases	50		68		172		199
Interest on finance lease liabilities	16		21		52		60
Total finance lease cost	66		89		224		259
Total lease cost	$	4,239	$	5,157	$	13,555	$	12,234

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	9,868		$	7,050
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	52		$	60
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	149		$	175
Non-cash Activity:
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	4,062		$	13,814
Finance leases	$	29		$	219
Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	9.0			10.0
Finance leases (in years)	2.7			3.2
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases	12.1		%	12.1		%
Finance leases	13.2		%	12.9		%

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating Leases:
Long-term right-of-use assets	$	57,854	$	58,526

Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	5,055	$	4,350
Long-term operating lease liabilities	67,830		68,864
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	73,214

Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Accrued compensation	$	28,327	$	32,179
Accrued manufacturing sub-contractor and contract labor costs	19,486		9,500
Other	15,875		13,725
	$	63,688	$	55,404

Convertible Senior Notes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Convertible Debt [Abstract]

Convertible Senior Notes

The net carrying value of the 2027 Notes is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Principal	$	425,000	$	425,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	5,445		7,114
Net carrying amount	$	419,555	$	417,886

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	Stockholders' Equity In August 2022, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $300 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2022 ATM Program"). The Company completed the 2022 ATM Program in June 2023, selling a total of 3.0 million shares of common stock and generating $300 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses. In June 2023, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with the Agents providing for the offer and sale of up to $400 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an "at-the-market offering" program (the "2023 ATM Program"). During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold 8.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program and generated $108.7 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $1.0 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses. As of September 30, 2024, the Company sold a total of 12.8 million shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Program, generating $396.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.9 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Liability-Classified Stock Awards

A summary of the components of stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Stock option and PSO expense:
Spaceline operations	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	282
Research and development	—		318		—		1,343
Selling, general and administrative	621		1,181		1,821		4,200
Total stock option and PSO expense	621		1,781		1,821		5,825

RSU and PSU expense:
Spaceline operations	1,046		1,545		3,441		1,545
Research and development	1,050		1,579		3,236		6,587
Selling, general and administrative	4,843		5,858		15,542		21,641
Total RSU and PSU expense	6,939		8,982		22,219		29,773
Total stock-based compensation expense	7,560		10,763		24,040		35,598
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards	115		—		458		—
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards	$	7,445	$	10,763	$	23,582	$	35,598

Special Charges	9 Months Ended
Special Charges	Sep. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Special Charges	Special Charges In November 2023, the Company commenced a restructuring plan designed to decrease costs and strategically realign its resources. In connection with this plan, the Company announced a workforce reduction constituting approximately 18% of its workforce. As a result, the Company recorded $4.4 million in severance and related benefit costs for the involuntarily terminated employees as special charges during the fourth quarter of 2023. In January 2024, the Company fully paid the $1.4 million liability balance associated with these costs that was accrued at December 31, 2023.

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income tax expense was $105,000 and $53,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Income tax expense was $219,000 and $215,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rate was nil for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

The following table presents net loss per share and related information:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted:
Net loss	$	(74,540)	$	(104,604)	$	(270,327)	$	(398,353)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	27,973		18,792		23,176		15,809
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(2.66)	$	(5.57)	$	(11.66)	$	(25.20)

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

• Level 1 inputs — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 inputs — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• Level 3 inputs — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

The following tables present the Company's financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	190,430	$	—	$	—	$	190,430
U.S. treasuries	89,025		—		—		89,025
Corporate bonds	—		450,150		—		450,150
Total assets at fair value	$	279,455	$	450,150	$	—	$	729,605


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	235,865	$	—	$	—	$	235,865
U.S. treasuries	198,683		—		—		198,683
Corporate bonds	—		530,151		—		530,151
Total assets at fair value	$	434,548	$	530,151	$	—	$	964,699

The following tables present the Company's financial liabilities that are recorded at amortized cost, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(In thousands)
2024 (for the remaining period)	$	3,353	$	59
2025	13,488		235
2026	13,458		184
2027	13,481		69
2028	13,340		30
Thereafter	65,286		5
Total payments	122,406		582
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	49,521		87
Present value of lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	495

Legal Proceedings

The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation v. the Company

Company and Boeing jointly informed the Virginia court that the Company’s voluntary dismissal of the California action without prejudice rendered moot Boeing’s motion for an anti-suit injunction.

Lavin v. the Company

Spiteri, Grenier, Laidlaw, and St. Jean derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

Abughazaleh derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

Molnar and Tubbs derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees, and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

Gera derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The case is at a preliminary stage.

Related Party Transactions	9 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Sep. 30, 2024
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions The Company licenses its brand name from certain entities affiliated with Virgin Enterprises Limited (“VEL”), a company incorporated in England. VEL is an affiliate of the Company. Under the trademark license, the Company has the exclusive right to operate under the brand name “Virgin Galactic” worldwide. Royalties payable, excluding sponsorship royalties, are the greater of (a) a low single-digit percentage of gross sales and (b) (i) prior to the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a mid-five figure amount in dollars and (ii) from the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a low-six figure amount in dollars, which increases to a low-seven figure amount in dollars over a four-year ramp up and thereafter increases in correlation with the consumer price index. Royalties payable on sponsorships are based on a mid-double-digit percentage of the related gross sales. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred royalty expenses of $1.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash payments for:
Income taxes	$	250	$	533
Interest	5,313		10,625

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment	$	13,275	$	2,512
Transfer of inventory to rotables in property, plant and equipment	—		2,681
Issuance of common stock through RSUs vested	2,220		8,740

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (74,540)	$ (93,775)	$ (102,012)	$ (104,604)	$ (134,364)	$ (159,385)	$ (270,327)	$ (398,353)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Statement of Operations Presentation	Statement of Operations Presentation In July 2023, the Company concluded that technological feasibility had been achieved for its initial spaceship, VSS Unity, and mothership carrier aircraft, VMS Eve, which together comprised the Company’s initial commercial spaceflight system. As a result, future costs associated with this spaceflight system, including the manufacture of related rocket motors, will no longer qualify as research and development activities. Following the launch of commercial service and achievement of technological feasibility, the Company began presenting the operating expenses supporting the Company’s commercial spaceline activities as spaceline operations expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenses incurred prior to the achievement of technological feasibility were classified as research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses. Spaceline operations expense includes costs associated with commercial spaceflight services and production costs that are not eligible for capitalization. Spaceline operations expense also includes costs to support the Company’s Future Astronaut community and costs related to payload cargo and engineering services, which were previously presented as customer experience expense.
Restricted Cash	Restricted cash consists of cash deposits received from future astronauts that are contractually restricted for operational use until the condition of carriage is signed or the deposits are refunded.
Fair Value Measurements	Assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements are required to be disclosed within a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair value. Accordingly, assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy in one of the following categories: • Level 1 inputs — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 inputs — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. • Level 3 inputs — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Marketable Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and estimated fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	14,286	$	—	$	14,286
Money market	190,430		—		190,430
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	88,928		97		89,025
Corporate bonds	449,099		1,051		450,150
	$	742,743	$	1,148	$	743,891


	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash	$	17,727	$	—	$	17,727
Money market	235,865		—		235,865
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries	198,639		44		198,683
Corporate bonds	529,893		258		530,151
	$	982,124	$	302	$	982,426

Schedule of Contractual Maturities

The following table presents the contractual maturities of the Company's marketable securities as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Matures within one year	$	477,800	$	478,741
Matures between one to two years	60,227		60,434
	$	538,027	$	539,175

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:


		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Land		$	1,302	$	1,302
Buildings		10,111		9,092
Flight vehicles and rotables		4,331		4,074
Machinery and equipment		42,475		39,983
Information technology software and equipment		44,864		43,256
Leasehold improvements		75,415		37,141
Construction in progress		89,002		34,584
		267,500		169,432
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		86,346		75,626
		$	181,154	$	93,806

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Expense and Cash Flow Information

The components of expense related to leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	3,268	$	3,382	$	10,144	$	8,992
Variable lease cost	899		1,559		3,169		2,844
Short-term lease cost	6		127		18		139

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases	50		68		172		199
Interest on finance lease liabilities	16		21		52		60
Total finance lease cost	66		89		224		259
Total lease cost	$	4,239	$	5,157	$	13,555	$	12,234

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	9,868		$	7,050
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	52		$	60
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	149		$	175
Non-cash Activity:
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	4,062		$	13,814
Finance leases	$	29		$	219
Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	9.0			10.0
Finance leases (in years)	2.7			3.2
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases	12.1		%	12.1		%
Finance leases	13.2		%	12.9		%

Schedule of Balance Sheet Information

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating Leases:
Long-term right-of-use assets	$	57,854	$	58,526

Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	5,055	$	4,350
Long-term operating lease liabilities	67,830		68,864
Total operating lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	73,214

Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Accrued compensation	$	28,327	$	32,179
Accrued manufacturing sub-contractor and contract labor costs	19,486		9,500
Other	15,875		13,725
	$	63,688	$	55,404

Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Convertible Debt [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Debt

The net carrying value of the 2027 Notes is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Principal	$	425,000	$	425,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	5,445		7,114
Net carrying amount	$	419,555	$	417,886

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of the components of stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Stock option and PSO expense:
Spaceline operations	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	282
Research and development	—		318		—		1,343
Selling, general and administrative	621		1,181		1,821		4,200
Total stock option and PSO expense	621		1,781		1,821		5,825

RSU and PSU expense:
Spaceline operations	1,046		1,545		3,441		1,545
Research and development	1,050		1,579		3,236		6,587
Selling, general and administrative	4,843		5,858		15,542		21,641
Total RSU and PSU expense	6,939		8,982		22,219		29,773
Total stock-based compensation expense	7,560		10,763		24,040		35,598
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards	115		—		458		—
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards	$	7,445	$	10,763	$	23,582	$	35,598

Schedule of Performance Stock Unit Activity

A summary of the components of stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Stock option and PSO expense:
Spaceline operations	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	282
Research and development	—		318		—		1,343
Selling, general and administrative	621		1,181		1,821		4,200
Total stock option and PSO expense	621		1,781		1,821		5,825

RSU and PSU expense:
Spaceline operations	1,046		1,545		3,441		1,545
Research and development	1,050		1,579		3,236		6,587
Selling, general and administrative	4,843		5,858		15,542		21,641
Total RSU and PSU expense	6,939		8,982		22,219		29,773
Total stock-based compensation expense	7,560		10,763		24,040		35,598
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards	115		—		458		—
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards	$	7,445	$	10,763	$	23,582	$	35,598

Schedule of Stock Option and RSU Expense

A summary of the components of stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Stock option and PSO expense:
Spaceline operations	$	—	$	282	$	—	$	282
Research and development	—		318		—		1,343
Selling, general and administrative	621		1,181		1,821		4,200
Total stock option and PSO expense	621		1,781		1,821		5,825

RSU and PSU expense:
Spaceline operations	1,046		1,545		3,441		1,545
Research and development	1,050		1,579		3,236		6,587
Selling, general and administrative	4,843		5,858		15,542		21,641
Total RSU and PSU expense	6,939		8,982		22,219		29,773
Total stock-based compensation expense	7,560		10,763		24,040		35,598
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards	115		—		458		—
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards	$	7,445	$	10,763	$	23,582	$	35,598

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents net loss per share and related information:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted:
Net loss	$	(74,540)	$	(104,604)	$	(270,327)	$	(398,353)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	27,973		18,792		23,176		15,809
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(2.66)	$	(5.57)	$	(11.66)	$	(25.20)

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables present the Company's financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	190,430	$	—	$	—	$	190,430
U.S. treasuries	89,025		—		—		89,025
Corporate bonds	—		450,150		—		450,150
Total assets at fair value	$	279,455	$	450,150	$	—	$	729,605


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market	$	235,865	$	—	$	—	$	235,865
U.S. treasuries	198,683		—		—		198,683
Corporate bonds	—		530,151		—		530,151
Total assets at fair value	$	434,548	$	530,151	$	—	$	964,699

The following tables present the Company's financial liabilities that are recorded at amortized cost, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	135,635	$	—	$	135,635


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	189,937	$	—	$	189,937

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Operating Lease Maturities

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(In thousands)
2024 (for the remaining period)	$	3,353	$	59
2025	13,488		235
2026	13,458		184
2027	13,481		69
2028	13,340		30
Thereafter	65,286		5
Total payments	122,406		582
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	49,521		87
Present value of lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	495

Schedule of Finance Lease Maturities

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
	(In thousands)
2024 (for the remaining period)	$	3,353	$	59
2025	13,488		235
2026	13,458		184
2027	13,481		69
2028	13,340		30
Thereafter	65,286		5
Total payments	122,406		582
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	49,521		87
Present value of lease liabilities	$	72,885	$	495

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash payments for:
Income taxes	$	250	$	533
Interest	5,313		10,625

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment	$	13,275	$	2,512
Transfer of inventory to rotables in property, plant and equipment	—		2,681
Issuance of common stock through RSUs vested	2,220		8,740

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Details)	Jun. 14, 2024
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Reverse stock split, conversion ratio	0.05

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Schedule of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost	$ 204,716	$ 253,592	$ 269,061	$ 342,627
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	538,027
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, Amortized Cost	742,743	982,124
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	1,148	302
Marketable securities, Fair Value	539,175
Total assets at fair value	743,891	982,426
U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	88,928	198,639
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	97	44
Marketable securities, Fair Value	89,025	198,683
Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	449,099	529,893
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	1,051	258
Marketable securities, Fair Value	450,150	530,151
Cash and restricted cash
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost	14,286	17,727
Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value	14,286	17,727
Money market
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, Amortized Cost	190,430	235,865
Cash and cash equivalents, Fair Value	$ 190,430	$ 235,865

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Interest receivable	$ 4.5		$ 4.5		$ 4.6
Accretion income on marketable securities	$ 4.0	$ 6.0	$ 14.0	$ 8.5

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Schedule of Contractual Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Amortized Cost
Matures within one year	$ 477,800
Matures between one to two years	60,227
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	538,027
Estimated Fair Value
Matures within one year	478,741
Matures between one to two years	60,434
Marketable securities, Total	$ 539,175

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 267,500	$ 169,432
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	86,346	75,626
Property, plant and equipment, net	181,154	93,806
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	1,302	1,302
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	10,111	9,092
Flight vehicles and rotables
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	4,331	4,074
Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	42,475	39,983
Information technology software and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	44,864	43,256
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	75,415	37,141
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant, and equipment, gross	$ 89,002	$ 34,584

Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3,268	$ 3,382	$ 10,144	$ 8,992
Variable lease cost	899	1,559	3,169	2,844
Short-term lease cost	6	127	18	139
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases	50	68	172	199
Interest on finance lease liabilities	16	21	52	60
Total finance lease cost	66	89	224	259
Total lease cost	$ 4,239	$ 5,157	$ 13,555	$ 12,234

Leases - Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$ 9,868	$ 7,050
Operating cash flows for finance leases	52	60
Financing cash flows for finance leases	149	175
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	4,062	13,814
Finance leases	$ 29	$ 219
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)	9 years	10 years
Finance leases (in years)	2 years 8 months 12 days	3 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases	12.10%	12.10%
Finance leases	13.20%	12.90%

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Long-term right-of-use assets	$ 57,854	$ 58,526
Short-term operating lease liabilities	5,055	4,350
Long-term operating lease liabilities	67,830	68,864
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 72,885	$ 73,214

Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 28,327	$ 32,179
Accrued manufacturing sub-contractor and contract labor costs	19,486	9,500
Other	15,875	13,725
Total	$ 63,688	$ 55,404

Convertible Senior Notes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Amortization of debt issuance costs			$ 1,669,000	$ 1,618,000
2027 Notes \| Convertible Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount					$ 425,000,000
Interest rate					2.50%
Interest expense	$ 3,200,000	$ 3,200,000	9,600,000	9,600,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs	$ 600,000	$ 500,000	$ 1,700,000	$ 1,600,000

Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Convertible Debt (Details) - 2027 Notes - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 425,000	$ 425,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	5,445	7,114
Net carrying amount	$ 419,555	$ 417,886

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		16 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Aug. 31, 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Stock issuance costs		$ 1,046	$ 5,106
2022 ATM program
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Stock offering, maximum sale amount					$ 300,000
Stock sold (in shares)	3.0
Proceeds from sale of common stock	$ 300,000
Stock issuance costs	3,000
2023 ATM program
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Stock offering, maximum sale amount	$ 400,000
Stock sold (in shares)		8.8		12.8
Proceeds from sale of common stock		$ 108,700		$ 396,200
Stock issuance costs		$ 1,000		$ 3,900

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) shares in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) plan shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of equity incentive plan \| plan	2
Authorized (in shares) \| shares	0.7
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0.3
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	2 years 3 months 18 days
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, excluding options	$ 28,800,000
Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,600,000
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	1 year
Performance Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 0
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition	1 year 2 months 12 days
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, excluding options	$ 3,100,000
Second A/R Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Authorized (in shares) \| shares	2.2

Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,560	$ 10,763	$ 24,040	$ 35,598
Stock option and PSO expense:
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	621	1,781	1,821	5,825
Stock option and PSO expense: \| Spaceline operations
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	0	282	0	282
Stock option and PSO expense: \| Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	0	318	0	1,343
Stock option and PSO expense: \| Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	621	1,181	1,821	4,200
RSU and PSU expense:
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	6,939	8,982	22,219	29,773
RSU and PSU expense: \| Spaceline operations
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,046	1,545	3,441	1,545
RSU and PSU expense: \| Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,050	1,579	3,236	6,587
RSU and PSU expense: \| Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	4,843	5,858	15,542	21,641
Liability-classified Award
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	(115)	0	(458)	0
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 7,445	$ 10,763	$ 23,582	$ 35,598

Special Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
Special Charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2024	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Workforce reduction (percent of workforce)		18.00%
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Severance and related benefit costs			$ 4.4
Payments for restructuring	$ 1.4

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 105	$ 53	$ 219	$ 215

Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Basic and diluted:
Net loss, basic	$ (74,540)	$ (104,604)	$ (270,327)	$ (398,353)
Net loss, diluted	$ (74,540)	$ (104,604)	$ (270,327)	$ (398,353)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	27,973	18,792	23,176	15,809
Weighted average common share outstanding - diluted (in shares)	27,973	18,792	23,176	15,809
Basic net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (2.66)	$ (5.57)	$ (11.66)	$ (25.20)
Diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (2.66)	$ (5.57)	$ (11.66)	$ (25.20)

Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock-based Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential effect of warrants to purchase stock (in shares)	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.3

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	$ 539,175
Total assets at fair value	743,891	$ 982,426
U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	89,025	198,683
Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	450,150	530,151
Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	729,605	964,699
Total liabilities at fair value	135,635	189,937
Fair Value, Recurring \| 2027 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
2027 Notes	135,635	189,937
Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	89,025	198,683
Fair Value, Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	450,150	530,151
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	279,455	434,548
Total liabilities at fair value	0	0
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| 2027 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
2027 Notes	0	0
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	89,025	198,683
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	0	0
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	450,150	530,151
Total liabilities at fair value	135,635	189,937
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| 2027 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
2027 Notes	135,635	189,937
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	0	0
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	450,150	530,151
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets at fair value	0	0
Total liabilities at fair value	0	0
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| 2027 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
2027 Notes	0	0
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| U.S. treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	0	0
Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities, Fair Value	0	0
Money market
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	190,430	235,865
Money market \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	190,430	235,865
Money market \| Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	190,430	235,865
Money market \| Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	0	0
Money market \| Level 3 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents, fair value	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2024 (for the remaining period)	$ 3,353
2025	13,488
2026	13,458
2027	13,481
2028	13,340
Thereafter	65,286
Total payments	122,406
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	49,521
Present value of lease liabilities	72,885
Finance Leases
2024 (for the remaining period)	59
2025	235
2026	184
2027	69
2028	30
Thereafter	5
Total payments	582
Less: present value discount/imputed interest	87
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 495

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions		10 Months Ended
	Mar. 21, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 13, 2022 allegedShareholder
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Number of alleged shareholders that filed a complaint \| allegedShareholder		4
The Boeing Company and Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation v. the Company
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Loss contingency, amount of damages sought \| $	$ 25

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Royalty expense	$ 1.0	$ 0.3

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash payments for:
Income taxes	$ 250	$ 533
Interest	5,313	10,625
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment	13,275	2,512
Transfer of inventory to rotables in property, plant and equipment	0	2,681
Issuance of common stock through RSUs vested	$ 2,220	$ 8,740

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