Tax Treatment
In determining our reporting responsibilities, we intend to treat the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as “open transactions”
that are not debt instruments, as described in the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax
Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. Based on the advice of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, our special tax counsel, we believe that this is a reasonable
treatment, but that there are other reasonable treatments that the IRS or a court may adopt, in which case the timing and character of
any income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected.
No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes (or similar instruments) for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment.
Assuming that “open transaction” treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or
loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of the notes at the issue price. However, the
IRS or a court may not respect the treatment of the notes as “open transactions,” in which case the timing and character of any income
or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected. For instance, the notes could be treated as contingent payment debt
instruments, in which case the gain on your notes would be treated as ordinary income and you would be required to accrue original
issue discount on your notes in each taxable year at the “comparable yield,” as determined by us, although we will not make any
payment with respect to the notes until maturity.
In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid
forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to
accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of
income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the
instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be
subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” regime, which very
generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge. While
the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance
promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the
notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences” in the accompanying product supplement and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax
consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, our special tax counsel is of the
opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS,
and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular
circumstances, including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. You should consult your tax
adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes
does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any
time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be
based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational
and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of
JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect,
and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and
any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes.
For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an
Internal Funding Rate” in this pricing supplement.