ITEM
1. Financial Statements
AUDIBLE,
INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
(in
thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(audited)
|
|
Current
assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
42,846
|
|
|
$
|
14,925
|
|
Short-term
investments
|
|
|
27,954
|
|
|
|
51,295
|
|
Interest
receivable on short-term investments
|
|
|
422
|
|
|
|
626
|
|
Accounts
receivable, net of provision for refunds and chargebacks of $40
at
September
30, 2007 and December 31, 2006
|
|
|
3,626
|
|
|
|
4,181
|
|
Accounts
receivable, related parties
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Royalty
advances, net
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
|
710
|
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
1,497
|
|
|
|
1,797
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
77,113
|
|
|
|
73,846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
and equipment, net
|
|
|
10,755
|
|
|
|
8,149
|
|
Investment
in related party, net (see Note 6)
|
|
|
961
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Other
assets
|
|
|
1,629
|
|
|
|
781
|
|
Total
assets
|
|
$
|
90,458
|
|
|
$
|
82,776
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
2,057
|
|
|
$
|
3,121
|
|
Accrued
expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
4,243
|
|
|
|
4,678
|
|
Accrued
royalties
|
|
|
7,606
|
|
|
|
9,028
|
|
Accrued
compensation
|
|
|
3,995
|
|
|
|
778
|
|
Deferred
revenue
|
|
|
16,508
|
|
|
|
13,840
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
34,409
|
|
|
|
31,445
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
revenue, noncurrent
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
|
513
|
|
Royalty
obligations, noncurrent
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
Deferred
rent, noncurrent
|
|
|
1,842
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments
and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders'
equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock, par value $.01. Authorized 40,000,000 shares at September
30, 2007
and December 31, 2006; 24,382,269 and 24,119,768 shares issued and
outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006,
respectively
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
195,394
|
|
|
|
190,799
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
|
|
(142,065
|
)
|
|
|
(140,538
|
)
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
|
53,516
|
|
|
|
50,466
|
|
Total
liabilities and stockholders' equity
|
|
$
|
90,458
|
|
|
$
|
82,776
|
|
See
accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
AUDIBLE,
INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
(in
thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
|
|
Three
months
ended
September 30,
|
|
|
Nine
months
ended
September 30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Revenue,
net:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
content
|
|
$
|
26,973
|
|
|
$
|
19,565
|
|
|
$
|
77,679
|
|
|
$
|
57,681
|
|
Point
of sale rebates
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
(293
|
)
|
Services
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
Total
content and services revenue
|
|
|
26,997
|
|
|
|
19,591
|
|
|
|
77,736
|
|
|
|
57,473
|
|
Hardware
revenue
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
283
|
|
Related
party revenue
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
|
|
542
|
|
|
|
852
|
|
Other
revenue
|
|
|
162
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
|
274
|
|
Total
revenue, net
|
|
|
27,618
|
|
|
|
20,026
|
|
|
|
78,829
|
|
|
|
58,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties
and other content charges
|
|
|
11,989
|
|
|
|
8,240
|
|
|
|
34,455
|
|
|
|
23,943
|
|
Discount
certificate rebates
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
910
|
|
Total
cost of content and services revenue
|
|
|
12,063
|
|
|
|
8,547
|
|
|
|
34,862
|
|
|
|
24,853
|
|
Cost
of hardware revenue
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
|
1,707
|
|
Cost
of related party revenue
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
370
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
3,761
|
|
|
|
2,987
|
|
|
|
10,993
|
|
|
|
8,943
|
|
Technology
and development
|
|
|
4,680
|
|
|
|
4,625
|
|
|
|
13,820
|
|
|
|
12,681
|
|
Marketing
|
|
|
4,300
|
|
|
|
3,340
|
|
|
|
12,253
|
|
|
|
11,214
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
3,609
|
|
|
|
2,743
|
|
|
|
10,072
|
|
|
|
8,607
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
28,641
|
|
|
|
23,237
|
|
|
|
82,765
|
|
|
|
68,503
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
|
|
(1,023
|
)
|
|
|
(3,211
|
)
|
|
|
(3,936
|
)
|
|
|
(9,621
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
on equity investment
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
|
(90
|
)
|
|
|
(77
|
)
|
|
|
(270
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
|
2,606
|
|
|
|
2,153
|
|
Other
expense
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
Other
income, net
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
|
2,593
|
|
|
|
2,153
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
before income taxes
|
|
|
(140
|
)
|
|
|
(2,522
|
)
|
|
|
(1,420
|
)
|
|
|
(7,738
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
tax expense
|
|
|
(52
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(107
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(192
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,525
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,527
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,747
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and diluted net loss per common share
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.06
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.32
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
24,349,644
|
|
|
|
24,348,938
|
|
|
|
24,278,459
|
|
|
|
24,443,620
|
|
See
accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
AUDIBLE,
INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
(in
thousands)
|
|
Nine
months ended
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(1,527
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,747
|
)
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
on equity investment in related party
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
3,964
|
|
|
|
3,710
|
|
Amortization
of audio production costs
|
|
|
367
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
Non-cash
share-based compensation charge
|
|
|
4,577
|
|
|
|
4,162
|
|
Accretion
of discounts on short-term investments
|
|
|
(718)
|
|
|
|
(724)
|
|
Impairment
of long lived asset
|
|
|
160
|
|
|
|
144
|
|
Changes
in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
receivable short-term investments
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
(77
|
)
|
Accounts
receivable, net
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
|
(496
|
)
|
Accounts
receivable, related parties
|
|
|
(223
|
)
|
|
|
(203
|
)
|
Royalty
advances
|
|
|
286
|
|
|
|
(48
|
)
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
301
|
|
|
|
(1,098
|
)
|
Inventory
on hand
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
Other
assets
|
|
|
(1,213
|
)
|
|
|
(767
|
)
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
(1,069
|
)
|
|
|
(2,402
|
)
|
Accrued
expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
(1,143
|
)
|
|
|
(595
|
)
|
Accrued
royalties
|
|
|
(1,436
|
)
|
|
|
773
|
|
Accrued
compensation
|
|
|
3,211
|
|
|
|
194
|
|
Deferred
revenue
|
|
|
2,763
|
|
|
|
4,872
|
|
Deferred
rent, noncurrent
|
|
|
1,580
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
10,855
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
of property and equipment
|
|
|
(5,394
|
)
|
|
|
(4,049
|
)
|
Capitalized
internally developed software costs
|
|
|
(653
|
)
|
|
|
(445
|
)
|
Investment
in related party
|
|
|
(978
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
Purchases
of short-term investments
|
|
|
(44,316
|
)
|
|
|
(60,098
|
)
|
Proceeds
from maturity of short-term investments
|
|
|
68,375
|
|
|
|
69,065
|
|
Net
cash provided by investing activities
|
|
|
17,034
|
|
|
|
4,473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from exercise of common stock options
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
|
385
|
|
Proceeds
from exercise of common stock warrants
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
Purchase
of treasury stock at cost
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(3,988
|
)
|
Payment
of taxes due on vested restricted stock
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
Net
cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
(2,853
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect
of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase
in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
27,921
|
|
|
|
2,007
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
14,925
|
|
|
|
11,549
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$
|
42,846
|
|
|
$
|
13,556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental
schedule of non-cash operating and investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued
purchases of property and equipment
|
|
$
|
683
|
|
|
$
|
--
|
|
See
accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
(1)
Description of Business and Business Conditions
The
Business
Audible,
Inc. (together with its subsidiary, the “Company”), was incorporated on November
3, 1995, and commenced commercial operations in October 1997. The Company was
formed to create the Audible service, the Internet's leading provider of digital
spoken entertainment, information and educational programming for playback
on
personal computers and mobile devices.
For
the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, the Company reported
a
net loss of $0.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and had an accumulated
deficit of $142.1 million as of September 30, 2007. The Company's cash and
cash
equivalents balance as of September 30, 2007 was $42.8 million. In addition,
the
Company had short-term investments of $28.0 million.
The
Company may, in the future, need to raise additional funds to finance its
continued growth. No assurance can be given that such additional financing,
if
needed, will be available on terms favorable to the Company or to its
stockholders, if at all.
(2)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis
of Presentation
Commencing
in the first quarter of 2005, the Company began its international operations
in
the United Kingdom, as Audible Limited (“Audible UK”). Audible UK is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Audible, Inc. and therefore its results of operations
are consolidated as of the end of each reporting period. All inter-company
transactions and balances have been eliminated.
The
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30,
2007 and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and
2006,
are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all adjustments
necessary to present fairly the results for the periods presented in accordance
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Operating results for the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily
indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December
31,
2007. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2006 was derived from
the
audited financial statements at that date and does not include all of the
information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted
in
the United States of America for complete financial statements. These condensed
consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December
31, 2006, from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
The
Company considers short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities
of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash
equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and notes due from
governmental agencies. Cash consists of funds held in the Company's checking
account.
Short-Term
Investments
Investments
purchased with a maturity of more than three months, and less than twelve
months, are classified as short-term investments. The Company's short-term
investments, as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, of $28.0 million
and $51.3 million, respectively, consisted of governmental agency notes that
are
to be held to maturity because the Company has the positive intent and ability
to hold these securities to maturity.
Held
to
maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization
of
premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Dividend and interest income
are recognized when earned. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted
over the life of the related held-to-maturity security as an adjustment to
yield
using the effective interest method. A decline in the market value of a
held-to-maturity security below the amortized cost basis that is deemed to
be
other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value.
The impairment is charged to operations and a new cost basis for the security
is
established. To determine whether impairment is other-than-temporary, the
Company considers whether it has the ability and intends to hold the investment
until a market price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the
cost
of the investment is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence
considered in this assessment includes the reasons
for
the
impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in the value
subsequent to period end, and forecasted performance of the
investee.
The
amortized cost, gross unrealized holding losses and the fair value of
held-to-maturity debt securities at September 30, 2007 was $28.0 million, less
than $0.2 million, and $28.2 million, respectively.
All
of
the debt securities classified as held-to-maturity
mature before September 30, 2008.
Provision
for Refunds and Chargebacks
The
provision for refunds and chargebacks is recorded as a reduction of revenue
and
is estimated based on a percentage of revenue, taking into account historical
experience. A portion of the provision is recorded as a reduction of accounts
receivable based on an estimate of refunds that will be made related to sales
that were unpaid at period-end. The remaining portion of the provision is
reflected as an accrued liability at period-end. Actual refunds and chargebacks
could differ from the Company’s estimate.
Inventory
Inventory
is stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method.
Inventory consists of digital audio players manufactured by third
parties.
Audio
Production Costs
The
Company capitalizes audio production costs incurred in connection with the
creation of the master copy of an audio title, which includes talent, editorial
and other costs. These costs are stated at the lower of cost, less accumulated
amortization, or fair value. These production costs are amortized beginning
in
the month the title is released, on a straight-line basis over a two year
period, which is the estimated substantial economic life of the title, and
are
recognized as cost of content revenue in the condensed consolidated Statement
of
Operations. The remaining unamortized balance is periodically reviewed, and
adjusted if necessary, to reflect the fair value.
Property
and Equipment
Property
and equipment, which includes computer server and Web site equipment, office
furniture and equipment, leasehold improvements, internally developed software,
studio equipment, software licenses, work in progress and construction in
progress, are stated at cost. Property and equipment under capital leases are
stated at the present value of minimum lease payments. Depreciation is
calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of
the
respective assets and for leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the
estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.
For
assets placed in service prior to January 1, 2007, the Company estimated the
useful lives to be three years for computer server and Web site equipment,
and
software licenses, and two years for office furniture and equipment, internally
developed software, and studio equipment. As of January 1, 2007, the Company
reassessed the useful lives of its new asset purchases. For assets placed in
service after January 1, 2007, the Company estimates the useful lives to be
three years for office computers, five years for computer servers, web site
equipment, studio equipment, office appliances and telephone equipment and
seven
years for office furniture. Office appliances, telephone equipment, office
furniture and office computers are grouped together in office furniture and
equipment in Note 3. There has been no change to the estimated useful lives
for
software licenses and internally developed software. Property and equipment
held
under capital leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful life of the asset.
In
June
2006, in anticipation of the Company’s move to its new facility, the Company
reassessed the estimated useful lives of its existing office furniture and
equipment and leasehold improvements located at the old corporate office. The
existing office furniture and equipment was depreciated using the straight
line
method over a two year period and leasehold improvements were amortized on
a
straight-line basis over the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the
asset, whichever was shorter. In June 2006, the Company changed the remaining
estimated useful life of these assets to seven months and in December 2006,
extended the previous estimate by an additional two months to coincide with
the
termination of the Company’s office lease. The amortization is included within
depreciation expense in the condensed consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows.
Work
in
process consists of expenditures for the development of various computer
software projects incurred subsequent to the completion of the preliminary
project stage. In accordance with Statement of Position, or SOP, No. 98-1,
Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal
Use
(“SOP No. 98-1”), the Company has capitalized external direct costs of
material and services developed or obtained for these projects and certain
payroll and payroll related expenses for employees directly associated with
these projects. Amortization for each software project begins when the computer
software is ready for its intended use. Construction in progress primarily
represents leasehold improvement costs related to the development and
construction of the new corporate office space. Amortization for the office
space leasehold improvements begins when the project is complete.
Maintenance
and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
The
Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when events or
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. If the sum of the expected cash flows, undiscounted and without
interest, is less than the carrying amount of the related asset, an impairment
loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset
exceeds its fair value, generally based on discounted cash flow. In
the nine month period ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded a $0.2
million impairment charge, included in technology and development, on the
accompanying condensed consolidated Statement of Operations, related to
internally developed software. In the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 2006, the Company recorded a $0.1 million impairment charge,
included in technology and development, on the accompanying condensed
consolidated Statement of Operations, related to a previously purchased software
license, which the Company determined would not be used.
Royalty
Advances and Royalty Obligations
Royalty
advances represent payments made and payments to be made to various content
providers pursuant to minimum guarantees under their royalty agreements, net
of
royalties expensed. The corresponding royalty obligations represent payments
to
be made to the content providers for audio content delivered pursuant to minimum
guarantees under their royalty agreements. These agreements give the Company
the
right to sell digital audio content over the Internet. The royalty obligations
recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated Balance Sheets are
classified between current (included in accrued expenses) and non-current based
on the payment terms specified in the agreements. The Company periodically
adjusts the balance of these advances to reflect their estimated net realizable
value based on the difference, if any, between the carrying amount of the asset
and the discounted future revenue stream. Royalty expense is included in cost
of
content and services revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated
Statements of Operations.
Tenant
Leasehold Improvement Allowance
In
accordance with the terms of the corporate office lease for its facility in
Newark, NJ, the landlord is subject to pay a tenant leasehold improvement
allowance to the Company for leasehold improvement work performed at the
facility, up to a maximum amount per square foot. In June 2007, the Company
billed the landlord $1.3 million for this tenant allowance, of which $1.1
million had been paid as of September 30, 2007. In accordance with FASB
Technical Bulletin, or FTB, No. 88-1,
Issues Relating to Accounting for
Leases
, this tenant allowance, recorded as deferred rent within accrued
expenses and other current liabilities and deferred rent, non-current on the
accompanying condensed consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2007,
is
an incentive that is considered a reduction of rental expense, which is
amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the lease.
Straight-line rent expense in excess of rent payments due is recorded as
deferred rent within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and deferred
rent, non-current on the accompanying condensed consolidated Balance Sheet
as
of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations
of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments,
accounts receivable, accounts receivable from related parties, accounts payable
and accrued expenses. At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the fair
values of these financial instruments approximated their carrying values due
to
the short-term nature of these instruments.
Foreign
Currency Translation
In
accordance with the provision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard,
or
SFAS, No. 52,
Foreign Currency Translation
(“SFAS No.
52”),
Audible UK, whose functional currency is the British Pound,
translates its balance sheet into U.S. dollars at the prevailing rate at the
balance sheet date and translates its revenues, costs and expenses at the
average rates prevailing during each reporting period. Net gains or losses
resulting from the translation of Audible UK's financial statements are
accumulated and charged directly to accumulated other comprehensive loss, a
component of stockholders' equity.
Prior
to
2007, Audible Inc. made cash fundings to Audible UK to assist with its cash
flow
needs. All of these fundings were made with the intention of treating them
as a
long-term investment. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 52, the
foreign currency gain/loss at each reporting period resulting from the long-term
inter-company account is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss,
a component of stockholders’ equity. Other inter-company transactions between
Audible, Inc. and Audible UK that are not considered long-term in nature, and
other transactions denominated in a foreign currency, give rise to foreign
exchange gains or losses, which are reported in other income (expense) on the
condensed consolidated Statement of Operations, in accordance with SFAS No.
52.
Reclassifications
Certain
prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period
presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on stockholders equity,
net
loss or loss per share for any period.
Investments
Accounted For Under the Equity Method of Accounting
Prior
to
the additional contribution made to Audible Germany (see Note 6) by a new
investor in July 2006, the Company’s ownership percentage of Audible Germany was
greater than 50%. Under Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue No. 96-16,
Investor’s Accounting for an Investee when the Investor has a Majority of
the Voting Interest but the Minority Shareholder of Shareholders Have Certain
Approval or Veto Rights
(“EITF No. 96-16”), the Company had determined that
the minority shareholders, together have significant participatory rights,
allowing them to participate in significant decisions of Audible Germany and
to
block significant decisions proposed by Audible. As a result of the significant
participatory rights held by the minority shareholders, the Company did not
have
unilateral control over Audible Germany. Therefore, the Company did not
consolidate the results of Audible Germany but rather accounted for its
investment in Audible Germany under the equity method of accounting. Under
the
equity method of accounting, the Company records its pro-rata share of the
profits, if any, and its pro-rata of the equity losses but only until such
time
that the Company records losses equal to the initial investment of the Company
plus any profits previously recorded. The initial investment was reduced to
zero
during 2004. Subsequent to the additional fundings made during 2006, the
Company’s ownership was reduced to 44.9%. In July 2007, the Company made an
additional cash investment of $1.0 million that increased its ownership to
45.4%. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007
respectively, the Company recognized its pro-rata loss of less than $0.1 million
under the equity method. During the three month periods ended September 30,
2007
and September 30, 2006, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.2 million,
respectively, in related party revenue. For the nine month periods ended
September 30, 2007 and September 30, 2006, the Company recognized $0.5 million
and $0.9 million, respectively, in related party revenue.
Revenue
Recognition
Content
and Services
Consumer
content revenue consists primarily of content sales made from the Company's
Web
sites and content sold through the Apple iTunes Store, under its agreement
with
Apple, Inc. (“Apple”). At the Company's Web sites, customers purchase content
either through an AudibleListener membership plan or on an a la carte basis.
When purchased on an a la carte basis, the Company recognizes revenue from
the
sale of individual content titles in the period when the content is purchased
and delivered. The Company generally recognizes revenue from the sale of a
la
carte content subscriptions pro rata over the term of the subscription
period.
In
July
2006, the Company entered into a global master agreement with Apple that
replaced prior agreements entered into with Apple. The Company continues to
recognize revenue from sales made at the Apple iTunes Store in the period
when the content is purchased and delivered. However, in accordance with
the terms of the new agreement, the amount of revenue the Company
recognizes on each sale is now formula-driven, derived from the
Apple iTunes selling price and the content cost of each audio
book.
The
“legacy” AudibleListener monthly membership plans generally provide customers
two audio credits for a fixed monthly fee. Customers may use these audio credits
to download audio of their choice from the Web site. “Legacy” AudibleListener
audio credits provided under a monthly membership plan have a life of 30 days,
after which they expire. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of legacy
AudibleListener memberships ratably over the AudibleListener members’ monthly
membership period, which is 30 days. This results in approximately 50% of the
AudibleListener membership fees received during each calendar month being
deferred at month end and recognized as content revenue in the following
month.
In
December 2005, the Company introduced new AudibleListener monthly and annual
membership plans, designed to provide customers more flexibility in using their
audio credits. Depending upon the AudibleListener membership plan, customers
receive and can “bank” or delay using a maximum number of audio credits,
depending on the membership plan. The banking feature results in audio credits
being used (delivered) over different periods for different customers. This
may
result in slower revenue growth or less revenue than the Company experienced
in
prior periods because the customer has a longer period of time to use his/her
audio credits. In addition, some of the new AudibleListener plans include new
membership benefits, ranging from a complimentary audio newspaper delivered
each
weekday to everyday discounts of 30% on a la carte purchases. The audio
newspaper and 30% discount benefits are “serial” elements that are delivered
continuously over the membership period, whereas the content selections
underlying the audio credits are discrete elements that are delivered at
different times based on individual customer behavior. As a result of the
characteristics of the new AudibleListener memberships, they are considered
revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables; however under EITF No.
00-21,
Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables
(“EITF No.
00-21”)
,
because the deliverables are not eligible for separation, they
are accounted for as a single unit of accounting. As a result, revenue is
recognized for these new AudibleListener membership plans using the lesser
of
straight-line or proportional performance (based on content delivery) over
the
maximum membership period.
Upon
launch of the new AudibleListener plans in December 2005, the legacy
AudibleListener plans were no longer available to new customers, except for
UK
customers who purchase their memberships from the UK Web site. Customers who
have legacy memberships have the option of either converting to one of the
new
AudibleListener membership plans or continuing their legacy membership. Revenue
is recognized from the sale of UltimateListener, the legacy prepaid discounted
content package, in which the customer receives twelve audio credits, and gift
programs, when the content is downloaded, over the membership period or
subscription period, as applicable.
Point
of Sale Rebates and Discount Certificate Rebates
Part
of
the Company's marketing strategy to obtain new AudibleListener members includes
retail promotions in which the Company pays retailers to offer discounts to
consumers on their purchase of AudibleReady devices if they become
AudibleListener members for twelve months. The Company also has retail
promotions in which it purchases electronic discount certificates or gift cards
from retailers and gives them away to the Company's customers when they sign
up
to be AudibleListener members for twelve months. Point of sale rebates, which
are discounts given by a third party retailer to a customer on the purchase
of a
digital audio player at the point of sale of the Audible membership, are
recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the discount is given in
accordance with EITF No. 01-9,
Accounting for Consideration Given by a
Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendor's Products)
(“EITF
No. 01-9”). The cost of discount certificate rebates and gift cards that are
given to a customer by the Company at the time the customer purchases the
Audible membership are recorded as a cost of content and services revenue in
accordance with EITF No. 01-9.
Services
Revenue
Services
revenue primarily consists of corporate, library and school sales. Where
applicable, the Company recognizes service revenue as services are performed
after persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, the price is fixed, and
collectibility is reasonably assured. Collectibility is based on past
transaction history and credit-worthiness of the customer.
Hardware
Revenue
Hardware
revenue consists of sales of AudibleReady digital audio players. Most of the
Company's AudibleReady digital audio devices are sold at a discount or given
away when a customer signs up for a three or six-month or one-year commitment
to
an AudibleListener membership. For multiple-element arrangements in which a
customer signs up for a
membership
and receives an audio player for free, revenue is first allocated to the two
elements (device and membership) using the relative fair value method under
EITF
No. 00-21. However, the delivered item (hardware) is limited to the
non-contingent consideration, which, for a free device, consists of only
shipping and handling fees. The free hardware device reflects the subsidy
incurred to acquire a customer with a commitment to AudibleListener. For players
sold separately, hardware revenue is recognized upon shipment of the device,
pursuant to a customer order and credit card authorization and includes amounts
received for shipping and handling.
Related
Party Revenue
Related
party revenue consists of revenue earned under agreements with Audible Germany
(see Note 6) and France Loisirs (see Note 7). Revenue under the Audible Germany
agreement includes $0.1 million earned per quarter over the initial 30-month
term of the agreement All amounts related to the original 30-month agreement
with Audible Germany had been recognized as of March 31, 2007. Revenue under
the
France Loisirs agreement included a $1.0 million technology licensing fee that
was recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial 24-month term of the
agreement, which began on September 15, 2004. France Loisirs had paid the full
amount as of December 31, 2006 and all revenue related to this agreement had
been recognized as of December 31, 2006. Revenue earned under each of these
agreements also includes consulting services performed by certain of the
Company's employees and reimbursement of certain incremental costs incurred
by
the Company that are billed to Audible Germany and France Loisirs in accordance
with EITF Issue 01-14,
Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursement
Received for Out-of-Pocket' Expenses Incurred
(“EITF No.
01-14”).
Other
Revenue
Other
revenue of $0.2 and $0.1 million for the three month periods ended September
30,
2007 and 2006, respectively and $0.4 and $0.3 for the nine month periods ended
September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively primarily included revenue for fees
earned for production of audio content under a product development and
distribution agreement that began in July 2005, which is being recognized on
a
straight-line basis over a 58-month period until the expiration of the agreement
in May 2010.
Customer
Concessions
The
Company defers revenue for expected replacement audio credits to legacy members
based on historical experience of the credits issued. The Company defers revenue
for other audio credits and coupons when they are delivered to the customers
based on estimated values. Actual customer credit and coupon issuance and usage
patterns could differ from the Company's estimates. The concessions are recorded
as a reduction of revenue and an increase to deferred revenue.
Cost
of Content and Services Revenue
Cost
of
content and services revenue includes royalties incurred on sales of content
as
specified by the terms of the content agreements, discount certificate rebates,
amortization of audio production costs incurred in connection with creation
of
certain audio products, and other non-recoupable content costs. Royalty expense
for sales of content is incurred based on either a percentage of revenue or
a
fixed price per title as per the royalty agreement. The royalty cost per title
may differ depending upon whether the title is sold as part of the
AudibleListener membership or sold as an a la carte sale.
Shipping
and Handling Costs
Shipping
and handling costs, which consist of costs and fees associated with warehousing,
fulfillment, and shipment of digital audio devices to customers, are recorded
as
a component of marketing expense in the condensed consolidated Statements of
Operations. These costs totaled less than $0.1 million for the three and nine
month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Advertising
Expenses
The
Company expenses the costs of advertising and promoting its products and
services as incurred. These costs are included in marketing expense in the
accompanying condensed consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $1.5
million and $1.1 million for the three month periods ended September 30, 2007
and 2006, respectively, and $4.2 million and $5.2 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Legal
Fees
The
Company expenses legal fees, including those expected to be incurred in
connection with loss contingencies, as incurred.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant items subject
to
estimates include the recoverability of the carrying amount of property and
equipment (including internally developed software), the provision for refunds
and chargebacks, customer concessions, recoverability of royalty advances,
recoverability of audio production costs, lease period when right of
cancellation exists, valuation of deferred tax assets, certain accruals and
fair
value of share-based compensation. Actual results could differ from
estimates.
Income
Taxes
The
Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method of SFAS
No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes
(“SFAS No. 109”). Under the asset
and liability method, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are
recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between
the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities
and
their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax
assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in results of
operations in the period in which the tax change occurs. Deferred tax assets
are
reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits, which
are
more likely than not, not going to be realized.
Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
On
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting
Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty
in Income Taxes
(“FIN No. 48”), an interpretation of SFAS No. 109. FIN No.
48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the
financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or
expected to be taken in a tax return. The interpretation requires that the
Company recognize the tax benefit of a tax position in the financial statements
if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on audit,
based upon technical merits of the position. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance
on de-recognition of tax accruals, classification of current and deferred tax
accounts, accruals for interest and penalties, and accounting in interim and
year end periods, including disclosures.
The
Company files federal and State of New Jersey corporate income tax returns.
The
Company also files a corporate income tax return in the United Kingdom. All
tax
years since inception are open to tax examination by the taxing authorities
for
possible adjustments to the net operating losses but not for assessment. The
statute of limitations for assessment of tax is generally three years from
the
last date prescribed by law for the filing of the return for federal, as well
as
for the State of New Jersey, and six years for the United Kingdom. The years
currently open for federal income tax assessment includes calendar years 2003
through 2006, calendar years 2003 through 2006 for New Jersey income tax
assessment purposes, and calendar years 2005 through 2006 for the United
Kingdom. The Company is not currently under examination by any of the above
jurisdictions for any of the open years as above.
The
implementation of FIN No. 48 has not resulted in any adjustment to the Company’s
beginning tax position or tax position for the three or nine month periods
ended
September 30, 2007.
Basic
and Diluted Net Loss per Share
Basic
net
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share reflects
the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to
issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and resulted
in
the issuance of common stock. Potential common shares consist primarily of
incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, warrants
and the vesting of restricted stock units using the treasury stock
method.
For
the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, diluted net
loss
per share is equal to basic net loss per share and diluted common shares
outstanding is equal to basic common shares outstanding, since all potential
common stock was anti-dilutive.
For
the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, all potential
common shares have been excluded from the diluted calculation since the Company
was in a net loss position, and their inclusion would have been
anti-dilutive.
The
following table summarizes the potential common shares excluded from the diluted
calculation:
|
|
For
the three and nine month periods ended September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Stock
options
|
|
|
2,052,913
|
|
|
|
2,307,598
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
413,999
|
|
|
|
716,723
|
|
Restricted
Stock
|
|
|
1,042,897
|
|
|
|
869,360
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,509,809
|
|
|
|
3,893,681
|
|
Share-Based
Compensation
In
accordance with SFAS No. 123 (Revised),
Share-Based Payment
(“SFAS No.
123R”), the Company measures compensation cost for stock awards at fair value
and recognizes compensation over the requisite service period for awards
expected to vest. Estimating the portion of stock awards that will ultimately
vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates
differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts are recorded in the
period estimates are revised. The Company considers several factors when
estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class,
and
historical experience. The Company also considers several factors when
estimating expected volatility and expected life of the option. The expense
is
recorded on the income statement based on the department the employee is
in.
(3)
Property
and Equipment
Property
and equipment at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 consisted of the
following (in thousands):
|
|
September
30,
2007
|
|
|
December
31, 2006
|
|
Computer
server and Web site equipment
|
|
$
|
8,028
|
|
|
$
|
7,687
|
|
Software
licenses
|
|
|
3,915
|
|
|
|
4,235
|
|
Internally
developed software
|
|
|
3,377
|
|
|
|
2,779
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
|
3,435
|
|
|
|
1,011
|
|
Office
furniture and equipment
|
|
|
2,339
|
|
|
|
1,720
|
|
Studio
equipment
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
|
667
|
|
Work
in process
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
326
|
|
Construction
in progress
|
|
|
1,204
|
|
|
|
443
|
|
Total
property and equipment
|
|
|
23,536
|
|
|
|
18,868
|
|
Less:
accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(12,781
|
)
|
|
|
(10,719
|
)
|
Total
property and equipment, net
|
|
$
|
10,755
|
|
|
$
|
8,149
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization expense on property and equipment totaled $1.3 million during
the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. Depreciation and
amortization expense on property and equipment totaled $4.0 million and $3.7
million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
For
the
nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company reduced both fixed assets
and
accumulated depreciation when it retired $1.7 million in fully depreciated
assets related to the office move.
The
gross
amount of property and equipment and related accumulated amortization recorded
under capital leases were as follows (in thousands):
|
|
September
30,
2007
|
|
|
December
31, 2006
|
|
Computer
server and Web site equipment
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
Less:
accumulated amortization
|
|
|
(743
|
)
|
|
|
(685
|
)
|
Total
computer server and Web site equipment, net
|
|
$
|
--
|
|
|
$
|
58
|
|
(4)
Accrued
Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
The
components of the accrued expenses and other current liabilities balance were
as
follows (in thousands):
|
|
September
30,
2007
|
|
|
December
31, 2006
|
|
Professional
fees
|
|
$
|
1,024
|
|
|
$
|
958
|
|
Construction
in progress
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Revenue
sharing and bounty payments
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
|
630
|
|
Liabilities
- related parties
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
Software
license fees
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
Value
added tax
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
708
|
|
Royalty
obligations
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
242
|
|
Consulting
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
232
|
|
Retail
rebates and discounts
|
|
|
118
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
Marketing
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
Other
accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
|
642
|
|
Total
accrued expenses
|
|
$
|
4,243
|
|
|
$
|
4,678
|
|
(5)
Stockholders'
Equity
The
following is a summary of the consolidated Stockholders' Equity activity for
the
nine months ended September 30, 2007 (in thousands except share
data):
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Par
value
|
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
|
|
Total
stockholders' equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 2006
|
|
|
24,119,768
|
|
|
$
|
241
|
|
|
$
|
190,799
|
|
|
$
|
(36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(140,538
|
)
|
|
$
|
50,466
|
|
Issuance
of restricted stock
|
|
|
97,315
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Exercise
of common stock options
|
|
|
165,186
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
469
|
|
Share-based
compensation expense
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
4,577
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
4,577
|
|
Payment
of taxes due on vested restricted stock
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,527
|
)
|
|
|
(1,527
|
)
|
Balance
at September 30, 2007
|
|
|
24,382,269
|
|
|
$
|
244
|
|
|
$
|
195,394
|
|
|
$
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
(142,065
|
)
|
|
$
|
53,516
|
|
Common
Stock
As
of
September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had outstanding 24,382,269
and 24,119,768, respectively, shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2007
and December 31, 2006, the Company had 3,509,809 and 3,942,674, respectively,
shares of common stock reserved for common stock warrants, options and
restricted stock.
Share-Based
Compensation
The
Company's 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) permits the granting of stock
options, stock appreciation rights, restricted or unrestricted stock awards,
performance rights and other stock-based awards to employees. Beginning in
the
second quarter of 2007, for option awards granted to Audible employees as part
of their compensation package, the exercise price is determined by the opening
price of Audible's common stock on the grant date, which for new employees
is
the employee's start date. Prior to the second quarter of 2007, the exercise
price for stock options was determined by the closing price of Audible’s common
stock on either the day immediately preceding a new employee’s start date or the
date immediately preceding the grant date for existing employees. This change
in
policy had no impact on any previously granted options. The majority of options
granted vest over a fifty-month period and expire ten years from the date of
the
grant. All share-based compensation is granted through share-based employee
compensation plans maintained by Audible. The total aggregate number of common
shares under the Plan is 5,700,000 shares, of which approximately 742,000 shares
authorized remain available for issuance of new awards.
Effective
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R utilizing the modified
prospective approach. Total compensation expense for share-based payment
arrangements recognized for the three month periods ended September 30, 2007
and
2006 respectively was $1.5 million. The Company recorded compensation expense
of
$4.6 million and $4.2 million for the nine month periods ended September 30,
2007 and 2006, respectively.
(in
thousands)
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Operations
|
|
$
|
243
|
|
|
$
|
324
|
|
|
$
|
808
|
|
|
$
|
767
|
|
Technology
and Development
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
281
|
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
|
699
|
|
Marketing
|
|
|
292
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
898
|
|
|
|
796
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
|
629
|
|
|
|
2,067
|
|
|
|
1,900
|
|
Total
Compensation Expense
|
|
$
|
1,469
|
|
|
$
|
1,505
|
|
|
$
|
4,577
|
|
|
$
|
4,162
|
|
Stock
Options
The
Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value
of stock options with the following weighted-average assumptions for the
indicated periods:
|
|
Three
months ended
|
|
|
Nine
months ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend
yield
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
77.33
|
%
|
|
|
76.56
|
%
|
|
|
77.33
|
%
|
|
|
76.56
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
4.38
|
%
|
|
|
4.50
|
%
|
|
|
4.38
|
%
|
|
|
4.50
|
%
|
Expected
life of option (years)
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
|
|
4.63
|
|
|
|
4.58
|
|
|
|
4.63
|
|
The
assumptions above are based on multiple factors, including historical exercise
patterns of employees in relatively homogeneous groups with respect to exercise
and post-vesting employment termination behaviors, expected future exercising
patterns for these same homogeneous groups and both the implied and historical
volatility of the Company’s stock price. The expected life of the option
represents the period of time that the option granted is expected to be
outstanding. Expected volatility is calculated based on the historical and
implied volatility of the Company’s stock price. The risk free interest rate is
based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve commensurate with the expected term
in
effect at the time of grant. For the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company did not grant a significant number
of
stock option awards, and therefore there was no re-measurement done for the
assumptions used.
During
the three months ended September 30, 2007, the Company granted options to
purchase 75,000 shares of common stock under the Plan. During the three months
ended September 30, 2006, the Company did not grant any awards under the
Plan.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company granted
options to purchase 145,000 and 13,100 shares of common stock, respectively,
under the Plan. During the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006,
respectively, options to purchase 11,327 and 27,986 shares of common stock
were
forfeited due to employee terminations. During the nine months ended
September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, 153,142 and 187,781 shares of
common
stock were forfeited due to employee terminations.
Restricted
Stock
During
the three month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company granted
awards to receive 114,976 and 71,900 restricted stock units, respectively,
to
employees under the Plan. During the nine month periods ended September 30,
2007
and 2006, the Company granted awards to receive 257,176 and 733,300 restricted
stock units, respectively, to employees under the Plan. The restricted shares
either cliff-vest or vest periodically between three months and forty-eight
months after the grant date. During the three month periods ended September
30,
2007 and 2006, respectively, 27,179 and 74,500, restricted stock units were
forfeited due to employee terminations. During the nine month periods ended
September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, 64,534 and 115,300, restricted stock
units were forfeited due to employee terminations. Actual shares under these
awards are not issued until vesting is complete. Under the terms of the
restricted stock awards, unless different provisions are noted on the restricted
stock award, the Company is required to issue to the recipient the number of
whole shares of common stock that equals the number of vested whole restricted
stock shares following the date on which the restricted stock share becomes
vested.
In
accordance with the terms of the restricted stock unit award agreement, the
Company has the right to deduct from any compensation due the employee, the
amount of any federal, state or local taxes required by law to be withheld
as a
result of vesting of the restricted stock units; provided, however, that the
value of the shares of common stock withheld may not exceed the statutory
minimum withholding amount required by law. In lieu of such deduction, the
Company may require the employee to make a cash payment to the Company equal
to
the amount required to be withheld. During the three months ended
September 30, 2007, 19,713 shares were withheld from employees for the payment
for taxes due, at the employee’s election. No shares were withheld in the three
and nine month periods ended September 30, 2006.
Common
Stock Repurchase Program and Treasury Stock
In
February 2006, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a common stock
repurchase program, pursuant to which the Company may from time to time
repurchase (through open market repurchases at prevailing market prices), up
to
an aggregate of $25.0 million of the Company's outstanding common stock. During
the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, no shares were
repurchased. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, 462,300 shares
were repurchased, at an average price of $8.63. The Company subsequently legally
retired the treasury stock. As of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006,
the
Company held no shares of common stock as treasury stock.
Comprehensive
loss
The
following table sets forth comprehensive loss for the periods indicated (in
thousands):
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(192
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,525
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,527
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,747)
|
)
|
Other
comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
Comprehensive
loss
|
|
$
|
(200
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,532
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1548
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,785
|
)
|
(
6)
Investment in related Company (Audible Germany Agreement)
On
August
30, 2004, the Company, Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH (“Random House”) and
Holtzbrinck Networxs AG (“Holtzbrinck”) entered into a joint venture agreement
(the “Joint Venture”) to form Audible GmbH (“Audible Germany”). Random House is
an affiliate of Bertelsmann AG. Bertelsmann AG and its affiliates own
approximately 4.5% of Audible's common stock at September 30, 2007.
Audible
Germany has the exclusive rights to operate a German language Audible Web site.
Under the original Joint Venture, Random House and Holtzbrinck each contributed
a nominal amount in exchange for each receiving a 24.5% interest in
Audible
Germany. The Company was required to contribute a nominal amount in exchange
for
a 51% interest in Audible Germany. After the initial formation, Random House
and
Holtzbrinck were to provide additional equity financing of $1.5 million each
in
certain installments, subject to Audible Germany meeting certain milestones.
The
full amount has been funded by Random House and Holtzbrinck. In the event of
liquidation of Audible Germany, this additional financing by Random House and
Holtzbrinck accrues interest at 8% per annum and is senior to Audible's capital
investment. In July 2006, a new investor, Luebbe, contributed €0.3 million for a
5% interest in Audible Germany. This contribution reduced the Company’s interest
to 48% and Random House’s and Holzbrinck’s ownership percentage to 23.5% each.
The Company may, but is not obligated to, contribute additional capital to
the
entity. Any profits distributed by Audible Germany are to be distributed in
accordance with the ownership interests.
In
October 2006, the original Joint Venture agreement was amended to provide
additional financing commitments for the investors. Accordingly, additional
contributions were made by the Company and Holtzbrinck in October 2006 and
December 2006. During the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company contributed €0.3
million, or $0.4 million, which includes the amount that was due to the Company
from Audible Germany for services performed during the twelve month period
ended
December 31, 2006, and Holtzbrinck contributed €0.7 million. In addition, the
Company contributed a nominal amount and Holtzbrinck contributed a nominal
amount as statutory capital contributions during the fourth quarter of 2006.
These contributions further changed the ownership percentages to 44.9% for
the
Company, 30.9% for Holtzbrinck, 19.5% for Random House, and 4.7% for
Luebbe.
During
the first quarter of 2007, the Company contributed an additional amount of
$0.1
million for the amount that was due to the Company from Audible Germany for
services performed during this period. This contribution further changed the
ownership percentage to 45.3% for the Company, 30.7% for Holtzbrinck, 19.4%
for
Random House, and 4.6% for Luebbe.
In
July
2007, a second amendment was signed and executed to the original Joint
Venture agreement, which stipulated the additional financing commitments for
the
Company, Holtzbrinck, Random House, and a new investor, CSW. CSW, incorporated
in Germany, is an entity owned 100% by the managing director of Audible Germany.
Additional contributions were made by these investors as follows: Audible,
Inc.,
€0.7 million, Holtzbrinck, €0.5 million, Random House, €0.3 million, and CSW,
€0.2 million. In addition, each investor contributed statutory capital
contributions of less than €0.1 million. These contributions further
changed each investor’s ownership percentage to 45.4% for the Company, 29.7% for
Holtzbrinck, 19.5% for Random House, 3.4% for Luebbe, and 2.0% for
CSW.
At
the
time the Joint Venture was entered into, the Company had determined that Audible
Germany was not a variable interest entity as defined in FASB Interpretation
No.
46R,
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB
No. 51
(“FIN No. 46R”) because, as a development stage enterprise, Audible
Germany had sufficient equity to permit it to finance the activities in which
it
was currently engaged in without additional subordinated financial support.
In
addition, the other criteria within FIN No. 46R that would characterize Audible
Germany as a variable interest entity were not met. Rather, Audible Germany
was
considered to be a voting interest entity. Upon occurrence of the additional
financing in July 2006, the Company performed an analysis to determine whether
or not Audible Germany is a variable interest entity, as defined in FIN No.
46R.
Audible Germany is 100% equity funded and no debt exists or is planned.
Therefore, equity is deemed to be sufficient under the definition of FIN No.
46R
paragraph 5a. In addition, under paragraph 9 of FIN No. 46R, on a qualitative
basis, Audible Germany has demonstrated that it can finance its activities
without additional subordinated financial support, even though the equity may
be
less than 10% of the entity’s total assets. An entity that is able to support
its operations with existing equity has demonstrated the sufficiency of its
equity. Therefore, the Company has concluded that Audible Germany continues
to
be a voting interest entity.
Prior
to
the additional contribution made in July 2006, the Company’s ownership
percentage was greater than 50%. Under EITF No. 96-16,
the Company
had determined that the minority shareholders, together, have significant
participatory rights, allowing them to participate in significant decisions
of
Audible Germany and to block significant decisions proposed by Audible. As
a
result of the significant participatory rights held by the minority
shareholders, the Company did not have unilateral control over Audible Germany.
Therefore, Audible did not consolidate the results of Audible Germany but rather
accounted for its investment in Audible Germany under the equity method of
accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company records its
shares of the profits, if any, and its share of the equity losses but only
until
such time that the Company records losses equal to the initial investment of
the
Company plus any profits previously recorded. The initial investment was reduced
to zero during 2004. Subsequent to the additional fundings made in July 2006,
October 2006, December 2006, March 2007 and July 2007, the Company’s ownership
percentage was changed to 45.4% and therefore the equity method of accounting
for the investment in Audible Germany continues to apply regardless of the
significant participatory rights of the other investors.
In
connection with the Joint Venture, on August 30, 2004, the Company entered
into
a license and services agreement with Audible Germany (the “License”). Under the
License, Audible Germany launched a German language spoken word audio service.
The terms provide for the Company to provide intellectual property and
substantially all of the technological infrastructure for the operation of
the
service. In return, Audible Germany was required to pay Audible $0.9 million
over a 30-month period, beginning in September 2004. Every 60 days during this
agreement, the parties met to review and accept the services. The monthly
payments were subject to refund if Audible Germany did not accept the services,
subject to reasonable cure. Under the License, Audible recognized $0.1 million
of revenue per quarter once Audible Germany agreed that the services delivered
were satisfactory and collection of the amount was reasonably assured. Also
under the License, Audible Germany will pay the Company royalties ranging from
0.5% to 3% of revenue up to an annual royalty cap of the U.S. dollar equivalent
of €1.5 million, subject to Audible Germany achieving certain operating margins.
No royalties have been received by the Company under the License.
During
the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, the Company
recognized $0.1 million in related party revenue under the License. During
the
three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2006, the Company recognized
$0.2 million, respectively, in related party revenue. The full amount of
revenues recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 were not
collected in cash, but rather were contributed as the Company’s equity
investment in Audible Germany. As of September 30, 2007, the Company recorded
its share of the equity loss up to the amount of its investment of less than
$0.1 million, on the accompanying consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenues under the License have been fully recognized.
In
addition, the Company recognizes billings for certain consulting services and
related incremental reimbursable costs incurred in connection with the License
in accordance with EITF 01-14. These amounts are included in related party
revenue on the condensed consolidated Statements of Operations. During the
three
and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, $0.1 million and $0.4 million,
respectively, was recognized for these costs. During the three and nine month
periods ended September 30, 2006, none and $0.2 million, respectively, was
recognized for these costs. The Company accrues for amounts to be paid to
Audible Germany related to net profit earned by Audible, Inc. at the Apple
Germany iTunes music store. These amounts are included in accrued expenses
and
other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated Balance Sheets as of
September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, and marketing expense in the condensed
consolidated Statement of Operations. As of September 30, 2007, the Company
had
an account receivable balance of $0.2 million related to Audible Germany,
primarily related to accrued royalties and accrued revenue share expenses the
Company pays on Audible Germany’s behalf.
(7)
France Loisirs Agreement
On
September 15, 2004, the Company, France Loisirs S.A.S. (“France Loisirs”) and
Audio Direct S.A.S., a wholly owned subsidiary of France Loisirs (“Audio
Direct”), entered into a 24-month Master Alliance Agreement (the “Agreement”),
the term of which has been extended to March 31, 2010. France Loisirs is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann AG. During this time, terms and
conditions of the Agreement remain in effect. No additional fees will be paid
to
the Company other than billings for consulting and incremental costs and royalty
payments to the Company discussed below.
Under
the
Agreement, in the quarter ended March 31, 2005, France Loisirs launched a French
language spoken word audio service through Audio Direct. The terms provide
for
Audible to provide intellectual property and substantially all of the
technological infrastructure for the operation of the service. In return, France
Loisirs was required to pay Audible $1.0 million, payable as follows: $0.3
million in September 2004, $0.3 million in October 2004, $0.3 million in January
2005 and $0.1 million evenly over the following 12 months. As of December 31,
2006, the Company had received the full amount. Commencing the first fiscal
year
after the business achieves positive net income, the Company will receive a
royalty of 5% of the business's annual net paid revenue. Net paid revenue refers
to net revenues for digital spoken word content after the deduction of taxes
but
excluding certain hardware revenue. The 5% royalty will apply until the business
net paid revenue exceeds €20.0 million. Once net paid revenue exceeds €20.0
million, the Company will receive a flat fee of €1.0 million annually. If net
paid revenue exceeds €33.3 million, the Company will receive a royalty payment
of €1.0 million, plus 3% of net paid revenue in excess of €33.3 million. An
additional royalty is payable equal to one-half of the distributable pre-tax
profits of the business.
FIN
No.
46R addresses the consolidation by business enterprises of VIE and requires
that
if an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity,
the
assets, liabilities, and results of the activities of the variable interest
entity should be consolidated in the financial statements of the enterprise.
Audio
Direct is considered a VIE because its equity is not sufficient to permit the
entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial
support. Audible and France Loisirs form a related party group, as defined
in
FIN No. 46R, as a result of the Bertelsmann affiliation and the number of seats
that Bertelsmann holds on the Audible Board of Directors. Under FIN No. 46R,
the
entity within the related party group that is most closely associated with
the
variable interest entity is the primary beneficiary.
Based
upon analysis, the Company determined that France Loisirs is more closely
associated with Audio Direct, primarily because France Loisirs is required
to
fund the operations of Audio Direct, including the $1.0 million payment made
to
Audible. France Loisirs is therefore considered to be the primary beneficiary
of
Audio Direct. As a result, the Company does not consolidate the results of
Audio
Direct but rather accounts for its variable interest in Audio Direct under
the
cost method of accounting.
Because
the Company has not made and is not required to provide any funding to France
Loisirs or Audio Direct, it has no exposure to loss under the
Agreement.
The
$1.0
million in fees were non-refundable and not subject to any acceptance
provisions. Since fair values did not exist for the different services
(elements) that Audible provided, the services were considered a single unit
of
accounting under EITF No. 00-21 and accordingly, the $1.0 million in fees were
recognized as related party revenue on a straight-line basis over the 24-month
term, provided collectibility is reasonably assured. As of December 31, 2006,
the full amount had been collected and recognized as revenue.
The
Company recognized no revenue for the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 2007 related to the Agreement. The Company recognized $0.1 million
and $0.3 million of revenue during the three and nine month periods ended
September 30, 2006, respectively. In addition, the Company recognizes related
party revenue for billings for certain consulting services and related
incremental reimbursable costs incurred in connection with the Agreement in
accordance with EITF No. 01-14. These amounts are included in related party
revenue on the consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three and
nine
month periods ended September 30, 2007, the Company recognized less than $0.1
million and $0.1 million, respectively. During the three and nine month periods
ended September 30, 2006, less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively,
was recognized. The Company accrues for amounts to be paid to France
Loisirs related to net profit earned by Audible, Inc. at the Apple
France iTunes Store. These amounts are included in accrued expenses and other
current liabilities in the consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30,
2007
and December 31, 2006, and marketing expense in the condensed consolidated
Statements of Operations. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had an accounts
receivable balance of $0.1 million related to France Loisirs.
(8)
Apple Agreement
In
July
2006, the Company entered into a global master agreement with Apple that
replaced prior agreements entered into with Apple. Pursuant to the agreement,
the Company continues to be the exclusive source of audiobooks, book-related
content, and other spoken-word material to Apple’s iTunes Stores worldwide and
will continue to provide the iTunes Store with comedy, lectures, speeches,
periodicals, educational programs, Audible originals, spiritual programming,
paid podcasts, and other spoken-word programs. All Audible content will continue
to receive branding within the audio stream and visually in the iTunes Store.
All Apple iPods and iTunes applications will continue to be AudibleReady(R)
and
will work with the Audible service. Under the agreement, the Company has agreed
to certain exclusivity obligations that restrict the Company to varying degrees
from integrating Audible content into other internet-based services. The
agreement also provides that the Company’s revenue is formula-driven, based upon
the selling price on the iTunes Store and the content cost. Under the prior
agreements, the Company’s revenue was a fixed price, based upon a percentage of
either the manufacturer’s suggested retail price or amount the item was sold for
on the Audible service. This change in payment structure resulted in a change
in
the manner in which the Company calculates revenue under the current agreement.
The current agreement also changed the terms of the revenue share payments
due
to Apple. Under the terms of the previous agreements, the Company paid Apple
a
revenue share based on number of customers who used the iTunes software to
download digital audio. In the current agreement, the revenue share due to
Apple
is a percentage of sales made by customers who are referred directly by Apple
to
the Company’s Web site. The term of the new agreement expires on September 30,
2010.
(9)
Product Development, Licensing, Marketing and Distribution
Agreement
On
May
16, 2005, the Company entered into a five-year agreement with a new
content provider to develop, license, market and distribute audio
content. The Company is paid an exclusivity fee, a product development fee
and production fees for audio content produced under the
agreement. In addition, the Company will make royalty and revenue
sharing payments to the content provider based on sales of the products
produced. As of September 30, 2007, the Company billed the current provider
$1.7
million in connection with this agreement. The fees associated with this
agreement are being amortized over a 58-month period beginning in the month
the
Company commenced production of audio through the expiration of the agreement.
During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2007, $0.1 million
and $0.4 million, respectively, were recorded as other revenue in connection
with this agreement. During the three and nine month periods ended September
30,
2006, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, was recorded as other revenue
for both periods in connection with this agreement. As of September 30, 2007,
the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.6 million as deferred revenue
current and non-current, respectively, on the accompanying condensed
consolidated Balance Sheet, relating to this agreement, representing cash
received in advance of being recognized as revenue. As of December 31, 2006,
the
Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.5 million as deferred revenue
current and non-current, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated Balance
Sheet, relating to this agreement.
(10)
Commitments and Contingencies
Lease
Obligations
In
September 2006, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space
in
Newark, NJ. The Company occupies two floors with an approximate space of 49,600
square feet, which is used as its corporate headquarters. The term of the
agreement is through June 2014 and there is a one time only option to terminate
the lease agreement after June 2012 upon 12 months prior written notice to
the
landlord. The Company has no current plans to terminate the lease agreement
early. Audible UK leases office space, which includes office amenities, under
a
lease that expires in May 2008. The Company also leases office space in Tokyo,
Japan where a local representative assists the Company in securing local
Japanese content. This lease expires in June 2008. Total future minimum lease
obligations as of September 30, 2007 under these lease arrangements are $8.1
million.
Rent
expense of $0.3 million was recorded under operating leases for the three months
ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and $0.9 million and $0.6
million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Access to the space for the new corporate office was provided to the Company
at
the time the lease was executed in September 2006, so it could design and
develop the office as needed in order to move in timely. Based on the Company’s
evaluation, this period was included in calculating the straight-line rent
expense.
Service
Agreements
The
Company has entered into operational and marketing agreements or purchase orders
with various vendors to provide certain contracted services. The majority of
the
amounts committed are for hosting services related to the Company’s Web site.
Most of these service agreements are cancellable but require significant
penalties for cancellation.
Royalty
Obligations
Royalty
obligations represent payments to be made to various content providers pursuant
to minimum guarantees under their royalty agreements, net of royalties paid.
The
royalty obligations recorded in the accompanying consolidated Balance Sheets
are
classified between current and non-current based on the payment terms specified
in the agreements, and relate to audio content that has been delivered to
Audible. Royalty obligations pursuant to minimum guarantees for audio content
to
be delivered in the future are reflected as a commitment in the
table.
Purchase
Commitments
Purchase
commitments represent agreements the Company has made for future purchases
of
goods and services. The balance primarily consists of amounts committed for
marketing services.
Summary
of Cash Commitments and Obligations
The
following table shows future cash payments due under the Company's commitments
and obligations as of September 30, 2007 (in thousands):
Year
|
|
Lease
Obligations
(1)
|
|
|
Royalty
Obligations
(2)
|
|
|
Service
Agreements
|
|
|
Purchase
Commitments
|
|
|
Total
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
265
|
|
|
$
|
254
|
|
|
$
|
658
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
1,485
|
|
2008
|
|
|
1,046
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
1,359
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
2009
|
|
|
1,066
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,097
|
|
2010
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
2011
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
2012
& Thereafter
|
|
|
3,255
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
3,255
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
331
|
|
|
$
|
2,048
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
10,675
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Of
the $8.0 million in total operating leases, $7.9 million relates to the new
office lease agreement entered into in September 2006, of which $0.8
million is recorded as deferred rent, noncurrent in the accompanying condensed
consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2007.
(2)
Of
the $0.3 million in total royalty obligations, $0.2 million is recorded in
accrued expenses and $0.1 million is recorded as royalty obligations,
non-current, in the accompanying condensed consolidated Balance Sheet as of
September 30, 2007. The remaining obligation relates to content that had not
yet
been delivered as of September 30, 2007.
Contingencies
Various
legal actions, claims, assessments and other contingencies arising in the normal
course of business, in addition to the matters described below, are pending
against the Company. All of these matters are subject to many uncertainties,
and
it is possible that some of these matters could be ultimately decided, resolved
or settled adversely. The Company has recorded accruals for losses related
to
those matters which it considers to be probable and that can be reasonably
estimated. Although the ultimate amount of liability at September 30, 2007
that
may result from those matters for which accruals have been recorded may differ,
the Company believes that any amounts exceeding the recorded accruals would
not
be material to the consolidated financial position or results of
operations.
In
June
2001, the Company and certain of its officers were named as defendants in a
securities class action filed in United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York related to the Company’s initial public offering in July
1999. The lawsuits also named certain of the underwriters of the IPO as well
as
certain of its officers and directors and former directors as defendants.
Approximately 300 other issuers and their underwriters have had similar suits
filed against them, all of which are included in a single coordinated proceeding
in the Southern District of New York (the “IPO Litigations”). An amended
complaint was filed on April 19, 2002. The complaints allege that the prospectus
and the registration statement for the Company’s IPO failed to disclose that the
underwriters allegedly solicited and received “excessive” commissions from
investors and that some investors in their IPO allegedly agreed with the
underwriters to buy additional shares in the aftermarket in order to inflate
the
price of our stock. The Company and certain of our officers, directors, and
former directors were named in the suits pursuant to Section 11 of the
Securities Act of 1933, Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act of 1934, and other
related provisions. The complaints seek unspecified damages, attorneys' and
expert fees, and other unspecified litigation costs.
On
July
1, 2002, the underwriter defendants in the consolidated actions moved to dismiss
all of the IPO Litigations, including the action involving us. On July 15,
2002
the Company, along with other non-underwriter defendants in the coordinated
cases, also moved to dismiss the IPO Litigations. On February 19, 2003, the
court ruled on the motions. The court granted their motion to dismiss the claims
against us under Rule 10b-5, due to the insufficiency of the allegations against
us. The motions to dismiss the claims under Section 11 of the Securities Act
were denied as to virtually all of the defendants in the consolidated cases,
including the Company’s. The Company’s individual officers, directors and former
director defendants in the IPO Litigation signed a tolling agreement and were
dismissed from the action without prejudice on October 9, 2002.
In
June
2003, a proposed settlement of this litigation was reached among the plaintiffs,
the issuer defendants in the consolidated actions, the issuer officers and
directors named as defendants, and the issuers' insurance companies. The
settlement would provide, among other things, a release for the Company and
for
the individual defendants for the conduct
alleged
to be wrongful in the amended complaint. The Company would agree to undertake
other responsibilities under the partial settlement, including agreeing to
assign away, not assert, or release certain potential claims that they may
have
against the underwriters. Any direct financial impact of the proposed settlement
is expected to be borne by the Company’s insurance carriers.
In
June
2004, the proposed settlement was submitted to the court for preliminary
approval. The court requested that any objections to preliminary approval of
the
settlement be submitted by July 14, 2004, and the underwriter defendants
formally objected to the settlement. The plaintiff and issuer defendants
separately filed replies to the underwriter defendants' objections to the
settlement on August 4, 2004. The court granted preliminary approval on February
15, 2005, subject to certain modifications. On August 31, 2005, the court issued
a preliminary order further approving the modifications to the settlement and
certifying the settlement cases. The court also appointed the Notice
Administrator for the settlement and ordered that notice of the settlement
be
distributed to all settlement class members beginning on November 15, 2005.
The
settlement fairness hearing was held on April 26, 2006, and the court reserved
decision. The plaintiffs have continued to litigate against the underwriter
defendants. The district court directed that the litigation proceed within
a
number of “focus cases” rather than in all of the 310 cases that have been
consolidated. The Company’s case is not one of these focus cases. On October 13,
2004, the district court certified the focus cases as class actions. The
underwriter defendants appealed the ruling, and on December 5, 2006, the Court
of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the district court’s class
certification decision. On April 6, 2007, the Second Circuit denied plaintiffs’
petition for a rehearing. In light of the Second Circuit opinion, the district
court has been informed that the settlement cannot be approved because the
defined settlement class, like the litigation class, cannot be certified. On
June 25, 2007, the district court entered into an order terminating the
settlement agreement. There can be no assurance that a settlement that complies
with the Second Circuit’s mandate can be renegotiated.
On
August
14, 2007, the plaintiffs filed their second consolidated amended class action
complaints against the focus cases and on September 27, 2007, filed motions
for
class certification again. The focus case issuer and underwriter
defendants intend to move for dismissal of these second amended
complaints.
Due
to
the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot accurately predict
the ultimate outcome of the matter.
Starting
on or about February 22, 2005, several class actions were filed against the
Company and two of the Company’s executives in the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey. The plaintiffs purport to represent a class
consisting of all persons (other than the Company’s officers and directors and
their affiliates) who purchased the Company’s securities between November 2,
2004 and February 15, 2005 (the "Class Period"). The plaintiffs allege that
the
defendants violated Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and
Rule 10b-5 there under by failing to make complete and accurate disclosures
concerning the Company’s future plans and prospects. The individual defendants
are also alleged to be liable under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. All
of
the defendants are alleged to have sold stock at inflated prices during the
Class Period. In December 2005, the United States District Court for the
District of New Jersey consolidated the class action, appointed a group of
lead
plaintiffs and appointed lead plaintiff's counsel. By prior agreement, the
plaintiff's consolidated amended complaint was filed on February 14, 2006.
The
plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and their reasonable costs and
expenses, including counsel fees and expert fees. The defendants moved to
dismiss the pleading. In March 2007, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to
dismiss the plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint but granted the
plaintiffs leave to amend. The plaintiffs have filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the defendants have opposed. The Court has yet to rule
on
the motion.
In
April
2005, a derivative action was filed in the state court of New Jersey against
the
Company, the two executives named as individual defendants in the class actions
described above, six of the Company’s outside directors, and three stockholders.
The derivative action made the same factual allegations as the class actions
described above and added allegations that the six outside directors named
as
defendants and/or the stockholders who nominated them sold stock at inflated
prices at or about the time of the secondary offering of securities that the
Company made in November 2004. The plaintiff in this derivative action purported
to seek a recovery of the damages allegedly sustained by the Company rather
than
by investors who allegedly purchased securities at inflated prices.
In
May
2005, the Company learned of a second derivative action which was filed during
April 2005 in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
against them, the two executives named as individual defendants in the class
actions described above, and all seven of the Company’s outside directors. The
derivative action makes the same allegations as the class actions described
above and adds allegations that all of the individual defendants are responsible
for an alleged failure of internal controls that resulted in the 45-day delay
in
the filing of the Company’s Form 10-K for 2004. The plaintiff
in
this
derivative action purports to seek a recovery of the damages allegedly sustained
by the Company rather than by investors who allegedly purchased securities
at
inflated prices.
The
plaintiffs in the derivative actions voluntarily agreed to stay those actions
pending the outcome of the Company’s anticipated motion to dismiss the class
actions described above. More recently, the state derivative action was
dismissed without prejudice because the Court preferred that course of action
to
staying the action. The state derivative action could be re-commenced if the
securities class action survives the defendant's motion to dismiss.
The
Company believes that all of the claims relating to the 2005 class action
described above are without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously.
Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and because these actions are
at
a preliminary stage, the Company cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome
of these matters.
On
October 5, 2007, Digital Reg of Texas, LLC, a patent holding company, filed
a
complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging
that the Company, among numerous other defendants, infringes a patent
purportedly relating to the Company’s Digital Rights Management technology. The
Company intends to defend against the claim vigorously, but at this time is
unable to predict the outcome of the suit or reasonably estimate any possible
loss.
On
October 9, 2007, Vanessa Simmonds, a purported stockholder of the
Company, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of
Washington against Credit Suisse Group and JP Morgan & Co., the lead
underwriters of the Company’s initial public offering in July
1999, alleging violations of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 78p(b). The complaint seeks to recover from
the lead underwriters any “short-swing profits” obtained by them in
violation of Section 16(b). The Company was named as a nominal defendant in
the action, but have no liability for the asserted claims. The Company is
considering what, if any, action to take in response to this litigation.
The Company does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of this
litigation will have a material adverse impact on our financial
position.
(11)
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash
Paid for Interest and Taxes
No
interest was paid during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and
2006.
No
income
taxes were paid in the nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and
2006.
The
Company recorded an accrual for property and equipment (CIP) of $0.7 million
for
the nine month period ended September 30, 2007.
(12)
Customer Concentration
For
the
three month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, Apple accounted for
28.8%
and 21.5% of total revenue, respectively.
For
the
nine month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, Apple accounted for 29.6%
and 22.0% of total revenue, respectively.
As
of
September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, Apple accounted for 68.5% and 64.1%,
respectively, of the Company's accounts receivable.
(13)
Financial Information by Geographic Area
Revenue
and long-lived assets for the Company's United States and United Kingdom
operations are as follows (in thousands):
Revenue
|
|
United
States
|
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
|
|
Consolidated
|
|
Three
months ended September 30, 2007
|
|
$
|
26,101
|
|
|
$
|
1,517
|
|
|
$
|
27,618
|
|
Three
months ended September 30, 2006
|
|
|
19,109
|
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
|
20,026
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine
months ended September 30, 2007
|
|
|
74,654
|
|
|
|
4,175
|
|
|
|
78,829
|
|
Nine
months ended September 30, 2006
|
|
|
56,705
|
|
|
|
2,177
|
|
|
|
58,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September
30, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-lived
assets
|
|
|
13,307
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
13,345
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September
30, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-lived
assets
|
|
|
9,556
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
9,602
|
|
ITEM
2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations
(dollars
in thousands except per share data)
The
following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto appearing in our 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of
factors.
This
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements and
information relating to our Company. We generally identify forward-looking
statements using words like “believe,” “intend,” “will,” “expect,” “may,”
“should,” “plan,” “project,” “contemplate,” “anticipate,” “seek” or similar
terminology. These statements are based on our beliefs as well as assumptions
we
made using information currently available to us. Because these statements
reflect our current views concerning future events, these statements involve
risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ significantly
from the results discussed in these forward-looking
statements.
Overview
Our
Business
Our
goal
is to be the preeminent supplier of spoken-word digital audio on the Internet.
At our Web sites, our customers can select, purchase and download spoken audio
of their choice from more than 144,000 hours from more than 470 content partners
that include leading audiobook publishers, broadcasters, entertainers, magazine
and newspaper publishers, and business information providers. Our
AudibleListener membership plans provide our customers a wide variety of monthly
and annual membership options, depending upon their listening preferences.
Our
largest plans, the Gold and Platinum plans, provide one or two listening
products per month in exchange for monthly subscription payments of $14.95
or
$22.95 per month. Customers can access our content at our Web sites,
www.audible.com
(United States) and
www.audible.co.uk
(United
Kingdom), at our related parties Web sites,
www.audible.de
(Germany) and
www.audible.fr
(France), and at Amazon.com and at the Apple iTunes
store.
Key
Business Metrics
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we generated net revenue of $78.8
million and incurred a net loss of $1.5 million. During this period, we acquired
approximately 190,000 new AudibleListener members, a decrease of 11.2%, from
approximately 214,000 acquired in the same period in 2006. However 97% of new
AudibleListener members acquired in the 2007 period were Gold or Platinum
recurring revenue customers versus 50% of new AudibleListener members acquired
in the 2006 period signing up for Gold or Platinum services. Total
AudibleListener members increased to approximately 446,000 as of September
30,
2007, compared to approximately 344,000 as of September 30, 2006, an increase
of
29.7%. 63,000 new AudibleListener members were acquired during the three months
ended September 30, 2007, of which 98% were Gold or Platinum recurring monthly
revenue customers versus 51% for the three months ended September 30,
2006.
Subsequent
to our announcement on November 1, 2007 of our financial results for
the three
months ended September 30, 2007, we identified a group of customers
whose
AudibleListener memberships had not been properly cancelled in our records.
We were not recognizing any membership revenue from these customers
after
their membership renewal date, but their inclusion in our records
resulted in our overstating the number of AudibleListener members at
the end of
each period. In addition, as a result of the inclusion of these customers,
we
understated our average monthly churn in AudibleListener members, which
is
defined as member cancellations in the period divided by the sum of
members at
the beginning of the period plus gross member adds, divided by three
months.
The
revised increase in churn reflects the increase in cancellations at
the time
of renewal by customers, the majority of whom were annual Basic
AudibleListener plan members. Basic AudibleListener plan members are
charged
$9.95 annually in return for a 30% discount on products purchased at
our web
site.
The
continued inclusion of these customers in our AudibleListener membership
records
does not have a material impact on the financial information we previously
reported. We estimate that these customers would have increased our
revenues by approximately $0.5 million over a twelve month period had
they
instead renewed their memberships.
The
following tables set forth for the periods indicated the revised and
previously
reported figures for total AudibleListener members, Basic AudibleListener
members and average monthly churn in AudibleListener
members:
Total
AudibleListener Members at End of Period (in
thousands):
|
|
3/31/06
|
|
|
6/30/06
|
|
|
9/30/06
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
|
|
3/31/07
|
|
|
6/30/07
|
|
|
9/30/07
|
|
Revised
|
|
|
277
|
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
|
344
|
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
As
reported
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
|
455
|
|
Basic
AudibleListener Members at End of Period (in thousands):
|
|
3/31/06
|
|
|
6/30/06
|
|
|
9/30/06
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
|
|
3/31/07
|
|
|
6/30/07
|
|
|
9/30/07
|
|
Revised
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
147
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
As
reported
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
Average
Monthly Churn in AudibleListener Members During Period
Ended:
|
|
3/31/06
|
|
|
6/30/06
|
|
|
9/30/06
|
|
|
12/31/06
|
|
|
3/31/07
|
|
|
6/30/07
|
|
|
9/30/07
|
|
Revised
|
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
As
reported
|
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
|
3.1
|
%
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
|
|
2.8
|
%
|
|
|
2.7
|
%
|
During
2007, our operations in Audible UK significantly accelerated due to our
increased marketing initiatives and customer acquisition programs. We generated
$4.2 million in net revenue in the UK during the nine months ended September
30,
2007, compared to $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
We
believe that revenue from Audible UK will continue to grow provided we are
able
to obtain additional content that is appealing to more customers.
Our
new
AudibleListener membership plans, launched in December 2005, provide an array
of
new member benefits, ranging from greater flexibility in using AudibleListener
membership credits, to everyday 30% discounts on a la carte purchases, and
a
weekday audio edition of
The New York Times
or
The Wall Street
Journal
subscription. The increase in the number of AudibleListener members
and the flexibility in the requirement to use credits led to an increase of
$2.8
million in deferred revenue from December 31, 2006.
AudibleEducation
is a section of our Web site that provides a selection of education content
designed for students of all ages. We intend to capitalize on the significant
demand for strategic partnerships with entities positioned within the numerous
multi-billion dollar markets in corporate learning, higher education,
professional certification, test preparation, continuing education and
direct-to-consumer education. During 2005 and 2006, we secured important
agreements to produce educational material that provides us additional
educational material to distribute. We believe we can increase our revenue
if we
are able to further increase the amount of content we have available for
distribution and increase the number of customers who purchase this
content.
For
2007,
our major goals include increasing the number of new AudibleListener members
we
acquire and focusing on adding more customers that purchase at least one book
per month. Additionally, we plan to improve customer service by increasing
the
speed of our Web site and enhancing our customer service operations. Finally,
we
anticipate increasing our revenues from our international operations and
educational initiatives, specifically from the new content agreements signed
in
2005 and 2006.
Critical
Accounting Policies
The
Securities and Exchange Commission defines “critical accounting policies” as
those accounting policies that require application of management's most
difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need
to
make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and
may
change in subsequent periods. Based on this definition, we have identified
the
critical accounting policies and judgments addressed below. We have other
significant accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments,
and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results. For
additional information, see Note 2,
Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies,
of our condensed consolidated financial statements. Although we
believe that our estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, they
are
based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ
significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or
conditions.
Our
critical accounting policies are as follows:
Revenue
Recognition
We
derive
our revenue from four main categories:
|
Content
and services revenue, which includes consumer content and corporate
services;
|
|
Hardware
revenue;
|
|
Related
party revenue; and
|
|
Other
revenue.
|
Content
and Services.
Consumer content revenue consists primarily of content sales
made from our Web sites and content sold through our agreement with the Apple
iTunes Store. At our Web site, customers purchase content either through an
AudibleListener membership plan or on an a la carte basis. When purchased on
an
a la carte basis, we recognize revenue
from
the
sale of individual content titles in the period when the content is purchased
and delivered. We generally recognize revenue from the sale of a la carte
content subscriptions pro rata over the term of the subscription
period.
In
July
2006, we entered into a new global master agreement with Apple.
We recognize revenue from sales made at the Apple iTunes Store in the
period when the content is purchased and delivered. In accordance with the
terms of the agreement, the amount of revenue we recognize on
each sale is now formula-driven, based upon the Apple iTunes selling
price and the content cost of each audio book. As a result, Apple revenue
for each quarterly period will reflect an estimate for the last month of the
quarter, based on actual number of titles sold and the prior month or current
unit sales price as applicable, at the Apple iTunes Store.
Our
“legacy” AudibleListener monthly membership plans generally provide customers
two audio credits for a fixed monthly fee. Customers may use these audio credits
to select content of their choice from our Web site. “Legacy” AudibleListener
audio credits provided under a monthly membership program have a life of 30
days, after which they expire. We recognize revenue from the sale of legacy
AudibleListener memberships ratably over the AudibleListener members’ monthly
membership period. This leads to approximately 50% of the AudibleListener
membership fees received during each calendar month being deferred at month
end
and recognized as content revenue in the following month.
In
December 2005, we introduced new AudibleListener membership plans, designed
to
provide our customers more flexibility in using their audio credits. Depending
upon the AudibleListener membership plan, customers can receive and “bank” or
delay using up to a maximum number of audio credits, depending on the membership
plan. The banking feature results in audio credits being used (delivered) over
different periods for different customers. In addition, some of the new
AudibleListener plans include new membership benefits, ranging from a
complimentary audio newspaper delivered each weekday to everyday discounts
of
30% on a la carte purchases. The audio newspaper and 30% discount benefits
are
“serial” elements that are delivered continuously over the membership period,
whereas the content selections underlying the audio credits are discrete
elements that are delivered at different times based on individual customer
behavior. As a result of the characteristics of the new AudibleListener
memberships, they are considered revenue arrangements with multiple
deliverables, however under EITF No. 00-21,
Revenue Arrangements with
Multiple Deliverables
, because the deliverables are not eligible for
separation, they are accounted for as a single unit of accounting. As a result,
we recognize revenue for these new AudibleListener plans using the lesser of
straight-line or proportional performance (based on content delivery) over
the
maximum membership period. This may result in a decrease in revenue or slower
revenue growth than we experienced in prior periods because the customer has
a
longer period of time to use his/her audio credits. For example, a customer
may
pre-pay an annual membership for twelve audio credits and not use any credits
for six months. Due to the revenue recognition model described above, this
revenue will be deferred until the customer uses the audio credits.
Upon
launch of the new AudibleListener plans in December 2005, the legacy
AudibleListener programs were no longer available to new customers except for
UK
customers who purchase their memberships from the UK Web site. Customers who
have legacy memberships have the option of either converting to one of the
new
AudibleListener membership plans or continuing their legacy
membership.
Provision
for Refunds and Chargebacks
In
the
normal course of business, customers may contact us or contact their credit
card
company to request an adjustment for a purchase the customer paid us for in
the
past. Customers may contact us to request a refund for various reasons. We
record a provision for expected refunds and chargebacks relating to revenue
that
was recognized in a previous period. The calculation of the provision for
estimated refunds and chargebacks is based on historical refund rates and sales
patterns. The provision is recorded as a reduction of revenue. A portion of
the
resulting reserve is classified as a reduction of accounts receivable based
on
an estimate of refunds and chargebacks that will be made related to sales that
were collected by the credit card processor but not remitted to us at
period-end. The remaining portion of the reserve is reflected as an accrued
liability at period-end. Actual results could differ from our
estimates.
Customer Concessions
In
the
normal course of business, customers may contact us to request a concession
for
a purchase the customer paid us for in the past, with which they are
unsatisfied. Depending on the specific customer facts and circumstances, we
will provide the customer a replacement or complimentary credit or a coupon.
With our legacy AudibleListener plans, customers on occasion request that we
replace an audio credit that expired before the customer had an opportunity
to
use it. Other customers may request an audio credit or coupon because they
have
had a specific problem with content downloading or audio quality. We defer
revenue for expected replacement audio credits based on historical experience
of
the credits issued. We defer revenue for other audio credits and coupons when
they are delivered to the customers based on estimated values. The concessions
are recorded as a reduction of revenue and an increase to deferred revenue.
Actual customer credit and coupon issuance and usage patterns could differ
from
our estimates.
Royalty
Expense
Royalty
expense is the largest component of cost of content and services revenue, and
includes amortization of guaranteed royalty obligations to various content
providers, royalties incurred on sales of content, amortization of audio
production costs incurred in connection with the creation of certain audio
products, and net realizable value adjustments to royalty advances. Many of
our
early content provider agreements contained a requirement to pay guaranteed
amounts to the provider. Anticipating that sales from these agreements would
not
be sufficient to recoup the amount of the guarantees, we adopted a policy of
amortizing royalty guarantees straight-line over the term of the royalty
agreement, or expensing the royalty guarantees as incurred, whichever was
sooner. In addition, each quarter we review and compare any remaining
unamortized guarantee balance with current and projected sales by provider
to
determine if any additional net realizable value adjustments are required.
Royalty expense for sales of content is incurred based upon either a
percentage of revenue or a fixed price per title in accordance with the terms
of
the applicable royalty agreement. The royalty cost per title may differ
depending upon whether the title is sold as part of an AudibleListener
membership or sold as an a la carte sale. Actual sales could differ from our
estimates of projected sales.
Internal-Use
Software
In
accordance with SOP No. 98-1,
Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use
, all costs incurred for the
development of internal use software that relate to the planning and
post-implementation phases of the development are expensed. Direct costs
incurred in the development phase are capitalized and recognized over the
software's estimated useful life, generally two years, commencing at the
time the software is ready for its intended use. Research and development costs
and other computer software maintenance costs related to software development
are expensed as incurred. We review the capitalized software costs for
impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
an
asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected cash flows,
undiscounted and without interest, is less than the carrying amount of the
related asset, an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the
carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Actual cash flows could
differ from our expectations.
Employee
Stock-Based Compensation Arrangements
In
accordance with SFAS No. 123(R),
Share-based payment
, we measure
compensation cost for stock awards at fair value and recognize compensation
over
the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. Estimating the portion
of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent
actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such
amounts are recorded in the period estimates are revised. We consider several
factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards,
employee class, and historical experience. We also consider several factors
when
estimating expected volatility and expected life of the option. Actual results,
and future estimates, may differ substantially from our current
estimates.
Results
of Operations
The
following table sets forth certain financial data for the periods indicated
as a
percentage of total revenue for the three and nine month periods ended September
30, 2007 and 2006:
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Revenue,
net:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Content
and services revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
content
|
|
|
97.7
|
%
|
|
|
98.5
|
%
|
|
|
98.5
|
%
|
|
|
98.1
|
%
|
Point
of sale rebates
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(0.7
|
)
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)
|
Services
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
Total
content and services revenue
|
|
|
97.8
|
|
|
|
97.9
|
|
|
|
98.6
|
|
|
|
97.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hardware
revenue
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
Related
party revenue
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
Other
revenue
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
Total
revenue, net
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
of content and services revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties
and other content charges
|
|
|
43.4
|
|
|
|
40.3
|
|
|
|
43.7
|
|
|
|
40.4
|
|
Discount
certificate rebates
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
Total
cost of content and services revenue
|
|
|
43.7
|
|
|
|
41.9
|
|
|
|
44.2
|
|
|
|
42.0
|
|
Cost
of hardware revenue
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Cost
of related party revenue
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
0.8
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
13.6
|
|
|
|
14.9
|
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
|
15.3
|
|
Technology
and development
|
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
|
22.8
|
|
|
|
17.5
|
|
|
|
20.7
|
|
Marketing
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
|
18.7
|
|
|
|
15.5
|
|
|
|
20.3
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
13.1
|
|
|
|
13.9
|
|
|
|
12.8
|
|
|
|
15.1
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
103.7
|
|
|
|
114.2
|
|
|
|
105.0
|
|
|
|
116.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
|
|
(3.7
|
)
|
|
|
(14.2
|
)
|
|
|
(5.0
|
)
|
|
|
(16.5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
on equity investment
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.9
|
)
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
income, net
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
3.7
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
3.6
|
|
Loss
before income taxes
|
|
|
(0.5
|
)
|
|
|
(11.4
|
)
|
|
|
(1.8
|
)
|
|
|
(13.4
|
)
|
Income
tax expense
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)
|
|
|
(0.0
|
)
|
|
|
(0.1
|
)
|
|
|
(0.0
|
)
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
(0.7
|
)
%
|
|
|
(11.4
|
)%
|
|
|
(1.9
|
)
%
|
|
|
(13.4
|
)%
|
Three
months ended September 30, 2007 compared to three months ended September 30,
2006 (unaudited):
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Content
and services revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
26,997
|
|
|
$
|
19,591
|
|
|
$
|
7,406
|
|
|
|
37.8
|
%
|
Content
and services revenue
consists of AudibleListener membership revenue,
revenue from single (a la carte) title sales, revenue from subscriptions,
revenue from sales at the Apple iTunes Store and other services revenue. We
deduct the cost of point of sale rebates from content and services
revenue.
Content
and services revenue grew during the three months ended September 30, 2007
compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 due primarily to growth
in
our AudibleListener memberships, as well as growth in sales at the Apple iTunes
Store, and a la carte sales. AudibleListener membership growth was driven mainly
through online marketing channels, specifically promotions of the new membership
programs introduced in December 2005. We recognized $7.9 million and $4.7
million in revenue from sales of Audible content at the Apple iTunes Store
during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Revenue
we receive from Apple is net of Apple’s negotiated share of transaction
proceeds. Audible is obligated to pay content service fees for Apple
sales.
Our
total
AudibleListener membership count grew 29.7% from approximately 344,000 at
September 30, 2006, to approximately 446,000 at September 30, 2007. As we
continue to acquire new AudibleListener members who may choose to roll over
their audio credits, our ability to recognize revenue will depend upon audio
credit usage patterns of individual members. This will result in an increase
in
deferred revenue and may result in a decrease or slower growth in our revenue
as
compared to prior periods. Our customer count and AudibleListener membership
count excludes customers that purchase Audible content directly from the Apple
iTunes Store. We believe continuing consumer adoption of digital downloading,
increased consumer awareness of the Audible service, customer satisfaction
and
improved marketing will continue to drive AudibleListener membership growth
and
growth in sales at the Apple iTunes Store.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Hardware
revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
28
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
$
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
(61.6)
|
%
|
Hardware
revenue
consists of revenue derived primarily from the shipping and
handling charge to customers on devices that Audible provides for free to
AudibleListener members who commit to an AudibleListener membership. Under
EITF
No. 00-21, with these multiple-element arrangements (membership plus device),
we recognize only shipping and handling fees as revenue for the delivery of
hardware because all other consideration paid by the customer is contingent
upon
delivery of the content. Also included are separate sales of digital audio
players to consumers and libraries. Revenue is recognized upon shipment,
assuming all other criteria are met. The decrease in revenue for the three
months ended September 30, 2007 as compared to the three months ended September
30, 2006 is due primarily to less units sold in the current period.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Related
party revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
431
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
|
$
|
209
|
|
|
|
94.1
|
%
|
Related
party revenue
consists of revenue recognized in connection with our
agreements with France Loisirs and Audible Germany.
Related
party revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2007 consisted
of
billings to Audible GmbH and France Loisirs for certain consulting services
and
reimbursement of related incremental costs. For the three months
ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, $0.4 million and zero, respectively, was
recognized in revenue related to Audible GmbH incremental costs. For
the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, less than $0.1 million
and
zero, respectively,
was
recognized in revenue related to France Loisirs incremental costs. The increase
is primarily due to recognition of prior period billings that were not recorded
due to collectablity concerns which were alleviated during the three months
ended September 30, 2007.
Related
party revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2006 included $0.1
million in fees earned from our agreement with France Loisirs, representing
the
straight-line recognition of $1.0 million in fees we were entitled to receive
pursuant to the arrangement, which was being recognized over the initial
24-month term of the original agreement through September 14, 2006, less than
$0.1 million in billings to France Loisirs for certain consulting services
and
reimbursement of related incremental costs, as well as $0.1 million in fees
earned under our agreement with Audible Germany. As the fees related
to the original agreements with both France Loisirs and Audible Germany have
been fully recognized, we do not expect significant related party revenue in
the
future.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Other
revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
162
|
|
|
$
|
140
|
|
|
$
|
22
|
|
|
|
15.7
|
%
|
Other
revenue
for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was less
than $0.1 million primarily relating to revenue earned under a product
development agreement with a content provider, which commenced in May 2005.
The
fees are being amortized on a straight line basis as fees are billed over a
58-month period beginning in the month we commenced production of audio (July
2005) through the expiration of the agreement. As of September 30, 2007, we
billed the content provider $1.7 million in connection with this
agreement.
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Total Content and Services
Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Cost
of content and services revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties
and other content charges
|
|
$
|
11,989
|
|
|
$
|
8,240
|
|
|
|
44.4
|
%
|
|
|
42.1
|
%
|
Discount
certificate rebates
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
Total
cost of content and services revenue
|
|
$
|
12,063
|
|
|
$
|
8,547
|
|
|
|
44.7
|
%
|
|
|
43.6
|
%
|
Cost
of content and services revenue
consists primarily of royalties incurred,
discount certificate rebates and the amortization of publisher royalty advances.
Discount certificate rebates, introduced in 2004, are electronic discount
certificates or gift cards given to certain AudibleListener members who commit
to joining an AudibleListener plan for twelve months. AudibleListener customers
use these when purchasing an AudibleReady digital audio player from a
third-party retailer.
Royalties
and other content charges as a percentage of total content and services revenue
increased from the three months ended September 30, 2006 to September 30, 2007
from 42.1% to 44.4%. This increase was primarily due to the increasing
percentage of revenue from sales at the Apple iTunes Store, which yields a
higher royalty cost as a percentage of revenue, the impact of higher royalty
rates from certain publishers, the impact of our Gold and Platinum membership
plans, in which royalties are incurred on revenue that may be deferred if the
straight-line revenue is less than the proportional performance revenue, the
effect of the new Gold monthly discounted membership plan offered in the first
half of 2007, and the impact of the 30% a la carte discount offered under our
basic membership plan for titles that have a fixed royalty.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Cost
of hardware revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
95
|
|
|
$
|
826
|
|
|
$
|
(731
|
)
|
|
|
(88.5)
|
%
|
Cost
of hardware revenue
consists of the cost of digital audio players that are
given away or sold to customers.
The
cost
of hardware revenue decreased in the 2007 period primarily due to a substantial
reduction in the number of digital audio players given away or sold at a
discount to customers.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Cost
of related party revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
133
|
|
|
$
|
169
|
|
|
$
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
(21.0)
|
%
|
Cost
of related party revenue
consists of costs we have incurred in connection
with our agreements with France Loisirs and Audible Germany. These
costs primarily consist of payroll costs related to services performed for
France Loisirs and Audible Germany by certain employees of our technology,
development, and audio departments.
Cost
of
related party revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared
to
the three months ended September 30, 2006 has decreased primarily due to
the
amount of services performed for Audible Germany.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Operations
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,761
|
|
|
$
|
2,987
|
|
|
$
|
774
|
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
15.2
|
%
|
Operations
expense consists of payroll and related expenses for content acquisition,
education, editorial, audio recording and conversion, programming and customer
service. Also included are outside consultants, professional fees, credit
card
processing fees, and audio recording fees.
Operations
expense increased in the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to
the
three months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to $0.7 million in higher
personnel costs, including incentive compensation, and $0.1 million in higher
credit card processing fees. This was partially offset by a reduction in
share-based compensation costs of $0.1 million.
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Technology
and development (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,680
|
|
|
$
|
4,625
|
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
|
|
17.3
|
%
|
|
|
23.6
|
%
|
Technology
and development
expense consists of payroll and related expenses for
information technology, systems and telecommunications infrastructure, as
well
as technology licensing fees.
Technology
and development expense increased for the three months ended September 30,
2007
compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 was primarily due to
a
$0.8 million increase in personnel costs, including incentive compensation,
partially offset by a reduction in impairment charges of $0.1 million related
to
an internally developed software tool that we determined was not going to
be
used as originally intended in 2006 and a reduction in consulting expense
of
$0.6 million.
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Marketing
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,300
|
|
|
$
|
3,340
|
|
|
$
|
960
|
|
|
|
15.9
|
%
|
|
|
17.0
|
%
|
Marketing
expense consists of payroll and related expenses for personnel in marketing
and
business development, as well as advertising expenditures and other promotional
activities. Also included are revenue sharing and bounty payments which we
make
to our marketing partners, and shipping and handling costs associated with
selling digital devices.
Marketing
expense increased in the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to
the
three months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to $0.4 million in higher
personnel costs, including incentive compensation, $0.4 million in higher
advertising and promotional expenses and $0.2 million in higher outside services
expense. The higher advertising and .promotional expenses were directed toward
marketing campaigns and promotions of our membership plans.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
General
and administrative (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,609
|
|
|
$
|
2,743
|
|
|
$
|
866
|
|
|
|
13.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
%
|
General
and administrative
expense consists primarily of payroll and related
expenses for executive, finance and administrative personnel. Also included
are
legal fees, audit fees and other professional fees, public company expenses
and
other general corporate expenses.
General
and administrative expense increased in the three months ended September
30,
2007 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 was primarily
due to
$0.7 million in higher personnel expenses, including incentive compensation,
$0.1 million increase in share-based compensation costs and $0.1 million
increase in international expenses. These increases were partially offset
by a
reduction in legal fees of $0.1 million.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Loss
on equity investment (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
90
|
|
|
$
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
(81.1
|
)%
|
Loss
on equity investment
during the three months ended September 30, 2006
consisted of $0.1 million, respectively which relates to amounts
recorded when we agreed to an additional investment in Audible Germany in
consideration for writing off amounts owed to us by Audible
Germany.
For
the
three months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded less than $0.1 million
as a
pro-rata equity loss on its investment in Audible Germany.
|
|
Three
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Other
income, net (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
900
|
|
|
$
|
779
|
|
|
$
|
121
|
|
|
|
15.5
|
%
|
Other
income, net
primarily consists of interest income. The increase in other
income, net was due to an increase in interest earned on our short-term
investments, associated principally with higher interest rates.
Nine
months ended September 30, 2007 compared to nine months ended September 30,
2006
(unaudited):
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Content
and services revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
77,736
|
|
|
$
|
57,473
|
|
|
$
|
20,263
|
|
|
|
35.3
|
%
|
Content
and services revenue
grew during the nine months ended September 30, 2007
compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 due primarily to growth
in
our AudibleListener memberships, as well as growth in sales at the Apple
iTunes
Store, and a la carte sales. AudibleListener membership growth was driven
mainly
through online marketing channels, specifically promotions of the new membership
programs introduced in December 2005. We recognized $23.3 million and $13.3
million in revenue from sales of Audible content at the Apple iTunes Store
during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Revenue
we receive from Apple is net of Apple’s negotiated share of transaction
proceeds. Audible is obligated to pay content service fees for Apple
sales.
Our
total
AudibleListener membership count grew 29.7% for the nine months ended September
30, 2007 to approximately 446,000 from approximately 344,000 for the nine
months
ended September 30, 2006. As we continue to acquire new AudibleListener members
who may choose to roll over their audio credits, our ability to recognize
revenue will depend upon audio credit usage patterns of individual members.
This
will result in an increase in deferred revenue and may result in a decrease
or
slower growth in our revenue as compared to prior periods. Our customer count
and AudibleListener membership excludes customers that purchase Audible content
directly from the Apple iTunes Store. We believe continuing consumer adoption
of
digital downloading, increased consumer awareness of the Audible service,
customer satisfaction and improved marketing will continue to drive
AudibleListener membership growth and growth in sales at the Apple iTunes
Store.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Hardware
revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
192
|
|
|
|
283
|
|
|
$
|
(91
|
)
|
|
|
(32.2
|
)%
|
Hardware
revenue
decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to
the nine months ended September 30, 2006 due primarily to a de-emphasis of
hardware as a means of acquiring new members.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Related
party revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
542
|
|
|
$
|
852
|
|
|
$
|
(310
|
)
|
|
|
(36.4
|
)%
|
Related
party revenue
during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, primarily
included $0.1 million in billings to France Loisirs for certain consulting
services and reimbursement of related incremental costs as well as $0.1 million
in fees earned under our agreement with Audible Germany and $0.4 for certain
consulting services and reimbursement of related incremental costs. Related
party revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 included $0.4
million in fees earned under our agreement with France Loisirs, representing
the
straight-line recognition of $1.0 million in fees we were entitled to receive
pursuant to the arrangement, which was being recognized over the initial
24-month term of the original agreement through September 14, 2006, $0.1
million
in billings to France Loisirs for certain consulting services and reimbursement
of related incremental costs, $0.2 million in fees earned from our agreement
with Audible Germany, and $0.1 million in billings to Audible Germany for
certain consulting services and reimbursement of related incremental costs
incurred by us in connection with our license and services
agreement.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Other
revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
359
|
|
|
$
|
274
|
|
|
$
|
85
|
|
|
|
31.0
|
%
|
Other
revenue
for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 primarily
included $0.1 million, respectively, of revenue earned under a product
development agreement with a content provider, which commenced in May 2005.
The
fees are being amortized on a straight line basis as fees are billed over
a
58-month period beginning in the month we commenced production of audio (July
2005) through the expiration of the agreement. As of September 30, 2007,
we
billed the content provider $1.7 million in connection with this
agreement.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Total Content and Services
Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Cost
of content and services revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties
and other content charges
|
|
$
|
34,455
|
|
|
$
|
23,943
|
|
|
|
44.3
|
%
|
|
|
41.7
|
%
|
Discount
certificate rebates
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
910
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
Total
cost of content and services revenue
|
|
$
|
34,862
|
|
|
$
|
24,853
|
|
|
|
44.8
|
%
|
|
|
43.2
|
%
|
Cost
of content and services revenue
consists primarily of royalties which as a
percentage of total content and services revenue increased from the nine
months
ended September 30, 2006 to September 30, 2007 from 44.3% to 41.6%. This
increase was primarily due to the increasing percentage of revenue from sales
at
the Apple iTunes Store, which yields a higher royalty cost as a percentage
of
revenue, the impact of higher royalty rates from certain publishers, the
impact
of our Gold and Platinum membership plans, in which royalties are incurred
on
revenue that may be deferred if the straight-line revenue is less than the
proportional performance revenue, the effect of the new Gold monthly discounted
membership plan offered in the first half of 2007, and the impact of the
30% a
la carte discount offered under our basic membership plan for titles that
have a
fixed royalty.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Cost
of hardware revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
395
|
|
|
$
|
1,707
|
|
|
$
|
(1,312
|
)
|
|
|
(76.9
|
)%
|
Cost
of hardware revenue
decreased in the 2007 period primarily due to a
reduction in the number of digital audio players given away or sold at a
discount to customers.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Cost
of related party revenue (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
370
|
|
|
$
|
498
|
|
|
$
|
(128
|
)
|
|
|
(25.7)
|
%
|
Cost
of related party revenue
decreased for the nine months ended September 30,
2007 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2006 due to the amount services
performed for Audible Germany.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Operations
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10,993
|
|
|
$
|
8,943
|
|
|
$
|
2,050
|
|
|
|
14.1
|
%
|
|
|
15.6
|
%
|
Operations
expense increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to
the
nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to $1.2 million in higher
personnel expenses, including incentive compensation, $0.3 million in higher
outside service expenses, $0.3 million in higher credit card processing fees
and
$0.1 million in higher supplies and miscellaneous costs.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Technology
and development (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
13,820
|
|
|
$
|
12,681
|
|
|
$
|
1,139
|
|
|
|
17.8
|
%
|
|
|
22.1
|
%
|
Technology
and development
expense increased for the nine months ended September 30,
2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to
$0.8
million in higher outside services expenses, $0.6 in higher personnel costs,
including incentive compensation, $0.1 million in higher share-based
compensation costs, and $0.1 million in higher depreciation and amortization.
This is partially offset by $0.7 million in lower licensing and maintenance
fees. Many of these higher costs were related to enhancing the capacity and
performance of our Web site and upgrades to our internal systems and
infrastructure.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Marketing
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
12,253
|
|
|
$
|
11,214
|
|
|
$
|
1,039
|
|
|
|
15.8
|
%
|
|
|
19.5
|
%
|
Marketing
expense increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to
the
nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to a $0.4 million increase
in
personnel costs, including incentive compensation, $0.4 million increase
in
outside service fees and $0.1 million increase in share-based compensation
costs.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
As
a Percentage of Content and Services Revenue
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
General
and administrative (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10,072
|
|
|
$
|
8,607
|
|
|
$
|
1,465
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
%
|
|
|
15.0
|
%
|
General
and administrative
expense increased in the nine months ended September 30,
2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to
$1.2
million in higher personnel cost, including incentive compensation, $0.3
million
in higher supplies and administrative expenses, $0.2 million in higher
international expenses, $0.2 million in higher share-based compensation expense,
$0.2 million in higher outside consulting services and $0.1 million in higher
depreciation and amortization expense. This was partially offset by a decrease
of $0.6 million in legal fees and $0.2 million in job placement
fees.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Loss
on equity investment (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
77
|
|
|
$
|
270
|
|
|
$
|
(193
|
)
|
|
|
(71.5
|
)%
|
Loss
on equity investment
during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and
September 30, 2006 consisted of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively
which relates to amounts recorded when we agreed to an additional investment
in
Audible Germany in consideration for writing off amounts owed to us. In addition
for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 we recorded less than $0.1 million
as a pro-rata equity loss on its investment in Audible Germany.
|
|
Nine
months ended
September
30,
|
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Change
|
|
Other
income, net (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,593
|
|
|
$
|
2,153
|
|
|
$
|
440
|
|
|
|
20.4
|
%
|
Other
income, net
increased due to an increase in interest earned on our
short-term investments, associated principally with higher interest
rates.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We
have
no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or
that
are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financial position
or results of operations.
Factors
Affecting Operating Results
We
have
only a limited operating history with which to evaluate our business and
prospects. Our limited operating history and the emerging nature of the market
for internet-delivered audio content makes predicting our future operating
results difficult. In addition, while we commenced operations in 1997, our
prospects nonetheless should be considered in light of the risks and
uncertainties encountered by companies in the early stages of development
in new
and rapidly evolving markets, specifically the rapidly evolving market for
delivery of audio content over the Internet. These risks include:
|
·
|
We
have limited revenue, we have a history of losses, and we may not
be
profitable in the future.
|
|
·
|
We
have identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial
reporting which may adversely affect our
operations.
|
|
·
|
If
too many AudibleListener members refrain from using their audio
credits on a timely basis, there will be a delay in recognizing
the
revenue until the credits are either used or
expire.
|
|
·
|
If
our efforts to attract new AudibleListener members are not successful,
our
revenues will be affected
adversely.
|
|
·
|
If
we experience excessive rates of churn, our revenues may
decline.
|
|
·
|
The
market for our service is uncertain and consumers may not be willing
to
use the Internet to purchase spoken audio content, which could
cause our
business to grow more slowly.
|
|
·
|
We
may not be able to license or produce sufficiently compelling audio
content to attract and retain customers and grow our
revenue.
|
|
·
|
If
manufacturers of electronic devices do not manufacture, make available
or
sell a sufficient number of products suitable for our service,
our revenue
may not grow.
|
|
·
|
We
must establish, maintain and strengthen our brand names, trademarks
and
service marks in order to acquire customers and generate
revenue.
|
|
·
|
Increasing
availability of digital audio technologies may increase competition
and
reduce our revenue, market share and
profitability.
|
|
·
|
Our
industry is highly competitive and has recently gotten more competitive
and we cannot be assured that we will be able to compete
effectively.
|
|
·
|
Content
owners may decide to expand distribution of their material on an
unencrypted basis, which may increase
competition.
|
|
·
|
Capacity
constraints and failures, delays, or overloads could interrupt
our service
and reduce the attractiveness of our service to existing or potential
customers.
|
|
·
|
We
could be liable for substantial damages if there is unauthorized
duplication of the content we sell.
|
|
·
|
We
do not have a comprehensive disaster recovery plan and we have
limited
back-up systems, and a disaster could severely damage our operations
and
could result in loss of customers.
|
|
·
|
Problems
associated with the Internet could discourage use of Internet-based
services like ours and adversely affect our
business.
|
|
·
|
The
loss of key employees could jeopardize our growth
prospects.
|
|
·
|
Our
inability to hire new employees may hurt our growth
prospects.
|
|
·
|
Our
new facility in Newark may not lead to an increase in operational
efficiencies or employee
performance.
|
|
·
|
Our
common stock has been relatively thinly traded and we cannot predict
the
extent to which a trading market will develop, which may adversely
affect
our share price.
|
|
·
|
We
may not be able to protect our intellectual property, which could
jeopardize our competitive
position.
|
|
·
|
Other
companies may claim that we infringe their copyrights or patents,
which
could subject us to substantial
damages.
|
|
·
|
We
could be sued for content that we distribute over the Internet,
which
could subject us to substantial
damages.
|
|
·
|
Future
government regulations may increase our cost of doing business
on the
Internet, which could adversely affect our cost
structure.
|
|
·
|
We
may become subject to sales and other taxes for direct sales over
the
Internet, which could affect our revenue
growth.
|
|
·
|
A
variety of risks could adversely affect our international
activities.
|
|
·
|
Our
charter and bylaws could discourage an acquisition of our company
that
would benefit our stockholders.
|
If
we
fail to manage these risks successfully, it would materially and adversely
affect our financial performance.
We
believe that our success will depend largely on our ability to extend our
leadership position as a provider of premium digital spoken audio content
over
the Internet. Accordingly, we plan to continue to invest in marketing, content
acquisition and operations.
As
of
September 30, 2007, we were not a party to any derivative financial instruments
or other financial instruments or hedging investments that expose us to material
market risk. We currently do not plan to enter into any derivative instruments
or engage in any hedging activities.
We
have
incurred significant losses since inception and as of September 30, 2007,
we had
an accumulated deficit of $142.1 million.
Our
operating results have varied on a quarterly basis during our operating history
and may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a variety of
factors, many of which are outside of our control. Factors that may affect
our
operating results include but are not limited to: (1) the demand for the
Audible
service; (2) sales of Audible content through the Apple iTunes Store; (3)
the
availability of premium audio content; (4) sales and consumer usage of
AudibleReady devices; (5) our ability to acquire new customers; (6) our ability
to retain existing customers; (7) the introduction of new products or services
by a competitor; (8) the cost and availability of acquiring sufficient Web
site
capacity to meet our customers' needs; (9) technical difficulties with our
computer system or the internet or system downtime; (10) the cost of acquiring
audio content; (11) the amount and timing of capital expenditures and other
costs relating to the expansion of our international operations; (12) successful
expansion of the Audible service in the UK; (13) effective management of
and
compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley requirements; and (14) general economic
conditions and economic conditions specific to electronic commerce and online
media. In the past, we experienced fluctuations in demand for the Audible
service based on the level of marketing expenditures, the occurrence of external
publicity and the quality of our software and Web site. Any one of these
factors
could cause our revenue and operating results to vary significantly in the
future. In addition, as a strategic response to changes in the competitive
environment, we may from time to time make pricing, service or marketing
decisions that could cause significant declines in our quarterly
revenue.
Because
we have a number of fixed expenses, we may be unable to adjust our spending
in a
timely manner to compensate for unexpected revenue shortfalls. Accordingly,
any
significant shortfall in relation to our expectations could cause significant
declines in our operating results. We believe that our quarterly revenue,
expenses and operating results could vary significantly in the future, and
that
period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as indications of
future
performance. Due to the foregoing factors, it is likely that in some future
quarters our operating results will fall below the expectations of securities
analysts and investors, which could have a material adverse effect on the
trading price of our common stock.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
In
November 2004, we completed a secondary public offering of our common stock
resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $46.5 million.
As
of
September 30, 2007, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $42.8 million.
In
addition, as of September 30, 2007 we had $28.0 million in short-term
investments, consisting of governmental agency notes and mortgage backed
securities, which we intend to hold until maturity. Based on our currently
proposed business plans and related assumptions, we believe that our cash
and
cash equivalents balance and short-term investment balance as of September
30,
2007 will enable us to meet our anticipated cash requirements for operations
and
capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Beyond that, we may need
additional cash to fund our business and finance our planned growth. We cannot
be assured that such additional financing, if needed, will be available on
terms
favorable to us or our stockholders, if at all.
Cash
Requirements
The
following table shows future cash payments due under our commitments and
obligations as of September 30, 2007 (in thousands):
Year
|
|
Lease
Obligations
(1)
|
|
|
Royalty
Obligations
(2)
|
|
|
Service
Agreements
|
|
|
Purchase
Commitments
|
|
|
Total
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
265
|
|
|
$
|
254
|
|
|
$
|
658
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
1,485
|
|
2008
|
|
|
1,046
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
1,359
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
2009
|
|
|
1,066
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,097
|
|
2010
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
2011
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
2012
& Thereafter
|
|
|
3,255
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
3,255
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,988
|
|
|
$
|
331
|
|
|
$
|
2,048
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
10,675
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Of the $8.0 million in total operating leases, $7.9 million relates to the
office lease agreement entered into in September 2006, of which $0.8 million
is
recorded as deferred rent, noncurrent in the accompanying condensed consolidated
Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2007.
(2)
Of
the $0.3 million in total royalty obligations, $0.2 million is recorded in
accrued expenses and $0.1 million is recorded as royalty obligations,
non-current, in the accompanying condensed consolidated Balance Sheet as
of
September 30, 2007. The remaining obligation relates to content that had
not yet
been delivered as of September 30, 2007.
Sources
and Uses of Cash
|
|
Nine
Months Ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
Operating
Activities
|
|
$
|
10,855
|
|
|
$
|
392
|
|
Investing
Activities
|
|
|
17,034
|
|
|
|
4,473
|
|
Financing
Activities
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
(2,853
|
)
|
Exchange
Rate
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Increase
(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
27,921
|
|
|
$
|
2,007
|
|
Net
cash
provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30,
2007
was $10.9 million. This was primarily attributable to our net loss of $1.5
million, significantly offset by two non-cash expenses: share-based compensation
expense of $4.6 million and depreciation and amortization of property and
equipment of $4.0 million. Additionally, our combined balance in deferred
revenue increased $2.8 million due to the payments by customers of fees prior
to
the consumption of services. An increase in accrued compensation of $3.2
million
was offset by a decrease inaccrued royalties of $1.4 million. Net cash provided
by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was
$0.4
million. This was primarily attributable to our net loss of $7.7 million,
significantly offset by two non-cash expenses: share-based compensation expense
of $4.2 million and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment
of
$3.7 million. Additionally, our balance in deferred revenue increased $4.9
million due to the payments by customers of fees prior to the consumption
of
services. This was offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $2.4 million
and
accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $1.2 million, which
contributed to the overall decline in operating cash.
Net
cash
provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30,
2007
was $17.0 million, attributable to net proceeds from short-term investing
activity of $24.1 million, partially offset by purchases of property and
equipment of $5.4 million. Net cash provided by investing activities for
the
nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $4.5 million. This was attributable
to
net short-term investing activity of $6.2 million, partially offset by purchases
of property and equipment of $4.0 million.
Net
cash
provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30,
2007
was less than $0.1 million, resulting from proceeds of $0.5 million from
exercise of common stock options, offset by $0.4 million for payment of taxes
due on vested restricted stock. Net cash used in financing activities for
the
nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $2.9 million, resulting primarily
from
purchases of treasury stock of $2.3 million, offset by $0.8 million in proceeds
from the exercise of common stock warrants and $0.4 million from the exercise
of
common stock options.
New
Accounting Standards
SFAS
No. 157
In
September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS
No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements
(“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157
establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded
disclosures regarding fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not require
any
new fair value measurements. However, it eliminates inconsistencies in the
guidance provided in previous accounting pronouncements.
SFAS
No.
157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning
after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier
application is encouraged, provided that the reporting entity has not yet
issued
financial statements for that fiscal year, including financial statements
for an
interim period within that fiscal year. All valuation adjustments will be
recognized as cumulative-effect adjustments to the opening balance of retained
earnings for the fiscal year in which SFAS No. 157 is initially applied.
We do
not believe the impact that SFAS No. 157 will have a material effect on our
consolidated financial statements.
SFAS
No. 159
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
(“SFAS No. 159”). SFAS No. 159
expands opportunities to use fair value measurement in financial reporting
and
permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after November 15, 2007. We do not believe the impact of SFAS No. 159 will
have
a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
FIN
No. 48
In
July
2006, the FASB issued SFAS Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty
in Income Taxes - an interpretation of SFAS Statement No. 109
(“FIN No.
48”). FIN No. 48 applies to all “tax positions” accounted for under SFAS 109.
FIN No. 48 refers to “tax positions” as positions taken in a previously filed
tax return or positions expected to be taken in a future tax return that
are
reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities
reported in the financial statements. FIN 48 further clarifies a tax position
to
include the following:
·
|
a
decision not to file a tax return in a particular jurisdiction
for which a
return might be required,
|
·
|
an
allocation or a shift of income between taxing
jurisdictions,
|
·
|
the
characterization of income or a decision to exclude reporting taxable
income in a tax return, or
|
·
|
a
decision to classify a transaction, entity, or other position in
a tax
return as tax exempt.
|
FIN
No.
48 clarifies that a tax benefit may be reflected in the financial statements
only if it is “more likely than not” that a company will be able to sustain the
tax return position, based on its technical merits. If a tax benefit meets
this
criterion, it should be measured and recognized based on the largest amount
of
benefit that is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized. This
is a
change from current practice, whereby companies may recognize a tax benefit
only
if it is probable a tax position will be sustained.
FIN
No.
48 also requires that we make qualitative and quantitative disclosures,
including a discussion of reasonably possible changes that might occur in
unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months; a description of open
tax
years by major jurisdictions; and a roll-forward of all unrecognized tax
benefits, presented as a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances
of
the unrecognized tax benefits on an aggregated basis.
This
statement became effective for us on January 1, 2007. Based on our analysis
it
did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial
statements.
In
May
2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FIN 48-1,
Definition of
Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48
, (“FIN 48-1”). This FSP was issued
to amend FIN No. 48 to clarify that a tax position could be effectively settled
upon examination by a taxing authority. Assessing whether a tax position
is
effectively settled is a matter of judgment because examinations occur in
a
variety of ways. In determining whether a tax position is effectively settled,
an enterprise should make the assessment on a position-by-position basis,
but an
enterprise could conclude that all positions in a particular tax year are
effectively settled. The application of the guidance in this FSP had no impact
on our consolidated financial statements.
We
are
exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates as the financial
results of our UK subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars in consolidation,
we have a short-term inter-company account with our UK subsidiary, and we
pay
certain third party suppliers in foreign currencies. We do not use derivative
instruments or hedging to manage our exposures and do not hold any market
risk
sensitive instruments for trading purposes.
ITEM
4. Controls and Procedures
Changes
in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
As
previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2006, we identified the following material weaknesses in our
internal control over financial reporting: (i) ineffective execution of
non-routine contracts; (ii) inadequate information and communication; (iii)
ineffective review of account analyses; and (iv) inadequate identification
and
analysis of non-income tax related matters.
The
material weaknesses identified by us could result in a material misstatement
to
the annual or interim financial statements that would not be preventable
or
detectable. As a result, we have determined these control deficiencies each
constituted a material weakness as of December 31, 2006. Because of the material
weaknesses noted above, we have concluded that we did not maintain effective
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based
on
criteria in
Internal Control — Integrated Framework
issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
We have
communicated our conclusions to the Audit Committee of our Board of
Directors.
Changes
in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined
in
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the three months
ended September 30, 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably
likely
to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, include
the
items described below.
We
have
taken various corrective actions to remediate the material weaknesses noted
above. By their nature, such actions require a period of time to become fully
effective. The remedial actions associated with these material weaknesses
include the following:
Ineffective
Execution of Non-Routine Contracts.
We
have
improved our contract review procedures to provide a more detailed legal
and
financial review of new contracts in order to identify potential financial
reporting risks and implementation issues.
Inadequate
Information and Communication
We
have
implemented change control procedures requiring review and signoff on
modifications to existing system-generated financial reports used in financial
reporting.
We
began
a process of reviewing, classifying and reconciling individual gift transactions
to properly categorize and support remaining gift deferral
balances.
Ineffective
Review of Account Analyses
We
have
implemented additional reconciliation roll-forwards and review procedures
to
provide greater accuracy over account analysis used as a basis to record
journal
entries.
We
have
engaged more participation in the review of account activities by initiating
periodic circulation of interim financial information.
Inadequate
Identification and Analysis of Non-Income Tax Related Matters
We
have
modified our web site to collect value added tax (“VAT”) from customers in
foreign jurisdictions.
We
have
implemented a periodic formal tax review process intended to identify and
address potential non-income tax related matters.
We
have
made the remediation of the material weaknesses that have been identified
a
significant priority for us and will continue to take steps to address them
by
the end of 2007. We believe that the remediation efforts, taken as a whole,
mitigated the risk of error with respect to our preparation of this quarterly
report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2007, and that these
measures have been effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed
in this quarterly report has been recorded, processed, summarized and reported
correctly. We believe that our controls and procedures will continue to improve
as a result of the further implementation of these measures.
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We
maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that
information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted pursuant
to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the
time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and
forms, and that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act
reports
is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure.
Under
the
supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation
of
the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls
and
procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of September
30, 2007. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were not effective as of such date due to the fact that the material weaknesses
described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006, had not been remediated as of September 30, 2007.
PART
II--OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM
1. Legal Proceedings
Various
legal actions, claims, assessments and other contingencies arising in the
normal
course of business, in addition to the matters described below, are pending
against us. All of these matters are subject to many uncertainties, and it
is
possible that some of these matters could be ultimately decided, resolved
or
settled adversely. We have recorded accruals for losses related to those
matters
which we consider to be probable and that can be reasonably estimated. Although
the ultimate amount of liability at September 30, 2007 that may result from
those matters for which accruals have been recorded may differ, we believe
that
any amounts exceeding the recorded accruals would not be material to the
consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In
June
2001, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in a securities
class action filed in United States District Court for the Southern District
of
New York related to our initial public offering in July 1999. The lawsuits
also
named certain of the underwriters of the IPO as well as certain of our officers
and directors and former directors as defendants. Approximately 300 other
issuers and their underwriters have had similar suits filed against them,
all of
which are included in a single coordinated proceeding in the Southern District
of New York (the “IPO Litigations”). An amended complaint was filed on April 19,
2002. The complaints allege that the prospectus and the registration statement
for our IPO failed to disclose that the underwriters allegedly solicited
and
received “excessive” commissions from investors and that some investors in our
IPO allegedly agreed with the underwriters to buy additional shares in the
aftermarket in order to inflate the price of our stock. We and certain of
our
officers, directors, and former directors were named in the suits pursuant
to
Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act
of
1934, and other related provisions. The complaints seek unspecified damages,
attorneys' and expert fees, and other unspecified litigation costs.
On
July
1, 2002, the underwriter defendants in the consolidated actions moved to
dismiss
all of the IPO Litigations, including the action involving us. On July 15,
2002
we, along with other non-underwriter defendants in the coordinated cases,
also
moved to dismiss the IPO Litigations. On February 19, 2003, the court ruled
on
the motions. The court granted our motion to dismiss the claims against us
under
Rule 10b-5, due to the insufficiency of the allegations against us. The motions
to dismiss the claims under Section 11 of the Securities Act were denied
as to
virtually all of the defendants in the consolidated cases, including ours.
Our
individual officers, directors and former director defendants in the IPO
Litigation signed a tolling agreement and were dismissed from the action
without
prejudice on October 9, 2002.
In
June
2003, a proposed settlement of this litigation was reached among the plaintiffs,
the issuer defendants in the consolidated actions, the issuer officers and
directors named as defendants, and the issuers' insurance companies. The
settlement would provide, among other things, a release for us and for the
individual defendants for the conduct alleged to be wrongful in the amended
complaint. We would agree to undertake other responsibilities under the partial
settlement, including agreeing to assign away, not assert, or release certain
potential claims that we may have against the underwriters. Any direct financial
impact of the proposed settlement is expected to be borne by our insurance
carriers.
In
June
2004, the proposed settlement was submitted to the court for preliminary
approval. The court requested that any objections to preliminary approval
of the
settlement be submitted by July 14, 2004, and the underwriter defendants
formally objected to the settlement. The plaintiff and issuer defendants
separately filed replies to the underwriter defendants' objections to the
settlement on August 4, 2004. The court granted preliminary approval on February
15, 2005, subject to certain modifications. On August 31, 2005, the court
issued
a preliminary order further approving the modifications to the settlement
and
certifying the settlement cases. The court also appointed the Notice
Administrator for the settlement and ordered that notice of the settlement
be
distributed to all settlement class members beginning on November 15, 2005.
The
settlement fairness hearing was held on April 26, 2006, and the court reserved
decision. The plaintiffs have continued to litigate against the underwriter
defendants. The district court directed that the litigation proceed within
a
number of “focus cases” rather than in all of the 310 cases that have been
consolidated. Our case is not one of these focus cases. On October 13, 2004,
the
district court certified the focus cases as class actions. The underwriter
defendants appealed the ruling, and on December 5, 2006, the Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit reversed the district court’s class certification
decision. On April 6, 2007, the Second Circuit denied plaintiffs’ petition for a
rehearing. In light of the Second Circuit opinion, the district court has
been
informed that the settlement cannot be approved because the defined settlement
class, like the litigation class, cannot be certified. On June 25, 2007,
the
district court entered into an order terminating the settlement agreement.
There
can be no assurance that a settlement that complies with the Second Circuit’s
mandate can be renegotiated.
On
August
14, 2007, the plaintiffs filed their second consolidated amended class action
complaints against the focus cases and on September 27, 2007, filed motions
for
class certification again. The focus case issuer and underwriter
defendants intend to move for dismissal of these second amended
complaints.
Due
to
the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot accurately predict the
ultimate outcome of the matter.
Starting
on or about February 22, 2005, several class actions were filed against us
and
two of our executives in the United States District Court for the District
of
New Jersey. The plaintiffs purport to represent a class consisting of all
persons (other than our officers and directors and their affiliates) who
purchased our securities between November 2, 2004 and February 15, 2005 (the
"Class Period"). The plaintiffs allege that the defendants violated Section
10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of
934
and
Rule 10b-5 there under by failing to make complete and accurate disclosures
concerning our future plans and prospects. The individual defendants are
also
alleged to be liable under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. All of the
defendants are alleged to have sold stock at inflated prices during the Class
Period. In December 2005, the United States District Court for the District
of New Jersey consolidated the class action, appointed a group of lead
plaintiffs and appointed lead plaintiff's counsel. By prior agreement, the
plaintiff's consolidated amended complaint was filed on February 14, 2006.
The
plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and their reasonable costs and
expenses, including counsel fees and expert fees. The defendants moved to
dismiss the pleading. In March 2007, the Court granted the defendants’ motion to
dismiss the plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint but granted the
plaintiffs leave to amend. The plaintiffs have filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the defendants have opposed. The Court has yet to
rule on
the motion.
In
April
2005, a derivative action was filed in the state court of New Jersey against
us,
the two executives named as individual defendants in the class actions described
above, six of our outside directors, and three of our stockholders. The
derivative action made the same factual allegations as the class actions
described above and added allegations that the six outside directors named
as
defendants and/or the stockholders who nominated them sold stock at inflated
prices at or about the time of the secondary offering of securities that
we made
in November 2004. The plaintiff in this derivative action purported to seek
a
recovery of the damages allegedly sustained by us rather than by investors
who
allegedly purchased securities at inflated prices.
In
May
2005, we learned of a second derivative action which was filed during April
2005
in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against
us,
the two executives named as individual defendants in the class actions described
above, and all seven of our outside directors. The derivative action makes
the
same allegations as the class actions described above and adds allegations
that
all of the individual defendants are responsible for an alleged failure of
internal controls that resulted in the 45-day delay in the filing of our
Form
10-K for 2004. The plaintiff in this derivative action purports to seek a
recovery of the damages allegedly sustained by us rather than by investors
who
allegedly purchased securities at inflated prices.
The
plaintiffs in the derivative actions voluntarily agreed to stay those actions
pending the outcome of our anticipated motion to dismiss the class actions
described above. More recently, the state derivative action was dismissed
without prejudice because the Court preferred that course of action to staying
the action. The state derivative action could be re-commenced if the securities
class action survives the defendant's motion to dismiss.
The
Company believes that all of the claims relating to the 2005 class action
described above are without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously.
Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and because these actions
are at
a preliminary stage, the Company cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome
of these matters.
On
October 5, 2007, Digital Reg of Texas, LLC, a patent holding company, filed
a
complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging
that we, among numerous other defendants, infringes a patent purportedly
relating to our Digital Rights Management technology. We intend to defend
against the claim vigorously, but at this time we are unable to
predict the outcome of the suit or reasonably estimate any possible
loss.
On
October 9, 2007, Vanessa Simmonds, a purported stockholder, filed suit in
the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington against
Credit Suisse Group and JP Morgan & Co., the lead underwriters of our
initial public offering in July 1999, alleging violations of
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. Sec.
78p(b). The complaint seeks to recover from the lead underwriters any
“short-swing profits” obtained by them in violation of Section 16(b).
We were named as a nominal defendant in the action, but have no liability
for the asserted claims. We are considering what, if any,
action to take in response to this litigation. We do not anticipate
that the ultimate outcome of this litigation will have a material adverse
impact
on our financial position.
Our
business is subject to a number of risks. For a more detailed explanation
of
factors affecting our businesses, please refer to the Risk Factors section
in
Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2006. There have been no material changes to our risk factors as of
September 30, 2007.
ITEM
2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity
Securities and Use of Proceeds
None
ITEM
3.
Defaults Upon Senior
Security
Not
applicable
ITEM
4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security
Holders
None
None
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
31.2
|
|
32.1
|
|
32.2
|
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
|
|
By:
|
/s/
William H. Mitchell
|
Name:
|
William
H. Mitchell
|
Title:
|
Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
Date:
|
November
9, 2007
|
|
|
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