Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from ________ to ________

Commission file number 001-34702

SPS COMMERCE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware			41-2015127
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

333 South Seventh Street, Suite 1000, Minneapolis, MN 55402

(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)

(612) 435-9400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

SPSC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o

Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o

		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding at October 17, 2024 was 37,568,061 shares.

Table of Contents

SPS COMMERCE, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	29

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	29

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29

Item 5.	Other Information	30

Item 6.	Exhibits	30

SIGNATURES		31

Unless the context otherwise requires, for purposes of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the words “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “SPS,” and “SPS Commerce” refer to SPS Commerce, Inc.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			2			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SPS COMMERCE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


(in thousands, except shares)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	198,842	$	219,081
Short-term investments	6,931		56,359
Accounts receivable	60,044		50,160
Allowance for credit losses	(4,474)		(3,320)
Accounts receivable, net	55,570		46,840
Deferred costs	64,665		62,403
Other assets	18,639		16,758
Total current assets	344,647		401,441
Property and equipment, net	36,148		36,043
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,412		7,862
Goodwill	423,508		249,176
Intangible assets, net	168,131		107,344
Other assets
Deferred costs, non-current	20,802		20,347
Deferred income tax assets	412		505
Other assets, non-current	1,240		1,126
Total assets	$	1,003,300	$	823,844
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	8,107	$	7,420
Accrued compensation	46,010		41,588
Accrued expenses	8,968		8,014
Deferred revenue	78,883		69,187
Operating lease liabilities	4,363		4,460
Total current liabilities	146,331		130,669
Other liabilities
Deferred revenue, non-current	6,550		6,930
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	8,807		9,569
Deferred income tax liabilities	11,607		8,972
Other liabilities, non-current	640		229
Total liabilities	173,935		156,369
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 110,000,000 shares authorized; 39,495,411 and 38,971,146 shares issued; and 37,566,443 and 36,820,048 shares outstanding, respectively	39		39
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,928,968 and 2,151,098 shares, respectively	(99,748)		(128,892)
Additional paid-in capital	611,719		537,061
Retained earnings	318,540		259,045
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)	(1,185)		222
Total stockholders’ equity	829,365		667,475
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,003,300	$	823,844

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			3			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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SPS COMMERCE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues	$	163,686	$	135,661	$	466,858	$	391,945
Cost of revenues	51,624		45,521		155,129		133,029
Gross profit	112,062		90,140		311,729		258,916
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	37,577		30,289		109,700		89,722
Research and development	15,292		13,558		45,667		39,438
General and administrative	27,152		21,906		76,575		64,275
Amortization of intangible assets	6,470		3,788		15,648		11,118
Total operating expenses	86,491		69,541		247,590		204,553
Income from operations	25,571		20,599		64,139		54,363
Other income, net	3,778		1,702		10,966		4,859
Income before income taxes	29,349		22,301		75,105		59,222
Income tax expense	5,889		5,459		15,610		12,409
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842	$	59,495	$	46,813

Other comprehensive income (expense)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	3,332		(2,966)		(886)		(1,446)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $28, $190, $363 and $459, respectively	84		570		1,089		1,376
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax of $(83), $(137), $(537) and $(390), respectively	(248)		(412)		(1,610)		(1,169)
Total other comprehensive income (expense)	3,168		(2,808)		(1,407)		(1,239)
Comprehensive income	$	26,628	$	14,034	$	58,088	$	45,574

Net income per share
Basic	$	0.63	$	0.46	$	1.60	$	1.28
Diluted	$	0.62	$	0.45	$	1.57	$	1.25

Weighted average common shares used to compute net income per share
Basic	37,447		36,728		37,192		36,584
Diluted	37,996		37,584		37,785		37,417

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			4			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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SPS COMMERCE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY


	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands, except shares) (unaudited)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances, June 30, 2023	36,646,819	$	39	2,151,098	$	(128,892)	$	508,484	$	223,192	$	(1,842)	$	600,981
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		10,780		—		—		10,780
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	45,952	—		—	—		705		—		—		705
Employee stock purchase plan activity	3,159	—		—	—		344		—		—		344

Net income	—	—		—	—		—		16,842		—		16,842
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		(2,966)		(2,966)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		570		570
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(412)		(412)
Balances, September 30, 2023	36,695,930	$	39	2,151,098	$	(128,892)	$	520,313	$	240,034	$	(4,650)	$	626,844

Balances, June 30, 2024	37,086,627	$	39	2,333,099	$	(162,187)	$	574,842	$	295,080	$	(4,353)	$	703,421
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		9,996		—		—		9,996
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	72,852	—		—	—		1,884		—		—		1,884
Employee stock purchase plan activity	2,833	—		—	—		453		—		—		453
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	(456)	—		456	(84)		—		—		—		(84)
Reissuances of treasury stock	404,587	—		(404,587)	62,523		24,544		—		—		87,067
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		23,460		—		23,460
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		3,332		3,332
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		84		84
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(248)		(248)
Balances, September 30, 2024	37,566,443	$	39	1,928,968	$	(99,748)	$	611,719	$	318,540	$	(1,185)	$	829,365


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			5			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)		Total Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands, except shares) (unaudited)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances, December 31, 2022	36,158,046	$	38	2,151,098	$	(128,892)	$	476,117	$	193,221	$	(3,411)	$	537,073
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		34,192		—		—		34,192
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	496,500	1		—	—		5,523		—		—		5,524
Employee stock purchase plan activity	41,384	—		—	—		4,481		—		—		4,481

Net income	—	—		—	—		—		46,813		—		46,813
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,446)		(1,446)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		1,376		1,376
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,169)		(1,169)
Balances, September 30, 2023	36,695,930	$	39	2,151,098	$	(128,892)	$	520,313	$	240,034	$	(4,650)	$	626,844

Balances, December 31, 2023	36,820,048	$	39	2,151,098	$	(128,892)	$	537,061	$	259,045	$	222	$	667,475
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		40,075		—		—		40,075
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	488,849	—		—	—		4,198		—		—		4,198
Employee stock purchase plan activity	35,416	—		—	—		5,672		—		—		5,672
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	(205,331)	—		205,331	(37,567)		—		—		—		(37,567)
Reissuances of treasury stock	427,461	—		(427,461)	66,711		24,713		—		—		91,424
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		59,495		—		59,495
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—	—		—		—		(886)		(886)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		1,089		1,089
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,610)		(1,610)
Balances, September 30, 2024	37,566,443	$	39	1,928,968	$	(99,748)	$	611,719	$	318,540	$	(1,185)	$	829,365

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements..


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			6			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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SPS COMMERCE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) (unaudited)	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	59,495	$	46,813
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Deferred income taxes	(9,918)		(11,906)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,010		13,964
Amortization of intangible assets	15,648		11,118
Provision for credit losses	6,239		4,004
Stock-based compensation	42,264		36,097
Other, net	(925)		1,711
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions
Accounts receivable	(11,456)		(8,800)
Deferred costs	(2,240)		(7,543)
Other assets and liabilities	(2,258)		2,814
Accounts payable	665		(5,289)
Accrued compensation	458		8,073
Accrued expenses	842		(169)
Deferred revenue	5,424		10,042
Operating leases	(1,412)		(1,417)
Net cash provided by operating activities	116,836		99,512
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(13,832)		(15,467)
Purchases of investments	(85,759)		(102,763)
Maturities of investments	136,765		95,000
Acquisition of businesses, net	(147,401)		(70,218)
Net cash used in investing activities	(110,227)		(93,448)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of common stock	(37,567)		—
Net proceeds from exercise of options to purchase common stock	4,198		5,524
Net proceeds from employee stock purchase plan activity	5,672		4,481

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(27,697)		10,005
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes	849		(260)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(20,239)		15,809
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	219,081		162,893
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	198,842	$	178,702

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			7			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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SPS COMMERCE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE A – General

Business Description

SPS Commerce is a leading provider of cloud-based supply chain management services across our global retail network. Our products make it easier for retailers, grocers, distributors, suppliers, and logistics firms to communicate and collaborate by simplifying how they manage and share item, inventory, order and sales data across omnichannel retail channels. We deliver our products using a full-service model, which includes industry-leading technology and a team of experts that optimize, update, and operate the technology on customers' behalf.

Our products enable customers to increase supply chain performance, optimize inventory levels and sell-through, reduce operational costs, improve order visibility, and satisfy consumer demands for a seamless omnichannel experience.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of SPS Commerce, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

This interim financial information has been prepared under the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We have included all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to provide a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Operating results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates

Preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There were no material changes in our significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. See Note A to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC, for additional information regarding our significant accounting policies.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued and Adopted

Standard

Date of Issuance

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on the Financial Statements

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

November 2023

This amendment requires that an entity disclose significant segment expenses impacting profit and loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker.

2024

The adoption will result in additional disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

December 2023

This amendment requires that an entity disclose specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation table as well as provide disclosure of disaggregated information related to income tax expense, income before income taxes, and income taxes paid.

2025

We are currently evaluating the adoption on our financial statements and anticipate the impact will result in additional disclosure.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			8			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE B – Business Acquisitions

SupplyPike, Inc.

Effective July 31, 2024, we acquired SupplyPike, Inc. ("SupplyPike"), an automated invoice deduction management and prevention solution, through the purchase of all of the outstanding equity ownership interests of SupplyPike. Pursuant to the definitive agreement and plan of merger, the total consideration transferred at close was $205.8 million, net of cash acquired and subject to customary post-close adjustments. The consideration was comprised of $118.6 million paid in cash and 404,587 shares of SPS common stock (valued at $87.2 million, determined at acquisition close based on the price of SPS common stock). The shares were issued from SPS treasury shares, see Note J - Stockholders' Equity for further detail on the treasury share reissuance. The purchase accounting for the acquisition has not been finalized as of September 30, 2024; provisional amounts are primarily related to intangible assets and tax components. We will finalize the allocation of the purchase price within the one-year measurement period following the acquisition. The goodwill associated with the acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Purchase Price Allocation

The following table presents the purchase consideration and estimated fair values of acquired assets and liabilities recorded in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date:


(in thousands)
Cash paid	$	124,769
Equity consideration	87,156
Total consideration	$	211,925

Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Cash	$	6,118
Other assets	3,659
Intangible assets
Subscriber relationships	16,500
Developed technology	49,500
Deferred revenue	(2,297)
Other liabilities	(2,643)
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	(11,580)
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired	$	59,257

Goodwill	$	152,668

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated useful lives for each acquired intangible asset:


			Useful Life
Subscriber relationships			7.0 years
Developed technology			8.0 years

Traverse Systems

Effective May 8, 2024, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets of Traverse Systems LLC ("Traverse Systems"), an industry-leading provider in retailer supply chain performance and vendor management. Total consideration transferred at close was $29.4 million, subject to customary post-close adjustments, which was comprised of $25.0 million paid in cash and 22,874 shares of SPS common stock (valued at $4.4 million, determined at acquisition close based on the price of SPS common stock). The shares were issued from SPS treasury shares, see Note J - Stockholders' Equity for further detail on the treasury share reissuance.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			9			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination. We allocated the purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Assets acquired primarily comprised of subscriber relationships and developed technology intangible assets, totaling $7.7 million and $3.6 million of estimated fair value, respectively, and $18.4 million was allocated to goodwill. The remainder of the consideration transferred was allocated to net assets acquired other than the intangible assets. The purchase accounting for the acquisition was finalized as of September 30, 2024. The goodwill associated with the acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes.

Other Acquisition Activity

Effective April 10, 2024, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire Vision33's SAP Business One SPS Integration Technology. Pursuant to the definitive agreement, the purchase price, denominated in Canadian dollars ("CAD"), was $5.8 million CAD ($4.3 million U.S. dollars ["USD"] at the Agreement date exchange rate), of which $4.5 million CAD ($3.3 million USD) was paid in cash at close, with the remainder payable in cash within two years, subject to certain closing conditions. Assets acquired were primarily comprised of developed technology and subscriber relationships, totaling $1.7 million USD and $0.4 million USD of estimated fair value, respectively. The remainder of the consideration transferred, $2.2 million USD, was allocated to goodwill. The purchase accounting for the acquisition was finalized as of June 30, 2024. The goodwill associated with the acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes.

NOTE C – Revenue

We derive our revenues from the following revenue streams:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Recurring revenues:
Fulfillment	$	135,290	$	110,900	$	382,654	$	318,069
Analytics	13,838		13,098		41,361		38,177
Other	5,328		3,373		14,107		9,949
Recurring revenues	154,456		127,371		438,122		366,195
One-time revenues	9,230		8,290		28,736		25,750
Total revenue	$	163,686	$	135,661	$	466,858	$	391,945

Revenues are the amount that reflects the consideration we are contractually and legally entitled to, as well as the amount we expect to collect, in exchange for those services.

Revenue by Geographic Area

Domestic revenue, which we define as revenue that was attributable to customers based within the United States ("U.S."), was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic revenue	83	%	84	%	83	%	84	%

No single jurisdiction outside of the U.S. had revenues in excess of 10%.

Recurring Revenues

Recurring revenues consist of recurring subscriptions from customers that utilize our Fulfillment, Analytics, and Other supply chain management products. Revenue for these products is generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our contracts with our recurring revenue customers are recurring in nature, generally ranging from monthly to annual, and generally allow the customer to cancel the contract for any reason with 30 to 90 days’ notice. Timing of billings varies by customer and by contract type and generally are either in advance or within 30 days of the service being performed.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			10			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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Given that the recurring revenue contracts are generally for one year or less, we have applied the optional exemption to not disclose information about the remaining performance obligations for recurring revenue contracts.

One-time Revenues

One-time revenues consist of set-up fees and miscellaneous fees from customers.

Set-up revenues

Set-up fees are specific for each connection a customer has with a trading partner. These nonrefundable fees are necessary for our customers to utilize our services and do not provide any standalone value. Many of our customers have connections with numerous trading partners.

Set-up fees constitute a material renewal option right that provide customers a significant future incentive that would not be otherwise available to that customer unless they entered into the contract, as the set-up fees will not be incurred again upon contract renewal. As such, set-up fees and related costs are deferred and recognized ratably generally over two years which is the estimated period for which a material right is present for our customers.

The table below presents the activity of the portion of the deferred revenue liability relating to set-up fees. We expect to recognize $13.5 million of the balance as of September 30, 2024 as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining amount recognized thereafter.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	18,360	$	16,978	$	17,603	$	14,999
Invoiced set-up fees	3,866		4,496		13,387		14,493
Recognized set-up fees	(4,519)		(4,225)		(13,283)		(12,243)
Balance, end of period	$	17,707	$	17,249	$	17,707	$	17,249

Miscellaneous one-time revenues

Miscellaneous one-time fees consist of professional services and testing and certification.

The contract period for these one-time fees is for one year or less and recognized at the time service is provided. We have applied the optional exemption to not disclose information about the remaining performance obligations for miscellaneous one-time fee contracts since they have original durations of one year or less.

Deferred Revenue

We recognized revenue of $61.8 million and $52.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

NOTE D – Deferred Costs

The deferred costs activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	84,928	$	75,255	$	82,750	$	70,179
Incurred deferred costs	22,532		20,094		67,483		57,632
Amortized deferred costs	(21,993)		(16,303)		(64,766)		(48,765)
Balance, end of period	$	85,467	$	79,046	$	85,467	$	79,046


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			11			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE E – Fair Value Measurements

Cash equivalents and investments, as measured at fair value on a recurring basis, consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024							December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value		Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	135,700	$	—	$	135,700	Level 1	$	161,233	$	—	$	161,233
Investments:
Certificates of deposit	Level 2	6,931		—		6,931		Level 1	6,805		—		6,805
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2	—		—		—		Level 2	48,860		694		49,554

		$	142,631	$	—	$	142,631		$	216,898	$	694	$	217,592

NOTE F – Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses activity, included in accounts receivable, net, was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,320	$	3,066
Provision for credit losses	6,239		4,004
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(5,085)		(3,993)
Balance, end of period	$	4,474	$	3,077

NOTE G – Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Internally developed software	$	69,727	$	60,396
Computer equipment	35,904		34,402
Leasehold improvements	15,381		15,387
Office equipment and furniture	10,980		10,966
Property and equipment, cost	131,992		121,151
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(95,844)		(85,108)
Total property and equipment, net	$	36,148	$	36,043

Property and equipment, net located at subsidiary and office locations outside of the U.S. was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
International property and equipment	18	%	15	%


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			12			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE H – Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill

The activity in goodwill was as follows:


(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	249,176
Addition from business acquisitions	173,164
Foreign currency translation	(649)
Remeasurement from provisional purchase accounting amount	1,817
Balance, end of period	$	423,508

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	126,423	$	(41,513)	$	(138)	$	84,772	6.2 years
Developed technology	105,518		(22,151)		(8)		83,359		6.6 years
	$	231,941	$	(63,664)	$	(146)	$	168,131	6.4 years


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	105,228	$	(32,097)	$	724	$	73,855	6.6 years
Developed technology	48,843		(15,669)		315		33,489		5.0 years
	$	154,071	$	(47,766)	$	1,039	$	107,344	6.1 years

The estimated future annual amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	7,231
2025	28,792
2026	27,788
2027	27,314
2028	25,974
Thereafter	51,032
Total future amortization	$	168,131


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			13			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE I – Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	884	$	729	$	2,496	$	2,306
Variable lease cost	824		909		2,743		2,787
	$	1,708	$	1,638	$	5,239	$	5,093

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	3,801	$	3,835
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	2,554		1,072

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2.6 years		3.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate	4.2	%	4.0	%

At September 30, 2024, our future minimum payments under operating leases were as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	1,716
2025	5,460
2026	4,784
2027	1,740


Thereafter	240
Total future gross payments	$	13,940
Less: imputed interest	(770)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,170

Purchase Commitments

We have entered into separate noncancelable agreements with computing infrastructure, productivity software, customer relationship management, and performance and security data analytics vendors for services through 2026. At September 30, 2024, our remaining purchase commitments and estimated purchase timing were as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	2,890
2025	14,187
2026	4,692



Total estimated future purchases	$	21,769


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			14			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE J – Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Programs

Our board of directors has authorized multiple non-concurrent programs to repurchase our common stock. Details of the programs and activity thereunder through September 30, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Share Value Authorized for Repurchase		Share Value Repurchased		Unused & Expired Share Repurchase Value		Share Value Available for Future Repurchase
2022 Program	August 2022	July 2024	$	50,000	$	40,556	$	9,444	N/A
2024 Program	August 2024	July 2026	100,000		—		N/A		$	100,000

Share repurchases are accounted for as the trade date occurs and are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements net of the costs incurred to acquire the shares. Share repurchases that have not yet settled in cash are included in accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The share repurchase activity by period was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Number of shares repurchased	456		—		205,331		—
Total share repurchased cost	$	84	$	—	$	37,567	$	—
Average total cost per repurchased share	$	184.21	$	—	$	182.96	$	—

Treasury Stock Reissuance

In connection with the acquisitions of SupplyPike and Traverse Systems, the Company re-issued treasury shares as part of the purchase considerations (see Note B – Business Combinations for further information). Treasury stock reissuances are accounted for using the specific identification method, with gains (or losses to the extent of previously recognized gains) recognized in additional paid-in capital and any remaining loss recorded in retained earnings.

NOTE K – Stock-Based Compensation

Our equity compensation plans provide for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, as well as other stock-based awards including performance share units (“PSUs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and deferred stock units (“DSUs”), to employees, non-employee directors and other consultants who provide services to us. We also provide an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) and 401(k) match to eligible participants.

We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on grant date award fair value. This cost is recognized over the period for which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award or the award performance period, except for expenses relating to retirement-eligible employees. If retirement-eligible employees have not given their required notice, expense is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the notice period prior to retirement; if they have given their notice, expense is recognized over the notice period; if they have given their notice and completed the notice period, expense is recognized upon grant. At September 30, 2024, there were 12.3 million shares available for grant under approved equity compensation plans.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			15			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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Stock-based compensation expense was allocated in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	1,412	$	2,506	$	8,224	$	7,595
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	2,820		2,428		9,776		7,379
Research and development	1,939		1,798		7,001		5,387
General and administrative	4,581		4,704		17,263		15,736
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

Stock-based compensation expense by grant type or plan was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	514	$	487	$	1,517	$	1,472
PSUs	2,260		2,812		7,149		10,236
RSUs & DSUs	6,309		6,722		28,751		20,165
RSAs	112		122		329		345
ESPP	800		637		2,323		1,974
401(k) stock match	757		656		2,195		1,905
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

As of September 30, 2024, there was $78.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense under our equity compensation plans, which is expected to be recognized on a primarily straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.

Stock Options

Our stock option activity was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Options (#)	Weighted Average Exercise Price ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	346,822	$	80.02
Granted	36,993	197.42
Exercised	(85,364)	49.18
Forfeited	(2,094)	158.63
Outstanding, end of period	296,357	$	103.01

Of the total outstanding options at September 30, 2024, 0.2 million were exercisable. The outstanding and exercisable options had a weighted average exercise price of $83.65 per share and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.0 years.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			16			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $69.82 per share. This was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:


Life (in years)	4.1
Volatility	36.7	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	4.3	%

Performance Share Units, Restricted Stock Units and Awards, and Deferred Stock Units

In each of the quarters ended March 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, and 2021 we granted PSU awards with a target performance level. These awards are earned based upon our Company’s total shareholder return as compared to an indexed total shareholder return over the course of a fiscal based three-year performance period, starting in the year of grant. Earned awards vest in the quarter following the conclusion of the performance period. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, PSU awards granted in 2021 vested at the maximum performance level and 0.1 million shares of common stock were issued.

Activity for our PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs in aggregate was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	#	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	773,414	$	147.50
Granted	409,843	185.73
Vested and common stock issued	(403,291)	124.30
Forfeited	(33,725)	180.49
Outstanding, end of period	746,241	$	179.54

The number of PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs outstanding at September 30, 2024 included less than 0.1 million units that have vested, but the shares of common stock have not yet been issued, pursuant to the terms of the underlying agreements.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our ESPP activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amounts for shares purchased	$	453	$	344	$	5,672	$	4,481
Shares purchased	2,833		3,159		35,416		41,384

A total of 1.6 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan at September 30, 2024.

The fair value was estimated based on the market price of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period using the following assumptions:


Life (in years)	0.5
Volatility	30.9	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	5.3	%


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			17			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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NOTE L – Income Taxes

We record our interim provision for income taxes by applying our estimated annual effective tax rate to our year-to-date pre-tax income and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the period. Our provisions for income taxes includes current federal, state, and foreign income tax expense, as well as deferred tax expense.

Differences between our effective tax rate and statutory tax rates are primarily due to the impact of permanently non-deductible expenses partially offset by the federal research and development credits and tax benefits associated with foreign-derived intangible income. Additionally, excess tax benefits generated upon settlement or exercise of stock awards are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense as a discrete tax item in the quarter that the event occurs, creating potentially significant fluctuation in tax expense by quarter and by year.

NOTE M – Other Income and Expense

Other income, net included the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Investment income	$	2,704	$	2,635	$	8,377	$	5,372
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	1,077		98		2,636		525
Other expense, net	(3)		(1,031)		(47)		(1,038)
Total other income, net	$	3,778	$	1,702	$	10,966	$	4,859

NOTE N – Net Income Per Share

The components and computation of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842	$	59,495	$	46,813
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	37,447		36,728		37,192		36,584
Options to purchase common stock and ESPP	145		256		159		279
PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs	404		600		434		554
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	37,996		37,584		37,785		37,417
Net income per share
Basic	$	0.63	$	0.46	$	1.60	$	1.28
Diluted	$	0.62	$	0.45	$	1.57	$	1.25

The number of outstanding potential common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as they were anti-dilutive was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024	2023	2024	2023
Anti-dilutive shares	130	40	118	43


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			18			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward looking statements regarding us, our business prospects and our results of operations are subject to certain risks and uncertainties posed by many factors and events that could cause our actual business, prospects and results of operations to differ materially from those that may be anticipated by such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Similarly, statements that describe our future plans, objectives or goals are also forward-looking. Forward-looking statements may also be made from time to time in oral presentations, including telephone conferences and/or webcasts open to the public. Shareholders, potential investors, and others are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause results in future periods to differ materially from those anticipated by some of the statements made in this report, including the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as may be updated in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q from time to time. We expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business.

Overview

We plan to continue to grow our business by further penetrating the supply chain management market, increasing revenues from our customers as their businesses grow, expanding our distribution channels, expanding our international presence and, from time to time, developing new products and applications. We also intend to selectively pursue acquisitions that will add customers, allow us to expand into new regions, or allow us to offer new functionalities.

Key Financial Terms, Metrics and Non-GAAP Measures

We have several key financial terms, metrics, and non-GAAP measures as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC, under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements, we provide investors with Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and non-GAAP income per share, all of which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to our management, Board of Directors, and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations.

Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures to compare our performance to that of prior periods for trend analyses and planning purposes. Adjusted EBITDA is also used for purposes of determining executive and senior management incentive compensation. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to an investor as they are widely used in evaluating operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are used to measure operating performance without regard to items such as depreciation and amortization, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets, and to present a meaningful measure of corporate performance exclusive of capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			19			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in our condensed consolidated financial statements and are subject to inherent limitations. Investors should review the reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures that are included in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023				Change
($ in thousands)	$		% of revenue(1)		$		% of revenue(1)		$		%(2)
Revenues	$	163,686	100	%	$	135,661	100	%	$	28,025	21	%
Cost of revenues	51,624		32		45,521		34		6,103		13
Gross profit	112,062		68		90,140		66		21,922		24
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	37,577		23		30,289		22		7,288		24
Research and development	15,292		9		13,558		10		1,734		13
General and administrative	27,152		17		21,906		16		5,246		24
Amortization of intangible assets	6,470		4		3,788		3		2,682		71
Total operating expenses	86,491		53		69,541		51		16,950		24
Income from operations	25,571		16		20,599		15		4,972		24
Other income, net	3,778		2		1,702		1		2,076		NM
Income before income taxes	29,349		18		22,301		16		7,048		32
Income tax expense	5,889		4		5,459		4		430		8
Net income	$	23,460	14	%	$	16,842	12	%	$	6,618	39	%

(1) Amounts in column may not foot due to rounding
(2) NM = not meaningful

Revenues - Revenues increased for the 95th consecutive quarter. The increase in revenue period-over-period resulted primarily from the increase in average recurring revenues per recurring revenue customer, which we also refer to as wallet share. Additionally, the revenue growth was attributable to an increase in recurring revenue customers, which is driven primarily by continued business growth and by business acquisitions.

•Wallet share increased 18% to approximately $13,700 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from approximately $11,650 for the same period in 2023. This was primarily attributable to increased usage of our products by our recurring revenue customers.

•The number of recurring revenue customers increased 2% to approximately 45,200 at September 30, 2024 from approximately 44,500 at September 30, 2023, primarily due to sales and marketing efforts to acquire new customers and recent acquisitions. New recurring revenue customers do not have a meaningful contribution to revenue at the beginning of their tenure as our recurring revenue customer, and therefore a majority of the increased revenue was generated from existing recurring revenue customers.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			20			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

•Approximately 1,000 recurring revenue customers were added in September 2023 due to the acquisition of the existing customer base of TIE Kinetix. Additionally, approximately 50 recurring revenue customers were added in May 2024 due to the acquisition of the existing customer base of Traverse Systems, and approximately 200 recurring revenue customers were added in July 2024 due to the acquisition of the existing customer base of SupplyPike.

Recurring revenues increased 21% to $154.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. Recurring revenues accounted for 94% of our total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. We anticipate that the number of recurring revenue customers and wallet share will continue to increase as we execute our growth strategy focused on further penetration of our market.

Cost of Revenues - The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $4.7 million in personnel-related costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses - The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $5.0 million in personnel-related costs.

Research and Development Expenses - The increase in research and development expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $2.4 million in personnel-related costs.

General and Administrative Expenses - The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $1.7 million in personnel-related costs. Additionally, there was an expense increase of $1.1 million associated with current and projected future credit losses and overall business growth.

Amortization of Intangible Assets - The increase in amortization of intangible assets was driven by acquired intangible assets related to recent business combinations.

Other Income, Net - The increase in other income, net was primarily due to realized gains from favorable foreign currency exchange rates.

Income Tax Expense - The increase in income tax expense was primarily driven by increases in pre-tax income and our US state effective rate, as partially offset by favorable return to provision adjustments made in the current period.

Adjusted EBITDA - Adjusted EBITDA consists of net income adjusted for income tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, realized gain or loss from foreign currency on cash and investments held, investment income, and other adjustments as necessary for a fair presentation. Other adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2024 included the expense impacts from disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software and one-time acquisition-related insurance costs. Other adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2023 included the expense impact from acquisition-related employee severance costs. Net income is the comparable GAAP measure of financial performance.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842
Income tax expense	5,889		5,459
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	4,633		4,675
Amortization of intangible assets	6,470		3,788
Stock-based compensation expense	10,752		11,436
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	(1,077)		(98)
Investment income	(2,704)		(2,635)
Other	978		1,036
Adjusted EBITDA	$	48,401	$	40,503


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			21			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

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Adjusted EBITDA Margin - Adjusted EBITDA Margin consists of Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. Margin, the comparable GAAP measure of financial performance, consists of net income divided by revenue.

The following table provides a comparison of Margin to Adjusted EBITDA Margin:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except Margin and Adjusted EBITDA Margin)	2024			2023
Revenue	$	163,686		$	135,661

Net income	23,460			16,842
Margin	14		%	12		%

Adjusted EBITDA	48,401			40,503
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	30		%	30		%

Non-GAAP Income per Share - Non-GAAP income per share consists of net income adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, amortization expense related to intangible assets, realized gain or loss from foreign currency on cash and investments held, other adjustments as necessary for a fair presentation, including for the three months ended September 30, 2024 the expense impacts from disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software and one-time acquisition-related insurance costs and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 the expense impact from acquisition-related employee severance costs, and the corresponding tax impacts of the adjustments to net income, divided by the weighted average number of shares of common and diluted stock outstanding during each period. Net income per share, the comparable GAAP measure of financial performance, consists of net income divided by the weighted average number of shares of common and diluted stock outstanding during each period. To quantify the tax effects, we recalculated income tax expense excluding the direct book and tax effects of the specific items constituting the non-GAAP adjustments. The difference between this recalculated income tax expense and GAAP income tax expense is presented as the income tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income per share to non-GAAP income per share:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842
Stock-based compensation expense	10,752		11,436
Amortization of intangible assets	6,470		3,788
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	(1,077)		(98)
Other	978		1,036
Income tax effects of adjustments	(5,514)		(4,981)
Non-GAAP income	$	35,069	$	28,023

Shares used to compute net income and non-GAAP income per share
Basic	37,447		36,728
Diluted	37,996		37,584

Net income per share, basic	$	0.63	$	0.46
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share, basic	0.31		0.30
Non-GAAP income per share, basic	$	0.94	$	0.76

Net income per share, diluted	$	0.62	$	0.45
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share, diluted	0.30		0.30
Non-GAAP income per share, diluted	$	0.92	$	0.75


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			22			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023				Change
($ in thousands)	$		% of revenue(1)		$		% of revenue(1)		$		%(2)
Revenues	$	466,858	100	%	$	391,945	100	%	$	74,913	19	%
Cost of revenues	155,129		33		133,029		34		22,100		17
Gross profit	311,729		67		258,916		66		52,813		20
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	109,700		23		89,722		23		19,978		22
Research and development	45,667		10		39,438		10		6,229		16
General and administrative	76,575		16		64,275		16		12,300		19
Amortization of intangible assets	15,648		3		11,118		3		4,530		41
Total operating expenses	247,590		53		204,553		52		43,037		21
Income from operations	64,139		14		54,363		14		9,776		18
Other income, net	10,966		2		4,859		1		6,107		NM
Income before income taxes	75,105		16		59,222		15		15,883		27
Income tax expense	15,610		3		12,409		3		3,201		26
Net income	$	59,495	13	%	$	46,813	12	%	$	12,682	27	%

(1) Amounts in column may not foot due to rounding
(2) NM = "not meaningful"

•Wallet share increased 16% to approximately $13,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from approximately $11,250 for the same period in 2023. This was primarily attributable to increased usage of our products by our recurring revenue customers.

Recurring revenues increased 20% to $438.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Recurring revenues accounted for 94% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to 93% for the same period in 2023. We anticipate that the number of recurring revenue customers and wallet share will continue to increase as we execute our growth strategy focused on further penetration of our market.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			23			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Cost of Revenues - The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $14.1 million in personnel-related costs. Additionally, there was an increase in our software subscriptions of $3.1 million due primarily to the general growth of our business.

Sales and Marketing Expenses - The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $13.2 million in personnel-related costs, and an increase of $2.4 million in stock-based compensation. Additionally, there was an increase of $2.2 million in product management costs.

Research and Development Expenses - The increase in research and development expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $5.4 million in personnel-related costs.

General and Administrative Expenses - The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily due to increased headcount, which resulted in an increase of $5.2 million in personnel-related costs. Additionally, there was an expense increase of $2.2 million associated with current and projected future credit losses and overall business growth.

Amortization of Intangible Assets - The increase in amortization of intangible assets was driven by acquired intangible assets related to recent business combinations.

Other Income, Net - The increase in other income, net was primarily due to increased investment income from favorable investment allocations and realized gains due to favorable foreign currency exchange rates.

Income Tax Expense - The increase in income tax expense was primarily driven by an increase in pre-tax income, as well as decreases in the excess tax benefits from current period equity award settlements, as partially offset by a decrease in nondeductible compensation. Excess tax benefits generated upon the settlement or exercise of stock awards are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense and, as a result, we expect that our annual effective income tax rate will fluctuate.

Adjusted EBITDA - Adjusted EBITDA consists of net income adjusted for income tax expense, depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, realized gain or loss from foreign currency on cash and investments held, investment income, and other adjustments as necessary for a fair presentation. Other adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included the expense impacts from disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software and one-time acquisition-related insurance costs. Other adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included the expense impacts from acquisition-related employee severance costs and disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software. Net income is the comparable GAAP measure of financial performance.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	59,495	$	46,813
Income tax expense	15,610		12,409
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,010		13,964
Amortization of intangible assets	15,648		11,118
Stock-based compensation expense	42,264		36,097
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	(2,636)		(525)
Investment income	(8,377)		(5,372)
Other	978		1,170
Adjusted EBITDA	$	136,992	$	115,674


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			24			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

The following table provides a comparison of Margin to Adjusted EBITDA Margin:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except Margin and Adjusted EBITDA Margin)	2024			2023
Revenue	$	466,858		$	391,945

Net income	59,495			46,813
Margin	13		%	12		%

Adjusted EBITDA	136,992			115,674
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	29		%	30		%

Non-GAAP Income per Share - Non-GAAP income per share consists of net income adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, amortization expense related to intangible assets, realized gain or loss from foreign currency on cash and investments held, other adjustments as necessary for a fair presentation, including for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 the expense impacts from disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software and one-time acquisition-related insurance costs and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the expense impacts from acquisition-related employee severance costs and disposals of certain capitalized internally developed software, and the corresponding tax impacts of the adjustments to net income, divided by the weighted average number of shares of common and diluted stock outstanding during each period. Net income per share, the comparable GAAP measure of financial performance, consists of net income divided by the weighted average number of shares of common and diluted stock outstanding during each period. To quantify the tax effects, we recalculated income tax expense excluding the direct book and tax effects of the specific items constituting the non-GAAP adjustments. The difference between this recalculated income tax expense and GAAP income tax expense is presented as the income tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income per share to non-GAAP income per share:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Net income	$	59,495	$	46,813
Stock-based compensation expense	42,264		36,097
Amortization of intangible assets	15,648		11,118
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	(2,636)		(525)
Other	978		1,170
Income tax effects of adjustments	(18,134)		(16,089)
Non-GAAP income	$	97,615	$	78,584

Shares used to compute net income and non-GAAP income per share
Basic	37,192		36,584
Diluted	37,785		37,417

Net income per share, basic	$	1.60	$	1.28
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share, basic	1.02		0.87
Non-GAAP income per share, basic	$	2.62	$	2.15

Net income per share, diluted	$	1.57	$	1.25
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share, diluted	1.01		0.85
Non-GAAP income per share, diluted	$	2.58	$	2.10


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			25			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with GAAP and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, judgments, and assumptions. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

A critical accounting policy or estimate is one that is both material to the presentation of our financial statements and requires us to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments relating to uncertain matters that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, we believe that our policies for revenue recognition, internally developed software, and business combinations are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no changes in our critical accounting policies or estimates. For additional information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, see the discussion under "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of September 30, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $205.8 million and net accounts receivable of $55.6 million. Our investments are selected in accordance with our investment policy, with a goal to preserve principal, provide liquidity, and maximize income consistent with minimizing risk of material loss. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are generally held in highly liquid money market funds, certificates of deposit, and commercial paper.

Statements of Cash Flows Summary

The summary of activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	116,836	$	99,512
Net cash used in investing activities	(110,227)		(93,448)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(27,697)		10,005

Operating Activities

The increase in cash provided by operating activities from the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in net income as adjusted for non-cash expenses, of $25.0 million, driven by continued growth in revenue, as partially offset by cash paid for expenses to operate the growing business. Additionally, fluctuations in operating assets and liabilities resulted in a decrease of $7.7 million, driven by changes in the amount and timing of settlements and general growth of the business.

Investing Activities

The increase in cash used in investing activities from the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in cash used to acquire businesses of $77.2 million year-over-year to further grow our business, partially offset by an increase in cash provided by net maturities of investments of $58.8 million year-over-year.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			26			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Financing Activities

The increase in cash used in financing activities from the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to an increase in cash used for share repurchases of $37.6 million year-over-year to continue to deliver shareholder value.

Contractual and Commercial Commitment Summary

Our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of September 30, 2024 are summarized below:


	Payments Due by Period
(in thousands)	Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years		Total
Operating lease obligations, including imputed interest	$	5,474	$	8,125	$	284	$	57	$	13,940
Purchase commitments	13,799		7,970		—		—		21,769
Total	$	19,273	$	16,095	$	284	$	57	$	35,709

Future Capital Requirements

Our future capital requirements may vary significantly from those now planned and will depend on many factors, including:

•costs to develop and implement new products and applications, if any;

•sales and marketing resources needed to further penetrate our market and gain acceptance of new products and applications that we may develop;

•expansion of our operations in the U.S. and internationally;

•response of competitors to our products and applications; and

•use of capital for acquisitions.

Historically, we have experienced increases in our expenditures consistent with the growth in our operations and personnel, and we anticipate that our expenditures will continue to increase as we expand our business.

We believe our cash, cash equivalents, investments, and cash flows from our operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt. Additionally, we are not a party to any derivative contracts or synthetic leases.

Foreign Currency Exchange and Inflation Rate Changes

For information regarding the effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes, refer to the section entitled “Foreign Currency Exchange Risk,” included in Part I, Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Inflation and changing prices did not have a material effect on our business during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business in the foreseeable future.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			27			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity Risk

The principal objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal, provide liquidity, and maximize income consistent with minimizing risk of material loss. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. However, based on the nature and current level of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments, we believe there is no material risk exposure. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.

We did not have any variable interest rate outstanding debt as of September 30, 2024. Therefore, we do not have any material risk to interest rate fluctuations.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Due to international operations, we have revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and Euro. Our consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our predominate exposure to foreign currency exchange rates are due to non-monetary assets held in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and thus fluctuations in currencies primarily result in comprehensive income (loss), not net income (loss).

Our sales are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the local currencies in which our operations are located. As of September 30, 2024, we maintained 15% of our total cash and cash equivalents and investments in foreign currencies.

We believe that a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates or an inability to access foreign funds would not materially affect our ability to meet our operational needs or result in a material foreign currency impact classified within net income (loss).

We have not used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk, although we may do so in the future.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In May 2024 we acquired the Traverse Systems business and in July 2024 we acquired the SupplyPike business. Pursuant to the SEC’s general guidance that the assessment of a recently acquired business' internal control over financial reporting may be omitted in the year of acquisition, we anticipate the scope of our assessment as of December 31, 2024 will exclude the operations for Traverse Systems and SupplyPike. We are currently in the process of incorporating internal controls specific to Traverse Systems and SupplyPike that we believe are appropriate and necessary to consolidate and report upon our financial results. Excluding net intangible assets and goodwill, Traverse Systems and SupplyPike combined represented less than 5% of our consolidated assets as of September 30, 2024 and less than 5% of our consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			28			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to, or aware of, any claims or actions that would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. From time to time, we may be named as a defendant in legal actions or otherwise be subject to claims arising from our normal business activities. We believe that we have obtained adequate insurance coverage and/or rights to indemnification in connection with potential legal proceedings that may arise.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On July 31, 2024, we issued 404,587 shares of our common stock to the sellers of SupplyPike as partial consideration for the acquisition. The issuance of these shares of common stock was exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act") pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as a transaction by an issuer not involving a public offering.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program(1)(2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (1)(2)
July 1 - 31, 2024	456	$	184.21	456	$	9,445,000
August 1 - 31, 2024	—	—		—	100,000,000
September 1 - 30, 2024	—	—		—	100,000,000
Total	456	$	184.21	456	$	100,000,000

For more information regarding our share repurchase programs, refer to Note J to our condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(1) On July 26, 2022 (announced July 27, 2022), our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock, excluding costs to obtain. Under the program, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated purchases, or both. At the program's expiration, July 26, 2024, $9.4 million of unused share repurchase value expired from the program.

(2) On July 23, 2024 (announced July 25, 2024), our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $100.0 million of our common stock, excluding costs to obtain. Under the program, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated purchases, or both. The share repurchase program became effective August 23, 2024 and expires on July 24, 2026.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			29			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the following directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted written plans for the sale of our securities that are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act:

Name

Title

Adoption Date

Earliest Sale Date

Expiration or Termination Date

Aggregate Number of Shares of the Company's Common Stock to be Sold(1)

Marty Reaume

Director

August 22, 2024

January 2, 2025

May 14, 2025

7,558

Jamie Thingelstad

Chief Technology Officer

September 5, 2024

December 31, 2024

May 23, 2025

18,537

(1) The number of shares is the maximum number of shares to be sold but the actual activity may be lower. Transaction(s) may be contingent upon future events such as performance factors, tax withholding obligations, and/or future market price(s).

There were no other Rule 10b5-1(c) trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1(c) trading arrangements adopted, modified or terminated by the Company's officers and directors during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits


Number						Description
3.1						Tenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2024).

3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2023).

10.1						R egistration Rights and L ock-Up Agreement , dated July 31, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 1, 2024).

31.1						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (filed herewith).

31.2						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (filed herewith).

32.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

101						Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (filed herewith). The XBRL instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

104						The cover page from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL.


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			30			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: October 24, 2024			SPS COMMERCE, INC.

			/s/ KIMBERLY NELSON
			Kimberly Nelson
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(principal financial and accounting officer)


SPS COMMERCE, INC.			31			Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2024

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Chadwick Collins, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SPS Commerce, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


/s/ CHADWICK COLLINS
Chadwick Collins
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) October 24, 2024

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT

I, Kimberly Nelson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SPS Commerce, Inc.;

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


/s/ KIMBERLY NELSON
Kimberly Nelson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) October 24, 2024

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SPS Commerce, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to and for purposes of 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ CHADWICK COLLINS
Chadwick Collins
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)


/s/ KIMBERLY NELSON
Kimberly Nelson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)

October 24, 2024

COVER - shares	9 Months Ended
COVER - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 17, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34702
Entity Registrant Name	SPS COMMERCE, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	41-2015127
Entity Address, Address Line One	333 South Seventh Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1000
Entity Address, City or Town	Minneapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	55402
City Area Code	612
Local Phone Number	435-9400
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	SPSC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		37,568,061
Entity Central Index Key	0001092699
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 198,842	$ 219,081
Short-term investments	6,931	56,359
Accounts receivable	60,044	50,160
Allowance for credit losses	(4,474)	(3,320)
Accounts receivable, net	55,570	46,840
Deferred costs	64,665	62,403
Other assets	18,639	16,758
Total current assets	344,647	401,441
Property and equipment, net	36,148	36,043
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,412	7,862
Goodwill	423,508	249,176
Intangible assets, net	168,131	107,344
Other assets
Deferred costs, non-current	20,802	20,347
Deferred income tax assets	412	505
Other assets, non-current	1,240	1,126
Total assets	1,003,300	823,844
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	8,107	7,420
Accrued compensation	46,010	41,588
Accrued expenses	8,968	8,014
Deferred revenue	78,883	69,187
Operating lease liabilities	4,363	4,460
Total current liabilities	146,331	130,669
Other liabilities
Deferred revenue, non-current	6,550	6,930
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	8,807	9,569
Deferred income tax liabilities	11,607	8,972
Other liabilities, non-current	640	229
Total liabilities	173,935	156,369
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 110,000,000 shares authorized; 39,495,411 and 38,971,146 shares issued; and 37,566,443 and 36,820,048 shares outstanding, respectively	39	39
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,928,968 and 2,151,098 shares, respectively	(99,748)	(128,892)
Additional paid-in capital	611,719	537,061
Retained earnings	318,540	259,045
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)	(1,185)	222
Total stockholders’ equity	829,365	667,475
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,003,300	$ 823,844

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	110,000,000	110,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	39,495,411	38,971,146
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,566,443	36,820,048
Treasury stock, at cost (in shares)	1,928,968	2,151,098

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 163,686	$ 135,661	$ 466,858	$ 391,945
Cost of revenues	51,624	45,521	155,129	133,029
Gross profit	112,062	90,140	311,729	258,916
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	37,577	30,289	109,700	89,722
Research and development	15,292	13,558	45,667	39,438
General and administrative	27,152	21,906	76,575	64,275
Amortization of intangible assets	6,470	3,788	15,648	11,118
Total operating expenses	86,491	69,541	247,590	204,553
Income from operations	25,571	20,599	64,139	54,363
Other income, net	3,778	1,702	10,966	4,859
Income before income taxes	29,349	22,301	75,105	59,222
Income tax expense	5,889	5,459	15,610	12,409
Net income	23,460	16,842	59,495	46,813
Other comprehensive income (expense)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	3,332	(2,966)	(886)	(1,446)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $28, $190, $363 and $459, respectively	84	570	1,089	1,376
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax of $(83), $(137), $(537) and $(390), respectively	(248)	(412)	(1,610)	(1,169)
Total other comprehensive income (expense)	3,168	(2,808)	(1,407)	(1,239)
Comprehensive income	$ 26,628	$ 14,034	$ 58,088	$ 45,574
Net income per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.46	$ 1.60	$ 1.28
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.62	$ 0.45	$ 1.57	$ 1.25
Weighted average common shares used to compute net income per share
Basic (in shares)	37,447	36,728	37,192	36,584
Diluted (in shares)	37,996	37,584	37,785	37,417

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Unrealized gain on investments, tax	$ 28	$ 190	$ 363	$ 459
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, tax	$ (83)	$ (137)	$ (537)	$ (390)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain (Loss)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		36,158,046
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 537,073	$ 38	$ (128,892)	$ 476,117	$ 193,221	$ (3,411)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			2,151,098
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	34,192			34,192
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards (in shares)		496,500
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	5,524	$ 1		5,523
Employee stock purchase plan activity (in shares)		41,384
Employee stock purchase plan activity	$ 4,481			4,481
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs (in shares)	0
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	$ 0
Net income	46,813				46,813
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,446)					(1,446)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	1,376					1,376
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	(1,169)					(1,169)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		36,695,930
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	626,844	$ 39	$ (128,892)	520,313	240,034	(4,650)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			2,151,098
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		36,646,819
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	600,981	$ 39	$ (128,892)	508,484	223,192	(1,842)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			2,151,098
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	10,780			10,780
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards (in shares)		45,952
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	705			705
Employee stock purchase plan activity (in shares)		3,159
Employee stock purchase plan activity	$ 344			344
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs (in shares)	0
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	$ 0
Net income	16,842				16,842
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,966)					(2,966)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	570					570
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	(412)					(412)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		36,695,930
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 626,844	$ 39	$ (128,892)	520,313	240,034	(4,650)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			2,151,098
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	36,820,048	36,820,048
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 667,475	$ 39	$ (128,892)	537,061	259,045	222
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	2,151,098		2,151,098
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	$ 40,075			40,075
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards (in shares)		488,849
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	4,198			4,198
Employee stock purchase plan activity (in shares)		35,416
Employee stock purchase plan activity	$ 5,672			5,672
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs (in shares)	205,331	(205,331)	205,331
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	$ (37,567)		$ (37,567)
Reissuances of treasury stock (in shares)		427,461	(427,461)
Reissuances of treasury stock	91,424		$ 66,711	24,713
Net income	59,495				59,495
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(886)					(886)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	1,089					1,089
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	$ (1,610)					(1,610)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	37,566,443	37,566,443
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 829,365	$ 39	$ (99,748)	611,719	318,540	(1,185)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	1,928,968		1,928,968
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		37,086,627
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 703,421	$ 39	$ (162,187)	574,842	295,080	(4,353)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024			2,333,099
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	9,996			9,996
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards (in shares)		72,852
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards	1,884			1,884
Employee stock purchase plan activity (in shares)		2,833
Employee stock purchase plan activity	$ 453			453
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs (in shares)	456	(456)	456
Repurchases of common stock, net of costs	$ (84)		$ (84)
Reissuances of treasury stock (in shares)		404,587	(404,587)
Reissuances of treasury stock	87,067		$ 62,523	24,544
Net income	23,460				23,460
Foreign currency translation adjustments	3,332					3,332
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax	84					84
Reclassification of gain on investments into earnings, net of tax	$ (248)					(248)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	37,566,443	37,566,443
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 829,365	$ 39	$ (99,748)	$ 611,719	$ 318,540	$ (1,185)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	1,928,968		1,928,968

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 59,495	$ 46,813
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Deferred income taxes	(9,918)	(11,906)
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	14,010	13,964
Amortization of intangible assets	15,648	11,118
Provision for credit losses	6,239	4,004
Stock-based compensation	42,264	36,097
Other, net	(925)	1,711
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions
Accounts receivable	(11,456)	(8,800)
Deferred costs	(2,240)	(7,543)
Other assets and liabilities	(2,258)	2,814
Accounts payable	665	(5,289)
Accrued compensation	458	8,073
Accrued expenses	842	(169)
Deferred revenue	5,424	10,042
Operating leases	(1,412)	(1,417)
Net cash provided by operating activities	116,836	99,512
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(13,832)	(15,467)
Purchases of investments	(85,759)	(102,763)
Maturities of investments	136,765	95,000
Acquisition of businesses, net	(147,401)	(70,218)
Net cash used in investing activities	(110,227)	(93,448)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of common stock	(37,567)	0
Net proceeds from exercise of options to purchase common stock	4,198	5,524
Net proceeds from employee stock purchase plan activity	5,672	4,481
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(27,697)	10,005
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes	849	(260)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(20,239)	15,809
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	219,081	162,893
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 198,842	$ 178,702

General

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

General

Business Description

Basis of Presentation

Use of Estimates

Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued and Adopted

Standard

Date of Issuance

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on the Financial Statements

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

November 2023

This amendment requires that an entity disclose significant segment expenses impacting profit and loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker.

2024

The adoption will result in additional disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

December 2023

2025

We are currently evaluating the adoption on our financial statements and anticipate the impact will result in additional disclosure.

Business Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Business Acquisitions

SupplyPike, Inc.

Purchase Price Allocation


(in thousands)
Cash paid	$	124,769
Equity consideration	87,156
Total consideration	$	211,925

Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Cash	$	6,118
Other assets	3,659
Intangible assets
Subscriber relationships	16,500
Developed technology	49,500
Deferred revenue	(2,297)
Other liabilities	(2,643)
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	(11,580)
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired	$	59,257

Goodwill	$	152,668

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated useful lives for each acquired intangible asset:


			Useful Life
Subscriber relationships			7.0 years
Developed technology			8.0 years

Traverse Systems

Other Acquisition Activity

Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

We derive our revenues from the following revenue streams:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Recurring revenues:
Fulfillment	$	135,290	$	110,900	$	382,654	$	318,069
Analytics	13,838		13,098		41,361		38,177
Other	5,328		3,373		14,107		9,949
Recurring revenues	154,456		127,371		438,122		366,195
One-time revenues	9,230		8,290		28,736		25,750
Total revenue	$	163,686	$	135,661	$	466,858	$	391,945

Revenues are the amount that reflects the consideration we are contractually and legally entitled to, as well as the amount we expect to collect, in exchange for those services.

Revenue by Geographic Area

Domestic revenue, which we define as revenue that was attributable to customers based within the United States ("U.S."), was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic revenue	83	%	84	%	83	%	84	%

No single jurisdiction outside of the U.S. had revenues in excess of 10%.

Recurring Revenues

One-time Revenues

One-time revenues consist of set-up fees and miscellaneous fees from customers.

Set-up revenues


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	18,360	$	16,978	$	17,603	$	14,999
Invoiced set-up fees	3,866		4,496		13,387		14,493
Recognized set-up fees	(4,519)		(4,225)		(13,283)		(12,243)
Balance, end of period	$	17,707	$	17,249	$	17,707	$	17,249

Miscellaneous one-time revenues

Miscellaneous one-time fees consist of professional services and testing and certification.

Deferred Revenue

We recognized revenue of $61.8 million and $52.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

Deferred Costs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs [Abstract]

Deferred Costs

The deferred costs activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	84,928	$	75,255	$	82,750	$	70,179
Incurred deferred costs	22,532		20,094		67,483		57,632
Amortized deferred costs	(21,993)		(16,303)		(64,766)		(48,765)
Balance, end of period	$	85,467	$	79,046	$	85,467	$	79,046

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Cash equivalents and investments, as measured at fair value on a recurring basis, consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024							December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value		Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	135,700	$	—	$	135,700	Level 1	$	161,233	$	—	$	161,233
Investments:
Certificates of deposit	Level 2	6,931		—		6,931		Level 1	6,805		—		6,805
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2	—		—		—		Level 2	48,860		694		49,554

		$	142,631	$	—	$	142,631		$	216,898	$	694	$	217,592

Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses activity, included in accounts receivable, net, was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,320	$	3,066
Provision for credit losses	6,239		4,004
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(5,085)		(3,993)
Balance, end of period	$	4,474	$	3,077

Property and Equipment, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Internally developed software	$	69,727	$	60,396
Computer equipment	35,904		34,402
Leasehold improvements	15,381		15,387
Office equipment and furniture	10,980		10,966
Property and equipment, cost	131,992		121,151
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(95,844)		(85,108)
Total property and equipment, net	$	36,148	$	36,043

Property and equipment, net located at subsidiary and office locations outside of the U.S. was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
International property and equipment	18	%	15	%

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill

The activity in goodwill was as follows:


(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	249,176
Addition from business acquisitions	173,164
Foreign currency translation	(649)
Remeasurement from provisional purchase accounting amount	1,817
Balance, end of period	$	423,508

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	126,423	$	(41,513)	$	(138)	$	84,772	6.2 years
Developed technology	105,518		(22,151)		(8)		83,359		6.6 years
	$	231,941	$	(63,664)	$	(146)	$	168,131	6.4 years


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	105,228	$	(32,097)	$	724	$	73,855	6.6 years
Developed technology	48,843		(15,669)		315		33,489		5.0 years
	$	154,071	$	(47,766)	$	1,039	$	107,344	6.1 years

The estimated future annual amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	7,231
2025	28,792
2026	27,788
2027	27,314
2028	25,974
Thereafter	51,032
Total future amortization	$	168,131

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	884	$	729	$	2,496	$	2,306
Variable lease cost	824		909		2,743		2,787
	$	1,708	$	1,638	$	5,239	$	5,093

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	3,801	$	3,835
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	2,554		1,072

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2.6 years		3.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate	4.2	%	4.0	%

At September 30, 2024, our future minimum payments under operating leases were as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	1,716
2025	5,460
2026	4,784
2027	1,740


Thereafter	240
Total future gross payments	$	13,940
Less: imputed interest	(770)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,170

Purchase Commitments


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	2,890
2025	14,187
2026	4,692



Total estimated future purchases	$	21,769

Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Programs

Our board of directors has authorized multiple non-concurrent programs to repurchase our common stock. Details of the programs and activity thereunder through September 30, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Share Value Authorized for Repurchase		Share Value Repurchased		Unused & Expired Share Repurchase Value		Share Value Available for Future Repurchase
2022 Program	August 2022	July 2024	$	50,000	$	40,556	$	9,444	N/A
2024 Program	August 2024	July 2026	100,000		—		N/A		$	100,000


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Number of shares repurchased	456		—		205,331		—
Total share repurchased cost	$	84	$	—	$	37,567	$	—
Average total cost per repurchased share	$	184.21	$	—	$	182.96	$	—

Treasury Stock Reissuance

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense was allocated in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	1,412	$	2,506	$	8,224	$	7,595
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	2,820		2,428		9,776		7,379
Research and development	1,939		1,798		7,001		5,387
General and administrative	4,581		4,704		17,263		15,736
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

Stock-based compensation expense by grant type or plan was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	514	$	487	$	1,517	$	1,472
PSUs	2,260		2,812		7,149		10,236
RSUs & DSUs	6,309		6,722		28,751		20,165
RSAs	112		122		329		345
ESPP	800		637		2,323		1,974
401(k) stock match	757		656		2,195		1,905
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

Stock Options

Our stock option activity was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Options (#)	Weighted Average Exercise Price ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	346,822	$	80.02
Granted	36,993	197.42
Exercised	(85,364)	49.18
Forfeited	(2,094)	158.63
Outstanding, end of period	296,357	$	103.01


Life (in years)	4.1
Volatility	36.7	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	4.3	%

Performance Share Units, Restricted Stock Units and Awards, and Deferred Stock Units

Activity for our PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs in aggregate was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	#	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	773,414	$	147.50
Granted	409,843	185.73
Vested and common stock issued	(403,291)	124.30
Forfeited	(33,725)	180.49
Outstanding, end of period	746,241	$	179.54

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Our ESPP activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amounts for shares purchased	$	453	$	344	$	5,672	$	4,481
Shares purchased	2,833		3,159		35,416		41,384

A total of 1.6 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan at September 30, 2024.

The fair value was estimated based on the market price of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period using the following assumptions:


Life (in years)	0.5
Volatility	30.9	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	5.3	%

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We record our interim provision for income taxes by applying our estimated annual effective tax rate to our year-to-date pre-tax income and adjust the provision for discrete tax items recorded in the period. Our provisions for income taxes includes current federal, state, and foreign income tax expense, as well as deferred tax expense. Differences between our effective tax rate and statutory tax rates are primarily due to the impact of permanently non-deductible expenses partially offset by the federal research and development credits and tax benefits associated with foreign-derived intangible income. Additionally, excess tax benefits generated upon settlement or exercise of stock awards are recognized as a reduction to income tax expense as a discrete tax item in the quarter that the event occurs, creating potentially significant fluctuation in tax expense by quarter and by year.

Other Income and Expense

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other Income and Expense

Other income, net included the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Investment income	$	2,704	$	2,635	$	8,377	$	5,372
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	1,077		98		2,636		525
Other expense, net	(3)		(1,031)		(47)		(1,038)
Total other income, net	$	3,778	$	1,702	$	10,966	$	4,859

Net Income Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

The components and computation of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842	$	59,495	$	46,813
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	37,447		36,728		37,192		36,584
Options to purchase common stock and ESPP	145		256		159		279
PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs	404		600		434		554
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	37,996		37,584		37,785		37,417
Net income per share
Basic	$	0.63	$	0.46	$	1.60	$	1.28
Diluted	$	0.62	$	0.45	$	1.57	$	1.25

The number of outstanding potential common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as they were anti-dilutive was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024	2023	2024	2023
Anti-dilutive shares	130	40	118	43

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 23,460	$ 16,842	$ 59,495	$ 46,813

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

Name

Title

Adoption Date

Earliest Sale Date

Expiration or Termination Date

Aggregate Number of Shares of the Company's Common Stock to be Sold(1)

Marty Reaume

Director

August 22, 2024

January 2, 2025

May 14, 2025

7,558

Jamie Thingelstad

Chief Technology Officer

September 5, 2024

December 31, 2024

May 23, 2025

18,537

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Marty Reaume [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Marty Reaume

Title

Director

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

August 22, 2024

May 14, 2025

265 days

7,558

Jamie Thingelstad [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Jamie Thingelstad

Title

Chief Technology Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

September 5, 2024

May 23, 2025

260 days

18,537

General (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Description

Basis of Presentation

Use of Estimates

Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued and Adopted

Standard

Date of Issuance

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on the Financial Statements

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

November 2023

This amendment requires that an entity disclose significant segment expenses impacting profit and loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker.

2024

The adoption will result in additional disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

December 2023

2025

We are currently evaluating the adoption on our financial statements and anticipate the impact will result in additional disclosure.

General (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued and Adopted

Standard

Date of Issuance

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on the Financial Statements

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

November 2023

This amendment requires that an entity disclose significant segment expenses impacting profit and loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker.

2024

The adoption will result in additional disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

December 2023

2025

We are currently evaluating the adoption on our financial statements and anticipate the impact will result in additional disclosure.

Business Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Acquisition Date


(in thousands)
Cash paid	$	124,769
Equity consideration	87,156
Total consideration	$	211,925

Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Cash	$	6,118
Other assets	3,659
Intangible assets
Subscriber relationships	16,500
Developed technology	49,500
Deferred revenue	(2,297)
Other liabilities	(2,643)
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	(11,580)
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired	$	59,257

Goodwill	$	152,668

Summary of Estimated Useful Lives for each acquired Intangible Asset

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated useful lives for each acquired intangible asset:


			Useful Life
Subscriber relationships			7.0 years
Developed technology			8.0 years

Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenues by Revenue Stream

We derive our revenues from the following revenue streams:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Recurring revenues:
Fulfillment	$	135,290	$	110,900	$	382,654	$	318,069
Analytics	13,838		13,098		41,361		38,177
Other	5,328		3,373		14,107		9,949
Recurring revenues	154,456		127,371		438,122		366,195
One-time revenues	9,230		8,290		28,736		25,750
Total revenue	$	163,686	$	135,661	$	466,858	$	391,945

Summary of Percentage of Domestic Revenue

Domestic revenue, which we define as revenue that was attributable to customers based within the United States ("U.S."), was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Domestic revenue	83	%	84	%	83	%	84	%

Summary of Deferred Revenue Liability Relating to Set-Up Fees


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	18,360	$	16,978	$	17,603	$	14,999
Invoiced set-up fees	3,866		4,496		13,387		14,493
Recognized set-up fees	(4,519)		(4,225)		(13,283)		(12,243)
Balance, end of period	$	17,707	$	17,249	$	17,707	$	17,249

Deferred Costs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deferred Costs [Abstract]

Summary of Deferred Costs Activity

The deferred costs activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	84,928	$	75,255	$	82,750	$	70,179
Incurred deferred costs	22,532		20,094		67,483		57,632
Amortized deferred costs	(21,993)		(16,303)		(64,766)		(48,765)
Balance, end of period	$	85,467	$	79,046	$	85,467	$	79,046

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Cash Equivalents and Investments

Cash equivalents and investments, as measured at fair value on a recurring basis, consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024							December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value		Fair Value Level	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains (Losses), net		Fair Value
(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	135,700	$	—	$	135,700	Level 1	$	161,233	$	—	$	161,233
Investments:
Certificates of deposit	Level 2	6,931		—		6,931		Level 1	6,805		—		6,805
Marketable securities:
Commercial paper	Level 2	—		—		—		Level 2	48,860		694		49,554

		$	142,631	$	—	$	142,631		$	216,898	$	694	$	217,592

Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]

Summary of Allowance for Credit Losses Activity Included in Accounts Receivable Net

The allowance for credit losses activity, included in accounts receivable, net, was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	3,320	$	3,066
Provision for credit losses	6,239		4,004
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(5,085)		(3,993)
Balance, end of period	$	4,474	$	3,077

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Internally developed software	$	69,727	$	60,396
Computer equipment	35,904		34,402
Leasehold improvements	15,381		15,387
Office equipment and furniture	10,980		10,966
Property and equipment, cost	131,992		121,151
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(95,844)		(85,108)
Total property and equipment, net	$	36,148	$	36,043

Summary of Percentage of Property and Equipment Net Located at Subsidiary and Office Locations Outside of United States

Property and equipment, net located at subsidiary and office locations outside of the U.S. was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
International property and equipment	18	%	15	%

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Activity in Goodwill

The activity in goodwill was as follows:


(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	249,176
Addition from business acquisitions	173,164
Foreign currency translation	(649)
Remeasurement from provisional purchase accounting amount	1,817
Balance, end of period	$	423,508

Summary of Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	126,423	$	(41,513)	$	(138)	$	84,772	6.2 years
Developed technology	105,518		(22,151)		(8)		83,359		6.6 years
	$	231,941	$	(63,664)	$	(146)	$	168,131	6.4 years


	December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Foreign Currency Translation		Net		Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Subscriber relationships	$	105,228	$	(32,097)	$	724	$	73,855	6.6 years
Developed technology	48,843		(15,669)		315		33,489		5.0 years
	$	154,071	$	(47,766)	$	1,039	$	107,344	6.1 years

Summary of Estimated Annual Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets

The estimated future annual amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	7,231
2025	28,792
2026	27,788
2027	27,314
2028	25,974
Thereafter	51,032
Total future amortization	$	168,131

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	884	$	729	$	2,496	$	2,306
Variable lease cost	824		909		2,743		2,787
	$	1,708	$	1,638	$	5,239	$	5,093

Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	3,801	$	3,835
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	2,554		1,072

Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2.6 years		3.1 years
Weighted-average discount rate	4.2	%	4.0	%

Summary of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases

At September 30, 2024, our future minimum payments under operating leases were as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	1,716
2025	5,460
2026	4,784
2027	1,740


Thereafter	240
Total future gross payments	$	13,940
Less: imputed interest	(770)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,170

Summary of Remaining Purchase Commitments and Estimated Purchase Timing

At September 30, 2024, our remaining purchase commitments and estimated purchase timing were as follows:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	2,890
2025	14,187
2026	4,692



Total estimated future purchases	$	21,769

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Repurchase Agreements

Details of the programs and activity thereunder through September 30, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Share Value Authorized for Repurchase		Share Value Repurchased		Unused & Expired Share Repurchase Value		Share Value Available for Future Repurchase
2022 Program	August 2022	July 2024	$	50,000	$	40,556	$	9,444	N/A
2024 Program	August 2024	July 2026	100,000		—		N/A		$	100,000

The share repurchase activity by period was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Number of shares repurchased	456		—		205,331		—
Total share repurchased cost	$	84	$	—	$	37,567	$	—
Average total cost per repurchased share	$	184.21	$	—	$	182.96	$	—

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense was allocated in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	1,412	$	2,506	$	8,224	$	7,595
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	2,820		2,428		9,776		7,379
Research and development	1,939		1,798		7,001		5,387
General and administrative	4,581		4,704		17,263		15,736
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

Stock-based compensation expense by grant type or plan was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Stock options	$	514	$	487	$	1,517	$	1,472
PSUs	2,260		2,812		7,149		10,236
RSUs & DSUs	6,309		6,722		28,751		20,165
RSAs	112		122		329		345
ESPP	800		637		2,323		1,974
401(k) stock match	757		656		2,195		1,905
	$	10,752	$	11,436	$	42,264	$	36,097

Summary of Stock Option Activity

Our stock option activity was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Options (#)	Weighted Average Exercise Price ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	346,822	$	80.02
Granted	36,993	197.42
Exercised	(85,364)	49.18
Forfeited	(2,094)	158.63
Outstanding, end of period	296,357	$	103.01

Summary of Weighted Average Fair Value Per Share of Options Granted, Assumptions

This was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:


Life (in years)	4.1
Volatility	36.7	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	4.3	%

Summary of PSU, RSU, RSA, and DSU

Activity for our PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs in aggregate was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	#	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($/share)
Outstanding, beginning of period	773,414	$	147.50
Granted	409,843	185.73
Vested and common stock issued	(403,291)	124.30
Forfeited	(33,725)	180.49
Outstanding, end of period	746,241	$	179.54

Summary of ESPP Activity

Our ESPP activity was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except shares)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amounts for shares purchased	$	453	$	344	$	5,672	$	4,481
Shares purchased	2,833		3,159		35,416		41,384

Summary of Fair Value Estimation of Common Stock, Assumptions

The fair value was estimated based on the market price of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period using the following assumptions:


Life (in years)	0.5
Volatility	30.9	%
Dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	5.3	%

Other Income and Expense (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Summary of Other Income, Net

Other income, net included the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Investment income	$	2,704	$	2,635	$	8,377	$	5,372
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	1,077		98		2,636		525
Other expense, net	(3)		(1,031)		(47)		(1,038)
Total other income, net	$	3,778	$	1,702	$	10,966	$	4,859

Net Income Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Components and Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share

The components and computation of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator
Net income	$	23,460	$	16,842	$	59,495	$	46,813
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	37,447		36,728		37,192		36,584
Options to purchase common stock and ESPP	145		256		159		279
PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs	404		600		434		554
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	37,996		37,584		37,785		37,417
Net income per share
Basic	$	0.63	$	0.46	$	1.60	$	1.28
Diluted	$	0.62	$	0.45	$	1.57	$	1.25

Summary of Anti-dilutive Common Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Income Per Share

The number of outstanding potential common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as they were anti-dilutive was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024	2023	2024	2023
Anti-dilutive shares	130	40	118	43

Business Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands, $ in Millions					9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	May 08, 2024 USD ($) shares	Apr. 10, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 10, 2024 CAD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition of businesses, net					$ 147,401	$ 70,218
Goodwill					$ 423,508		$ 249,176
SupplyPike, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred, net of cash acquired	$ 205,800
Acquisition of businesses, net	$ 118,600
Number of shares reissued (in shares) \| shares	404,587
Value of common stock transferred	$ 87,156
Total consideration	211,925
Cash paid	124,769
Goodwill	152,668
SupplyPike, Inc. \| Subscriber relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	16,500
SupplyPike, Inc. \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 49,500
Traverse Systems
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of shares reissued (in shares) \| shares		22,874
Value of common stock transferred		$ 4,400
Total consideration		29,400
Cash paid		25,000
Goodwill		18,400
Traverse Systems \| Subscriber relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets acquired		7,700
Traverse Systems \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets acquired		$ 3,600
Vision33's SAP Business One SPS Integration Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total consideration			$ 4,300	$ 5.8
Cash paid			3,300	$ 4.5
Goodwill			$ 2,200
Business acquisition, remainder payable term			2 years	2 years
Vision33's SAP Business One SPS Integration Technology \| Subscriber relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets			$ 400
Vision33's SAP Business One SPS Integration Technology \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets			$ 1,700

Business Acquisitions - Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Acquisition Date (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Goodwill		$ 423,508	$ 249,176
SupplyPike, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid	$ 124,769
Equity consideration	87,156
Total consideration	211,925
Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Cash	6,118
Other assets	3,659
Deferred revenue	(2,297)
Other liabilities	(2,643)
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	(11,580)
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquired	59,257
Goodwill	152,668
SupplyPike, Inc. \| Subscriber relationships
Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Intangible assets	16,500
SupplyPike, Inc. \| Developed technology
Estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired:
Intangible assets	$ 49,500

Business Acquisitions - Summary of Estimated Useful Lives for each acquired Intangible Asset (Details) - SupplyPike, Inc.	Jul. 31, 2024
Subscriber relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life	7 years
Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life	8 years

Revenue - Summary of Revenues by Revenue Stream (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 163,686	$ 135,661	$ 466,858	$ 391,945
Recurring revenues
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	154,456	127,371	438,122	366,195
One-time revenues
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	9,230	8,290	28,736	25,750
Fulfillment \| Recurring revenues
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	135,290	110,900	382,654	318,069
Analytics \| Recurring revenues
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	13,838	13,098	41,361	38,177
Other \| Recurring revenues
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 5,328	$ 3,373	$ 14,107	$ 9,949

Revenue - Summary of Percentage of Domestic Revenue (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue Benchmark \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| Domestic revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	83.00%	84.00%	83.00%	84.00%

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Latest timing of billings	30 days
Contract term maximum	1 year
Set up fees recognized period	2 years
Maximum recognition period for miscellaneous one-time fee	1 year
Deferred revenue	$ 61.8	$ 52.4
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue recognition	$ 13.5
Revenue recognition period	12 months
Minimum
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Customer contract cancellation period	30 days
Maximum
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Customer contract cancellation period	90 days

Revenue - Summary of Deferred Revenue Liability Relating to Set-Up Fees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognition	$ 13,500		$ 13,500
Set-Up Fees
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	18,360	$ 16,978	17,603	$ 14,999
Invoiced set-up fees	3,866	4,496	13,387	14,493
Recognized set-up fees	(4,519)	(4,225)	(13,283)	(12,243)
Balance, end of period	$ 17,707	$ 17,249	$ 17,707	$ 17,249

Deferred Costs - Summary of Deferred Costs Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Deferred Costs [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 84,928	$ 75,255	$ 82,750	$ 70,179
Incurred deferred costs	22,532	20,094	67,483	57,632
Amortized deferred costs	(21,993)	(16,303)	(64,766)	(48,765)
Balance, end of period	$ 85,467	$ 79,046	$ 85,467	$ 79,046

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Cash Equivalents and Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 142,631	$ 216,898
Unrealized Gains (Losses), net	0	694
Fair Value	142,631	217,592
Certificates of deposit
Schedule of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	6,931	6,805
Unrealized Gains (Losses), net	0	0
Fair Value	6,931	6,805
Cash equivalents: \| Money market funds
Schedule of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	135,700	161,233
Unrealized Gains (Losses), net	0	0
Fair Value	135,700	161,233
Marketable securities: \| Commercial paper
Schedule of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0	48,860
Unrealized Gains (Losses), net	0	694
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 49,554

Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Allowance for Credit Losses Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 3,320	$ 3,066
Provision for credit losses	6,239	4,004
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(5,085)	(3,993)
Balance, end of period	$ 4,474	$ 3,077

Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, cost	$ 131,992	$ 121,151
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(95,844)	(85,108)
Total property and equipment, net	36,148	36,043
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, cost	69,727	60,396
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, cost	35,904	34,402
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, cost	15,381	15,387
Office equipment and furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, cost	$ 10,980	$ 10,966

Property and Equipment, Net - Summary of Percentage of Property and Equipment Net Located at Subsidiary and Office Locations Outside of United States (Details)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
International property and equipment \| Geographic Concentration Risk \| International property and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	18.00%	15.00%

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net - Summary of Activity in Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 249,176
Addition from business acquisitions	173,164
Foreign currency translation	(649)
Remeasurement from provisional purchase accounting amount	1,817
Balance, end of period	$ 423,508

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net - Summary of Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 231,941	$ 154,071
Accumulated Amortization	(63,664)	(47,766)
Foreign Currency Translation	(146)	1,039
Total future amortization	$ 168,131	$ 107,344
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Subscriber relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 126,423	$ 105,228
Accumulated Amortization	(41,513)	(32,097)
Foreign Currency Translation	(138)	724
Total future amortization	$ 84,772	$ 73,855
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	6 years 2 months 12 days	6 years 7 months 6 days
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 105,518	$ 48,843
Accumulated Amortization	(22,151)	(15,669)
Foreign Currency Translation	(8)	315
Total future amortization	$ 83,359	$ 33,489
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	6 years 7 months 6 days	5 years

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net - Summary of Estimated Future Annual Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 7,231
2025	28,792
2026	27,788
2027	27,314
2028	25,974
Thereafter	51,032
Total future amortization	$ 168,131	$ 107,344

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 884	$ 729	$ 2,496	$ 2,306
Variable lease cost	824	909	2,743	2,787
Total lease expense	$ 1,708	$ 1,638	$ 5,239	$ 5,093

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$ 3,801	$ 3,835
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$ 2,554	$ 1,072

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2 years 7 months 6 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate	4.20%	4.00%

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 1,716
2025	5,460
2026	4,784
2027	1,740
Thereafter	240
Total future gross payments	13,940
Less: imputed interest	(770)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 13,170

Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Remaining Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 2,890
2025	14,187
2026	4,692
Total estimated future purchases	$ 21,769

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Share Repurchase Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Stockholders Equity [Line Items]
Share Value Repurchased	$ 99,748	$ 128,892
Common Stock \| 2022 Program
Schedule of Stockholders Equity [Line Items]
Share Value Authorized for Repurchase	50,000
Share Value Repurchased	40,556
Unused & Expired Share Repurchase Value	9,444
Common Stock \| 2024 Program
Schedule of Stockholders Equity [Line Items]
Share Value Authorized for Repurchase	100,000
Share Value Repurchased	0
Share Value Available for Future Repurchase	$ 100,000

Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Repurchase Activity by Period (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Number of shares repurchased (in shares)	456	0	205,331	0
Total share repurchased cost	$ 84	$ 0	$ 37,567	$ 0
Average total cost per repurchased share (in dollars per share)	$ 184.21	$ 0	$ 182.96	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant (in shares)					12.3
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense					$ 78.9
Unrecognized stock-based compensation, expected to be recognized, weighted average period					2 years 6 months
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for future issuance (in shares)					1.6
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding and exercisable options (in shares)					0.2
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)					$ 83.65
Weighted average remaining contractual life					3 years
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted (in dollars per share)					$ 69.82
PSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	3 years	3 years	3 years	3 years
PSUs \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares)	0.1
PSUs, RSUs, RSAs and DSUs \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vested number of units (less than) (in shares)					0.1

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 10,752	$ 11,436	$ 42,264	$ 36,097
Stock options
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	514	487	1,517	1,472
PSUs
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	2,260	2,812	7,149	10,236
RSUs & DSUs
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	6,309	6,722	28,751	20,165
RSAs
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	112	122	329	345
ESPP
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	800	637	2,323	1,974
401(k) stock match
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	757	656	2,195	1,905
Cost of revenues
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,412	2,506	8,224	7,595
Sales and marketing
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	2,820	2,428	9,776	7,379
Research and development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,939	1,798	7,001	5,387
General and administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,581	$ 4,704	$ 17,263	$ 15,736

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Options (#)
Beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	346,822
Granted (in shares) \| shares	36,993
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(85,364)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(2,094)
Ending balance (in shares) \| shares	296,357
Weighted Average Exercise Price ($/share)
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 80.02
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	197.42
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	49.18
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	158.63
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 103.01

Stock-Based Compensation - Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Options Granted, Assumptions (Details) - Stock options	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Life (in years)	4 years 1 month 6 days
Volatility	36.70%
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	4.30%

Stock-Based Compensation - PSU, RSU, RSA, and DSU (Details) - PSUs, RSUs, RSAs and DSUs	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
#
Beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	773,414
Granted (in shares) \| shares	409,843
Vested and common stock issued (in shares) \| shares	(403,291)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(33,725)
Ending balance (in shares) \| shares	746,241
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($/share)
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 147.50
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	185.73
Vested and common stock issued (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	124.30
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	180.49
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 179.54

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of ESPP Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amounts for shares purchased	$ 453	$ 344	$ 5,672	$ 4,481
Shares purchased (in shares)	2,833	3,159	35,416	41,384

Stock-Based Compensation - Fair Value Estimation of Common Stock, Assumptions (Details) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Life (in years)	6 months
Volatility	30.90%
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	5.30%

Other Income and Expense - Summary of Other Income, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Investment income	$ 2,704	$ 2,635	$ 8,377	$ 5,372
Realized gain from foreign currency on cash and investments held	1,077	98	2,636	525
Other expense, net	(3)	(1,031)	(47)	(1,038)
Total other income, net	$ 3,778	$ 1,702	$ 10,966	$ 4,859

Net Income Per Share - Components and Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Numerator
Net income	$ 23,460	$ 16,842	$ 59,495	$ 46,813
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	37,447	36,728	37,192	36,584
Options to purchase common stock and ESPP (in shares)	145	256	159	279
PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs (in shares)	404	600	434	554
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	37,996	37,584	37,785	37,417
Net income per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.46	$ 1.60	$ 1.28
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.62	$ 0.45	$ 1.57	$ 1.25

Net Income Per Share - Summary of Anti-dilutive Common Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Income Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive shares (in shares)	130	40	118	43

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