MULG Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc (CE)

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc (“Muliang Viagoo”), formerly known as M & A Holding Corporation., Mullan Agritech Inc., and Muliang Agritech Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on November 5, 2014. Muliang Viagoo’s core business activities of developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry are conducted through several indirectly owned subsidiaries in China.

On June 9, 2016, M & A Holding Corporation filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “M & A Holding Corporation,” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.”

On July 11, 2016, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) effected in the marketplace the change of the corporate name from “M & A Holding Corporation” to “Mullan Agritech, Inc.” and effective on such date.

On April 4, 2019, the Company changed its corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Agritech Inc.” The name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG”.

On June 26, 2020, Muliang Agritech, Inc. filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”. The Company will trade under the new name upon approval by FINRA.

History

Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. (referred to herein as “Muliang Industry”) was incorporated in PRC on December 7, 2006 as a limited liability company, owned 95% by Lirong Wang and 5% by Zongfang Wang. Muliang Industry through its own operations and subsidiaries is engaged in developing, manufacturing, and selling organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers for use in the agricultural industry.

On May 27, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into and consummated an equity purchase agreement whereby it acquired 99% of the outstanding equity of Weihai Fukang Bio-Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (“Fukang”), a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. Fukang was incorporated in Weihai City, Shandong Province on January 6, 2009. Fukang is focused on the distribution of organic fertilizers and the development of new bio-organic fertilizers. As a result of the completion of the transaction, Fukang became a 99% owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry, with the remaining 1% equity interest owned by Mr. Hui Song.

On July 11, 2013, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agritech Development Co., Ltd. (“Agritech Development”) in Shanghai, China. On November 6, 2013, Muliang Industry sold 40% of the outstanding equity of Agritech Development to Mr. Jianping Zhang for consideration of approximately $65,000 or RMB 400,000. Agritech Development does not currently conduct any operations.

On July 17, 2013, Muliang Industry entered into an equity purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Zongbao”) with consideration of approximately $3.2 million or RMB 20 million, effectively becoming the wholly-owned subsidiary of Muliang Industry. Shanghai Zongbao was incorporated in Shanghai on January 25, 2008. Shanghai Zongbao processes and distributes organic fertilizers. Shanghai Zongbao wholly owns Shanghai Zongbao Environmental Construction Co., Ltd. Cangzhou Branch (“Zongbao Cangzhou”).

On August 21, 2014, Muliang Agricultural Limited (“Muliang HK”) was incorporated in Hong Kong as an investment holding company.

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

January 27, 2015, Muliang HK incorporated a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, Shanghai Mufeng Investment Consulting Co., Ltd (“Shanghai Mufeng”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).

On July 8, 2015, Muliang Viagoo entered into certain stock purchase agreement with Muliang HK, pursuant to which Muliang Viagoo, for a consideration of $5,000, acquired 100% interest in Muliang HK and its wholly-owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Both Muliang HK and Shanghai Mufeng are controlled by the Company’s sole officer and director, Lirong Wang.

On July 23, 2015, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shanghai Muliang Agricultural Sales Co., Ltd. (“Muliang Sales”) in Shanghai, China.

On September 3, 2015, Muliang Viagoo effected a split of its outstanding common stock resulting in an aggregate of 75,262,500 shares outstanding of which 60,000,000 were owned by Chenxi Shi, the founder of Muliang Viagoo and its sole officer and director. The remaining 15,262,500 were held by a total of 39 investors.

On January 11, 2016, Muliang Viagoo issued 64,737,500 shares of its common stock to Lirong Wang for an aggregate consideration of $64,737.50. On the same date, Chenxi Shi, the sole officer and director of Muliang Viagoo on that date, transferred 60,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company held by him to Lirong Wang for $800 pursuant to a transfer agreement.

On February 10, 2016, Shanghai Mufeng entered into a set of contractual agreements known as Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Agreements, including (1) Exclusive Technical Consulting and Service Agreement, (2) Equity Pledge Agreement, and (3) Call Option Cooperation Agreement, with Muliang Industry, and its Principal Shareholders. As a result of the Stock Purchase Agreement and the set of VIE Agreements, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd., along with its consolidated subsidiaries, became entities controlled by Muliang Viagoo, whereby Muliang Viagoo would derive all substantial economic benefit generated by Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries.

As a result, Muliang Viagoo has a direct wholly-owned subsidiary, Muliang HK and an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Shanghai Mufeng. Through its VIE Agreements, Muliang Viagoo exercises control over Muliang Industry. As a result, Muliang Industry has two wholly-owned subsidiaries (Shanghai Zongbao and Muliang Sales), one 99% owned subsidiary (Fukang), one 60% owned subsidiary (Agritech Development), and one indirectly wholly owned subsidiary Zongbao Cangzhou.

On June 6, 2016, Muliang Industry established a wholly-owned subsidiary, namely, Muliang (Ningling) Bio-chemical Fertilizer Co. Ltd (“Ningling Fertilizer”) in Henan Province. Ningling Fertilizer is setup for a new production line of bio-chemical fertilizer and has not begun any operation yet.

On July 7, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Zhonglian Huinong (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonglian”) in Beijing City, China. Muliang Industry owns 65% shares of Zhonglian, and a third-party company, Zhongrui Huilian (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd owns the other 35% shares. Zhonglian is to develop and operate an online agricultural products trading platform.

On October 27, 2016, Muliang Industry established a subsidiary, namely, Yunnan Muliang Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd (“Yunnan Muliang”) in Yunnan Province, China. Muliang Industry owns 55% shares of Yunnan Muliang, and a third-party company, Shuangbai County Development Investment Co., Ltd. owns the other 45% shares. Yunnan Muliang was setup for the sales development of West China.

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

On October 12, 2017, the Company canceled the registration of Ningling with the administration authorities for Industry and Commerce. Ningling has historically been reported as a component of our operations and incurred $33,323 to loss before income taxes provisions for the year ended December 31, 2017. The termination does not constitute a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations or financial results and as such, the termination is not classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements.

On February 22, 2016 and June 8, 2017, Muliang Industry established a 65% owned subsidiary of Maguan Jiamu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd (Maguan), and a 100% owned subsidiary of Anhui Muliang Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Anhui Muliang) respectively. Since its establishment, both of the Companies have no operation.

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, the change of corporate name from “Mullan Agritech Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Inc.”, and the creation of fifty million (50,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

On April 5, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Name Change and to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consists of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 50,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

On April 16, 2019, we filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the reverse stock split. Any fractional shares are to be rounded up to whole shares. The reverse stock split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company.

The reverse stock split and the name change took effect on May 7, 2019. In connection with the name change, our stock symbol changed to “MULG.”

On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo. Pursuant to the SEA, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 505,500 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $5.60 per share.

On June 26, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada, changing its name from “Muliang Agritech, Inc.” to “Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.”.

On December 16, 2022, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Viagoo Inc. (the “Buyer”), pursuant to which the Buyer purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd., a Singapore private limited liability company and a 100% parent company of NexG Pte. Ltd., and TPS Solutions Hong Kong Limited, from the Company in exchange for a consideration of US$ 5,254,001.20 to be paid to the Company.

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NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Muliang Agritech, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Yunnan Muliang, Zhonglian, Anhui Muliang, and Maguan are referred to as subsidiaries. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.

The consolidated financial statements were prepared assuming that the Company has controlled Muliang HK and its intermediary holding companies, operating subsidiaries, and variable interest entities: Shanghai Mufeng, Muliang Industry, Shanghai Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Heilongjiang, Anhui Muliang , Maguan, and Agritech Development, from the first period presented. The transactions detailed above have been accounted for as reverse takeover transaction and a recapitalization of the Company; accordingly, the Company (the legal acquirer) is considered the accounting acquiree and Muliang HK (the legal acquiree) is considered the accounting acquirer. No goodwill has been recorded for these transactions. As a result of this transaction, the Company is deemed to be a continuation of the business of Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, and Muliang Industry. 

Liquidity and Going Concern

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had net accumulated deficit of $3,569,113 and $3,965,137 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Our cash balances as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $8,010 and $73,313, respectively. We had current liability of $8,933,175 at March 31, 2023 which would be due within the next 12 months. In addition, we had net working capital of $9,684,827 and $8,112,564 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Because the company is gradually recovering the accounts receivables affected by the Covid-19, and the sales are gradually returning to the normal level, the company’s current cash revenue and expenditure are normal, which did not affect the normal operation. Now, after Covid-19, the company has no problems with business sustainability. IPO financing will be used for new investments to expand the operating scale and does not affect the existing operating scale.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. However, the basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Therefore, the differences between US GAAP and PRC GAAP have been adjusted in these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) applicable to interim financial information and the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosure required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. Not all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements are presented. The interim financial statements follow the same accounting policies and methods of computations as the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights, assumptions used in assessing the collectability of receivables, and impairment for long-term assets.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs, including the VIEs’ subsidiaries, for which Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary.

All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIEs and the VIEs’ subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

As PRC laws and regulations welcome to invest in organic fertilizer industry businesses, Muliang Viagoo operates its fertilizer business in the PRC through Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries, which are collectively referred as the “WFOEs”.

By entering into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”), Muliang Viagoo, through WFOEs, obtained control over Muliang Industry and its subsidiaries (collectively referred as “VIEs”). The VIE Agreements enable Muliang Viagoo to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs, and (2) receive the economic benefits of the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs. Accordingly, Muliang Viagoo is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and has consolidated the VIEs’ financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements. In making the conclusion that Muliang Viagoo is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo’s rights under the Power of Attorney also provide Muliang Viagoo’s abilities to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Muliang Viagoo also believes that this ability to exercise control ensures that the VIEs will continue to execute and renew the Master Exclusive Service Agreement and pay service fees to Muliang Viagoo. By charging service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of Muliang Viagoo, and by ensuring that the Master Exclusive Service Agreement is executed and remains effective, Muliang Viagoo has the rights to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs.

Comparative VIE financials, are set forth below:

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Quantitative Metrics of the VIE, Shanghai Muliang Industry Co., Ltd. are set forth below:

For the three months ended March 31, 2023

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Note 1 The Company’s shareholders would not hold any ownership interest, direct or indirect, in the operating company in China, i.e. the VIE, and would merely have a contractual relationship with the VIE.

Note 2 The intercompany balances of $11,125,527 between the WOFE and the VIE arising from the service fee income payable to the WOFE by the VIE; the intercompany balances do not include any loans between the WOFE and the VIE. The amount is accumulated from the date that the VIE agreements when into effect on February 16, 2016. As the Company has disclosed, the VIE has not paid amounts in cash or other means to settle the payables balances owed by the VIE to the WOFE.

VIE Agreements that were entered to give Muliang Viagoo effective control over the VIEs include:

Voting Rights Proxy Agreement and Irrevocable Power of Attorney

Under which each shareholder of the VIEs grant to any person designated by WFOEs to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights under PRC law and the relevant articles of association, including but not limited to, appointing directors, supervisors and officers of the VIEs as well as the right to sell, transfer, pledge and dispose all or a portion of the equity interest held by such shareholders of the VIEs. The proxy and power of attorney agreements will remain effective as long as WFOEs exist. The shareholders of the VIEs do not have the right to terminate the proxy agreements or revoke the appointment of the attorney-in-fact without written consent of the WFOEs.

Exclusive Option Agreement

Under which each shareholder of the VIEs granted 9F or any third party designated by 9F the exclusive and irrevocable right to purchase from such shareholders of the VIEs, to the extent permitted by PRC law and regulations, all or part of their respective equity interests in the VIEs for a purchase price equal to the registered capital. The shareholders of the VIEs will then return the purchase price to 9F or any third party designated by 9F after the option is exercised. 9F may transfer all or part of its option to a third party at its own option. The VIEs and its shareholders agree that without prior written consent of 9F, they may not transfer or otherwise dispose the equity interests or declare any dividends. The restated option agreement will remain effective until 9F or any third party designated by 9F acquires all equity interest of the VIEs.

Spousal Consent

The spouse of each shareholder of the VIEs has entered into a spousal consent letter to acknowledge that he or she consents to the disposition of the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs in accordance with the exclusive option agreement, the power of attorney and the equity pledge agreement regarding VIE structure described above, and any other supplemental agreement(s) may be consented by his or her spouse from time to time. Each such spouse further agrees that he or she will not take any action or raise any claim to interfere with the arrangements contemplated under the mentioned agreements. In addition, each such spouse further acknowledges that any right or interest in the equity interests held by his or her spouse in the VIEs do not constitute property jointly owned with his or her spouse and each such spouse unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right or interest in such equity interests.

Loan Agreement

Pursuant to the loan agreements between WFOEs and each shareholder of the VIEs, WFOEs extended loans to the shareholders of the VIEs, who had contributed the loan principal to the VIEs as registered capital. The shareholders of VIEs may repay the loans only by transferring their respective equity interests in VIEs to 9F Inc. or its designated person(s) pursuant to the exclusive option agreements. These loan agreements will remain effective until the date of full performance by the parties of their respective obligations thereunder.

VIE Agreements that enables Muliang Viagoo to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the VIEs include:

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to equity interest pledge agreement, each shareholder of the VIEs has pledged all of his or her equity interest held in the VIEs to WFOEs to secure the performance by VIEs and their shareholders of their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, including the payments due to WFOEs for services provided. In the event that the VIEs breach any obligations under these agreements, WFOEs as the pledgees, will be entitled to request immediate disposal of the pledged equity interests and have priority to be compensated by the proceeds from the disposal of the pledged equity interests. The shareholders of the VIEs shall not transfer their equity interests or create or permit to be created any pledges without the prior written consent of WFOEs. The equity interest pledge agreement will remain valid until the master exclusive service agreement and the relevant exclusive option agreements and proxy and power of attorney agreements, expire or terminate.

Master Exclusive Service Agreement

Pursuant to exclusive service agreement, WFOEs have the exclusive right to provide the VIEs with technical support, consulting services and other services. WFOEs shall exclusively own any intellectual property arising from the performance of the agreement. During the term of this agreement, the VIEs may not accept any services covered by this agreement provided by any third party. The VIEs agree to pay service fees to be determined and adjusted at the sole discretion of the WFOEs. The agreement will remain effective unless WFOEs terminate the agreement in writing.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Risks in relation to the VIE structure

Muliang viagoo believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their current shareholders are in compliance with PRC laws and regulations and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit Muliang Viagoo’s ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. If the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government could:

Muliang Viagoo’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected if the PRC government were to carry out any of the aforementioned actions. As a result, Muliang Viagoo may not be able to consolidate the VIEs in its consolidated financial statements as it may lose the ability to exert effective control over the VIEs and its shareholders, and it may lose the ability to receive economic benefits from the VIEs. Muliang Viagoo currently does not believe that any penalties imposed or actions taken by the PRC government would result in the liquidation of the Company, WFOEs, or the VIEs.

The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the VIEs and their subsidiaries, which are included in Muliang Viagoo’s consolidated financial statements after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions:

Under the VIE Arrangements, Muliang Viagoo has the power to direct activities of the VIEs and can have assets transferred out of the VIEs. Therefore, Muliang Viagoo considers that there is no asset in the VIEs that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIEs, except for assets that correspond to the amount of the registered capital and PRC statutory reserves, if any. As the VIEs are incorporated as limited liability companies under the Company Law of the PRC, creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the general credit of Muliang Viagoo for any of the liabilities of the VIEs.

Currently there is no contractual arrangement which requires Muliang Viagoo to provide additional financial support to the VIEs. However, as Muliang Viagoo conducts its businesses primarily based on the licenses held by the VIEs, Muliang Viagoo has provided and will continue to provide financial support to the VIEs.

Revenue-producing assets held by the VIEs include certain internet content provision (“ICP”) licenses and other licenses, domain names and trademarks. The ICP licenses and other licenses are required under relevant PRC laws, rules and regulations for the operation of internet businesses in the PRC, and therefore are integral to Muliang Viagoo’s operations. The ICP licenses require that core PRC trademark registrations and domain names are held by the VIEs that provide the relevant services.

Muliang Viagoo consolidates the following entities, including wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muliang HK, Shanghai Mufeng, Viagoo, and its wholly controlled variable interest entities, Muliang Industry, and Zhongbao, 60% controlled Agritech Development, 99% controlled Fukang, 65% controlled Zhonglian, 80% controlled Yunnan Muliang 100% controlled Anhui Muliang, 65% controlled Maguan, and 51% controlled Heilongjiang. Accordingly, the 40% equity interest holder of Agritech Development, 1% equity interest holders in Fukang, 35% equity interest holders in Zhonglian, 35% interest in Maguan, 20% interest in Yunnan Muliang, and 49% equity interest in Heilongjiang are accounted as non-controlling interest in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The variable interest entities consolidated for which the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market accounts to be cash equivalents. In addition, the Company maintains cash with various financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

Inventories

Inventories, consisting of raw materials, work in process, and finished goods related to the Company’s products are stated at the lower of cost or market utilizing the weighted average method.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

Included in property and equipment is construction-in-progress, which consists of factory improvements and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the construction period or installation of the assets. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

The apple orchard includes rental of an apple farm, labor cost, fertilizers, apple seeds, apple seedlings, etc. The costs to purchase and cultivate apple trees and the expenditures related to labor and materials to plant apple trees until they become commercially productive are capitalized, which require a two-year period. The estimated production life for an apple tree is 10 years, and the costs are depreciated without a residual value. Expenses incurred maintaining apple trees during the growth cycle until seedling apple trees, or grafted varieties are fruited are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in Process—apple orchard, a component of inventories.

Depreciation expenses pertaining to apple trees will be included in inventory costs for those apples to be sold and ultimately become a component of the cost of goods sold. Therefore, similar to other assets, the failure of our apple trees to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value will negatively impact our operating results.

Intangible Assets

Included in the intangible assets are land use rights and non-patented technology. According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Useful life for non-patented technology refers to the period during which economic benefits can be generated. Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their lease terms or estimated useful life.

Estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

The Company carries intangible assets at a cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of intangible assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 50 years for the land use rights.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company recorded no impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

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NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Advances from Customers

Advances from customers consist of prepayments from customers for merchandise that had not yet been shipped. The Company will recognize the deposits as revenue as customers take delivery of the goods and title to the assets is transferred to customers in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control is accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations. Upon loss of control, the interest sold and interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for the reporting period beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historic accounting under Topic 605.

Management has determined that the adoption of ASC 606 did not impact the Company’s previously reported financial statements in any prior period, nor did it result in a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings.

Revenue for the sale of products is derived from contracts with customers, which primarily include the sale of fertilizer products and environmental protection equipment. The Company’s sales arrangements do not contain variable consideration. Instead, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied, and control of the products has been transferred to the customer. For the vast majority of the Company’s product sales, the performance obligations and control of the products transfer to the customer when products are delivered and customer acceptance is made.

Revenue for logistics-related services is derived from Viagoo subsidiaries. Through an online service platform, the company provides the operation management service to support customers. For VTM service, revenue is charged to carriers based on a certain percentage of the freight charges. For VES service, revenue is recognized based on monthly subscriptions by vehicles and by users. For system integration service, revenue is recognized over time based on the progress of the project and annual maintenance service.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales consists primarily of raw materials, utility, and supply costs consumed in the manufacturing process, manufacturing labor, depreciation expense, and direct overhead expenses necessary to manufacture finished goods as well as warehousing and distribution costs such as inbound freight charges, shipping, and handling costs, purchasing and receiving costs.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns.

The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. The Company’s operations in producing and selling fertilizers are subject to the 25% enterprise income tax.

Related Parties

Parties are related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management, and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to the extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital, and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and unrealized gains from foreign currency translation adjustments.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) and Singapore Dollar (“SGD”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. The translation adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 was a gain of $903,655 and a gain of $363,102, respectively. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Accordingly, transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

For business in China, asset and liability accounts at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, were translated at 6.8689 RMB to $1 USD and 6.9091 RMB to $1 USD, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 were 6.8423 RMB and 6.3454 RMB to $1 USD, respectively. 

Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share give effect to all dilutive potential of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, including stock options or warrants, using the treasury stock method (by using the average stock price for the period to determine the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants), and convertible debt or convertible preferred stock, using the if-converted method. Earnings per share exclude all potential dilutive shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive securities on March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company adopted the guidance of ASC Topic 820 for fair value measurements, which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, advances to suppliers, prepaid expenses, short-term loans, accounts payable, accrued expenses, advances from customers, VAT and service taxes payable, and income taxes payable approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments.

ASC Topic 825-10 “Financial Instruments” allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Accordingly, the Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.  

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Government Contribution Plan

Pursuant to the laws applicable to PRC law, the Company is required to participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical, and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the basic monthly compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Company has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution.

Statutory Reserve

Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC, the Company must make appropriations from after-tax profit to the non-distributable “statutory surplus reserve fund.” Subject to certain cumulative limits, the “statutory surplus reserve fund” requires annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax profit until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the PRC (“PRC GAAP”) at each year-end). For foreign-invested enterprises and joint ventures in the PRC, annual appropriations should be made to the “reserve fund.” For foreign-invested enterprises, the annual appropriation for the “reserve fund” cannot be less than 10% of after-tax profits until the aggregated appropriations reach 50% of the registered capital (as determined under PRC GAAP at each year-end). If the Company has accumulated loss from prior periods, the Company can use the current period net income after tax to offset against the accumulated loss.

Segment Information

The standard, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” codified with ASC-280, requires certain financial and supplementary information to be disclosed on an annual and interim basis for each reportable segment of an enterprise. The Company believes that it operates in two business segments, of which are geographically located in China and one in Singapore respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02) “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. For finance leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

For operating leases, a lessee is required to do the following:

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 (ASU 2018-11), which amends ASC 842 so that entities may elect not to recast their comparative periods in transition (the “Comparatives Under 840 Option”). ASU 2018-11 allows entities to change their date of initial application to the beginning of the period of adoption. In doing so, entities would:

In addition, the FASB also issued a series of amendments to ASU 2016-02 that address the transition methods available and clarify the guidance for lessor costs and other aspects of the new lease standard.

The management has reviewed the accounting pronouncements and adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method of adoption.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU provides an exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. This update also (1) requires an entity to recognize a franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, (2) requires an entity to evaluate when a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which goodwill was originally recognized for accounting purposes and when it should be considered a separate transaction, and (3) requires that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements..

In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (topic 842) Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (topic 842)”. This ASU provides guidance regarding methodologies, documentation, and internal controls related to expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company believes that there were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

NOTE 3 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Disposition of Viagoo Pte Ltd and its subsidiaries

On December 16, 2022, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a share purchase agreement with Viagoo Inc., pursuant to which Viagoo Inc purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of Viagoo Pte Ltd., a Singapore private limited liability company and a 100% parent company of NexG Pte. Ltd., and TPS Solutions Hong Kong Limited, from the Company in exchange for a consideration of US$ 5,254,001.20 to be paid to the Company.

Reconciliation of the amounts of major classes of income and losses from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as follows.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. After evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company did not recognize additional credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022. The allowance balance as of March 31, 2023 was carried forward from the prior period.

The Company did not recognize a loss from inventory impairment for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022.

NOTE 6 – PREPAYMENT

The prepayment balance of $3,753,709 and $3,719,342 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, represents the advances paid to suppliers for the purchase of raw materials to be delivered in the next operating period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense amounted to $125,810 and $164,556, respectively. Depreciation is not taken during the period of construction or equipment installation. Upon completion of the installation of manufacturing equipment or any construction in progress, construction in progress balances will be classified to their respective property and equipment category.

The construction in progress of $2,893,083 represents the investment of a black goat processing plant located in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province, PRC.

NOTE 8 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

The total balance of $1,146,038 as of March 31, 2023 represents the net value of two industrial land use rights located in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and Chuxiong City, Yunnan Province. The total cost of land use rights is $1,492,647 and the accumulated amortization is $346,609.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Deferred taxation is calculated under the liability method in respect of taxation effect arising from all timing differences, which are expected with reasonable probability to realize in the foreseeable future. The Company’s subsidiary registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s future loan obligations according to the terms of the loan agreement are as follows:

The Company recognized interest expenses of $472 and $43,267 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 11 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY

Authorized Stock

The Company has authorized 250,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each common share entitles the holder to one vote, in person or proxy, on any matter on which action of the stockholders of the corporation is sought.

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock. As a result, the capital stock of the Company consisted of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 50,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock after the filling.

On October 30, 2019, 15,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 50,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

On February 24, 2023,our Board of Directors declared a two-for-one reverse stock split of our authorized common stock and Series A Preferred Stock. There was no effect on total stockholders’ equity, and the par value per share of our both common stock and Series A Preferred Stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the reverse stock split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effects of the reverse stock split.

As of March 31, 2023, there were 250,000,000 common shares of the Company authorized, and 50,000,000 preferred shares authorized.

Common Share Issuances

On June 29, 2018, the outstanding amount $326,348 due to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company, were converted into 21,600 shares of Common Shares at $15.10 per share.

On June 29, 2018 the Company issued 149,259 common shares of the Company at $15.10 for proceeds of $2,255,111 to Mr. Wang, CEO and Chairman of the Company.

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 5 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the reverse stock split. The Stock Split does not affect the par value or the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock.

On April 16, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to our Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to reflect the Reverse stock Split. The reverse stock split took effect on May 7, 2019 The common shares outstanding have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split.

On October 10, 2019 and November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 9,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 9,500,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 9,500,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

On June 19, 2020, Muliang Viagoo Technology Inc. entered into a Share Exchange Agreement with Viagoo Pte Ltd. (“Viagoo”) and all the shareholders of Viagoo for the acquisition of 100% equity interest of Viagoo.

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Muliang shall purchase from Viagoo Shareholders all of Viagoo Shareholder’s right, title and interest in and to the Viagoo’s capital stock. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares was US$2,830,800, paid in 505,500 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, valued at $5.60 per share.

On June 28, 2020, the Company issued 25,000 of restricted common stock as the compensation for Shaw Cheng “David” Chong, the new Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

On December 29, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 of restricted common stock to two investors for US$280,000 valued at $5.60 per share.

On February 24, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 2 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock. There was no effect on total stockholders’ equity, and the par value per share of our both common stock and Series A Preferred Stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the reverse stock split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effects of the reverse stock split.

As of the date of this report, there were 19,251,477 shares of common stock outstanding.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 11 – STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)

Blank Check Preferred Stock

On April 4, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved creation of fifty million (50,000,000) shares of Blank Check Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value. To the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended or supplemented, the Board of Directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series within each class of preferred stock of the Company. The Company may issue the shares of stock for such consideration as may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

On April 5, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada to authorize the creation of Blank Check Preferred Stock.

On October 30, 2019, 15,000,000 shares were designated to be Series A Preferred Stock out of the 50,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock.

Series A Preferred Stock

On October 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved to designate 15,000,000 shares as Series A Preferred Stock out of the 50,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, which the preferences and relative and other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, shall be set forth in the discussion below under the “Series A Preferred Stock”. A certificate of designation for the Series A Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of the State of Nevada on October 30, 2019.

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to receive dividends of any kind.

The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to conversion into Common Stock or other equity authorized to be issued by the Corporation.

The holders of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have voting rights equal to ten (10) shares of Common Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock.

On November 1, 2019, the Company issued a total of 9,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to Mr. Wang, the CEO and Chairman of the Company, in exchange for 9,500,000 shares of common stock beneficially owned by him. Following the transaction, 9,500,000 shares of common stock were cancelled and returned to treasury.

On February 24, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors and majority shareholder approved a 2 to 1 reverse stock split of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock. There was no effect on total stockholders’ equity, and the par value per share of our both common stock and Series A Preferred Stock remains unchanged at $0.0001 per share after the reverse stock split. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and applicable disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effects of the reverse stock split.

As of the filling date, there were 9,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued outstanding.

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 12 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

*Due to related parties

Outstanding balance due to the related parties below are advances to the Company as working capital. These advances are due on demand, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company borrowed $149,452 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $2,397. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company borrowed $175,304 from Mr. Lirong Wang, and repaid $99,317. 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, There was no loan transaction between the Company and Mr. Guohua Lin. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company borrowed $2,837 from Mr. Guohua Lin, and repaid $3,489.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company borrowed $0 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $6,912. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company borrowed $276 from Ms. Xueying Sheng and repaid $394.

There was no loan transaction between the Company and Mr. Zhongfang Wang, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. 

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Supplier Concentrations

The following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Credit Risks

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by the PRC’s political, economic, and legal environment and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. As a result, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk. On March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES

United States

Muliang Viagoo was established in the State of Nevada in the United States and is subject to Nevada State and US Federal tax laws. Muliang Viagoo has approximately $97,672 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carrying forward to future years for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes. The benefit from the carry forward of such NOLs will begin expiring during the year ended December 31, 2034. Because United States tax laws limit the time during which NOL carry forwards may be applied against future taxable income, the Company may be unable to take full advantage of its NOLs for federal income tax purposes should the Company generate taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur in the Company as it continues to raise additional capital. Based on such limitations, the Company has significant NOLs for which realization of tax benefits is uncertain.

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) resulting in significant modifications to existing law. The Company has considered the accounting impact of the effects of the Act during the year ended December 31, 2018 including a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% among other changes.

Hong Kong

Muliang HK is established in Hong Kong, and its income is subject to a 16.5% profit tax rate for income sourced within the Special Administrative Region. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, Muliang HK did not earn any income derived in Hong Kong, and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax.

Singapore

Viagoo is incorporated in Singapore where tax is levied on profits at rate of 17.0%. Singapore uses a territorial tax system. Post-tax profit distributions (i.e., dividends) to shareholders are tax-free. Singapore does not tax on capital gains.

China, PRC

Shanghai Mufeng and its subsidiaries Muliang Industry, Zongbao, Zongbao Cangzhou, Muliang Sales, Fukang, Agritech Development, Zhonglian, Heilongjiang Anhui Muliang, Maguan, and Yunnan Muliang are established in China and its income is subject to income tax rate of 25%.

The reconciliation of effective income tax rate as follows:

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NOTES OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

The tax authority of the PRC government conducts periodic and ad hoc tax filing reviews on business enterprises operating in the PRC after those enterprises complete their relevant tax filings. Therefore, the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings results are subject to change. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the PRC tax authority may take different views about the Company’s PRC entities’ tax filings, which may lead to additional tax liabilities.

ASC 740 requires recognition and measurement of uncertain income tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” approach. Accordingly, the management evaluated the Company’s tax positions and concluded that no provision for uncertainty in income taxes was necessary as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

The provision for income taxes consists of the following: