SBFM Sunshine Biopharma Inc

Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2024

 

Registration No. 333-276817

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM S-1/A

(Amendment No. 1)

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Colorado		8731		20-5566275
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5^th Floor

New York, NY 10036

332-216-1147

(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including

area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

Dr. Steve N. Slilaty

1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5^th Floor

New York, NY 10036

332-216-1147

(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

 

Gregory Sichenzia, Esq. Jeff Cahlon, Esq. Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor New York, New York 10036 212-930-9700

Anthony W. Basch, Esq. J. Britton Williston, Esq. Chenxi Lu, Esq. Kaufman & Canoles, P.C. 1021 E. Cary St., Suite 1400 Richmond, Virginia 23219 804-771-5700

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of the registration statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒

 

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

	Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
		Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

DATED FEBRUARY 9, 2024

 

39,215,687 Units, Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock or One Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock, one-tenth of a Series A Warrant to Purchase one Share of Common Stock and two-tenths of a Series B Warrant to Purchase one Share of Common Stock

 

11,764,706 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Series A and Series B Warrants

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. is offering, on a firm commitment, underwritten basis, 39,215,687 units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of one share of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A warrant (“Series A Warrant”) to purchase one share of common stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B warrant (“Series B Warrant”) to purchase one share of common stock, at an assumed public offering price of $0.255 per Unit, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, on February 6, 2024.

 

The Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. Each Series A Warrant offered hereby is immediately exercisable on the date of issuance at an exercise price of $3.825 (assuming an offering price of $0.255 per Unit) per share of common stock, or pursuant to alternate cashless exercise option, and will expire two-and-a-half years from the closing date of this public offering. Each Series B Warrant offered hereby is immediately exercisable on the date of issuance at an exercise price of $4.335 (assuming an offering price of $0.255 per Unit) per share of common stock, and will expire five years from the closing date of this public offering.

 

Under the alternate cashless exercise option of the Series A Warrants, beginning on the date of the Warrant Stockholder Approval (described below), the holder of the Series A Warrant, has the right to receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the Series A Warrant and (y) 2.0. In addition, beginning on the date of the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will contain a reset of the exercise price to a price equal to the lesser of (i) the then exercise price and (ii) lowest volume weighted average price for the five trading days immediately preceding and immediately following the date we effect a reverse stock split in the future with a proportionate adjustment to the number of shares underlying the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. Finally, beginning on the date of the Warrant Stockholder Approval, with certain exceptions, the Series B Warrants will provide for an adjustment to the exercise price and number of shares underlying the Series B Warrants upon our issuance of our common stock or common stock equivalents at a price per share that is less than the exercise price of the Series B Warrant.

 

The alternate cashless exercise option included in the Series A Warrants and the other adjustment provisions described in the above paragraph included in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be available only upon receipt of such stockholder approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market to permit the alternate cashless exercise of the Series A Warrants and the other adjustment provisions described in the above paragraph included in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants (the “Warrant Stockholder Approval”). In the event that we are unable to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the Series A Warrants will not be exercisable using the alternate cashless exercise option and the other adjustment provisions described in the above paragraph included in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will not be effective, and therefore the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may have substantially less value. See the Risk Factor on page 15 relating to the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants and Warrant Stockholder Approval, and see the section entitled “Warrant Stockholder Approval” on page 40 for additional details regarding the Warrant Stockholder Approval.

 

 

 

 

We are also offering to each purchaser of Units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase Units consisting of one pre-funded warrant (in lieu of one share of common stock, each a “Pre-Funded Warrant”), one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A Warrant and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B Warrant. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable for one share of common stock. The purchase price of each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Unit including one share of common stock, minus $0.001, and the remaining exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal $0.001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant we sell (without regard to any limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of Units including a share of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

 

This prospectus also includes the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and the Pre-Funded Warrants.

 

The common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants can each be purchased in this offering only with the accompanying Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants that are part of a Unit, but the components of the Units will be immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. See “Description of Capital Stock” in this prospectus for more information.

 

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “SBFM.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on February 6, 2024 was $0.255 per share. There is no established public trading market for the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not intend to list the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

 

The final public offering price of the Units will be determined through negotiation between us and the underwriter, based upon a number of factors, including our history and our prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the previous experience of our executive officers and the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering.

 

We have granted Aegis Capital Corp., as underwriter, an option, exercisable for 45 days from the closing date of this offering, to purchase up to 5,882,353 additional shares of common stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants, representing 15% of the shares of common stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the offering, and/or up to 588,235 Series A Warrants, representing 15% of the Series A Warrants sold in the offering, and/or up to 1,176,470 Series B Warrants, representing 15% of the Series B Warrants sold in the offering. The underwriter may exercise the over-allotment option with respect to shares of common stock only, Pre-Funded Warrants only, Series A Warrants only, Series B Warrants only, or any combination thereof.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

 

		Per Unit				Total
Public offering price		$				$
Underwriting discounts and commissions (8.0%)(1)		$				$
Proceeds before expenses		$				$

  

(1)	Does not include a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1.0% of the public offering price. See “Underwriting” for a description of compensation payable to the underwriter.

 

The underwriter expects to deliver our securities to purchasers in the offering on or about          , 2024.

 

Aegis Capital Corp.

 

The date of this prospectus is          , 2024

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	Page
Prospectus Summary	1
The Offering	2
Risk Factors	4
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	16
Use of Proceeds	17
Market for Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters	18
Capitalization	19
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Business	25
Management	32
Transactions with Related Persons	37
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management	38
Description of Capital Stock	39
Underwriting	43
Legal Matters	47
Experts	47
Where You Can Find More Information	47
Financial Statements	F-1

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, as supplemented and amended. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this prospectus may only be accurate on the date of this prospectus. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the underwriter is making an offer to sell or seeking offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

For investors outside the United States: We have not, and the underwriter has not, done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights certain information about us and this offering contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Before you decide to invest in our securities, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4, and the financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus.

 

As used in this prospectus and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Sunshine Biopharma,” or the “Company” refer to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

 

Overview

 

We are a pharmaceutical company offering and researching life-saving medicines in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, including oncology and antivirals. In addition to pursuing our own drug development program, we operate two wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian corporation with a portfolio consisting of 51 generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada and 32 additional drugs scheduled to be launched in Canada in 2024 and 2025, and (ii) Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), a Canadian corporation which develops and sells nonprescription over-the-counter (“OTC”) products.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036, and our telephone number is 332-216-1147. Our website address is www.sunshinebiopharma.com. Information on our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE OFFERING

 

Units offered		39,215,687 Units(1) on a firm commitment basis. Each Unit will consist of one share of common stock (or Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock in lieu thereof), one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B Warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. The shares of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants, if any, can each be purchased in this offering only with the accompanying Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants as part of Units (other than pursuant to the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants and/or Series A Warrants and/or Series B Warrants), but the components of the Units will be immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.
Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants offered		3,921,569 Series A Warrants and 7,843,137 Series B Warrants. Each Unit includes one share of common stock, one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A Warrant and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B Warrant. Each Series A Warrant is exercisable at a price of $3.825 per share (assuming an offering price of $0.255 per Unit), or pursuant to an alternate cashless exercise option, and each Series B Warrant is exercisable at a price of $4.335 per share (assuming an offering price of $0.255 per Unit). The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire two-and-a-half years (with respect to the Series A Warrants) or five years (with respect to the Series B Warrants) from the closing date of this public offering. See “Description of Capital Stock—Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants Offered in this Offering.”
Pre-Funded Warrants offered		We are also offering to certain purchasers whose purchase of Units in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if such purchasers so choose, in lieu of Units including shares of Common Stock, Units including Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of shares of common stock that would otherwise result in any such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock. The purchase price of each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price at which a Unit is sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.001 per share.   Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable for one share of our common stock and will be exercisable at any time after its original issuance until exercised in full, provided that the purchaser will be prohibited from exercising Pre-Funded Warrants for shares of our common stock if, as a result of such exercise, the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, would own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be effective until 61 days after such notice to us.   This prospectus also relates to the offering of the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. See “Description of Capital Stock—Pre-Funded Warrants Offered in this Offering.”

 

 

 

 

Common stock outstanding before this offering(2)		28,024,290 shares
Common stock outstanding after this offering		67,239,977 shares
Over-allotment option		The underwriter has a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 15% of the total number of shares of common stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants and/or Series A Warrants and/or Series B Warrants.
Use of proceeds		We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, technologies, and products that are complementary to our own, although we have no current binding agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Risk factors		Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 4 before deciding to invest in our securities.
Listing		Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “SBFM.” There is no established public trading market for the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not intend to list the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or trading system.

  

(1)	Based on assumed public offering price of $0.255 per Unit.
(2)	Based on shares of common stock outstanding on February 8, 2024, and excludes:
		·	23,395,046 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $1.94; and
		·	30,000 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which are not convertible into common stock.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise by the underwriter its over-allotment option, no exercise of any Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants issued in this offering, and no sale of any Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our securities includes a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed below, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected by these risks. 

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We have incurred losses and may never achieve profitability.

 

We have an accumulated deficit of $62,655,634 as of September 30, 2023. We incurred a net loss of $3,256,020 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and a net loss of $26,744,440 for the year ended December 31, 2022. We may never achieve profitability.

  

We are subject to the significant risks associated with the generic pharmaceutical business.

 

Since our acquisition of Nora Pharma in October 2022, we have generated revenues primarily through sales of generic pharmaceutical products in Canada, and we expect this to remain the case for the foreseeable future. Generic pharmaceuticals are, as a general matter, significantly less profitable than innovative medicines,

 

In recent years, the generic pharmaceutical business has experienced increased volatility in volumes due in large part to global supply chain issues and the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the global economy was continuing to recover from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and also began experiencing additional macroeconomic pressures such as rising inflation and disruptions to the global supply chain, in part resulting from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We may experience supply discontinuities due to macroeconomic issues, regulatory actions, including sanctions and trade restrictions, labor disturbances and approval delays, which may impact our ability to timely meet demand in certain instances. These adverse market forces have a direct impact on our overall performance. Any such disruptions could have a material adverse impact on our business and our results of operation and financial condition.

 

Other risks associated with our generic pharmaceutical business include:

 

·	Current macroeconomic conditions are becoming increasingly less stable due to the war in Ukraine, and tensions in the Far East. Destabilized macroeconomics conditions pose a serious threat to supply chains around the world including those for the generic pharmaceutical business. Nearly all of Nora Pharma’s generic drugs are manufactured outside Canada and the United States and could experience disruptions which would adversely affect Nora Pharma’s main source of revenue.
·	Supply chains discontinuities due to other issues, including unforeseen regulatory actions, economic sanctions, trade restrictions, labor disturbances and approval delays, may impact the Company’s ability to timely meet customer demand in certain instances. These adverse market forces would have a direct impact on Nora Pharma’s ability to achieve its sales projections.
·	A significant portion of Nora Pharma’s revenues are derived from relatively few key customers, and any financial difficulties experienced by a single key customer, or any delay in receiving payments from such a customer, could have a material adverse effect on Nora Pharma’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
·	If Nora Pharma encounters difficulties in executing launches of new products, it may not be able to offset the increasing price erosion on existing products resulting from pricing pressures and accelerated generics approvals for competitors. Such unsuccessful launches can be caused by many factors, including, delays in regulatory approvals, lack of operational or clinical readiness or patent litigation. Failure or delays to execute launches of new generic products could have a material adverse effect on Nora Pharma’s business and its ability to realize projected sales.

 

 

 

 

Sales of our generic products may be adversely affected by the drug regulatory environment in Canada.

 

Currently we sell our generic drugs only in Canada. Our net sales may be affected by fluctuations in the buying patterns of our customers resulting from government lead pricing pressures and other factors. Our generic sales in Canada are done via retail pharmacies, pharmacy channels, distributors, and wholesalers. Pricing pressures in Canada represent the highest risk due to ongoing and unresolved negotiations between the pharmaceutical industry and the federal government. These together with the fact that a significant portion of our revenues is derived from relatively few key customers, any financial difficulties experienced by a single key customer, or any delay in receiving payments from such a customer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Our revenues and profits from generic products may decline as a result of competition from other pharmaceutical companies and changes in regulatory policy.

 

Our generic drugs face intense competition. Prices of generic drugs may, and often do, decline, sometimes dramatically, especially as additional generic pharmaceutical companies receive approvals and enter the market for a given product and competition intensifies. Consequently, our ability to sustain our sales and profitability on any given product over time is affected by the number of companies selling such product, including new market entrants, and the timing of their approvals.

 

Furthermore, brand pharmaceutical companies continue to manage products in a challenging environment through marketing agreements with payers, pharmacy benefits managers and generic manufacturers. For example, brand companies often sell or license their own generic versions of their products, either directly or through other generic pharmaceutical companies (so-called “authorized generics”). No significant regulatory approvals are required for authorized generics, and brand companies do not face any other significant barriers to entry into such market. Brand companies may seek to delay introductions of generic equivalents through a variety of commercial and regulatory tactics. These actions may increase the costs and risks of our efforts to introduce generic products and may delay or prevent such introduction altogether.

 

We may experience delays in launching of our new generic products.

 

If we cannot execute timely launches of new products, we may not be able to offset the increasing price erosion on existing products resulting from pricing pressures and accelerated generics approvals for competing products. Such unsuccessful launches can be caused by many factors, including delays in regulatory approvals, lack of operational or clinical readiness or patent litigation. Failure or delays to execute launches of new generic products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We may not receive required regulatory approval for any of our non-generic pharmaceutical product candidates.

 

We have not received approval for any of our proprietary (non-generic) drug development operations product candidates from the FDA. Any compounds that we discover or in-license will require extensive and costly development, preclinical testing and clinical trials prior to seeking regulatory approval for commercial sales. Our most advanced product candidate, K1.1 mRNA, and our potential Covid-19 treatments in development, may never be approved for commercial sale. We have not made any filings to date with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions. The time required to attain product sales and profitability is lengthy and highly uncertain. If we fail to obtain required regulatory approvals for our pharmaceutical product candidates, our business will be materially harmed.

 

 

 

 

As we have no approved non-generic pharmaceutical products on the market, we do not expect to generate significant revenues from non-generic pharmaceutical product sales in the foreseeable future, if at all.

 

To date, we have no approved non-generic pharmaceutical products on the market and have generated product revenues solely from our OTC supplements operations and generic pharmaceutical product sales. We have funded our operations primarily from sales of our securities. We have not received, and do not expect to receive for at least the next three to four years, if at all, any revenues from the commercialization of our non-generic pharmaceutical product candidates. To obtain revenues from sales of such pharmaceutical product candidates, we must succeed, either alone or with third parties, in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for manufacturing, marketing and distributing drugs with commercial potential. We may never succeed in these activities, and we may not generate sufficient revenues to continue our business operations or achieve profitability.

 

We will require additional funding to satisfy our future capital needs, which may not be available.

 

We may require significant additional funding in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical testing costs, and the absence of significant revenues in the near future. We do not know whether additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms or at all. If we cannot raise additional funds, we may be required to reduce our capital expenditures, scale back product development programs, reduce our workforce and license to others products or technologies that we may otherwise be able to commercialize. We are currently unable to project when or whether our operations will generate positive cash flows from operations.

 

Any additional equity securities we issue or issuances of debt we may enter into or undertake may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

 

The FDA may change its approval policies or requirements, or apply interpretations to its policies or requirements, in a manner that could delay or prevent commercialization of K1.1mRNA or our potential Covid-19 treatment in development.

 

Regulatory requirements may change in a manner that requires us to conduct additional clinical trials, which may delay or prevent commercialization of our K1.1 mRNA and potential Covid-19 treatment in development. We cannot provide any assurance that the FDA will not require us to repeat existing studies or conduct new or unforeseen experiments in order to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of any product candidate before considering the approval of such product candidate.

 

The product candidate we are developing for the treatment of Covid-19 may not be granted an emergency use authorization by the FDA. If we do not receive such authorization, or if, once granted, it is terminated, we will be required to pursue the drug approval process, which is lengthy and expensive.

 

Subject to completing and receiving favorable results for clinical trials, we intend to seek emergency use authorization, or EUA, for a potential Covid-19 treatment, which would allow us to market and sell such product candidate without the need to pursue the lengthy and expensive drug approval process. The FDA may issue an EUA during a public health emergency if it determines that the potential benefits of a product outweigh the potential risks and if other regulatory criteria are met. In addition, the FDA may revoke an EUA where it is determined that the underlying health emergency no longer exists or warrants such authorization. We may not receive EUA for any Covid-19 treatment product candidate. In addition, even if we do receive EUA for any product candidate, we cannot predict how long such EUA will remain in place. If we fail to receive an EUA for any Covid-19 product candidate, or such EUA is granted but subsequently terminated, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

  

 

 

 

Our business would be materially harmed if we fail to obtain FDA approval for our pharmaceutical product candidates.

 

We anticipate that our ability to generate significant product revenues from our drug development business will depend on the successful development and commercialization of K1.1 mRNA or our potential Covid-19 treatment in development. The FDA may not approve in a timely manner, or at all, any of our drug candidates. If we are unable to submit a new drug application, or NDA for our product candidates, we will be unable to commercialize such products and our business will be materially harmed. The FDA can and does reject NDAs, and often requires additional clinical trials, even when product candidates performed well or achieved favorable results in large-scale Phase III clinical trials. The FDA imposes substantial requirements on the introduction of pharmaceutical products through lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing procedures, sampling activities and other costly and time-consuming procedures. Satisfaction of these requirements typically takes several years and may vary substantially based upon the type and complexity of the pharmaceutical product. Our product candidates are novel compounds or new chemical entities, which may further increase the time required for satisfactory testing procedures.

 

Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based on changes in, or additions to, regulatory policies for drug approval during product development and regulatory review. Government regulation may delay or prevent the commencement of clinical trials or marketing of our product candidates, impose costly procedures upon our activities and provide an advantage to our competitors with greater financial resources or more experience in regulatory affairs. The FDA may not approve our product candidates for clinical trials or marketing on a timely basis or at all. Delayed or failed approvals would adversely affect the marketing of our product candidates and our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Drug products and their manufacturers are subject to continual regulatory review after the product receives FDA approval. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or manufacturer may result in additional clinical testing requirements or restrictions on such product or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the product from the market. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can, among other things, result in fines, injunctions and civil penalties, suspensions or withdrawals of regulatory approvals, product recalls, operating restrictions or shutdown and criminal prosecution. We may lack sufficient resources and expertise to address these and other regulatory issues as they arise.

 

We may be sued or become a party to litigation, which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses and may result in an unfavorable outcome which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We may be forced to incur costs and expenses in connection with defending ourselves with respect to litigation and the payment of any settlement or judgment in connection therewith if there is an unfavorable outcome. The expense of defending litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical, and key management personnel, or if our key executive, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, discontinues his employment with us, it may delay our research and development efforts.

 

We rely on the services of Dr. Slilaty for strategic and operational management, as well as for scientific and/or medical expertise in the development of our products. The loss of Dr. Slilaty would result in a significant negative impact on our ability to implement our business plan. The loss of Dr. Slilaty will also significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

  

 

 

 

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks, and we may be unable to acquire and maintain sufficient insurance to provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities.

 

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products and OTC supplements. The use of our product candidates in clinical trials also exposes us to the possibility of product liability claims and possible adverse publicity. These risks will increase to the extent our pharmaceutical product candidates receive regulatory approval and are commercialized. We currently have product liability insurance for our generic drugs, and we plan to obtain product liability insurance in connection with our OTC supplements and future clinical trials of our pharmaceutical product candidates in the near future. However, our current and future product liability insurance, once obtained, may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. On occasion, juries have awarded large judgments in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us would decrease our cash reserves and could cause our stock price to fall significantly.

 

We face regulation and risks related to hazardous materials and environmental laws, violations of which may subject us to claims for damages or fines that could materially affect our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our research and development activities involve the use of controlled and/or hazardous materials and chemicals. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages or fines that result, and the liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or with the conditions attached to our operating licenses, the licenses could be revoked, and we could be subjected to criminal sanctions and substantial liability or be required to suspend or modify our operations. In addition, we may have to incur significant costs to comply with future environmental laws and regulations. We do not currently have a pollution and remediation insurance policy.

 

Third party manufacturers may not be able to manufacture our pharmaceutical product candidates, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates.

 

If any of our pharmaceutical product candidates is approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for commercial sale, we will need third parties to manufacture the product in larger quantities. If we are able to reach an agreement with any collaborator or third party manufacturer in the future, of which there can be no assurance due to factors beyond our control, these collaborators and/or third party manufacturers may not be able to increase their manufacturing capacity for any of our product candidates in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to increase the manufacturing capacity for a product candidate successfully, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of that product candidate may be delayed or there may be a shortage in the supply of the product candidate. Our product candidates require precise, high-quality manufacturing. The failure of collaborators or third-party manufacturers to achieve and maintain these high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously harm our business.

 

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities for our pharmaceutical product candidates or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any such products we may develop, we may be unable to generate revenues from our pharmaceutical business.

 

We do not currently have product sales and marketing capabilities for our pharmaceutical operations. If we receive regulatory approval to commence commercial sales of any of our pharmaceutical product candidates, we will have to establish a sales and marketing organization with appropriate technical expertise and distribution capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services in other jurisdictions. If we receive approval in applicable jurisdictions to commercialize K1.1 mRNA for the treatment of liver cancer indication, we intend to engage additional pharmaceutical or health care companies with existing distribution systems and direct sales organizations to assist us in North America and throughout the world. We may not be able to negotiate favorable distribution partnering arrangements, if at all. To the extent we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, any revenues we receive will depend on the efforts of third parties and will not be under our control. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, our ability to generate product revenues, and become profitable, would be severely limited.

  

 

 

 

Even if we obtain required US and foreign regulatory approvals, as applicable, factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our pharmaceutical product candidates without strategic partners or licensees include:

 

	·	difficulty recruiting and retaining adequate numbers of effective sales and marketing personnel;
	·	the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to, or persuade adequate numbers of, physicians to prescribe our products;
	·	the lack of complementary products to be offered by sales personnel, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage against companies with broader product lines; and
	·	unforeseen costs associated with creating an independent sales and marketing organization.

 

Even if we successfully develop and obtain approval for our proprietary drug product candidates, our business will not be profitable if such products do not achieve and maintain market acceptance.

 

Even if our proprietary drug product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of our approved product candidates by physicians, healthcare professionals, patients and third-party payors, and our resulting profitability and growth, will depend on a number of factors, including:

 

	·	our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy;
	·	relative convenience and ease of administration;
	·	the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects;
	·	the availability of alternative treatments;
	·	the details of FDA labeling requirements, including the scope of approved indications and any safety warnings;
	·	pricing and cost effectiveness;
	·	the effectiveness of our or our collaborators' sales and marketing strategy;
	·	our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement; and
	·	our ability to have the product listed on insurance company formularies.

 

If our proprietary drug product candidates achieve market acceptance, we may not maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are received more favorably or are more cost effective. Complications may also arise, such as development of new know-how or new medical or therapeutic capabilities by other parties that render our product obsolete.

  

Because the results of preclinical studies for our preclinical product candidates are not necessarily predictive of future results, our pharmaceutical product candidates may not have favorable results in later clinical trials or ultimately receive regulatory approval.

 

Our proprietary drug product candidates have not been tested in clinical trials. Positive results from preclinical studies are no assurance that later clinical trials will succeed. Preclinical studies are not designed to establish the clinical efficacy of our preclinical product candidates. We will be required to demonstrate through clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use before we can seek regulatory approvals for commercial sale. There is typically an extremely high rate of failure as product candidates proceed through clinical trials. If our product candidates fail to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in any clinical trial, we would experience potentially significant delays in, or be required to abandon, development of that product candidate. This would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and may damage our reputation in the industry and in the investment community.

 

 

 

 

The future clinical testing of our proprietary drug product candidates could be delayed, resulting in increased costs to us and a delay in our ability to generate revenues.

 

Our proprietary drug product candidates will require additional preclinical testing and extensive clinical trials prior to submitting a regulatory application for commercial sales. We do not know whether clinical trials will begin on time, if at all. Delays in the commencement of clinical testing could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. In addition, many of the factors that may cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate. Each of these results would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.

 

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:

 

	·	demonstrating sufficient safety to obtain regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;
	·	reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective research organizations and trial sites;
	·	manufacturing sufficient quantities of a product candidate;
	·	obtaining institutional review board approvals to conduct clinical trials at prospective sites; and
	·	procuring adequate financing to fund the work.

 

In addition, the commencement of clinical trials may be delayed due to insufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. If we are unable to enroll a sufficient number of evaluable patients, the clinical trials for our product candidates could be delayed until sufficient numbers are achieved.

  

We face or will face significant competition from other biotechnology, pharmaceutical and OTC supplements companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively.

 

Most of our pharmaceutical company competitors, such as Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Amgen, and others, are large pharmaceutical companies with substantially greater financial, technical, and human resources than we have. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. The drugs that we are attempting to develop will compete with existing therapies if we receive marketing approval. Because of their significant resources, our competitors may be able to use discovery technologies and techniques, or partnerships with collaborators, to develop competing products that are more effective or less costly than the product candidate we are developing. This may render our technology or product candidate obsolete and noncompetitive. Academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private research organizations may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.

 

Our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA or other regulatory approvals for product candidates more rapidly than us. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before we do may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any approved drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with our competitors' existing or future products.

 

We also face competition in our OTC supplements business. The business of marketing OTC supplements is highly competitive. This market segment includes numerous manufacturers, marketers, and retailers that actively compete for the business of consumers both in the United States and abroad. The market is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products, which may rapidly capture a significant share of the market. Sales of similar products by competitors may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

 

 

 

The market for our potential Covid-19 treatment in development could be adversely affected if the Covid-19 disease outbreak subsides.

 

Disease outbreaks are unpredictable. In the event that the Covid-19 outbreak subsides, or Covid-19 is substantially eradicated, there may be reduced demand or need for our potential Covid-19 treatment in development, which may have a negative effect on the market for such treatment, even if it is approved.

 

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted worldwide economic conditions and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business. 

 

While we have been able to continue to operate, the global Covid-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in supply chains, affecting production and sales across a range of industries. While the disruptions are currently expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the duration and the impact of these disruptions.

 

The extent of the impact of Covid-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on the on-going and future impact on our customers, vendors, service providers, and availability of labor as well as the potential impact of future expanded local, state, or federal restrictions – all of which are uncertain and are difficult to predict. 

 

Because our proprietary drug product candidates and our development and collaboration efforts depend on our intellectual property rights, adverse events affecting our intellectual property rights will harm our ability to commercialize products.

 

Our success will depend to a large degree on our own and our licensors’ ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the application of such technologies. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and technical questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that will be allowed or maintained, after challenge, in our or other companies' patents.

 

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

 

	·	we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications;
	·	we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;
	·	others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;
	·	any patents issued to us or our collaborators will provide a basis for commercially viable products, will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;
	·	our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;
	·	we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
	·	the patents of others will not have a negative effect on our ability to do business; or
	·	our issued patents will have sufficient useful life remaining for commercial viability of our product candidate.

 

If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information will be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we have developed or licensed relies on inventions developed using U.S. and other governments’ resources. Under applicable law, the U.S. government has the right to require us to grant a nonexclusive, partially exclusive or exclusive license for such technology to a responsible applicant or applicants, upon terms that are reasonable under the circumstances, if the government determines that such action is necessary.

 

 

 

 

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information and may not adequately protect our intellectual property.

 

We rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, particularly when we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information nor result in the effective assignment to us of intellectual property and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or other breaches of the agreements. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such case we could not assert any trade secret rights against such party. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to seek to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

  

The implementation of our business plan may result in a period of rapid growth that will impose a significant burden on our current administrative and operational resources.

 

Our ability to effectively manage our growth will require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our administrative and operational resources by attracting, training, managing, and retaining additional qualified personnel, including additional members of management, technicians, and others. To successfully develop our products, we will need to manage operating, producing, marketing and selling our products. There can be no assurances that we will be able to do so. Our failure to successfully manage our growth will have a negative impact on our anticipated results of operations.

 

A significant or prolonged economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the disposable income of many consumers and may lower demand for our OTC supplement products. Any decline in economic conditions could negatively impact our business. A significant decline in consumer demand, even if only due in part to general economic conditions, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins.

 

The failure of our service providers and suppliers to supply quality services and materials in sufficient quantities, at a favorable price, and in a timely fashion could adversely affect the results of our operations.

 

Our outside manufacturer buys raw materials for our OTC supplements business from a limited number of suppliers. The loss of any of our major suppliers or of any supplier who, through our contract manufacturer, provides us materials that are hard to obtain elsewhere at the same quality could adversely affect our business operations. Although we believe we could establish alternate manufacturers and sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other sources could result in shortages of products we manufacture from such raw materials, with a resulting loss of sales and customers. In certain situations, we may need to alter our products or with our customer’s consent to substitute different materials from alternative sources.

 

A shortage of raw materials or an unexpected interruption of supply could also result in higher prices for those materials. We have experienced increases in various raw material costs, transportation costs and the cost of petroleum-based raw materials and packaging supplies used in our business. Increasing cost pricing pressures on raw materials and other products have continued throughout fiscal 2020 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and impact of Covid-19. We expect these upward pressures to continue through fiscal 2021. Although we may be able to raise our prices in response to significant increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or quickly enough to offset the negative effects such cost increases could have on our results of operations or financial condition.

 

 

 

 

There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials we need in the quantities requested or at a price we are willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production of materials including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, transportation interruptions, strikes, terrorism, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events.

 

Our OTC supplements business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues.

 

Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about us, our competitors, our products, or our industry or competitors generally. Adverse publicity may include publicity about the OTC supplements industry generally, the efficacy, safety and quality of OTC supplements and other health care products or ingredients in general or our products or ingredients specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve us or the business practices or products of our competitors, or our customers. Any adverse publicity or negative public perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if any of our products or any similar products distributed by other companies are alleged to be or are proved to be harmful to consumers or to have unanticipated and unwanted health consequences.

  

Our manufacturing and third-party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks.

 

Our OTC supplements products are manufactured at third party manufacturing facilities in Canada. As a result, we are dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Such manufacturing operations, and those of its suppliers, are subject to power failures, blackouts, border shutdowns, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, human error, breakdown, failure or substandard performance of our facilities, our equipment, the improper installation or operation of equipment, terrorism, pandemics (including Covid-19), natural or other disasters, intentional acts of violence, and the need to comply with the requirements or directives of governmental agencies, including the FDA. The occurrence of these or any other operational problems at such facilities may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Risks Related to This Offering and Our Common Stock

 

There is a limited market for our common stock, and investors may find it difficult to buy and sell our shares.

 

Our common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market since February 2022 and previously traded on the over-the-counter market. There is no assurance an active trading market for our common stock will be sustained or that we will remain eligible for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

If we are unable to continue to meet the listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock will be delisted.

 

Our common stock currently trades on Nasdaq, where it is subject to various listing requirements. On March 24, 2023, the Company received a notification letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer meets the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), requiring a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share. On September 21, 2023, the Company received another notification letter from Nasdaq advising that Nasdaq’s staff has determined that the Company is eligible for an extension of an additional 180 calendar day period, or until March 18, 2024, to cure the bid price deficiency. We have obtained shareholder approval for and intend to complete a reverse stock split prior to March 18, 2024 to regain compliance with this rule. If we are unable to achieve and maintain compliance with such listing standards or other Nasdaq listing requirements in the future, we could be subject to suspension and delisting proceedings. A delisting of our common stock and our inability to list on another national securities market could negatively impact us by: (i) reducing the liquidity and market price of our common stock; (ii) reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively impact our ability to raise equity financing; (iii) limiting our ability to use certain registration statements to offer and sell freely tradable securities, thereby limiting our ability to access the public capital markets; and (iv) impairing our ability to provide equity incentives to our employees.

 

 

 

 

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

 

We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we currently anticipate that we will retain any earnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. Investors should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividend can further affect the market value of our common stock and could significantly affect the value of any investment in the Company.

  

Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.

 

Our board of directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock are designated Series B Preferred Stock. 10,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding and held by our chief executive officer. Our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that would grant to holders of preferred stock the right to our assets upon liquidation, or the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of common stock. In addition, subject to the rules of any securities exchange on which our stock is then listed, our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.

    

The Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants will not be listed or quoted on any exchange.

 

There is no established public trading market for the Series A Warrants Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system, including Nasdaq. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

 

Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants, holders of Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants and acquire our common stock.

 

Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants, until holders of Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants acquire our common stock upon exercise of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, holders of Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants will have no rights with respect to our common stock underlying such Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants. Upon exercise of the Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of our common stock only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

 

Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute then-existing shareholders’ percentage ownership of the Company.

 

Given our plans and expectations that we will need additional capital and personnel, we anticipate that we will need to issue additional shares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance of additional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.

 

 

 

 

Provisions of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus could discourage an acquisition of us by a third-party.

 

Certain provisions of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants offered pursuant to this prospectus could make it more difficult or expensive for a third-party to acquire us. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions” unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. These and other provisions of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants could prevent or deter a third-party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.

 

The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to effect a business combination.

 

To the extent we issue shares of common stock to effect a future business combination, the potential for the issuance of a substantial number of additional shares of common stock upon exercise of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants could make us a less attractive acquisition vehicle in the eyes of a target business. Such Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock and reduce the value of the shares issued to complete the business combination. Accordingly, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may make it more difficult to effectuate a business combination or increase the cost of acquiring a target business. Additionally, the sale, or even the possibility of a sale, of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants could have an adverse effect on the market price for our securities or on our ability to obtain future financing. If and to the extent the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.

 

We will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants.

 

If we receive the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the Series A Warrants may be exercised by way of an alternative cashless exercise, meaning that the holder may not pay a cash purchase price upon exercise, but instead would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of our common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Series A Warrants. Accordingly, we will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants.

 

Certain beneficial provisions in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will not be effective until we are able to receive stockholder approval of such provisions, and if we are unable to obtain such approval the Warrant will have significantly less value.

 

Under Nasdaq listing rules, the alternative cashless exercise option in the Series A Warrants and certain anti-dilution provisions in the Series B Warrants will not be effective until, and unless, we obtain the approval of our stockholders. While we intend to promptly seek stockholder approval, there is no guarantee that the Warrant Stockholder Approval will ever be obtained. If we are unable to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the foregoing provisions will not become effective and the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will have substantially less value. In addition, we will incur substantial cost, and management will devote substantial time and attention, in attempting to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval.

 

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from this offering and may not use the proceeds effectively.

 

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that may not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

 

 

 

 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events or our future financial or operating performance. We may, in some cases, use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of those terms, and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements.

 

These forward-looking statements reflect our management’s beliefs and views with respect to future events, are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in this prospectus under “Risk Factors.” Moreover, new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

 

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable laws or regulations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the securities we are offering will be approximately $8.5 million (or approximately $9.8 million if the underwriter exercises in full its over-allotment option), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs payable by us.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, technologies, and products that are complementary to our own, although we have no current binding agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus.

 

This expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions. Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, investment grade, interest bearing instruments and U.S. government securities.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SBFM.”

 

As of February 6, 2024, there were approximately 149 holders of record of our common stock.

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023.

 

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)	--	--	3,320,988
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	--	--	--

 

(1) Represents our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We have not paid any dividends since our incorporation and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. At present, our policy is to retain earnings, if any, to develop and market our products. Our payment of dividends in the future will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and operating financial conditions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our cash and our capitalization as of September 30, 2023, on:

 

	·	an actual basis; and
	·	on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale by us of 39,215,687 Units in this offering, at the assumed public offering price of $0.255 per Unit, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

You should read this table in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2023, and the related notes thereto, included in this prospectus.

 

		As of September 30, 2023
		Actual				As adjusted
Cash and cash equivalents		$	18,846,140			$	27,296,140
Total liabilities			5,686,801				5,686,801
Stockholders’ equity:
Series B Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; 10,000 shares issued and outstanding			1,000				1,000
Common Stock, $0.001 par value: 3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 25,678,290 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 64,893,977 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted			25,678				64,894
Capital paid in excess of par value			84,387,890				92,798,674
Accumulated comprehensive income			204,549				204,549
Accumulated (deficit)			(62,655,634	)			(62,655,634	)
Total stockholders’ equity			21,963,483				30,413,483

 

The above table is based on 25,678,290 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2023, and excludes 23,395,046 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $1.94.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion highlights the principal factors that have affected our financial condition and results of operations as well as our liquidity and capital resources for the periods described. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these forward-looking statements.

 

Results of Operations

 

Comparison of results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we generated $5,957,668 in sales, compared to $132,808 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $5,824,860. The increase is attributable to sales generated by our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, which we acquired in October 2022. The direct cost for generating these sales was $3,967,412 (66.6%) for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $65,783 (49.5%) for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the cost of goods sold in 2023 is due to increased cost of manufacturing of the generic prescription drugs sold by Nora Pharma. Our gross profit grew to $1,990,256 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $67,025 for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

 

General and administrative expenses during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, were $2,769,730, compared to $1,785,005 during the three-month period ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $984,725. This increase was the result of increased overhead associated with being a Nasdaq listed company and expenses related to Nora Pharma operations. Specifically, we incurred increased costs in consulting ($58,929), office ($467,397), salaries ($549,377) and taxes ($52,586). Overall, we incurred a loss of $779,474 from our operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a loss of $1,717,980 from our operations in the three-month period ended September 30, 2022.

 

In addition, we had net interest income of $168,904 during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net interest income of approximately $260,936 during the three months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of interest earned on cash on hand.

 

As a result, we incurred a net loss of $651,482 ($0.04 per share) for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net loss of $1,457,019 ($0.08 per share) for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022.

 

Comparison of results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we generated revenues of $16,412,586, compared to revenues of $405,760 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $16,006,826. The increase is attributable to sales generated by our recently acquired wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma. The direct cost for generating these revenues was $10,641,461 (64.8%) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $200,311 (49.4%) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the cost of goods sold in 2023 is due to increased cost of manufacturing of the generic prescription drugs sold by Nora Pharma. Our gross profit increased to $5,771,125 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a gross profit of $205,449 for the same period in 2022.

 

General and administrative expenses during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, were $9,369,203 compared to $3,842,589 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $5,526,614. This increase was the result of increased overhead associated with being a Nasdaq listed company and expenses related to Nora Pharma operations. Specifically, we incurred increased costs in accounting ($63,608), consulting ($475,817), office costs ($972,328), research and development ($269,407), salaries ($3,239,801) and taxes ($212,953). Overall, we incurred a loss of $3,598,078 from our operations in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to a loss from operations of $3,637,140 in the similar period of 2022.

 

 

 

 

In addition, we had net interest income of $517,163 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net interest income of $394,118 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as a result of interest earned on cash on hand.

 

As a result, we incurred a net loss of $3,256,020 ($0.12 per share) for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net loss of $3,232,125 ($0.26 per share) for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022.

 

Comparison of Results of Operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

 

During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, we generated revenues of $4,345,603, compared to revenues of $228,426, in 2021. The increase was the result of our acquisition of Nora Pharma in October 2022, which accounted for $3,803,106 of these revenues. The cost of sales in 2022 and 2021 for generating these revenues was $2,649,028 and $117,830, respectively.

 

General and administrative expenses for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, were $28,697,325, compared to $2,550,730 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $26,146,595. The increase was largely a result of goodwill impairment of $18,326,719 and costs and expenses relating to the Nora Pharma acquisition.

 

We also incurred $39,412 in interest expense and $0 in losses from debt conversion in 2022, compared to $328,818 in interest expense and $9,726,485 in losses from debt conversion in 2021. The decrease in interest expense and losses from debt conversion in 2022 was due to our repayment of all outstanding debt in 2022.

 

As a result, we incurred a net loss of $26,511,136 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a net loss of $12,436,447 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of September 30, 2023, we had cash or cash equivalents of $18,846,140.

 

Net cash used in operating activities was $6,085,435 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $3,001,746 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022. The increase was a result of the addition of Nora Pharma’s operations.

 

Cash flows used in investing activities were $386,920 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was the result of cash invested in Nora Pharma.

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities were $3,456,106 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $41,561,363 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily as a result of one offering made during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to three offerings completed in February, March, and April 2022, and to a lesser extent due to our repurchase of a total of $540,629 in common stock in the first and third quarter of 2023.

 

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21,826,437.

 

On February 17, 2022, we completed an underwritten public offering of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $8 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the offering.

 

 

 

 

On March 14, 2022, we completed a private placement of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $8 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the private placement.

 

On April 28, 2022, we completed a private placement of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of approximately $19.5 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $16.8 million from the private placement.

 

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, we received aggregate proceeds of $13,193,177 in connection with warrant exercises.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued a total of 559,144 shares of our common stock valued at $12,705,214 for the conversion of outstanding notes payable, reducing the debt by $2,867,243 and interest payable by $127,986 and generating a loss on conversion of $9,726,485.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not sell any of our capital stock for cash; however, we entered into the following new debt arrangements:

 

	·	On January 12, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $150,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due January 12, 2023. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.30 per share. This note was converted to common stock on December 20, 2021.
	·	On January 27, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $300,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due January 27, 2023. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.50 per share. This note was converted to common stock on December 20, 2021.
	·	On February 12, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $700,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due February 12, 2023. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.60 per share. This note was converted to common stock on December 20, 2021.
	·	On April 5, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $330,000 with interest accruing at 10% per year, due January 5, 2022. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price 35% below market value. On October 13, 2021, the noteholder converted $330,000 in principal and $16,500 in accrued interest into 26,250 shares of common stock leaving a principal balance of $0. We repaid this note.
	·	On April 20, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due April 20, 2023. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.30 per share. We repaid this note following the closing of our public offering in February 2022.
	·	On July 6, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $900,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due July 6, 2023. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.30 per share. We repaid this note following the closing of our public offering in February 2022. In connection with this debt financing, we agreed to allow the lender, who is also the holder of a note dated November 25, 2020, to convert a total of $240,000 in principal into 120,000 shares of common stock leaving a principal balance of $10,000 and accrued interest of $7,750. On July 6, 2021, we paid off the remaining principal balance of this note and received forgiveness of the accrued interest.
	·	On August 18, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5% per year, due August 18, 2023. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. We repaid this note following the closing of our public offering in February 2022.

 

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities were $14,619,390 during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $0 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The reason for the increase was due to the acquisition of Nora Pharma. Net cash flows provided by financing activities were $39,465,107 in 2022 compared to $2,904,675 in 2021. The increase was primarily a result of the three (3) rounds of financing which took place in February, March, and April 2022. Net cash used in operations was $5,248,358 in 2022, compared to $1,829,128 in 2021. The reason for the increase was the acquisition of Nora Pharma.

 

We are not generating adequate revenues from our operations to fully implement our business plan as set forth herein. On February 17, 2022, we received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in an underwritten public offering. On March 14, 2022, we received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in a private placement. On April 28, 2022, we received net proceeds of approximately $16.8 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in a private placement. On May 16, 2023, we received net proceeds of approximately $4.1 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in a private placement. We believe our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our operations, including general and administrative expenses, research and development activities, and the generic pharmaceuticals sales business, for the next 18 to 24 months. There is no assurance our estimates will be accurate.

 

Management estimates that we will need additional capital in the amount of approximately $30 million for expansion of our drug development activities and generic pharmaceuticals operations, including possibly a Phase I clinical trial. Additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Currently, we do not have any committed arrangements for financing and can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing when required. No assurance can be given that we will obtain access to capital markets in the future or that financing, adequate to satisfy the cash requirements of implementing our business will be available on acceptable terms. Our inability to obtain acceptable financing could have an adverse effect upon the results of our operations and financial condition.

  

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Leases

 

We follow the guidance in ASC 842 “Accounting for Leases,” as amended, which requires us to evaluate the lease agreements we enter into to determine whether they represent operating or capital leases at the inception of the lease.

 

Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, currently occupies a 23,500 square foot facility located at 1565 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada, J3X 1P7 pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in January 2030, with an option to extend for 5 years. This site is composed of 18,500 square feet of warehouse space and 5,000 square feet of executive office space. The facility houses all administrative, marketing, quality control, regulatory affairs, and other operations personal, as well as a Health Canada licensed warehouse space. We pay a monthly rent of $27,250 CAD (approximately $19,900 USD), including taxes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

 

In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which amends the effective date of the original pronouncement for smaller reporting companies. ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company believes the adoption will modify the way the Company analyzes financial instruments, but it does not anticipate a material impact on results of operations. The Company is in the process of determining the effects adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40), (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The ASU2020-06 amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources and would be considered material to investors.

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BUSINESS

 

History

 

We were incorporated in the State of Colorado on August 31, 2006, and on October 15, 2009, we acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition.

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. held an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a (the “License Agreement”). Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, we changed our name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company.

 

In December 2015, we acquired all worldwide issued (US Patent Number 8,236,935, and 10,272,065) and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 for the Adva-27a anticancer compound and terminated the License Agreement.

 

In early 2020, we initiated a new R&D project focused on the development of a treatment for COVID-19 and on May 22, 2020, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States for the new coronavirus treatment. The patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro. On April 30, 2021, we filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro.

 

In June 2021, we initiated another R&D project in which we set out to determine if certain mRNA molecules can be used as anticancer agents. The data obtained for mRNA molecules bearing the laboratory name K1.1 became the subject of a new patent application filed in April 2022.

 

In October 2022, we acquired Nora Pharma, a Canadian generic pharmaceuticals company based in the greater Montreal area. Nora Pharma has 41 employees and operates in a 23,500 square foot facility certified by Health Canada. Nora Pharma currently sells 51 generic prescription drugs in Canada. The consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus include the results of operations of Nora Pharma and Sunshine Canada.

 

Generic Prescription Drugs on the Market

 

As a result of the acquisition of Nora Pharma we now have the following generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada:

 

Drug	Action/Indication	Reference Brand
Alendronate	Osteoporosis	Fosamax®
Amlodipine	Cardiovascular	Norvasc®
Apixaban	Cardiovascular	Eliquis®
Atorvastatin	Cardiovascular	Lipitor®
Azithromycin	Antibacterial	Zithromax®
Candesartan	Hypertension	Atacand®
Candesartan HCTZ	Hypertension	Atacand Plus®
Celecoxib	Anti-inflammatory	Celebrex®
Cetirizine	Allergy	Reactine®
Ciprofloxacin	Antibiotic	Cipro®
Citalopram	Central nervous system	Celexa®
Clindamycin	Antibiotic	Dalacin®
Clopidogrel	Cardiovascular	Plavix®
Dapagliflozin	Diabetes	Forxiga®
Donepezil	Central nervous system	Aricept®
Duloxetine	Central nervous system	Cymbalta®
Dutasteride	Urology	Avodart®

 

 

 

 

Escitalopram	Central nervous system	Cipralex®
Ezetimibe	Cardiovascular	Ezetrol®
Finasteride	Urology	Proscar®
Flecainide	Cardiovascular	Tambocor®
Fluconazole	Antifungal	Diflucan®
Fluoxetine	Central nervous system	Prozac®
Hydroxychloroquine	Antimalarial	Plaquenil®
Lacosamide	Central nervous system	Vimpat®
Letrozole	Oncology	Femara®
Levetiracetam	Central nervous system	Keppra®
Mirtazapine	Central nervous system	Remeron®
Metformin	Diabetes	Glucophage®
Montelukast	Allergy	Singulair®
Olmesartan	Cardiovascular	Olmetec®
Olmesartan HCTZ	Cardiovascular	Olmetec Plus®
Pantoprazole	Gastroenterology	Pantoloc®
Paroxetine	Central nervous system	Paxil®
Perindopril	Cardiovascular	Coversyl®
Pravastatin	Cardiovascular	Pravachol®
Pregabalin	Central nervous system	Lyrica®
Quetiapine	Central nervous system	Seroquel®
Quetiapine XR	Central nervous system	Seroquel XR®
Ramipril	Cardiovascular	Altace®
Rizatriptan ODT	Central nervous system	Maxalt® ODT
Rosuvastatin	Cardiovascular	Crestor®
Sertraline	Central nervous system	Zoloft®
Sildenafil	Urology	Viagra®
Tadalafil	Urology	Cialis®
Telmisartan	Cardiovascular	Micardis®
Telmisartan HCTZ	Cardiovascular	Micardis Plus®
Topiramate	Anticonvulsant	Topamax®
Tramadol Acetaminophen	Central nervous system	Tramacet®
Zolmitriptan	Central nervous system	Zomig®
Zopiclone	Central nervous system	Imovane®

 

Generic Prescription Drugs Pipeline

 

In addition to the 51 drugs on the market, we currently have the following roster of generic prescription drugs scheduled to be launched in 2024 and 2025:

 

Generic Drugs	Therapeutic Area(s)	Development Stage	Launch Date
Group A (2 Products)	Cardiovascular, CNS*	Under manufacturing	2024Q1
Group B (6 Products)	Oncology, Gastroenterology, CNS*	Under regulatory review	2024Q2
Group C (3 Products)	Central Nervous System, Diabetes, CNS*	Under regulatory review	2024Q3
Group D (5 Products)	Cardiovascular, Urology, Endocrinology	Under regulatory review	2024Q4
Group E (16 Products)	Cardiovascular, Oncology, Anti-infectives, Anti- inflammatory, Diabetes, Gastroenterology, CNS*	Soon to be under regulatory review	2025

 

* Central Nervous System

 

 

 

 

We believe the addition of these products to our existing portfolio will strengthen our presence in the Canadian generic drugs marketplace and provide us with greater access to pharmacies as we become more of a go-to supplier for every-day and specialty medicines.

 

Proprietary Drugs in Development

 

We are currently developing the following drug candidates:

 

Proprietary Drugs	Therapeutic Area	Development Stage	Launch Date
Adva-27a (Small Molecule)	Oncology (Pancreatic Cancer)	Paused (See below)	TBD*
K1.1 (mRNA LNP)	Oncology (Liver Cancer)	Preclinical	TBD*
SBFM-PL4 (Small Molecule)	Antiviral (COVID-19)	Preclinical	TBD*

 

* To be determined

 

Adva-27a Anticancer Drug

 

Adva-27a is a small molecule designed for the treatment of aggressive forms of cancer. A Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Adva-27a has been shown to be effective at destroying Multidrug Resistant Cancer cells including Pancreatic Cancer cells, Breast Cancer cells, Small-Cell Lung Cancer cells and Uterine Sarcoma cells (Published in ANTICANCER RESEARCH, Volume 32, Pages 4423-4432, October 2012). We are the direct owner of all patents pertaining to Adva-27a including U.S. Patents Number 8,236,935 and 10,272,065.

 

In December 2022, we entered into a research agreement with the Jewish General Hospital (“JGH”), to conduct the IND-enabling studies of Adva-27a (the “Research Agreement”). In August 2023, we were informed by the JGH that the lab results on testing of the Adva-27a molecule were not favorable. After conclusion of an internal review of the lab results on November 2, 2023, we provided notice to JGH of termination of the Research Agreement. We have now paused the IND-enabling studies of Adva-27a pending a review of the possibility of chemical modification of the compound to address the suboptimal performance of the molecule in certain studies.

 

K1.1 Anticancer mRNA

 

In June 2021, we initiated a new research project in which we set out to determine if certain mRNA molecules can be used as anti-cancer agents. The data collected to date have shown that a selected group of mRNA molecules are capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro including multidrug resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MDR), ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (OVCAR-3), and pancreatic cancer cells (SUIT-2). Studies using non-transformed (normal) human cells (HMEC cells) showed that these mRNA molecules had little cytotoxic effects. These new mRNA molecules, bearing the laboratory name K1.1, are readily adaptable for delivery into patients using the mRNA vaccine technology. In April 2022, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering the subject mRNA molecules.

 

We recently concluded an agreement with a specialized partner for the purposes of formulating our K1.1 mRNA molecules into lipid nanoparticles, ready for use to conduct studies in xenograft mice. Such xenograft, and other, studies are currently underway.

 

SBFM-PL4 Coronavirus Treatment

 

The initial genome expression products following infection by Betacoronavirus, the causative agent of COVID-19, are two large polyproteins, referred to as pp1a and pp1ab. These two polyproteins are cleaved at 15 specific sites by two virus encoded proteases, called Mpro and PLpro, to generate 16 different non-structural proteins essential for viral replication. Mpro and PLpro represent attractive anti-viral drug development targets as they play a central role in the early stages of viral replication. PLpro is of particular interest as a therapeutic target in that, in addition to processing essential viral proteins, it is also responsible for suppression of the human immune system making the virus more life-threatening. PLpro is present only in Betacoronaviruses, the subgroup of Coronaviruses represented by the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.

 

 

 

 

Our Anti-Coronavirus research effort has been focused on developing an inhibitor of PLpro and, on May 22, 2020, we filed a patent application in the United States covering composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the Coronavirus PLpro as well as Mpro.

 

In February 2022, we expanded our PLpro inhibitors research effort by entering into a research agreement with the University of Arizona for the purposes of conducting research focused on determining the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and dose selection properties of three University of Arizona owned PLpro inhibitors, to be followed by efficacy testing in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the “Research Project”). Under the agreement, the University of Arizona granted the Company a first option to negotiate a commercial, royalty-bearing license for all intellectual property developed by University of Arizona under the Research Project. In addition, the Company and the University of Arizona entered into an option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) whereby the Company was granted a first option to negotiate a royalty-bearing commercial license for the underlying technology of the Research Project. On September 13, 2022, we exercised our options, and on February 24, 2023, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with the University of Arizona for all of the technology related to the Research Project.

 

We have recently expanded our objective to include the development of an injectable candidate of first-in-class PLpro inhibitor to treat SARS-CoV2 and potentially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection in patients who could not use Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, or Remdesivir, due to concerns about drug interaction and possible ‘rebound’ infections and other side effects.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We are the sole owner of all worldwide rights pertaining to Adva-27a. These patent rights are covered by PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029. The patent applications filed under these two PCT's have been issued in the United States (US Patent Number 8,236,935 and 10,272,065), Europe, and Canada.

 

On May 22, 2020, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. Our patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, we filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020, has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

 

On April 20, 2022, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering mRNA molecules capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro. The patent application contains composition and utility subject matter pertaining to the structure and sequence of the relevant mRNA molecules.

 

Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, owns 180 Drug Identification Numbers (“DIN’s”) issued by Health Canada for prescription drugs currently on the market in Canada. These DIN’s were secured through in-licenses or cross-licenses from international manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products.

 

In addition, we are the owner of two Natural Product Numbers (“NPN’s”) issued by Health Canada: NPN 80089663 authorizes us to manufacture and sell our in-house developed OTC product, Essential 9™, and NPN 80093432 authorizes us to manufacture and sell the OTC product, Calcium-Vitamin D under the brand name Essential Calcium-Vitamin D™. 

 

Manufacturing

 

Our generic drugs are manufactured by several different international partners under long-term contracts.

 

We currently do not have any proprietary drugs on the market. Research quantities of our proprietary drug candidates are currently manufactured at the University of Arizona located in Tucson, Arizona (Anti-Coronavirus compounds), WuXi App Tech located in Hong Kong, China (Adva-27a compound), and Arranta Bio MA LLC located in Watertown, Massachusetts (K1.1 mRNA).

 

Our OTC products are manufactured under contract by INOV Pharma Inc. located in Montreal, Canada.

 

 

 

 

Marketing and Sales

 

Our generic drugs are currently being sold across Canada. All of our generic drug sales are conducted by Nora Pharma’s sales representatives based in key Provinces across Canada. In addition, a segment of our marketing team offers human resources and commercial assistance to pharmacies and pharmacy owners by providing experienced pharmacists and technical assistant recruitment services as well as training and education support.

 

Our OTC products are currently sold in the U.S. and Canada through Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, respectively. Our personnel together with outside consultants develop and place ads on Google, YouTube, Amazon, and other media outlets. The same team manages our accounts with Amazon.

 

Government Regulations

 

All of our business operations, including our generic drugs, proprietary drugs, and OTC products operations, are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations.

 

In the United States, the Federal Government agency responsible for regulating prescription drugs and nonprescription OTC supplements is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Canadian counterpart to the FDA is Health Canada. Though the FDA and Health Canada have generally similar requirements for drugs and OTC supplements to be approved or allowed to be marketed, approval in one jurisdiction does not automatically result in approval in the other. In Canada, prescription drugs and nonprescription OTC supplements are authorized through the issuance by Health Canada of a Drug Identification Number (DIN) for the former and a Natural Product Number (NPN) for the latter. In the United States, the marketing of OTC supplements does not require prior approval from the FDA, provided that the ingredients are known to the FDA. In both the U.S. and Canada, the ingredients, manufacturing processes and facilities for all drugs and OTC supplements must meet the guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”). Moreover, all drug manufacturers must perform a series of tests, both during and after production, to show that every drug or supplement batch made meets the regulatory requirements for that product.

 

Our generic prescription medicines are produced following the same Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines as for brand-name drugs. Prescription drugs dossiers are filed with Health Canada in order to obtain a manufacturing Notice of Compliance (NOC) and a Drug Identification Number (DIN). The same grant the applicant marketing authorization in Canada. In the case of Nora Pharma’s products, Nora Pharma secures cross-licenses from supply partners holding NOC’s and in turn applies to Health Canada to obtain DIN’s issued in Nora Pharma’s name in order to commercialize in Canada. In Canada, the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), an alliance of the provincial, territorial and federal governments that collaborates on a range of public drug plan initiatives to increase and manage access to clinically effective and affordable drug treatments, determines generic drugs pricing based on a percentage of the brand-name reference products.

 

In the area of proprietary drug development where our Anti-Coronavirus and Anti-Cancer compounds fall, we will be subject to significant regulations in the U.S. in order to obtain approval of the FDA to offer our products for sale. The approximate procedure for obtaining FDA approval involves an initial filing of an IND application following which the FDA would review and allow for the drug developer to proceed with Phase I clinical trials. Following completion of Phase I, the results are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase II. Similarly, following completion of Phase II the data are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase III. Following completion of Phase III, a new drug application, or NDA is submitted and a request is made for marketing approval. Depending on various issues and considerations, the FDA could provide “emergency use authorization” or limited approval for “compassionate-use” if the drug treats terminally ill patients with limited other treatment options available. As of the date of the filing of this prospectus, we have not made any filings with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions. We anticipate filing an initial IND application for an anti-Covid-19 compound within approximately one year and filing an initial IND for our anti-cancer compound within approximately two years. We have however had discussions with clinicians and as a result we believe that the FDA and Health Canada are likely to grant us a so-called “fast-track” process on the basis of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and the terminal nature of the cancer type we are planning to treat. There are no assurances this will occur.

 

 

 

 

In connection with OTC supplements, the FDA regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution, and sale of such products, while the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regulates marketing and advertising claims. In August 2007, a rule issued by the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute or hold OTC supplements to meet certain GMP requirements to ensure such products are of the quality specified and are properly packaged and labeled. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA and the FTC and we believe we are currently operating within both the FDA and FTC mandates.

  

Employees

 

As of the date of this prospectus we have a total of 46 employees, composed of our management team (5) and employees of Nora Pharma (41).

 

Presently, our proprietary drug development activities are subcontracted out to specialized service providers in the U.S. and Canada. We also use consultants for various other activities including legal, marketing, accounting, and IT.

 

Labors laws in Quebec provide for certain guaranteed minimum entitlements, including minimum wages, maternity leave, medical leave, employee termination conditions, etc. Moreover, the Province of Quebec has various language laws governing language use. These laws require corporate operations carried out in the Province of Quebec to be conducted to a large extent, and some cases entirely, in French. We and our Canadian subsidiaries operating in the Province of Quebec are fully compliant with these laws.

 

Competition

 

The Canadian generic pharmaceuticals market is valued at approximately $7.2 billion CAD (approximately $5.3 billion USD). Generic pharmaceutical companies produce and deliver more than 70% of the prescribed medicines with high quality at affordable prices. There are more than 35 active generic players in the market, of which, the top 3 hold approximately 50% share of the market. Nora Pharma is relatively new in this space but has demonstrated one of the fastest year-over-year sales increase amongst its peers.

 

Our Anti-Coronavirus drug development project is in direct competition with several companies in the U.S. that have developed effective vaccines or treatment options for Covid-19. The companies focused on treatments include Pfizer, Merck, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and Regeneron. Today two leading vaccines (Pfizer’s, and Moderna’s) and two antibody treatments (Regeneron’s, and Eli Lilly’s) are in use. Gilead’s Remdesivir, an antiviral injectable, was approved by the FDA for treatment of Covid-19 in October 2020. In addition, in December 2021, Pfizer received Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”), for its antiviral pill, Paxlovid, and, in the same month, the FDA granted Merck EUA for its antiviral pill, Molnupiravir. While the approved vaccines, pills and injectable treatments are effective, we believe that additional treatment options such as the one we are developing which targets a different part of the virus could potentially form an important component of the range of anti-coronavirus treatment options available to attending physicians.

 

In the area of anticancer drug development, we compete with large publicly and privately held companies engaged in developing new cancer therapies. There are numerous other entities engaged in oncology therapeutics development that have greater resources than the resources presently available to us. Nearly all major pharmaceutical companies including Merck, Amgen, Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis, to name a few, have on-going anticancer drug development programs and some of the drugs they may develop could be in direct competition with our own. In addition, a number of smaller companies are working in the area of cancer therapy and could develop drugs that may be in competition with ours.

 

Similarly, our OTC products fall directly within a very crowded and highly competitive product sector. As of the date of this prospectus, we believe Essential 9™ is the only Essential Amino Acid product that comprises all 9 essential amino acids in capsule form. We believe this may provide us with a competitive advantage, at least for the near future but there are no assurances that this will occur.

 

 

 

 

Properties

 

Our principal place of business is located at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036, pursuant to a month-to-month arrangement and a pay-per-use plan. Our minimum monthly rent is $289.00.

 

Our wholly owned subsidiary, Nora Pharma, currently occupies a 23,500 square foot facility located at 1565 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada, J3X 1P7 pursuant to a lease agreement that expires in January 2030, with an option to extend for 5 years. This site is composed of 18,500 square feet of warehouse space and 5,000 square feet of executive office space. The facility houses all administrative, marketing, quality control, regulatory affairs, and other operations personal, as well as a Health Canada licensed warehouse space. We pay a monthly rent of $27,250 CAD (approximately $19,900 USD), including taxes.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are not party to, and our property is not the subject of, any material legal proceedings.

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The following table and biographical summaries set forth information, including principal occupation and business experience about our directors and executive officers:

 

Name		Age		Position(s)
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty		71		President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki		59		Chief Science Officer and Director
Camille Sebaaly		62		Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Dr. Rabi Kiderchah		51		Director
David Natan		70		Director
Dr. Andrew Keller		70		Director
Malek Chamoun		39		Chief Development Officer and President of Nora Pharma Inc.
Marc Beaudoin		57		Chief Operating Officer

 

Dr. Steve N. Slilaty was appointed as our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors on October 15, 2009. Dr. Slilaty is an accomplished scientist and business executive. His scientific publications are widely cited. Sunshine Biopharma is the third in a line of biotechnology companies that Dr. Slilaty founded and managed. The first, Quantum Biotechnologies Inc. later known as Qbiogene Inc., was founded in 1991 and is now a member of a family of companies owned by MP Biomedicals, one of the largest international suppliers of biotechnology reagents and other research products. The second company which Dr. Slilaty founded, Genomics One Corporation, conducted an initial public offering of its capital stock in 1999 and, on the basis of its ownership of Dr. Slilaty’s patented TrueBlue Technology, Genomics One became one of the key participants in the Human Genome Project and reached a market capitalization of $1 billion in 2000. Formerly, Dr. Slilaty was a research team leader at the Biotechnology Research Institute (Montreal), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. Dr. Slilaty is one of the pioneers of Gene Therapy having developed the first gene delivery system applicable to humans in 1983 [Science 220: 725-727 (1983)]. Dr. Slilaty's other distinguished scientific career accomplishment was the discovery of a new class of enzymes, the S24 Family of Proteases (IUBMB Enzyme: EC 3.4.21.88) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84: 3987-3991 (1987)]. In addition, Dr. Slilaty (i) developed the first site-directed mutagenesis system applicable to double-stranded DNA [Analyt. Biochem. 185: 194-200 (1990)], (ii) cloned the gene for the first yeast-lytic enzyme (lytic b-1,3-glucanase) [J. Biol. Chem. 266: 1058-1063 (1991)], (iii) developed a new molecular strategy for increasing the rate of enzyme reactions [Protein Engineering 4: 919-922 (1991)], and (iv) constructed a powerful new cloning system for genomic sequencing (TrueBlue® Technology) [Gene 213: 83-91 (1998)]. Most recently, Dr. Slilaty, in collaboration with Institut National des Sciences Appliquée (France), State University of New York at Binghamton (USA) and École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal (Canada), designed, patented, and advanced the development the first, and currently the only known anticancer compound (Adva-27a) capable of destroying multidrug resistant cancer cells [Anticancer Res. 32: 4423 (2011) and US Patent Numbers: 8,236,935 and 10,272,065]. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty is the author of 18 original research papers and 10 issued and pending. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty received his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology from the University of Arizona in 1983 and Bachelor of Science degree in Genetics and Biochemistry from Cornell University in 1976. Dr. Slilaty has received research grants from the NIH and NSF and he is the recipient of the 1981 University of Arizona Foundation award for Meritorious Performance in Teaching. Dr. Slilaty’s scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

 

 

 

 

Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki has served as a director since February 2016 and as chief science officer since January 2024. He served as chief operating officer from February 2016 to January 2024. In addition to his positions with our Company since January 2016 he has been self-employed as a consultant in the fields of biotechnology and pharmacology. From July 2007 through December 2016, Dr. Merzouki worked at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, where he taught and acted as a senior scientist involved in the research and development of plasmid and siRNA-based therapies. Dr. Merzouki is a molecular biologist and an immunologist with extensive experience in the area of gene therapy where he performed several preclinical studies for pharmaceutical companies involving the use of adenoviral vectors for cancer therapy and plasmid vectors for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. Dr. Merzouki also has extensive expertise in the design of expression vectors, and production and purification of recombinant proteins. He developed technologies for production of biogeneric therapeutic proteins for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Dr. Merzouki obtained his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Institut Armand-Frappier in Quebec and received his post-doctoral training at the University of British Columbia and the BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS research. Dr. Merzouki has over 30 publications and 70 communications in various, highly respected scientific journals in the field of cellular and molecular biology. Dr. Merzouki’s scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

  

Camille Sebaaly was appointed as our chief financial officer, secretary and a director of our Company on October 15, 2009. He resigned as a director of the Company in October 2021. Since 2001, Mr. Sebaaly has been self-employed as a business consultant, primarily in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical sectors. He held a number of senior executive positions in various areas including financial management, business development, project management and finance. As an executive and an entrepreneur, he combines expertise in strategic planning and finance with strong skills in business development and deal structure and negotiations. In addition, Mr. Sebaaly worked in operations, general management, investor relations, marketing and business development with emphasis on international business and marketing of advanced technologies including hydrogen generation and energy saving. In the area of marketing, Mr. Sebaaly has evaluated market demands and opportunities, created strategic marketing and business development plans, designed marketing communications and launched market penetration programs. Mr. Sebaaly graduated from State University of New York at Buffalo with an Electrical and Computer Engineering Degree in 1987.

 

Dr. Rabi Kiderchah has served as a director of the Company since October 2021. Dr. Kiderchah is a licensed physician in Canada. From 2000 until August 2021, he was working at Argenteuil Hospital, Lachute, Quebec, Canada, as an emergency room physician. He has also worked as what is referred to in Canada as a “medecins depanneurs”, working in rural areas where there are not enough ER doctors. Since August 2011 he has worked at Rabi Kiderchah Medecin Inc. as a freelance physician in the Quebec, Canada area. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1994 and an MD degree in 1998 from the University of Montreal. Dr. Kiderchah’s medical and scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

 

David Natan has served as a director of the Company since February 2022. He currently serves as CEO of Natan & Associates, LLC, a consulting firm offering CFO services to public and private companies since 2007. From February 2010 to May 2020, Mr. Natan served as CEO of ForceField Energy, Inc. (OTCMKTS: FNRG), a company focused on LED lighting products. From February 2002 to November 2007, Mr. Natan served as CFO of PharmaNet Development Group, Inc., a drug development company, and, from June 1995 to February 2002, as CFO and VP of Global Technovations, Inc., a manufacturer and marketer of speaker components. Prior to that, Mr. Natan served in various roles with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From April 2020 through June 2023, Mr. Natan was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Airborne Motorworks, Inc., Spokane, WA, a privately-held aerospace transportation company. Mr. Natan currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Audit Committee of NetBrands, Inc. (OTC: NBND), a distributor of snack products, since February 2021; and serves as a member of the Board of Directors and Chair of the Audit Committee of Titan Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: TTNP) a pharmaceutical company, since August 2022. Additionally, in November 2023, Mr. Natan was appointed to the board of Directors and Audit Committee Chair of Minim Inc. (NASDAQ: MINM). Mr. Natan holds a B.A. in Economics from Boston University. Mr. Natan’s experience as a business executive and as a director and chairperson of audit committees for public companies qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

 

 

 

 

Dr. Andrew M. Keller has served as a director of the Company since February 2022. From 2016 through November 2019, Dr. Keller was the Chief Medical Officer at the Western Connecticut Medical Group, Bethel CT, a multispecialty organization. He was employed by this group beginning in 1989, and in 2003 became Chief – Section of Cardiovascular Diseases. In 2014 he was appointed Chief Medical Informatics Officer. Previously, Dr. Keller was an Assistant Professor of Medicine/Radiology at Columbia University, The College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY. Dr. Keller retired as a practicing physician in 2019. Upon his retirement as a practicing physician Dr. Keller enrolled as a full time student at Quinnipiac University College of Law, where he graduated with a Juris Doctor degree in 2023. In July 2023, Dr. Keller passed the Bar exam and was admitted to practice law in the State of Connecticut in November 2023. Since November 2023 he has been employed at the Law Office of Robin P. Keller LLC, Norwalk, CT advocating for the educational needs of disabled children with medically complex diagnoses. Dr. Keller received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1979 from The Ohio State University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics, Magna Cum Laude from Ithaca College in 1975. Dr. Keller’s medical, scientific and legal knowledge and experience qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

 

Malek Chamoun was appointed as our Chief Development Officer in January 2024. In addition, he is President of Nora Pharma, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary that we acquired in October 2022. In 2017 he founded Nora Pharma, where he has been the President and CEO since inception. Mr. Chamoun received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from Hautes Études Commerciales, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 2008 and became a licensed CPA in Canada in 2012. He devotes all of his business time to Nora Pharma’s affairs.

 

Marc Beaudoin was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer in January 2024. Mr. Beaudoin was the sole owner of M.A. Beaudoin Consulting Group Inc., a privately held business strategy consulting company in the Canadian pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical sectors since 2016. From January 2018 through February 2019, he was employed by the KDA Group, Inc., a publicly held Canadian healthcare company, as the COO of KDA Group and CEO of its Canadian generic pharmaceutical division, Pharapar. From 2006 to 2016, he held several executive positions at Sandoz Canada in various areas including Marketing and Communications, Strategic Planning, Business Development & Portfolio Management. As an executive and an entrepreneur, he combines expertise in strategic planning with operational and commercial execution. Mr. Beaudoin obtained his MBA from Sherbrooke University in 2018. He also holds multiple certifications (including a fellowship) from the Association for Supply Chain Management.

 

Board of Directors Term of Office

 

Directors are elected at our annual meeting of shareholders and serve for one year until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors are elected and qualified.

 

Director Independence

 

Our independent directors consist of Dr. Kidershah, Mr. Natan and Dr. Keller.

 

Committees of our Board of Directors

 

The Company has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a corporate governance and nominating committee of our board of directors, each of which is comprised of each of our independent directors.

   

No Family Relationships

 

There is no family relationship between any director and executive officer or among any directors or executive officers.

  

 

 

 

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

 

Our directors and executive officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:

 

	1.	any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;
	2.	any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);

 

	3.	being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities;
	4.	being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the SEC or the CFTC to have violated a Federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
	5.	being subject of, or a party to, any Federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any Federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
	6.	being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.

  

Code of Ethics

 

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer. Our Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com.

  

Executive Compensation

 

The following table sets forth compensation information for services rendered by our executive officers in all capacities during the last two completed fiscal years.

 

Name and Principal Position		Year		Salary ($)		Bonus ($)		Stock Awards ($)		All Other Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty		2022		360,000		10,000		–		–		370,000
Chief Executive Officer and Director		2023		378,000		182,000		–		–		560,000
Camille Sebaaly		2022		300,000		630,000		–		–		930,000
Chief Financial Officer		2023		300,000		420,000		–		–		720,000
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki		2022		240,000		245,000		–		–		485,000
Chief Operating Officer and Director		2023		240,000		–		–		–		240,000

 

 

 

 

Employment Agreements

 

On April 8, 2022, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Slilaty will continue to serve as our CEO and will be paid a base annual salary of $360,000 (which will increase annually at the rate of the Consumer Price Index or 5%, whichever is higher). The employment agreement has a term of four years and will renew automatically for a term of an additional three years. In the event the employment agreement is terminated by the Company without cause, the Company will pay Dr. Slilaty $10 million. Upon expiration of the employment agreement, the Company will pay Dr. Slilaty $2 million.

 

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2023 Fiscal Year-End

 

We did not have any outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2023.

 

Director Compensation

 

The following table sets forth compensation we paid to our directors during the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

Name		Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards		Option Awards		All Other Compensation		Total ($)
Dr. Rabi Kiderchah		80,000		–		–		–		80,000
Mr. David Natan		80,000		–		–		–		80,000
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki		80,000		–		–		–		80,000
Dr. Andrew Keller		80,000		–		–		–		80,000
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty		80,000		–		–		–		80,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS

 

A note payable dated December 31, 2019, held by our chief executive officer, having a face value of $128,269 and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2020, we renewed the note together with accrued interest of $15,392 for a 12-month period. The new note had a face value of $143,661, accrued interest at 12% per year, and had a maturity date of December 31, 2021. On August 24, 2021, we paid off the entire principal balance of this note, together with accrued interest of $12,929 by making a cash payment of $156,590.

 

On February 22, 2022, we redeemed 990,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by Dr. Steve Slilaty, our CEO, at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

 

On February 8, 2024, the Company issued and sold 20,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Dr. Steve Slilaty for a purchase price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of common stock as of February 8, 2024, by (i) each of our directors, (ii) each of our executive officers, (iii) all of our directors and executive officers as a group, and (iv) any person or group as those terms are used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, believed by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power. The percentages listed are based upon 28,024,290 common shares issued and outstanding and 30,000 Series B Preferred shares outstanding as of February 8, 2024. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each holder is c/o Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036.

 

Title of Class		Name and Address of Beneficial Owner		Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership				Percent of  Class
Common		Dr. Steve N. Slilaty(1)			3,821,024	(3)			13.7%
Preferred					30,000	(2)			100%
Common		Camille Sebaaly(1)			174,465				*
Common		Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki(1)			116,720				*
Common		Dr. Andrew Keller(1)			0				*
Common		David Natan(1)			0				*
Common		Dr. Rabi Kiderchah(1)			1,625				*
Common		Malek Chamoun(1)			3,700,000	(3)			13.2%
Common		Marc Beaudoin(1)			0				*
Common		All Officers and Directors as Group (8 persons):			4,113,834	(2)(3)			14.7%

___________________

* Less than 1%.

 

	(1)	Officer and/or director of our Company.
	(2)	Includes 30,000 shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to 1,000 votes.
	(3)	Includes 3,700,000 common shares owned by Malek Chamoun, the President of Nora Pharma Inc., a company acquired by the Company in October 2022. Dr. Slilaty controls the voting of Mr. Chamoun’s shares through a voting agreement between Mr. Chamoun and Dr. Slilaty dated October 20, 2022.

 

 

 

 

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

General

 

Our authorized capital stock consists of 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share. 1,000,000 shares of our preferred stock are designated as Series B Preferred Stock.

 

As of February 8, 2024, there were 28,024,290 shares of our common stock, outstanding, which does not include:

 

	·	23,395,046 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $1.94; and
	·	30,000 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, which are not convertible into common stock.

 

Common Stock

 

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights. Therefore, holders of a majority of the voting power of our stockholders for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Holders of one-third of the voting power of the Company’s stockholders, outstanding and entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders. A vote by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Company’s stockholders is required to effectuate certain fundamental corporate changes such as liquidation, merger or an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation.

 

Holders of our common stock are entitled to share in all dividends that the board of directors, in its discretion, declares from legally available funds. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each outstanding share entitles its holder to participate pro rata in all assets that remain after payment of liabilities and after providing for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock. The Company’s common stock has no pre-emptive rights, no conversion rights and there are no withdrawal provisions applicable to the Company’s common stock. 

  

Pre-Funded Warrants to be issued in this offering

 

The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by the provisions of, the Pre-Funded Warrant. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-Funded Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants.

 

The term “pre-funded” refers to the fact that the purchase price of our common stock in this offering includes almost the entire exercise price that will be paid under the Pre-Funded Warrants, except for a nominal remaining exercise price of $0.001. The purpose of the Pre-Funded Warrants is to enable investors that may have restrictions on their ability to beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to make an investment in the Company without triggering their ownership restrictions, by receiving Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of our common stock which would result in such ownership of more than 4.99% (or 9.99%), and receive the ability to exercise their option to purchase the shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants at such nominal price at a later date.

 

Duration. The Pre-Funded Warrants offered hereby will entitle the holders thereof to purchase our shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per share, commencing immediately on the date of issuance. There is no expiration date for the Pre-Funded Warrants.

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of our shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage (up to 9.99%), provided that any increase will not be effective until the 61st day after such election. It is the responsibility of the holder to determine whether any exercise would exceed the exercise limitation.

 

Exercise Price. The Pre-Funded Warrants will have an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our shareholders.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the Pre-Funded Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

 

Absence of Trading Market. There is no established trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

 

Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation, merger, amalgamation or arrangement with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holder will have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of us if we are the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares for which the Pre-Funded Warrant was exercisable immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. The holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants may also require us to purchase the Pre-Funded Warrants from the holders by paying to each holder an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants on the date of the fundamental transaction.

 

No Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our shares of common stock, the holder of Pre-Funded Warrants does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Pre-Funded Warrant.

  

Warrant Stockholder Approval

 

Under Nasdaq listing rules, the alternative cashless exercise option (described below) in the Series A Warrants, certain anti-dilution provisions in the Series B Warrants (described below), and the reverse stock split provision in both Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants (each described below) will not be effective until, and unless, we obtain the approval of our stockholders. While we intend to promptly seek stockholder approval, there is no guarantee that the Warrant Stockholder Approval will ever be obtained. If we are unable to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the foregoing provisions will not become effective and the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will have substantially less value. In addition, we will incur substantial cost, and management will devote substantial time and attention, in attempting to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval.

 

Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants to be issued in this offering

 

The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants included in the Units and Pre-offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by the provisions of the forms of Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant, which are filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth in the forms of Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant.

 

Exercisability. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants are exercisable immediately and at any time up to the date that is two-and-a-half years (with respect to the Series A Warrants) or five years (with respect to the Series B Warrants) after their original issuance. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants under the Securities Act is not effective, the holder may elect to exercise the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the warrant. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.

 

 

 

 

On or after receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval, a holder may also effect an “alternative cashless exercise” at any time while the Series A Warrants are outstanding. In such event, the aggregate number of shares issuable in such alternative cashless exercise will be equal to the number of Series A Warrants being exercised multiplied by two.

 

Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be effective until 61 days following notice from the holder to us.

 

Exercise Price. The exercise price per whole share of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants is $3.825, and the exercise price per whole share of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants is $4.335. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.

 

Subsequent Financing. In addition, conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval, and subject to certain exemptions, if we sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any option to purchase, or sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any shares of common stock, at an effective price per share less than the exercise price of the Series B Warrants then in effect, the exercise price of the Series B Warrants will be reduced to such price (subject to a floor of $[*] prior to the Warrant Stockholder Approval), and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate exercise price will remain unchanged.

 

Reverse Stock Split. Conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval, if at any time on or after the date of issuance there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving our common stock and the lowest daily volume weighted average price during the period commencing five consecutive trading days immediately preceding and the five consecutive trading days immediately following such event is less than the exercise price of the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants then in effect, then the exercise price of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be reduced to the lowest daily volume weighted average price during such period and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate price will remain unchanged.

 

Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

 

Warrant Agent. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be issued in registered form under a warrant agency agreement between Equiniti Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will initially be represented only by one or more global warrants deposited with the warrant agent, as custodian on behalf of The Depository Trust Company (DTC) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC.

 

Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, the holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. The holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants may also require us to purchase the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants from the holders by paying to each holder an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants on the date of the fundamental transaction.

 

 

 

 

Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder of a Series A Warrants or Series B Warrants does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Series A Warrant or Series B Warrants.

 

Governing Law. The Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and the warrant agency agreement are governed by New York law.

 

Reverse Stock Split. The Company shall effect a reverse stock split within seven (7) business days after the date that is the earlier of the date on which (x) the first meeting of stockholders to obtain Warrant Stockholder Approval is held or (y) the items to be approved under the Warrant Stockholder Approval have been approved in accordance with the applicable laws and corporate governing documents of the Company (the “First Reverse Split Date”). No reverse stock split shall be effectuated before the First Reverse Split Date, except if the consent has been obtained from a purchasers of the majority of the Units.

 

Blank Check Preferred Stock

 

Our articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share, in one or more series, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further vote or action by the stockholders. Each such series of preferred stock shall have such number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by our board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights.

 

Series B Preferred Stock

 

1,000,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock have been designated Series B Preferred Stock. 30,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding and held by our chief executive officer, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty.

 

The Series B Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock entitles the holder to 1,000 votes.

 

Upon any liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to a payment equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share, prior to any payments being made with respect to the common stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company and is entitled to dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors in its sole discretion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UNDERWRITING

 

Aegis Capital Corp., or Aegis, is acting as the underwriter of the offering. We have entered into an underwriting agreement dated                , 2024 with the underwriter. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter has agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of Units including a share of common stock, and the number of Units including a Pre-Funded Warrants, listed next to its name in the following table:

 

Underwriter		Number of Units including Common Stock		Number of Units including Pre-Funded Warrant
Aegis Capital Corp.				-
Total

 

The underwriter is committed to purchase all the Units offered by us, other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below, if they purchase any Units. The obligations of the underwriter may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the underwriting agreement. Furthermore, pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the underwriter’s obligations are subject to customary conditions, representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, such as receipt by the underwriter of officers’ certificates and legal opinions.

 

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the underwriter may be required to make in respect thereof.

 

The underwriter is offering the Units, shares of common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by it, subject to approval of legal matters by its counsel and other conditions specified in the underwriting agreement. The underwriter reserves the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.

 

Over-allotment Option

 

We have granted to the underwriter an Over-Allotment Option exercisable not later than 45 days after the closing date of this offering to purchase up to a number of additional shares of Common Stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants and/or Series A Warrants and/or Series B Warrants equal to 15% of the number of securities sold in this offering at the applicable public offering price listed on the cover of this prospectus, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriter may exercise its Over-Allotment Option, if any, made in connection with this offering. If any additional shares of Common Stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants and/or Series A Warrants and/or Series B Warrants are purchased, the underwriter will offer these securities on the same terms as those on which the other securities are being offered.

 

Discounts, Commissions and Reimbursement

 

The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriter of its over-allotment option.

 

Per Unit including Common Stock

Per Unit including Pre-Funded Warrant

Total with no Over-Allotment

Total with Over-Allotment

Public offering price

$

$

$

$

Underwriting discounts and commissions (8.0%)

$

$

$

$

Non-accountable expense allowance (1.0%)(1)

$

$

$

$

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

$

$

$

$

 

(1) We have agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the underwriter equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds received in this offering.

 

 

 

 

The underwriter proposes to offer the Units to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. In addition, the underwriter may offer some of the Units to other securities dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of $            per Unit. If all of the Units offered by us are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriter may change the offering price and other selling terms by means of a supplement to this prospectus.

 

We have also agreed to pay $150,000 of the underwriter’s legal expenses relating to the offering.

 

We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding the discount and non-accountable expense allowance, will be approximately $650,000.

 

Discretionary Accounts

 

The underwriter does not intend to confirm sales of the securities offered hereby to any accounts over which they have discretionary authority.

 

Lock-Up Agreements

 

Pursuant to “lock-up” agreements, our executive officers and directors and shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of common stock have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, without the prior written consent of the underwriter not to directly or indirectly offer to sell, sell, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of any of shares of (or enter into any transaction or device that is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the transfer or disposition by any person at any time in the future of) our common stock, enter into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic benefits or risks of ownership of shares of our common stock, make any demand for or exercise any right or cause to be filed a registration statement, including any amendments thereto, with respect to the registration of any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock or any of our other securities or publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing, for a period of 90 days from the closing date of this offering.

 

Company Standstill

 

We have agreed that without the prior written consent of the underwriter, we will not, for a period of ninety (90) days after the closing of this offering, subject to certain exceptions, (a) offer, sell, issue, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any equity of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for equity of the Company; (b) file or caused to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any equity of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for equity of the Company; or (c) enter into any agreement or announce the intention to effect any of the actions described in subsections (a) or (b) hereof.

 

Right of First Refusal

 

We have granted the underwriter a right of first refusal, for a period of three years from the consummation of this offering, to act as sole book-runner, sole manager, sole placement agent, sole agent, sole book-runner, sole book-running manger and/or sole underwriter, at the underwriter’s sole discretion, for each and every future public and private equity or debt offering or debt refinancing, including all equity linked financings (each, a “Subject Transaction”), during such three year period, of the Company, or any successor to or subsidiary of the Company, on terms and conditions customary to the underwriter for such Subject Transactions.

 

Tail Financing

 

In addition, we have agreed to pay the above cash compensation to the extent that any fund which the underwriter contacted or introduced to us during the term of our engagement agreement with the underwriter dated January 23, 2024, provides financing or capital in any public or private offering or capital raising transaction during the three-month period following the closing of this offering or expiration or termination of our engagement letter with the underwriter dated January 23, 2024.

 

 

 

 

Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Securities

 

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriter or selling group members. The underwriter may agree to allocate a number of securities to underwriter and selling group members for sale to its online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriter and selling group members that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on these websites is not part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved or endorsed by us, and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

Stabilization

 

In connection with this offering, the underwriter may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate-covering transactions, penalty bids and purchases to cover positions created by short sales.

 

Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase shares so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum, and are engaged in for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the shares while the offering is in progress.

 

Over-allotment transactions involve sales by the underwriter of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriter is obligated to purchase. This creates a syndicate short position which may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by the underwriter is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriter may close out any short position by exercising its over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market.

 

Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared with the price at which they may purchase shares through exercise of the over-allotment option. If the underwriter sells more shares than could be covered by exercise of the over-allotment option and, therefore, has a naked short position, the position can be closed out only by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that after pricing there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

 

Penalty bids permit the underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the shares originally sold by that syndicate member are purchased in stabilizing or syndicate covering transactions to cover syndicate short positions.

 

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our shares of common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our shares of common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock in the open market may be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of these transactions. Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. These transactions may be affected in the over-the-counter market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

 

Passive market making

 

In connection with this offering, the underwriter and selling group members may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of the shares and extending through the completion of the distribution. A passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of that security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, then that bid must then be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded.

 

 

 

 

Other Relationships

 

The underwriter and its affiliates have in the past and may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates for which they have in the past and may in the future receive customary fees. In February 2022, Aegis served as the underwriter in connection with a public offering of units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and two warrants, each warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, pursuant to an underwriting agreement between Aegis and us containing standard terms. Aegis received an underwriting discount of 8%, and a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1% of the gross proceeds of the public offering. In March 2022, Aegis acted as the placement agent in connection with a private placement for the Company’s common stock or pre-funded warrants and warrants exercisable for common stock. Aegis was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the private placement and 2% of the gross proceeds as a non-accountable expense allowance. The Company paid Aegis certain fees and expenses including attorney fees. In April 2022, Aegis acted as the placement agent in connection with the private placement for the Company’s common stock or pre-funded warrants and warrants exercisable for common stock. Aegis was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company, and a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 2% of the gross proceeds, and will receive 5% of the proceeds from any exercise of warrants, payable on exercise. In May 2023, Aegis acted as the placement agent in connection with the private placement for the Company’s common stock, pre-funded warrants, each exercisable to purchase one share of common stock, and warrants, each exercisable to purchase one share of common stock. Aegis was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company, and a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 2% of the gross proceeds, and will receive 10% of the proceeds from any exercise of warrants, payable on exercise.

  

Offer restrictions outside the United States

 

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriter that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

We are being represented by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York, with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. The enforceability of the pre-funded warrants, Series A Warrants, and Series B Warrants will be passed upon for us by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York. The validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus, including the shares, Units, Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, and shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants, and Series B Warrants, will be passed upon for us by Andrew I. Telsey, P.C., Englewood, Colorado. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering have been passed upon for the underwriter by Kaufman & Canoles, P.C., Richmond, Virginia.

  

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2022, included in this prospectus have been audited by B F Borgers CPA PC, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, appearing therein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement on Form S-1 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect to us and the securities offered by this prospectus, you should refer to the registration statement and the exhibits filed as part of that document. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference.

 

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and file annual, quarterly and current reports, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains these reports and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC, which are available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at https://sunshinebiopharma.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	Page
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	F-2
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	F-3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	F-4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity	F-5
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	F-6

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

With Independent Accountant’s Audit Report

At December 31, 2022 and 2021

 

	Page
Independent Accountant’s Audit Report	F-15
Consolidated Balance Sheet	F-16
Consolidated Statement of Operations	F-17
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	F-18
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity	F-19
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-20

 

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

		September 30,				December 31,
		2023				2022
		(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	18,846,140			$	21,826,437
Accounts receivable			2,034,119				1,912,153
Inventory			4,517,044				3,289,945
Prepaid expenses			37,556				283,799
Total Current Assets			25,434,859				27,312,334
Property and equipment			334,922				394,249
Intangible assets			1,216,207				776,856
Right-of-use-asset			664,296				760,409
TOTAL ASSETS		$	27,650,284			$	29,243,848
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		$	2,220,870			$	2,802,797
Earnout payable			2,547,831				3,632,000
Income tax payable			201,541				373,191
Right-of-use-liability			117,840				123,026
Total Current Liabilities			5,088,082				6,931,014
Long-Term Liabilities:
Deferred tax liability			43,032				43,032
Right-of-use-liability			555,687				642,232
Total Long-Term Liabilities			598,719				685,264
TOTAL LIABILITIES			5,686,801				7,616,278
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Series B $0.10 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 10,000 Shares issued and outstanding			1,000				1,000
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; 3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 25,678,290 and 22,585,632 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			25,678				22,585
Capital paid in excess of par value			84,387,890				80,841,752
Accumulated comprehensive income			204,549				161,847
Accumulated (Deficit)			(62,655,634	)			(59,399,614	)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY			21,963,483				21,627,570
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		$	27,650,284			$	29,243,848

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

		3 Months Ended September 30,								9 Months Ended September 30,
		2023				2022				2023				2022
Sales		$	5,957,668			$	132,808			$	16,412,586			$	405,760
Cost of sales			3,967,412				65,783				10,641,461				200,311
Gross profit			1,990,256				67,025				5,771,125				205,449
General and Administrative Expenses:
Accounting			56,350				122,913				301,381				237,773
Consulting			221,781				162,852				745,850				270,033
Director fees			100,000				100,000				300,000				200,000
Legal			133,302				146,467				392,874				403,386
Marketing			241,897				217,666				502,987				400,386
Office			544,215				76,818				1,422,058				449,730
R&D			238,012				362,500				1,039,502				770,095
Salaries			1,144,377				595,000				4,344,801				1,105,000
Taxes			52,586				–				212,953				–
Depreciation			37,210				789				106,797				6,186
Total General and Administrative Expenses:			2,769,730				1,785,005				9,369,203				3,842,589
(Loss) from operations			(779,474	)			(1,717,980	)			(3,598,078	)			(3,637,140	)
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign exchange			40				25				(206	)			45
Interest income			207,431				260,938				624,361				406,984
Debt release			–				–				–				10,852
Interest expense			(38,527	)			(2	)			(107,198	)			(12,866	)
Total Other Income (Expense)			168,944				260,961				516,957				405,015
Net (loss) before income taxes			(610,530	)			(1,457,019	)			(3,081,121	)			(3,232,125	)
Provision for income taxes			(40,952	)			–				(174,899	)			–
Net (Loss)		$	(651,482	)		$	(1,457,019	)		$	(3,256,020	)		$	(3,232,125	)
Gain (Loss) from foreign exchange translation			(460,507	)			(45,126	)			42,702				(56,764	)
Comprehensive (Loss)		$	(1,111,989	)		$	(1,502,145	)		$	(3,213,318	)		$	(3,288,889	)
Basic (Loss) per common share		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.08	)		$	(0.133	)		$	(0.26	)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic and Diluted)			25,690,449				18,885,632				24,507,122				12,789,733

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

		September 30,				September 30,
		2023				2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net (Loss)		$	(3,256,020	)		$	(3,232,125	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			106,794				6,186
Foreign exchange			(374	)			45
Debt release			–				(10,852	)
Accounts receivable			(118,482	)			7,776
Inventory			(1,221,112	)			(163,991	)
Prepaid expenses			247,977				2,235
Accounts payable and accrued expenses			(587,973	)			437,267
Income tax payable			(172,076	)			–
Interest payable			(1,084,169	)			(48,287	)
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Operations			(6,085,435	)			(3,001,746	)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Reduction in Right-of-use asset			97,498				–
Purchase of intangible assets			(19,804	)			–
Purchase of equipment			(464,614	)			–
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Investing Activities			(386,920	)			–
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Common stock issued			4,089,218				43,560,363
Exercise of warrants			1,156				–
Purchase of treasury stock			(541,143	)			(99,000	)
Lease liability			(93,125	)			–
Payments of notes payable			–				(1,900,000	)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities			3,456,106				41,561,363
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period			21,826,437				2,045,167
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			(3,016,249	)			38,559,617
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			–				(105,617	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment			35,952				56,764
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period		$	18,846,140			$	40,555,931
Supplementary Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:			–				–
Cash paid for interest		$	–			$	61,151
Cash paid for income taxes		$	–			$	–

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)

		Number Of Common Shares				Common				Capital Paid in Excess of Par				Number Of Preferred Shares				Preferred				Comprehensive				Accumulated
		Issued				Stock				Value				Issued				Stock				Income				Deficit				Total
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2023
Balance at June 30, 2023			25,746,302			$	25,746			$	84,422,143				10,000			$	1,000			$	665,056			$	(62,004,152	)		$	23,109,793
Repurchase stock			(68,012	)			(68	)			(34,253	)			–				–				–				–				–
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				(460,507	)			(651,482	)			(1,111,989	)
Balance at September 30, 2023			25,678,290			$	25,678			$	84,387,890				10,000			$	1,000			$	204,549			$	(62,655,634	)		$	21,963,483
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2023
Balance December 31, 2022			22,585,632			$	22,585			$	80,841,752				10,000			$	1,000			$	161,847			$	(59,399,614	)		$	21,627,570
Repurchase of common stock			(513,723	)			(514	)			(540,629	)			–				–				–				–				–
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued in a private offering			2,450,000				2,451				4,086,767				–				–				–				–				4,089,218
Exercise of warrants			1,156,381				1,156				–				–				–				–				–				1,156
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				42,702				(3,256,020	)			(3,213,318	)
Balance at September 30, 2023			25,678,290			$	25,678			$	84,387,890				10,000			$	1,000			$	204,549			$	(62,655,634	)		$	21,963,483
Three Month Period Ended September 30, 2022
Balance at June 30, 2022			18,885,632			$	18,886			$	76,331,451				10,000			$	1,000			$	(34,777	)		$	(34,430,280	)		$	41,886,280
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				(45,126	)			(1,457,019	)			(1,502,145	)
Balance at September 30, 2022			18,885,632			$	18,886			$	76,331,451				10,000			$	1,000			$	(79,903	)		$	(35,887,299	)		$	40,384,135
Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2022
Balance December 31, 2021			2,595,620			$	2,596			$	32,787,379				1,000,000			$	100,000			$	(23,139	)		$	(32,655,174	)		$	211,662
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued in public offering			6,656,526				6,657				30,360,528				–				–				–				–				30,367,185
Exercise of warrants			9,633,486				9,633				13,183,544				–				–				–				–				13,193,177
Preferred stock purchased from related party			–				–				–				(990,000	)			(99,000	)			–				–				(99,000	)
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				(56,764	)			(3,232,125	)			(3,288,889	)
Balance at September 30, 2022			18,885,632			$	18,886			$	76,331,451				10,000			$	1,000			$	(79,903	)		$	(35,887,299	)		$	40,384,135

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

 

Note 1 – Description of Business

 

The Company was originally incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. on August 31, 2006, in the State of Colorado. Effective October 15, 2009, the Company acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, the Company changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company.

 

In addition to conducting its own drug development activities, Sunshine Biopharma operates two wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian corporation with a portfolio of pharmaceutical products consisting of 51 generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada, and (ii) Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), a Canadian corporation which develops and sells nonprescription over-the-counter (“OTC”) products. In addition to the 51 generic prescription drugs currently on the market in Canada, the Company has 32 additional generic prescription drugs scheduled to be launched in 2024 and 2025 in Canada.

 

The Company has determined that it has two reportable segments:

 

	·	Prescription Generic Pharmaceuticals (“Generic Pharmaceuticals”)
	·	Nonprescription Over-The-Counter Products (“OTC Products)

 

Through December 31, 2022 and as of September 30, 2023, sales from the Generic Pharmaceuticals segment represented approximately 97% of total revenues of the Company while the remaining approximately 3% was generated from the sale of OTC Products. Based on these results, the Company deems segmentation reporting to be immaterial at September 30, 2023.

 

The Company is not subject to material customer concentration risks as it sells its products directly to pharmacies in several Canadian Provinces. Provincial governments in Canada reimburse patients for their prescription drugs expenditures to various degrees under drug reimbursement programs, making generic drugs prices highly dependent on government regulations which may change over time. The most recent negotiations between the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance and the Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association have resulted in updated generic pricing for certain products which took effect on October 1, 2023. The updated prices are valid for three years and the agreement contains an option to extend for an additional two years.

 

In addition, the Company is engaged in the development of the following proprietary drugs:

 

	·	Adva-27a, a small chemotherapy molecule for treatment of pancreatic cancer (IND-enabling studies were paused on November 2, 2023 due to unfavorable results. See Note 13 – Subsequent Events)
	·	K1.1 mRNA, a lipid nano-particle (LNP) targeted for liver cancer
	·	SBFM-PL4, a protease inhibitor for treatment of Coronavirus infections

 

 

 

F-6

 

 

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation

 

The unaudited financial statements of the Company for the nine months periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2022, was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 4, 2023. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

 

Note 3 – Private Placement

 

On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with a single institutional investor for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds received by the Company were $4,089,218.

 

In connection with the private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,450,000 shares of common stock, (ii) 3,502,381 pre-funded warrants (the “May Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) investor warrants (the “May Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 11,904,762 shares of common stock at $0.59 per share. Each share of common stock and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.84 and each May Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.839. The May Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The May Investor Warrants which have an exercise price of $0.59 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance. As of September 30, 2023, a total of 1,156,381 May Pre-Funded Warrants and no May Investor Warrants have been exercised. The net proceeds received from the exercise of May Pre-Funded Warrants were $1,156.

 

Note 4 – Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.

 

On October 20, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nora Pharma Inc. The purchase price for the shares was $18,860,637 (USD), $14,346,637 of which was paid in cash and the remainder was paid through the issuance of 3,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $4,514,000 or $1.22 per share. Nora Pharma sells generic pharmaceutical products in Canada. Nora Pharma’s operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada.

 

 

 

F-7

 

 

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price as of October 20, 2022, the acquisition date using Nora Pharma’s balance sheet assets and liabilities:

Schedule of allocation of purchase price
Accounts receivable		$	1,358,121
Inventory			3,181,916
Intangible assets			659,571
Equipment & furniture			210,503
Other assets			1,105,093
Total assets			6,515,204
Liabilities assumed			(5,981,286	)
Net assets			533,918
Goodwill			18,326,719
Total Consideration		$	18,860,637

 

The value of the 3,700,000 common shares issued as part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date, October 20, 2022 ($1.22 per share).

 

The Company impaired 100% of the goodwill amount in 2022 and plans to depreciate the intangible assets as detailed in Note 5 below.

 

As part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma, the Company agreed to a $5,000,000 CAD ($3,632,000 USD) earnout amount payable to Mr. Malek Chamoun, the Seller of Nora Pharma. The earnout is payable in the form of twenty (20) payments of $250,000 CAD for every $1,000,000 CAD increase in gross sales (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) above Nora Pharma’s June 30, 2022 gross sales, provided that his employment with the Company is not terminated pursuant to the Company’s employment agreement with him. The total earnout amount of $3,632,000 has been recorded as a salary payable. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid an earn-out amount of $1,084,169 leaving a balance earn-out to be paid of $2,547,831 at September 30, 2023.

 

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and Nora Pharma for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, on a pro forma basis, as though the two companies had been combined as of January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of the Company's combined results of operations which would have been obtained had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2021, nor should it be taken as indicative of future consolidated results of operations: 

Schedule of Pro Forma results from acquisition
Pro Forma Results From Acquisition		December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Total revenues		$	14,758,115			$	7,927,165
Net (loss) from operations		$	(26,192,503	)		$	(2,224,253	)
Net (loss)		$	(26,164,764	)		$	(12,289,655	)
Basic and fully diluted (loss) per share		$	(1.74	)		$	(4.70	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding			15,056,097				2,612,061

 

 

 

 

F-8

 

 

Note 5 – Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following at September 30, 2023: 

Schedule of intangible assets
Balance June 30, 2023		$	1,233,570
Dossier fee additions			13,905
Balance at September 30, 2023			1,247,475
Less accumulated amortization			(31,268	)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023		$	1,216,207
Balance December 31, 2022		$	776,856
Dossier fee additions			470,619
Balance at September 30, 2023			1,247,475
Less accumulated amortization			(31,268	)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023		$	1,216,207

 

Amortization expense for the three months period ended September 30, 2023, and the nine months period ended September 30, 2023, amounted to $10,797 and $26,746, respectively.

 

As of September 30, 2023, estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows: 

Schedule of estimated amortization expense
2024		$	55,418
2025			55,418
2026			54,240
2027			15,599
2028			7,370

 

Note 6 – Reverse Stock Splits

 

Effective February 9, 2022, the Company completed a 1 for 200 reverse split of its common stock. The Company had previously completed two 20 to 1 reverse stock splits, one in 2019 and the other in 2020. The Company’s financial statements reflect all three reverse stock splits on a retroactive basis for all periods presented and for all references to common stock, unless specifically stated otherwise.

 

 

 

F-9

 

 

Note 7 – Capital Stock

 

The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.10 par value. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2023, the Company had authorized 1,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable and non-retractable. It has superior liquidation rights to the common stock at $0.10 per share and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 10,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding and held by the Company’s chief executive officer.

 

On February 17, 2022, the Company completed a public offering and received net proceeds of $6,833,071 from the offering. Pursuant to the public offering, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,882,353 shares of common stock and 4,102,200 warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Tradeable Warrants”).

 

On February 22, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share. The remaining 10,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock could not be voted pursuant to a warrant agent agreement relating to the Tradeable Warrants (the “Warrant Agent Agreement”). On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which the holders of the majority of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to eliminate the provision that prohibited the Company’s CEO from exercising his voting rights under the Series B Preferred Stock, as well as to lower the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11. The Company entered into the amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement on October 18, 2023.

 

On March 14, 2022, the Company completed a private placement and received net proceeds of $6,781,199. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,301,353 shares of its common stock together with investor warrants (“Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,301,353 shares of common stock, and (ii) 1,302,251 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with Investor Warrants to purchase up to 1,302,251 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying Investor Warrant was sold together at a combined offering price of $2.22 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Investor Warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.219. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Investor Warrants have an exercise price of $2.22 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

 

On April 28, 2022, the Company completed another private placement and received net proceeds of $16,752,915. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,472,820 shares of its common stock together with warrants (“April Warrants”) to purchase up to 4,945,640 shares of common stock, and (ii) 2,390,025 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with April Warrants to purchase up to 4,780,050 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.01 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.009. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The April Warrants have an exercise price of $3.76 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

 

On October 20, 2022, the Company issued 3,700,000 shares of common stock as part of the acquisition of Nora Pharma. These shares were valued at $4,514,000, or $1.22 per share.

 

 

 

F-10

 

 

On January 19, 2023, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of up to $2 million (“Stock Repurchase Program”). During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 445,711 shares of common stock at an average price of $1.1371 per share for a total cost of $506,822. The 445,711 repurchased common shares were cancelled and returned to treasury reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 22,585,632 to 22,139,921.

 

On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with a single institutional investor for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds received by the Company were $4,089,218. In connection with the private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,450,000 shares of common stock, (ii) 3,502,381 pre-funded warrants (the “May Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) investor warrants (the “May Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 11,904,762 shares of common stock at $0.59 per share. Each share of common stock and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.84 and each May Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.839. The May Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The May Investor Warrants which have an exercise price of $0.59 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance.

 

In 2022 and the first six months of 2023, the Company issued a total of 10,789,867 shares of common stock in connection with warrant exercises for aggregate net proceeds of $13,194,335.

 

In July 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 68,012 shares of common stock on the open market under the Stock Repurchase Program announced on January 19, 2023, at an average price of $0.5046 per share for a total cost of $34,321. In October 2023, the 68,012 repurchased common shares were cancelled and returned to treasury reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 25,746,302 to 25,678,290.

 

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has a total of 25,678,290 and 22,585,632 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

 

The Company has declared no dividends since inception.

 

Note 8 – Warrants

 

The Company accounts for issued warrants either as a liability or equity in accordance with ASC 480-10 or ASC 815-40. Under ASC 480-10, warrants are considered a liability if they are mandatorily redeemable and they require settlement in cash, other assets, or a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, the Company considers the requirements of ASC 815-40 to determine whether the warrants should be classified as a liability or as equity. Under ASC 815-40, contracts that may require settlement for cash are liabilities, regardless of the probability of the occurrence of the triggering event. Liability-classified warrants are measured at fair value on the issuance date and at the end of each reporting period. Any change in the fair value of the warrants after the issuance date is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as a gain or loss. If warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude warrants should be classified as equity, the Company assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its common stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP standard. Equity-classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.

 

 

 

F-11

 

 

In 2022 and during the first nine months of 2023, the Company completed four financing events, and in connection therewith, it issued warrants as follows:

Schedule of warrants issued with financing
Type		Number		Exercise Price		Expiry Date
Pre-Funded Warrants		3,692,276		$0.001		Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants		4,102,200		$2.22*		February 2027
Investor Warrants		3,603,604		$2.22		March 2027
April Warrants		9,725,690		$3.76		April 2027
May Pre-Funded Warrants		3,502,381		$0.001		Unlimited
May Investor Warrants		11,904,762		$0.59		November 2028

 

*	The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.

 

As of September 30, 2023, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants and a total of 3,138,507 Tradeable Warrants, 2,802,703 Investor Warrants, and 1,156,381 May Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised resulting in aggregate proceeds of $13,194,335 received by the Company.

 

The Company’s outstanding warrants at September 30, 2023 consisted of the following: 

Schedule of outstanding warrants
Type		Number		Exercise Price		Expiry Date
Pre-Funded Warrants		None		$0.001		Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants		963,693		$2.22*		February 2027
Investor Warrants		800,901		$2.22		March 2027
April Warrants		9,725,690		$3.76		April 2027
May Pre-Funded Warrants		2,346,000		$0.001		Unlimited
May Investor Warrants		11,904,762		$0.59		November 2028

 

*

On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023.

 

Note 9 – Net Loss Per Common Share

 

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents.

 

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, taking into consideration common stock equivalents.

 

 

 

F-12

 

 

In February 2022, the Company issued 4,102,200 Tradeable Warrants pursuant to the Company’s Public Offering. In March and April 2022, the Company issued 3,603,604 Investor Warrants and 9,725,690 April Warrants pursuant to two private placements. In May 2023, the Company issued 11,904,762 May Investor Warrants pursuant to two private placements. As of September 30, 2023, 3,138,507 Tradeable Warrants and 2,802,703 Investor Warrants were exercised, leaving 963,693 Tradeable Warrants, 800,901 Investor Warrants, 9,725,690 April Warrants, and 11,904,762 May Investor Warrants outstanding. These warrants are dilutive and were included in the diluted earnings per share.

 

In March and April 2022, the Company issued and sold Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,692,276 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of these warrants were exercised and therefore had no remaining dilutive effect.

 

In May 2023, the Company issued and sold May Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,502,381 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 1,156,381 of these warrants were exercised leaving 2,346,000 outstanding. These warrants were not included in the calculation of weighted average outstanding shares as they would be ant-dilutive.

 

Note 10 – Lease

 

The Company has obligations as a lessee for office space with initial non-cancellable terms in excess of one year. The Company classified the lease as an operating lease. The lease contains a renewal option for a period of five years. Because the Company is certain to exercise the renewal option, the optional period is included in determining the lease term, and associated payments under the renewal option are included in the lease payments. The Company’s lease does not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contract include fixed payments plus a variable Payment. The Company’s office space lease requires it to make variable payments for the Company’s proportionate share of building’s property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. These variable lease payments are not included in lease payments used to determine lease liability and are recognized as variable costs when incurred.

 

Amounts reported on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Schedule of lease information
	Operating lease ROU asset	$664,296
	Operating Lease liability - Short-term	$117,840
	Operating lease liability - Long-term	$555,687
	Remaining lease term	6 years 3 months
	Discount rate	6%

 

Amounts disclosed for ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations and reductions of ROU assets resulting from reductions of lease obligations include amounts reduced from the carrying amount of ROU assets resulting from deferred rent.

 

 

 

F-13

 

 

Maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancellable operating leases at September 30, 2023 are as follows:

Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities
2023	$	30,124
2024		116,090
2025		116,277
2026		110,134
2027		103,736
Thereafter		197,166

 

Note 11 – Management and Director Compensation

 

The Company paid its officers cash compensation totaling $245,000 and $362,500 and $1,290,000 and $770,095 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

The Company paid its directors cash compensation totaling $100,000 and $300,000 and $100,000 and $200,000 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Note 12 – Income Taxes

 

In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon currently known facts and circumstances and applies that rate to its year-to-date earnings or losses. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on expected income and statutory tax rates and takes into consideration permanent differences between financial statement and tax return income applicable to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The effect of discrete items, such as changes in estimates, changes in rates or tax status, and unusual or infrequently occurring events, is recognized in the interim period in which the discrete item occurs. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as the result of new judicial interpretations or regulatory or tax law changes.

 

The Company’s interim effective tax rate, inclusive of discrete items, for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 26.83%.

 

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

 

On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which the holders of the majority of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to (i) reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11, subject to further adjustment as provided therein, and (ii) eliminate the provision that prohibits the Company’s CEO from exercising his voting rights under his Series B Preferred Stock.

 

In December 2022, the Company had entered into a research agreement with the Jewish General Hospital (“JGH”), Montreal, Canada to conduct IND-enabling studies of the Company’s anticancer drug candidate, Adva-27a (the “Research Agreement”). In August 2023, the Company was advised by JGH that the lab results on testing of the Adva-27a molecule were not favorable. After conclusion of an internal review of the lab results on November 2, 2023, the Company provided notice of termination of the Research Agreement, which will become effective on December 2, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the Research Agreement. The Company has now paused the IND-enabling studies of Adva-27a pending a review of the possibility of chemical modification of the compound to address the suboptimal performance of the molecule in certain studies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the shareholders and the board of directors of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.:

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Critical Audit Matters

 

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or are required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments.

 

We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

 

/s/ BF Borgers CPA PC (PCAOB ID 5041)

BF Borgers CPA PC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013

Lakewood, CO

March 31, 2023

 

PCAOB ID 5041

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

		December 31,				December 31,
		2022				2021
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	21,826,437			$	2,045,167
Accounts receivable			1,912,153				7,798
Inventory			3,289,945				105,650
Prepaid expenses			283,799				29,625
Deposits			–				7,590
Total Current Assets			27,312,334				2,195,830
Property and equipment			394,249				7,061
Intangible assets			776,856				–
Right-of-use-asset			760,409				–
TOTAL ASSETS		$	29,243,848			$	2,202,891
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable & accrued expenses		$	2,802,796			$	42,942
Earn-out payable			3,632,000				–
Interest payable			–				48,287
Income tax payable			373,191				–
Current portion - Right-of-use-liability			123,026				–
Total Current Liabilities			6,931,014				91,229
Long-Term Liabilities:
Notes payable			–				1,900,000
Right-of-use-liability			642,232				–
Deferred tax liability			43,032				–
Total Long-Term Liabilities			685,264				1,900,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES			7,616,278				1,991,229
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Series B $0.10 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 10,000 and 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively			1,000				100,000
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; 3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 22,585,632 and 2,591,240 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively			22,585				2,591
Capital paid in excess of par value			80,841,752				32,787,384
Accumulated comprehensive income			161,847				(23,139	)
Accumulated (Deficit)			(59,399,614	)			(32,655,174	)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY			21,627,570				211,662
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		$	29,243,848			$	2,202,891

 

See Accompanying Notes to These Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

 

		December 31,				December 31,
		2022				2021
Revenue		$	4,345,603			$	228,426
Cost of sales			2,649,028				117,830
Gross profit			1,696,575				110,596
General and Administrative Expenses:
Accounting			341,139				118,423
Consulting			842,894				50,873
Directors Fees			300,000				–
Legal			565,265				232,616
Marketing			578,085				–
Office			796,007				248,561
R&D			811,858				672,209
Salaries			6,054,962				1,215,307
Taxes			55,233				–
Depreciation and amortization			25,163				12,741
Goodwill impairment			18,326,719				–
Total General and Administrative Expenses			28,697,325				2,550,730
(Loss) from operations			(27,000,750	)			(2,440,134	)
Other Income (Expenses):
Loss on debt conversions			–				(9,726,485	)
Foreign exchange			(476	)			50
Interest income			518,650				–
Interest expense			(39,412	)			(328,818	)
Debt forgiveness			10,852				51,031
Interest forgiveness			–				7,909
Total Other Income (Expenses)			489,614				(9,996,313	)
Net (loss) before income taxes			(26,511,136	)			(12,436,447	)
Provision for income taxes			233,304				–
Net (Loss)			(26,744,440	)			(12,436,447	)
Comprehensive income (loss):
Gain (Loss) from foreign exchange translation			184,986				(20,268	)
Comprehensive (Loss)		$	(26,559,454	)		$	(12,456,715	)
Basic and diluted (Loss) per common share		$	(1.76	)		$	(4.76	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding (Basic & Diluted)			15,180,868				2,612,061

 

See Accompanying Notes to These Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

		December 31,				December 31,
		2022				2021
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net (Loss)		$	(26,744,440	)		$	(12,436,447	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			25,163				12,741
Goodwilll impairment			18,326,719				–
Foreign exchange (gain)			548				(50	)
Stock issued for services			–				918,000
Debt release			(10,852	)			–
Loss on debt conversion			–				9,726,485
Gain on interest and debt forgiveness			–				58,940
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			(524,486	)			(5,882	)
Inventory			42,983				(81,879	)
Prepaid expenses			82,846				(26,847	)
Accounts payable & accrued expenses			3,359,141				(18,156	)
Deferred tax liability			3,628				–
Income tax payable			238,679				–
Interest payable			(48,287	)			23,967
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Operations			(5,248,358	)			(1,829,128	)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Reduction in Right of use asset			33,379				–
Nora Pharma Inc. acquisition			(14,346,637	)			–
Cash from Nora Pharma Inc. acquisition			(1,135	)			–
Purchase of intangible assets			(111,015	)			–
Purchase of equipment			(193,982	)			–
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Investing Activities			(14,619,390	)			–
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds public and private offerings of common stock, net			30,367,185				–
Warrant exercises			13,193,177				–
Purchase of preferred shares			(99,000	)			–
Reduction in lease liability			(31,924	)			–
Payoff of Nora Pharma Inc.’s debt			(2,064,331	)			–
Proceeds from notes payable			–				3,318,500
Note payable used to pay fees			–				61,500
Payments of notes payable			(1,900,000	)			(475,325	)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities			39,465,107				2,904,675
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period			2,045,167				989,888
Net Increase (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			19,597,359				1,075,547
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(1,075	)			–
Foreign currency translation adjustment			184,986				(20,268	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period		$	21,826,437			$	2,045,167
Supplementary Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:			–				–
Cash paid for interest		$	48,287			$	38,117
Cash paid for income taxes		$	–			$	–
Stock issued for note conversions		$	–			$	12,705,214
Stock issued for acquisition of Nora Pharma, Inc.		$	4,514,000			$	–

 

See Accompanying Notes to These Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity

 

		Number Of Common Shares				Common				Capital Paid in Excess of Par				Number Of Preferred Shares				Preferred				Compre- hensive				Accumulated
		Issued				Stock				Value				Issued				Stock				Income				Deficit				Total
Balance December 31, 2020			1,732,096			$	1,732			$	19,165,029				1,000,000			$	100,000			$	(2,871	)		$	(20,218,727	)		$	(954,837	)
Common stock issued for the reduction of debt and payment of interest			559,144				559				12,704,655				–				–				–				–				12,705,214
Common stock issued for services			300,000				300				917,700				–				–				–				–				918,000
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				(20,268	)			(12,436,447	)			(12,456,715	)
Balance at December 31, 2021			2,591,240			$	2,591			$	32,787,384				1,000,000			$	100,000			$	(23,139	)		$	(32,655,174	)			211,662
Fractional shares issued for reverse stock split			4,380				4				(4	)			–				–				–				–				–
Common stock and warrants issued in offerings			6,656,526				6,657				30,360,528				–				–				–				–				30,367,185
Exercise of warrants			9,633,486				9,633				13,183,544				–				–				–				–				13,193,177
Preferred stock purchased from related party			–				–				–				(990,000	)			(99,000	)			–				–				(99,000	)
Common stock issued as part of Nora Pharma Inc. acquisition			3,700,000				3,700				4,510,300				–				–				–				–				4,514,000
Net (loss)			–				–				–				–				–				184,986				(26,744,440	)			(26,559,454	)
Balance at December 31, 2022			22,585,632			$	22,585			$	80,841,752				10,000			$	1,000			$	161,847			$	(59,399,614	)		$	21,627,570

 

See Accompanying Notes to These Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2022 and 2021

 

Note 1 – Description of Business

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”) was originally incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. on August 31, 2006, in the State of Colorado.

 

Effective October 15, 2009, the Company acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. held an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a (the “License Agreement”). Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, the Company changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of the licensed Adva-27a anticancer drug. In December 2015, the Company acquired all rights to Adva-27a by purchasing PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 and terminated the License Agreement.

 

On May 22, 2020, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. The Company’s patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, the Company filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application. The Company’s lead Anti-Coronavirus compound arising from these patents bears the laboratory name SBFM-PL4.

 

On April 20, 2022, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering mRNA molecules capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro. The patent application contains composition and utility subject matter pertaining to the structure and sequence of such mRNA molecules.

 

On February 18, 2022, the Company entered into a research agreement (the “SRA”) with the University of Arizona for the purposes of conducting research focused on determining the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and dose selection properties of three University of Arizona owned PLpro inhibitors, to be followed by efficacy testing in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the “Research Project”). Under the SRA, the University of Arizona granted the Company a first option to negotiate a commercial, royalty-bearing license for all intellectual property developed by University of Arizona personnel under the Research Project. In addition, the Company and the University of Arizona entered into an Option Agreement whereby the Company was granted a first option to negotiate a royalty-bearing commercial license for the underlying technology of the Research Project. Encouraged by the results to date, the Company submitted a Notice of Option Exercise to the University of Arizona on September 13, 2022.

 

On October 20, 2022, the Company acquired Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian generic pharmaceuticals company. Based in the greater Montreal area, Nora Pharma has 37 employees and operates in a 15,000 square foot facility certified by Health Canada. Nora Pharma currently offers 60 products, including 49 generic prescription drugs, and 11 OTC products. Nora Pharma sales were $10.7 million USD during its fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. The consolidated financial statements contained in this report include the results of operations of Nora Pharma from October 20, 2022 through December 31, 2022.

 

 

 

 

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist the reader in understanding the Company's financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

 

IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

 

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus and its associated disease, COVID-19, a global pandemic. Conditions surrounding the Coronavirus outbreak are continuing to evolve and government authorities around the world have and continue to implement various measures to mitigate the spread of the virus. The outbreak and related mitigation measures have had and will continue to have a material adverse impact on the world economies and the Company's business activities. It is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse conditions of the outbreak and their effects on the Company’s business or ability to raise funds. No adjustments have been made to the amounts reported in the Company's financial statements as a result of this matter.

 

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

USE OF ESTIMATES

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant estimates and assumptions made by management are valuation of equity instruments, depreciation of property and equipment, and deferred tax asset valuation. Actual results could differ from those estimates as the current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions.

  

TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS

 

Trade accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value. The majority of customers are not extended credit and therefore time to maturity for receivables is short. On a periodic basis, management evaluates its trade accounts receivable and determines whether to record an allowance for doubtful accounts or if any accounts should be written off based on a past history of write-offs, collections and current credit conditions. A receivable is considered past due if the Company has not received payments based on agreed-upon terms. The Company generally does not require any security or collateral to support its receivables.

 

INVENTORY VALUATION

 

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first in, first out method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. The cost of inventory includes the purchase price and other costs directly attributable to the acquisition of finished goods.

 

 

 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

For the Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows, all highly liquid investments with maturity of 90 days or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company had a cash balance of $21,826,437 and $2,045,167 as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At times such cash balances may be in excess of the FDIC limit of $250,000 in the U.S. or the equivalent in Canada.

 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property and equipment are reviewed for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may exceed future undiscounted cash inflows. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had not identified any such impairment. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred and improvements and renewals are capitalized.

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated according to the following methods at the following annual rates and period for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes. Their estimated useful lives are as follows: 

Schedule of estimated useful lives
Office Equipment:	Straight-line and Declining balance method	5-7 Years / 20%
Computer Equipment:	Declining balance method	55%
Laboratory Equipment:	Straight-line method	5 Years
Vehicles:	Straight-line and Declining balance method	5 Years / 30%

 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives according to the following methods at the following annual rates and period:

 

Licenses:	Straight-line method	5 Years
Website:	Declining balance method	55%

 

Intangible assets are tested for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable when it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposal. In such a case, an impairment loss must be recognized and is equivalent to the excess of the carrying amount of a long-lived asset over its fair value.

 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS - PATENTS

 

The cost of patents acquired is capitalized and is amortized over the remaining life of the patents.

 

The Company evaluates recoverability of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that intangible assets carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances include but are not limited to: (1) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (2) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or (3) an accumulation of cost significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset. The Company measures the carrying amount of such assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it.

 

BASIC AND DILUTED NET GAIN (LOSS) PER SHARE

 

The Company computes loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement.

 

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. As the Company incurred net losses for the year ended December 31, 2022, no potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the impact would have been anti-dilutive.

 

 

 

INCOME TAXES

 

In accordance with ASC 740 – Income Taxes, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method. The liability method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities have been adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

The Company expects to recognize the financial statement benefit of an uncertain tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would sustain the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the amount to be recognized in the financial statements will be the benefit expected to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. For tax positions not meeting the threshold, no financial statement benefit is recognized. As of December 31, 2022 the Company had no uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expenses. The Company currently has no federal or state tax examinations nor has it had any federal or state examinations since its inception. To date, the Company has not incurred any interest or tax penalties.

 

For Canadian and US tax purposes, the Company’s 2019 through 2021 tax years remain open for examination by the tax authorities under the normal three-year statute of limitations.

 

FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY

 

The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company which is operating in the United States. The functional currency for the Company's Canadian subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar.

 

The Company translates its Canadian subsidiaries' financial statements into U.S. dollars as follows:

 

	·	Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date.
	·	Income statement accounts are translated using the weighted average exchange rate for the period.

 

The Company includes translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are currently no transactions of a long-term investment nature, nor any gains or losses from non U.S. currency transactions.

 

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISKS

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions.

 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

The Company applies the provisions of accounting guidance, FASB Topic ASC 825, Financial Instruments. ASC 825 requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value, and defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of cash, accounts receivable and notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other payables approximated carrying value due to the short maturity of the instruments, quoted market prices or interest rates which fluctuate with market rates.

 

 

 

 

 

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

 

	·	Level 1 – Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
	·	Level 2 – Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
	·	Level 3 – Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

  

The carrying value of financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value is measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared.

 

NOTES PAYABLE

 

Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

 

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVES LIABILITIES

 

The Company evaluates stock options, stock warrants or other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for under the relevant sections of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivative Instruments and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. The result of this accounting treatment could be that the fair value of a financial instrument is classified as a derivative instrument and is marked-to-market at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the statement of operations as other income or other expense.

 

Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity. Financial instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification under ASC Topic 815-40 are reclassified to a liability account at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. The Company determined that none of the Company’s financial instruments meet the criteria for derivative accounting as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

 

EQUITY INSTRUMENTS ISSUED TO EMPLOYEES OR NON-EMPLOYEES FOR ACQUIRING GOODS OR SERVICES

 

The stock-based compensation expense for both employee and non-employee awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to employees in conformity with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Stock Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation to employees consisting of stock option grants and restricted shares are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values at the date of grant. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, based upon the fair-value of the underlying instrument.

 

 

 

REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

The Company generates sales from three revenue streams: (1) Generic Drugs, (2) OTC Supplements, and (3) Commissions Income.

 

In Canada, governmental regulations require that companies recognize revenues upon completion of the work by issuing an invoice and remitting the applicable sales taxes (GST and QST) to the appropriate government agency. The Company’s wholly owned Canadian subsidiaries' revenue recognition policy is in compliance with these local regulations.

 

The Company recognizes revenues for product sales and commissions when title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, which is typically upon delivery to the customer, when estimated rebates are reasonably determinable, and when collectability is reasonably assured.

 

Trade sales and commissions are accounted for when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the goods have been received by the client, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.

 

LEASES

 

The Company recognizes and measures its leases in accordance with FASB ASC 842, Leases. The Company is a lessee in a non-cancellable operating lease for office space. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception of a contract and when the terms of an existing contract are changed. The Company recognizes a lease liability and a right-of-use (ROU) asset at the commencement date. The lease liability is initially and subsequently recognized based on the present value of its future lease payments. Variable payments are included in the future lease payments when those variable payments depend on an index or a rate. The discount rate is the implicit rate if it is readily determinable or otherwise the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The implicit rates of the Company's lease are not readily determinable and accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date for all leases. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the 6% interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms and in a similar economic environment. The ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the remaining amount (i.e. present value of the remaining lease payments), plus unamortized initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received, and any impairment recognized. Lease cost for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

The Company has elected, for all underlying classes of assets, not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less at lease commencement, and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company recognizes the lease cost associated with its short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Under the available practical expedient, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets as both a lessee and lessor. Further, we elected a short-term lease exception policy on all classes of underlying assets, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e. leases with terms of 12 months or less).

 

 

 

 

LEGAL FEES

 

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the legal fees incurred were related to services provided to the Company in connection with the Securities and Exchange Commission requirements and other regulatory and contracts matters.

 

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

  

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

 

Note 3 – Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.

 

On October 20, 2022 the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora” Pharma), a Canadian privately held company. The purchase price for the shares was $18,860,637 which was paid in cash ($14,346,637) and by the issuance of 3,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $4,514,000 or $1.22 per share. Nora Pharma is a certified company offering generic pharmaceutical products in Canada. Nora Pharma’s operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada. Nora Pharma is also registered with the FDA.

 

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price as of October 20, 2022, the acquisition date using Nora Pharma’s balance sheet assets and liabilities:

 

Schedule of allocation of the purchase price
Accounts receivable		$	1,358,121
Inventory			3,181,916
Intangible assets			659,571
Equipment & furniture			210,503
Other assets			1,105,093
Total assets			6,515,204
Liabilities assumed			(5,981,286	)
Net assets			533,918
Goodwill			18,326,719
Total Consideration		$	18,860,637

 

Management has determined that going forward it is in the best interest of the Company to impair 100% of the goodwill in the current, 2022 fiscal year. The Company will review the value of the intangible and other assets on an annual basis and make adjustments to the carrying amounts as necessary.

 

The fair value of the 3,700,000 common shares issued as part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date, October 20, 2022 ($1.22 per share).

 

The fair value of the financial assets acquired includes receivables, Inventory, furniture, fixtures, and processing equipment, and right to use assets was $5,858,369.

 

 

 

 

The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company (Sunshine Biopharma and Nora Pharma) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, on a pro forma basis, as though the companies had been combined as of January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of the Company's combined results of operations which would actually have been obtained had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2021, nor should it be taken as indicative of future consolidated results of operations.

 

Pro Forma results from acquisition		December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
Total revenues		$	14,758,115			$	7,927,165
Net (loss) from operations		$	(26,192,503	)		$	(2,224,253	)
Net (loss)		$	(26,164,764	)		$	(12,289,655	)
Basic and fully (loss) per share		$	(1.74	)		$	(4.70	)
Weighted average shares outstanding			15,056,097				2,612,061

  

In addition, the Company paid off Nora Pharma’s debt by making cash payments totaling $2,064,331 directly to Nora Pharma creditors at or before closing in order to secure creditor consent for the acquisition transaction.

 

Note 4 – Earnout

 

As part of the Nora Pharma acquisition the Company agreed to an earnout of $5,000,000 CAD ($3,632,000 USD) payable to Mr. Chamoun, the Seller. The earnout is payable in the form of twenty (20) payments of $250,000 CAD for every $1,000,000 CAD increase in gross sales (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) above Nora Pharma’s June 30, 2022 gross sales, provided that his employment with the Company is not terminated pursuant to the Company’s Employment Agreement with him. The total earnout amount of $3,632,000 has been recorded as a salary payable.

 

Note 5 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

As result of the Nora Pharma acquisition the Company now has goodwill of $18,226,881 and intangible assets of $659,571 on its balance sheet. Management has determined that it is in the best interest of the Company to (i) impair 100% of the goodwill in the current, 2022 fiscal year, and (ii) review the intangible assets for amortization or possible partial of full impairment on an annual basis.

 

Note 6 – Patents and Other Intellectual Property

 

The following is a list of the patents and other intellectual property held by the Company at December 31, 2022:

 

In December 2015, the Company acquired all worldwide issued (US Patent Number 8,236,935, and US Patent Number 10,272,065) and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 for the Adva-27a anticancer compound.

 

On May 22, 2020, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. The Company’s patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, the Company filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

 

 

 

 

On April 20, 2022, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States covering mRNA molecules capable of destroying cancer cells in vitro. The patent application contains composition and utility subject matter pertaining to the structure and sequence of such mRNA molecules.

 

In addition, the Company owns 152 DIN’s issued by Health Canada for prescription drugs currently on the market in Canada. These DIN’s were secured through in-licenses or cross-licenses from international manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products.

 

The Company also owns two NPN’s issued by Health Canada: (i) NPN 80089663 authorizes us to manufacture and sell our in-house developed OTC supplement, Essential 9™, and (ii) NPN 80093432 authorizes us to manufacture and sell the OTC supplement, Calcium-Vitamin D under the brand name Essential Calcium-Vitamin D^™.

 

Note 7 – Reverse Stock Splits

 

Effective February 9, 2022, the Company completed a 1 for 200 reverse split of its common stock. The Company had previously completed two 20 to 1 reverse stock splits, one in 2019 and the other in 2020.

 

The Company’s financial statements reflects all three reverse stock splits on a retroactive basis for all periods presented and for all references to common stock, unless specifically stated otherwise.

 

Note 8 – Capital Stock

 

The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of 3,000,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and 30,000,000 shares of $0.10 par value preferred stock, to have such rights and preferences as the Directors of the Company have or may assign from time to time. Out of the authorized Preferred Stock, the Company had previously designated 850,000 shares as Series “A” Preferred Stock (“Series A”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had no issued and outstanding shares of Series A. On June 17, 2020, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) eliminating the Series A shares and the designation thereof, which shares were returned to the status of undesignated shares of Preferred Stock. In addition, the Amendment increased the number of authorized Series B Preferred Shares from five hundred thousand (500,000) to one million (1,000,000) shares. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable and non-retractable. It has superior liquidation rights to the common stock at $0.10 per share and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. As of December 31, 2021, there were 1,000,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock held by the CEO of the Company.

 

On February 17, 2022, the Company’s public offering closed and the Company received net proceeds of $6,833,071 from the offering. Pursuant to the public offering, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,882,353 shares of common stock and 4,102,200 warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Tradeable Warrants”) (including 337,494 Tradeable Warrants resulting from partial exercise of the overallotment option granted to the underwriter).

 

On February 22, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

 

 

 

 

 

On March 14, 2022, the Company completed a private placement and received net proceeds of $6,781,199. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,301,353 shares of its common stock together with investor warrants (“Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,301,353 shares of common stock, and (ii) 1,302,251 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with Investor Warrants to purchase up to 1,302,251 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying Investor Warrant was sold together at a combined offering price of $2.22 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Investor Warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.219. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Investor Warrants have an exercise price of $2.22 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

 

On April 28, 2022, the Company completed another private placement and received net proceeds of $16,752,915. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,472,820 shares of its common stock together with warrants (“April Warrants”) to purchase up to 4,945,640 shares of common stock, and (ii) 2,390,025 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with April Warrants to purchase up to 4,780,050 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.01 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.009. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The April Warrants have an exercise price of $3.76 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

 

On October 20, 2022, the Company issued 3,700,000 shares of Common Stock as part of the acquisition of Nora Pharma. These shares were valued at $4,514,000, or $1.22 per share.

 

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 559,144 shares of its Common Stock valued at $12,705,214 in connection with the conversion of $2,867,243 in debt and interest of $127,986 resulting in a loss of $9,726,485 on conversion. In addition, the Company issued 300,000 shares of its Common Stock valued at $918,000 as compensation to its directors. In total, 859,114 shares of Common Stock were issued during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Through December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has issued and outstanding a total of 22,585,632 and 2,591,240 shares of Common Stock, respectively.

 

The Company has declared no dividends since inception.

 

Note 9 – Warrants

 

The Company accounts for issued warrants either as a liability or equity in accordance with ASC 480-10 or ASC 815-40. Under ASC 480-10, warrants are considered a liability if they are mandatorily redeemable and they require settlement in cash, other assets, or a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, the Company considers the requirements of ASC 815-40 to determine whether the warrants should be classified as a liability or as equity. Under ASC 815-40, contracts that may require settlement for cash are liabilities, regardless of the probability of the occurrence of the triggering event. Liability-classified warrants are measured at fair value on the issuance date and at the end of each reporting period. Any change in the fair value of the warrants after the issuance date is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as a gain or loss. If warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude warrants should be classified as equity, the Company assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its common stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP standard. Equity-classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.

 

 

 

 

 

 

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed three financing events, and in connection therewith, it issued warrants as follows:

Warrants issued with financing
Type		Number		Exercise Price		Expiry Date
Pre-Funded Warrants		3,692,276		$0.001		Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants		4,102,200		$2.22*		February 2027
Investor Warrants		3,603,604		$2.22		March 2027
April Warrants		9,725,690		$3.76		April 2027

 

*	The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company’s private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.

 

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants and a total of 3,138,507 Tradeable Warrants were exercised resulting in aggregate proceeds of $6,971,178 received by the Company. In addition, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, a total of 2,802,703 Investor Warrants were exercised resulting in aggregate proceeds of $6,222,001 received by the Company.

 

The Company’s outstanding warrants at December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: 

Schedule of outstanding warrants
Type		Number		Exercise Price		Expiry Date
Pre-Funded Warrants		None		$0.001		Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants		963,693		$2.22		February 2027
Investor Warrants		800,901		$2.22		March 2027
April Warrants		9,725,690		$3.76		April 2027

 

At December 30, 2022, the final trading day of the year, the closing price of the Company’s common stock was $0.64 per share, a value well below the exercise price of these warrants.

 

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the years ended December 31: 

Schedule of earnings per share computation
		2022				2021
Net gain (loss) attributable to common stock		$	(26,744,440	)		$	(12,436,447	)
Basic weighted average outstanding shares of common stock			15,180,868				2,612,061
Dilutive common share equivalents			0				0
Dilutive weighted average outstanding shares of common stock			15,180,868				2,612,061
Net gain (loss) per share attributable to common stock		$	(1.76	)		$	(4.76	)

 

 

 

 

 

Note 11 – Income Taxes

 

The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:  

 

Provision for income taxes
Current:
Federal		$	–
State			–
Foreign			139,856
Deferred:
Federal			–
State			–
Foreign			3,628
Total		$	143,484

  

The components of the net deferred tax assets were as follows:  

 

Components of net deferred tax assets
Deferred Tax Assets:
Net Operating Loss, Credits and Carryforwards		$	4,323,025
Fixed Assets			98,957
Intangibles			1,021,230
Research and Development			90,000
Other DTA			161,719
Lease Liability			202,793
Valuation Allowance			(5,596,431	)
Total Deferred Tax Assets			301,293
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Fixed Assets			–
Intangibles			(142,817	)
Right-of-Use Asset			(201,508	)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities			(344,325	)
Net Deferred Tax Liability		$	(43,032	)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note 12 – Notes Payable

 

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $0 and $1,900,000, respectively in notes payable outstanding. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, total accrued interest on Notes Payable was $0 and $48,287, respectively.

 

The Company’s Notes Payable at December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

 

On April 20, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5% due April 20, 2023. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest of $20,753 by making cash payment of $520,753.

 

On July 6, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $900,000 with interest accruing at 5%, due July 6, 2023. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest of $27,863 by making cash payment of $927,863.

 

On August 18, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5%, due August 18, 2023. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued of $12,534 by making cash payment of $512,534.

 

At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, total accrued interest on Notes Payable was $-0- and $48,287, respectively.

 

Note 13 – Notes Payable - Related Party

 

A Note Payable dated December 31, 2019 held by the CEO of the Company having a Face Value of $128,269 and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2020, the Company renewed the Note together with accrued interest of $15,392 for a 12-month period. The new Note has a face Value of $143,661, accrues interest at 12% per annum, and has a maturity date of December 31, 2021. On August 24, 2021, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest of $12,929 by issuing cash payment of $156,590.

 

Note 14 – Lease

 

The Company has obligations as a lessee for office space with initial non-cancellable terms in excess of one year. The Company classified the lease as an operating lease. The lease contains a renewal option for a period of five years. Because the Company is certain to exercise the renewal option, the optional period is included in determining the lease term, and associated payments under the renewal option are included in the lease payments. The Company’s lease does not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contract include fixed payments plus a variable Payment. The Company’s office space lease requires it to make variable payments for the Company’s proportionate share of building’s property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. These variable lease payments are not included in lease payments used to determine lease liability and are recognized as variable costs when incurred.

 

Amounts reported on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: 

	Lease information
	Operating lease ROU asset	$760,409
	Operating Lease liability - Short-term	$123,026
	Operating lease liability - Long-term	$642,232
	Remaining lease term	7 years
	Discount rate	6%

  

 

 

 

 

Amounts disclosed for ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations and reductions of ROU assets resulting from reductions of lease obligations include amounts reduced from the carrying amount of ROU assets resulting from deferred rent.

 

Maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2022 are as follows:

 

Maturities of lease liabilities
2023	$123,026
2024	$115,879
2025	$116,066
2026	$109,934
2027	$103,547
Thereafter	$196,807

  

Note 15 – Management and Director Compensation

 

The Company paid its officers cash compensation totaling $1,785,000 and $297,307 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Of these amounts attributable to the Company’s CEO, $60,000 and $110,000, respectively was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by the CEO of the Company. In addition, the Company issued 300,000 shares of common stock valued at $918,000 to its officers during year ended December 31, 2021. The value of these shares was based upon the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $3.06 on the issuance date.

 

The Company paid its directors cash compensation totaling $300,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

 

Note 16 – Subsequent Events

 

On January 19, 2023, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of up to $2 million. As of the date of this report, the Company has repurchased a total of 445,711 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $1.1371 per share for a total cost of $506,822. As of the date of this report, the repurchased shares have not been returned to treasury.

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

39,215,687 Units, Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock or One Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock, one-tenth of a Series A Warrant to Purchase one Share of Common Stock and two-tenths of a Series B Warrant to Purchase one Share of Common Stock

 

11,764,706 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Series A and Series B Warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

 

Aegis Capital Corp.

 

                 , 2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

The following table sets forth all costs and expenses paid or payable by us in connection with the sale of the securities being registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, registration fee, the Nasdaq listing fee, and the FINRA filing fee.

 

Expense		Amount Paid or to be Paid
SEC registration fee		$	10,015
FINRA filing fee			10,678
Legal fees and expenses			450,000
Accounting fees and expenses			20,000
Miscellaneous expenses			10,000
Expense reimbursement to underwriter			150,000
Total		$	650,693

 

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Section 7-108-402 of the Colorado Business Corporation Act (the “CBCA”) provides, generally, that the articles of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except that any such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director for (i) any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) acts specified in Section 7-108-403 of the CBCA, or (iv) any transaction from which the director directly or indirectly derived an improper personal benefit.

 

Section 7-109-102(1) of the CBCA permits indemnification of a director of a Colorado corporation, in the case of a third party action, if the director (a) conducted himself or herself in good faith, (b) reasonably believed that (i) in the case of conduct in his or her official capacity, his or her conduct was in the corporation’s best interest, or (ii) in all other cases, his or her conduct was not opposed to the corporation’s best interest, and (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Section 7-109-103 further provides for mandatory indemnification of directors and officers who are successful on the merits or otherwise in litigation.

 

Section 7-109-102(4) of the CBCA limits the indemnification that a corporation may provide to its directors in two key respects.  A corporation may not indemnify a director in a derivative action in which the director is held liable to the corporation, or in any proceeding in which the director is held liable on the basis of his improper receipt of a personal benefit. Sections 7-109-104 of the CBCA permits a corporation to advance expenses to a director, and Section 7-109-107(1)(c) of the CBCA permits a corporation to indemnify and advance litigation expenses to officers, employees and agents who are not directors to a greater extent than directors if consistent with law and provided for by the bylaws, a resolution of directors or shareholders, or a contract between the corporation and the officer, employee or agent.

 

 

 

 

Our bylaws include provisions that require the company to indemnify our directors or officers against monetary damages for actions taken as a director or officer of our Company. We are also expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ insurance to protect our directors, officers, employees and agents for certain liabilities. Our articles of incorporation do not contain any limiting language regarding director immunity from liability.

  

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed hereby in the Securities Act and we will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. 

 

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

On February 12, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $700,000, convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.60 per share. This note was converted to common stock on December 20, 2021.

 

On April 5, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $330,000. The note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to the lower of $60.00 or 35% below market. On October 13, 2021, the noteholder converted $330,000 in principal and $16,500 in accrued interest into 26,250 shares of common stock leaving a principal balance of $0.

 

On April 20, 2021, we issued a note in the principal amount of $500,000. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share.

 

On April 22, 2021, a note holder converted a total of $11,028 in principal and $4,472 in accrued interest into 77,500 shares of common stock.

 

On July 6, 2021, the Company issued a note in the principal amount of $900,000, convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.30 per share. In connection with this debt financing, the Company agreed to allow the lender, who is also the holder of a note dated November 25, 2020 (the “November Note”), to convert a total of $240,000 in principal amount of the November Note into 120,000 shares of common stock leaving a principal balance of $10,000 and accrued interest of $7,750.

  

On August 18, 2021, the Company issued a issued a note in the principal amount of $500,000, convertible after 180 days from issuance into common stock at a price of $0.30 per share.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued a total of 518,370 shares of common stock valued at $11,981,072 for the conversion of outstanding notes, reducing the debt by $1,233,028 and interest payable by $38,201 and generating a loss on conversion of $10,709,843.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued 300,000 shares of common stock to its officers and directors as compensation for their services to the Company.

 

On December 20, 2021, the Company issued 14,524 shares of common stock upon conversion of $1,361,000 in convertible debt.

 

 

 

 

On March 10, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited investors for a private placement for the Company’s common stock or pre-funded warrants and warrants exercisable for common stock. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company sold (i) 2,301,353 shares of its common stock together with warrants to purchase up to 2,301,353 shares of common stock, and (ii) 1,302,251 pre-funded warrants with each pre-funded warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with warrants to purchase up to 1,302,251 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.22, and each pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.219. The pre-funded warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The warrants had an initial exercise price of $2.22 per share, were exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Aegis Capital Corp. acted as the placement agent in connection with the private placement. Aegis was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the private placement and 2% of the gross proceeds as a non-accountable expense allowance. The Company paid Aegis $100,000 for fees and expenses including attorney fees.

 

On April 25, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited investors for a private placement for the Company’s common stock or pre-funded warrants, and warrants exercisable for common stock. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company sold (i) 2,472,820 shares of its common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase up to 9,725,690 shares of common stock, and (iii) 2,390,025 pre-Funded warrants with each pre-funded warrant exercisable for one share of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.01, and each pre-funded warrant and accompanying two warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.009. The pre-funded warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The warrants had an initial exercise price of $3.76 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), were exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

 

Aegis acted as the placement agent in connection with the private placement and was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company, and a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 2% of the gross proceeds, and will receive 5% of the proceeds from any exercise of warrants, payable on exercise.

 

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued 2,802,703 shares of common stock upon exercise of warrants with an exercise price of $2.22, and 3,692,276 shares of common stock upon exercise of pre-funded warrants with an exercise price of $0.001.

 

Effective October 20, 2022, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement with Malek Chamoun and Nora Pharma, wherein the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nora Pharma in consideration of a purchase price of $30,000,000 CAD (approximately $21,900,000 USD), which was paid as follows: (a) $5,000,000 CAD (approximately $3,650,000 USD) by issuance of 3,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock; (b) $20,000,000 CAD (approximately $14,600,000 USD) in cash, which was subject to customary adjustments in accordance with the Purchase Agreement; and (c) 5,000,000 CAD (approximately $3,650,000 USD) in the form of earn-out payable to Mr. Chamoun once earned in a maximum of twenty (20) payments of $250,000 CAD for every $1,000,000 CAD increase in gross sales (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) above Nora Pharma’s June 30, 2022 gross sales, provided that his employment with the Company is not terminated pursuant to the Company’s employment agreement with him.

 

On May 12, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain accredited investor for a private placement for the Company’s common stock, pre-funded warrants, each exercisable to purchase one share of common stock, and warrants, each exercisable to purchase one share of common stock. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company sold (i) 2,450,000 shares of its common stock, (ii) warrants to purchase up to 11,904,762 shares of common stock, and (iii) 3,502,381 pre-funded warrants. Each share of common stock and accompanying two warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.84, and each pre-funded warrant and accompanying two warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.839. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The warrants have an initial exercise price of $0.59 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance.

 

 

 

 

Aegis acted as the placement agent in connection with the private placement and was paid a commission equal to 10% of the gross proceeds received by the Company, and a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 2% of the gross proceeds, and will receive 10% of the proceeds from any exercise of warrants, payable on exercise.

 

On February 8, 2024, the Company issued and sold 20,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Dr. Steve Slilaty for a purchase price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

 

In connection with the foregoing, we relied upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for transactions not involving a public offering.

 

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

(a)

Exhibits.

 

1.1		Form of Underwriting Agreement (filed herewith)
3.1		Articles of Incorporation (2)
3.2		Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed November 2, 2009 (3)
3.3		Statement of Share and Equity Capital Exchange (4)
3.4		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed July 13, 2010 (4)
3.5		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation filed May 27, 2015 (5)
3.6		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (6)
3.7		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (7)
3.8		Bylaws (14)
4.1		Description of Registrant’s Securities (16)
5.1		Opinion of Andrew I. Telsey, P.C. (filed herewith)
5.2		Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (filed herewith)
10.1		Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation (8)
10.2		Second Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation (9)
10.3		Amendment No. 1 to Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation dated October 8, 2016, including Secured Convertible Promissory Note (10)
10.4		Amendment No. 1 to Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation dated December 28, 2016, including Secured Convertible Promissory Note (10)
10.5		Form of Warrant, dated February 17, 2024 (1)
10.6		Warrant Agent Agreement between the Company and Equiniti , dated February 17, 2022 (1)
10.7		Sponsored Research Agreement, dated October 6, 2020, between the Company and the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. (11) *
10.8		Research Agreement between the Company and Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona (12)
10.9		Form of Warrant, dated March 14, 2022 (15)
10.10		Form of Amendment to Warrant, dated March 24, 2022 (17)
10.11		Employment Agreement between Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and Dr. Steve Slilaty (18)
10.12		Form of Warrant, dated April 28, 2022 (19)
10.13		Share Purchase Agreement between Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., Malek Chamoun and Nora Pharma Inc. (20)
10.14		Employment Agreement between Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., Nora Pharma Inc. and Malek Chamoun (20)
10.15		License Agreement between the Company and the University of Arizona (22) **
10.16		Form of Warrant, dated May 16, 2023 (22)
10.17		Amendment No. 1 to Warrant Agent Agreement, dated October 18, 2023 (23)

 

 

 

 

10.18		2023 Equity Incentive Plan (24)
10.19		Form of Warrant Agency Agreement for this offering (filed herewith)
10.20		Form of Pre-Funded Warrant for this Offering (filed herewith)
10.21		Form of Series A Warrant for this Offering (filed herewith)
10.22		Form of Series B Warrant for this Offering (filed herewith)
14.1		Code of Ethics (13)
21		Subsidiaries (25)
23.1		Consent of BF Borgers CPA PC (filed herewith)
23.2		Consent of Andrew I. Telsey, P.C. (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3		Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2)
107		Fee Table (previously filed)
EX-101		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
EX-104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in IXBRL, and included in exhibit 101).

_______________________

*

Portions of the exhibit have been omitted.

 

(1)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2022
(2)	Incorporated by reference to SB-2 filed with the SEC on October 19, 2007.
(3)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on November 6, 2009.
(4)	Incorporated by reference to 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 4, 2010.
(5)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2015.
(6)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2020.
(7)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed February 9, 2022.
(8)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 9, 2015.
(9)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on December 28, 2015.
(10)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2016.
(11)	Incorporated by reference to S-1/A filed with the SEC on January 24, 2022.
(12)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
(13)	Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2020.
(14)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on April 19, 2023.
(15)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2022.
(16)	Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2022.
(17)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2022.
(18)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on April 8, 2022.
(19)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022.
(20)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 20, 2022.
(21)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023.
(22)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2023.
(23)	Incorporated by reference to 8-K filed with the SEC on October 20, 2023.
(24)	Incorporated by reference to S-8 filed with the SEC on January 8, 2024.
(25)	Incorporated by reference to 10-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023.

 

 

 

 

(b) Financial statement schedule.

 

None.

  

Item 17. Undertakings.

 

(a)	The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1)	To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i)	To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii)	To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii)	To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
(2)	That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3)	To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4)	That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i)	If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B (§230.430B of this chapter):
(A)	Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) (§230.424(b)(3) of this chapter) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B)	Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) (§230.424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) of this chapter) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) (§230.415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) of this chapter) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

 

 

 

 

(ii)	If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C (§230.430C of this chapter), each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A (§230.430A of this chapter), shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(5)	That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
	The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i)	Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 (§230.424 of this chapter);
(ii)	Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii)	The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv)	Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b)	Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of New York, State of New York, on February 9, 2024.

 

	SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.
	By:	/s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty
		Dr. Steve N. Slilaty
		Chief Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature		Title		Date
/s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty		Chief Executive Officer and Director		February 9, 2024
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty		(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Camille Sebaaly *		Chief Financial Officer		February 9, 2024
Camille Sebaaly		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki *		Director		February 9, 2024
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki
/s/  David Natan *		Director		February 9, 2024
David Natan
/s/ Dr. Andrew Keller *		Director		February 9, 2024
Dr. Andrew Keller
/s/ Dr. Rabi Kiderchah *		Director		February 9, 2024
Dr. Rabi Kiderchah

 

 

 * By /s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty

Attorney-in-fact

 

 

 

Exhibit 1.1

 

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

 

[●], 2024

 

Aegis Capital Corp.

1345 Avenue of the Americas, 27th Floor

New York, NY 10105

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), agrees, subject to the terms and conditions in this agreement (this “Agreement”), to issue and sell to Aegis Capital Corp. (the “Underwriter”) an aggregate of [●] of the Company’s units (each, a “Closing Unit”), with each Closing Unit consisting of either: (A) one (1) share of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Closing Shares”) of the Company (the “Common Stock”) and one-tenth (1/10th) of a Series A warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1500.0% of the per Closing Common Unit (as defined below) offering price; and two-tenths (2/10th) of a Series B warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1700.0% of the per Closing Common Unit (as defined below) offering price (each, a “Closing Common Unit”); or (B) one pre-funded warrant (each, a “Pre-funded Warrant”) to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 and one-tenth (1/10th) of a Series A warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per-Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1500.0% of the per Closing Common Unit offering price; and two-tenths (2/10th) of a Series B warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per-Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1700.0% of the per Closing Common Unit offering price (each, a “Closing Pre-funded Unit”). The shares of Common Stock referred to in this Section are hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Shares”; the Warrants referred to in this Section are hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Warrants”; and the Pre-funded Warrants referred to in this Section are hereinafter referred to as the “Closing Pre-funded Warrants.” No Closing Common Units will be certificated, and the Closing Shares and the Closing Warrants comprising the Closing Common Units will be separated immediately upon issuance. No Closing Pre-funded Units will be certificated, and the Closing Pre-funded Warrants and the Closing Warrants comprising the Closing Pre-funded Units will be separated immediately upon issuance. At the option of the Underwriter, the Company agrees, subject to the terms and conditions herein, to issue and sell additional Option Securities (as defined in Section 4.2 hereof). The Closing Units and the Option Securities are herein referred to collectively as the “Securities”. The number of Closing Units and Option Securities to be purchased by the Underwriter is set forth opposite its name in Schedule 4.1.2 hereto. Aegis Capital Corp. has agreed to act as the Underwriter in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

 

1.

Definitions.

 

1.1. “Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.2. “Applicable Time” means Eastern Time on the date hereof.

 

1.3. “Bona Fide Electronic Road Show” means a “bona fide electronic road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act) that the Company has made available without restriction by “graphic means” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) to any person.

 

1.4. “Business Day” means a day on which the Nasdaq Capital Market is open for trading and on which banks in New York are open for business and not permitted by law or executive order to be closed.

 

1.5. “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

1.6. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.7. “Exempt Issuance” means securities issued (i) under the Company’s current or future equity incentive plans or issued to employees, directors, consultants or officers as compensation or consideration in the ordinary course of business, including any issuance of options (and the underlying shares of Common Stock) in exchange for options issued under the Company’s equity incentive plans, (ii) issued pursuant to agreements, options, restricted share units or convertible securities existing as of the date hereof provided the terms are not modified, (iii) issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions (whether by merger, consolidation, purchase of equity, purchase of assets, reorganization or otherwise) approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the Standstill Period, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

 

1.8. “Final Prospectus” means the prospectus in the form first filed with the Commission pursuant to and within the time limits described in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.

 

1.9. “Free Writing Prospectus” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.10. “Indebtedness” means (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000 in aggregate (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $100,000 in aggregate due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.

 

1.11. “Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

1.12. “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means an “issuer free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 433(h)(1) under the Securities Act).

 

 

1.13. “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

1.14. “Preliminary Prospectus” means any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement prior to the time at which the Commission declared the Registration Statement effective.

 

1.15. “Pricing Disclosure Package” means the Preliminary Prospectus collectively with this Agreement (including documents attached hereto or incorporated by reference herein) and the documents and pricing information set forth in Schedule 1.15 hereto.

 

1.16. “Prospectus Delivery Period” means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Units as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter a prospectus relating to the Units is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Units by the Underwriter or dealer.

 

1.17. “Registration Statement” means (a) the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817), including a prospectus, registering the offer and sale of the Closing Units under the Securities Act as amended at the time the Commission declared it effective, including each of the exhibits, financial statements and schedules thereto, (b) any Rule 430A Information, and (c) any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, including in each case any documents incorporated by reference therein.

 

 

 

 

1.18. “Rule 430A Information” means the information deemed, pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, to be part of the Registration Statement at the time the Commission declared the Registration Statement effective.

 

1.19. “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement” means an abbreviated registration statement to register the offer and sale of additional Units pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act.

 

1.20. “Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.21. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.22. “Standstill Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.11.1 hereof.

 

1.23. “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or Written Communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act and Rule 163B thereunder.

 

1.24. “U.S. Company Counsel” means, with respect to New York law and federal securities law, Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, with office at 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor New York, New York 10036, and with respect to Colorado law, Andrew I. Telsey, P.C.

 

1.25. “Written Communication” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.26. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communications” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a Written Communication.

 

2.

Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Underwriter that the following matters are true and accurate and do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriter shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriter as to the matters set forth therein.

 

2.1. Registration Statement. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement with the Commission under the Securities Act. The Commission has declared the Registration Statement effective under the Securities Act and the Company has not as of the date of this Agreement filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement. The Commission has not issued any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any order preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, the Final Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Testing-the-Waters Communication, and no proceedings for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act have been initiated, are pending before or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission.

 

2.1.1. The Registration Statement, at the time it became effective, did not contain, and any post-effective amendment thereto, as of the effective date of such amendment, will not contain, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement (including any post-effective amendment thereto), the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus (including any amendments or supplements thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Testing-the-Waters Communication, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information under “Discretionary Accounts,” “Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Securities,” “Stabilization,” and “Passive Market Making” in the Underwriting section of the Registration Statement. (collectively, the “Underwriter Information”).

 

 

 

 

2.1.2. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective and at the date hereof, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act.

 

2.2. Pricing Disclosure Package. The Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date (as defined below) and as of any Additional Closing Date (as defined below), as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

 

2.3. Final Prospectus.

 

2.3.1. Each of the Final Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, as of its date, as of the time it is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, as of the Closing Date and as of any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

 

2.3.2. Each of the Final Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time it is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, as of the Closing Date and as of any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act.

 

2.4. Preliminary Prospectuses.

 

2.4.1. Each Preliminary Prospectus, when considered together with any amendments or supplements thereto, as of the time it was filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act, if any, did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

 

2.4.2. Each Preliminary Prospectus, when considered together with any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time it was filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act, if any, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act.

 

2.5. Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses.

 

2.5.1. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to the delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, as of the date of such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and will not, as of the Closing Date and as of any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.

 

2.5.2. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, at the time of filing with the Commission, complied or will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act.

 

2.5.3. The Company has filed, or will file, with the Commission, within the time period specified in Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any Free Writing Prospectus it is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act. The Company has made available any Bona Fide Electronic Road Show used by it in compliance with Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) under the Securities Act such that no filing of any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act) (“Road Show”) is required in connection with the offering of the Units.

 

 

 

 

2.5.4. Except for the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, set forth in Schedule 2.5.4 hereto and electronic road shows, if any, each furnished to the Underwriter before first use, the Company has not used, authorized the use of, referred to or participated in the planning for use of, and will not, without the prior consent of the Underwriter, use, authorize the use of, refer to or participate in the planning for use of, any Free Writing Prospectus.

 

2.6. Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not (x) alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Underwriter or any underwriter that the Company has previously identified to the Underwriter with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Act, and (y) authorized anyone other than the Underwriter, or any underwriter that the Company has previously identified to the Underwriter, to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications.

 

2.7. No Other Disclosure Materials. Other than the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus and the Road Show, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriter or any underwriter that the Company has previously identified to the Underwriter, as to which no representation or warranty is given) has not, directly or indirectly, distributed, prepared, used, authorized, approved or referred to, and will not distribute, prepare, use, authorize, approve or refer to, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Units.

 

2.8. Reserved.

 

2.9. Smaller Reporting Company. From the time of initial filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.

 

2.10. Due Authorization. The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby has been duly and validly taken.

 

2.11. Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties hereto, constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as (i) the enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally or by general equitable principles (whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity) relating to enforceability and (ii) rights to indemnification and contribution hereunder may be limited by applicable law and public policy considerations.

 

2.12. No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus (in each case exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto), since the date of the most recent financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could result in a material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, or results of operations, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as a whole; (ii) there has been no change in the share capital (other than (A) the issuance of Shares upon the exercise or settlement (including any “net” or “cashless” exercises or settlements) of stock options, restricted stock units or warrants described as outstanding, (B) the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans, or (C) the repurchase of shares of Common Stock by the Company, which were issued pursuant to the early exercise of stock options by option holders and are subject to repurchase by the Company, in each case, as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus), or material change in the short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, considered as a whole; and (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as a whole, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent (whether or not in the ordinary course of business); nor entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as a whole; and (iv) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries of the Company, any of its subsidiaries on any class of capital stock or repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.

 

 

 

 

2.13. Organization and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries. The Company and each of its subsidiaries have been duly incorporated and are validly existing and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority (corporate and other) necessary to own, lease or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, except where the failure to be in good standing, to be so qualified or to have such power or authority could not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as a whole, or adversely affect the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a “Material Adverse Effect”).

 

2.14. Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization”. All of the outstanding capital stock of the Company has been duly authorized and validly issued and is fully paid and non-assessable. The Securities have been duly authorized and, when issued and paid for as contemplated herein, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company; and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken. None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. Except for the right of participation granted pursuant to the Company’s private placement that closed on May 16, 2023 or as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, there are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any Shares of, or other equity interest in, the Company or any of its subsidiaries. All of the outstanding shares of, or other equity interest in, each of the Company’s subsidiaries (i) have been duly authorized and validly issued, (ii) are fully paid and non-assessable, and (iii) are owned by the Company, directly or through the Company’s subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, charge, claim or restriction on voting or transfer (collectively, “Liens”).

 

2.15. Common Stock Incentive Plans. With respect to the Common Stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the Common Stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Common Stock Incentive Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholders approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any), to the Company’s knowledge, was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in all material respects in accordance with the terms of the Company Common Stock Incentive Plans, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”) in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company.

 

2.16. No Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is: (i) in violation of its charter, by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant, condition or other obligation contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, contract, undertaking or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective properties or assets, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

 

 

 

 

2.17. No Conflicts. None of (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company, (ii) the issuance, sale and delivery of the Closing Units or the Option Securities, (iii) the application of the proceeds of the offering as described under “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, or (iv) the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein will: (x) result in any violation of the terms or provisions of the charter, by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (y) conflict with, result in a breach or violation of, or require the approval of stockholders, members or partners or any approval or consent of any persons under, any of the terms or provisions of, constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification, or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, note agreement, contract, undertaking or other agreement, obligation, condition, covenant or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (z) result in the violation of any law, statute, judgment, order, rule, decree or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any court, arbitrator, governmental or regulatory authority, agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets.

 

2.18. No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, filing, registration, license or qualification of or with any court, arbitrator, or governmental or regulatory authority, agency, or body is required for (i) the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement; (ii) the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities; or (iii) the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, filings, registrations or qualifications as (x) have already been obtained or made and are still in full force and effect, (y) may be required by FINRA and the Nasdaq Capital Market, and (z) may be required under applicable federal or state securities laws in connection with the purchase, distribution and resale of the Securities by the Underwriter.

 

2.19. Independent Accountants. BF Borgers CPA PC, which expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and as required by the Securities Act.

 

2.20. Financial Statements and Other Financial Data. The financial statements (including the related notes thereto), together with the supporting schedules, included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly the consolidated financial position of the entities to which they relate as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements, notes and schedules have been prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the notes thereto and except, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, subject to normal year end audit adjustments and the exclusion of certain footnotes as permitted by the applicable rules of the Commission. The financial data set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus under the captions “Capitalization” present fairly the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus.

 

2.21. Statistical and Market-Related Data. The statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes to be accurate and reliable in all material respects.

 

2.22. Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

 

2.23. Legal Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, (i) there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings (collectively, “Actions”) pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be a party or to which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, could have a Material Adverse Effect; and (ii) to the knowledge of the Company, no such Actions are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or by others.

 

 

 

2.24. Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened or contemplated that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

2.25. Intellectual Property Rights. (i) The Company and its subsidiaries own or have the right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, and other source indicators and registrations and applications for registration thereof, domain name registrations, copyrights and registrations and applications for registration thereof, technology and know-how, trade secrets, and all other intellectual property and related proprietary rights (collectively, “Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses; (ii) other than as disclosed in the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of infringement, misappropriation or other conflict with (and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is otherwise aware of any infringement, misappropriation or other conflict with) the Intellectual Property Rights of any other person, except for such infringement, misappropriation or other conflict as could not have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property Rights of the Company and its subsidiaries are not being infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated by any person.

 

2.26. Licenses and Permits. (i) The Company and its subsidiaries possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations, approvals, licenses and permits (collectively, “Authorizations”) issued by, and have made all declarations, amendments, supplements and filings with, the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to own, lease and operate their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus; (ii) all such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Authorizations; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation, termination or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such Authorization or has any reason to believe that any such Authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where, in the case of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to possess, make or obtain such Authorizations (by possession, declaration or filing) could not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

2.27. Title to Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to, or have valid and enforceable rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real property and personal property (other than with respect to Intellectual Property Rights, which is addressed exclusively in Section 2.25) that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims, and defects and imperfections of title, except such liens, encumbrances, claims, defects and imperfections as (i) are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, or (ii) do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to, or have valid and enforceable rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title, except such liens, encumbrances, claims, defects and imperfections as (i) are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, or (ii) do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries. All items of real and personal property held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries.

 

2.28. Taxes. The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date hereof or have timely requested extensions thereof and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company). The charges, accruals and reserves in respect of any income and other tax liability in the financial statements of the Company referred to in Section 2.20 are adequate, in accordance with GAAP principles, to meet any assessments for any taxes of the Company accruing through the end of the last period specified in such financial statements.

 

 

 

 

2.29. Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Closing Units hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The Registration Statement sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.

 

2.30. Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offer and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds therefrom as described under “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, will be required to register as an “investment company” (as defined in the Investment Company Act).

 

2.31. Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries are insured by recognized, financially sound institutions in such amounts, with such amounts, with such deductibles and covering such losses and risks as the Company reasonably believes to be adequate for the conduct of their respective businesses and the value of their respective properties and as is prudent and customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries. All insurance policies and fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Company and its subsidiaries or their respective businesses, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect; the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies in all material respects; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required to be made in order to continue such insurance; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for. There are no claims by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any such policy as to which any insurer is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that could not have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

2.32. No Stabilization or Manipulation. None of the Company, nor its Affiliates, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any person acting on its or any of their behalf (other than the Underwriter, as to which no representation or warranty is given) has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company. The Company acknowledges that the Underwriter may engage in passive market making transactions in the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Exchange”) in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation M”).

 

2.33. Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, its officers and directors, in their capacities as such, are and have been in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

2.34. Accounting Controls. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting and the Company is not aware of any other material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated). Other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, since the date of the most recent balance sheet included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, (x) the Company’s auditors and the board of directors of the Company have not been advised of (A) any new significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its subsidiaries which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial data; or (B) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a role in the internal control over financial reporting of the Company or its subsidiaries; and (y) there have been no significant changes in the internal control over financial reporting of the Company or its subsidiaries or in other factors that could significantly affect, such internal control over financial reporting, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus.

 

 

2.35. Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company and its subsidiaries have established and maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company and its subsidiaries in the reports they file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to perform the functions for which they were established.

 

2.36. Compliance with Environmental Laws. The Company and each of its subsidiaries (i) are, and at all times prior hereto were, in compliance with all Environmental Laws (as defined below) applicable to such entity, which compliance includes, without limitation, obtaining, maintaining and complying with all permits and authorizations and approvals required by Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (ii) have not received notice or otherwise have knowledge of any actual or alleged violation of Environmental Laws, or of any actual or potential liability for or other obligation concerning the presence, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, and, except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, (x) there are no proceedings that are pending, or known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under Environmental Laws, other than such proceedings regarding which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (y) to the knowledge of the Company, none of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is aware of any issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, including any pending or proposed Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental Laws or concerning hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its subsidiaries; and (z) none of the Company or any of its subsidiaries anticipates material capital expenditures relating to Environmental Laws. As used herein, the term “Environmental Laws” means any laws, regulations, ordinances, rules, orders, judgments, decrees, permits or other legal requirements of any governmental authority, including, without limitation, any international, foreign, national, state, provincial, regional, or local authority, relating to pollution, the protection of human health or safety, the environment, or natural resources, or to the use, handling, storage, manufacturing, transportation, treatment, discharge, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants.

 

2.37. ERISA. Each “employee benefit plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)) for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Code) would have any liability (each, a “Plan”) complies in form with the requirements of all applicable statutes, rules and regulations including ERISA and the Code, and has been maintained and administered in substantial compliance with its terms and with the requirements of all applicable statutes, rules and regulations including ERISA and the Code; (ii) with respect to each Plan subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 and 430 of the Code (A) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur, (B) no failure to satisfy the minimum funding standard (within the meaning of Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 and 430 of the Code), whether or not waived, has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur, (C) the fair market value of the assets under each Plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan) and (D) neither the Company or any member of its Controlled Group has incurred, or reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a “multiemployer plan”, within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); (iii) each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; and (iv) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan excluding transactions to which a statutory or administrative prohibited transaction exemption applies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.38. FDA. As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA. The Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.

 

2.39. Related Party Transactions. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, other Affiliates, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other hand, that would be required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus.

 

2.40. No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer of the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee, Affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee; (iii) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment; or (iv) violated or is in violation of any provision of (y) the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “FCPA”), or (z) any non-U.S. anti-bribery or anti-corruption statute or regulation. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted and maintain and enforce policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

 

2.41. Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.42. Compliance with OFAC. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any director, officer of the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee or Affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is an individual or entity (an “OFAC Person”), or is owned or controlled by an OFAC Person, that is currently the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other OFAC Person (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any OFAC Person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or the target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any OFAC Person (including any OFAC Person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. Since the Company’s inception, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any OFAC Person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

 

2.43. No Registration Rights. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any person, on the other hand, granting such person any rights to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to include such securities in any securities to be registered pursuant to any registration statement to be filed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under the Securities Act.

 

2.44. Subsidiaries. The subsidiaries of the Company shall be referred to hereinafter each as a “Subsidiary” and collectively as “Subsidiaries.” The Subsidiaries of the Company are as set forth in Exhibit 23.1 to the Registration Statement and such Subsidiaries are the only “significant subsidiaries” (as defined under Rule 1.02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act) of the Company (the “Significant Subsidiaries”).

 

2.45. No Restrictions on Subsidiaries. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, no Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary’s share capital or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such Subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company.

 

2.46. Exchange Listing. The Common Stock is listed on the Exchange, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing, except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

2.47. Exchange Act Registration. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) under the Exchange Act. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.

 

2.48. Prior Securities Transactions. No securities of the Company have been sold by the Company or by or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any person or persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

2.49. Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable as a result of the Underwriter and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights hereunder (including documents incorporated herein by reference or attached hereto).

 

 

 

 

 

2.50. D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires (the “Questionnaires”) completed by each of the Company’s directors, officers and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the Company’s Common Stock immediately prior to the Offering as supplemented by all information concerning the Company’s directors, officers and principal stockholders as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Underwriter is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the Questionnaires to become inaccurate and incorrect in any material respect.

 

2.51. No Integrated Offering. Neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Closing Units to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable stockholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

 

2.52. Litigation; Governmental Proceedings. There is no material action, suit, proceeding, inquiry, arbitration, investigation, litigation or governmental proceeding pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against, or involving the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any executive officer or director which has not been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which is required to be disclosed.

 

2.53. FINRA Matters.

 

2.53.1.  No Broker’s Fees. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or the Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.

 

2.53.2.  Payments Within Six (6) Months. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the six (6) months prior to the initial filing of the Registration Statement, other than the payment to the Underwriter as provided hereunder in connection with the Offering.

 

2.53.3.  Use of Proceeds. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.

 

2.53.4.  FINRA Affiliation. There is no (i) officer or director of the Company, (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, any beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company’s securities or (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, any beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180-day period immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement that is an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).

 

2.53.5.  Information. All information provided by the Company in its FINRA questionnaire to Underwriter counsel specifically for use by Underwriter counsel in connection with its Public Offering System filings (and related disclosure) with FINRA is true, correct and complete in all material respects.

 

3.

Representations and Warranties of the Underwriter. The Underwriter represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Company:

 

3.1. No Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Underwriter has not (i) alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication and (ii) authorized anyone to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Underwriter has not distributed, or authorized anyone else to distribute, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications.

 

 

 

 

4.

Purchase and Resale.

 

4.1. Agreements to Sell and Purchase. On the basis of the representations, warranties and covenants herein and subject to the conditions herein and any adjustments made in accordance with Section 4.3 hereof,

 

4.1.1. The Company agrees to issue and sell the Closing Units to the Underwriter; and

 

4.1.2. The Underwriter agrees to purchase from the Company the number of Closing Units set forth opposite the Underwriter’s name in Schedule 4.1.2 hereto, subject to such adjustments as the Underwriter in its sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional Shares.

 

4.1.3. The Closing Units are to be offered initially to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of the Final Prospectus (the “Public Offering Price”). The purchase price per Closing Unit to be paid by the Underwriter to the Company shall be $[●] per Unit (the “Purchase Price”), which represents the Public Offering Price less an underwriting discount of 8.0% and a non-accountable expense allowance of 1.0%.

 

4.1.4. Payment for the Closing Units (the “Closing Units Payment”) shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Company to the Underwriter at the offices of Kaufman & Canoles, P.C. at 10:00 a.m., ET, on [●], 2024 or at such other place on the same or such other date and time, not later than the fifth (5th) Business Day thereafter, as the Underwriter and the Company may agree upon in writing (the “Closing Date”). The Closing Units Payment shall be made against delivery of the Closing Units to be purchased on the Closing Date to the Underwriter with any transfer taxes, stamp duties and other similar taxes payable in connection with the sale of the Closing Units duly paid by the Company.

 

4.2. Over-Allotment Option.

 

4.2.1. On the basis of the representations, warranties and covenants herein and subject to the conditions herein, the Underwriter is hereby granted an option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) to purchase, in the aggregate, up to [●] additional shares of Common Stock, representing 15.0% of the Closing Shares and Pre-funded Warrants sold in the offering from the Company (the “Option Shares”) and/or up to [●] Series A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of an additional [●] shares of Common Stock, representing 15.0% of the Closing Series A Warrants sold in the offering from the Company; and/or [●] Series B Warrants to purchase an aggregate of an additional [●] shares of Common Stock, representing 15.0% of the Closing Series B Warrants sold in the offering from the Company (the “Option Warrants”). The purchase price to be paid per Option Share shall be equal to the purchase price per Closing Unit set forth in Section 4.1 hereof (less $0.01 attributable to each whole Option Warrant included in the Closing Unit) and the purchase price to be paid per Option Warrant shall be equal to $0.01 per Option Warrant. The Over-allotment Option is, at the Underwriter’s sole discretion, for Option Shares and Option Warrants together, solely Option Shares, solely Option Warrants, or any combination thereof (each, an “Option Security” and collectively, the “Option Securities”). The Closing Units and the Option Securities are collectively referred to as the “Securities”. The Securities and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-funded Warrants and the Warrants (the “Underlying Shares”), are collectively referred to as the “Public Securities.” The Public Securities shall be issued directly by the Company and shall have the rights and privileges described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Closing Warrants and the Option Warrants, if any, shall be issued pursuant to, and shall have the rights and privileges set forth in, the form of Warrant, and the Closing Pre-funded Warrants shall be issued pursuant to, and shall have the rights and privileges set forth in, the form of Pre-funded Warrant. The offering and sale of the Public Securities is herein referred to as the “Offering”.

 

4.2.2. upon an exercise of the Over-Allotment Option and subject to the terms and conditions herein, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Option Securities to the Underwriter;

 

4.2.3. The Underwriter may exercise the Over-Allotment Option at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the forty-fifth (45th) day following the date of the Final Prospectus, by written notice from the Underwriter to the Company (the “Over-Allotment Exercise Notice”). The Underwriter must give the Over-Allotment Exercise Notice to the Company at least two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date or the applicable Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. The Underwriter may cancel any exercise of the Over-Allotment Option at any time prior to the Closing Date or the applicable Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, by giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company.

 

 

 

 

4.2.4. The Over-Allotment Exercise Notice shall set forth each of the following:

 

4.2.4.1  the aggregate number of Option Securities as to which the Over-Allotment Option is being exercised.

 

4.2.4.2  the Over-Allotment Option Purchase Price.

 

4.2.4.3  the names and denominations in which the Option Securities are to be registered.

 

4.2.4.4  the applicable Additional Closing Date, which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date nor later than the tenth (10th) full Business Day after the date of the Over-Allotment Exercise Notice.

 

4.2.5. Payment for the Option Securities (the “Option Securities Payment”) shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Company to the Underwriter at the offices of Kaufman & Canoles, P.C. at 10:00 a.m. ET on the date specified in the corresponding Over-Allotment Exercise Notice, or at such other place on the same or such other date and time, not later than the fifth Business Day thereafter, as the Underwriter and the Company may agree upon in writing (an “Additional Closing Date”). The Option Securities Payment shall be made against delivery to the Underwriter for the respective accounts of the Underwriter of the Option Securities to be purchased on any Additional Closing Date, with any transfer taxes, stamp duties and other similar taxes payable in connection with the sale of the Option Securities duly paid by the Company. Delivery of the Option Securities shall be made through the facilities of DTC unless the Underwriter shall otherwise instruct.

 

4.3. Public Offering. The Company understands that the Underwriter intends to make a public offering of the Units as soon after the effectiveness of this Agreement as in the judgment of the Underwriter is advisable, and initially to offer the Units on the terms set forth in the Final Prospectus. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriter may offer and sell Units to or through any Affiliate of the Underwriter.

 

5.

Covenants of the Company. The Company hereby covenants and agrees with the Underwriter as follows:

 

5.1. Filings with the Commission. The Company will:

 

5.1.1. prepare and file the Final Prospectus (in a form approved by the Underwriter and containing the Rule 430A Information) with the Commission in accordance with and within the time periods specified by Rules 424(b) and 430A under the Securities Act.

 

5.1.2. file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus with the Commission to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act.

 

5.1.3. file with the Commission such reports as may be required by Rule 463 under the Securities Act.

 

5.2. Notice to the Underwriter. The Company will advise the Underwriter promptly, and confirm such advice in writing:

 

5.2.1. when the Registration Statement has become effective.

 

5.2.2. when the Final Prospectus has been filed with the Commission.

 

5.2.3. when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective.

 

5.2.4. when any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission.

 

5.2.5. when any supplement to the Final Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any amendment to the Final Prospectus has been filed or distributed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.2.6. of (x) any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Final Prospectus, (y) the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or (z) any other request by the Commission for any additional information, including, but not limited to, any request for information concerning any Testing-the-Waters Communication.

 

5.2.7. of (x) the issuance by the Commission of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or (y) the initiation or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act.

 

5.2.8. of the occurrence of any event or development within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which, the Final Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Final Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package, any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading.

 

5.2.9. of the issuance by any governmental or regulatory authority or any order preventing or suspending the use of any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Testing-the-Waters Communication or the initiation or threatening for that purpose.

 

5.2.10.  of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Units for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for such purpose.

 

5.3. Ongoing Compliance.

 

5.3.1. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period:

 

5.3.1.1  any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Final Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Final Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, the Company will, as soon as reasonably possible, notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to Section 5.4 hereof, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate such amendments or supplements to the Final Prospectus as may be necessary so that the statements in the Final Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Final Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading; or

 

5.3.1.2  it is necessary to amend or supplement the Final Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company will, as soon as reasonably possible, notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to Section 5.4 hereof, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate such amendments or supplements to the Final Prospectus as may be necessary so that the Final Prospectus will comply with applicable law; and

 

5.3.2. if at any time prior to the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be:

 

5.3.2.1  any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to Section 5.4 hereof, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package as may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading; or

 

 

 

5.3.2.2  it is necessary to amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply with applicable law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to Section 5.4 hereof, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package as may be necessary so that the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with applicable law.

 

5.4. Amendments, Supplements and Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. Before (i) using, authorizing, approving, referring to, distributing or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii) filing (x) any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or (y) any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Final Prospectus, or (iii) distributing any amendment or supplement to the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Final Prospectus, the Company will furnish to the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or other amendment or supplement for review and will not use, authorize, refer to, distribute or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or file or distribute any such proposed amendment or supplement (A) to which the Underwriter objects in a timely manner and (B) which is not in compliance with the Securities Act. The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act.

 

5.5. Delivery of Copies. The Company will, upon request of the Underwriter, deliver, without charge, (i) to the Underwriter, three signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case, including all exhibits and consents filed therewith; and (ii) to each Underwriter (A) a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits and consents) and (B) during the Prospectus Delivery Period, as many copies of the Final Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the Underwriter may reasonably request.

 

5.6. Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will use its best efforts, with the Underwriter’s cooperation, if necessary, to qualify or register (or to obtain exemptions from qualifying or registering) the Units for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Underwriter shall reasonably request and will use its reasonable best efforts, with the Underwriter’s cooperation, if necessary, to continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Units; provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii) file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

 

5.7. Earning Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Underwriter as soon as practicable an earning statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 under the Securities Act covering a period of at least 12 months beginning after the “effective date” (as defined in Rule 158 under the Securities Act) of the Registration Statement; provided that the Company will be deemed to have furnished such statement to its security holders and the Underwriter to the extent it is filed on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”).

 

5.8. Stockholder Approval. The Company shall (a) hold a special meeting of stockholders (which may also be at the annual meeting of stockholders) at the earliest practicable date after the date hereof, or (b) obtain by written consent the Stockholder Approval, but in no event later than twenty (20) days (which time period, for the avoidance of doubt, does not include the time required to file and mail an information statement on Schedule 14C with respect to such written consent as required under the Exchange Act), after the Closing Date for the purpose of obtaining Stockholder Approval (as defined below), if required to effect the purpose thereof, with the recommendation of the Board that such proposal be approved, and the Company shall, if applicable, solicit proxies from its stockholders in connection therewith in the same manner as all other management proposals in such proxy statement and all management-appointed proxyholders shall vote their proxies in favor of such proposal. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain such Stockholder Approval, and officers, directors and stockholders subject to Lock-Up Agreement pursuant to Section 8.9 shall, if applicable, cast their proxies in favor of such proposal. If the Company does not obtain Stockholder Approval at the first meeting or by written consent, the Company shall call a meeting every twenty (20) days thereafter to seek Stockholder Approval until the earlier of the date Stockholder Approval is obtained or the Warrants are no longer outstanding. “Stockholder Approval” has the meaning set forth in the Warrants.

 

 

 

 

5.9. Reverse Stock Split. The Company shall effect a reverse stock split within seven (7) business days after the date that is the earlier of the date on which (x) the first meeting of stockholders to obtain Stockholder Approval is held or (y) the items to be approved under the Stockholder Approval have been approved in accordance with the applicable laws and corporate governing documents of the Company (including, if applicable and without limitation, the filing and mailing of an information statement on Schedule 14C (the “First Reverse Split Date”). No reverse stock split shall be effectuated before the First Reverse Split Date, except if the consent has been obtained from a purchasers of a majority of the Closing Units.

 

5.10. Use of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Closing Units and the Option Securities in the manner described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus.

 

5.11. Clear Market.

 

5.11.1.  For a period of ninety (90) days after the Closing Date (the “Standstill Period”), the Company will not (x) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, or (y) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the shares of Common Stock or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (x) or (y) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter.

 

5.11.2.  The restrictions contained in Section 5.11.1 hereof shall not apply to: (A) the Units, (B) any shares of Common Stock issued under Company Common Stock Incentive Plans or warrants issued by the Company, in each case, described as outstanding in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, (C) any options and other awards granted under a Company Common Stock Incentive Plan as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit any registration statement in connection therewith to be filed publicly or declared effective during the Standstill Period (D) the amendment of a Company Common Stock Incentive Plan as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus, (E) the filing by the Company of any registration statement on Form S-8 or a successor form thereto relating to a Company Common Stock Incentive Plan described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus and (F) shares of Common Stock or other securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions (whether by merger, consolidation, purchase of equity, purchase of assets, reorganization or otherwise) approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the Standstill Period, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; provided, however, that any such shares of Common Stock or other securities issued or granted pursuant to clauses (B), (C) and (F) during the Standstill Period shall not be saleable in the public market until the expiration of the Standstill Period.

 

5.11.3.  If the Underwriter, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in any Lock-Up Agreement as described in Section 8.9 and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver substantially in the form of Exhibit 5.10.3.1 hereto at least three (3) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver, then the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Exhibit 5.10.3.2 hereto through a major news service at least two (2) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

 

 

 

 

5.11.4.  For a period of ninety (90) days after the date of the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market offering”, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled. The Underwriter shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

 

5.11.5.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 5.11 shall not apply to an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.

 

5.12. No Stabilization or Manipulation. None of the Company, its Affiliates or any person acting on its or any of their behalf (other than the Underwriter, as to which no covenant is given) will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that constitutes or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company. The Company acknowledges that the Underwriter may engage in passive market making transactions in the Common Stock on the Exchange in accordance with Regulation M.

 

5.13. Investment Company Act. The Company shall not invest, or otherwise use the proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Closing Units or the Option Securities in such a manner as would require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register as an “investment company” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) under the Investment Company Act.

 

5.14. Transfer Agent. For the period of two years from the date of this Agreement, the Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.

 

5.15. Reports. For the period of two years from the date of this Agreement, the Company will furnish to the Underwriter, as soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Common Stock, and copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission; provided that the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to the Underwriter to the extent they are filed on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system.

 

5.16. Right of First Refusal. The Company agrees that, if, for the period ending three (3) years after the Closing Date, the Company or any of its subsidiaries: (a) decides to finance or refinance any indebtedness, the Underwriter (or any affiliate designated by the Underwriter) shall have the right to act as sole book-runner, sole manager, sole placement agent or sole agent with respect to such financing or refinancing; or (b) decides to raise funds by means of a public offering (including at-the-market facility) or a private placement or any other capital raising financing of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, the Underwriter (or any affiliate designated by the Underwriter) shall have the right to act as sole book-running manager, sole underwriter or sole placement agent for such financing. If the Underwriter or one of its affiliates decides to accept any such engagement, the agreement governing such engagement (each, a “Subsequent Transaction Agreement”) will contain, among other things, provisions for customary fees for transactions of similar size and nature, but in no event will the fees be less than those outlined herein, and the provisions of this Agreement, including indemnification, that are appropriate to such a transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the decision to accept the Company’s engagement under this Section 5.16 shall be made by the Underwriter or one of its affiliates, by a written notice to the Company, within ten (10) days of the receipt of the Company’s notification of its financing needs, including a detailed term sheet. The Underwriter’s determination of whether in any case to exercise its right of first refusal will be strictly limited to the terms on such term sheet, and any waiver of such right of first refusal shall apply only to such specific terms. If the Underwriter waives its right of first refusal, any deviation from such terms (including without limitation after the launch of a subsequent transaction) shall void the waiver and require the Company to seek a new waiver from the right of first refusal on the terms set forth in this Section 5.16.

 

 

 

 

6.

Covenants of the Underwriter. The Underwriter hereby covenants and agrees with the Company as follows:

 

6.1. Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus. The Underwriter has not used, authorized the use of, referred to or participated in the planning for use of, and will not use, authorize the use of, refer to or participate in the planning for use of, any Free Writing Prospectus (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i) a Free Writing Prospectus that contains no “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act (“Issuer Information”) that was not included in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed in Schedule 2.5.4 hereto or prepared pursuant to Section 2.5.4 or Section 5.4 hereof (including any electronic road show), or (iii) any Free Writing Prospectus prepared by the Underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing.

 

6.2. Section 8A Proceedings. The Underwriter is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering of the Units and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period.

 

7.

Payment of Expenses.

 

7.1. Company Expenses. The Company hereby agrees to pay on the Closing Date all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and expenses relating to the registration of the Units with the Commission; (b) all filing fees and expenses associated with the review of the offering of the Units by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of the Shares and the Series A tradable Warrants and the Series B tradable Warrants on the Exchange (to the extent relevant) or on such other stock exchanges as the Company and the Underwriter together determine; (d) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of the Units under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the Underwriter may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of the Company’s “blue sky” counsel, which will be Underwriter’s counsel) unless such filings are not required in connection with the Company’s proposed Exchange listing; (e) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of the Securities under the securities laws of such foreign jurisdictions as the Underwriter may reasonably designate; (f) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents, the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Testing-the-Waters Communication and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto as the Underwriter may reasonably deem necessary; (g) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing the Shares; (h) fees and expenses of the transfer agent for the Shares; (i) transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to the Underwriter; (j) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; and (k) reasonable legal fees and disbursements for the Underwriter’s counsel. The total amount payable by the Company pursuant to (k) to the Underwriter shall not exceed $150,000. The Underwriter may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Underwriter. Except as provided for in this Agreement, the Underwriter shall bear the costs and expenses incurred by them in connection with the sale of the Units and the transactions contemplated thereby.

 

7.2. Non-accountable Expenses. On the Closing Date, the Company shall pay to the Underwriter, by deduction from the net proceeds of the Offering a non-accountable expense allowance equal to one percent (1.0%) of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Closing Units, provided, however, that in the event that the Offering is terminated, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriter pursuant to Section 12 hereof.

 

7.3. Underwriter Expenses. Except to the extent otherwise provided in this Section 7 or Section 9 hereof, the Underwriter will pay all of its own costs and expenses, including the fees and expenses of their counsel, any stock transfer taxes on resale of any of the Shares held by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.

 

7.4. Company Reimbursement. The provisions of this Section 7 shall not affect any agreement that the Company may make for the sharing of such costs and expenses.

 

 

 

 

8.

Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriter. The obligations of the Underwriter to purchase the Closing Units as provided herein on the Closing Date or the Option Securities as provided herein on any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be subject to the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional conditions:

 

8.1. Registration Compliance; No Stop Order.

 

8.1.1. The Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto shall have become effective, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission.

 

8.1.2. The Company shall have filed the Final Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus with the Commission in accordance with and within the time periods prescribed by Section 5.1 hereof.

 

8.1.3. The Company shall have (A) disclosed to the Underwriter all requests by the Commission for additional information relating to the offer and sale of the Units and (B) complied with such requests to the reasonable satisfaction of the Underwriter.

 

8.2. Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and the statements of the Company and its officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

8.3. Auditor Comfort Letters. On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, BF Borgers CPA PC shall have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus; provided that the letter delivered on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a “cut-off” date no more than two business days prior to the Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

8.4. No Material Adverse Change. No event or condition of a type described in Section 2.12 hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in each of the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus (in each case, exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto), the effect of which in the judgment of the Underwriter makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Units on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, in the manner and on the terms contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Final Prospectus (in each case, exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).

 

8.5. Opinion and Negative Assurance Letter of Counsel to the Company. U.S. Company Counsel shall each have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Company, its (i) written opinion, addressed to the Underwriter and dated the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and (ii) negative assurance letter, addressed to the Underwriter and dated the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, in each case, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter.

 

 

 

 

 

8.6. Officer’s Certificate. The Underwriter shall have received as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date as the case may be, a certificate of an executive officer of the Company who has specific knowledge of the Company’s financial matters and is satisfactory to the Underwriter, (i) confirming that such officer has carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and each Written Testing-the-Waters Communication and, to the knowledge of such officer, the representations set forth in Sections 2.1.2, 2.2, 2.3.1, 2.4.1, 2.5.1, and 2.6, hereof are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and (ii) confirming that all of the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and that the Company has complied with all agreements and covenants and satisfied all other conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

8.7. No Legal Impediment to Issuance and Sale. No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance, sale or delivery of the Closing Units or the Option Securities by the Company; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance, sale or delivery of the Closing Units or the Option Securities.

 

8.8. Good Standing. The Underwriter shall have received on and as of the Closing Date and any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries in its jurisdiction of incorporation, in writing from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdiction.

 

8.9. Lock-Up Agreements. The Lock-Up Agreements substantially in the form of Exhibit 8.9 hereto executed by the officers, directors and certain stockholders of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to the Underwriter on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

8.10. Exchange Listing. On the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject to notice of issuance.

 

8.11. Additional Documents. On or prior to the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Underwriter and its counsel shall have received such information, certificates and other additional documents from the Company as they may reasonably require in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the covenants, closing conditions or other obligations, contained in this Agreement.

 

All opinions, letters, certificates and other documents delivered pursuant to this Agreement will be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to counsel for the Underwriter.

 

If any condition specified in this Section 8 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement and all obligations of the Underwriter hereunder may be terminated by the Underwriter by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that the Company shall continue to be liable for the payment of expenses under Section 7 and Section 12 hereof and except that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 hereof shall at all times be effective and shall survive any such termination.

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.

Indemnification.

 

9.1. Indemnification of the Underwriter by the Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, its Affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, all reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), the Final Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Information, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any Road Show, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9.1 shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.

 

9.2. Indemnification of the Company by the Underwriter. The Underwriter agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, each officer who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, all reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in Section 9.1 hereof; provided, however, that the Underwriter shall be liable only to the extent that any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission was made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), the Final Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Information, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any Road Show in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Underwriter Information relating to the Underwriter. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Underwriter may otherwise have.

 

9.3. Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to any of the preceding subsections of this Section 9, such person (the “Indemnified Person”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the “Indemnifying Person”) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under any of the preceding subsections of this Section 9 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced by such failure; and provided, further, that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under any of the preceding subsections of this Section 9. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interest between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for (i) the Underwriter, its Affiliates, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall be designated in writing by the Underwriter; and (ii) the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall be designated in writing by the Company.

 

 

 

 

9.4. Settlements. The Indemnifying Person under this Section 9 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent may not be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify the Indemnified Person from and against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested an Indemnifying Person to reimburse the Indemnified Person for any reasonably incurred and documented fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this Section 9, the Indemnifying Person agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than forty-five (45) days after receipt by such Indemnifying Person of the aforesaid request, (ii) such Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request, or shall not have disputed in good faith the Indemnified Person’s entitlement to such reimbursement, prior to the date of such settlement and (iii) such Indemnified Person shall have given the Indemnifying Person at least forty-five (45) days’ prior notice of its intention to settle. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement, compromise or consent (x) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from and against all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and (y) does not include any statements as to or any findings of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.

 

10.

Contribution.

 

10.1. To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 9 hereof is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an Indemnified Person in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, on the one hand, and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter, on the other hand, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Final Prospectus bear to the aggregate initial offering price of the Units. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriter, on the other hand, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

10.2. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9 hereof, all reasonable legal or other fees or expenses incurred by such party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in Section 9 hereof with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 10; provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required with respect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 9 hereof for purposes of indemnification.

 

10.3. The Company and the Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 10 was determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 10.

 

 

 

10.4. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 10, the Underwriter shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter in connection with the Units distributed by it exceeds the amount of any damages the Underwriter has otherwise paid or become liable to pay by reason of any untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

10.5. For purposes of this Section 10, each director, officer, employee and agent of the Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Underwriter, and each director and officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company with the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.

 

10.6. The remedies provided for in Section 9 and Section 10 hereof are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.

 

11.

Termination.

 

11.1. Prior to the delivery of and payment for the Units on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, this Agreement may be terminated by the Underwriter in the absolute discretion of the Underwriter by notice given to the Company if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement: (i) trading or quotation of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended or materially limited on any securities exchange, quotation system or in the over-the-counter market; (ii) trading in securities generally on any of the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Stock Exchange or the over-the-counter market shall have been suspended or materially limited; (iii) a general banking moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York state authorities; (iv) there shall have occurred a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement, payment or clearance services in the United States; (v) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in general economic, financial or political conditions in the United States or internationally, as in the judgment of the Underwriter is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Units on the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, in the manner and on the terms described in the Pricing Disclosure Package or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; or (vi) the Company or any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Underwriter may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured.

 

11.2. Any termination pursuant to this Section 11 shall be without liability on the part of: (x) the Company to the Underwriter, except that the Company shall continue to be liable for the payment of expenses under Section 7; (y) the Underwriter to the Company; or (z) any party hereto to any other party except that the provisions of Section 9, Section 10 and this Section 11 hereof shall at all times be effective and shall survive any such termination. In the event this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section 11, the Underwriter shall be entitled to cash compensation of 8.0% of the gross proceeds with respect to any public or private offering or other financing or capital raising transaction of any kind (“Tail Financing”) to the extent that such financing or capital is provided to the Company by investors the Underwriter has introduced to and/or contacted on behalf of the Company through an in-person, electronic or telephonic communication or investors that Aegis had “wall-crossed” in connection with this Offering (or any entity under common management or having a common investment advisor), if such Tail Financing is consummated at any time within the three (3) months period beginning on the Closing, expiration or termination of this Agreement.

 

 

 

 

	12.	Reimbursement of the Underwriter’s Expenses. If (a) the Company fails to deliver the Units to the Underwriter for any reason at the Closing Date or any Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, in accordance with this Agreement or (b) the Underwriter declines to purchase the Units for any reason permitted under this Agreement, then the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriter for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriter) incurred by the Underwriter in connection with this Agreement and the applicable offering contemplated hereby.
	13.	Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the Underwriter set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter, the Company or any of their respective officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Units sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
	14.	Notices. All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given (i) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt), (ii) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested), (iii) on the date sent by facsimile (with confirmation of transmission) or email of a PDF document if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next Business Day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient, or (iv) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail (in each case, return receipt requested, postage pre-paid). Such communications must be sent to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 14):

If to the Underwriter:		Aegis Capital Corp. 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 27th Floor New York, NY 10105 Email: reide@aegiscap.com Attention: Robert Eide
with a copy to:		Kaufman & Canoles, P.C. Two James Center, 14th Floor, 1021 E. Cary St., Richmond, VA 23219 Email:awbasch@kaufcan.com  Attention:Anthony Basch
If to the Company:		Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor New York, NY 10036 Email:steve.slilaty@sunshinebiopharma.com Attention: Dr. Steve Slilaty
with copy to:		Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 31st Floor New York, New York 10036 Email:jcahlon@srfc.law Attention:Jeff Cahlon

Any party hereto may change the address or facsimile number for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others in accordance with this Section 14.

 

 

 

 

 

	15.	Successors. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriter, the Company and the other indemnified parties referred to in Section 9 and Section 10 hereof, and in each case their respective successors. Nothing in this Agreement is intended, or shall be construed, to give any other person or entity any legal or equitable right, benefit, remedy or claim under, or in respect of or by virtue of, this Agreement or any provision contained herein. The term “successors,” as used herein, shall not include any purchaser of the Units from the Underwriter merely by reason of such purchase.
	16.	Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
	17.	Governing Law. This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement, whether sounding in contract, tort or statute, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state (including its statute of limitations), without giving effect to the conflict of laws provisions thereof to the extent such principles or rules would require or permit the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of New York.
	18.	Consent to Jurisdiction. No legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (each, a “Related Proceeding”) may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which courts (collectively, the “Specified Courts”) shall have jurisdiction over the adjudication of any Related Proceeding, and the parties to this Agreement hereby irrevocably consent to the exclusive jurisdiction the Specified Courts and personal service of process with respect thereto. The parties to this Agreement hereby irrevocably waive any objection to the laying of venue of any Related Proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably waive and agree not to plead or claim in any Specified Court that any Related Proceeding brought in any Specified Court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
	19.	Equitable Remedies. Each party to this Agreement acknowledges and agrees that (a) a breach or threatened breach by the Company of any of its obligations under Section 5.11 or Section 5.16 would give rise to irreparable harm to the Underwriter for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy and (b) if a breach or a threatened breach by the Company of any such obligations occurs, the Underwriter will, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies that may be available to such party at law, at equity, or otherwise in respect of such breach, be entitled to equitable relief, including a temporary restraining order, an injunction, specific performance of the terms of Section 5.11 or Section 5.16 and any other relief that may be available from a court of competent jurisdiction, without any requirement to (i) post a bond or other security, or (ii) prove actual damages or that monetary damages will not afford an adequate remedy. Each party to this Agreement agrees that such party shall not oppose or otherwise challenge the existence of irreparable harm, the appropriateness of equitable relief or the entry by a court of competent jurisdiction of an order granting equitable relief, in either case, consistent with the terms of this Section 19.
	20.	Waiver of Jury Trial. The parties to this Agreement hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any Related Proceeding.
	21.	No Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) the purchase and sale of the Units pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the offering price of the Units and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriter, on the other hand; (ii) in connection with each transaction contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction the Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or its Affiliates, stockholders, members, partners, creditors or employees or any other party; (iii) the Underwriter has not assumed and will not assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to any of the transactions contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether the Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) or any other obligation to the Company except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement; (iv) the Underwriter and its respective Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company, and the Underwriter has no obligation to disclose any of such interests by virtue of any fiduciary or advisory relationship; and (v) the Underwriter has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice in any jurisdiction with respect to the offering contemplated hereby, and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent they deemed appropriate. The Company waives and releases, to the full extent permitted by applicable law, any claims it may have against the Underwriter arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the offering of the Units or any matters leading up to the offering of the Units.

 

 

 

 

	22.	Compliance with the USA Patriot Act. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Underwriter is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of its clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriter to properly identify their respective clients.
	23.	Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with any contemporaneous written agreements and any prior written agreements (to the extent not superseded by this Agreement) that relate to the offering of the Units, represents the entire agreement among the Company and the Underwriter with respect to the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Final Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, each Testing-the-Waters Communication and each Road Show, the purchase and sale of the Units and the conduct of the offering contemplated hereby.
	24.	Amendments or Waivers. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by all the parties hereto. No waiver by any party shall operate or be construed as a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by such written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after the waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement shall operate or be construed as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.
	25.	Section Headings. The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.
	26.	Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will be deemed to be one and the same agreement. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, email (including PDF or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000) or other transmission method, and any counterpart so delivered will be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.
	27.	Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

 

27.1. In the event that the Underwriter is a Covered Entity (as defined below) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from the Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below) if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

27.2. In the event that the Underwriter is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of the Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised against the Underwriter is permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

 

 

 

27.3. As used in this section:

 

27.3.1.  “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

 

27.3.2.  “Covered Entity” means any of the following:

 

27.3.2.1 a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

 

27.3.2.2 a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

 

27.3.2.3 a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

 

27.3.3.  “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

 

27.3.4.  “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

[SBFM Underwriting Agreement Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SBFM Underwriting Agreement Signature Page]

 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

 

Very truly yours,   SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.
By:
Name:		Dr. Steve Slilaty
Title:		Chief Executive Officer

 

Confirmed and accepted as of the date first above written:

 

AEGIS CAPITAL CORP.

 

By:
Name:		Robert Eide
Title:		Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 1.15

 

Pricing Disclosure Package

 

Number of Closing Shares: [●]

Number of Units containing Firm Shares (“Common Units”) [●]

Number of Units containing Pre-funded Warrants (“Pre-funded Units”) [●]

Number of Option Shares: [●]

Number of Option Common Warrants: [●]

Number of Option Series A Common Warrants: [●]

Public Offering Price per Common Unit: $[●]

Public Offering Price per Pre-Funded Unit: $[●]

Exercise Price per Pre-funded Warrant: $0.001

Exercise price per Series A Common Warrant per whole share: $[●]

Exercise price per Series B Common Warrant per whole share: $[●]

Underwriting Discount per Common Unit and per Pre-Funded Unit: $[●]

Non-accountable expense allowance per Common Unit and per Pre-Funded Unit: $[●]

Purchase Price per Option Share: $[●]

Purchase Price per Option Pre-funded Warrant: $[●]

Purchase Price per full Option Common Warrant: $0.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 2.5.4

 

Free Writing Prospectuses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 2.44

 

Significant Subsidiaries

 

Significant Subsidiaries		Place of Incorporation
[●]		[●]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE 4.1.2

 

Closing Securities

 

Underwriter		Number of Closing Units to Be Purchased		Number of Option Securities to Be Purchased if the Maximum Over-Allotment Option Is Exercised
Aegis Capital Corp.		[●]		[●]
Total:		[●]		[●]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 5.10.3.1

 

Form of Lock-Up Waiver

 

 

[●], 202[●]

 

[Waiver Recipient Name and Address]

 

Re: Lock-Up Agreement Waiver

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

[Pursuant to Section 8.9 of the Underwriting Agreement, dated [●], 2024 (the “Underwriting Agreement”), among Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), and Aegis Capital Corp. (the “Underwriter”), and the Lock-Up Agreement, dated [●], 2024 (the “Lock-Up Agreement”), between you and the Underwriter relating to the Company’s shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Share”), the Underwriter hereby gives its consent to allow you to sell up to [●] Share [solely from and including [DATE] to and including [DATE]].]

 

[Pursuant to Section 5.11 of the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriter hereby gives its consent to allow the Company to issue and sell up to [●] Shares pursuant to an offering of the Shares to commence prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period as defined in the Underwriting Agreement[, provided that such offering closes on or prior to [●]].]

 

AEGIS CAPITAL CORP.

 

	By:
	Name:		Robert Eide
	Title:		Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 5.10.3.2

 

Form of Lock-Up Waiver Press Release

 

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

 

[Date]

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”) announced today that Aegis Capital Corp., acting as the Underwriter in the Company’s recent public offering of the Company’s Units consisting of one (1) share of Common Stock; and one-tenth (1/10th) of a Series A warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per-Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1500.0% of the per Closing Common Unit offering price; and two-tenths (2/10th) of a Series B warrant to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per-Share exercise price of $[●] (representing 1700.0% of the per Closing Common Unit offering price, is [waiving] [releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to the Company’s shares of Common Stock held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer or director] of the Company. The [waiver] [release] will take effect on [Date], and the Shares may be sold on or after such date.

 

This press release is not an offer or sale of the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer or sale is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 8.9

 

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

 

Andrew I. Telsey, P.C.   Attorney at Law

6198 S. Moline Court, Englewood, Colorado 80111 Telephone: 303/521-7447 • E-Mail: andrew@telseylaw.com

 

 

February 9, 2024

 

 

Board of Directors

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

 

Re:	Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
	Form S-1/ Registration Statement and Related Prospectus
	SEC file No. 333-276817

 

Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as counsel to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the filing by the Company of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817) initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 1, 2024 and amended on February 8, 2024 (as so amended, the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Registration Statement relates to proposed issuance and sale by the Company of (i) 39,215,687 units (the “Closing Units”), with each Closing Unit consisting of either (A) one share of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value (“Common Stock”) (collectively, the “Closing Shares”) and one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A warrant (“Series A Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock (“Series B Warrant” and, together with the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”), or (B) one pre-funded warrant (each, a “Pre-funded Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 until such time as the Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised in full subject to adjustment as provided in the Pre-funded Warrant and one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock.. The Units, the Shares, the Warrants, the shares underlying the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”), the Pre-Funded Warrants and shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”) are referred to herein, collectively, as the “Securities.” The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the Securities is $67,850,000. The Securities are to be sold by the Company pursuant to an underwriting agreement by and between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., as the underwriter (the “Underwriting Agreement”).

 

You have requested our opinion as to the matters set forth below in connection with the issuance of the Securities. For purposes of rendering that opinion, we have examined: (i) the Registration Statement, (ii) the form of Underwriting Agreement, (iii) the Warrant Agency Agreement; (iv) the form of Series A Warrant, (v) the form of Series B Warrant, (vi) the form of Pre-Funded Warrant, (vii) the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended and in effect as of the date hereof (the “Charter”), (viii) the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), (ix) the Company’s stock ledger, and (x) the corporate action of the Company’s Board of Directors which, among other things, authorizes the issuance of the Securities. We have also reviewed such matters of law as we have deemed necessary to render the opinion expressed herein.

 

For the purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed that each document submitted to us is accurate and complete, that each such document that is an original is authentic, the conformity to the original or final versions of the documents submitted to us as copies or drafts, including without limitation, the Charter, the Bylaws, the Underwriting Agreement, the Warrant Agency Agreement and the forms of the Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants, and that all signatures on each such document are genuine. We have also assumed the legal capacity of natural persons and have made such other assumptions as are customary in opinion letters of this kind. We have not verified any of those assumptions or any of the other assumptions contained herein.

 

 

 

 

 

Our opinions set forth below in numbered paragraph 1, numbered paragraph 2, numbered paragraph 3 and numbered paragraph 4 are limited to the Colorado Business Corporation Act. Each of our opinions set forth below is subject to the application of equitable principles and considerations of public policy.

 

Based upon and subject to the foregoing, it is our opinion that:

 

1. The Closing Units have been duly authorized for issuance by the Company. The Closing Units, if and when issued, delivered and paid for as described in the prospectus related to the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”) and pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, receivership, moratorium and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors generally and to the exercise of judicial discretion in accordance with general principles of equity, whether applied by a court of law or equity.

 

2. The Closing Shares have been duly authorized for issuance by the Company and, when issued, delivered and paid for as described in the Prospectus and pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, will be validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable.

 

3. The Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants have been duly authorized for issuance by the Company.

 

4. The Warrant Shares and Pre-Funded Warrant Shares have been duly authorized for issuance by the Company and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor, upon exercise of the Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants, as applicable, in accordance with the terms therein and the terms of the Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants, as applicable, will be validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable.

 

The opinions set forth above are subject to the following additional assumptions:

 

(a) the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto (including any post-effective amendment) will have become effective under the Securities Act, and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated, suspended or rescinded;

 

(b) any Prospectus required by applicable law will have been delivered and filed as required by such laws;

 

(c) all Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will be (i) issued and sold in the manner provided in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (ii) issued and sold only upon payment of the consideration fixed therefor in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement, the Warrant Agency Agreement and, if applicable, the Securities themselves, and there will not have occurred any change in law or fact affecting the validity of the opinion rendered herein with respect thereto between the date hereof and the date of such issuance and (iii) duly noted in the Company’s stock or warrant ledger, as applicable, upon their issuance;

 

(d) the Company will have sufficient authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock at the time of each issuance of a Warrant Share or Pre-Funded Warrant Share upon the exercise of a Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant, as applicable, and each such Warrant Share or Pre-Funded Warrant Share, as applicable, as well as the Shares, will be noted in the Company’s stock ledger upon issuance;

 

 

 

 

 

 

(e) the Company’s Board of Directors shall have approved the issuance of the Closing Units, the final number of Securities to be issued and the price to be paid therefor pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and the Warrant Agency Agreement, as applicable, and

 

(f)  to the extent that the obligations of the Company under any Warrant Agency Agreement or other agreement pursuant to which any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement are to be issued or governed, including any amendment or supplement thereto, may be dependent upon such matters, (i) each party to any such agreement other than the Company (including any applicable warrant agent or other party acting in a similar capacity with respect to any Securities) will be duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that each such other party will be duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated thereby; (ii) each such agreement and the applicable Securities will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by each such other party and will constitute the valid and binding obligations of each such other party, enforceable against each such other party in accordance with their terms; (iii) each such other party will be in compliance, with respect to acting in any capacity contemplated by any such agreement, with all applicable laws and regulations; and (iv) each such other party will have the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under each such agreement.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter with the SEC as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus. In giving our consent, we do not thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any prospectus supplement within the meaning of the term “expert”, as used in Section 11 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, nor do we admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. We assume no obligation to update or supplement our opinion to reflect any changes of law or fact that may occur.

 

Yours truly,

 

ANDREW I. TELSEY, P.C.

 

/s/ ANDREW I. TELSEY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.2

 

 

 

February 9, 2024

 

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor

New York, NY 10036

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as counsel to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817) (such registration statement, as amended through the date hereof, the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the proposed offer and sale by the Company (the “Offering”) of units (each, a “Closing Unit”), with each Closing Unit consisting of either (A) one share of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”) (collectively, the “Closing Shares”) and one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A warrant (“Series A Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock (“Series B Warrant” and, together with the Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”), or (B) one pre-funded warrant (each, a “Pre-funded Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 until such time as the Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised in full subject to adjustment as provided in the Pre-funded Warrant and one-tenth (1/10) of a Series A Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock and two-tenths (2/10) of a Series B Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock. The term “Closing Units” also includes any additional Closing Units (and the underlying securities) that may be issued by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the Offering. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the Closing Units is $67,850,000.

 

This opinion letter is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.

 

We have reviewed originals or copies of the Registration Statement, the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”), the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, as amended through the date hereof (the “Organizational Documents”), the form of warrant agent agreement (the “Warrant Agent Agreement”) proposed to be entered into by the Company and Equiniti Trust Company, as warrant agent (the “Warrant Agent”), the form of Series A Warrant that is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Series A Warrant Agreement”), and the form of Series B Warrant that is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Series B Warrant Agreement”, together with the Warrant Agent Agreement, the Series A Warrant Agreement and the Series B Warrant Agreement, the “Transaction Documents”), and such other corporate records, agreements and documents of the Company, certificates or comparable documents of public officials and officers of the Company and have made such other investigations as we have deemed necessary as a basis for the opinions set forth below.

 

In rendering the opinion set forth below, we have assumed:

 

a.

the genuineness of all signatures;

 

b.

the legal capacity of natural persons;

 

c.

the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals;

 

d.

the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as duplicates or conformed copies;

 

e.

as to matters of fact, the truthfulness of the representations made in certificates or comparable documents of public officials and officers of the Company;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

f.

the board of directors of the Company or a duly constituted and acting committee of such board of directors will have taken all action necessary to set the public offering price of the Closing Units;

 

g.

with respect to the issuance of the Common Stock, the amount of valid consideration paid in respect of such Common Stock will equal or exceed the par value of such Common Stock; and

 

h.

neither the execution and delivery by the Company of the Transaction Documents nor the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder, including the issuance and sale of the Closing Units, Closing Shares, Warrants, Pre-funded Warrants, and the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Warrants and Pre-funded Warrants: (i) conflicts or will conflict with the Organizational Documents, (ii) constitutes or will constitute a violation of, or a default under, any lease, indenture, instrument or other agreement to which the Company or its property is subject, (iii) contravenes or will contravene any order or decree of any governmental authority to which the Company or its property is subject, or (iv) violates or will violate any law, rule or regulation to which the Company or its property is subject (except that we do not make the assumption set forth in this clause (iv) with respect to the Opined-on Law (as defined below).

 

We have not independently established the validity of the foregoing assumptions.

 

Our opinion is limited to the laws of the State of New York (the “Opined-on Law”) and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. This opinion letter speaks only as of its date.

 

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications, assumptions and limitations stated herein, we are of the opinion that:

 

1.

The Warrants included in the Closing Units, when the Closing Units are issued and sold by the Company in the manner contemplated in the Registration Statement and Prospectus against payment therefor, and assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of such Warrants by the Warrant Agent, will constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, under the laws of the State of New York, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).

 

2.

The Pre-Funded Warrants included in the Closing Units, when the Closing Units are issued and sold by the Company in the manner contemplated in the Registration Statement and Prospectus against payment therefor, and assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of such Pre-Funded Warrants by the Warrant Agent, will constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, under the laws of the State of New York, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

 

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.19

 

 

 

WARRANT AGENT AGREEMENT

 

This WARRANT AGENT AGREEMENT (this “Warrant Agreement”) dated as of February __, 2024 (the “Issuance Date”) is between Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), and Equiniti Trust Company (the “Warrant Agent”).

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the terms of that certain Underwriting Agreement (“Underwriting Agreement”), dated February __, 2024, by and among the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., as the underwriter set forth therein (the “Underwriter”), the Company is engaged in a public offering of units (the “Units”), with each Unit consisting of one (1) share of common stock (the “Shares”), par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) of the Company, one-tenth of one Series A warrant (the “Series A Warrants”) to purchase one share of Common Stock and two-tenths of a Series B warrant (the “Series B Warrants,” and collectively with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”) to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock; or (ii) one pre-funded warrant (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase one share of common stock, one-tenth of one Series A Warrant, and two-tenths of one Series B Warrant;

 

 

WHEREAS, the Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817) (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Registration Statement”), for the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Units, Shares, Pre-funded Warrants, and shares underlying Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants, and such Registration Statement was declared effective on February __, 2024; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to so act, in accordance with the terms set forth in this Warrant Agreement in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange and exercise of the Warrants;

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the provisions of the Warrants, the terms upon which they shall be issued and exercised, and the respective rights, limitation of rights, and immunities of the Company, the Warrant Agent, and the holders of the Warrants; and

 

WHEREAS, all acts and things have been done and performed which are necessary to make the Warrants the valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company, and to authorize the execution and delivery of this Warrant Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company with respect to the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the same in accordance with the express terms and conditions set forth in this Warrant Agreement (and no implied terms or conditions).

 

 

 

 

 

2. Warrants.

 

2.1. Form of Warrants. The Warrants shall be registered securities and shall be evidenced by a global warrant (“Global Warrant”) in the forms of Exhibit A-1 with respect to the Series A Warrants) and Exhibit A-2 (with respect to the Series B Warrants) to this Warrant Agreement, which shall be deposited on behalf of the Company with a custodian for The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC. The terms of the Global Warrant are incorporated herein by reference. If DTC subsequently ceases to make its book-entry settlement system available for the Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent regarding making other arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the Warrants available in, book-entry form, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent to provide written instructions to DTC to deliver to the Warrant Agent for cancellation the Global Warrant, and the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to DTC separate certificates evidencing Warrants (“Definitive Certificates” and, together with the Global Warrant, “Warrant Certificates”) registered as requested through the DTC system.

  

2.2. Issuance and Registration of Warrants.

 

2.2.1. Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall maintain books (“Warrant Register”) for the registration of original issuance and the registration of transfer of the Warrants. Any Person in whose name ownership of a beneficial interest in the Warrants evidenced by a Global Certificate is recorded in the records maintained by DTC or its nominee shall be deemed to the “beneficial owner” thereof; provided, that all such beneficial interests shall be held through a Participant of DTC.

 

2.2.2. Issuance of Warrants. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall issue the Global Warrant and deliver the Warrants in the DTC book-entry settlement system in accordance with written instructions delivered to the Warrant Agent by the Company. Ownership of security entitlements in the Warrants shall be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership shall be effected through, records maintained (i) by DTC and (ii) by institutions that have accounts with DTC (each, a “Participant”).

 

2.2.3. Beneficial Owner; Holder. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name that Warrant shall be registered on the Warrant Register (the “Holder,” which shall include a Holder’s transferees, successors and assigns and a “Holder” shall include, if the Warrants are held in “street name,” a Participant, any designee appointed by such Participant and each “beneficial owner” of such Warrants) as the absolute owner of such Warrant for purposes of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Warrant Agent or any agent of the Company or the Warrant Agent from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by DTC governing the exercise of the rights of a holder of a beneficial interest in any Warrant. The rights of beneficial owners in a Warrant evidenced by the Global Warrant shall be exercised by the Holder or a Participant through the DTC system, except to the extent set forth herein or in the Global Warrant.

 

2.2.4. Delivery of Warrant Certificate. A Holder has the right to elect at any time or from time to time a Warrant Exchange (as defined below) pursuant to a Warrant Certificate Request Notice (as defined below). Upon written notice by a Holder to the Warrant Agent for the exchange of some or all of such Holder’s Global Warrants for a Warrant Certificate evidencing the same number of Warrants, which request shall be in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (a “Warrant Certificate Request Notice” and the date of delivery of such Warrant Certificate Request Notice by the Holder, the “Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date” and the deemed surrender upon delivery by the Holder of a number of Global Warrants for the same number of Warrants evidenced by a Warrant Certificate, a “Warrant Exchange”), the Warrant Agent shall promptly effect the Warrant Exchange and shall promptly issue and deliver to the Holder a Warrant Certificate for such number of Warrants in the name set forth in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice. Such Warrant Certificate shall be dated the date of issuance of the Warrant Certificate, shall include the initial exercise date of the Warrants, shall be executed by an authorized signatory of the Company and shall be reasonably acceptable in all respects to such Holder. In connection with a Warrant Exchange, the Company agrees to deliver, or to direct the Warrant Agent to deliver, the Warrant Certificate to the Holder within three (3) Trading Days of the Warrant Certificate Request Notice pursuant to the delivery instructions in the Warrant Certificate Request Notice (“Warrant Certificate Delivery Date”). If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Certificate subject to the Warrant Certificate Request Notice by the Warrant Certificate Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) evidenced by such Warrant Certificate (based on the VWAP (as defined in the Warrants) of the Common Stock on the Warrant Certificate Request Notice Date), $10 per Trading Day for each Trading Day after such Warrant Certificate Delivery Date until such Warrant Certificate is delivered or, prior to delivery of such Warrant Certificate, the Holder rescinds such Warrant Exchange. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon the date of delivery of the Warrant Certificate Request Notice, the Holder shall be deemed to be the holder of the Warrant Certificate and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Warrant Certificate shall be deemed for all purposes to contain all of the terms and conditions of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate and the terms of this Agreement.

 

 

 

2.2.5. Execution. The Warrant Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (an “Authorized Officer”), which need not be the same authorized signatory for all of the Warrant Certificates, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Warrant Certificates shall be countersigned by an authorized signatory of the Warrant Agent, which need not be the same signatory for all of the Warrant Certificates, and no Warrant Certificate shall be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In case any Authorized Officer of the Company that signed any of the Warrant Certificates ceases to be an Authorized Officer of the Company before countersignature by the Warrant Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Warrant Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Warrant Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and effect as though the person who signed such Warrant Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be an Authorized Officer of the Company authorized to sign such Warrant Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Warrant Agreement any such person was not such an Authorized Officer.

  

2.2.6. Registration of Transfer. At any time at or prior to the Expiration Date (as defined below), a transfer of any Warrants may be registered and any Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates may be split up, combined or exchanged for another Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates evidencing the same number of Warrants as the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates surrendered. Any Holder desiring to register the transfer of Warrants or to split up, combine or exchange any Warrant Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Warrant Agent, and shall surrender to the Warrant Agent the Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates evidencing the Warrants the transfer of which is to be registered or that is or are to be split up, combined or exchanged and, in the case of registration of transfer, shall provide a signature guarantee. Thereupon, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver to the person entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company and the Warrant Agent may require payment, by the Holder requesting a registration of transfer of Warrants or a split-up, combination or exchange of a Warrant Certificate (but, for purposes of clarity, not upon the exercise of the Warrants and issuance of Warrant Shares to the Holder), of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with such registration of transfer, split-up, combination or exchange, together with reimbursement to the Company and the Warrant Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto. All such fees and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and not by any Holder.

 

2.2.7. Loss, Theft and Mutilation of Warrant Certificates. Upon receipt by the Company and the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Warrant Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security in customary form and amount, and reimbursement to the Company and the Warrant Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon surrender to the Warrant Agent and cancellation of the Warrant Certificate if mutilated, the Warrant Agent shall, on behalf of the Company, countersign and deliver a new Warrant Certificate of like tenor to the Holder in lieu of the Warrant Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated. The Warrant Agent may charge the Holder an administrative fee for processing the replacement of lost Warrant Certificates,. The Warrant Agent may receive compensation from the surety companies or surety agents for administrative services provided to them.

 

2.2.8. Proxies. The Holder of a Warrant may grant proxies or otherwise authorize any person, including the Participants and beneficial holders that may own interests through the Participants, to take any action that a Holder is entitled to take under this Agreement or the Warrants; provided, however, that at all times that Warrants are evidenced by a Global Warrant, exercise of those Warrants shall be effected on their behalf by Participants through DTC in accordance the procedures administered by DTC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Terms and Exercise of Warrants.

 

3.1. Exercise Price. Each Warrant shall entitle the Holder, subject to the provisions of the applicable Warrant Certificate and of this Warrant Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock stated therein, at the price of $___ per whole share, with respect to the Series A Warrants, or $__ with respect to the Series B Warrants, subject to the subsequent adjustments provided in the Global Warrant. The term “Exercise Price” as used in this Warrant Agreement refers to the price per share at which shares of Common Stock may be purchased at the time a Warrant is exercised.

 

3.2. Duration of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised only during the period (“Exercise Period”) commencing on the date of issuance and ending on the Termination Date. For purposes of this Warrant Agreement, the “Termination Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Global Warrant. Each Warrant not exercised on or before the Termination Date shall cease to be exercisable at the close of business on the Termination Date.

  

3.3. Exercise of Warrants.

 

3.3.1. Exercise. Subject to the provisions of the Global Warrant, a Holder (or a Participant or a designee of a Participant acting on behalf of a Holder) may exercise Warrants by delivering to the Warrant Agent during the Exercise Period a notice of exercise of the Warrants to be exercised (i) in the form attached to the Global Warrant or (ii) via an electronic warrant exercise through the DTC system (each, an “Election to Purchase”); provided, that if a Holder exercises a Warrant later than 5:00 P.M., New York City time on any Trading Day or at any time on a day that is not a Trading Day, the Warrant will be deemed exercised as of opening of trading on the next Trading Day. All other requirements for the exercise of a Warrant shall be as set forth in the Warrant. All exercise funds shall be delivered to the Warrant Agent for the processing of the exercises.

 

3.3.2. The Warrant Agent shall, by 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Trading Day following the Exercise Date of any Warrant, advise the Company, the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s Common Stock, in respect of (i) the number of Warrant Shares indicated on the Notice of Exercise as issuable upon such exercise with respect to such exercised Warrants, (ii) the instructions of the Holder or Participant, as the case may be, provided to the Warrant Agent with respect to the delivery of the Warrant Shares and the number of Warrants that remain outstanding after such exercise and (iii) such other information as the Company or such transfer agent and registrar shall reasonably request. The Company shall issue the Warrant Shares in compliance with the terms of the Warrant.

 

3.3.3. Valid Issuance. All Warrant Shares issued by the Company upon the proper exercise of a Warrant in conformity with this Warrant Agreement shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

3.3.4. No Fractional Exercise. Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary, no fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of the Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

3.3.5. No Transfer Taxes. The Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer involved in the issue of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of Warrants; and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any Warrant Shares until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company’s satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.

 

3.3.6. Date of Issuance. The Company will treat an exercising Holder as a beneficial owner of the Warrant Shares as of the Exercise Date, and for purposes of Regulation SHO, a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC shall be deemed to have exercised its interest in this Warrant upon instructing its broker that is a DTC participant to exercise its interest in this Warrant, except that, if the Exercise Date is a date when the stock transfer books of the Company are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the holder of such shares at the open of business on the next succeeding date on which the stock transfer books are open.

 

 

 

 

4. Adjustments. Upon every adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, the Company shall give written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent, which notice shall state the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment and the increase or decrease, if any, in the number of Warrant Shares purchasable at such price upon the exercise of a Warrant, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based. Upon the occurrence of any event specified in Section 3 of the Warrant, then, in any such event, the Company shall give written notice to the Warrant Agent. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event. The Warrant Agent shall be entitled to rely conclusively on, and shall be fully protected in relying on, any certificate, notice or instructions provided by the Company with respect to any adjustment of the Exercise Price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, or any related matter, and the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with any such certificate, notice or instructions or pursuant to this Warrant Agreement. The Warrant Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any such adjustment unless and until it shall have received written notice thereof from the Company.

 

5. Restrictive Legends; Fractional Warrants. In the event that a Warrant Certificate surrendered for transfer bears a restrictive legend, the Warrant Agent shall not register that transfer until the Warrant Agent has received an opinion of counsel for the Company stating that such transfer may be made and indicating whether the Warrants must also bear a restrictive legend upon that transfer. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any registration of transfer or exchange which will result in the transfer of or delivery of a Warrant Certificate for a fraction of a Warrant.

  

6. Other Provisions Relating to Rights of Holders of Warrants.

 

6.1. No Rights as Stockholder. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, a Holder, solely in its capacity as a holder of Warrants, shall not be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed the holder of share capital of the Company for any purpose, nor shall anything contained in this Warrant Agreement be construed to confer upon a Holder, solely in its capacity as the registered holder of Warrants, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote, give or withhold consent to any corporate action (whether any reorganization, issue of stock, reclassification of share capital, consolidation, merger, conveyance or otherwise), receive notice of meetings, receive dividends or subscription rights or rights to participate in new issues of shares, or otherwise, prior to the issuance to the Holder of the Warrant Shares which it is then entitled to receive upon the due exercise of Warrants.

 

6.2. Reserved.

 

6.3 Reservation of Common Stock. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available a number of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants issued pursuant to this Warrant Agreement.

 

7. Concerning the Warrant Agent and Other Matters.

 

7.1. Any instructions given to the Warrant Agent orally, as permitted by any provision of this Warrant Agreement, shall be confirmed in writing by the Company as soon as practicable. The Warrant Agent shall not be liable or responsible and shall be fully authorized and protected for acting, or failing to act, in accordance with any oral instructions which do not conform with the written confirmation received in accordance with this Section 7.1.

 

7.2. (a) Whether or not any Warrants are exercised, for the Warrant Agent’s services as agent for the Company hereunder, the Company shall pay to the Warrant Agent such fees as may be separately agreed between the Company and Warrant Agent and the Warrant Agent’s out of pocket expenses in connection with this Warrant Agreement, including, without limitation, the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent’s counsel. While the Warrant Agent endeavors to maintain out-of-pocket charges (both internal and external) at competitive rates, these charges may not reflect actual out-of-pocket costs, and may include handling charges to cover internal processing and use of the Warrant Agent’s billing systems. (b) All amounts owed by the Company to the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement are due within 30 days of the invoice date. Delinquent payments are subject to a late payment charge of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month commencing 45 days from the invoice date. The Company agrees to reimburse the Warrant Agent for any attorney’s fees and any other costs associated with collecting delinquent payments. (c) No provision of this Warrant Agreement shall require Warrant Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties under this Warrant Agreement or in the exercise of its rights.

  

 

 

 

 

7.3. As agent for the Company hereunder the Warrant Agent: (a) shall have no duties or obligations other than those specifically set forth herein or as may subsequently be agreed to in writing by the Warrant Agent and the Company; (b) shall be regarded as making no representations and having no responsibilities as to the validity, sufficiency, value, or genuineness of the Warrants or any Warrant Shares; (c) shall not be obligated to take any legal action hereunder; if, however, the Warrant Agent determines to take any legal action hereunder, and where the taking of such action might, in its judgment, subject or expose it to any expense or liability it shall not be required to act unless it has been furnished with an indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it; (d) may rely on and shall be fully authorized and protected in acting or failing to act upon any certificate, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or other document or security delivered to the Warrant Agent and believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed by the proper party or parties; (e) shall not be liable or responsible for any recital or statement contained in the Registration Statement or any other documents relating thereto; (f) shall not be liable or responsible for any failure on the part of the Company to comply with any of its covenants and obligations relating to the Warrants, including without limitation obligations under applicable securities laws; (g) may rely on and shall be fully authorized and protected in acting or failing to act upon the written, telephonic or oral instructions with respect to any matter relating to its duties as Warrant Agent covered by this Warrant Agreement (or supplementing or qualifying any such actions) of officers of the Company, and is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the Company or counsel to the Company, and may apply to the Company, for advice or instructions in connection with the Warrant Agent’s duties hereunder, and the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any delay in acting while waiting for those instructions; any applications by the Warrant Agent for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement and the date on or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective; the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken by, or omission of, the Warrant Agent in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall not be less than five business days after the date such application is sent to the Company, unless the Company shall have consented in writing to any earlier date) unless prior to taking any such action, the Warrant Agent shall have received written instructions in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted; (h) may consult with counsel satisfactory to the Warrant Agent, including its in-house counsel, and the advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel; (i) may perform any of its duties hereunder either directly or by or through nominees, correspondents, designees, or subagents, and it shall not be liable or responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any nominee, correspondent, designee, or subagent appointed with reasonable care by it in connection with this Warrant Agreement; (j) is not authorized, and shall have no obligation, to pay any brokers, dealers, or soliciting fees to any person; and (k) shall not be required hereunder to comply with the laws or regulations of any country other than the United States of America or any political subdivision thereof.

 

7.4. (a) In the absence of gross negligence or willful or illegal misconduct on its part, as defined in Section 7.5, the Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted by it or for any error of judgment made by it in the performance of its duties under this Warrant Agreement. Anything in this Warrant Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall Warrant Agent be liable for special, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive losses or damages of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Warrant Agent has been advised of the possibility of such losses or damages and regardless of the form of action. Any liability of the Warrant Agent will be limited in the aggregate to one year’s fees paid by the Company hereunder. The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any failures, delays or losses, arising directly or indirectly out of conditions beyond its reasonable control including, but not limited to, acts of government, exchange or market ruling, suspension of trading, work stoppages or labor disputes, fires, civil disobedience, riots, rebellions, storms, electrical or mechanical failure, computer hardware or software failure, communications facilities failures including telephone failure, war, terrorism, insurrection, earthquakes, floods, acts of God or similar occurrences. (b) In the event any question or dispute arises with respect to the proper interpretation of the Warrants or the Warrant Agent’s duties under this Warrant Agreement or the rights of the Company or of any Holder, the Warrant Agent shall not be required to act and shall not be held liable or responsible for its refusal to act until the question or dispute has been judicially settled (and, if appropriate, it may file a suit in interpleader or for a declaratory judgment for such purpose) by final judgment rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction, binding on all persons interested in the matter which is no longer subject to review or appeal, or settled by a written document in form and substance satisfactory to Warrant Agent and executed by the Company and each such Holder. In addition, the Warrant Agent may require for such purpose, but shall not be obligated to require, the execution of such written settlement by all the Holders and all other persons that may have an interest in the settlement.

 

 

 

 

 

7.5. The Company covenants to indemnify the Warrant Agent and hold it harmless from and against any loss, liability, claim or expense (“Loss”) arising out of or in connection with the Warrant Agent’s duties under this Warrant Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any Loss, unless such Loss shall have been determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be a result of the Warrant Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.

  

7.6. Unless terminated earlier by the parties hereto, this Agreement shall terminate 90 days after the earlier of the Expiration Date and the date on which no Warrants remain outstanding (the “Termination Date”). On the business day following the Termination Date, the Agent shall deliver to the Company any entitlements, if any, held by the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement. The Agent’s right to be reimbursed for fees, charges and out-of-pocket expenses as provided in this Section 8 shall survive the termination of this Warrant Agreement.

 

7.7. If any provision of this Warrant Agreement shall be held illegal, invalid, or unenforceable by any court, this Warrant Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such provision had not been contained herein and shall be deemed an Agreement among the parties to it to the full extent permitted by applicable law.

 

7.8. The Company represents and warrants that: (a) it is duly incorporated and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation; (b) the offer and sale of the Warrants and the execution, delivery and performance of all transactions contemplated thereby (including this Warrant Agreement) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in a breach of or constitute a default under the articles of association, bylaws or any similar document of the Company or any indenture, agreement or instrument to which it is a party or is bound; (c) this Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the legal, valid, binding and enforceable obligation of the Company; (d) the Warrants will comply in all material respects with all applicable requirements of law; and (e) to the best of its knowledge, there is no litigation pending or threatened as of the date hereof in connection with the offering of the Warrants.

 

7.9. In the event of inconsistency between this Warrant Agreement and the descriptions in the Warrant Certificate, as it may from time to time be amended, the terms of the Warrant Certificate shall control.

 

7.10. Set forth in Exhibit C hereto is a list of the names and specimen signatures of the persons authorized to act for the Company under this Warrant Agreement (the “Authorized Representatives”). The Company shall, from time to time, certify to you the names and signatures of any other persons authorized to act for the Company under this Warrant Agreement.

 

7.11. Except as expressly set forth elsewhere in this Warrant Agreement, all notices, instructions and communications under this Agreement shall be in writing, shall be effective upon receipt and shall be addressed, if to the Company, to its address set forth beneath its signature to this Agreement, or, if to the Warrant Agent, to Equiniti Trust Company, 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120, or to such other address of which a party hereto has notified the other party.

 

7.12. (a) This Warrant Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. All actions and proceedings relating to or arising from, directly or indirectly, this Warrant Agreement may be litigated in courts located within the Borough of Manhattan in the City and State of New York. The Company hereby submits to the personal jurisdiction of such courts and consents that any service of process may be made by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, directed to the Company at its address last specified for notices hereunder. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives the right to a trial by jury in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Warrant Agreement. (b) This Warrant Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of the parties hereto. This Warrant Agreement may not be assigned, or otherwise transferred, in whole or in part, by either party without the prior written consent of the other party, which the other party will not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay; except that (i) consent is not required for an assignment or delegation of duties by Warrant Agent to any affiliate of Warrant Agent and (ii) any reorganization, merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other form of business combination by Warrant Agent or the Company shall not be deemed to constitute an assignment of this Warrant Agreement. (c) No provision of this Warrant Agreement may be amended, modified or waived, except in a written document signed by both parties. The Company and the Warrant Agent may amend or supplement this Warrant Agreement without the consent of any Holder for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein or adding or changing any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the parties may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties determine, in good faith, shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders. All other amendments and supplements shall require the vote or written consent of Holders of at least 50.1% of the then outstanding Warrants, provided that adjustments may be made to the Warrant terms and rights in accordance with Section 4 without the consent of the Holders.

 

 

 

 

7.13. Payment of Taxes. The Company will from time to time promptly pay all taxes and charges that may be imposed upon the Company or the Warrant Agent in respect of the issuance or delivery of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of Warrants, but the Company may require the Holders to pay any transfer taxes in respect of the Warrants or such shares. The Warrant Agent may refrain from registering any transfer of Warrants or any delivery of any Warrant Shares unless or until the persons requesting the registration or issuance shall have paid to the Warrant Agent for the account of the Company the amount of such tax or charge, if any, or shall have established to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company and the Warrant Agent that such tax or charge, if any, has been paid.

 

7.14. Resignation of Warrant Agent.

 

7.14.1. Appointment of Successor Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent, or any successor to it hereafter appointed, may resign its duties and be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder after giving thirty (30) days’ notice in writing to the Company, or such shorter period of time agreed to by the Company. The Company may terminate the services of the Warrant Agent, or any successor Warrant Agent, after giving thirty (30) days’ notice in writing to the Warrant Agent or successor Warrant Agent, or such shorter period of time as agreed. If the office of the Warrant Agent becomes vacant by resignation, termination or incapacity to act or otherwise, the Company shall appoint in writing a successor Warrant Agent in place of the Warrant Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the Warrant Agent, then the Warrant Agent or any Holder may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Warrant Agent at the Company’s cost. Pending appointment of a successor to such Warrant Agent, either by the Company or by such a court, the duties of the Warrant Agent shall be carried out by the Company. Any successor Warrant Agent (but not including the initial Warrant Agent), whether appointed by the Company or by such court, shall be a person organized and existing under the laws of any state of the United States of America, in good standing, and authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. After appointment, any successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with all the authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations of its predecessor Warrant Agent with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent hereunder, without any further act or deed, and except for executing and delivering documents as provided in the sentence that follows, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall have no further duties, obligations, responsibilities or liabilities hereunder, but shall be entitled to all rights that survive the termination of this Warrant Agreement and the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent, including but not limited to its right to indemnity hereunder. If for any reason it becomes necessary or appropriate or at the request of the Company, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall execute and deliver, at the expense of the Company, an instrument transferring to such successor Warrant Agent all the authority, powers, and rights of such predecessor Warrant Agent hereunder; and upon request of any successor Warrant Agent the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, and deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Warrant Agent all such authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations.

 

7.14.2. Notice of Successor Warrant Agent. In the event a successor Warrant Agent shall be appointed, the Company shall give notice thereof to the predecessor Warrant Agent and the transfer agent for the Common Stock not later than the effective date of any such appointment.

 

7.14.3. Merger or Consolidation of Warrant Agent. Any person into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated or any person resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party or any person succeeding to the shareowner services business of the Warrant Agent or any successor Warrant Agent shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement, without any further act or deed. For purposes of this Warrant Agreement, “person” shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust or other entity, and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereof or thereto.

 

8. Miscellaneous Provisions.

 

8.1. Persons Having Rights under this Warrant Agreement. Nothing in this Warrant Agreement expressed and nothing that may be implied from any of the provisions hereof is intended, or shall be construed, to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than (i) the parties hereto, and (ii) the Holders (including, without limitation, all “beneficial holders”) of the Warrants ) any right, remedy, or claim under or by reason of this Warrant Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise, or agreement hereof.

 

 

 

 

 

8.2. Examination of the Warrant Agreement. A copy of this Warrant Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the office of the Warrant Agent designated for such purpose for inspection by any Holder. Prior to such inspection, the Warrant Agent may require any such holder to provide reasonable evidence of its interest in the Warrants.

 

8.3. Counterparts. This Warrant Agreement may be executed in any number of original, facsimile or electronic counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

8.4. Effect of Headings. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and are not part of this Warrant Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation thereof.

 

9. Certain Definitions. As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

(a) “Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Trading Market, or, if the Trading Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market in the United States on which the Common Stock is then traded.

 

(b) “Trading Market” means NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Warrant Agent Agreement has been duly executed by the parties hereto as of the day and year first above written.

 

	SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.
	By:
	Name:
	Title:

 

	EQUINITI TRUST COMPANY
	By:
	Name:
	Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.20

 

 

PRE-FUNDED WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

Warrant Shares: [●]	Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2024
	Issue Date: [●], 2024

 

THIS PRE-FUNDED WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time until this Warrant is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), up to [●] shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one (1) share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2.2. This Warrant shall initially be issued and maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the Depository Trust Company or its nominee (“DTC”) shall initially be the sole registered holder of this Warrant, subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

1.

Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Underwriting Agreement dated [●], 2024, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

 

1.1. “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.2. “Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

1.3. “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

1.4. “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

 

1.5. “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

1.6. “Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

1.7. “Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

 

1.8. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

 

 

 

 

1.9. “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

1.10. “Registration Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817).

 

1.11. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.12. “Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

 

1.13. “Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

 

1.14. “Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

1.15. “Transfer Agent” means Equiniti, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120 and an email address of, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

1.16. “Underwriting Agreement” means the underwriting agreement, dated as of [●], 2024, between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

 

1.17. “VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

1.18. “Warrant Agent Agreement” means that certain Warrant Agent agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company and the Warrant Agent.

 

1.19. “Warrant Agent” means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.

 

1.20. “Warrants” means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.

Exercise.

 

2.1. Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.1 (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2.4.1 herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2.3 below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 2.1, a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made pursuant to this Section 2.1 by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable), subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

2.2. Exercise Price. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever, including in the event this Warrant shall not have been exercised prior to the Termination Date. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

 

2.3. Cashless Exercise. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

	(A) =	as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
	(B) =	the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
	(X) =	the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

 

 

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. Assuming (i) the Holder is not an Affiliate of the Company, and (ii) all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act with respect to Holder and the Warrant Shares are met in the case of such a cashless exercise, the Company agrees that the Company will cause the removal of the legend from such Warrant Shares (including by delivering an opinion of the Company’s counsel to the Company’s transfer agent at its own expense to ensure the foregoing), and the Company agrees that the Holder is under no obligation to sell the Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to removing the legend. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2.3.

 

2.4. Mechanics of Exercise.

2.4.1. Delivery of Warrant Shares upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third (3rd) Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.

 

2.4.2. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

2.4.3. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2.4.1 by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

 

 

 

 

2.4.4. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.4.1 above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of this Warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

2.4.5. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

2.4.6. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

2.4.7. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.5. Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2.5, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2.5 applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2.5, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2.5, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2.5 shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61^st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2.5 to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

3.

Certain Adjustments.

 

3.1. Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3.1 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

 

 

 

3.2. Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3.1 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

3.3. Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.

 

3.4. Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company (and all of its subsidiaries taken as a whole), directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration.

 

 

If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock/shares of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) 100% and (2) the 100 day volatility as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3.4 and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.4 pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3.4 regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.

 

 

 

 

3.5. Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

3.6. Notice to Holder.

 

3.6.1. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

3.6.2. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

4.

Transfer of Warrant.

 

4.1. Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

4.2. New Warrants. If this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4.1, as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

 

 

 

4.3. Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

5.

Miscellaneous.

 

5.1. No Rights as Stockholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2.4.1, except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2.3 or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2.4.1 and Section 2.4.4 herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

 

5.2. Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

5.3. Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

5.4. Authorized Shares.

 

5.4.1. Reservation of Authorized and Unissued Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

5.4.2. Noncircumvention. Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

5.4.3. Authorizations, Exemptions and Consents. Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

 

 

 

5.5. Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.

 

5.6. Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

5.7. Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

5.8. Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Attention: Steve Slilaty, Chief Executive Officer, email address: steve.slilaty@sunshinebiopharma.com, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5.8 prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5.8 on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

 

5.9. Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

 

 

 

5.10. Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

5.11. Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

5.12. Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.

 

5.13. Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

5.14. Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

5.15. Warrant Agent Agreement. If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agent Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agent Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.

 

********************

 

[SBFM Investor Pre-Funded Registered Warrant Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SBFM Investor Pre-Funded Registered Warrant Signature Page]

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Pre-Funded Registered Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

 

By:______________________________

Name:Steve Slilaty

Its:Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 2.1

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[ ]in lawful money of the United States.

 

[ ]if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2.3, to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2.3.

 

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

_______________________________

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

 

Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 2.4.6

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:
Address:
Phone Number:
Email Address:
Date:
Holder’s Signature:
Holder’s Address:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.21

 

 

SERIES A WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

Warrant Shares: [●]	Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2024
CUSIP: ISIN:	Issue Date: [●], 2024

 

 

THIS WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [●], 2026 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), up to [●] shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one (1) share of Common Stock under this Series A Warrant (this “Warrant”) shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section ‎2.2. This Warrant shall initially be issued and maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the Depository Trust Company or its nominee (“DTC”) shall initially be the sole registered holder of this Warrant, subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

1.

Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Underwriting Agreement dated [●], 2024, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section ‎1:

 

1.1. “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.2. “Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

1.3. “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

1.4. “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

 

1.5. “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

1.6. “Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

1.7. “Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

 

 

 

 

1.8. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.9. “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

1.10. “Registration Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817).

 

1.11. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.12. “Stockholder Approval” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market (or any successor entity) from the stockholders of the Company, or board of directors in lieu thereof, with respect to issuance of all of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares upon the exercise thereof, including without limitation:

 

1.12.1.  to give full effect to alternative cashless exercises pursuant to Section ‎2.3 hereof.

 

1.12.2.  to consent to any adjustment to the exercise price or number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants in the event of a Share Combination Event pursuant to Section ‎3.10.

 

1.12.3.  to consent to the voluntary adjustment, from time to time, of the exercise price of any and all currently outstanding warrants pursuant to Section ‎3.11.

 

1.13. “Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

 

1.14. “Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

 

1.15. “Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

1.16. “Transfer Agent” means Equiniti, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120 and an email address of issuerservices@equiniti.com, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

 

1.17. “Underwriting Agreement” means the underwriting agreement, dated as of [●], 2024, between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

 

1.18. “VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

 

 

 

1.19. “Warrant Agent Agreement” means that certain Warrant Agent agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company and the Warrant Agent.

 

1.20. “Warrant Agent” means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.

 

1.21. “Warrants” means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.

 

2.

Exercise.

 

2.1. Exercise of Warrant. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.5 herein, exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.1 (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section ‎2.4.1 herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section ‎2.3 below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. For the avoidance of doubt, any reference to cashless exercise herein shall include a reference to alternative cashless exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section ‎2.1, a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made pursuant to this Section ‎2.1 by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable), subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

2.2. Exercise Price. The exercise price per Warrant Share shall be $[●], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.3. Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder or the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

	(A) =	as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
	(B) =	the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
	(X) =	the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. Assuming (i) the Holder is not an Affiliate of the Company, and (ii) all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act with respect to Holder and the Warrant Shares are met in the case of such a cashless exercise, the Company agrees that the Company will cause the removal of the legend from such Warrant Shares (including by delivering an opinion of the Company’s counsel to the Company’s transfer agent at its own expense to ensure the foregoing), and the Company agrees that the Holder is under no obligation to sell the Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to removing the legend. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section ‎2.3.

 

The Holder may also effect an “alternative cashless exercise” following the Stockholder Approval Date. In such event, the aggregate number of Warrant Shares issuable in such alternative cashless exercise pursuant to any given Notice of Exercise electing to effect an alternative cashless exercise shall equal the product of (i) the aggregate number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise, multiplied by (ii) 2.0. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section ‎2.3 (including an alternative cashless exercise pursuant to this paragraph). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section ‎2.3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.4. Mechanics of Exercise.

 

2.4.1. Delivery of Warrant Shares upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason (other than the failure of the Holder to timely deliver the aggregate Exercise Price, unless the Warrant is validly exercised by means of a cashless exercise) to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third (3rd) Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.

 

2.4.2. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

2.4.3. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section ‎2.4.1 by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise; provided, however, that the Holder shall be required to return any Warrant Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price paid to the Company for such Warrant Shares and the restoration of Holder’s right to acquire such Warrant Shares pursuant to this Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).

 

2.4.4. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section ‎2.4.1 above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than the failure of the Holder to timely deliver the aggregate Exercise Price, unless the Warrant is validly exercised by means of a cashless exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

 

2.4.5. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

2.4.6. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

2.4.7. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

2.5. Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section ‎2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section ‎2.5, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section ‎2.5 applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section ‎2.5, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section ‎2.5, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section ‎2.5 shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61^st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section ‎2.5 to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

 

 

3.

Certain Adjustments.

 

3.1. Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section ‎3.1 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

3.2. Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section ‎3.1 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

3.3. Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.4. Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section ‎2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section ‎2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock/shares of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) 100% and (2) the 100 day volatility as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section ‎3.7 and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow.

 

 

 

 

The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section ‎3.7 pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section ‎3.7 regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.

 

3.5. Calculations. All calculations under this Section ‎3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section ‎3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

3.6. Notice to Holder.

 

3.6.1. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section ‎3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

3.6.2. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

 

 

3.7. Share Combination Event Adjustment. In addition to the adjustments set forth in Section ‎3.1 above, if at any time and from time to time on or after the Issuance Date there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Common Stock (each, a “Share Combination Event”, and such date thereof, the “Share Combination Event Date”) and the lowest VWAP during the period commencing Five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding and the Five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately following the Share Combination Event Date (the “Event Market Price”) (provided if the Share Combination Event is effective after close of Trading on the primary Trading Market, then commencing on the next Trading Day which period shall be the “Share Combination Adjustment Period”) is less than the Exercise Price then in effect (after giving effect to the adjustment in clause ‎3.1 above), then at the close of trading on the primary Trading Market on the last day of the Share Combination Adjustment Period, the Exercise Price then in effect on such Fifth (5th) Trading Day shall be reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be increased such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant on the Issuance Date for the Warrant Shares then outstanding shall remain unchanged. For the avoidance of doubt, if the adjustment in the immediately preceding sentence would otherwise result in an increase in the Exercise Price hereunder, no adjustment shall be made, and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during the Share Combination Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant exercised on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Share Combination Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date and the Event Market Price on such applicable Exercise Date will be the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock immediately during such the Share Combination Adjustment Period prior to such Exercise Date and ending on, and including the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date.

 

3.8. Voluntary Adjustment by Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market and the consent of the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors.

 

3.9. Stockholder Approval. The Company shall seek Stockholder Approval in the time period and the manner provided in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

3.10. Reserved.

 

4.

Transfer of Warrant.

 

4.1. Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

4.2. New Warrants. If this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section ‎4.1, as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

4.3. Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

 

 

5.

Miscellaneous.

 

5.1. No Rights as Stockholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section ‎2.4.1, except as expressly set forth in Section ‎3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section ‎2.3 or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section ‎2.4.1 and Section ‎2.4.4 herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

 

5.2. Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

5.3. Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

5.4. Authorized Shares.

 

5.4.1. Reservation of Authorized and Unissued Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

5.4.2. Noncircumvention. Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

5.4.3. Authorizations, Exemptions and Consents. Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

 

 

 

 

5.5. Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.

 

5.6. Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

5.7. Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

5.8. Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Attention: Steve Slilaty, Chief Executive Officer, email address: steve.slilaty@sunshinebiopharma.com, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section ‎5.8 prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section ‎5.8 on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

 

5.9. Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

 

 

5.10. Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

5.11. Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

5.12. Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, on the other hand.

 

5.13. Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

5.14. Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

5.15. Warrant Agent Agreement. If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agent Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agent Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.

 

 

********************

 

[SBFM Investor Registered Series A Warrant Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SBFM Investor Registered Series A Warrant Signature Page]

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Registered Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

 

By:______________________________

Name:Steve Slilaty

Its:Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit ‎2.1

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[ ]in lawful money of the United States.

 

[ ]if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection ‎2.3, to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection ‎2.3.

 

[ ]if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the provisions of subsection ‎2.3, to exercise this Warrant pursuant to the “alternative cashless exercise” procedure set forth in subsection ‎2.3.

 

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

_______________________________

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

 

Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit ‎2.4.6

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:
Address:
Phone Number:
Email Address:
Date:
Holder’s Signature:
Holder’s Address:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.22

 

SERIES B WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

Warrant Shares: [●]	Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2024
CUSIP: ISIN:	Issue Date: [●], 2024

 

 

THIS WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [●], 2029 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation (the “Company”), up to [●] shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one (1) share of Common Stock under this Series B Warrant (this “Warrant”) shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section ‎2.2. This Warrant shall initially be issued and maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the Depository Trust Company or its nominee (“DTC”) shall initially be the sole registered holder of this Warrant, subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

1.

Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Underwriting Agreement dated [●], 2024, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section ‎1:

 

1.1. “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

1.2. “Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

1.3. “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

 

1.4. “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

 

1.5. “Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

1.6. “Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

 

1.7. “Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

 

 

 

 

1.8. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.9. “Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

 

1.10. “Registration Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-276817).

 

1.11. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

1.12. “Stockholder Approval” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market (or any successor entity) from the stockholders of the Company, or board of directors in lieu thereof, with respect to issuance of all of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares upon the exercise thereof, including without limitation:

 

1.12.1.  to render inapplicable clause (i) of the definition of the Floor Price in Section ‎3.2 hereof.

 

1.12.2.  to give full effect to the adjustment in the exercise price and number of Warrant Shares following a Dilutive Issuance pursuant to Section ‎3.2.

 

1.12.3.  to consent to any adjustment to the exercise price or number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants in the event of a Share Combination Event pursuant to Section ‎3.10.

 

1.12.4.  to consent to the voluntary adjustment, from time to time, of the exercise price of any and all currently outstanding warrants pursuant to Section ‎3.11.

 

1.13. “Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

 

1.14. “Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

 

1.15. “Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

 

1.16. “Transfer Agent” means Equiniti, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120 and an email address of issuerservices@equiniti.com, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

1.17. “Underwriting Agreement” means the underwriting agreement, dated as of [●], 2024, between the Company and Aegis Capital Corp., as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

 

1.18. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the shares of Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price.

 

 

 

 

 

1.19. “VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

1.20. “Warrant Agent Agreement” means that certain Warrant Agent agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company and the Warrant Agent.

 

1.21. “Warrant Agent” means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.

 

1.22. “Warrants” means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement.

 

2.

Exercise.

 

2.1. Exercise of Warrant. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.5 herein, exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.1 (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section ‎2.4.1 herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section ‎2.3 below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section ‎2.1, a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made pursuant to this Section ‎2.1 by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable), subject to a Holder’s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agent Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.

 

2.2. Exercise Price. The exercise price per Warrant Share shall be $[●], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

 

 

 

 

 

2.3. Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder or the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

	(A) =	as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section ‎2.1 hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
	(B) =	the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
	(X) =	the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. Assuming (i) the Holder is not an Affiliate of the Company, and (ii) all of the applicable conditions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act with respect to Holder and the Warrant Shares are met in the case of such a cashless exercise, the Company agrees that the Company will cause the removal of the legend from such Warrant Shares (including by delivering an opinion of the Company’s counsel to the Company’s transfer agent at its own expense to ensure the foregoing), and the Company agrees that the Holder is under no obligation to sell the Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to removing the legend. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section ‎2.3.

 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section ‎2.3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.4. Mechanics of Exercise.

 

2.4.1. Delivery of Warrant Shares upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason (other than the failure of the Holder to timely deliver the aggregate Exercise Price, unless the Warrant is validly exercised by means of a cashless exercise) to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third (3rd) Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.

 

2.4.2. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

2.4.3. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section ‎2.4.1 by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise; provided, however, that the Holder shall be required to return any Warrant Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to Holder of the aggregate Exercise Price paid to the Company for such Warrant Shares and the restoration of Holder’s right to acquire such Warrant Shares pursuant to this Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.4.4. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section ‎2.4.1 above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than the failure of the Holder to timely deliver the aggregate Exercise Price, unless the Warrant is validly exercised by means of a cashless exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

2.4.5. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

2.4.6. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

2.4.7. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.5. Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section ‎2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section ‎2.5, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section ‎2.5 applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section ‎2.5, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section ‎2.5, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section ‎2.5 shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61^st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section ‎2.5 to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

 

 

 

 

3.

Certain Adjustments.

 

3.1. Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section ‎3.1 shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

3.2. Subsequent Equity Sales. If the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, as applicable, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any option to purchase, or sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Exercise Price then in effect (such lower price, the “Base Share Price” and such issuances collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (it being understood and agreed that if the holder of the shares of Common Stock or share of Common Stock Equivalents or such other securities so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock at an effective price per share that is less than the Exercise Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Exercise Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance at such effective price), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement (provided such Dilutive Issuance occurs)) of each Dilutive Issuance the Exercise Price shall be reduced and only reduced to equal the Base Share Price, provided that the Base Share Price shall not be less than (i) $[●] or (ii) in the event of Stockholder Approval, the price of the Dilutive Issuance (the “Floor Price”) (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, recapitalizations and similar transactions following the date of the Underwriting Agreement). Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3.2 in respect of an Exempt Issuance and (ii) if one or more Dilutive Issuances occurred prior to the Stockholder Approval being obtained and the reduction of the Exercise Price was limited by clause (i) of the definition of Floor Price, once the Stockholder Approval is obtained, the Exercise Price will automatically be reduced to equal the greater of (x) the lowest Base Share Price with respect to any Dilutive Issuance that occurred prior to the Stockholder Approval being obtained, and (y) the price determined by reference to clause (ii) of the definition of Floor Price. The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or share of Common Stock Equivalents subject to this Section 3(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the Base Share Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Share Price in the Notice of Exercise. If the Company enters into a Variable Rate Transaction, the Company shall be deemed to have issued shares of Common Stock or share of Common Stock Equivalents at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised.

 

 

 

 

 

3.3. Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section ‎3.1 above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

3.4. Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.

 

3.5. Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section ‎2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section ‎2.5 on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction.

 

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock/shares of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) 100% and (2) the 100 day volatility as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section ‎3.7 and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section ‎3.7 pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section ‎3.7 regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.

 

 

 

 

3.6. Calculations. All calculations under this Section ‎3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section ‎3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

3.7. Notice to Holder.

 

3.7.1. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section ‎3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

3.7.2. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

3.8. Share Combination Event Adjustment. In addition to the adjustments set forth in Section ‎3.1 above, if at any time and from time to time on or after the Issuance Date there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Common Stock (each, a “Share Combination Event”, and such date thereof, the “Share Combination Event Date”) and the lowest VWAP during the period commencing Five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding and the Five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately following the Share Combination Event Date (the “Event Market Price”) (provided if the Share Combination Event is effective after close of Trading on the primary Trading Market, then commencing on the next Trading Day which period shall be the “Share Combination Adjustment Period”) is less than the Exercise Price then in effect (after giving effect to the adjustment in clause ‎3.1 above), then at the close of trading on the primary Trading Market on the last day of the Share Combination Adjustment Period, the Exercise Price then in effect on such Fifth (5th) Trading Day shall be reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be increased such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant on the Issuance Date for the Warrant Shares then outstanding shall remain unchanged. For the avoidance of doubt, if the adjustment in the immediately preceding sentence would otherwise result in an increase in the Exercise Price hereunder, no adjustment shall be made, and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during the Share Combination Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant exercised on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Share Combination Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date and the Event Market Price on such applicable Exercise Date will be the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock immediately during such the Share Combination Adjustment Period prior to such Exercise Date and ending on, and including the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date.

 

 

 

 

3.9. Voluntary Adjustment by Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market and the consent of the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors.

 

3.10. Stockholder Approval. The Company shall seek Stockholder Approval (which may also be at the annual meeting of stockholders) within the time period and the manner provided in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

3.11. Reserved.

 

4.

Transfer of Warrant.

 

4.1. Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit ‎2.4.6 duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

4.2. New Warrants. If this Warrant is not held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section ‎4.1, as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

4.3. Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

5.

Miscellaneous.

 

5.1. No Rights as Stockholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section ‎2.4.1, except as expressly set forth in Section ‎3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section ‎2.3 or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section ‎2.4.1 and Section ‎2.4.4 herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

 

5.2. Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

 

 

 

5.3. Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

5.4. Authorized Shares.

 

5.4.1. Reservation of Authorized and Unissued Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

5.4.2. Noncircumvention. Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

5.4.3. Authorizations, Exemptions and Consents. Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

5.5. Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.

 

 

 

 

5.6. Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

5.7. Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

5.8. Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Attention: Steve Slilaty, Chief Executive Officer, email address: steve.slilaty@sunshinebiopharma.com, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section ‎5.8 prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section ‎5.8 on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

 

5.9. Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

5.10. Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

5.11. Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

5.12. Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding, on the other hand.

 

 

 

 

 

5.13. Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

5.14. Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

5.15. Warrant Agent Agreement. If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agent Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agent Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.

 

********************

 

[SBFM Investor Registered Series B Warrant Signature Page Follows]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SBFM Investor Registered Series B Warrant Signature Page]

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Registered Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

 

By:______________________________

Name:Steve Slilaty

Its:Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit ‎2.1

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

To:SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

 

 

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

[ ]in lawful money of the United States.

 

[ ]if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection ‎2.3, to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection ‎2.3.

 

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

_______________________________

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

_______________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

 

Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit ‎2.4.6

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:
Address:
Phone Number:
Email Address:
Date:
Holder’s Signature:
Holder’s Address:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement of Sunshine Biopharma Inc. on Form S-1/A, of our report dated March 31, 2023, on the financial statements of Sunshine Biopharma Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

 

In addition, we consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in the Registration Statement.

 

 

/s/ B.F. Borger CPA PC

 

Certified Public Accountants

Denver, Colorado

February 9, 2024

 

 

v3.24.0.1

Cover	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Document Type	S-1/A
Amendment Flag	true
Amendment Description	Amended to update share information
Entity Registrant Name	Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001402328
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-5566275
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	CO
City Area Code	332
Local Phone Number	216-1147
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Document Creation Date	Feb. 09, 2024
Business Contact [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10036

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,846,140	$ 21,826,437
Accounts receivable	2,034,119	1,912,153
Inventory	4,517,044	3,289,945
Prepaid expenses	37,556	283,799
Total Current Assets	25,434,859	27,312,334
Property and equipment	334,922	394,249
Intangible assets	1,216,207	776,856
Right-of-use-asset	664,296	760,409
TOTAL ASSETS	27,650,284	29,243,848
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	2,220,870	2,802,797
Earnout payable	2,547,831	3,632,000
Income tax payable	201,541	373,191
Right-of-use-liability	117,840	123,026
Total Current Liabilities	5,088,082	6,931,014
Long-Term Liabilities:
Deferred tax liability	43,032	43,032
Right-of-use-liability	555,687	642,232
Total Long-Term Liabilities	598,719	685,264
TOTAL LIABILITIES	5,686,801	7,616,278
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Series B $0.10 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 10,000 Shares issued and outstanding	1,000	1,000
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; 3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 25,678,290 and 22,585,632 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	25,678	22,585
Capital paid in excess of par value	84,387,890	80,841,752
Accumulated comprehensive income	204,549	161,847
Accumulated (Deficit)	(62,655,634)	(59,399,614)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	21,963,483	21,627,570
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 27,650,284	$ 29,243,848

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	3,000,000,000	3,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	25,678,290	22,585,632
Common stock, shares outstanding	25,678,290	22,585,632
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	10,000	10,000

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Sales	$ 5,957,668	$ 132,808	$ 16,412,586	$ 405,760
Cost of sales	3,967,412	65,783	10,641,461	200,311
Gross profit	1,990,256	67,025	5,771,125	205,449
General and Administrative Expenses:
Accounting	56,350	122,913	301,381	237,773
Consulting	221,781	162,852	745,850	270,033
Director fees	100,000	100,000	300,000	200,000
Legal	133,302	146,467	392,874	403,386
Marketing	241,897	217,666	502,987	400,386
Office	544,215	76,818	1,422,058	449,730
R&D	238,012	362,500	1,039,502	770,095
Salaries	1,144,377	595,000	4,344,801	1,105,000
Taxes	52,586	0	212,953	0
Depreciation	37,210	789	106,797	6,186
Total General and Administrative Expenses:	2,769,730	1,785,005	9,369,203	3,842,589
(Loss) from operations	(779,474)	(1,717,980)	(3,598,078)	(3,637,140)
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign exchange	40	25	(206)	45
Interest income	207,431	260,938	624,361	406,984
Debt release	0	0	0	10,852
Interest expense	(38,527)	(2)	(107,198)	(12,866)
Total Other Income (Expense)	168,944	260,961	516,957	405,015
Net (loss) before income taxes	(610,530)	(1,457,019)	(3,081,121)	(3,232,125)
Provision for income taxes	(40,952)	0	(174,899)	0
Net (Loss)	(651,482)	(1,457,019)	(3,256,020)	(3,232,125)
Gain (Loss) from foreign exchange translation	(460,507)	(45,126)	42,702	(56,764)
Comprehensive (Loss)	$ (1,111,989)	$ (1,502,145)	$ (3,213,318)	$ (3,288,889)
Basic (Loss) per common share	$ 0.04	$ 0.08	$ 0.133	$ 0.26

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Weighted average common shares outstanding (Basic)	25,690,449	18,885,632	24,507,122	12,789,733
Weighted average common shares outstanding (Diluted)	25,690,449	18,885,632	24,507,122	12,789,733

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net (Loss)	$ (3,256,020)	$ (3,232,125)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	106,794	6,186
Foreign exchange	(374)	45
Debt release	0	(10,852)
Accounts receivable	(118,482)	7,776
Inventory	(1,221,112)	(163,991)
Prepaid expenses	247,977	2,235
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(587,973)	437,267
Income tax payable	(172,076)	0
Interest payable	(1,084,169)	(48,287)
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Operations	(6,085,435)	(3,001,746)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Reduction in Right-of-use asset	97,498	0
Purchase of intangible assets	(19,804)	0
Purchase of equipment	(464,614)	0
Net Cash Flows (Used) in Investing Activities	(386,920)	0
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Common stock issued	4,089,218	43,560,363
Exercise of warrants	1,156	0
Purchase of treasury stock	(541,143)	(99,000)
Lease liability	(93,125)	0
Payments of notes payable	0	(1,900,000)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities	3,456,106	41,561,363
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	21,826,437	2,045,167
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(3,016,249)	38,559,617
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	0	(105,617)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	35,952	56,764
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	18,846,140	40,555,931
Supplementary Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	0	61,151
Cash paid for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]	Comprehensive Income [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 2,596	$ 32,787,379	$ 100,000	$ (23,139)	$ (32,655,174)	$ 211,662
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	2,595,620		1,000,000
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued in public offering	$ 6,657	30,360,528				30,367,185
[custom:CommonStockAndPrefundedWarrantsIssuedInPrivateOfferingShares]	6,656,526
Exercise of warrants	$ 9,633	13,183,544				13,193,177
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities	9,633,486
Preferred stock purchased from related party			$ (99,000)			(99,000)
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares			(990,000)
Net (loss)				(56,764)	(3,232,125)	(3,288,889)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 18,886	76,331,451	$ 1,000	(79,903)	(35,887,299)	40,384,135
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	18,885,632		10,000
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 18,886	76,331,451	$ 1,000	(34,777)	(34,430,280)	41,886,280
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	18,885,632		10,000
Net (loss)				(45,126)	(1,457,019)	(1,502,145)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 18,886	76,331,451	$ 1,000	(79,903)	(35,887,299)	40,384,135
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	18,885,632		10,000
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 22,585	80,841,752	$ 1,000	161,847	(59,399,614)	21,627,570
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	22,585,632		10,000
Repurchase of common stock	$ (514)	(540,629)
[custom:RepurchaseOfCommonStockShares]	(513,723)
Common stock and pre-funded warrants issued in a private offering	$ 2,451	4,086,767				4,089,218
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	2,450,000
Exercise of warrants	$ 1,156					1,156
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities	1,156,381
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares	445,711
Net (loss)				42,702	(3,256,020)	(3,213,318)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 25,678	84,387,890	$ 1,000	204,549	(62,655,634)	21,963,483
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	25,678,290		10,000
Beginning balance, value at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 25,746	84,422,143	$ 1,000	665,056	(62,004,152)	23,109,793
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	25,746,302		10,000
Repurchase stock	$ (68)	(34,253)
[custom:RepurchaseStockShares]	(68,012)
Net (loss)				(460,507)	(651,482)	(1,111,989)
Ending balance, value at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 25,678	$ 84,387,890	$ 1,000	$ 204,549	$ (62,655,634)	$ 21,963,483
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	25,678,290		10,000

v3.24.0.1

Description of Business	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Description of Business	Note 1 – Description of Business   The Company was originally incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. on August 31, 2006, in the State of Colorado. Effective October 15, 2009, the Company acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, the Company changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company.   In addition to conducting its own drug development activities, Sunshine Biopharma operates two wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Nora Pharma Inc. (“Nora Pharma”), a Canadian corporation with a portfolio of pharmaceutical products consisting of 51 generic prescription drugs on the market in Canada, and (ii) Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), a Canadian corporation which develops and sells nonprescription over-the-counter (“OTC”) products. In addition to the 51 generic prescription drugs currently on the market in Canada, the Company has 32 additional generic prescription drugs scheduled to be launched in 2024 and 2025 in Canada.   The Company has determined that it has two reportable segments:     · Prescription Generic Pharmaceuticals (“Generic Pharmaceuticals”)   · Nonprescription Over-The-Counter Products (“OTC Products)   Through December 31, 2022 and as of September 30, 2023, sales from the Generic Pharmaceuticals segment represented approximately 97% of total revenues of the Company while the remaining approximately 3% was generated from the sale of OTC Products. Based on these results, the Company deems segmentation reporting to be immaterial at September 30, 2023.   The Company is not subject to material customer concentration risks as it sells its products directly to pharmacies in several Canadian Provinces. Provincial governments in Canada reimburse patients for their prescription drugs expenditures to various degrees under drug reimbursement programs, making generic drugs prices highly dependent on government regulations which may change over time. The most recent negotiations between the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance and the Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association have resulted in updated generic pricing for certain products which took effect on October 1, 2023. The updated prices are valid for three years and the agreement contains an option to extend for an additional two years.   In addition, the Company is engaged in the development of the following proprietary drugs:   · Adva-27a, a small chemotherapy molecule for treatment of pancreatic cancer (IND-enabling studies were paused on November 2, 2023 due to unfavorable results. See Note 13 – Subsequent Events) · K1.1 mRNA, a lipid nano-particle (LNP) targeted for liver cancer · SBFM-PL4, a protease inhibitor for treatment of Coronavirus infections

v3.24.0.1

Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Note 2 – Basis of Presentation   The unaudited financial statements of the Company for the nine months periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2022, was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company's financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 4, 2023. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

v3.24.0.1

Private Placement	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Private Placement
Private Placement	Note 3 – Private Placement   On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with a single institutional investor for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds received by the Company were $4,089,218.   In connection with the private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,450,000 shares of common stock, (ii) 3,502,381 pre-funded warrants (the “May Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) investor warrants (the “May Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 11,904,762 shares of common stock at $0.59 per share. Each share of common stock and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.84 and each May Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.839. The May Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The May Investor Warrants which have an exercise price of $0.59 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance. As of September 30, 2023, a total of 1,156,381 May Pre-Funded Warrants and no May Investor Warrants have been exercised. The net proceeds received from the exercise of May Pre-Funded Warrants were $1,156.

v3.24.0.1

Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.	Note 4 – Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc.   On October 20, 2022, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Nora Pharma Inc. The purchase price for the shares was $18,860,637 (USD), $14,346,637 of which was paid in cash and the remainder was paid through the issuance of 3,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $4,514,000 or $1.22 per share. Nora Pharma sells generic pharmaceutical products in Canada. Nora Pharma’s operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada.   The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price as of October 20, 2022, the acquisition date using Nora Pharma’s balance sheet assets and liabilities: Schedule of allocation of purchase price       Accounts receivable   $ 1,358,121   Inventory     3,181,916   Intangible assets     659,571   Equipment & furniture     210,503   Other assets     1,105,093   Total assets     6,515,204   Liabilities assumed     (5,981,286 ) Net assets     533,918   Goodwill     18,326,719   Total Consideration   $ 18,860,637     The value of the 3,700,000 common shares issued as part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma was determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date, October 20, 2022 ($1.22 per share).   The Company impaired 100% of the goodwill amount in 2022 and plans to depreciate the intangible assets as detailed in Note 5 below.   As part of the consideration paid for Nora Pharma, the Company agreed to a $5,000,000 CAD ($3,632,000 USD) earnout amount payable to Mr. Malek Chamoun, the Seller of Nora Pharma. The earnout is payable in the form of twenty (20) payments of $250,000 CAD for every $1,000,000 CAD increase in gross sales (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) above Nora Pharma’s June 30, 2022 gross sales, provided that his employment with the Company is not terminated pursuant to the Company’s employment agreement with him. The total earnout amount of $3,632,000 has been recorded as a salary payable. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid an earn-out amount of $1,084,169 leaving a balance earn-out to be paid of $2,547,831 at September 30, 2023.   The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of the Company and Nora Pharma for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, on a pro forma basis, as though the two companies had been combined as of January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of the Company's combined results of operations which would have been obtained had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2021, nor should it be taken as indicative of future consolidated results of operations:  Schedule of Pro Forma results from acquisition             Pro Forma Results From Acquisition   December 31, 2022     December 31, 2021   Total revenues   $ 14,758,115     $ 7,927,165   Net (loss) from operations   $ (26,192,503 )   $ (2,224,253 ) Net (loss)   $ (26,164,764 )   $ (12,289,655 ) Basic and fully diluted (loss) per share   $ (1.74 )   $ (4.70 ) Weighted average number of shares outstanding     15,056,097       2,612,061

v3.24.0.1

Intangible Assets	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	Note 5 – Intangible Assets   Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following at September 30, 2023:  Schedule of intangible assets         Balance June 30, 2023   $ 1,233,570   Dossier fee additions     13,905   Balance at September 30, 2023     1,247,475   Less accumulated amortization     (31,268 ) Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023   $ 1,216,207             Balance December 31, 2022   $ 776,856   Dossier fee additions     470,619   Balance at September 30, 2023     1,247,475   Less accumulated amortization     (31,268 ) Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023   $ 1,216,207     Amortization expense for the three months period ended September 30, 2023, and the nine months period ended September 30, 2023, amounted to $10,797 and $26,746, respectively.   As of September 30, 2023, estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows:  Schedule of estimated amortization expense         2024   $ 55,418   2025     55,418   2026     54,240   2027     15,599   2028     7,370

v3.24.0.1

Reverse Stock Splits	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Reverse Stock Splits
Reverse Stock Splits	Note 6 – Reverse Stock Splits   Effective February 9, 2022, the Company completed a 1 for 200 reverse split of its common stock. The Company had previously completed two 20 to 1 reverse stock splits, one in 2019 and the other in 2020. The Company’s financial statements reflect all three reverse stock splits on a retroactive basis for all periods presented and for all references to common stock, unless specifically stated otherwise.

v3.24.0.1

Capital Stock	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Capital Stock	Note 7 – Capital Stock   The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.10 par value. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2023, the Company had authorized 1,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable and non-retractable. It has superior liquidation rights to the common stock at $0.10 per share and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 10,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding and held by the Company’s chief executive officer.   On February 17, 2022, the Company completed a public offering and received net proceeds of $6,833,071 from the offering. Pursuant to the public offering, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,882,353 shares of common stock and 4,102,200 warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the “Tradeable Warrants”).   On February 22, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share. The remaining 10,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock could not be voted pursuant to a warrant agent agreement relating to the Tradeable Warrants (the “Warrant Agent Agreement”). On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which the holders of the majority of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to eliminate the provision that prohibited the Company’s CEO from exercising his voting rights under the Series B Preferred Stock, as well as to lower the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11. The Company entered into the amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement on October 18, 2023.   On March 14, 2022, the Company completed a private placement and received net proceeds of $6,781,199. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,301,353 shares of its common stock together with investor warrants (“Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,301,353 shares of common stock, and (ii) 1,302,251 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with Investor Warrants to purchase up to 1,302,251 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying Investor Warrant was sold together at a combined offering price of $2.22 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Investor Warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.219. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Investor Warrants have an exercise price of $2.22 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.   On April 28, 2022, the Company completed another private placement and received net proceeds of $16,752,915. In connection with this private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,472,820 shares of its common stock together with warrants (“April Warrants”) to purchase up to 4,945,640 shares of common stock, and (ii) 2,390,025 pre-funded warrants (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) with each Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with April Warrants to purchase up to 4,780,050 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.01 and each Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two April Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $4.009. The Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The April Warrants have an exercise price of $3.76 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance.   On October 20, 2022, the Company issued 3,700,000 shares of common stock as part of the acquisition of Nora Pharma. These shares were valued at $4,514,000, or $1.22 per share.   On January 19, 2023, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of up to $2 million (“Stock Repurchase Program”). During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 445,711 shares of common stock at an average price of $1.1371 per share for a total cost of $506,822. The 445,711 repurchased common shares were cancelled and returned to treasury reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 22,585,632 to 22,139,921.   On May 16, 2023, the Company completed a private placement pursuant to a securities purchase agreement with a single institutional investor for gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The net proceeds received by the Company were $4,089,218. In connection with the private placement, the Company issued (i) 2,450,000 shares of common stock, (ii) 3,502,381 pre-funded warrants (the “May Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) investor warrants (the “May Investor Warrants”) to purchase up to 11,904,762 shares of common stock at $0.59 per share. Each share of common stock and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.84 and each May Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying two May Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.839. The May Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the May Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The May Investor Warrants which have an exercise price of $0.59 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth therein), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance.   In 2022 and the first six months of 2023, the Company issued a total of 10,789,867 shares of common stock in connection with warrant exercises for aggregate net proceeds of $13,194,335.   In July 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 68,012 shares of common stock on the open market under the Stock Repurchase Program announced on January 19, 2023, at an average price of $0.5046 per share for a total cost of $34,321. In October 2023, the 68,012 repurchased common shares were cancelled and returned to treasury reducing the number of issued and outstanding shares from 25,746,302 to 25,678,290.   As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has a total of 25,678,290 and 22,585,632 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.   The Company has declared no dividends since inception.

v3.24.0.1

Warrants	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Warrants
Warrants	Note 8 – Warrants   The Company accounts for issued warrants either as a liability or equity in accordance with ASC 480-10 or ASC 815-40. Under ASC 480-10, warrants are considered a liability if they are mandatorily redeemable and they require settlement in cash, other assets, or a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, the Company considers the requirements of ASC 815-40 to determine whether the warrants should be classified as a liability or as equity. Under ASC 815-40, contracts that may require settlement for cash are liabilities, regardless of the probability of the occurrence of the triggering event. Liability-classified warrants are measured at fair value on the issuance date and at the end of each reporting period. Any change in the fair value of the warrants after the issuance date is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as a gain or loss. If warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude warrants should be classified as equity, the Company assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its common stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP standard. Equity-classified warrants are accounted for at fair value on the issuance date with no changes in fair value recognized after the issuance date.   In 2022 and during the first nine months of 2023, the Company completed four financing events, and in connection therewith, it issued warrants as follows: Schedule of warrants issued with financing              Type   Number   Exercise Price   Expiry Date Pre-Funded Warrants   3,692,276   $0.001   Unlimited Tradeable Warrants   4,102,200   $2.22*   February 2027 Investor Warrants   3,603,604   $2.22   March 2027 April Warrants   9,725,690   $3.76   April 2027 May Pre-Funded Warrants   3,502,381   $0.001   Unlimited May Investor Warrants   11,904,762   $0.59   November 2028   * The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.   As of September 30, 2023, all of the Pre-Funded Warrants and a total of 3,138,507 Tradeable Warrants, 2,802,703 Investor Warrants, and 1,156,381 May Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised resulting in aggregate proceeds of $13,194,335 received by the Company.   The Company’s outstanding warrants at September 30, 2023 consisted of the following:  Schedule of outstanding warrants              Type   Number   Exercise Price   Expiry Date Pre-Funded Warrants   None   $0.001   Unlimited Tradeable Warrants   963,693   $2.22*   February 2027 Investor Warrants   800,901   $2.22   March 2027 April Warrants   9,725,690   $3.76   April 2027 May Pre-Funded Warrants   2,346,000   $0.001   Unlimited May Investor Warrants   11,904,762   $0.59   November 2028   * On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023.

v3.24.0.1

Net Loss Per Common Share	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Common Share	Note 9 – Net Loss Per Common Share   Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents.   Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, taking into consideration common stock equivalents.   In February 2022, the Company issued 4,102,200 Tradeable Warrants pursuant to the Company’s Public Offering. In March and April 2022, the Company issued 3,603,604 Investor Warrants and 9,725,690 April Warrants pursuant to two private placements. In May 2023, the Company issued 11,904,762 May Investor Warrants pursuant to two private placements. As of September 30, 2023, 3,138,507 Tradeable Warrants and 2,802,703 Investor Warrants were exercised, leaving 963,693 Tradeable Warrants, 800,901 Investor Warrants, 9,725,690 April Warrants, and 11,904,762 May Investor Warrants outstanding. These warrants are dilutive and were included in the diluted earnings per share.   In March and April 2022, the Company issued and sold Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,692,276 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, all of these warrants were exercised and therefore had no remaining dilutive effect.   In May 2023, the Company issued and sold May Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,502,381 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 1,156,381 of these warrants were exercised leaving 2,346,000 outstanding. These warrants were not included in the calculation of weighted average outstanding shares as they would be ant-dilutive.

v3.24.0.1

Lease	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Lease
Lease	Note 10 – Lease   The Company has obligations as a lessee for office space with initial non-cancellable terms in excess of one year. The Company classified the lease as an operating lease. The lease contains a renewal option for a period of five years. Because the Company is certain to exercise the renewal option, the optional period is included in determining the lease term, and associated payments under the renewal option are included in the lease payments. The Company’s lease does not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contract include fixed payments plus a variable Payment. The Company’s office space lease requires it to make variable payments for the Company’s proportionate share of building’s property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance. These variable lease payments are not included in lease payments used to determine lease liability and are recognized as variable costs when incurred.   Amounts reported on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 were as follows:    Schedule of lease information   Operating lease ROU asset $664,296 Operating Lease liability - Short-term $117,840 Operating lease liability - Long-term $555,687 Remaining lease term 6 years 3 months Discount rate 6%   Amounts disclosed for ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations and reductions of ROU assets resulting from reductions of lease obligations include amounts reduced from the carrying amount of ROU assets resulting from deferred rent.   Maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancellable operating leases at September 30, 2023 are as follows: Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities     2023 $ 30,124 2024   116,090 2025   116,277 2026   110,134 2027   103,736 Thereafter   197,166

v3.24.0.1

Management and Director Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Management And Director Compensation
Management and Director Compensation	Note 11 – Management and Director Compensation   The Company paid its officers cash compensation totaling $245,000 and $362,500 and $1,290,000 and $770,095 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.   The Company paid its directors cash compensation totaling $100,000 and $300,000 and $100,000 and $200,000 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

v3.24.0.1

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Note 12 – Income Taxes   In calculating the provision for income taxes on an interim basis, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon currently known facts and circumstances and applies that rate to its year-to-date earnings or losses. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on expected income and statutory tax rates and takes into consideration permanent differences between financial statement and tax return income applicable to the Company in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The effect of discrete items, such as changes in estimates, changes in rates or tax status, and unusual or infrequently occurring events, is recognized in the interim period in which the discrete item occurs. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as the result of new judicial interpretations or regulatory or tax law changes.   The Company’s interim effective tax rate, inclusive of discrete items, for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 26.83%.

v3.24.0.1

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Note 13 – Subsequent Events   On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which the holders of the majority of the outstanding Tradeable Warrants approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to (i) reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11, subject to further adjustment as provided therein, and (ii) eliminate the provision that prohibits the Company’s CEO from exercising his voting rights under his Series B Preferred Stock.   In December 2022, the Company had entered into a research agreement with the Jewish General Hospital (“JGH”), Montreal, Canada to conduct IND-enabling studies of the Company’s anticancer drug candidate, Adva-27a (the “Research Agreement”). In August 2023, the Company was advised by JGH that the lab results on testing of the Adva-27a molecule were not favorable. After conclusion of an internal review of the lab results on November 2, 2023, the Company provided notice of termination of the Research Agreement, which will become effective on December 2, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the Research Agreement. The Company has now paused the IND-enabling studies of Adva-27a pending a review of the possibility of chemical modification of the compound to address the suboptimal performance of the molecule in certain studies.

v3.24.0.1

Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc. (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of allocation of purchase price	Schedule of allocation of purchase price       Accounts receivable   $ 1,358,121   Inventory     3,181,916   Intangible assets     659,571   Equipment & furniture     210,503   Other assets     1,105,093   Total assets     6,515,204   Liabilities assumed     (5,981,286 ) Net assets     533,918   Goodwill     18,326,719   Total Consideration   $ 18,860,637
Schedule of Pro Forma results from acquisition	Schedule of Pro Forma results from acquisition             Pro Forma Results From Acquisition   December 31, 2022     December 31, 2021   Total revenues   $ 14,758,115     $ 7,927,165   Net (loss) from operations   $ (26,192,503 )   $ (2,224,253 ) Net (loss)   $ (26,164,764 )   $ (12,289,655 ) Basic and fully diluted (loss) per share   $ (1.74 )   $ (4.70 ) Weighted average number of shares outstanding     15,056,097       2,612,061

v3.24.0.1

Intangible Assets (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of intangible assets	Schedule of intangible assets         Balance June 30, 2023   $ 1,233,570   Dossier fee additions     13,905   Balance at September 30, 2023     1,247,475   Less accumulated amortization     (31,268 ) Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023   $ 1,216,207             Balance December 31, 2022   $ 776,856   Dossier fee additions     470,619   Balance at September 30, 2023     1,247,475   Less accumulated amortization     (31,268 ) Finite-lived intangible assets, net, at September 30, 2023   $ 1,216,207
Schedule of estimated amortization expense	Schedule of estimated amortization expense         2024   $ 55,418   2025     55,418   2026     54,240   2027     15,599   2028     7,370

v3.24.0.1

Warrants (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Warrants
Schedule of warrants issued with financing	Schedule of warrants issued with financing              Type   Number   Exercise Price   Expiry Date Pre-Funded Warrants   3,692,276   $0.001   Unlimited Tradeable Warrants   4,102,200   $2.22*   February 2027 Investor Warrants   3,603,604   $2.22   March 2027 April Warrants   9,725,690   $3.76   April 2027 May Pre-Funded Warrants   3,502,381   $0.001   Unlimited May Investor Warrants   11,904,762   $0.59   November 2028   * The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.
Schedule of outstanding warrants	Schedule of outstanding warrants              Type   Number   Exercise Price   Expiry Date Pre-Funded Warrants   None   $0.001   Unlimited Tradeable Warrants   963,693   $2.22*   February 2027 Investor Warrants   800,901   $2.22   March 2027 April Warrants   9,725,690   $3.76   April 2027 May Pre-Funded Warrants   2,346,000   $0.001   Unlimited May Investor Warrants   11,904,762   $0.59   November 2028   * On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023.

v3.24.0.1

Lease (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Lease
Schedule of lease information	Schedule of lease information   Operating lease ROU asset $664,296 Operating Lease liability - Short-term $117,840 Operating lease liability - Long-term $555,687 Remaining lease term 6 years 3 months Discount rate 6%
Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities	Schedule of maturities of lease liabilities     2023 $ 30,124 2024   116,090 2025   116,277 2026   110,134 2027   103,736 Thereafter   197,166

v3.24.0.1

Description of Business (Details Narrative) - Revenue Benchmark [Member] - Product Concentration Risk [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Generic Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	97.00%
OTC Products [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	3.00%

v3.24.0.1

Private Placement (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	May 16, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Common Stock [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues		2,450,000
Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from private placement	$ 5,000,000
Net proceeds from private placement	$ 4,089,218
Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member] | May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Net proceeds from private placement		$ 1,156
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	3,502,381	1,156,381
Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	2,450,000

v3.24.0.1

Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc. (Details) - Nora Pharma [Member]	Oct. 20, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, account receivable	$ 1,358,121
Business combination, inventory	3,181,916
Business combination, intangible assets	659,571
Business combination, equipment and furniture	210,503
Business combination, other assets	1,105,093
Business combination, total assets	6,515,204
Business combination, liabilities assumed	(5,981,286)
Business combination, net assets	533,918
Business combination, goodwill	18,326,719
Business combination, total consideration	$ 18,860,637

v3.24.0.1

Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc. (Details - Pro Forma results) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 14,758,115	$ 7,927,165
Net (loss) from operations	(26,192,503)	(2,224,253)
Net (loss)	$ (26,164,764)	$ (12,289,655)
Nora Pharma [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Basic (loss) per share	$ (1.74)	$ (4.70)
Fully diluted (loss) per share	$ (1.74)	$ (4.70)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, Basic	15,056,097	2,612,061
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, Diluted	15,056,097	2,612,061

v3.24.0.1

Acquisition of Nora Pharma Inc. (Details Narrative)		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 20, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 20, 2022 CAD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Earnout payable		$ 2,547,831	$ 3,632,000
Nora Pharma [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price of shares	$ 18,860,637
Payments to acquire shares	$ 14,346,637
Stock issued for acquisition | shares	3,700,000
Stock issued for acquisition, value	$ 4,514,000
Nora Pharma [Member] | Malek Chamoun [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Earnout payable	$ 3,632,000	2,547,831		$ 5,000,000
Payment of earnout liability		$ 1,084,169

v3.24.0.1

Intangible Assets (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Finite lived intangible assets, beginning balance	$ 1,233,570	$ 776,856
Dossier fee additions	13,905	470,619
Finite lived intangible assets, ending balance	1,247,475	1,247,475
Less accumulated amortization	(31,268)	(31,268)
Finite lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,216,207	$ 1,216,207

v3.24.0.1

Intangible Assets (Details - Amortization schedule)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 55,418
2025	55,418
2026	54,240
2027	15,599
2028	$ 7,370

v3.24.0.1

Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 10,797	$ 26,746

v3.24.0.1

Reverse Stock Splits (Details Narrative)	Feb. 09, 2022
First Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Offsetting Assets [Line Items]
Reverse stock split	1 for 200 reverse split

v3.24.0.1

Capital Stock (Details Narrative) - USD ($)								1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		May 16, 2023	Oct. 20, 2022	Apr. 28, 2022	Mar. 14, 2022	Feb. 22, 2022	Feb. 17, 2022	Jul. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 19, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized										3,000,000,000		3,000,000,000
Common stock, par value										$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Stock repurchase program amount													$ 2,000,000
Aggregate net proceeds										$ 1,156	$ 0
Common stock, shares outstanding										25,678,290		22,585,632
Dividends										$ 0
Stock Issued For Warrant Exercises [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares issued, shares									10,789,867			10,789,867
Warrants Exercised [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate net proceeds									$ 13,194,335			$ 13,194,335
Nora Pharma Inc [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued for acquisition, shares			3,700,000
Stock issued for acquisition, value			$ 4,514,000
Private Placement [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net proceeds issuance of private placement				$ 16,752,915	$ 6,781,199
Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
[custom:GrossProceedsFromIssuanceOfPrivatePlacement]		$ 5,000,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement		$ 4,089,218
Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares										4,102,200
Exercise price of warrants	[1],[2]									$ 2.22
Common Stock Member And Investor Warrants [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares					2,301,353
Common Stock Member And April Warrants [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares				2,472,820
Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payment for stock repurchased										$ 506,822
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares										3,502,381
Exercise price of warrants										$ 0.001
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member] | Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares		3,502,381								1,156,381
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement										$ 1,156
Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares										2,450,000
Stock repurchased, shares								68,012		445,711
Payment for stock repurchased								$ 34,321
Common stock, shares outstanding										25,678,290		22,585,632
Common Stock [Member] | Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares		2,450,000
Public Offering [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net proceeds issuance of private placement							$ 6,833,071
Public Offering [Member] | Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares							4,102,200
Exercise price of warrants						$ 0.11
Public Offering [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued new, shares							1,882,353
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized										1,000,000		1,000,000
Preferred stock, par value										$ 0.10		$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares issued										10,000		10,000
Number of shares redeemed						990,000
Director [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized										30,000,000
Preferred stock, par value										$ 0.10
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares issued												10,000
[1] On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023. [2] The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.

v3.24.0.1

Warrants (Details - Warrants issued with financing)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	3,692,276
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.001
Expiry date	Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	4,102,200
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 2.22	[1],[2]
Expiry date	February 2027
Investor Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	3,603,604
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 2.22
Expiry date	March 2027
April Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	9,725,690
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 3.76
Expiry date	April 2027
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	3,502,381
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.001
Expiry date	Unlimited
May Investor Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants | shares	11,904,762
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.59
Expiry date	November 2028
[1] On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023. [2] The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.

v3.24.0.1

Warrants (Details - Warrants outstanding)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	0
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.001
Expiry date	Unlimited
Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	963,693
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 2.22	[1],[2]
Expiry date	February 2027
Investor Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	800,901
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 2.22
Expiry date	March 2027
April Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	9,725,690
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 3.76
Expiry date	April 2027
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	2,346,000
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.001
Expiry date	Unlimited
May Investor Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of warrants outstanding | shares	11,904,762
Exercise price | $ / shares	$ 0.59
Expiry date	November 2028
[1] On October 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of the holders of its outstanding Tradeable Warrants in which a majority of the holders approved an amendment to the Warrant Agent Agreement to reduce the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants to $0.11 per warrant. The amendment was executed on October 18, 2023. [2] The Tradeable Warrants had an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. Upon the closing of the Company's private placement on March 14, 2022, the exercise price of the Tradeable Warrants was reduced to $2.22, in accordance with the terms thereof.

v3.24.0.1

Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises	$ 1,156	$ 0
Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants exercised	3,138,507
Investor Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants exercised	2,802,703
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants exercised	1,156,381
All Warrants [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises	$ 13,194,335

v3.24.0.1

Net Loss Per Common Share (Details Narrative) - shares	1 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					4,102,200
Warrant exercised					3,138,507
Warrants outstanding, shares					963,693
Investor Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					3,603,604
Warrant exercised					2,802,703
Warrants outstanding, shares					800,901
April Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					9,725,690
Warrants outstanding, shares					9,725,690
May Investor Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					11,904,762
Warrants outstanding, shares					11,904,762
Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					3,692,276
Warrant exercised		3,692,276	3,692,276		1,156,381
Warrants outstanding, shares					0
Pre Funded Warrant [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares	3,502,381
May Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares					3,502,381
Warrant exercised					1,156,381
Warrants outstanding, shares					2,346,000
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount					2,346,000
Company Public Offering [Member] | Tradeable Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares				4,102,200
Two Private Placements [Member] | Investor Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares			3,603,604
Two Private Placements [Member] | April Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares		9,725,690
Two Private Placements [Member] | May Investor Warrants [Member]
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Warrants issued, shares	11,904,762

v3.24.0.1

Lease (Details - Lease information) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Lease
Operating lease ROU asset	$ 664,296	$ 760,409
Operating Lease liability - Short-term	117,840	123,026
Operating lease liability - Long-term	$ 555,687	$ 642,232
Remaining lease term	6 years 3 months
Discount rate	6.00%

v3.24.0.1

Lease (Details - Maturities of lease payments)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lease
2023	$ 30,124
2024	116,090
2025	116,277
2026	110,134
2027	103,736
Thereafter	$ 197,166

v3.24.0.1

Management and Director Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Management And Director Compensation
Officers cash compensation	$ 245,000	$ 362,500	$ 1,290,000	$ 770,095
Directors cash compensation	$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 300,000	$ 200,000

v3.24.0.1

Income Taxes (Details Narrative)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	26.83%	26.83%

---