Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-38905

NextCure, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	47-5231247
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9000 Virginia Manor Road, Suite 200 Beltsville, Maryland	20705
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(240) 399-4900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	NXTC	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 1, 2024, the registrant had 28,006,684 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

NextCure, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023	1
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	2
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	3
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	24
Item 5.	Other Information	24
Item 6.	Exhibits	25
SIGNATURES		26

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NEXTCURE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

( in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	September 30, 2024		December 31,
	(unaudited)		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	27,702	$	13,082
Marketable securities		47,606		95,217
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,385		4,426
Total current assets		78,693		112,725
Property and equipment, net		6,167		9,033
Right of use assets		3,415		4,398
Other assets		2,070		1,882
Total assets	$	90,345	$	128,038
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,613	$	2,330
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		5,059		4,553
Total current liabilities		8,672		6,883
Lease liabilities, long term		5,388		5,949
Other long-term liabilities		693		785
Total liabilities		14,753		13,617
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; No shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		—		—
Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 27,975,840 and 27,903,027 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		28		28
Additional paid-in capital		444,021		439,097
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		76		(222)
Accumulated deficit		(368,533)		(324,482)
Total stockholders’ equity		75,592		114,421
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	90,345	$	128,038

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	8,770	$	11,010	$	32,586	$	36,104
General and administrative		3,725		4,608		12,165		15,743
Restructuring and asset impairment charges		—		—		2,542		—
Total operating expenses		12,495		15,618		47,293		51,847
Loss from operations		(12,495)		(15,618)		(47,293)		(51,847)
Other income, net		955		1,317		3,242		3,591
Net loss	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$	(0.41)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.58)	$	(1.73)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		27,975,840		27,839,968		27,950,634		27,814,655
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		162		322		298		891
Total comprehensive loss	$	(11,378)	$	(13,979)	$	(43,753)	$	(47,365)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

	Stockholders’ Equity
				Additional		Accumulated Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	27,903,027	$	28	$	439,097	$	(222)	$	(324,482)	$	114,421
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,693		—		—		1,693
Exercise of stock options	600		—		1		—		—		1
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—		—		—		40		—		40
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(17,107)		(17,107)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	27,903,627	$	28	$	440,791	$	(182)	$	(341,589)	$	99,048
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,594		—		—		1,594
Exercise of stock options	13,985		—		22		—		—		22
Issuance of shares under ESPP	41,077		—		46		—		—		46
Issuance of shares from at-the-market sales, net of expenses	17,151		—		39		—		—		39
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax $0	—		—		—		96		—		96
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(15,404)		(15,404)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	27,975,840	$	28	$	442,492	$	(86)	$	(356,993)	$	85,441
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,529		—		—		1,529
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax $0	—		—		—		162		—		162
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(11,540)		(11,540)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	27,975,840	$	28	$	444,021	$	76	$	(368,533)	$	75,592


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

	Stockholders’ Equity
				Additional		Accumulated Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		(Loss) Income		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	27,774,536	$	28	$	430,755	$	(1,494)	$	(261,759)	$	167,530
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,078		—		—		2,078
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	—		—		—		691		—		691
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(16,096)		(16,096)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	27,774,536	$	28	$	432,833	$	(803)	$	(277,855)	$	154,203
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,125		—		—		2,125
Exercise of stock options	5,057		—		5		—		—		5
Issuance of shares under ESPP	60,375		—		78		—		—		78
Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of tax $0	—		—		—		(122)		—		(122)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(17,859)		(17,859)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	27,839,968	$	28	$	435,041	$	(925)	$	(295,714)	$	138,430
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,001		—		—		2,001
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax $0	—		—		—		322		—		322
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(14,301)		(14,301)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	27,839,968	$	28	$	437,042	$	(603)	$	(310,015)	$	126,452

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,191		2,860
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities		(947)		(432)
Stock-based compensation		4,816		6,204
Asset impairment		1,786		—
Noncash operating lease expense		422		426
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets		811		38
Accounts payable		1,283		(1,668)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		506		(907)
Lease liabilities		(561)		(485)
Other long-term liabilities		(92)		(84)
Net cash used in operating activities		(33,836)		(42,304)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales and maturities of marketable securities		88,965		97,605
Purchases of marketable securities		(40,109)		(61,688)
Purchases of property and equipment		(508)		(807)
Net cash provided by investing activities		48,348		35,110
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from at-the-market sales		39		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		23		5
Proceeds from shares issued under ESPP		46		78
Net cash provided by financing activities		108		83
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		14,620		(7,111)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period		13,082		26,630
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period	$	27,702	$	19,519
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	55	$	62

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Nature of the Business

Organization

NextCure, Inc. (“NextCure” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in September 2015 and is headquartered in Beltsville, Maryland. The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing innovative medicines that treat cancer patients that do not respond to, or have disease progression on, current therapies, through the use of differentiated mechanisms of actions including antibody-drug conjugates, antibodies and proteins. We focus on advancing therapies that leverage our core strengths in understanding biological pathways and biomarkers, the interactions of cells, including in the tumor microenvironment, and the role each interaction plays in a biologic response. Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts and financial resources to discovery, research and development activities for the Company’s product candidates, identifying business development opportunities, raising capital and securing intellectual property rights related to the Company’s product candidates.

Liquidity

The Company has not generated any revenue to date from product sales and does not expect to generate any revenues from product sales in the foreseeable future. Through September 30, 2024, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from public offerings of its common stock, private placements of its preferred stock and upfront fees received under the Company’s former agreement with Eli Lilly and Company, which was terminated in March 2020. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $75.3 million. The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its planned operations for at least the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The following significant accounting policies are in addition to the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”).

Restructuring Charges

The Company recognizes restructuring charges related to reorganization plans that have been implemented by management. In connection with these activities, the Company records restructuring charges at fair value for:

•

contractual or other employee termination benefits provided that the obligations result from services already rendered based on rights that vested or accumulate when the payment of benefits becomes probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated;

•

one-time employee termination benefits to the employees provided that management has committed to a plan of termination, the plan identifies the employees and their expected termination dates, the details of termination benefits are complete, and it is unlikely that changes to the plan will be made or the plan will be withdrawn;

•

contract termination costs when the Company cancels a contract in accordance with its terms; and

•

costs to be incurred over the remaining contract term without economic benefit to the Company at the cease-use date.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

For one-time employee terminations benefits, the Company recognizes the liability in full on the communication date when future services are not required or amortizes the liability ratably over the service period, if required. The fair value of termination benefits reflects the Company’s estimate of expected utilization of certain Company-funded post-employment benefits.

Long-Lived Asset Impairment Assessments

Long-lived assets, including operating lease assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to future net cash flows estimated by the Company to be generated by such assets. If such asset group is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and have been prepared by the Company in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto in the Annual Report.

Unaudited Financial Information

In the opinion of management, the information furnished reflects certain adjustments, all which are of a normal and recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of the reported balance sheet date and of the Company’s results for the reported interim periods. The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Although actual results could differ from those estimates, management does not believe that such differences would be material.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company qualifies as an emerging growth company (“EGC”) as defined under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). Using exemptions provided under the JOBS Act provided to EGCs, the Company has elected to defer compliance with new or revised financial accounting standards until it is required to comply with such standards, which is generally consistent with required adoption dates of private companies. The Company will cease to be an EGC effective December 31, 2024, meaning it will have to comply with all applicable SEC requirements for non-EGC’s starting with its next Form 10-K filing.

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). All other ASUs issued subsequent to the filing of the Company’s

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Annual Report were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

3. Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	39,586	$	72	$	(2)	$	39,656
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,944		6		—		7,950
Total	$	47,530	$	78	$	(2)	$	47,606


	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	73,334	$	36	$	(210)	$	73,160
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,105		5		(53)		22,057
Total	$	95,439	$	41	$	(263)	$	95,217

The Company uses the specific identification method when calculating realized gains and losses. The Company did not realize any gains or losses on available-for-sale securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The Company reviewed all investments which were in a loss position at the respective balance sheet dates, as well as the remainder of the portfolio. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had investments with a total fair market value of $6.6 million in an immaterial unrealized loss position, of which none were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than twelve months. The Company analyzed the unrealized losses and determined that market conditions were the primary factor driving these changes, and such unrealized losses are temporary as the Company anticipates a full recovery of the amortized cost basis of these securities at maturity. After analyzing the securities in an unrealized loss position, the portion of these losses that relates to changes in credit quality is insignificant. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them prior to the end of their contractual terms. Furthermore, the Company does not believe that these securities expose the Company to undue market risk or counterparty credit risk.

The following table summarizes maturities of the Company’s investments available-for-sale as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
			Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	40,992	$	41,042
Over 1 year		6,538		6,564
Total investments available-for-sale	$	47,530	$	47,606

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

The Company has elected to report interest receivable from its marketable securities with prepaid expenses and other current assets on its balance sheet. Interest receivable included in prepaid expenses and other current assets totaled $0.3 million and $0.8 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company has certain financial assets recorded at fair value, which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted market prices, interest rates and yield curves.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs developed using estimates of assumptions developed by the Company, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

To the extent the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair values requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized as Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	27,346	$	27,346	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		39,656		—		39,656		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,950		—		7,950		—
Total	$	74,952	$	27,346	$	47,606	$	—


	December 31, 2023
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	12,582	$	12,582	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		73,160		—		73,160		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,057		—		22,057		—
Total	$	107,799	$	12,582	$	95,217	$	—

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

The Company did not transfer any assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

5. Leases

The Company's lease portfolio consists of office space and laboratory facilities. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. The terms of the Company's lease agreements currently extend through March 2030 and provide the Company with an option for a five-year extension. Under the terms of the leases, the Company pays base annual rent subject to fixed dollar increases each year and other normal operating expenses such as taxes, repairs, and maintenance. The Company evaluates renewal options at lease inception and on an ongoing basis and considers renewal options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise in its expected lease terms when classifying leases and measuring lease liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842. The leases do not require variable lease payments or residual value guarantees and do not contain restrictive covenants.

The leases do not provide an implicit rate; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate when measuring the operating lease liability. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of the lease.

Operating lease expense was $253,000 and $272,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Operating lease expense was $779,000 and $816,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Operating cash flows used for operating leases during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were $843,000 and $757,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 5.5 years, and the weighted average discount rate was 7.47%.

As of September 30, 2024, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands), which are included in Accrued liabilities and other liabilities and Lease liabilities, long term in the accompanying balance sheet:




2024	$	284
2025		1,214
2026		1,355
2027		1,396
2028		1,438
Thereafter		1,857
Total future minimum payments	$	7,544
Less: present value discount		(1,424)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,120

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

6. Stock-Based Compensation

Employee Equity Plans

The NextCure, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) was adopted in December 2015 and provides for the grant of awards of stock options, restricted stock awards, unrestricted stock awards and restricted stock units to employees, consultants, and directors of the Company.

The NextCure, Inc. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) became effective on May 8, 2019, the date on which the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed in connection with the IPO was declared effective (the “Effective Date”). The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) determined not to make additional awards under the 2015 Plan following the effectiveness of the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, other equity-based awards and cash bonus awards to the Company’s officers, employees, non-employee directors and other key persons (including consultants).

The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan is 2,900,000 plus the number of shares of stock related to awards outstanding under the 2015 Plan that subsequently terminate by expiration or forfeiture, cancellation or otherwise without the issuance of such shares. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan automatically increase each January 1st during the term of the 2019 Plan by 4% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or such lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of September 30, 2024, 1,221,931 shares were reserved for future grant under the 2019 Plan.

Stock options granted under the 2015 Plan and 2019 Plan (together, the “Plans”) to employees generally vest over four years and expire after ten years.

A summary of stock option activity for awards under the Plans is presented below:


	Options Outstanding and Exercisable
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average	Aggregate
		Average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Value⁽¹⁾
	Shares	Price		Life (Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,817,102	$	8.83	7.3	$	52
Granted	2,974,950	$	1.65	—		—
Exercised	(14,585)	$	1.55	—		—
Forfeitures	(885,459)	$	3.43	—		—
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	8,892,008	$	6.98	7.3		303
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024	4,844,594	$	10.82	6.0	$	101

(1)	The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the estimated fair value of the common stock for the options that were in the money at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.

The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.19 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There were 14,585 stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, there was $5.4 million of total unrecognized

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

compensation expense related to unvested options under the Plans that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.

The aggregate grant date fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $4.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense was classified on the statements of operations as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development	$	689	$	721	$	2,072	$	2,184
General and administrative		840		1,280		2,744		4,020
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,529	$	2,001	$	4,816	$	6,204

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using the assumptions in the following table for options issued during the period indicated:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Expected term	5.8	years	6.1	years
Expected volatility	83.3	%	81.4	%
Risk free interest rate	4.1	%	3.5 - 4.1	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%	—	%

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The NextCure, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) was approved in May 2019 and provides for eligible employees of the Company to purchase shares of Company stock at a discounted price. As of September 30, 2024, 214,094 shares of common stock had been issued pursuant to the ESPP and 855,616 shares were reserved for future issuance thereunder.

7. Collaboration Agreements

Collaboration Agreement with LigaChem Biosciences, Inc. (“LigaChem”), formerly known as LegoChem Biosciences

In November 2022, the Company entered into a Research Collaboration and Co-Development Agreement (“Agreement”) with LigaChem to develop up to three antibody drug conjugates. Under the terms of the Agreement, both parties equally share the costs of developing the molecules and profits on commercialized products. The collaboration consists of up to three research programs for which a research plan will be developed. With respect to a research plan, each party shall use reasonable efforts to execute and perform the activities assigned to it. Each party shall be solely responsible for costs associated with its assigned activities as outlined in the research plan. Upon successful completion of a research plan, or as otherwise agreed, the parties may designate a research product as a co-development product. Upon designation of a co-development product, cost sharing on a 50-50 basis between the Company and LigaChem would begin. The activities associated with the research plan and co-development products will be coordinated by a joint steering committee, which is comprised of an equal number of representatives from the Company and LigaChem. If and when a co-development product becomes commercialized, the Company and LigaChem would equally share in the profits. There are no implied licenses or other rights created under this Agreement after designation of a co-development product.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Effective April 1, 2023, the parties designated the initial co-development product under the Agreement. As such, cost sharing on a 50-50 basis commenced for the first co-development product under the Agreement.

Given the involvement by both parties under this Agreement, management assessed the criteria under ASC 808 to determine if such agreement is within the scope of ASC 808. Based on the terms of the Agreement, the Company concluded that the Agreement meets the requirements of a collaboration within the guidance of ASC 808. The Company and LigaChem are active participants in the activities associated with the Agreement and are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of the activity. The Agreement is not reflective of a vendor-customer relationship and therefore not within the scope of ASC 606. Accordingly, the net costs associated with the co-development pursuant to the Agreement are expensed as incurred and recognized within research and development expenses on the statement of operations.

As of September 30, 2024, LNCB74 was the lone co-development product and was in the early stages of development. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred more costs than LigaChem under the Agreement, and recorded a reduction in costs of $0.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively, reflecting the 50-50 cost sharing terms under the Agreement. Further, the Company and LigaChem finalized the cost sharing adjustments from the fourth quarter of 2023, resulting in an additional reduction in costs of $1.6 million that was recorded in the first quarter of 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a receivable from LigaChem of $0.5 million.

8. Restructuring and Asset Impairment

On March 19, 2024, the Board approved a restructuring plan and prioritization (the “2024 Restructuring”) of its clinical portfolio to focus on what the Company believes to be its highest-value opportunities in NC410 (ovarian and colorectal cancer) and LNCB74 (B7-H4 ADC). In addition to prioritizing these programs, the Company paused its internal manufacturing operations and reduced its workforce by approximately 37%.

Employees affected by the reduction in force under the 2024 Restructuring were entitled to receive severance payments and Company-funded medical insurance for a specified time. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.8 million for employees who had no requirements for future service upon approval of the 2024 Restructuring. This $0.8 million was paid out in full during the three months ended June 30, 2024, and there is no remaining liability as of September 30, 2024.

The Company also completed an evaluation of the impact of the 2024 Restructuring on the carrying value of its long-lived assets. Our evaluation determined that indicators of impairment were present within right of use assets and property and equipment. Where impairment indicators existed, the Company evaluated the identified asset group and separately compared the estimated undiscounted cash flow for each asset group to the net book value of the related long-term asset. Based on this evaluation, the Company determined an impairment was present and then calculated the amount of the impairment by developing a fair value estimate of the asset group that was compared to the carrying value.

The Company recorded $1.8 million of impairment charges related to a facility operating lease asset and accelerated depreciation on manufacturing equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2024. No additional impairment charges were recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Assumptions used in this analysis included current real estate trends, length of time to enter into a sublease and the discount rate used to develop the present value estimate. Other assumptions included an estimate of the salvage value for manufacturing equipment that is no longer in use. These assumptions are considered nonrecurring Level 3 estimates.

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

9. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The computation of basic loss per share is based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, without consideration for dilutive common stock equivalents. The computation of diluted loss per share is based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares, which include shares that may be issued under the 2015 Plan and 2019 Plan, as determined using the treasury stock method.

The computation for basic and diluted loss per share were as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net loss (Numerator):
Net loss - basic and diluted	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Shares (Denominator):
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		27,975,840		27,839,968		27,950,634		27,814,655
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.41)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.58)	$	(1.73)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, all options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same.

The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the period indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	September 30,
	2024		2023
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		8,892,008	6,913,348
Total		8,892,008	6,913,348

10. Income Taxes

The Company did not record a provision or benefit for income taxes during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.

The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence involving its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Management has considered the Company’s history of cumulative net losses incurred since inception and its lack of any commercially ready products. It has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. Management reevaluates the positive and negative evidence at each reporting period.

Under the provisions of Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), certain substantial changes in the Company’s ownership may have limited, or may limit in the future, the amount of net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards that can be used to reduce future income taxes. We have not performed a detailed analysis to determine whether an ownership change under Section 382 of the IRC occurred. The

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NEXTCURE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

effect of an ownership change would be the imposition of an annual limitation on the use of losses and credits attributable to periods before the change and could result in a reduction in the total losses and credits available.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to litigation or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not currently a party to any litigation or legal proceeding, nor is management aware of any pending or threatened litigation that, in the opinion of the Company’s management, is likely to materially affect the Company’s business or financial results. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses the costs related to its legal proceedings as incurred.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report and the audited financial information and related notes, as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other disclosures, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, or our “2023 Annual Report.” Some of the statements contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “positioned,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or similar language. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

●

our expectations regarding the timing, progress and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials for any product candidates we develop, including statements regarding the timing of initiation and completion of studies or trials and related preparatory work, the period during which the results of the trials will become available and our research and development programs;

●	the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings for any product candidates we develop and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for such product candidates for any indication;

●	the identification, analysis and use of biomarkers and biomarker data;

●	the anticipated benefits of our recently announced prioritization and restructuring plan;

●	our drug product sourcing and manufacturing strategy, including the scalability of our methods and processes;

●	our expectations regarding the potential benefits, activity, effectiveness and safety of any product candidates we develop;

●	our intentions and ability to successfully commercialize, including through partnering, our product candidates;

●	our expectations regarding the nature of the biological pathways we are targeting;

●	our expectations regarding our ability to discover and advance product candidates using our technologies;

●	the potential benefits of and our ability to maintain our relationship with Yale University, LigaChem Biosciences, Inc. and other third parties;

●	our ability to retain key personnel;

●	our estimates regarding our expenses, future revenues, capital requirements, needs for or ability to obtain additional financing and the period over which we expect our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to be sufficient to fund our operations;

●	our intended reliance on and the performance of third parties, including collaborators, contract research organizations and third-party manufacturers;

●	our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property protection and the scope and duration of such protection;

●	developments and projections relating to our competitors and our industry, including competing therapies; and

●	the impact of current and future laws and regulations.

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Forward-looking statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others: the potential that positive results in preclinical studies may not be predictive of the results of clinical trials; our limited operating history and lack of any products approved for commercial sale; our history of significant losses; our need and ability to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all; risks related to clinical development, marketing approval and commercialization; the unproven approach to the discovery and development of product candidates based on our technologies; risks related to our restructuring and reduction in force; and our dependence on key personnel. More detailed information on these and additional factors that could affect our actual results are described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, even if expectations change.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company that is focused on advancing innovative medicines that treat cancer patients that do not respond to, or have disease progression on, current therapies, through the use of differentiated mechanisms of actions including antibody-drug conjugates (“ADCs”), antibodies and proteins. We focus on advancing therapies that leverage our core strengths in understanding biological pathways and biomarkers, the interactions of cells, including in the tumor microenvironment, and the role each interaction plays in a biologic response.

Our product candidate LNCB74 is designed as a state-of-the-art B7-H4 targeted ADC to kill tumors. An ADC consists of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker. B7-H4, a clinically validated target, is a cell surface protein expressed on multiple tumor types including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, that we believe represents a large market opportunity. LNCB74 will be positioned as a promising B7-H4 ADC with both improved safety and efficacy compared to other ADCs targeting B7-H4. LNCB74 is being advanced under a November 2022 Research Collaboration and Co-Development Agreement (“LigaChem Agreement”) with LigaChem Biosciences, Inc. “(LigaChem”). Preclilnical studies demonstrated potent tumor killing in disease models and a favorable safety profile. We plan to file an IND application by year-end and advance into Phase 1, subject to and shortly after our receipt of an FDA safe-to-proceed letter.

In November 2024, we announced an update on ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the Phase 1b portion of a Phase1b/2 study evaluating NC410, a fusion protein of LAIR-2 that we have exclusive worldwide rights to, in combination with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab), Merck & Co., Inc.’s anti-PD-1 therapeutic. As of October 14, there are four active ovarian cancer and seven active CRC patients that remain in the study, and they will continue to be monitored. Previously reported clinical responses to date and biomarker data support the proposed mechanism of action of NC410. As we continue to close out the existing study and finalize the data set, we plan to seek partnering or third party financing to advance NC410 in further clinical trials.

In addition, we are seeking to partner our clinical programs NC525 and NC318 and pursue a partner or third party financing to advance our preclinical non-oncology programs. Our non-oncology programs include NC181, a humanized antibody targeting ApoE4 for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and NC605, an antibody that targets Siglic-15 for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. We believe that both of these non-oncology programs have the potential to file an IND application within twelve to eighteen months if financial support from a partner or third parties is secured.

In March 2024, we announced a prioritization and restructuring of our operations to align with our focused pipeline. We paused our internal manufacturing operations and reduced our workforce. In part because of these actions, we expect to fund our operations into the second half of 2026 with our existing cash position of approximately $75.3 million as of September 30, 2024.

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Financial Overview

Since commencing operations in 2015, we have devoted substantially all our efforts and financial resources to discovery, research, and development activities for the Company’s product candidates, identifying business development opportunities, raising capital, securing intellectual property rights related to the Company’s product candidates and organizing and staffing the Company.

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and have financed our operations primarily through proceeds from public offerings of our common stock, with private placements of our preferred stock and with upfront fees received under our former research and development collaboration agreement. Since inception through September 30, 2024, we raised approximately $423 million in gross proceeds from the sale of equity instruments and previously received a $25 million upfront payment from our former collaboration partner. Our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $11.5 million and $14.3 million, respectively. Our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $44.1 million and $48.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $368.5 million, primarily as a result of research and development and general and administrative expenses. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain marketing approval and commercialize a product candidate, and we cannot assure you that we will ever generate significant revenue or profits.

As of September 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $75.3 million. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into the second half of 2026. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect.

We expect to incur substantial expenditures in the foreseeable future as we advance LNCB74 through clinical development, the regulatory approval process and, if approved, commercialization. Specifically, in the near term, we expect to incur expenses relating to ramping up clinical development activities with respect to LNCB74, concluding our Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of NC410 in combination with pembrolizumab, and other research and development activities.

We will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and to pursue our development strategy. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our product candidates, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of public and private equity offerings, debt financings, marketing and distribution arrangements, other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. Adequate funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we fail to raise capital or enter into such agreements as and when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate preclinical studies, clinical trials, or other research and development activities or one or more of our development programs.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our clinical trials, research activities, and development and testing of our product candidates:

●

expenses incurred under agreements with third parties, including agreements with third parties that conduct research, preclinical activities or clinical trials on our behalf;

●

costs of outside consultants, including their fees, stock-based compensation and related travel expenses;

●

the costs of laboratory supplies and acquiring, developing and manufacturing preclinical study and clinical trial materials;

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●

salaries, benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel engaged in research and development functions; and

●

facility-related expenses, which include direct depreciation costs and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and other operating costs.

We expense research and development costs as incurred. Our expenses related to clinical trials are based on actual costs incurred and estimates of other incurred costs. These estimated costs are based on several factors, including patient enrollment and related expenses at clinical investigator sites, contract services received, consulting agreement costs and efforts expended under contracts with research institutions and third-party contract research organizations that conduct and manage clinical trials on our behalf. We generally accrue estimated costs related to clinical trials based on contracted amounts applied to the level of patient enrollment and other activity according to the protocol. If future timelines or contracts are modified based on changes in the clinical trial protocol or scope of work to be performed, we would modify our estimates of accrued expenses accordingly on a prospective basis. Historically, any such modifications have not been material.

Research and development activities are central to our business model. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in the future as we advance our product candidates through development.

We cannot determine with certainty the duration and costs of future clinical trials of LNCB74 or any other product candidate we may develop or if, when or to what extent we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of any product candidate for which we may obtain marketing approval. We may never succeed in obtaining marketing approval for any product candidate. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of LNCB74 and any other product candidate we may develop will depend on a variety of factors, including:

●

the scope, progress, results and costs of clinical trials of LNCB74, as well as of any future clinical trials of other product candidates and other research and development activities that we may conduct;

●

our ability to obtain partnerships for our other programs;

●

uncertainties in selection of indications, clinical trial design and patient enrollment rates;

●

the probability of success for our product candidates, including safety and efficacy, early clinical data, competition, ease and ability of manufacturing and commercial viability;

●

significant and changing government regulation and regulatory guidance;

●

the timing and receipt of any development or marketing approvals; and

●

the expense of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could lead to a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the FDA or another regulatory authority were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we anticipate will be required for the completion of clinical development of a product candidate, or if we experience significant delays in our clinical trials due to patient enrollment or other reasons, we would be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time to complete clinical development for any such product candidate.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, including payroll and stock- based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance, human resources, business and corporate development and other administrative functions, professional fees for legal, intellectual property, consulting and accounting services, rent and other facility-related costs, depreciation and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research and development expenses. General and administrative expenses also include all patent-related costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications, which are expensed as incurred.

Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges

Restructuring charges consist of severance charges associated with a reduction in force, and include salary continuation, payroll taxes and company funded benefits. Asset impairment charges reflect the write-down of long-lived assets that are considered impaired under ASC 360.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net consists primarily of interest income earned on marketable securities.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	8,770	$	11,010	$	(2,240)	$	32,586	$	36,104	$	(3,518)
General and administrative		3,725		4,608		(883)		12,165		15,743		(3,578)
Restructuring and asset impairment charges		—		—		—		2,542		—		2,542
Loss from operations		(12,495)		(15,618)		3,123		(47,293)		(51,847)		4,554
Other income, net		955		1,317		(362)		3,242		3,591		(349)
Net loss	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	2,761	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)	$	4,205

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses by product candidate for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
External research and development expenses:
LNCB74, net of cost sharing		556		215		341		3,493		472		3,021
Other programs and preclinical development		4,072		5,171		(1,099)		16,518		17,739		(1,221)
Total external research and development expenses		4,628		5,386		(758)		20,011		18,211		1,800
Total internal research and development expenses		4,142		5,624		(1,482)		12,575		17,893		(5,318)
Total research and development expenses	$	8,770	$	11,010	$	(2,240)	$	32,586	$	36,104	$	(3,518)

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We do not allocate personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation costs, or other indirect costs to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development and discovery and, as such, are separately classified as internal research and development expenses in the table above. The majority of other program expenses in the table above represent clinical programs that we seek to partner.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $2.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to lower costs on other programs and preclinical development and lower internal costs, primarily lower personnel-related costs and depreciation.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $3.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as net costs for the LNCB74 program were offset by lower costs on other programs and preclinical development and lower internal costs, primarily lower personnel-related costs and depreciation.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $0.9 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower payroll, lower stock compensation expense, and lower insurance costs.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $3.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower payroll, lower stock compensation expense, and lower insurance costs.

Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges

Restructuring and asset impairment charges were $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, consisting of $0.7 million of severance charges as a result of a reduction in force announced on March 21, 2024, and $1.8 million of asset impairment charges associated with the write-down of certain manufacturing equipment, right of use assets and related improvements as a result of the pause in manufacturing that we announced on March 21, 2024. There were no restructuring and asset impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $0.4 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to lower interest income as a result of lower cash available to invest.

Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $0.3 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as lower interest income as a result of lower cash available to invest was partially offset by higher accretion of investment discounts on marketable securities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations primarily with proceeds from public offerings of our common stock, private placements of our preferred stock and upfront fees received under the Company’s former agreement with Eli Lilly and Company, which was terminated in March 2020 (the “Lilly Agreement”). On May 13, 2019, we closed our IPO, in which we sold 5,750,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, for net offering proceeds to us of approximately $77.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On November 19, 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering in which we sold 4,077,192 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $36.75 per share. On December 2, 2019, the underwriters exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 611,578 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $36.75. Net offering proceeds to us were approximately $160.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Since inception, we have received aggregate gross proceeds of $164.4 million from the sale and issuance of shares of our

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preferred stock. In addition, in November 2018, we received an upfront payment of $25.0 million in cash from Lilly pursuant to the Lilly Agreement. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in money market funds.

On August 4, 2023, we entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (the “Agent”), pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $75 million of our common stock through the Agent in negotiated transactions that are deemed to be an “at the market offering.” The Agent will be entitled to compensation equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of all shares of common stock sold through it as Agent under the Sales Agreement. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock, capital needs and determinations by us of the appropriate sources of funding for the Company. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold 17,151 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $39,000.

We will continue to require additional capital to develop our product candidates and fund operations for the foreseeable future. We may seek to raise capital through sale of equity, debt financings, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we fail to raise capital or enter into such arrangements as and when needed, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development of our product candidates or delay our efforts to expand our pipeline of product candidates.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for each of the periods presented below (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(33,836)	$	(42,304)
Investing activities		48,348		35,110
Financing activities		108		83
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	14,620	$	(7,111)

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was primarily the result of our net loss of $44.1 million, partially offset by non-cash charges for depreciation of $2.2 million, stock-based compensation of $4.8 million and impairment charges of $1.8 million, and $1.9 million provided by net changes in operating assets and liabilities. Net cash used in operating activities was $42.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily the result of our net loss of $48.3 million and a $3.1 million net use of operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $2.9 million and stock-based compensation of $6.2 million.

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $48.3 million, which was primarily due to net proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $48.9 million. Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $35.1 million, which was primarily due to net proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $35.9 million, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $0.8 million.

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Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 representing the exercise of stock options, sales of stock under the ESPP and the sale of 17,151 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement. Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 representing sales of our stock under the ESPP and the exercise of stock options.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to those disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Use of Estimates

Our condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or “GAAP”. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. The most significant assumptions used in the financial statements are the underlying assumptions used in valuing share-based compensation, including the fair value of our common stock in periods before our IPO. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies reported in our 2023 Annual Report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements that may impact our financial position and results of operations.

Emerging Growth Company Status

As an emerging growth company, or “EGC”, under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the “JOBS Act”, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not EGCs. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for adopting new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company will cease to be an EGC effective December 31, 2024, meaning it will have to comply with all applicable SEC requirements for non-EGC’s starting with its next Form 10-K filing.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2024. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The information set forth under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to Condensed Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report, is incorporated herein by reference. In addition, from time to time, we are involved in litigation or other legal proceedings as part of our ordinary course of business. In the opinion of our management, the ultimate disposition of these legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material updates to the risk factors set forth in our 2023 Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report are set forth on the Exhibit Index, below.


Exhibit No.		Exhibit Description

31.1		Certification of Michael Richman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Steven P. Cobourn pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Michael Richman and Steven P. Cobourn pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

EX-101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document

EX-101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

EX-101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

EX-101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

EX-101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

EX-101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Coverage Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	NEXTCURE, INC.

Date: November 7, 2024	By:	/s/ Michael Richman
	Name:	Michael Richman
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 7, 2024	By:	/s/ Steven P. Cobourn
	Name:	Steven P. Cobourn
		Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Michael Richman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NextCure, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 7, 2024


/s/ Michael Richman
Name:	Michael Richman
Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Steven P. Cobourn, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NextCure, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 7, 2024


/s/ Steven P. Cobourn
Name:	Steven P. Cobourn
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NextCure, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned each hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge, on the date hereof:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



Dated: November 7, 2024

	/s/ Michael Richman
	Name:	Michael Richman
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer



Dated: November 7, 2024

	/s/ Steven P. Cobourn
	Name:	Steven P. Cobourn
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 01, 2024
Cover Abstract
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Securities Act File Number	001-38905
Entity Registrant Name	NextCure, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001661059
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-5231247
Entity Address, Address Line One	9000 Virginia Manor Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Beltsville
Entity Address, State or Province	MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20705
City Area Code	240
Local Phone Number	399-4900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	NXTC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		28,006,684
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 27,702	$ 13,082
Marketable securities	47,606	95,217
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,385	4,426
Total current assets	78,693	112,725
Property and equipment, net	6,167	9,033
Right of use assets	3,415	4,398
Other assets	2,070	1,882
Total assets	90,345	128,038
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,613	2,330
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities	5,059	4,553
Total current liabilities	8,672	6,883
Lease liabilities, long term	5,388	5,949
Other long-term liabilities	693	785
Total liabilities	14,753	13,617
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; No shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Common stock, par value of $0.001 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 27,975,840 and 27,903,027 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	28	28
Additional paid-in capital	444,021	439,097
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	76	(222)
Accumulated deficit	(368,533)	(324,482)
Total stockholders' equity	75,592	114,421
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 90,345	$ 128,038

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
Preferred stock, par value per share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, number of shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, number of shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	27,975,840	27,903,027
Common stock, shares outstanding	27,975,840	27,903,027

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 8,770	$ 11,010	$ 32,586	$ 36,104
General and administrative	3,725	4,608	12,165	15,743
Restructuring and asset impairment charges			2,542
Total operating expenses	12,495	15,618	47,293	51,847
Loss from operations	(12,495)	(15,618)	(47,293)	(51,847)
Other income, net	955	1,317	3,242	3,591
Net loss	$ (11,540)	$ (14,301)	$ (44,051)	$ (48,256)
Net loss per common share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)	$ (0.51)	$ (1.58)	$ (1.73)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)	$ (0.51)	$ (1.58)	$ (1.73)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	27,975,840	27,839,968	27,950,634	27,814,655
Diluted (in shares)	27,975,840	27,839,968	27,950,634	27,814,655
Comprehensive loss:
Net Income (Loss)	$ (11,540)	$ (14,301)	$ (44,051)	$ (48,256)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	162	322	298	891
Total comprehensive loss	$ (11,378)	$ (13,979)	$ (43,753)	$ (47,365)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at the beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 28	$ 430,755	$ (1,494)	$ (261,759)	$ 167,530
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	27,774,536
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		2,078			2,078
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			691		691
Net Income (Loss)				(16,096)	(16,096)
Balance at the end at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 28	432,833	(803)	(277,855)	154,203
Balance at the end (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	27,774,536
Balance at the beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 28	430,755	(1,494)	(261,759)	167,530
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	27,774,536
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Net Income (Loss)					(48,256)
Balance at the end at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 28	437,042	(603)	(310,015)	126,452
Balance at the end (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	27,839,968
Balance at the beginning at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 28	432,833	(803)	(277,855)	154,203
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	27,774,536
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		2,125			2,125
Exercise of stock options		5			5
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	5,057
Issuance of shares under ESPP		78			78
Issuance of shares under ESPP (in shares)	60,375
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			(122)		(122)
Net Income (Loss)				(17,859)	(17,859)
Balance at the end at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 28	435,041	(925)	(295,714)	138,430
Balance at the end (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	27,839,968
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		2,001			2,001
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			322		322
Net Income (Loss)				(14,301)	(14,301)
Balance at the end at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 28	437,042	(603)	(310,015)	126,452
Balance at the end (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	27,839,968
Balance at the beginning at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 28	439,097	(222)	(324,482)	$ 114,421
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	27,903,027				27,903,027
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		1,693			$ 1,693
Exercise of stock options		1			1
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	600
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			40		40
Net Income (Loss)				(17,107)	(17,107)
Balance at the end at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 28	440,791	(182)	(341,589)	99,048
Balance at the end (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	27,903,627
Balance at the beginning at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 28	439,097	(222)	(324,482)	$ 114,421
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	27,903,027				27,903,027
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Net Income (Loss)					$ (44,051)
Balance at the end at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 28	444,021	76	(368,533)	$ 75,592
Balance at the end (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	27,975,840				27,975,840
Balance at the beginning at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 28	440,791	(182)	(341,589)	$ 99,048
Balance at the beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	27,903,627
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		1,594			1,594
Exercise of stock options		22			22
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	13,985
Issuance of shares under ESPP		46			46
Issuance of shares under ESPP (in shares)	41,077
Issuance of shares at-the-market sales, net of expenses		39			39
Issuance of shares from at-the-market sales, net of expenses (in shares)	17,151
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			96		96
Net Income (Loss)				(15,404)	(15,404)
Balance at the end at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 28	442,492	(86)	(356,993)	85,441
Balance at the end (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	27,975,840
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Deficit
Stock based compensation		1,529			1,529
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax $0			162		162
Net Income (Loss)				(11,540)	(11,540)
Balance at the end at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 28	$ 444,021	$ 76	$ (368,533)	$ 75,592
Balance at the end (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	27,975,840				27,975,840

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, tax expense (benefit)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (44,051)	$ (48,256)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,191	2,860
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities	(947)	(432)
Stock-based compensation	4,816	6,204
Asset impairment	1,786
Noncash operating lease expense	422	426
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	811	38
Accounts payable	1,283	(1,668)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities	506	(907)
Lease liabilities	(561)	(485)
Other long-term liabilities	(92)	(84)
Net cash used in operating activities	(33,836)	(42,304)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	88,965	97,605
Purchases of marketable securities	(40,109)	(61,688)
Purchases of property and equipment	(508)	(807)
Net cash provided by investing activities	48,348	35,110
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from at-the-market sales	39
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	23	5
Proceeds from shares issued under ESPP	46	78
Net cash provided by financing activities	108	83
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	14,620	(7,111)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period	13,082	26,630
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	27,702	19,519
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$ 55	$ 62

Nature of the Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Nature of the Business

Nature of the Business

1. Nature of the Business

Organization

Liquidity

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Restructuring Charges

•

contract termination costs when the Company cancels a contract in accordance with its terms; and

•

costs to be incurred over the remaining contract term without economic benefit to the Company at the cease-use date.

Long-Lived Asset Impairment Assessments

Basis of Presentation

Unaudited Financial Information

Use of Estimates

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Annual Report were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Marketable Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

3. Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	39,586	$	72	$	(2)	$	39,656
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,944		6		—		7,950
Total	$	47,530	$	78	$	(2)	$	47,606


	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	73,334	$	36	$	(210)	$	73,160
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,105		5		(53)		22,057
Total	$	95,439	$	41	$	(263)	$	95,217

The following table summarizes maturities of the Company’s investments available-for-sale as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
			Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	40,992	$	41,042
Over 1 year		6,538		6,564
Total investments available-for-sale	$	47,530	$	47,606

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Measurements

Level 1—Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable, such as quoted market prices, interest rates and yield curves.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs developed using estimates of assumptions developed by the Company, which reflect those that a market participant would use.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	27,346	$	27,346	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		39,656		—		39,656		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,950		—		7,950		—
Total	$	74,952	$	27,346	$	47,606	$	—


	December 31, 2023
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	12,582	$	12,582	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		73,160		—		73,160		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,057		—		22,057		—
Total	$	107,799	$	12,582	$	95,217	$	—

The Company did not transfer any assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases

Leases

5. Leases




2024	$	284
2025		1,214
2026		1,355
2027		1,396
2028		1,438
Thereafter		1,857
Total future minimum payments	$	7,544
Less: present value discount		(1,424)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,120

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

6. Stock-Based Compensation

Employee Equity Plans

As of September 30, 2024, 1,221,931 shares were reserved for future grant under the 2019 Plan.

Stock options granted under the 2015 Plan and 2019 Plan (together, the “Plans”) to employees generally vest over four years and expire after ten years.

A summary of stock option activity for awards under the Plans is presented below:


	Options Outstanding and Exercisable
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average	Aggregate
		Average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Value⁽¹⁾
	Shares	Price		Life (Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,817,102	$	8.83	7.3	$	52
Granted	2,974,950	$	1.65	—		—
Exercised	(14,585)	$	1.55	—		—
Forfeitures	(885,459)	$	3.43	—		—
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	8,892,008	$	6.98	7.3		303
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024	4,844,594	$	10.82	6.0	$	101

(1)	The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the estimated fair value of the common stock for the options that were in the money at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.

compensation expense related to unvested options under the Plans that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.

The aggregate grant date fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $4.0 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense was classified on the statements of operations as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development	$	689	$	721	$	2,072	$	2,184
General and administrative		840		1,280		2,744		4,020
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,529	$	2,001	$	4,816	$	6,204


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Expected term	5.8	years	6.1	years
Expected volatility	83.3	%	81.4	%
Risk free interest rate	4.1	%	3.5 - 4.1	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%	—	%

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Collaboration Agreements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Collaboration Agreements

Collaboration Agreements

7. Collaboration Agreements

Collaboration Agreement with LigaChem Biosciences, Inc. (“LigaChem”), formerly known as LegoChem Biosciences

Restructuring and Asset Impairment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Restructuring and Asset Impairment

Restructuring and Asset Impairment

8. Restructuring and Asset Impairment

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

9. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The computation for basic and diluted loss per share were as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net loss (Numerator):
Net loss - basic and diluted	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Shares (Denominator):
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		27,975,840		27,839,968		27,950,634		27,814,655
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.41)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.58)	$	(1.73)


	September 30,
	2024		2023
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		8,892,008	6,913,348
Total		8,892,008	6,913,348

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (11,540)	$ (15,404)	$ (17,107)	$ (14,301)	$ (17,859)	$ (16,096)	$ (44,051)	$ (48,256)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Restructuring Charges

•

contract termination costs when the Company cancels a contract in accordance with its terms; and

•

costs to be incurred over the remaining contract term without economic benefit to the Company at the cease-use date.

Long-Lived Asset Impairment Assessments

Basis of Presentation and Unaudited Financial Information

Basis of Presentation

Unaudited Financial Information

Use of Estimates

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Annual Report were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Marketable Securities

Schedule of marketable securities

Marketable securities consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	39,586	$	72	$	(2)	$	39,656
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,944		6		—		7,950
Total	$	47,530	$	78	$	(2)	$	47,606


	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
(in thousands)	Cost		Gain		Loss		Fair Value
Corporate bonds	$	73,334	$	36	$	(210)	$	73,160
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,105		5		(53)		22,057
Total	$	95,439	$	41	$	(263)	$	95,217

Schedule of available-for-sale maturities

The following table summarizes maturities of the Company’s investments available-for-sale as of September 30, 2024:


	September 30, 2024
			Fair
(in thousands)	Cost		Value
Maturities:
Within 1 year	$	40,992	$	41,042
Over 1 year		6,538		6,564
Total investments available-for-sale	$	47,530	$	47,606

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Measurements

Summary of fair value of the Company's financial assets

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	27,346	$	27,346	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		39,656		—		39,656		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		7,950		—		7,950		—
Total	$	74,952	$	27,346	$	47,606	$	—


	December 31, 2023
					Significant
			Quoted Prices in		Other
			Active Markets or		Observable		Significant
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Unobservable
(in thousands)	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	12,582	$	12,582	$	—	$	—
Marketable securities:
Corporate bonds		73,160		—		73,160		—
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies		22,057		—		22,057		—
Total	$	107,799	$	12,582	$	95,217	$	—

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases




2024	$	284
2025		1,214
2026		1,355
2027		1,396
2028		1,438
Thereafter		1,857
Total future minimum payments	$	7,544
Less: present value discount		(1,424)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,120

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Stock-Based Compensation

Summary of stock option activity


	Options Outstanding and Exercisable
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average	Aggregate
		Average		Remaining	Intrinsic
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual	Value⁽¹⁾
	Shares	Price		Life (Years)	(in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,817,102	$	8.83	7.3	$	52
Granted	2,974,950	$	1.65	—		—
Exercised	(14,585)	$	1.55	—		—
Forfeitures	(885,459)	$	3.43	—		—
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	8,892,008	$	6.98	7.3		303
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024	4,844,594	$	10.82	6.0	$	101

(1)	The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the estimated fair value of the common stock for the options that were in the money at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024.

Summary of stock based compensation expense recorded


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development	$	689	$	721	$	2,072	$	2,184
General and administrative		840		1,280		2,744		4,020
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,529	$	2,001	$	4,816	$	6,204

Summary of assumptions used in the Black Scholes option pricing model for stock options granted


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2024		2023
Expected term	5.8	years	6.1	years
Expected volatility	83.3	%	81.4	%
Risk free interest rate	4.1	%	3.5 - 4.1	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%	—	%

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Summary of computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

The computation for basic and diluted loss per share were as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net loss (Numerator):
Net loss - basic and diluted	$	(11,540)	$	(14,301)	$	(44,051)	$	(48,256)
Shares (Denominator):
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		27,975,840		27,839,968		27,950,634		27,814,655
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.41)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.58)	$	(1.73)

Summary of shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share


	September 30,
	2024		2023
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		8,892,008	6,913,348
Total		8,892,008	6,913,348

Nature of the Business - Liquidity (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Nature of the Business
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$ 75.3

Marketable Securities - (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Marketable Securities - (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments
Amortized Cost	$ 47,530,000		$ 47,530,000		$ 95,439,000
Gross Unrealized Gain	78,000		78,000		41,000
Gross Unrealized Loss	(2,000)		(2,000)		(263,000)
Estimated Fair Value	47,606,000		47,606,000		95,217,000
Unrealized losses in a continuous loss position for more than twelve consecutive months	0		0
Gross realized gains	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Fair market value of investments in unrealized loss position	6,600,000		6,600,000
Accrued interest receivable	$ 300,000		$ 300,000		$ 800,000
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current		Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current		Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current
Cost Maturities:
Within 1 year	$ 40,992,000		$ 40,992,000
Over 1 year	6,538,000		6,538,000
Total investments available for sale	47,530,000		47,530,000
Fair Value Maturities:
Within 1 year	41,042,000		41,042,000
Over 1 year	6,564,000		6,564,000
Total investments available for sale	47,606,000		47,606,000
Corporate bonds
Investments
Amortized Cost	39,586,000		39,586,000		$ 73,334,000
Gross Unrealized Gain	72,000		72,000		36,000
Gross Unrealized Loss	(2,000)		(2,000)		(210,000)
Estimated Fair Value	39,656,000		39,656,000		73,160,000
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies
Investments
Amortized Cost	7,944,000		7,944,000		22,105,000
Gross Unrealized Gain	6,000		6,000		5,000
Gross Unrealized Loss					(53,000)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 7,950,000		$ 7,950,000		$ 22,057,000

Fair Value Measurements - (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements - (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	$ 47,606,000	$ 95,217,000
Assets transferred into level 3	0
Assets transferred out of level 3	0
Corporate bonds
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	39,656,000	73,160,000
U.S. Treasury and Government agencies
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	7,950,000	22,057,000
Fair Value
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Total financial assets	74,952,000	107,799,000
Fair Value \| Money market funds (cash equivalents)
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	27,346,000	12,582,000
Fair Value \| Corporate bonds
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	39,656,000	73,160,000
Fair Value \| U.S. Government agencies
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities		22,057,000
Fair Value \| U.S. Treasury and Government agencies
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	7,950,000
Fair Value \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Total financial assets	27,346,000	12,582,000
Fair Value \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) \| Money market funds (cash equivalents)
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	27,346,000	12,582,000
Fair Value \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Total financial assets	47,606,000	95,217,000
Fair Value \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Corporate bonds
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	39,656,000	73,160,000
Fair Value \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| U.S. Government agencies
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities		$ 22,057,000
Fair Value \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| U.S. Treasury and Government agencies
Fair value of the Company's financial assets
Marketable Securities	$ 7,950,000

Leases - Other Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Other Information (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases
Lease extension period	5 years		5 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Existence of Option to Extend [true false]			true
Operating lease expense	$ 253,000	$ 272,000	$ 779,000	$ 816,000
Operating cash flows used for operating leases			$ 843,000	$ 757,000
Weighted=average remaining lease term	5 years 6 months		5 years 6 months
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent)	7.47%		7.47%

Leases - Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Future minimum lease payments
2024	$ 284
2025	1,214
2026	1,355
2027	1,396
2028	1,438
Thereafter	1,857
Total future minimum payments	7,544
Less: present value discount	(1,424)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 6,120

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended	65 Months Ended
	May 03, 2019	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024
2015 Plan
Number of Shares
Outstanding at the beginning (in shares)		6,817,102
Granted (in shares)		2,974,950
Exercised (in shares)		(14,585)
Forfeitures (in shares)		(885,459)
Outstanding at the end (in shares)		8,892,008		6,817,102	8,892,008
Exercisable at the end (in shares)		4,844,594			4,844,594
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars per share)		$ 8.83
Granted (in dollars per share)		1.65
Exercised (in dollars per share)		1.55
Forfeited (in dollars per share)		3.43
Outstanding at the end (in dollars per share)		6.98		$ 8.83	$ 6.98
Exercisable at the end (in dollars per share)		$ 10.82			$ 10.82
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) And Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding (in years)		7 years 3 months 18 days		7 years 3 months 18 days
Exercisable at the end (in years)		6 years
Outstanding at the beginning (in dollars)		$ 52
Outstanding at the end (in dollars)		303		$ 52	$ 303
Exercisable at the end (in dollars)		$ 101			101
Weighted average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted		$ 1.19
Aggregate grant date fair value		$ 4,000	$ 7,200
Share Based Compensation Expense Not Recognized
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 5,400			$ 5,400
Compensation expense recognition period		1 year 7 months 6 days
Omnibus Incentive Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Total number of shares of common stock that may be issued		2,900,000			2,900,000
Annual increase in number of share reserved for issuance (as percent)	4.00%
2015 Plan and 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Vesting period		4 years
Expiration period		10 years
Number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan		1,221,931			1,221,931
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Number of shares issued					214,094
Number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan		855,616			855,616

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,529	$ 2,001	$ 4,816	$ 6,204
Research and development
Stock based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	689	721	2,072	2,184
General and administrative
Stock based compensation expense
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 840	$ 1,280	$ 2,744	$ 4,020

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair value assumptions
Expected term	5 years 9 months 18 days
Expected volatility	83.30%	81.40%
Risk free interest rate	4.10%
Minimum
Fair value assumptions
Expected term		6 years 1 month 6 days
Risk free interest rate		3.50%
Maximum
Fair value assumptions
Risk free interest rate		4.10%

Collaboration Agreements (Details) - Research Collaboration and Co-Development Agreement $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2022 item	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Collaboration Agreements
Collaboration agreements cost sharing percentage (as a percent)		50.00%		50.00%
LigaChem Biosciences
Collaboration Agreements
Maximum number of antibody drug conjugates to be developed \| item	3
Collaboration agreements cost sharing percentage (as a percent)	50.00%
Collaboration arrangement reduction in expenses		$ 0.3	$ 1.6	$ 1.7
Additional receivable on collaboration agreements, finalization of cost sharing		$ 0.5		$ 0.5

Restructuring and Asset Impairment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 19, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Asset Impairment
Asset impairment		$ 1,800	$ 1,786
Cost Reduction Plan
Restructuring and Asset Impairment
Percent of workforce reduction	37.00%
Severance costs			$ 800

Restructuring and Asset Impairment - Activity for accrued severance costs (Details) - Employee severance - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Activity for accrued severance costs
Cash payments	$ (0.8)
Severance accrual		$ 0.0

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Other (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income loss (Numerator):
Net loss - basic and diluted	$ (11,540)	$ (15,404)	$ (17,107)	$ (14,301)	$ (17,859)	$ (16,096)	$ (44,051)	$ (48,256)
Shares (Denominator):
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS (in shares)	27,975,840			27,839,968			27,950,634	27,814,655
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS (in shares)	27,975,840			27,839,968			27,950,634	27,814,655
Basic EPS (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)			$ (0.51)			$ (1.58)	$ (1.73)
Diluted EPS (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)			$ (0.51)			$ (1.58)	$ (1.73)

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Anti-dilutive effect (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	8,892,008	6,913,348
Employee Stock Option
Antidilutive Securities
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	8,892,008	6,913,348

Income Taxes - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Income Taxes - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Taxes
Provision or benefit from income taxes	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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