false 0001823575 --01-31 0001823575 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 0001823575 zfoxw:CommonStock0.0001ParValuePerShare2Member 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 0001823575 zfoxw:WarrantsEachWholeWarrantExercisableForOneShareOfCommonStockAtAnExercisePriceOf11.50PerShare1Member 2024-05-13 2024-05-13

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 13, 2024

 

 

ZEROFOX HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   001-39722   98-1557361

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

 

1834 S. Charles Street

Baltimore, Maryland

  21230
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (855) 936-9369

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Trading
Symbol(s)

 

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share   ZFOX   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share   ZFOXW   The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

 

 

 


Introductory Note

On May 13, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of February 6, 2024, by and among ZeroFox Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), ZI Intermediate II, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”) and HI Optimus Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), Merger Sub merged with and into the Company with the Company surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (the “Merger”). Parent and Merger Sub are each affiliated with Haveli Investments Software Fund I, L.P. and Haveli Investments Software Fund I Cayman L.P., funds managed by Haveli Investments L.P., a private equity firm focused on the software and technology-enabled services sectors.

 

Item 1.01

Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

Credit Agreement

On May 13, 2024, in connection with the Merger, ZI Intermediate I, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), Parent, entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC, as the administrative agent, the collateral agent, and the letter of credit issuer, and certain lenders party thereto.

The Credit Agreement provides for extensions of credit in the form of (i) initial term loans to Parent in an aggregate principal amount of $120,000,000 (the “Initial Term Loan”) and (ii) revolving credit loans made available to the Parent at any time and from time to time (prior to the sixth anniversary of the Closing Date, or if such date is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding not in excess of $10,000,000 (including letters of credit outstanding at the time) . The proceeds of the Initial Term Loan were used on the closing date under the Credit Agreement to, among other things, finance the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, refinance certain existing indebtedness of the Company and pay related fees and expenses.

The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, covenants (including financial covenants) and events of default customary for agreements of this type.

 

Item 1.02

Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.02.

As previously disclosed in Current Reports on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 6, 2024, February 22, 2024 and March 6, 2024, the Company entered into note repurchase agreements (collectively, the “Note Repurchase Agreements”) with the beneficial owners (collectively, the “Noteholders”) of the Company’s 7.00%/8.75% Convertible Senior Cash/PIK Toggle Notes (the “Notes”) issued under the Indenture, dated August 3, 2022, by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, pursuant to which the Noteholders agreed to sell and the Company agreed to repurchase substantially concurrently with the closing of the Merger the aggregate principal amount of the Notes beneficial owned by the Noteholders and any additional Notes subsequently acquired by the Noteholders at an aggregate purchase price equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Notes repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Concurrently with the closing of the Merger, in accordance with the terms of the Note Repurchase Agreements, the Company repurchased approximately $174.4 million aggregate payoff amount of Notes (including accrued and unpaid interest through the closing date under the Credit Agreement) from the Noteholders, constituting payment in full and cancellation of the Notes.

Concurrently with the closing of the Merger, the Company terminated that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated January 7, 2021, as amended or supplemented from time to time, by and among the Company, the other loan parties thereto and Stifel Bank and concurrently repaid all advances and other obligations outstanding thereunder.

 

2


Item 2.01

Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

Common Stock

At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Company Common Stock”) that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than (i) shares of Company Common Stock owned immediately prior to the Effective Time by Parent, Merger Sub or the Company or any of their subsidiaries, (ii) shares of Company Common Stock as to which appraisal rights have been properly exercised and validly perfected in accordance with Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and (iii) 1,293,750 shares of Company Common Stock subject to vesting conditions that were cancelled without payment of consideration therefor) was cancelled and automatically converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to $1.14 per share (the “Merger Consideration”), without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes.

Company Options

At the Effective Time, each option to purchase shares of Company Common Stock (each, a “Company Option”) that was vested in accordance with its terms as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was automatically deemed exercised on a cashless basis and exchanged for the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) the excess, if any, of (A) the Merger Consideration over (B) the per-share exercise price for such vested Company Option, by (y) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock underlying such vested Company Option. Each vested Company Option with a per-share exercise price that was equal to or greater than the Merger Consideration, as of the Effective Time was canceled for no consideration.

Each Company Option that was unvested and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was automatically converted into the contingent right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) the excess, if any, of (A) the Merger Consideration over (B) the per-share exercise price for such unvested Company Option, by (y) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock underlying such unvested Company Option. Such resulting amount will vest and become payable at the same time that the unvested Company Option from which such resulting amount was converted would have vested pursuant to its terms, and will otherwise remain subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable to such Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time. Any unvested Company Option with a per-share exercise price that was equal to or greater than the Merger Consideration, as of the Effective Time was canceled for no consideration.

Company RSUs

Each restricted stock unit award in respect of shares of Company Common Stock (each, a “Company RSU”) that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time and that was either held by a non-employee member of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or vested in accordance with its terms as of the Effective Time was automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock underlying the Company RSU by (y) the Merger Consideration.

Each Company RSU that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time and that was either not held by a non-employee member of the Board or unvested as of the Effective Time was automatically converted into the contingent right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and subject to applicable withholding taxes, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock underlying such Company RSU, by (y) the Merger Consideration. Such resulting amount will vest and become payable at the same time that the unvested Company RSU from which such resulting amount was converted would have vested pursuant to its terms, and will otherwise remain subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable to such Company RSU immediately prior to the Effective Time.

 

3


Treatment of Warrants

At the Effective Time, in accordance with the terms of that certain warrant agreement governing an aggregate of 16,213,419 warrants to purchase shares of Company Common Stock comprised of (i) publicly held warrants (the “Company Public Warrants”) and (ii) privately-issued warrants (the “Company Private Warrants” and, together with the Company Public Warrants, the “Company Warrants”), each Company Warrant that was unexercised and outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, ceased to represent the right to purchase shares of Company Common Stock and became a right by the holder thereof upon any subsequent exercise, to receive the Merger Consideration in respect of each share of Company Common Stock for which such Company Warrant was exercisable immediately prior to the Effective Time. The exercise price for the holder of any such Company Warrant that properly exercises such Company Warrant within 30 days following May 13, 2024 will be reduced as provided for in the warrant agreement governing the Company Warrants. Such reduced exercise price will be the amount of the Merger Consideration minus the Black-Scholes value of a Company Warrant computed in accordance with the warrant agreement.

At the Effective Time, in accordance with the terms of that certain warrant to purchase Company Common Stock governing an aggregate of 128,676 warrants to purchase shares of Company Common Stock (“Company Stifel Warrants”), each Company Stifel Warrant automatically terminated and was cancelled and extinguished for no consideration.

The description of the Merger and the Merger Agreement contained in this Item 2.01 does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on February 6, 2024, and is incorporated by reference herein.

 

Item 2.03

Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in Item 1.01 of this Current Report is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.03.

 

Item 3.01

Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note and under Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.01.

On May 13, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, the Company notified The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC that the Merger had been consummated and requested that The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC file with the SEC a Notification of Removal from Listing and/or Registration on Form 25 to delist the Company Common Stock and the Company Public Warrants from The Nasdaq Global Market and The Nasdaq Capital Market, respectively, and to deregister the Company Common Stock and the Company Public Warrants under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Upon effectiveness of the Form 25, the Company intends to file with the SEC a Certification and Notice of Termination on Form 15 requesting the termination of registration of the Company Common Stock under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and the suspension of reporting obligations under Section 13 and Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Trading of the Company Common Stock and the Company Public Warrants on The Nasdaq Global Market and The Nasdaq Capital Market, respectively, was halted prior to the opening of trading on May 13, 2024.

 

Item 3.03

Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note and under Items 2.01, 3.01, 5.01 and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.

As a result of the Merger, each share of Company Common Stock that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (except as described in Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K) was automatically converted, at the Effective Time, into the right to receive the Merger Consideration. Accordingly, at the Effective Time, the holders of such shares of Company Common Stock ceased to have any rights as stockholders of the Company, other than the right to receive the Merger Consideration.

 

4


Additionally, as a result of the Merger, each holder of a Company Warrant will have the right upon any subsequent exercise, to receive the Merger Consideration in respect of each share of Company Common Stock for which such Company Warrant was exercisable immediately prior to the Effective Time. The exercise price for the holder of any such Company Warrant that properly exercises such Company Warrant within 30 days following May 13, 2024 will be reduced as provided for in the warrant agreement governing the Company Warrants. Such reduced exercise price will be the amount of the Merger Consideration minus the Black-Scholes value of a Company Warrant computed in accordance with the warrant agreement.

 

Item 5.01

Change in Control of Registrant.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note and under Items 2.01, 3.03 and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.01.

As a result of the Merger, at the Effective Time, a change of control of the Company occurred, and the Company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent. The total equity value of the transaction was approximately $162.1 million. Parent funded the Merger with debt and equity financing.

 

Item 5.02

Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note and Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.02.

As a result of the Merger, at the Effective Time, James C. Foster, Adam Gerchen, Todd P. Headley, Paul Hooper, Thomas F. Kelly, Samskriti King, Teresa H. Shea, and Barbara Stewart each resigned from the Board and from any and all committees of the Board on which they served and ceased to be directors of the Company. At the Effective Time, in accordance with the Merger Agreement, Brian Sheth and Ian Loring, the directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time, were appointed as directors of the Company. Immediately following the Effective Time, Brian Sheth and Ian Loring ceased to be directors of the Company and James C. Foster and Kevin T. Reardon were appointed as the directors of the Company.

 

Item 5.03

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

The information contained in the disclosure set forth in the Introductory Note and Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement, upon the Effective Time, the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws were amended and restated in their entirety. A copy of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Amended and Restated Bylaws is filed as Exhibit 3.1 and 3.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 8.01

Other Events

On May 13, 2024, the Company issued a press release announcing the completion of the Merger. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

5


Item 9.01

Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

 

Exhibit
No.
  

Description of Exhibit

 2.1*    Agreement and Plan of Merger, by and among ZeroFox Holdings, Inc., ZI Intermediate II, Inc., and HI Optimus Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2024)
 3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, effective May 13, 2024
 3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, effective May 13, 2024
99.1    Press Release, dated May 13, 2024
104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

 

*

Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted schedules to the SEC upon its request.

 

6


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

      ZEROFOX HOLDINGS, INC.
Date: May 13, 2024     By:  

/s/ Timothy S. Bender

    Name:   Timothy S. Bender
    Title:   Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

ZEROFOX HOLDINGS, INC.

1. Name. The name of this corporation is ZeroFox Holdings, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

2. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is located at c/o The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware, 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

3. Purpose. The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

4. Stock. The total number of shares of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is one hundred (100) shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”). Each share of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote.

5. Change in Number of Shares Authorized. Except as otherwise provided in the provisions establishing a class of stock, the number of authorized shares of any class or series of stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the Corporation entitled to vote irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.

6. Election of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”). The size of the Board of Directors shall be determined as set forth in the bylaws of the Corporation, as in effect from time to time (the “Bylaws”). The election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws shall so require.

7. Authority of Directors. In furtherance and not in limitation of the power conferred upon the Board of Directors by law, the Board of Directors shall have power to make, adopt, alter, amend and repeal from time to time the Bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the right of the stockholders entitled to vote with respect thereto to alter and repeal Bylaws made by the Board of Directors.

8. Liability of Directors. A director of the Corporation shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent that exculpation from liability is not permitted under the DGCL as in effect at the time such liability is determined. No amendment or repeal of this paragraph 8 shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.


9. Indemnification.

(a) The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the law of the State of Delaware, indemnify any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or claim, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, (i) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans or (ii) in such person’s capacity as an officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or in such person’s capacity as an officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, that such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation (each such person described in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), a “Covered Person”), against expenses (including attorney’s fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement incurred (and not otherwise recovered) in connection with the investigation, preparation to defend or defense of such action, suit, proceeding or claim; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not require the Corporation to indemnify any person in connection with any action, suit, proceeding, claim or counterclaim initiated by or on behalf of such person other than an action authorized by the Board of Directors. Such indemnification shall not be exclusive of other indemnification rights arising under any bylaw, agreement, vote of directors or stockholders or otherwise and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of such person. Any person seeking indemnification under this paragraph 9 shall be deemed to have met the standard of conduct required for such indemnification unless the contrary shall be established. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this paragraph 9 shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Covered Person with respect to any acts or omissions of such Covered Person occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

(b) The Corporation shall pay on a current and as-incurred basis expenses incurred by any Covered Person in defending or otherwise participating in any action, suit, proceeding or claim in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, proceeding or claim, including appeals, upon presentation of (i) an unsecured written undertaking to repay such amounts if it is ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to indemnification hereunder and (ii) adequate documentation reflecting such expenses.

(c) It is the intent that with respect to all advancement and indemnification obligations under this paragraph 9, the Corporation shall be the primary source of advancement, reimbursement and indemnification relative to any direct or indirect stockholder of the Corporation (or any affiliate of such stockholder, other than the Corporation or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries). The Corporation shall have no right to seek contribution, indemnity or other reimbursement for any of its obligations under this paragraph 9 from any such direct or indirect stockholder of the Corporation (or any affiliate of such stockholder, other than the Corporation or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries).


(d) The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain, at its expense, insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any expense, liability or loss asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL or the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation.

10. To the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the law of the State of Delaware, the Corporation renounces any interest or expectancy of the Corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, business opportunities that are from time to time presented to its officers, directors or stockholders, other than those officers, directors or stockholders who are employees of the Corporation. No amendment or repeal of this paragraph shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any officer, director or stockholder of the Corporation for or with respect to any opportunities of which such officer, director or stockholder becomes aware prior to such amendment or repeal. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any Person purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this paragraph. As used herein, “Person” shall mean any individual, corporation, general or limited partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust association or any other entity.

11. The books of the Corporation may (subject to any statutory requirements) be kept outside the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors or in the Bylaws.

12. If at any time the Corporation shall have a class of stock registered pursuant to the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for so long as such class is so registered, any action by the stockholders of such class must be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent.

13. The Corporation shall not be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

EXHIBIT 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

OF

ZEROFOX HOLDINGS, INC.

Section 1. LAW, CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS

1.1. These by-laws are subject to the certificate of incorporation of the corporation and any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party. In these by-laws, references to law, the certificate of incorporation and by-laws mean the law, the provisions of the certificate of incorporation and the by-laws as from time to time in effect.

Section 2. STOCKHOLDERS

2.1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of other business shall be held on such date and at such place as may be designated by the board of directors. At each annual meeting the stockholders entitled to vote shall elect a board of directors and may transact such other proper business as may come before the meeting.

2.2. Special Meetings. A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, if any, the president or the board of directors. A special meeting of the stockholders shall be called by the secretary, or in the case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of the secretary, by an assistant secretary or some other officer, upon application of a majority of the directors. Any such application shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Any such call shall state the place, date, hour and purposes of the meeting.

2.3. Place of Meeting. All meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be determined from time to time by the chairman of the board, if any, the president or the board of directors. Any adjourned session of any meeting of the stockholders shall be held at the place designated in the vote of adjournment.

2.4. Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, a written notice of each meeting of stockholders stating the place, day and hour thereof and, in the case of a special meeting, the purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not less then ten nor more than sixty days before the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, and to each stockholder who, by law, by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws, is entitled to notice, by leaving such notice with him or at his residence or usual place of business, or by depositing it in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to such stockholder at his address as it appears in the records of the corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). Such notice shall be given by the


secretary, or by an officer or person designated by the board of directors, or in the case of a special meeting by the officer calling the meeting. As to any adjourned session of any meeting of stockholders, notice of the adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken except that if the adjournment is for more than thirty days or if after the adjournment a new record date is set for the adjourned session, notice of any such adjourned session of the meeting shall be given in the manner heretofore described. No notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjourned session thereof need be given to a stockholder if a written waiver of notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by such stockholder, given before or after the meeting or such adjourned session by such stockholder, is filed with the records of the meeting or if the stockholder attends such meeting without objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the stockholders or any adjourned session thereof need be specified in any written waiver of notice.

2.5. Quorum of Stockholders. At any meeting of the stockholders a quorum as to any matter shall consist of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except where a larger quorum is required by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present. If a quorum is present at an original meeting, a quorum need not be present at an adjourned session of that meeting. Shares of its own stock belonging to the corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of any corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary capacity.

2.6. Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a plurality of the votes properly cast for election to any office shall elect to such office and a majority of the votes properly cast upon any question other than an election to an office shall decide the question, except when a larger vote is required by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party. No ballot shall be required for any election unless requested by a stockholder present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election.

2.7. Action without Meetings. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by stockholders for or in connection with any corporate action may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware by hand or certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Each such written consent shall

 

-2-


bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent. No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless written consents signed by a number of stockholders sufficient to take such action are delivered to the corporation in the manner specified in this paragraph within sixty days of the earliest dated consent so delivered.

If action is taken by consent of stockholders and in accordance with the foregoing, there shall be filed with the records of the meetings of stockholders the writing or writings comprising such consent.

If action is taken by less than unanimous consent of stockholders, prompt notice of the taking of such action without a meeting shall be given to those who have not consented in writing and a certificate signed and attested to by the secretary that such notice was given shall be filed with the records of the meetings of stockholders.

In the event that the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL, if such action had been voted upon by the stockholders at a meeting thereof, the certificate filed under such provision shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such provision concerning a vote of stockholders, that written consent has been given under Section 228 of said DGCL and that written notice has been given as provided in such Section 228.

2.8. Proxy Representation. Every stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy in all matters in which a stockholder is entitled to participate, whether by waiving notice of any meeting, objecting to or voting or participating at a meeting, or expressing consent or dissent without a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or by his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and, if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the corporation generally. The authorization of a proxy may but need not be limited to specified action, provided, however, that if a proxy limits its authorization to a meeting or meetings of stockholders, unless otherwise specifically provided such proxy shall entitle the holder thereof to vote at any adjourned session but shall not be valid after the final adjournment thereof.

2.9. Inspectors. The directors or the person presiding at the meeting may, and shall if required by applicable law, appoint one or more inspectors of election and any substitute inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares of stock outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares of stock represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the person presiding at the meeting, the inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge, question or matter determined by them and execute a certificate of any fact found by them.

 

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2.10. List of Stockholders. The secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in his name. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are stockholders entitled to examine such list or to vote in person or by proxy at such meeting.

Section 3. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

3.1. Number. The corporation shall have one or more directors, the number of directors to be determined from time to time by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Except in connection with the election of directors at the annual meeting of stockholders, the number of directors may be decreased only to eliminate vacancies by reason of death, resignation or removal of one or more directors. No director need be a stockholder.

3.2. Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws, each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified.

3.3. Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors who shall have and may exercise all the powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the certificate of incorporation, these by-laws or any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party, directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

3.4. Vacancies. Vacancies and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors may be filled by vote of the holders of the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such director at a meeting called for the purpose, or by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, in each case elected by the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such directors, subject to any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party. When one or more directors shall resign from the board, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have resigned, who were elected by the particular class or series of stock entitled to elect such resigning director or directors shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote or action by writing thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective. The directors shall have and may exercise all their powers notwithstanding the existence of one or more vacancies in their number, subject to any requirements of law or of the certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws as to the number of directors required for a quorum or for any vote or other actions.

 

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3.5. Committees. The board of directors may, by vote of a majority of the whole board, (a) designate, change the membership of or terminate the existence of any committee or committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors; (b) designate one or more directors as alternate members of any such committee who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee; and (c) determine the extent to which each such committee shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, including the power to authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which require it and the power and authority to declare dividends or to authorize the issuance of stock; excepting, however, such powers which by law, by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws they are prohibited from so delegating. In the absence or disqualification of any member of such committee and his alternate, if any, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Except as the board of directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the board or such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as may be in the same manner as is provided by these by-laws for the conduct of business by the board of directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors upon request.

3.6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without call or notice at such places within or without the State of Delaware and at such times as the board may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent directors. A regular meeting of the directors may be held without call or notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

3.7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of directors may be held at any time and at any place within or without the State of Delaware designated in the notice of the meeting, when called by the chairman of the board, if any, the president, or by one-third or more in number of the directors, reasonable notice thereof being given to each director by the secretary or by the chairman of the board, if any, the president or any one of the directors calling the meeting.

3.8. Notice. It shall be reasonable and sufficient notice to a director to send notice by mail at least forty-eight hours or by telegram at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to him at his usual or last known business or residence address, by electronic communication or facsimile transmission at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to him at his usual e-mail address or fax number or to give notice to him in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director if a written waiver of notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by such director, given by him before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any director who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting.

 

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3.9. Quorum. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party, at any meeting of the directors a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum; a quorum shall not in any case be less than one-third of the total number of directors constituting the whole board. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

3.10. Action by Vote. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party, when a quorum is present at any meeting the vote of a majority of the directors present shall be the act of the board of directors.

3.11. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or a committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the records of the meetings of the board or of such committee. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as the act of the board or of such committee, as the case may be.

3.12. Participation in Meetings by Conference Telephone. Members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by such board, may participate in a meeting of such board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other or by any other means permitted by law. Such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

3.13. Compensation. In the discretion of the board of directors, each director may be paid such fees for his services as director and be reimbursed for his reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of his duties as director as the board of directors from time to time may determine. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving reasonable compensation therefor.

3.14. Interested Directors and Officers.

(a) No contract or transaction between the corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of the corporation’s directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if:

(1) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the board of directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or

 

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(2) The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or

(3) The contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors, a committee thereof, or the stockholders.

(b) Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

Section 4. OFFICERS AND AGENTS

4.1. Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary and such other officers, if any, as the board of directors from time to time may in its discretion elect or appoint including without limitation a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents and a controller. The corporation may also have such agents, if any, as the board of directors from time to time may in its discretion choose. Any officer may be but none need be a director or stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Any officer may be required by the board of directors to secure the faithful performance of his duties to the corporation by giving bond in such amount and with sureties or otherwise as the board of directors may determine.

4.2. Powers. Subject to law, to the certificate of incorporation, to any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party and to the other provisions of these by-laws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to his office and such additional duties and powers as the board of directors may from time to time designate.

4.3. Election. The officers may be elected by the board of directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of the stockholders or at any other time. At any time or from time to time the directors may delegate to any officer their power to elect or appoint any other officer or any agents.

4.4. Tenure. Each officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the board of directors following the next annual meeting of the stockholders and until his respective successor is chosen and qualified unless a shorter period shall have been specified by the terms of his election or appointment, or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each agent shall retain his authority at the pleasure of the directors, or the officer by whom he was appointed or by the officer who then holds agent appointive power.

 

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4.5. Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Vice President. The chairman of the board, if any, shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors. Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the chairman of the board, or if there is none the chief executive officer, shall preside, or designate the person who shall preside, at all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors.

Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the president shall be the chief executive officer and shall have direct charge of all business operations of the corporation and, subject to the control of the directors, shall have general charge and supervision of the business of the corporation.

Any vice presidents shall have such duties and powers as shall be set forth in these by-laws or as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors or by the president.

4.6. Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. Unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the corporation and shall be in charge of its funds and valuable papers, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or by the president. If no controller is elected, the treasurer shall, unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, also have the duties and powers of the controller.

Any assistant treasurers shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the treasurer.

4.7. Controller and Assistant Controllers. If a controller is elected, he shall, unless the board of directors otherwise specifies, be the chief accounting officer of the corporation and be in charge of its books of account and accounting records, and of its accounting procedures. He shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the treasurer.

Any assistant controller shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president, the treasurer or the controller.

4.8. Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The secretary shall record all proceedings of the stockholders, of the board of directors and of committees of the board of directors in a book or series of books to be kept therefor and shall file therein all actions by written consent of stockholders or directors. In the absence of the secretary from any meeting, an assistant secretary, or if there be none or he is absent, a temporary secretary chosen at the meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof. Unless a transfer agent has been appointed the secretary shall keep or cause to be kept the stock and transfer records of the corporation, which shall contain the names and record addresses of all stockholders and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. He shall have such other duties and powers as may from time to time be designated by the board of directors or the president.

Any assistant secretaries shall have such duties and powers as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors, the president or the secretary.

 

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Section 5. RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVALS

5.1. Any director or officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the chairman of the board, if any, the president, or the secretary or to a meeting of the board of directors. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time, and without in either case the necessity of its being accepted unless the resignation shall so state. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party, a director (including persons elected by stockholders or directors to fill vacancies in the board) may be removed from office with or without cause by the vote of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of the particular class or series entitled to vote in the election of such directors. The board of directors may at any time remove any officer either with or without cause. The board of directors may at any time terminate or modify the authority of any agent.

Section 6. VACANCIES

6.1. If the office of the president or the treasurer or the secretary becomes vacant, the directors may elect a successor by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. If the office of any other officer becomes vacant, any person or body empowered to elect or appoint that officer may choose a successor. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term, and in the case of the president, the treasurer and the secretary until his successor is chosen and qualified or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Any vacancy of a directorship shall be filled as specified in Section 3.4 of these by-laws.

Section 7. CAPITAL STOCK

7.1. Stock Certificates. Each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number and the class and the designation of the series, if any, of the shares held by him, in such form as shall, in conformity to law, the certificate of incorporation and the by-laws, be prescribed from time to time by the board of directors; provided, however, that the board of directors may provide by one or more resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the corporation’s stock will be uncertificated shares. Such certificate shall be signed by the chairman or vice chairman of the board, if any, or the president or a vice president and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or by the secretary or an assistant secretary. Any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case an officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the time of its issue.

7.2. Loss of Certificates. In the case of the alleged theft, loss, destruction or mutilation of a certificate of stock, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof, upon such terms, including receipt of a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim on account thereof, as the board of directors may prescribe.

 

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Section 8. TRANSFER OF SHARES OF STOCK

8.1. Transfer on Books. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificate, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment and power of attorney properly executed, with necessary transfer stamps affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the board of directors or the transfer agent of the corporation may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the certificate of incorporation, by these by-laws or by any stockholders agreement then in effect to which the corporation is a party, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote or to give any consent with respect thereto and to be held liable for such calls and assessments, if any, as may lawfully be made thereon, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been properly transferred on the books of the corporation.

It shall be the duty of each stockholder to notify the corporation of his post office address.

8.2. Record Date. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If no such record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. If no such record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by the DGCL, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware by hand or certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by the DGCL, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

 

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In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such payment, exercise or other action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 9. CORPORATE SEAL

9.1. Subject to alteration by the directors, the seal of the corporation shall consist of a flat-faced circular die with the word “Delaware” and the name of the corporation cut or engraved thereon, together with such other words, dates or images as may be approved from time to time by the directors.

Section 10. INDEMNIFICATION

10.1. Subject to the other provisions of this Section 10, the corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the corporation serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful.

10.2. Subject to the other provisions of this Section 10, the corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the corporation serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith

 

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and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

10.3. To the extent that a present or former director or officer (for purposes of this Section 10.3 only, as such term is defined in Section 145(c)(1) of the DGCL) of the corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding described in Section 10.1 or Section 10.2, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith. The corporation may indemnify any other person who is not a present or former director or officer (as such term is defined in Section 145(c)(1) of the DGCL) of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person to the extent he or she has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding described in Section 10.1 or Section 10.2, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein.

10.4. Subject to the other provisions of this Section 10, the corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees and agents, or any other persons, to the extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law. The board of directors shall have the power to delegate to any person or persons identified in subsections (1) through (4) of Section 145(d) of the DGCL the determination of whether employees or agents shall be indemnified.

10.5. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by an officer or director of the corporation in defending any Proceeding shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding upon receipt of a written request therefor (together with documentation reasonably evidencing such expenses) and an undertaking by or on behalf of the person to repay such amounts if it shall ultimately be determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 10 or the DGCL. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by current or former directors and officers or other current or former employees and agents of the corporation or by persons currently or formerly serving at the request of the corporation as directors, officers, employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the corporation deems appropriate. The right to advancement of expenses shall not apply to any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) for which indemnity is excluded pursuant to these bylaws, but shall apply to any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) referenced in Section 10.6(b) or 10.6(c) prior to a determination that the person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

 

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10.6. Subject to the requirements in Section 10.3 and the DGCL, the corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any person pursuant to this Section 10 in connection with any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding):

(a) for which payment has actually been received by or on behalf of such person under any statute, insurance policy, contract, agreement or other indemnity or advancement provision, vote or otherwise, except with respect to any excess beyond the amount actually received under any statute, insurance policy, contract, agreement, other indemnity or advancement provision, vote or otherwise;

(b) for an accounting or disgorgement of profits pursuant to Section 16(b) of the 1934 Act, or similar provisions of federal, state or local statutory law or common law, if such person is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements);

(c) for any reimbursement of the corporation by such person of any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation or of any profits realized by such person from the sale of securities of the corporation, as required in each case under the 1934 Act (including any such reimbursements that arise from an accounting restatement of the corporation pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), or the payment to the corporation of profits arising from the purchase and sale by such person of securities in violation of Section 306 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act), if such person is held liable therefor (including pursuant to any settlement arrangements);

(d) initiated by such person, including any Proceeding (or any part of any Proceeding) initiated by such person against the corporation or its directors, officers, employees, agents or other indemnitees, unless (i) the board of directors authorized the Proceeding (or the relevant part of the Proceeding) prior to its initiation, (ii) the corporation provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under applicable law, (iii) otherwise required to be made under Section 10.7 or (iv) otherwise required by applicable law; or

(e) if prohibited by applicable law.

10.7. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Section 10 is not paid in full within 30 days after receipt by the corporation of the written request therefor, the claimant shall be entitled to an adjudication by a court of competent jurisdiction of his or her entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of expenses. The corporation shall indemnify such person against any and all expenses that are actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any action brought in accordance with this Section 10.7 for indemnification or advancement of expenses from the corporation under this Section 10, to the extent such person is successful in such action, and to the extent not prohibited by law. In any such suit, the corporation shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, have the burden of proving that the claimant is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses.

10.8. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 10 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the certificate of incorporation or any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advancement of expenses, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law.

 

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10.9. The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

10.10. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Section 10 shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

10.11. A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the certificate of incorporation or a bylaw shall not be eliminated or impaired by an amendment to or repeal or elimination of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or omission has occurred.

10.12. For purposes of this Section 10, references to the “Company” shall include, in addition to the resulting company, any constituent company (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent company, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section 10 with respect to the resulting or surviving company as such person would have with respect to such constituent company if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Section 10, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” as referred to in this Section 10.

 

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Section 11. EXECUTION OF PAPERS

11.1. Except as the board of directors may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes, checks, drafts or other obligations made, accepted or endorsed by the corporation shall be signed by the chairman of the board, if any, the president, a vice president or the treasurer.

Section 12. FISCAL YEAR

12.1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall end on the last day of December, or such other date as is determined by the Board.

Section 13. AMENDMENTS

13.1. These by-laws may be adopted, amended or repealed by vote of a majority of the directors then in office or by vote of a majority of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Any by-law, whether adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders or directors, may be amended or reinstated by the stockholders or the directors.

Adopted: May 13, 2024

 

-15-

EXHIBIT 99.1

Haveli Investments Completes Acquisition of ZeroFox

WASHINGTON, D.C. — May 13, 2024 — ZeroFox Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: ZFOX), a leading provider of external cybersecurity, today announced the completion of its acquisition by technology-focused private equity firm Haveli Investments. With the completion of the transaction, ZeroFox stockholders will receive $1.14 per share in cash. The Company’s common stock and warrants have ceased trading, and the Company has been delisted from Nasdaq.

As a privately held company, ZeroFox will benefit from strategic support, guidance, and capital provided by Haveli Investments to continue expanding its global footprint in support of its mission to build a safer digital world. Through this investment, ZeroFox will continue to expand its industry leading cybersecurity platform, invest in go-to-new market channels, and accelerate innovation to better protect customers.

“We are pleased to announce the successful completion of ZeroFox’s privatization and look forward to partnering with the talented team of investment professionals at Haveli to take ZeroFox to the next level,” said James C. Foster, CEO and Founder of ZeroFox. “Re-entering the private sphere strengthens our ability to move faster than the competition and ultimately better protect our customers – which remains our number one priority. We have built a differentiated, unified cyber platform comprising external attack surface management, digital risk protection, and threat intelligence, and I’m extremely proud of all that we have accomplished over the past decade. I am confident ZeroFox will benefit from Haveli’s deep expertise in cybersecurity as we begin our next phase of growth, expand into new markets, and accelerate customer acquisition.”

“With the leading platform for end-to-end digital risk protection, ZeroFox is exceptionally well-positioned in the rapidly growing cybersecurity market as businesses face increasingly frequent and complex digital attacks,” said Ian Loring, Senior Managing Director and Executive Chair at Haveli Investments. “As a privately held company, we expect ZeroFox will benefit from enhanced flexibility, enabling it to rapidly adjust to new cybersecurity threats, accelerate growth plans, and drive ongoing innovation. We look forward to partnering with the team at ZeroFox on their continued global expansion to bring the Company’s platform to new markets as the premier solution for digital risk protection, threat intelligence, and external attack surface management at scale.”


About ZeroFox

ZeroFox (Nasdaq: ZFOX), an enterprise software-as-a-service leader in external cybersecurity, has redefined security outside the corporate perimeter on the internet, where businesses operate, and threat actors thrive. The ZeroFox platform combines advanced AI analytics, digital risk and privacy protection, full-spectrum threat intelligence, and a robust portfolio of breach, incident and takedown response capabilities to expose and disrupt phishing and fraud campaigns, botnet exposures, credential theft, impersonations, data breaches, and physical threats that target your brands, domains, people, and assets. Join thousands of customers, including some of the largest public sector organizations as well as finance, media, technology and retail companies to stay ahead of adversaries and address the entire lifecycle of external cyber risks. ZeroFox and the ZeroFox logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ZeroFox, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. Visit www.zerofox.com for more information.

About Haveli Investments

Haveli Investments is an Austin-based private equity firm that seeks to invest in the highest quality companies in the technology sector through control, minority or structured equity and debt investments with a focus on software, data, gaming and adjacent industries. The firm seeks to partner with innovative companies, entrepreneurs and management teams throughout a company’s life cycle. Haveli’s experienced team of investors and diverse industry experts will provide operational and strategic support, enabling portfolio companies to focus on driving innovation and increasing growth, scale and operating margins. Underscoring Haveli’s investments is an unwavering focus on DEI and sustainability. For more information, please visit www.haveliinvestments.com, or follow Haveli on LinkedIn, @Haveli Investments.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements, including the statement about the future business prospects of ZeroFox. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties detailed in the periodic reports that ZeroFox filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including ZeroFox’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2024. If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if any of ZeroFox’s assumptions prove incorrect, ZeroFox’s actual results could differ materially from the results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to ZeroFox as of the date of this press release, and ZeroFox does not assume any obligation to update the forward-looking statements provided to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made, except as required by law.


For ZeroFox:

Media Inquiries

Maisie Guzi, ZeroFox

press@zerofox.com

Investor Relations

Todd Weller, ZeroFox

investor@zerofox.com

For Haveli:

Investors

Caroline Bal Doherty

Haveli Investments

SVP of Capital Partnerships

cdoherty@havelii.com

Media

Hugh Burns/Pamela Greene

Reevemark

(212) 433-4600

HaveliTeam@Reevemark.com

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May 13, 2024
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