Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

_________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to____________

Commission File No. 001-33999

NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware			95-3848122
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4350 Baker Road – Suite 400

Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(952) 476-9800

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.001

NOG

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer ☒						Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐						Smaller Reporting Company ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 26, 2024, there were 100,172,478 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated in this report, natural gas volumes are stated at the legal pressure base of the state or geographic area in which the reserves are located at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Crude oil and natural gas equivalents are determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one barrel of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.

The following definitions shall apply to the technical terms used in this report.

Terms used to describe quantities of crude oil and natural gas:

“Bbl.” One stock tank barrel, of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or NGLs.

“Boe.” A barrel of oil equivalent and is a standard convention used to express crude oil, NGL and natural gas volumes on a comparable crude oil equivalent basis. Gas equivalents are determined under the relative energy content method by using the ratio of 6.0 Mcf of natural gas to 1.0 Bbl of crude oil or NGL.

“Boepd.” Boe per day.

“Btu” or “British Thermal Unit.” The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

“MBbl.” One thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGLs.

“MBoe.” One thousand Boe.

“Mcf.” One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

“MMBbl.” One million barrels of crude oil, condensate or NGLs.

“MMBoe.” One million Boe.

“MMBtu.” One million British Thermal Units.

“MMcf.” One million cubic feet of natural gas.

“NGLs.” Natural gas liquids. Hydrocarbons found in natural gas that may be extracted as liquefied petroleum gas and natural gasoline.

Terms used to describe our interests in wells and acreage:

“Basin.” A large natural depression on the earth’s surface in which sediments generally brought by water accumulate.

“Completion.” The process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil, NGLs, and/or natural gas.

“Conventional play.” An area that is believed to be capable of producing crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas occurring in discrete accumulations in structural and stratigraphic traps.

“Developed acreage.” Acreage consisting of leased acres spaced or assignable to productive wells. Acreage included in spacing units of infill wells is classified as developed acreage at the time production commences from the initial well in the spacing unit. As such, the addition of an infill well does not have any impact on a company’s amount of developed acreage.

“Development well.” A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil, NGL, or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon (rock layer or formation) known to be productive for the purpose of extracting proved crude oil, NGL, or natural gas reserves.

“Differential.” The difference between a benchmark price of crude oil and natural gas, such as the NYMEX crude oil spot price, and the wellhead price received.

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“Dry hole.” A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.

“Exploratory well.” A well drilled to find a new field or to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or natural gas in another reservoir. Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, an extension well, a service well, or a stratigraphic test well.

“Extension well.” An extension well is a well drilled to extend the limits of a known reservoir.

“Field.” An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations.

“Formation.” A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differs from nearby rock.

“Gross acres” or “Gross wells.” The total acres or wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.

“Held by operations.” A provision in an oil and gas lease that extends the stated term of the lease as long as drilling operations are ongoing on the property.

“Held by production.” A provision in an oil and gas lease that extends the stated term of the lease as long as the property produces a minimum quantity of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas.

“Hydraulic fracturing.” The technique of improving a well’s production by pumping a mixture of fluids into the formation and rupturing the rock, creating an artificial channel. As part of this technique, sand or other material may also be injected into the formation to keep the channel open, so that fluids or natural gases may more easily flow through the formation.

“Infill well.” A subsequent well drilled in an established spacing unit of an already established productive well in the spacing unit. Acreage on which infill wells are drilled is considered developed commencing with the initial productive well established in the spacing unit. As such, the addition of an infill well does not have any impact on a company’s amount of developed acreage.

“Net acres.” The percentage ownership of gross acres. Net acres are deemed to exist when the sum of fractional ownership working interests in gross acres equals one (e.g., a 10% working interest in a lease covering 640 gross acres is equivalent to 64 net acres).

“Net well.” A well that is deemed to exist when the sum of fractional ownership working interests in gross wells equals one.

“NYMEX.” The New York Mercantile Exchange.

“OPEC.” The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

“Productive well.” A well that is found to be capable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of the production exceed production expenses and taxes.

“Recompletion.” The process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil, NGLs or natural gas or, in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.

“Reservoir.” A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible crude oil, NGLs and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is separate from other reservoirs.

“Service well.” A service well is drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Wells in this class are drilled for the following specific purposes: gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, salt-water disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.

“Spacing.” The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of acres, e.g., 40-acre spacing, and is often established by regulatory agencies.

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“Stratigraphic test well.” A stratigraphic test well is a drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition. Such wells customarily are drilled without the intent of being completed for hydrocarbon production. The classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration. Stratigraphic tests are classified as “exploratory type” if not drilled in a known area or “development type” if drilled in a known area.

“Unconventional play.” An area believed to be capable of producing crude oil, NGLs, and/or natural gas occurring in cumulations that are regionally extensive but require recently developed technologies to achieve profitability. These areas tend to have low permeability and may be closely associated with source rock as this is the case with crude oil and natural gas shale, tight crude oil and natural gas sands and coal bed methane.

“Undeveloped acreage.” Leased acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of economic quantities of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas, regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves. Undeveloped acreage includes net acres held by operations until a productive well is established in the spacing unit.

“Unit.” The joining of all or substantially all interests in a reservoir or field, rather than a single tract, to provide for development and operation without regard to separate property interests. Also, the area covered by a unitization agreement.

“Wellbore.” The hole drilled by the bit that is equipped for natural gas production on a completed well. Also called well or borehole.

“West Texas Intermediate or WTI.” A light, sweet blend of oil produced from the fields in West Texas.

“Working interest.” The right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own crude oil, NGLs, natural gas or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development, and operating costs on either a cash, penalty, or carried basis.

“Workover.” Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.

Terms used to assign a present value to or to classify our reserves:

“Developed Oil and Gas Reserves.” Oil and natural gas reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well.

“Possible reserves.” The additional reserves which analysis of geoscience and engineering data suggest are less likely to be recoverable than probable reserves.

“Pre-tax PV-10%” or “PV-10.” The estimated future net revenue, discounted at a rate of 10% per annum, before income taxes and with no price or cost escalation or de-escalation in accordance with guidelines promulgated by the SEC.

“Probable reserves.” The additional reserves which analysis of geoscience and engineering data indicate are less likely to be recovered than proved reserves but which together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.

“Proved developed non-producing reserves (PDNPs).” Proved crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas reserves that are developed behind pipe, shut-in or that can be recovered through improved recovery only after the necessary equipment has been installed, or when the costs to do so are relatively minor. Shut-in reserves are expected to be recovered from (1) completion intervals which are open at the time of the estimate, but which have not started producing, (2) wells that were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections, or (3) wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons. Behind-pipe reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells that will require additional completion work or future recompletion prior to the start of production.

“Proved developed producing reserves (PDPs).” Reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Additional crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas expected to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery are included in “proved developed reserves” only after testing by a pilot project or after the operation of an installed program has confirmed through production response that increased recovery will be achieved.

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“Proved reserves.” The quantities of crude oil, NGLs and natural gas, which, by analysis of geosciences and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced, or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project, within a reasonable time.

(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes: (A) the area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (B) adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible crude oil, NGLs or natural gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when: (A) successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (B) the project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average during the twelve-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based on future conditions.

“Proved undeveloped drilling location.” A site on which a development well can be drilled consistent with spacing rules for purposes of recovering proved undeveloped reserves.

“Proved undeveloped reserves” or “PUDs.” Reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for development. Reserves on undrilled acreage are limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved reserves for other undrilled units are claimed only where it can be demonstrated with reasonable certainty that there is continuity of production from the existing productive formation. Estimates for proved undeveloped reserves will not be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual tests in the area and in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir.

“Reserves.” Estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

“Standardized measure.” Discounted future net cash flows estimated by applying year-end prices to the estimated future production of year-end proved reserves. Future cash inflows are reduced by estimated future production and development costs based on period end costs to determine pre-tax cash inflows. Future income taxes, if applicable, are computed by applying the statutory tax rate to the excess of pre-tax cash inflows over our tax basis in the oil and natural gas properties. Future net cash inflows after income taxes are discounted using a 10% annual discount rate.

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“Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserves.” Oil and natural gas reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

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NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

June 30, 2024

C O N T E N T S


		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6
	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	44

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48

Item 5.	Other Information	49

Item 6.	Exhibits	50

Signatures		52

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements.

NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS


(In thousands, except par value and share data)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets	(Unaudited)
Current Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	7,778	$	8,195
Accounts Receivable, Net	359,649		370,531
Advances to Operators	21,685		49,210
Prepaid Expenses and Other	2,651		2,489
Derivative Instruments	19,569		75,733
Income Tax Receivable	2,335		3,249
Total Current Assets	413,667		509,407

Property and Equipment:
Oil and Natural Gas Properties, Full Cost Method of Accounting
Proved	9,111,493		8,428,518
Unproved	37,654		36,785
Other Property and Equipment	8,146		8,069
Total Property and Equipment	9,157,293		8,473,372
Less – Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Impairment	(4,891,014)		(4,541,808)
Total Property and Equipment, Net	4,266,279		3,931,563

Derivative Instruments	4,107		10,725

Acquisition Deposit	25,500		17,094
Other Noncurrent Assets, Net	15,111		15,466

Total Assets	$	4,724,664	$	4,484,255

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable	$	150,145	$	192,672
Accrued Liabilities	215,833		147,943
Accrued Interest	26,804		26,219


Derivative Instruments	70,726		16,797




Other Current Liabilities	2,061		2,130
Total Current Liabilities	465,569		385,761

Long-term Debt, Net	1,874,909		1,835,554
Deferred Tax Liability	112,870		68,488
Derivative Instruments	159,091		105,831


Asset Retirement Obligations	41,409		38,203
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	2,509		2,741

Total Liabilities	$	2,656,357	$	2,436,578

Commitments and Contingencies

Stockholders’ Equity

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Common Stock, Par Value $.001; 270,000,000 Shares Authorized; 100,172,478 Shares Outstanding at 6/30/2024 100,761,148 Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2023	502		503
Additional Paid-In Capital	1,995,432		2,124,963
Retained Earnings (Deficit)	72,373		(77,790)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	2,068,307		2,047,676
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	4,724,664	$	4,484,255

______________

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues
Oil and Gas Sales	$	561,025	$	416,491	$	1,093,066	$	842,725
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	(3,428)		57,769		(141,959)		211,425
Other Revenues	3,169		2,294		6,006		4,619
Total Revenues	560,766		476,554		957,113		1,058,769

Operating Expenses
Production Expenses	100,859		84,350		206,306		162,438
Production Taxes	48,589		37,138		99,799		72,056
General and Administrative Expenses	13,538		12,402		24,931		25,402
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	176,612		106,427		350,570		201,045
Other Expenses	2,232		1,446		4,251		2,447


Total Operating Expenses	341,830		241,763		685,857		463,388

Income From Operations	218,936		234,791		271,256		595,380

Other Income (Expense)
Interest Expense, Net of Capitalization	(37,696)		(31,968)		(75,620)		(62,111)

Loss on Unsettled Interest Rate Derivatives, Net	—		—		—		(1,017)
Gain on Extinguishment of Debt, Net	—		—		—		659

Contingent Consideration Gain	—		3,931		—		10,107


Other Income (Expense)	63		72		119		4,691
Total Other Income (Expense)	(37,633)		(27,965)		(75,501)		(47,671)

Income Before Income Taxes	181,303		206,826		195,755		547,709

Income Tax Expense	42,746		39,012		45,592		39,703

Net Income	$	138,556	$	167,815	$	150,163	$	508,006







Net Income Per Common Share – Basic	$	1.38	$	1.89	$	1.50	$	5.85
Net Income Per Common Share – Diluted	$	1.36	$	1.88	$	1.47	$	5.82
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	100,266,462		88,800,994		100,354,467		86,869,094
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	101,985,074		89,108,519		101,810,603		87,268,591

______________

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$	150,163	$	508,006
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization, and Accretion	350,570		201,045
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs	4,586		3,650

Gain on Extinguishment of Debt	—		(659)
Amortization of Bond Premium/Discount on Long-term Debt	(568)		(901)
Deferred Income Taxes	44,382		38,813
Unrealized (Gain) Loss of Derivative Instruments	169,972		(169,473)

Gain on Contingent Consideration	—		(10,107)


Stock-Based Compensation Expense	5,301		3,190


Other	2,229		2,983
Changes in Working Capital and Other Items:
Accounts Receivable, Net	12,190		6,688
Prepaid and Other Expenses	(164)		(473)
Accounts Payable	(398)		(15,514)
Accrued Interest	575		4,401
Accrued Liabilities and Expenses	(6,214)		5,445

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	732,624		577,094

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties	(604,679)		(833,377)
Acquisition Deposit	(25,500)		(37,500)


Purchases of Other Property and Equipment	(76)		(503)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(630,255)		(871,380)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Advances on Revolving Credit Facility	246,000		380,000
Repayments on Revolving Credit Facility	(209,000)		(699,000)
Repurchase of Senior Notes Due 2028	—		(18,436)


Issuance of Senior Notes Due 2031	—		492,840


Debt Issuance Costs Paid	(1,875)		(8,524)


Issuance of Common Stock	—		224,682

Repurchases of Common Stock	(54,877)		(8,004)


Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(2,712)		(2,616)

Common Dividends Paid	(80,322)		(54,377)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities	(102,786)		306,564

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(417)		12,278

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning of Period	8,195		2,528

Cash and Cash Equivalents - End of Period	7,778		14,805

______________

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)


(In thousands, except share data)	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		(Deficit)		(Deficit)
December 31, 2023	100,761,148	$	503	—	$	—	$	2,124,963	$	(77,790)	$	2,047,676

Issuance of Common Stock	139,873	—		—	—		—		—		—

Share Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		2,296		—		2,296
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(71,548)	—		—	—		(2,712)		—		(2,712)

Acquisitions of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	107,657	—		—	—		3,737		—		3,737


Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	656,297	1		—	—		(1)		—		—


Repurchases of Common Stock	(549,356)	(1)		—	—		(20,206)		—		(20,207)



Common Stock Dividends Declared	—	—		—	—		(40,418)		—		(40,418)
Net Income	—	—		—	—		—		11,606		11,606
March 31, 2024	101,044,071	$	503	—	$	—	$	2,067,660	$	(66,183)	$	2,001,980

Issuance of Common Stock	23,907	—		—	—		—		—		—
Restricted Stock Forfeitures	(424)	—		—	—		(2)		—		(2)
Share Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		3,058		—		3,058








Repurchases of Common Stock	(895,076)	(1)		—	—		(35,217)		—		(35,218)



Common Stock Dividends Declared	—	—		—	—		(40,067)		—		(40,067)

Net Income	—	—		—	—				138,556		138,556

June 30, 2024	100,172,478	$	502	—	$	—	$	1,995,432	$	72,373	$	2,068,307

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(In thousands, except share data)	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		(Deficit)		(Deficit)
December 31, 2022	85,165,807	$	487	—	$	—	$	1,745,532	$	(1,000,759)	$	745,260

Issuance of Common Stock	193,293	—		—	—		—		—		—
Restricted Stock Forfeitures	(6,854)	—		—	—		(54)		—		(54)
Share Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		2,316		—		2,316
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(98,052)	—		—	—		(2,616)		—		(2,616)




Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	403,780	—		—	—		—		—		—


Repurchases of Common Stock	(287,751)	—		—	—		(8,004)		—		(8,004)


Common Stock Dividends Declared	—	—		—	—		(29,026)		—		(29,026)
Net Income	—	—		—	—		—		340,191		340,191

March 31, 2023	85,370,223	$	487	—	$	—	$	1,708,147	$	(660,568)	$	1,048,067

Issuance of Common Stock	11,585	—		—	—		—		—		—
Restricted Stock Forfeitures	(6,550)	—		—	—		—		—		—
Share Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		1,207		—		1,207



Equity Offerings, Net of Issuance Costs	7,647,500	8		—	—		224,674		—		224,682








Common Stock Dividends Declared	—	—		—	—		(34,414)		—		(34,414)
Deferred Taxes Related to Capped Calls	—	—		—	—		8,441		—		8,441
Net Income	—	—		—	—		—		167,815		167,815

June 30, 2023	93,022,758	$	495	—	$	—	$	1,908,055	$	(492,753)	$	1,415,797

___________

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JUNE 30, 2024

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (the “Company,” “Northern,” “our” and words of similar import), a Delaware corporation, is an independent energy company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties in the United States, primarily in the Williston Basin, the Permian Basin and the Appalachian Basin. The Company’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NOG”.

The Company’s principal business is crude oil and natural gas exploration, development, and production with operations in the United States. The Company’s primary strategy is investing in non-operated minority working and mineral interests in oil and gas properties, with a core area of focus in three premier basins within the United States.

NOTE 2 BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The financial information included herein is unaudited. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. However, such information includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year.

Certain information, accounting policies, and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in this Form 10-Q pursuant to certain rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements under GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

The most significant estimates relate to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, which includes limited control over future development plans as a non-operator, estimates relating to certain crude oil and natural gas revenues and expenses, fair value of derivative instruments, fair value of contingent consideration, acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, impairment of crude oil and natural gas properties, asset retirement obligations and deferred income taxes.

Management’s estimates and assumptions were based on historical data and consideration of future market conditions. Given the uncertainty inherent in any projection, actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used, and conditions may change, which could materially affect amounts reported in the unaudited condensed financial statements.

Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires the Company to expand the breadth and frequency of segment disclosures to include additional information about significant segment expenses, the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and other items, and also require the annual disclosures on an interim basis. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023,

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with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosure.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from its interests in the sale of oil and natural gas production. The Company recognizes revenue from its interests in the sales of crude oil and natural gas in the period that its performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied when the customer obtains control of the product, when the Company has no further obligations to perform related to the sale, when the transaction price has been determined and when collectability is probable. The sales of oil and natural gas are made under contracts which the third-party operators of the wells have negotiated with customers, which typically include variable consideration that is based on pricing tied to local indices and volumes delivered in the current month. The Company receives payment from the sale of oil and natural gas production from one to three months after delivery. At the end of each month when the performance obligation is satisfied, the variable consideration can be reasonably estimated and amounts due from customers are accrued in trade receivables, net in the balance sheets. Variances between the Company’s estimated revenue and actual payments are recorded in the month the payment is received, however, differences have been and are insignificant. Accordingly, the variable consideration is not constrained.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical exemption, which applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied, and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required.

The Company’s oil is typically sold at delivery points under contract terms that are common in our industry. The Company’s natural gas produced is delivered by the well operators to various purchasers at agreed upon delivery points under a limited number of contract types that are also common in our industry. Regardless of the contract type, the terms of these contracts compensate the well operators for the value of the oil and natural gas at specified prices, and then the well operators will remit payment to the Company for its share in the value of the oil and natural gas sold.

A wellhead imbalance liability equal to the Company’s share is recorded to the extent that the Company’s well operators have sold volumes in excess of its share of remaining reserves in an underlying property. However, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s natural gas production was in balance, meaning its cumulative portion of natural gas production taken and sold from wells in which it has an interest equaled its entitled interest in natural gas production from those wells.

The Company’s disaggregated revenue has two primary sources: oil sales and natural gas and NGL sales. Substantially all of the Company’s oil and natural gas sales come from three geographic areas in the United States: the Williston Basin (North Dakota and Montana), the Permian Basin (New Mexico and Texas), and the Appalachian Basin (Ohio and Pennsylvania). The following table presents the disaggregation of the Company’s oil revenues and natural gas and NGL revenues by basin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024								Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	228,692	$	259,800	$	198	$	488,690	$	221,790	$	132,045	$	—	$	353,834
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	35,239		27,408		9,688		72,335		32,953		23,363		6,341		62,657
Other	—		3,169		—		3,169		—		2,294		—		2,294
Total	$	263,931	$	290,377	$	9,886	$	564,194	$	254,743	$	157,702	$	6,341	$	418,785


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024								Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	450,067	$	503,980	$	323	$	954,369	$	434,513	$	274,700	$	—	$	709,213
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	60,282		56,779		21,636		138,697		65,376		46,467		21,670		133,513
Other	—		6,006		—		6,006		—		4,619		—		4,619
Total	$	510,349	$	566,765	$	21,959	$	1,099,073	$	499,889	$	325,785	$	21,670	$	847,343

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Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks

The future results of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas operations will be affected by the market prices of crude oil and natural gas. The availability of a ready market for crude oil and natural gas products in the future will depend on numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including weather, imports, marketing of competitive fuels, proximity and capacity of crude oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities, any oversupply or undersupply of crude oil, natural gas and liquid products, the regulatory environment, the economic environment, and other regional and political events, none of which can be predicted with certainty.

The Company operates in the exploration, development and production sector of the crude oil and natural gas industry. The Company’s receivables include amounts due, indirectly via the third-party operators of the wells, from purchasers of its crude oil and natural gas production. While certain of these customers, as well as third-party operators of the wells, are affected by periodic downturns in the economy in general or in their specific segment of the crude oil or natural gas industry, the Company believes that its level of credit-related losses due to such economic fluctuations have been immaterial.

As a non-operator, 100% of the Company’s wells are operated by third-party operating partners. As a result, the Company is highly dependent on the success of these third-party operators. If they are not successful in the exploration, development and production activities relating to the Company’s leasehold interests, or are unable or unwilling to perform, the Company’s financial condition and results of operation could be adversely affected. These risks are heightened in a low commodity price environment, which may present significant challenges to these third-party operators. The Company’s third-party operators will make decisions in connection with their operations that may not be in the Company’s best interests, and the Company may have little or no ability to exercise influence over the operational decisions of its third-party operators. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s top four operators made up 39% of total oil and natural gas sales, with one operator comprising of more than 10% but less than 15%. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s top four operators made up 34% of total oil and natural gas sales, with no operators comprising of more than 10%. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s top four operators made up 41% of total oil and natural gas sales, with three operators comprising of more than 10% but less than 15%. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s top four operators made up 40% of total oil and natural gas sales, with two operators comprising of more than 10% but less than 15%.

The Company faces concentration risk due to the fact that substantially all of its oil and natural gas revenue is sourced from a limited number of geographic areas of operations. As a result, the Company is disproportionately exposed to risks that affect one or more of those areas in the Williston Basin (North Dakota and Montana), the Permian Basin (New Mexico and Texas), and the Appalachian Basin (Ohio and Pennsylvania).

The Company manages and controls market and counterparty credit risk. In the normal course of business, collateral is not required for financial instruments with credit risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash balances and derivative financial instruments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from such investments. The Company attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or company. The Company believes the credit quality of its counterparties is generally high. In the normal course of business, letters of credit or parent guarantees may be required for counterparties which management perceives to have a higher credit risk.

Net Income Per Common Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. Potential common shares include shares issuable upon exercise of stock options or warrants and vesting of restricted stock awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (see Note 4). The number of potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock or if-converted method.

In those reporting periods in which the Company has reported net income available to common stockholders, anti-dilutive shares generally are comprised of the restricted stock that has average unrecognized stock compensation expense greater than the average stock price. In those reporting periods in which the Company has a net loss, anti-dilutive shares are comprised of the impact of those number of shares that would have been dilutive had the Company had net income plus the number of common stock equivalents that would be anti-dilutive had the company had net income.

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Restricted stock awards are excluded from the calculation of basic weighted average common shares outstanding until they vest. For restricted stock awards that vest based on achievement of performance and/or market conditions, the number of contingently issuable common shares included in diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on the number of common shares, if any, that would be issuable under the terms of the arrangement if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period, assuming the result would be dilutive.

The reconciliation of the denominators used to calculate basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	138,556	$	167,815	$	150,163	$	508,006




Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	100,266,462		88,800,994		100,354,467		86,869,094
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Restricted Stock and Common Stock Warrants	980,385		307,525		1,087,022		399,497
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Convertible Notes	738,227		—		369,114		—
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	101,985,074		89,108,519		101,810,603		87,268,591

Net Income per Common Share:
Basic	$	1.38	$	1.89	$	1.50	$	5.85
Diluted	$	1.36	$	1.88	$	1.47	$	5.82

Shares Excluded from EPS Due to Anti-Dilutive Effect:
Restricted Stock	—		1,324		—		1,934

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following reflects the Company’s supplemental cash flow information:

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Supplemental Cash Items:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized	$	71,553	$	59,311
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes	296		891




Non-cash Investing Activities:
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties Included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	262,988		242,593

Capitalized Asset Retirement Obligations	4,074		2,367

Compensation Capitalized on Oil and Gas Properties	52		278
Issuance of Common Stock - Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	3,737		—

Non-cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	23,338		13,328
Common Stock Dividends Declared, But Not Paid	40,064		34,512
Repurchases of Common Stock - Excise Tax	548		—

NOTE 3 CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

The Company follows the full cost method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas operations whereby all costs related to the exploration and development of crude oil and natural gas properties are capitalized into a single cost center (“full cost pool”). Such costs include land acquisition costs, geological and geophysical expenses, carrying charges on non-producing properties, costs of drilling directly related to acquisition, and exploration activities. Internal costs that are capitalized are directly attributable to acquisition, exploration and development activities and do not include costs related to production, general corporate overhead or similar activities. Costs associated with production and general corporate activities are expensed in the period incurred.

Under the full cost method of accounting, the Company is required to perform a ceiling test each quarter. The test determines a limit, or ceiling, on the book value of the proved oil and gas properties. Net capitalized costs are limited to the lower of unamortized cost net of deferred income taxes, or the cost center ceiling. The Company did not have any impairment of its proved oil and gas properties for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

The book value of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas properties consists of all acquisition costs (including cash expenditures and the value of stock consideration), drilling costs and other associated capitalized costs. Acquisitions are accounted for as purchases and, accordingly, the results of operations are included in the accompanying condensed statements of operations from the closing date of the acquisition. Acquired assets and liabilities assumed are recorded based on their estimated fair value at the time of the acquisition.

2024 Acquisitions

In addition to the closing of the Delaware Acquisition (as defined below), during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company acquired oil and natural gas properties through a number of smaller independent transactions for a total of $25.2 million and $30.1 million, respectively.

Delaware Acquisition

In January 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of certain oil and gas properties, interests and related assets in the Delaware Basin from a private seller, effective as of November 1, 2023 (the “Delaware Acquisition”).

The total consideration paid to the seller at closing included 107,657 shares of common stock and $147.8 million in cash, a portion of which was funded by a $17.1 million deposit paid at signing in November 2023. As a result of customary post-

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closing adjustments, the Company decreased its proved oil and natural gas properties and total consideration by $0.4 million subsequent to closing.

The results of operations from the acquisition from the January 16, 2024 closing date through June 30, 2024 represented approximately $22.3 million of revenue and $10.0 million of income from operations. The Company incurred $0.7 million of transaction costs in connection with the acquisition, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s statement of operations. The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	151,912

Total assets acquired	151,912
Asset retirement obligations	(380)
Net assets acquired	$	151,531

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	147,794
Non-cash consideration	3,737
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	151,531

2023 Acquisitions

During 2023, the Company completed the following larger bolt-on acquisitions (each as defined and described below): the MPDC Acquisition, the Forge Acquisition and the Novo Acquisition (collectively, the “2023 Bolt-on Acquisitions”).

During 2023, in addition to the 2023 Bolt-on Acquisitions, the Company acquired oil and natural gas properties through a number of smaller independent transactions for a total of $277.9 million.

MPDC Acquisition

On January 5, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “MPDC Acquisition”) of certain oil and gas properties, interests and related assets from Midland Petro D.C. Partners, LLC and Collegiate Midstream LLC (collectively, “MPDC”), effective as of August 1, 2022. At closing, the Company acquired a 39.958% working interest in MPDC’s four-unit development project in the Permian Midland Basin, which includes an interest in gathering assets associated with the project.

The total consideration at closing was $319.9 million in cash. As a result of customary post-closing adjustments, the Company reduced its proved oil and natural gas properties and total consideration by $8.2 million subsequent to closing.

The results of operations from the acquisition from the January 5, 2023 closing date through December 31, 2023 represented approximately $157.0 million of revenue and $102.3 million of income from operations. The Company incurred $3.5 million of transaction costs in connection with the acquisition, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s statement of operations. The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:

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	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	320,395

Total assets acquired	320,395
Asset retirement obligations	(451)
Net assets acquired	$	319,944

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	319,944
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	319,944

Forge Acquisition

On June 30, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Forge Acquisition”) of certain Permian Delaware Basin assets from Forge Energy II Delaware, LLC (“Forge”), effective as of March 1, 2023. At closing, the Company acquired a 30% undivided stake in the assets sold by Forge, with Vital Energy, Inc., an unaffiliated third party, acquiring the other 70% and becoming the operator of the acquired assets.

The total consideration at closing, net to the Company, was $167.9 million in cash. As a result of customary post-closing adjustments, the Company reduced its proved oil and natural gas properties and total consideration by $0.7 million subsequent to closing.

The results of operations from the acquisition from the June 30, 2023, closing date through December 31, 2023 represented approximately $46.0 million of revenue and $29.3 million of income from operations. The Company incurred $2.3 million of transaction costs in connection with the acquisition, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s statement of operations. The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	164,925
Unproved oil and natural gas properties	3,892
Total assets acquired	168,817
Asset retirement obligations	(889)
Net assets acquired	$	167,928

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	167,928
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	167,928

Novo Acquisition

On August 15, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Novo Acquisition”) of certain Permian Delaware Basin assets of Novo Oil & Gas Holdings, LLC (“Novo”), effective as of May 1, 2023. At closing, the Company acquired a 33.33% undivided stake in the assets sold by Novo to Earthstone Energy Holdings, LLC (“Earthstone”), an unaffiliated third party, with Earthstone retaining the other 66.67% and becoming operator of the acquired assets.

The total consideration at closing, net to the Company, was $468.4 million in cash. As a result of customary post-closing adjustments, the Company reduced its proved oil and natural gas properties and total consideration by $1.2 million subsequent to closing.

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The results of operations from the acquisition from the August 15, 2023 closing date through December 31, 2023 represented approximately $78.5 million of revenue and $40.9 million of income from operations. The Company incurred $4.6 million of transaction costs in connection with the acquisition, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s statement of operations. The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	474,417

Total assets acquired	474,417
Asset retirement obligations	(813)
Accrued Liabilities	(5,168)
Net assets acquired	$	468,436

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	468,436
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	468,436

Pro Forma Information

The following summarized unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations information for the three months ended June 30, 2023, and the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, assumes that the Delaware Acquisition and each of the 2023 Bolt-on Acquisitions occurred as of January 1, 2023. There is no pro forma information included for the three months ended June 30, 2024, because the Company’s actual financial results for such period fully reflect all such acquisitions. The Company prepared the following summarized unaudited pro forma financial results for comparative purposes only. The summarized unaudited pro forma information may not be indicative of the results that would have occurred had the Company completed the acquisitions as of January 1, 2023, or that would be attained in the future.


	Six Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2023
Total Revenues	$	960,063	$	636,733	$	1,350,237
Net Income (Loss)	152,086		295,930		711,735

Unproved Properties

All properties that are not classified as proved properties are considered unproved properties and, thus, the costs associated with such properties are not subject to depletion. Once a property is classified as proved, all associated acreage and drilling costs are subject to depletion.

The Company historically has acquired unproved properties by purchasing individual or small groups of leases directly from mineral owners, landmen, or lease brokers, which leases historically have not been subject to specified drilling projects, and by purchasing lease packages in identified project areas controlled by specific operators. The Company generally participates in drilling activities on a heads up basis by electing whether to participate in each well on a well-by-well basis at the time wells are proposed for drilling.

The Company believes that the majority of its unproved costs will become subject to depletion within the next five years by proving up reserves relating to the acreage through exploration and development activities, by impairing the acreage that will expire before the Company can explore or develop it further or by determining that further exploration and development activity will not occur. The timing by which all other properties will become subject to depletion will be dependent upon the timing of future drilling activities and delineation of its reserves.

Capitalized costs associated with impaired unproved properties, which includes leases that have expired or have been deemed uneconomic, and capitalized costs related to properties having proved reserves, plus the estimated future development costs and asset retirement costs, are depleted and amortized on the unit-of-production method. Under this method, depletion is calculated

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at the end of each period by multiplying total production for the period by a depletion rate. The depletion rate is determined by dividing the total unamortized cost base plus future development costs by net equivalent proved reserves at the beginning of the period. The costs of unproved properties are withheld from the depletion base until such time as they are either developed or impaired. When proved reserves are assigned or the property is considered to be impaired, the cost of the property or the amount of the impairment is added to costs subject to depletion and full cost ceiling calculations. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, unproved properties of $0.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively, were impaired. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, unproved properties of $1.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively, were impaired.

NOTE 4 LONG-TERM DEBT

The Company’s long-term debt consists of the following:


	June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	198,000	$	—	$	—	$	198,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		7,366		(8,237)		704,237
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(13,002)		486,998
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,159)		(8,167)		485,675
Total	$	1,903,108	$	1,207	$	(29,406)	$	1,874,909

	December 31, 2023
	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	161,000	$	—	$	—	$	161,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		8,376		(9,366)		704,117
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(14,214)		485,786
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,600)		(8,749)		484,651
Total	$	1,866,108	$	1,776	$	(32,330)	$	1,835,554

________________

(1)Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility of $10.8 million and $10.6 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are recorded in “Other Noncurrent Assets, Net” in the balance sheets.

Revolving Credit Facility

On June 7, 2022, the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, modified, or supplemented through the date of this filing, the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent (“Agent”), and the lenders from time to time party thereto, which amended and restated the Company’s prior revolving credit facility that was entered into on November 22, 2019. The Revolving Credit Facility is scheduled to mature on June 7, 2027.

The Revolving Credit Facility is comprised of revolving loans and letters of credit and is subject to a borrowing base with maximum loan value to be assigned to the proved reserves attributable to the Company and its subsidiaries’ (if any) oil and gas properties. As of June 30, 2024, the borrowing base was $1.8 billion and the aggregate elected commitment amount was $1.5 billion. The Company’s borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility is set at the lesser of the borrowing base and the elected commitment amount. The borrowing base will be redetermined semiannually on or around April 1st and October 1st, with one interim “wildcard” redetermination available to each of the Company and the Agent (acting at the direction of the lenders holding at least two-thirds of commitments and loans outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility) between scheduled redeterminations. Upon an acquisition of oil and gas properties with an aggregate value exceeding 5% of the borrowing base, the Company may request an additional redetermination. The scheduled redeterminations are based on a December 31st or June 30th reserve report, as applicable, prepared under the supervision of the Company’s chief engineer and, in the case of the December 31st reserve report, audited by an approved petroleum engineer (reasonably acceptable to the Agent). The Company has the option to seek commitments for term loans, which such term loans (if obtained) are capped at the

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least of (i) the borrowing base minus the aggregate elected commitment amount minus the then-outstanding principal amount of term loans, (ii) the aggregate elected commitment amount minus the then-outstanding principal amount of term loans and (iii) $500.0 million. Such term loans are subject to certain other terms of the Revolving Credit Facility.

At the Company’s option, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at the base rate or SOFR plus an applicable margin. Base rate loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the greatest of: (i) the Agent bank’s prime rate; (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points; and (iii) the adjusted SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 100 basis points. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 125 to 225 basis points, and the applicable margin for SOFR loans ranges from 225 to 325 basis points, in each case depending on the percentage of the borrowing base utilized.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains negative covenants that limit the Company’s ability, among other things, to pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness, sell assets, enter into certain derivatives contracts, change the nature of its business or operations, merge, consolidate, or make certain types of investments. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility requires that the Company comply with the following financial covenants: (i) as of the date of determination, the ratio of total net debt to EBITDAX (as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility) shall be no more than 3.50 to 1.00, measured on a rolling four quarter basis, and (ii) the current ratio (defined as consolidated current assets including unused amounts of the total commitments, but excluding non-cash assets under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), divided by consolidated current liabilities excluding current non-cash obligations under ASC 815, current maturities under the Revolving Credit Facility and current maturities of any long-term debt) shall not be less than 1.00 to 1.00. The Company is in compliance with these financial covenants as of June 30, 2024.

The Company’s obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility may be accelerated, subject to customary grace and cure periods, upon the occurrence of certain Events of Default (as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility). Such Events of Default include customary events for a financing agreement of this type, including, without limitation, payment defaults, the inaccuracy of representations and warranties, defaults in the performance of affirmative or negative covenants, defaults on other indebtedness of the Company or its subsidiaries, defaults related to judgments and the occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined in the Revolving Credit Facility).

The Company’s obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility are secured by mortgages on not less than 90% of the value of proven reserves associated with the oil and gas properties included in the determination of the borrowing base. Additionally, the Company entered into a Guaranty and Collateral Agreement in favor of the Agent for the secured parties, pursuant to which the Company’s obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets.

Senior Notes due 2028

On February 18, 2021, the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, entered into an indenture (the “2028 Notes Indenture”), pursuant to which the Company issued $550.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.125% senior notes due 2028 (the “Original 2028 Notes”). On November 15, 2021, the Company issued an additional $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.125% senior notes due 2028 (the “Additional 2028 Notes” and, together with the Original 2028 Notes, the “Senior Notes due 2028”). The proceeds of the Senior Notes due 2028 were used primarily to refinance existing indebtedness, and for general corporate purposes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased and retired $19.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2028 in open market transactions for a total of $18.4 million in cash, plus accrued interest.

The Senior Notes due 2028 will mature on March 1, 2028. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on each March 1 and September 1 to holders of record on the February 15 and August 15 immediately preceding the related interest payment date, at a rate of 8.125% per annum. The Company may redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes due 2028 at redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) equal to 104.063% for the twelve-month period beginning on March 1, 2024, 102.031% for the twelve-month period beginning on March 1, 2025, and 100% beginning on March 1, 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.

If a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture) occurs, each holder of Senior Notes due 2028 may require the Company to repurchase all or any part of that holder’s the Senior Notes due 2028 for cash at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2028 repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the Senior Notes due 2028 repurchased to, but excluding, the date of purchase (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date on or prior to the date of purchase).

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The 2028 Notes Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries, if any, to: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain types of preferred stock; (ii) pay dividends or distributions in respect of equity interests or redeem, repurchase or retire equity securities or subordinated indebtedness; (iii) transfer or sell certain assets; (iv) make investments; (v) create liens to secure indebtedness; (vi) enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from any non-guarantor subsidiary to the Company; (vii) consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of the Company’s assets to, another person; (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates; and (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications, and many of these covenants will be terminated if the Senior Notes due 2028 achieve an investment grade rating from either Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings.

The 2028 Notes Indenture contains customary events of default, including, but not limited to: (i) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Senior Notes due 2028; (ii) default in payment when due of the principal of, or premium, if any, on the Senior Notes due 2028; (iii) failure by the Company or certain of its subsidiaries, if any, to comply with certain of their respective obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Senior Notes due 2028 or the 2028 Notes Indenture, subject to certain notice and grace periods; (iv) failure by the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries to pay indebtedness within any applicable grace period or the acceleration of any such indebtedness if the total amount of such indebtedness exceeds $35.0 million; (v) failure by the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture) to pay final non-appealable judgments aggregating in excess of $35.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 60 days; (vi) except as permitted by the 2028 Notes Indenture, any guarantee of the Senior Notes due 2028 is held in any judicial proceeding to be unenforceable or invalid, or ceases for any reason to be in full force and effect, or is denied or disaffirmed by a Guarantor (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture); and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency described in the 2028 Notes Indenture with respect to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries that are Significant Subsidiaries.

Convertible Notes due 2029

On October 14, 2022, the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, entered into an indenture (the “Convertible Notes Indenture”), pursuant to which the Company issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.625% convertible senior notes due 2029 (the “Convertible Notes”). The proceeds of the Convertible Notes were used to refinance existing indebtedness and for other general corporate purposes. The Convertible Notes mature on April 15, 2029, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The Convertible Notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year.

Before October 16, 2028, noteholders have the right to convert their Convertible Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. From and after October 16, 2028, noteholders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The Company will have the right to elect to settle conversions either entirely in cash or in a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. However, upon conversion of any Convertible Notes, the conversion value, which will be determined over a period of 40 trading days, will be paid in cash up to at least the principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted. The initial conversion rate was 26.3104 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represented an initial conversion price of approximately $38.01 per share of common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary anti-dilution and other adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. As of June 30, 2024, the conversion rate was 26.6642 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represented a conversion price of approximately $37.50 per share of common stock. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time.

The Convertible Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to certain limitations), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after April 15, 2026 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. In addition, calling any Convertible Note for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that Convertible Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Convertible Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

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If certain corporate events that constitute a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture) occur, then, subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their Convertible Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The definition of Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s common stock.

The Convertible Notes have customary provisions relating to the occurrence of “Events of Default” (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture), which include the following: (i) certain payment defaults on the Convertible Notes (which, in the case of a default in the payment of interest on the Convertible Notes, will be subject to a 30-day cure period); (ii) the Company’s failure to send certain notices under the Convertible Notes Indenture within specified periods of time; (iii) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants in the Convertible Notes Indenture relating to the Company’s ability to consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and any subsidiaries that the Company may form or acquire in the future, taken as a whole, to another person; (iv) a default by the Company in certain of its other obligations or agreements under the Convertible Notes Indenture or the Convertible Notes if such default is not cured or waived within 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the Convertible Notes Indenture; (v) certain defaults by the Company or any subsidiaries that the Company may form or acquire in the future with respect to indebtedness for borrowed money of at least $50.0 million; (vi) the rendering of certain judgments against the Company or any of its subsidiaries for the payment of at least $50.0 million, where such judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed within 60 days after the date on which the right to appeal has expired or on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished; and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization involving the Company or any of the Company’s significant subsidiaries that the Company may form or acquire in the future.

If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to any significant subsidiary that the Company may form or acquire in the future) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the Convertible Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then, the Trustee (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture), by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the Convertible Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Convertible Notes Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the Convertible Notes for up to 365 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.25% on the principal amount of the Convertible Notes for the first 180 days and, thereafter, at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the Convertible Notes.

Capped Call Transactions

In October 2022, in connection with the Convertible Notes offering described above, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes and/or their respective affiliates and/or other financial institutions. The Company paid $36.1 million in total consideration to enter into the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes, the number of shares of common stock initially underlying the Convertible Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of Convertible Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of such converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions was initially approximately $52.17 per share of common stock, which represents a premium of 75% over the last reported sale price of the common stock of $29.81 per share on October 11, 2022, and is subject to certain customary adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. As of June 30, 2024, the cap price of the Capped Call Transactions was approximately $51.48 per share of common stock.

Senior Notes due 2031

On May 15, 2023, the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, entered into an indenture (the “2031 Notes Indenture”), pursuant to which the Company issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 8.750% senior notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). The proceeds of the Senior Notes due 2031 were used primarily to refinance existing indebtedness, and for general corporate purposes.

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The Senior Notes due 2031 will mature on June 15, 2031. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on each June 15 and December 15, to holders of record on the June 1 and December 1 immediately preceding the related interest payment date, at a rate of 8.750% per annum. Prior to June 15, 2026, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2031, upon not less than 10 or more than 60 days’ notice, at a redemption price of 108.750% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2031 redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on an interest payment date that is on or prior to the redemption date), in an amount not greater than the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings by the Company, provided that (i) at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2031 issued under the 2031 Notes Indenture (including any Additional Notes (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture) but excluding the Senior Notes due 2031 held by the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture)) remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (unless all Senior Notes due 2031 are redeemed substantially concurrently) and (ii) the redemption occurs within 180 days of the date of the closing of each such equity offering. In addition, prior to June 15, 2026, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes due 2031, on any one or more occasions, upon not less than 10 or more than 60 days’ notice, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2031 redeemed, plus an applicable make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on an interest payment date that is on or prior to the redemption date).

On or after June 15, 2026, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes due 2031 at redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) equal to 104.375% for the twelve-month period beginning on June 15, 2026, 102.188% for the twelve-month period beginning on June 15, 2027, and 100% beginning on June 15, 2028, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.

If a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture) occurs, each holder of Senior Notes due 2031 may require the Company to repurchase all or any part of that holder’s Senior Notes due 2031 for cash at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2031 repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the Senior Notes due 2031 repurchased to, but excluding, the date of purchase (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date on or prior to the date of purchase).

The 2031 Notes Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries, if any, to: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain types of preferred stock; (ii) pay dividends or distributions in respect of equity interests or redeem, repurchase or retire equity securities or subordinated indebtedness; (iii) transfer or sell certain assets; (iv) make investments; (v) create liens to secure indebtedness; (vi) enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from any non-guarantor subsidiary to the Company; (vii) consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of the Company’s assets to, another person; (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates; and (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications, and many of these covenants will be terminated if the Senior Notes due 2031 achieve an investment grade rating from either Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings.

The 2031 Notes Indenture contains customary events of default, including, but not limited to: (i) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Senior Notes due 2031; (ii) default in payment when due of the principal of, or premium, if any, on the Senior Notes due 2031; (iii) failure by the Company or certain of its subsidiaries, if any, to comply with certain of their respective obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Senior Notes due 2031 or the 2031 Notes Indenture, subject to certain notice and grace periods; (iv) failure by the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries to pay indebtedness within any applicable grace period or the acceleration of any such indebtedness if the total amount of such indebtedness exceeds $35.0 million; (v) failure by the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries that is a Significant Subsidiary (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture) to pay final non-appealable judgments aggregating in excess of $35.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 60 days; (vi) except as permitted by the 2031 Notes Indenture, any guarantee of the Senior Notes due 2031 is held in any judicial proceeding to be unenforceable or invalid, or ceases for any reason to be in full force and effect, or is denied or disaffirmed by a Guarantor (as defined in the 2031 Notes Indenture); and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency described in the 2031 Notes Indenture with respect to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries that are Significant Subsidiaries.

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NOTE 5 COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK

Common Stock

On May 23, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to its certificate of incorporation, which was effective upon filing, to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, par value 0.001 per share, from 135,000,000 to 270,000,000, as approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 23, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 100,172,478 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had zero shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

2024 Activity

Common Stock

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, 71,548 shares of common stock were surrendered by certain employees of the Company to cover tax obligations in connection with their restricted stock awards. The total value of these shares was approximately $5.8 million, which is based on the market prices on the dates the shares were surrendered.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 656,297 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of outstanding warrants to purchase common stock, which immediately prior to their cancellation were exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 1,223,963 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $26.3324 per share.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 107,657 shares of its common stock as partial consideration for the Delaware Acquisition (see Note 3).

Dividends

In February 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend on the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.40 per share. The dividend was paid on April 30, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 28, 2024.

In May 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend on the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.40 per share. The dividend was paid on July 31, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 27, 2024.

Stock Repurchase Program

In May 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. In July 2024, the Company’s board of directors terminated the prior stock repurchase program, which was substantially depleted, and approved a new stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase program allows the Company to repurchase its shares from time to time in the open market, block transactions and in negotiated transactions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,444,432 shares of its common stock for $55.4 million (including commissions and $0.5 million in excise tax) under the Company’s then current stock repurchase program. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 287,751 shares of its common stock under the same stock repurchase program at a total cost of $8.0 million.

The Company’s accounting policy upon the repurchase of shares is to deduct its par value from common stock and to reflect any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from Additional Paid-in Capital. All repurchased shares are included in the Company’s pool of authorized but unissued shares.

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NOTE 6 STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains the Amended and Restated 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) for the purpose of making equity-based awards to employees, directors and other eligible persons. As of June 30, 2024, there were 2,841,360 shares available for future awards or settlement of awards under the 2018 Plan.

The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation awards expected to vest over the requisite service period as a charge against earnings, net of amounts capitalized. The Company’s stock-based compensation awards are accounted for as equity instruments and are included in the “General and administrative expenses” line item in the unaudited statements of operations. The Company capitalizes a portion of stock-based compensation for employees who are directly involved in the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties into the full cost pool. Capitalized stock-based compensation is included in the “Oil and natural gas properties” line item in the unaudited balance sheet.

Issuances made pursuant to the 2018 Plan are summarized as follows:

The Company issues share-based awards in the form of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and share appreciation awards (“SARs”), subject to various vesting conditions, as compensation to executive officers, employees and directors of the Company. Typically, RSAs issued to employees and executive officers contain a service condition only and generally vest over three or four years. Typically, RSUs and SARs contain both a service and market condition. Market conditions can be the Company’s absolute total shareholder return (“TSR”), the Company’s TSR ranking among its peer companies or the Company’s market capitalization growth measured over a defined performance period. Grantees’ continued employment through the end of the performance period is required for such RSUs and SARs to vest. RSAs issued to directors generally vest either immediately or over one year, subject to continued service and provided that any performance and/or market conditions are also met.

For awards subject to service and/or performance vesting conditions, the grant date fair value is established based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on such date. Stock-based compensation expense for awards subject to only service conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period. Stock-based compensation expense for awards subject to both service and performance conditions are recognized on a graded basis if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures of awards granted under these plans as they occur in determining stock-based compensation expense.

For awards subject to a market condition, the grant date fair value is estimated using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for awards subject to market-based vesting conditions regardless of whether it becomes probable that these conditions will be achieved or not, and stock-based compensation expense for any such awards is not reversed if vesting does not actually occur. The Monte Carlo model is based on random projections of stock price paths and must be repeated numerous times to achieve a probabilistic assessment. Expected volatility is calculated based on the historical volatility and implied volatility of the Company’s common stock, and the risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yield curve rates with maturities consistent with the three-year vesting period.

Service-Based RSAs

The following table reflects the outstanding service-based RSAs and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Service-based Awards
	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	497,722	$	27.45
Shares granted	163,780	35.82
Shares forfeited	(424)	35.41
Shares vested	(180,387)	25.88
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	480,691	$	35.41

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At June 30, 2024, there was $13.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSAs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.49 years. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the total fair value of the Company’s RSAs that vested was $5.8 million and $6.2 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the compensation expenses associated with these awards were $3.7 million.

Performance Equity Awards

In April 2022, the Company granted performance equity awards under its 2022 executive compensation program to certain executive officers. The awards were subject to a market condition, which was based on a comparison of the Company versus a defined peer group with respect to TSR based on the last 20 trading days of 2022 compared to the same period of 2021 (“2022 TSR Awards”). Depending on the Company’s TSR relative to the defined peer group, the award recipients in the aggregate could earn between zero and $2.4 million in the form of awards expected to be settled in restricted shares of the Company’s common stock with service-based vesting over three years. In January 2023, the Company issued 74,220 restricted shares of common stock in settlement of these awards, with service-based vesting over three years. The shares are included in the above table.

In December 2023, the Company granted performance equity awards, in the form of RSUs, that are subject to the achievement of either the Company’s absolute TSR or a comparison of the Company’s TSR versus a defined peer group based on the last 20 trading days of 2025 compared to the same period of 2022 (“2023 TSR Awards”). The number of RSUs issued as a target amount on the grant date was 83,710. Depending on the Company’s stock performance, the number of common shares grantees shall be entitled to receive following the end of the performance period on December 31, 2025, can range from zero to 166% of the target amount. The grant date fair value for these awards ranges from $35.73 per share to $52.41 per share. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the compensation expenses associated with these awards were $0.9 million. As of June 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expenses were $2.8 million, which will be amortized over the remaining performance period.

The following table reflects the outstanding 2023 TSR Awards and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	2023 TSR Awards
	Number of Units	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	83,710	$	44.49
Units granted	—	—
Units forfeited	—	—
Units vested	—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	83,710	$	44.49

In December 2023, the Company also granted performance equity awards, in the form of SARs, that are subject to the achievement of an annualized adjusted market capitalization appreciation rate measured based on the last 20 trading days of 2027 compared to the same period of 2022 (“2023 SARs Awards”). The final payout (if any) will be a dollar amount, which may be settled in cash, shares or a combination of both at the Company’s option. The Company plans to settle the 2023 SARs Awards by issuing a number of common shares equal to the payout amount divided by the trailing 20-day average price as of the last trading day of 2027. In 2023, the Company issued SARs with an aggregate grant-date fair value of $6.0 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the compensation expenses associated with these awards were $0.7 million. As of June 30, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expenses for these awards were $5.2 million, which will be amortized over the remaining performance period.

The Company used Monte Carlo simulation models, described above, to estimate (i) the fair value of the 2022 TSR Awards and 2023 TSR Awards based on the expected outcome of the Company’s absolute TSR as well as TSR relative to the defined peer group and (ii) the fair value of the SARs based on the expected outcome of the Company’s market capitalization appreciation rate. The assumptions used for the Monte Carlo model were as follows:

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	2022			2023
	TSR Awards			TSR Awards			SARs Awards
Risk-free interest rate	1.69		%	4.23		%	3.92		%
Dividend yield	2.40		%	—		%	4.30		%
Expected volatility	56.94		%	56.40		%	72.30		%
Company’s closing stock price on grant date	$	24.98		$	37.07		$	37.07

Warrants

In January 2022, as partial consideration for the purchase of certain oil and gas properties, the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,939,998 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to $28.30 per share (subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments) (the “Warrants”).

In March 2023, the Company issued 403,780 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of a portion of the Warrants. Immediately prior to their cancellation, such Warrants that were surrendered were exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 824,602 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $27.4946 per share. Neither the Company nor the holders paid any cash consideration in the transaction.

In March 2024, the Company issued 656,297 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of all of the remaining Warrants. Immediately prior to their cancellation, such Warrants that were surrendered were exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 1,223,963 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $26.3324 per share. Neither the Company nor the holders paid any cash consideration in the transaction.

The following table reflects the outstanding warrants and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Warrants
		Number of Warrants	Weighted-average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		1,223,963	$	26.33
Issued		—	—
Anti-Dilution Adjustments for Common Stock Dividends		—	—
Exercised		—	—
Cancelled		(1,223,963)	26.33
Expired		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		—	$	—

NOTE 7 COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company is engaged in various proceedings incidental to the normal course of business. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties, including but not limited to court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental intervention. Based upon the information available to the Company and discussions with legal counsel, it is the Company’s opinion that the outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to its business will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Such matters, however, are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any matter is not predictable with assurance.

NOTE 8 INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense during interim periods is based on applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate to year-to-date income, plus any significant unusual or infrequently occurring items which are recorded in the interim period. The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 differs from the amount that would be provided by

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applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to pre-tax income primarily due to the non-deductibility of permanent items, state income taxes, and discrete items during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and the recognition of a full valuation allowance during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”), management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the Company’s DTAs will not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including (i) its earnings history, (ii) its ability to recover net operating loss carry-forwards, (iii) the projected future income and results of operations, and (iv) its ability to use tax planning strategies. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its DTAs will not be realized, the tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance. The Company assesses the appropriateness of its valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

The Company’s income tax expense was $42.7 million and $39.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were 23.6% and 18.9%, respectively. The Company’s income tax expense was $45.6 million and $39.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were 23.3% and 7.2%, respectively.

NOTE 9 FAIR VALUE

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

As required, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	19,569	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		4,107		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(70,726)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(159,091)		—





Total	$	—	$	(206,141)	$	—

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	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	75,733	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		10,725		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(16,797)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(105,831)		—






Total	$	—	$	(36,169)	$	—

Commodity Derivatives. The Level 2 instruments presented in the tables above consist of commodity derivative instruments (see Note 10). The fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments is determined based upon future prices, volatility and time to maturity, among other things. Counterparty statements are utilized to determine the value of the commodity derivative instruments and are reviewed and corroborated using various methodologies and significant observable inputs. The Company’s and the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is evaluated. The fair value of commodity derivative contracts is reflected in the condensed balance sheet. The current derivative asset and liability amounts represent the fair values expected to be settled in the subsequent twelve months.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximate fair value due to the highly liquid or short-term nature of these instruments.

Long-term debt is not presented at fair value in the balance sheets, as it is recorded at carrying value, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized premium (see Note 4). The fair value of the Company’s Senior Notes due 2028, Convertible Notes due 2029 and Senior Notes due 2031 was $710.4 million, $581.6 million and $522.5 million, respectively, at June 30, 2024. These fair values are based on market quotes that represent Level 2 inputs.

There is no active market for the Revolving Credit Facility. The recorded value of the Revolving Credit Facility approximates its fair value because of its floating rate structure based on the SOFR spread, secured interest, and the Company’s borrowing base utilization. The fair value measurement for the Revolving Credit Facility represents Level 2 inputs.

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company estimates asset retirement obligations pursuant to the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations. The initial measurement of asset retirement obligations at fair value is calculated using discounted cash flow techniques and based on internal estimates of future retirement costs associated with oil and natural gas properties. Given the unobservable nature of the inputs, including plugging costs and reserve lives, the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligations liability is deemed to use Level 3 inputs. Asset retirement obligations incurred and acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were approximately $3.0 million.

The Company issued common stock warrants in January 2022 as a part of the purchase consideration for certain oil and gas properties acquired by the Company. Upon issuance, the Warrants granted holders the right to purchase 1,939,998 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to $28.30 per share (subject to certain adjustments), generally exercisable from April 27, 2022 until January 27, 2029. A portion of the Warrants were surrendered and cancelled in March 2023, and the remaining Warrants were surrendered and cancelled in March 2024, in each case in exchange for shares of common stock. See Note 6. The fair value of the Warrants consideration was determined by utilizing an Option Pricing Model. These non-recurring fair value measurements are primarily determined using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data (Level 2 inputs).

The Company accounts for acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company conducts assessments of net assets acquired and recognizes amounts for identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the estimated acquisition date fair values, while transaction costs associated with the acquisitions are

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expensed as incurred. The Company makes various assumptions in estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The most significant assumptions relate to the estimated fair value of oil and natural gas properties. The fair value of these properties is measured using a discounted cash flow model that converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. See Note 3 for additional discussion of the Company’s acquisitions of oil and natural gas properties during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and discussion of the significant inputs to the valuations.

Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value. There were no transfers of financial assets or liabilities between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 inputs for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

NOTE 10 DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company utilizes various commodity price derivative instruments to (i) reduce the effects of volatility in price changes on the crude oil and natural gas commodities it produces and sells, (ii) reduce commodity price risk and (iii) provide a base level of cash flow in order to assure it can execute at least a portion of its capital spending. In addition, from time to time the Company utilizes interest rate swaps to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates on the Company’s variable-rate indebtedness.

All derivative instruments are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair value (see Note 9). The Company has not designated any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes and does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. If a derivative does not qualify as a hedge or is not designated as a hedge, the changes in the fair value are recognized in the Company’s condensed statements of operations as a gain or loss on derivative instruments. Mark-to-market gains and losses represent changes in fair values of derivatives that have not been settled. The Company’s cash flow is only impacted when the actual settlements under the derivative contracts result in making or receiving a payment to or from the counterparty. These cash settlements represent the cumulative gains and losses on the Company’s derivative instruments for the periods presented and do not include a recovery of costs that were paid to acquire or modify the derivative instruments that were settled.

The Company has master netting agreements on individual derivative instruments with certain counterparties and therefore the current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet and the non-current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet for contracts with these counterparties.

Commodity Derivative Instruments

The following table presents settlements on commodity derivative instruments and unsettled gains and losses on open commodity derivative instruments for the periods presented which is recorded in the revenue section of our condensed financial statements:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cash Received on Settled Derivatives	$	8,896	$	27,265	$	28,012	$	40,935
Non-Cash Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(12,324)		30,503		(169,972)		170,490
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	$	(3,428)	$	57,769	$	(141,959)	$	211,425

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The following table summarizes open commodity derivative positions as of June 30, 2024, for commodity derivatives that were entered into through June 30, 2024, for the settlement period presented:


	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
Oil:
WTI NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	5,436,205		6,279,687		1,434,557		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	74.73	$	73.95	$	71.88	$	—	$	—



WTI NYMEX - Swaptions(1):
Volume (Bbl)	552,000		4,268,075		4,108,995		730,000		640,500
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	78.42	$	72.99	$	67.70	$	75.30	$	70.00
Argus American Crude WTI Midland to WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	3,131,981		4,319,776		2,595,291		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	1.15	$	1.05	$	1.10	$	—	$	—
WTI NYMEX - Call Options(1):
Volume (Bbl)	368,000		4,346,420		4,526,365		3,102,500		366,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	85.00	$	80.36	$	70.65	$	82.94	$	80.00
Brent ICE - Call Options:
Volume (Bbl)	—		—		—		—		316,590
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80.00



WTI NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (Bbl)	3,158,056		2,406,539		1,071,842		—		—
Collar Call Volume (Bbl)	3,483,805		3,454,962		1,544,057		—		—
Weighted-average floor price (Bbl)	$	71.13	$	69.77	$	68.89	$	—	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price (Bbl)	$	80.99	$	78.66	$	75.28	$	—	$	—

Natural Gas:
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	18,578,366		4,085,000		1,825,000		155,000		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.49	$	3.59	$	3.20	$	3.20	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions:
Volume (MMBtu)	—		20,075,000		5,475,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	—	$	3.89	$	4.00	$	—	$	—
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	9,568,000		18,568,000		14,600,000		3,650,000		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.78)	$	—
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	7,360,000		3,650,000		1,825,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.99)	$	(1.01)	$	(1.14)	$	—	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options:
Volume (MMBtu)	3,428,050		12,207,700		3,239,500		35,523,000		6,700,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.82	$	3.73	$	6.00	$	5.97	$	5.50
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Collar Call Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Weighted-average floor price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.06	$	3.12	$	3.09	$	3.00	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price ($/MMBtu)	$	4.51	$	4.93	$	5.04	$	3.83	$	—

______________

(1)Swaptions are crude oil derivative contracts that give counterparties the option to extend certain derivative contracts for additional periods. Call Options are crude oil derivative contracts sold by the Company that give counterparties the option to exercise certain derivative contracts. The volumes and prices reflected as Swaptions and Call Options in this table will only be effective if the options are exercised by the applicable counterparties.

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Other Information Regarding Derivative Instruments

The following table sets forth the amounts, on a gross basis, and classification of the Company’s outstanding derivative financial instruments at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Certain amounts may be presented on a net basis in the condensed financial statements when such amounts are with the same counterparty and subject to a master netting arrangement.


(In thousands)
Type of Commodity	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2024 Estimated Fair Value		December 31, 2023 Estimated Fair Value
Derivative Assets:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Assets	$	16,555	$	61,323
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Assets	8,171		4,487

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Assets	22,782		36,619
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Assets	4,062		17,964
Commodity Price Put Option Contracts	Current Assets	—		664

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	6,414		16,621
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	7,893		1,874

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	29,645		26,841
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	2,330		3,635

Total Derivative Assets		$	97,852	$	170,029

Derivative Liabilities:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	$	(32,205)	$	(8,079)
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	(4,950)		(6,796)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Current Liabilities	(23,000)		(1,496)

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Liabilities	(26,003)		(14,370)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Liabilities	(16,569)		(31,380)

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(5,252)		(2,288)

Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(4,329)		(8,922)
Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(37,834)		(18,849)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(91,492)		(78,123)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(62,359)		(35,896)
Total Derivative Liabilities		$	(303,993)	$	(206,198)

The use of derivative transactions involves the risk that the counterparties will be unable to meet the financial terms of such transactions. When the Company has netting arrangements with its counterparties that provide for offsetting payables against receivables from separate derivative instruments these assets and liabilities are netted in the balance sheet. The tables presented below provide reconciliation between the gross assets and liabilities and the amounts reflected in the balance sheet. The amounts presented exclude derivative settlement receivables and payables as of the balance sheet dates.

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	Estimated Fair Value at June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	51,571	$	(32,002)	$	19,569
Non-Current Assets	46,282		(42,174)		4,107
Total Derivative Assets	$	97,852	$	(74,176)	$	23,676

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(102,727)	$	32,002	$	(70,726)
Non-Current Liabilities	(201,266)		42,174		(159,091)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(303,993)	$	74,176	$	(229,817)


	Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	121,057	$	(45,324)	$	75,733
Non-Current Assets	48,971		$	(38,246)	10,725
Total Derivative Assets	$	170,029	$	(83,570)	$	86,459

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(62,120)	$	45,324	$	(16,797)
Non-Current Liabilities	(144,077)		38,246		(105,831)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(206,198)	$	83,570	$	(122,628)

All of the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments are covered by International Swap Dealers Association Master Agreements (“ISDAs”) entered into with parties that are also lenders under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility. The Company’s obligations under the derivative instruments are secured pursuant to the Revolving Credit Facility, and no additional collateral had been posted by the Company as of June 30, 2024. The ISDAs may provide that as a result of certain circumstances, such as cross-defaults, a counterparty may require all outstanding derivative instruments under an ISDA to be settled immediately. See Note 9 for the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments that were in a net liability position at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

We are including the following discussion to inform our existing and potential security holders generally of some of the risks and uncertainties that can affect our company and to take advantage of the “safe harbor” protection for forward-looking statements that applicable federal securities law affords.

From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf may make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential security holders about our company. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report regarding our financial position, business strategy, plans and objectives of management for future operations, industry conditions, indebtedness covenant compliance, capital expenditures, production, cash flow, borrowing base under our Revolving Credit Facility, our intention or ability to pay or increase dividends on our capital stock, and impairment are forward-looking statements. When used in this report, forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by terms or phrases such as “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “target,” “could,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “goal,” “will,” “should,” “may” or other words and similar expressions that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Items contemplating or making assumptions about actual or potential future production, sales, market size, collaborations, cash flows, and trends or operating results also constitute such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and important factors (many of which are beyond our company’s control) that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements, including the following:

•changes in crude oil and natural gas prices, the pace of drilling and completions activity on our current properties and properties pending acquisition;

•infrastructure constraints and related factors affecting our properties;

•cost inflation or supply chain disruptions;

•ongoing legal disputes over, and potential shutdown of, the Dakota Access Pipeline;

•our ability to acquire additional development opportunities, potential or pending acquisition transactions, the projected capital efficiency savings and other operating efficiencies and synergies resulting from our acquisition transactions, integration and benefits of property acquisitions, or the effects of such acquisitions on our company’s cash position and levels of indebtedness;

•changes in our reserves estimates or the value thereof;

•disruption to our company’s business due to acquisitions and other significant transactions;

•general economic or industry conditions, nationally and/or in the communities in which our company conducts business;

•changes in the interest rate environment, legislation or regulatory requirements;

•conditions of the securities markets;

•risks associated with our Convertible Notes, including the potential impact that the Convertible Notes may have on our financial position and liquidity, potential dilution, and that provisions of the Convertible Notes could delay or prevent a beneficial takeover of our company;

•the potential impact of the capped call transactions undertaken in tandem with the Convertible Notes issuance, including counterparty risk;

•increasing attention to environmental, social and governance matters;

•our ability to consummate any pending acquisition transactions;

•our ability to raise or access capital;

•cyber-incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations;

•changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines;

•potential impacts following the result of the upcoming presidential election in the United States;

•events beyond our control, including a global or domestic health crisis, acts of terrorism, political or economic instability or armed conflict in oil and gas producing regions; and

•other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and technical factors affecting our operations, products and prices.

We have based any forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While our management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, results actually achieved may differ materially from expected results described in these statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. You should consider carefully the statements in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other sections of our Annual Report

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on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as updated by subsequent reports we file with the SEC (including this report), which describe factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Our company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims, any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of such statements.

Overview

Our primary strategy is to invest in non-operated minority working and mineral interests in oil and gas properties, with a core area of focus in the premier basins within the United States. Using this strategy, we had participated in 10,187 gross (1,015.2 net) producing wells as of June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, we had leased approximately 272,293 net acres, of which approximately 86% were developed and all were located in the United States.

We have grown and diversified our business significantly over the last several years through acquisitions of oil and gas properties. See Note 3 to our condensed financial statements for information regarding our recent acquisition activity.

Our average daily production in the second quarter of 2024 was approximately 123,342 Boe per day, of which approximately 57% was oil. This was a 36% increase in production compared to the second quarter of 2023, primarily due to production attributable to recent acquisitions and new wells added to production. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we added 30.1 net wells to production.

Our weighted average percentage of production volumes by basin for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024								Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil (Bbl)	70	%	64	%	—	%	57	%	70	%	66	%	—	%	60	%
Natural Gas (Mcf)	30	%	36	%	100	%	43	%	30	%	34	%	100	%	40	%
Total (Boe)	39	%	46	%	15	%	100	%	55	%	33	%	12	%	100	%

Source of Our Revenues

We derive our revenues from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs produced from our properties. Revenues are a function of the volume produced, the prevailing market price at the time of sale, oil quality, Btu content and transportation costs to market. We use derivative instruments to hedge future sales prices on a substantial, but varying, portion of our oil and natural gas production. We expect our derivative activities will help us achieve more predictable cash flows and reduce our exposure to downward price fluctuations. The use of derivative instruments has in the past, and may in the future, prevent us from realizing the full benefit of upward price movements but also mitigates the effects of declining price movements.

Principal Components of Our Cost Structure

•Commodity price differentials. The price differential between our well head price for oil and the NYMEX WTI benchmark price is primarily driven by the cost to transport oil via train, pipeline or truck to refineries. The price differential between our well head price for natural gas and NGLs and the NYMEX Henry Hub benchmark price is primarily driven by gathering and transportation costs.

•Gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net. We utilize commodity derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the prices of oil and gas. Gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net is comprised of (i) cash gains and losses we recognize on settled commodity derivatives during the period, and (ii) non-cash mark-to-market gains and losses we incur on commodity derivative instruments outstanding at period end.

•Production expenses. Production expenses are daily costs incurred to bring oil and natural gas out of the ground and to the market, together with the daily costs incurred to maintain our producing properties. Such costs also include field personnel compensation, salt water disposal, utilities, maintenance, repairs and servicing expenses related to our oil and natural gas properties.

•Production taxes. Production taxes are paid on produced oil and natural gas based on a percentage of revenues from products sold at market prices (not hedged prices) or at fixed rates established by federal, state or local taxing

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authorities. We seek to take full advantage of all credits and exemptions in our various taxing jurisdictions. In general, the production taxes we pay correlate to the changes in oil and natural gas revenues.

•Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion. Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion includes the systematic expensing of the capitalized costs incurred to acquire, explore and develop oil and natural gas properties. As a full cost company, we capitalize all costs associated with our development and acquisition efforts and allocate these costs to each unit of production using the units-of-production method. Accretion expense relates to the passage of time of our asset retirement obligations.

•General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include overhead, including payroll and benefits for our corporate staff, costs of maintaining our headquarters, costs of managing our acquisition and development operations, franchise taxes, audit and other professional fees and legal compliance.

•Interest expense. We finance a portion of our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and acquisitions with borrowings. As a result, we incur interest expense that is affected by both fluctuations in interest rates and our financing decisions. We capitalize a portion of the interest paid on applicable borrowings into our unproved cost pool. We include interest expense that is not capitalized into the unproved cost pool, the amortization of deferred financing costs and bond premiums (including origination and amendment fees), commitment fees and annual agency fees as interest expense.

•Impairment expense. Under the full cost method of accounting, the Company is required to perform a ceiling test each quarter. The test determines a limit, or ceiling, on the book value of the proved oil and gas properties. If the net book value, including related deferred taxes, exceeds the ceiling, a non-cash impairment expense is required.

•Income tax expense. Our provision for taxes includes both federal and state taxes. We record our federal income taxes in accordance with accounting for income taxes under GAAP, which results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will not be realized.

Selected Factors That Affect Our Operating Results

Our revenues, cash flows from operations and future growth depend substantially upon:

•the timing and success of drilling and production activities by our operating partners;

•the prices and the supply and demand for oil, natural gas and NGLs;

•the quantity of oil and natural gas production from the wells in which we participate;

•changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments we use to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices;

•our ability to continue to identify and acquire high-quality acreage and drilling opportunities; and

•the level of our operating expenses.

In addition to the factors that affect companies in our industry generally, the location of substantially all of our acreage and wells in the Williston, Permian and Appalachian Basins subjects our operating results to factors specific to these regions. These factors include the potential adverse impact of weather on drilling, production and transportation activities, particularly during the winter and spring months, as well as infrastructure limitations, transportation capacity, regulatory matters and other factors that may specifically affect one or more of these regions.

The price at which our oil production is sold typically reflects a discount to the NYMEX benchmark price. The price at which our natural gas production is sold may reflect either a discount or premium to the NYMEX benchmark price. Thus, our operating results are also affected by changes in the price differentials between the applicable benchmark and the sales

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prices we receive for our production. Our oil price differential to the NYMEX benchmark price during the second quarter of 2024 was $3.55 per barrel, as compared to $2.65 per barrel in the second quarter of 2023. Our net realized gas price in the second quarter of 2024 was $2.47 per Mcf, representing 106% realization relative to average Henry Hub pricing, compared to a net realized gas price of $3.18 per Mcf in the second quarter of 2023, which represented 137% realization relative to average Henry Hub pricing. Fluctuations in our oil and gas price realizations are due to several factors such as pricing by basin, gathering and transportation costs, transportation method, takeaway capacity relative to production levels, regional storage capacity, seasonal refinery maintenance temporarily depressing demand, and in the case of gas realizations, the price of NGLs.

Another significant factor affecting our operating results is drilling costs. The cost of drilling wells can vary significantly, driven in part by volatility in commodity prices that can substantially impact the level of drilling activity. Generally, higher commodity prices have led to increased drilling activity, with the increased demand for drilling and completion services driving these costs higher. Lower commodity prices have generally had the opposite effect. In addition, individual components of the cost can vary depending on numerous factors such as the length of the horizontal lateral, the number of fracture stimulation stages, and the type and amount of proppant. Since 2021, we have observed inflationary pressures on drilling and other operating costs due to various factors, such as higher commodity prices, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions and other factors. During the first six months of 2024, the weighted average gross authorization for expenditure (or AFE) cost for wells we elected to participate in was $9.4 million, compared to $9.2 million for the wells we elected to participate in during 2023. The increase is due in part to a higher proportion of AFEs in the Permian Basin, which typically are more expensive than wells in the Williston Basin.

Market Conditions

The price that we receive for the oil and natural gas we produce is largely a function of market supply and demand. Because our oil and gas revenues are heavily weighted toward oil, we are more significantly impacted by changes in oil prices than by changes in the price of natural gas. World-wide supply in terms of output, especially production from properties within the United States, the production quota set by OPEC, and the strength of the U.S. dollar can significantly impact oil prices. Historically, commodity prices have been volatile and we expect the volatility to continue in the future. Factors impacting the future oil supply balance are world-wide demand for oil, as well as the growth in domestic oil production.

Prices for various quantities of natural gas, NGLs and oil that we produce significantly impact our revenues and cash flows. The following table lists average NYMEX prices for oil and natural gas for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Average NYMEX Prices(1)
Natural Gas (per Mcf)	$	2.32	$	2.32
Oil (per Bbl)	$	80.66	$	73.68

_________

(1)Based on average NYMEX closing prices.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Average NYMEX Prices(1)
Natural Gas (per Mcf)	$	2.21	$	2.53
Oil (per Bbl)	$	78.81	$	74.82

_________

(1)Based on average NYMEX closing prices.

We have entered into derivatives contracts to hedge commodity price risk on a portion of our future expected oil and natural gas production. For a summary as of June 30, 2024, of our open commodity price derivative contracts for future periods, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Commodity Price Risk” in Part I, Item 3 below. See also Note 10 to our condensed financial statements.

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023

The following table sets forth selected operating data for the periods indicated. Production volumes and average sales prices are derived from accrued accounting data for the relevant period indicated.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		% Change
Net Production:
Oil (Bbl)	6,337,728		4,981,162		27	%
Natural Gas (Mcf)	29,318,623		19,732,243		49	%
Total (Boe)	11,224,165		8,269,869		36	%

Net Sales (in thousands):
Oil Sales	$	488,690	$	353,834	38	%
Natural Gas and NGL Sales	72,335		62,657		15	%
Gain on Settled Commodity Derivatives	8,896		27,265		(67)	%
Gain (Loss) on Unsettled Commodity Derivatives	(12,324)		30,503
Other Revenue	3,169		2,294		38	%
Total Revenues	560,766		476,554		18	%

Average Sales Prices:
Oil (per Bbl)	$	77.11	$	71.03	9	%
Effect of Gain (Loss) on Settled Oil Derivatives on Average Price (per Bbl)	(2.30)		1.31
Oil Net of Settled Oil Derivatives (per Bbl)	74.81		72.34		3	%

Natural Gas and NGLs (per Mcf)	$	2.47	$	3.18	(22)	%
Effect of Gain on Settled Natural Gas Derivatives on Average Price (per Mcf)	0.80		1.05		(24)	%
Natural Gas and NGLs Net of Settled Natural Gas Derivatives (per Mcf)	3.27		4.23		(23)	%

Realized Price on a Boe Basis Excluding Settled Commodity Derivatives	$	49.98	$	50.36	(1)	%
Effect of Gain on Settled Commodity Derivatives on Average Price (per Boe)	0.79		3.30		(76)	%
Realized Price on a Boe Basis Including Settled Commodity Derivatives	50.77		53.66		(5)	%

Operating Expenses (in thousands):
Production Expenses	$	100,859	$	84,350	20	%
Production Taxes	48,589		37,138		31	%
General and Administrative Expenses	13,538		12,402		9	%
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	176,612		106,427		66	%
Other Expense	2,232		1,446		54	%

Costs and Expenses (per Boe):
Production Expenses	$	8.99	$	10.20	(12)	%
Production Taxes	4.33		4.49		(4)	%
General and Administrative Expenses	1.21		1.50		(19)	%
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	15.73		12.87		22	%

Net Producing Wells at Period End	1,015.2		872.8		16	%

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Oil and Natural Gas Sales

In the second quarter of 2024, our oil, natural gas and NGL sales, excluding the effect of settled commodity derivatives, was $561.0 million, compared to $416.5 million in the second quarter of 2023. This 35% increase was driven by a 36% increase in production volumes, partially offset by a 1% decrease in realized prices.

We add production through drilling success as we place new wells into production and through additions from acquisitions, which is offset by the natural decline of our oil and natural gas production from existing wells. Acquisitions were a significant driver of our 36% increase in production levels in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Commodity Derivative Instruments

We enter into commodity derivative instruments to manage the price risk attributable to future oil and natural gas production. Our gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net, was a loss of $3.4 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to a gain of $57.8 million in the second quarter of 2023. Gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net, is comprised of (i) cash gains and losses we recognize on settled commodity derivative instruments during the period, and (ii) unsettled gains and losses we incur on commodity derivative instruments outstanding at period-end.

For the second quarter of 2024, we realized a gain on settled commodity derivatives of $8.9 million, compared to a $27.3 million gain in the second quarter of 2023. The decreased gain on settled derivatives was primarily due to higher average oil NYMEX pricing in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Unsettled commodity derivative gains and losses was a loss of $12.3 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to a gain of $30.5 million in the second quarter of 2023. Our derivatives are not designated for hedge accounting and are accounted for using the mark-to-market accounting method whereby gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized immediately into earnings. Mark-to-market accounting treatment creates volatility in our revenues as gains and losses from unsettled derivatives are included in total revenues and are not included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying balance sheets. As commodity prices increase or decrease, such changes will have an opposite effect on the mark-to-market value of our commodity derivatives. Any gains on our unsettled commodity derivatives are expected to be offset by lower wellhead revenues in the future, while any losses are expected to be offset by higher future wellhead revenues based on the value at the settlement date. At June 30, 2024, all of our derivative contracts are recorded at their fair value, which was a net liability of $206.1 million, a change of $170.0 million from the $36.2 million net liability recorded as of December 31, 2023. The increase in liability at June 30, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 was primarily due to changes in forward commodity prices relative to prices on our open commodity derivative contracts since December 31, 2023. Our open commodity derivative contracts are summarized in “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Commodity Price Risk.”

Production Expenses

Production expenses were $100.9 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to $84.4 million in the second quarter of 2023. On a per unit basis, production expenses were $8.99 per Boe in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $10.20 per Boe in the second quarter of 2023. The lower production expenses per Boe was driven by lower repair and maintenance costs and lower firm transport costs in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. On an absolute dollar basis, the increase in our production expenses in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023 was primarily due to a 36% increase in production volumes and a 16% increase in the total number of net producing wells.

Production Taxes

We pay production taxes based on realized oil and natural gas sales. Production taxes were $48.6 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to $37.1 million in the second quarter of 2023. As a percentage of oil and natural gas sales, our production taxes were 8.7% and 8.9% in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fluctuation in our average production tax rate from year to year is primarily due to changes in our oil sales as a percentage of our total oil and gas sales as well as the mix of our production by basin. Oil sales are taxed at a higher rate than natural gas sales.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $13.5 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $12.4 million in the second quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in non-cash compensation expense and $0.4 million increase in professional fees and other, offset by a $1.5 million decrease in acquisition-related costs in the second quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2023.

Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion (“DD&A”) was $176.6 million in the second quarter of 2024, compared to $106.4 million in the second quarter of 2023. Depletion expense, the largest component of DD&A, increased by $70.0 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. The aggregate increase in depletion expense was driven by a 36% increase in production levels and a 23% increase in the depletion rate per Boe. On a per unit basis, depletion expense was $15.64 per Boe in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $12.76 per Boe in the second quarter of 2023. The higher depletion rate per Boe was primarily driven by a significant increase to our depletable base, due to the closing of several larger acquisitions in 2023 and 2024 (see Note 3 to our condensed financial statements). Depreciation, amortization and accretion was $1.1 million and $0.9 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes DD&A expense per Boe for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Depletion	$	15.64	$	12.76	$	2.88	23	%
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	0.09		0.11		(0.02)		(18)	%
Total DD&A Expense	$	15.73	$	12.87	$	2.86	22	%

Interest Expense

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, was $37.7 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared to $32.0 million in the second quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher levels of debt outstanding during the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. Additionally, higher interest rates on our floating rate debt contributed to higher interest expense in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023.

Income Tax

During the second quarter of 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $42.7 million which equated to an effective tax rate of 23.6%. During the second quarter of 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $39.0 million which equated to an effective tax rate of 18.9%.

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Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		% Change
Net Production:
Oil (Bbl)	12,724,209		9,828,935		29	%
Natural Gas (Mcf)	56,211,526		37,833,498		49	%
Total (Boe)	22,092,797		16,134,518		37	%

Net Sales (in thousands):
Oil Sales	$	954,369	$	709,213	35	%
Natural Gas and NGL Sales	138,697		133,513		4	%
Gain on Settled Commodity Derivatives	28,012		40,935		(32)	%
Gain (Loss) on Unsettled Commodity Derivatives	(169,972)		170,490
Other Revenue	6,006		4,619		30	%
Total Revenues	957,113		1,058,769		(10)	%

Average Sales Prices:
Oil (per Bbl)	$	75.00	$	72.16	4	%
Effect of Gain (Loss) on Settled Oil Derivatives on Average Price (per Bbl)	(1.57)		0.06
Oil Net of Settled Oil Derivatives (per Bbl)	73.43		72.22		2	%

Natural Gas and NGLs (per Mcf)	$	2.47	$	3.53	(30)	%
Effect of Gain on Settled Natural Gas Derivatives on Average Price (per Mcf)	0.85		1.07		(21)	%
Natural Gas and NGLs Net of Settled Natural Gas Derivatives (per Mcf)	3.32		4.60		(28)	%

Realized Price on a Boe Basis Excluding Settled Commodity Derivatives	$	49.48	$	52.23	(5)	%
Effect of Gain on Settled Commodity Derivatives on Average Price (per Boe)	1.27		2.54		(50)	%
Realized Price on a Boe Basis Including Settled Commodity Derivatives	50.75		54.77		(7)	%

Operating Expenses (in thousands):
Production Expenses	$	206,306	$	162,438	27	%
Production Taxes	99,799		72,056		39	%
General and Administrative Expenses	24,931		25,402		(2)	%
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	350,570		201,045		74	%
Other Expense	4,251		2,447		74	%

Costs and Expenses (per Boe):
Production Expenses	$	9.34	$	10.07	(7)	%
Production Taxes	4.52		4.47		1	%
General and Administrative Expenses	1.13		1.57		(28)	%
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	15.87		12.46		27	%

Net Producing Wells at Period End	1,015.2		872.8		16	%

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Oil and Natural Gas Sales

In the first six months of 2024, our oil, natural gas and NGL sales, excluding the effect of settled commodity derivatives, was $1,093.1 million, compared to $842.7 million in the first six months of 2023. This 30% increase was driven by a 37% increase in production volumes, partially offset by a 5% decrease in realized prices. The lower average realized price in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was driven by a $1.06 per Mcf (or 30%) decrease in realized natural gas and NGL prices, excluding the effect of settled commodity derivatives, and a higher average oil price differential. Oil price differential during the first six months of 2024 was $3.81 per barrel, as compared to $2.66 per barrel in the first six months of 2023.

We add production through drilling success as we place new wells into production and through additions from acquisitions, which is offset by the natural decline of our oil and natural gas production from existing wells. Acquisitions were a significant driver of our 37% increase in production levels in the first six months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Commodity Derivative Instruments

We enter into commodity derivative instruments to manage the price risk attributable to future oil and natural gas production. Our gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net, was a loss of $142.0 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to a gain of $211.4 million in the first six months of 2023. Gain (loss) on commodity derivatives, net, is comprised of (i) cash gains and losses we recognize on settled commodity derivative instruments during the period, and (ii) unsettled gains and losses we incur on commodity derivative instruments outstanding at period-end.

For the first six months of 2024, we realized a gain on settled commodity derivatives of $28.0 million, compared to a $40.9 million gain in the first six months of 2023. The decrease in the gain on settled derivatives was primarily due to higher average NYMEX oil price in the first six months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Unsettled commodity derivative gains and losses was a loss of $170.0 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to a gain of $170.5 million in the first six months of 2023. Our derivatives are not designated for hedge accounting and are accounted for using the mark-to-market accounting method whereby gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized immediately into earnings. Mark-to-market accounting treatment creates volatility in our revenues as gains and losses from unsettled derivatives are included in total revenues and are not included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying balance sheets. As commodity prices increase or decrease, such changes will have an opposite effect on the mark-to-market value of our commodity derivatives. Any gains on our unsettled commodity derivatives are expected to be offset by lower wellhead revenues in the future, while any losses are expected to be offset by higher future wellhead revenues based on the value at the settlement date. At June 30, 2024, all of our derivative contracts are recorded at their fair value, which was a net liability of $206.1 million, a change of $170.0 million from the $36.2 million net liability recorded as of December 31, 2023. The increase in liability at June 30, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 was primarily due to changes in forward commodity prices relative to prices on our open commodity derivative contracts since December 31, 2023. Our open commodity derivative contracts are summarized in “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Commodity Price Risk.”

Production Expenses

Production expenses were $206.3 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to $162.4 million in the first six months of 2023. On a per unit basis, production expenses were $9.34 per Boe in the first six months of 2024 compared to $10.07 per Boe in the first six months of 2023. The lower production expenses per Boe was driven by decreased repair and maintenance costs and firm transport expenses in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. On an absolute dollar basis, the increase in our production expenses in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023 was primarily due to a 37% increase in production volumes and a 16% increase in the total number of net producing wells.

Production Taxes

We pay production taxes based on realized oil and natural gas sales. Production taxes were $99.8 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to $72.1 million in the first six months of 2023. As a percentage of oil and natural gas sales, our production taxes were 9.1% and 8.6% in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fluctuation in our average production tax rate from year to year is primarily due to changes in our oil sales as a percentage of our total oil and gas sales as well as the mix of our production by basin. Oil sales are taxed at a higher rate than natural gas sales.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $24.9 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $25.4 million in the first six months of 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.2 million decrease in acquisition-related costs in the first six months of 2024 as compared to the first six months of 2023, offset by a $2.0 million increase in non-cash compensation expense and $0.7 million increase in professional fees and other.

Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion

Depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion (“DD&A”) was $350.6 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to $201.0 million in the first six months of 2023. Depletion expense, the largest component of DD&A, increased by $149.2 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. The aggregate increase in depletion expense was driven by a 37% increase in production levels and a 28% increase in the depletion rate per Boe. On a per unit basis, depletion expense was $15.77 per Boe in the first six months of 2024 compared to $12.35 per Boe in the first six months of 2023. The higher depletion rate per Boe was primarily driven by a significant increase to our depletable base, due to the closing of several larger acquisitions in 2023 and 2024 (see Note 3 to our condensed financial statements). Depreciation, amortization and accretion was $2.1 million and $1.8 million in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes DD&A expense per Boe for the first six months of 2024 and 2023:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Depletion	$	15.77	$	12.35	$	3.42	28	%
Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion	0.10		0.11		(0.01)		(9)	%
Total DD&A Expense	$	15.87	$	12.46	$	3.41	27	%

Interest Expense

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest, was $75.6 million in the first six months of 2024 compared to $62.1 million in the first six months of 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher levels of debt outstanding during the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023. Additionally, higher interest rates on our floating rate debt contributed to higher interest expense in the first six months of 2024 compared to the first six months of 2023.

Income Tax

During the first six months of 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $45.6 million which equated to an effective tax rate of 23.3%. During the first six months of 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $39.7 million which equated to an effective tax rate of 7.2%. The difference was due primarily to the release of our valuation allowance in the second quarter of 2023.

On August 16, 2022, the U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act which included the adoption of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, which is based on financial statement book income of large corporations. In 2024, the Company is not subject to the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our main sources of liquidity and capital resources as of the date of this report have been internally generated cash flow from operations, proceeds from equity and debt financings, credit facility borrowings and cash settlements of commodity derivative instruments. Our primary uses of capital have been for the acquisition, development and operation of our oil and natural gas properties, cash settlements of commodity derivative instruments and for stockholder returns. We continually monitor potential capital sources for opportunities to enhance liquidity or otherwise improve our financial position.

In January 2024, we completed the Delaware Acquisition for total cash consideration of $147.8 million (see Note 3 to our condensed financial statements).

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In June 2024, we entered into definitive agreements to jointly acquire, together with SM Energy Company (“SM”), the Uinta Basin oil and gas assets of XCL Resources, LLC and its affiliates (“XCL”). Pursuant to the agreements, we have agreed to acquire a 20% undivided interest in XCL’s assets for a purchase price of $510.0 million in cash, subject to certain customary purchase price adjustments (the “XCL Acquisition”), and SM has agreed to acquire the remaining 80% undivided interest in the assets. In connection with signing of the XCL Acquisition, we placed a $25.5 million deposit in escrow. We expect to fund the remaining cash consideration for the XCL Acquisition with cash flow from operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. The XCL Acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

In July 2024, we entered into definitive agreements to jointly acquire, together with Vital Energy, Inc. (“Vital”), the Permian Midland Basin oil and gas assets of parties affiliated with Point Energy Partners, LLC (“Point”). Pursuant to the agreements, we have agreed to acquire a 20% undivided interest in Point’s assets for a purchase price of $220.0 million in cash, subject to certain customary purchase price adjustments (the “Point Acquisition”), and Vital has agreed to acquire the remaining 80% undivided interest in the assets. In connection with signing of the Point Acquisition, we placed a $22.0 million deposit in escrow. We expect to fund the remaining cash consideration for the Point Acquisition with cash flow from operations and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. The Point Acquisition is expected to close late in the third quarter of 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased and retired 1,444,432 shares of our common stock for total consideration of $54.9 million, or an average price of $37.99 per share.

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding total debt of $1,903.1 million consisting of $198.0 million of borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, $705.1 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due 2028, $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due 2031, and $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes.

As of June 30, 2024, we had total liquidity of $1.3 billion, consisting of $1.3 billion of committed borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility and $7.8 million of cash on hand.

One of the primary sources of variability in our cash flows from operating activities is commodity price volatility. Oil accounted for 87% and 85% of our total oil and gas sales in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a result, our operating cash flows are more sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices than they are to fluctuations in natural gas and NGL prices. We seek to maintain a robust hedging program to mitigate volatility in commodity prices with respect to a portion of our expected production. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we hedged approximately 75% of our crude oil production and approximately 61% of our natural gas production. For a summary as of June 30, 2024, of our open commodity price derivative contracts for future periods, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Part I, Item 3 below.

With our cash on hand, cash flow from operations, and borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, we believe that we will have sufficient cash flow and liquidity to fund our budgeted capital expenditures and operating expenses for at least the next twelve months and, based on current expectations, for the foreseeable future. However, we may seek additional access to capital and liquidity. We cannot assure you, however, that any additional capital will be available to us on favorable terms or at all.

Our recent capital commitments have been to fund acquisitions and development of oil and natural gas properties. We expect to fund our near-term capital requirements and working capital needs with cash flows from operations and available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility. Our capital expenditures could be curtailed if our cash flows decline from expected levels. Because production from existing oil and natural gas wells declines over time, reductions of capital expenditures used to drill and complete new oil and natural gas wells would likely result in lower levels of oil and natural gas production in the future.

Working Capital

Our working capital balance fluctuates as a result of changes in commodity pricing and production volumes, collection of receivables, expenditures related to our development and production operations and the impact of our outstanding derivative instruments.

At June 30, 2024, we had a working capital deficit of $51.9 million, compared to a surplus of $123.6 million at December 31, 2023. Current assets decreased by $95.7 million and current liabilities increased by $79.8 million at June 30,

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2024, compared to December 31, 2023. The decrease in current assets is primarily related to a $56.2 million decrease in the fair value of our derivative instruments as a result of commodity price changes, a $27.5 million decrease in our advances to operators, and a $10.9 million decrease in accounts receivable. The increase in current liabilities is primarily related to a $67.9 million increase in our accrued liabilities and a $53.9 million increase in the fair value of our derivative instruments as a result of commodity price changes, partially offset by a $42.5 million decrease in our accounts payable.

Cash Flows

Cash flows from operations are primarily affected by production volumes and commodity prices, net of the effects of settlements of our derivative contracts, and by changes in working capital. Any interim cash needs are funded by cash on hand, cash flows from operations or borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. We typically enter into commodity derivative transactions covering a substantial, but varying, portion of our anticipated future oil and gas production for the next 12 to 36 months. Our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented below:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, unaudited)	2024		2023
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	732,624	$	577,094
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(630,255)		(871,380)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities	(102,786)		306,564
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash	$	(417)	$	12,278

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $732.6 million, compared to $577.1 million in the same period of the prior year. This increase was due to significantly higher production volumes, offset by lower realized natural gas prices (including the effect of settled derivatives) and higher operating costs. Net cash provided by operating activities is affected by working capital changes or the timing of cash receipts and disbursements. Changes in working capital and other items (as reflected in our statements of cash flows) in the six months ended June 30, 2024 was a surplus of $6.0 million compared to a surplus of $0.5 million in the same period of the prior year.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were $630.3 million and $871.4 million, respectively. The decrease in cash used in investing activities for the first six months of 2024 as compared to the same period of 2023 was attributable to a $240.7 million decrease in our capital expenditures for oil and natural gas properties spending. Additionally, the amount of capital expenditures included in accounts payable (and thus not included in cash flows from investing activities) was $263.0 million and $242.6 million at June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our cash flows used in investing activities reflects actual cash spending, which can lag several months from when the related costs were incurred. As a result, our actual cash spending is not always reflective of current levels of development activity. For instance, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, our capitalized costs incurred, excluding non-cash consideration, for oil and natural gas properties (e.g., drilling and completion costs, acquisitions, and other capital expenditures) amounted to $683.8 million, while the actual cash spend in this regard amounted to $630.2 million.

Development and acquisition activities are discretionary. We monitor our capital expenditures on a regular basis, adjusting the amount up or down, and between projects, depending on projected commodity prices, cash flows and returns. Our cash spend for development and acquisition activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the following table:

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions, unaudited)	2024		2023
Drilling and Development Capital Expenditures	$	459.9	$	349.4
Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	168.6		519.8
Other Capital Expenditures	1.7		1.7
Total	$	630.2	$	870.9

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used for financing activities was $102.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $306.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, cash used for financing activities was primarily related to $80.3 million of common stock dividend payments and $54.9 million in repurchases of common stock, which was partially offset by $37.0 million of net advances under our Revolving Credit Facility. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash provided by financing activities was primarily related to the issuance of the Senior Notes due 2031 of $492.8 million and the issuance of common stock of $224.7 million, partially offset by $319.0 million of net payments under our Revolving Credit Facility, $54.4 million of common stock dividend payments, $18.4 million in repurchases of our Senior Notes due 2028, and $8.0 million in repurchases of common stock.

Revolving Credit Facility

We have entered into a Revolving Credit Facility with Wells Fargo Bank, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The Revolving Credit Facility is subject to a borrowing base with maximum loan value to be assigned to the proved reserves attributable to our oil and gas properties. As of June 30, 2024, the Revolving Credit Facility had a borrowing base of $1.8 billion and an elected commitment amount of $1.5 billion, and we had $198.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the facility, leaving $1.3 billion in available committed borrowing capacity. See Note 4 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding the Revolving Credit Facility.

Senior Notes due 2028

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding $705.1 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due 2028. See Note 4 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding the Senior Notes due 2028.

Senior Notes due 2031

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due 2031. See Note 4 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding the Senior Notes due 2031.

Convertible Notes due 2029

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes. See Note 4 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding the Convertible Notes.

Effects of Inflation and Pricing

The oil and natural gas industry is very cyclical and the demand for goods and services of oil field companies, suppliers and others associated with the industry put extreme pressure on the economic stability and pricing structure within the industry. Typically, as prices for oil and natural gas increase, so do all associated costs. Conversely, in a period of declining prices, associated cost declines are likely to lag and may not adjust downward in proportion. Material changes in prices also impact our current revenue stream, estimates of future reserves, borrowing base calculations of bank loans, impairment assessments of oil and natural gas properties, and values of properties in purchase and sale transactions. Material changes in prices can impact the value of oil and natural gas companies and their ability to raise capital, borrow money and retain personnel. Based on current conditions and expectations, we are not budgeting for any significant change in per well drilling and completion and other associated costs in 2024 compared to 2023.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Please see our disclosure of contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2023, included in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates include impairment testing of natural gas and crude oil production properties, derivative instruments and hedging activity, and income taxes. There were no material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

A description of our critical accounting policies, including estimates, was provided in Note 2 to our financial statements provided in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk for changes in commodity prices and interest rates are included in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and, except as set forth below, have not materially changed since that report was filed.

Commodity Price Risk

The price we receive for our oil and natural gas production heavily influences our revenue, profitability, access to capital and future rate of growth. Oil and natural gas are commodities and, therefore, their prices are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand and other factors. Historically, the markets for oil and natural gas have been volatile, and we believe these markets will likely continue to be volatile in the future. The prices we receive for our production depend on numerous factors beyond our control. Our revenue generally would have increased or decreased along with any increases or decreases in oil or natural gas prices, but the exact impact on our income is indeterminable given the variety of expenses associated with producing and selling oil that also increase and decrease along with oil prices.

We enter into derivative contracts to achieve a more predictable cash flow by reducing our exposure to commodity price volatility. All derivative positions are carried at their fair value on the balance sheet and are marked-to-market at the end of each period. Any realized gains and losses on settled derivatives, as well as mark-to-market gains or losses, are aggregated and recorded to gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the statements of operations rather than as a component of other comprehensive income or other income (expense).

We generally use derivatives to economically hedge a significant, but varying portion of our anticipated future production. Any payments due to counterparties under our derivative contracts are funded by proceeds received from the sale of our production. Production receipts, however, lag payments to the counterparties. Any interim cash needs are funded by cash from operations or borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.

The following table summarizes our open crude oil derivative contracts as of June 30, 2024, by fiscal quarter.

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Crude Oil Contracts
	Swaps(1)			Collars
Settlement Period	Volume (Bbls)	Weighted Average Price ($/Bbl)		Volume Ceiling (Bbls)	Volume Floor (Bbls)	Weighted Average Ceiling Price ($/Bbl)		Weighted Average Floor Price ($/Bbl)

2024:


Q3	2,909,096	$	75.28	1,725,056	1,573,256	$	80.90	$	71.23
Q4	2,527,109	74.09		1,758,749	1,584,800	81.08		71.03
2025:
Q1	2,097,749	$	75.10	1,088,286	809,849	$	79.20	$	69.86
Q2	1,919,133	74.37		819,171	563,233	78.15		69.57
Q3	1,150,394	72.73		786,994	529,970	78.36		69.79
Q4	1,112,411	72.28		760,511	503,487	78.76		69.82
2026:
Q1	353,726	$	71.96	380,726	264,289	$	75.28	$	68.89
Q2	357,657	71.91		384,957	267,227	75.28		68.89
Q3	361,587	71.86		389,187	270,163	75.28		68.89
Q4	361,587	71.79		389,187	270,163	75.28		68.89

_____________

(1)This table does not include volumes subject to swaptions and call options, which are crude oil derivative contracts we have entered into which may increase our swapped volumes at the option of our counterparties. This table also does not include basis swaps. See Note 10 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding our commodity derivatives, including the swaptions and call options that are not included in the foregoing table.

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The following table summarizes our open natural gas derivative contracts as of June 30, 2024, by fiscal quarter.


Natural Gas Contracts
	Swaps(1)			Collars
Contract Period	Volume (MMBTU)	Weighted Average Price ($/MMBTU)		Volume Ceiling (MMBTU)	Volume Floor (MMBTU)	Weighted Average Ceiling Price ($/MMBTU)		Weighted Average Floor Price ($/MMBTU)

2024:


Q3	10,860,457	$	3.49	7,360,000	7,360,000	$	4.37	$	3.05
Q4	7,717,909	3.49		9,096,586	9,096,586	4.63		3.07
2025:
Q1	1,485,000	$	3.61	9,196,417	9,196,417	$	5.10	$	3.13
Q2	920,000	3.60		8,771,297	8,771,297	4.81		3.13
Q3	920,000	3.60		8,407,569	8,407,569	4.84		3.13
Q4	760,000	3.52		7,618,723	7,618,723	4.95		3.12
2026:
Q1	450,000	$	3.20	5,828,249	5,828,249	$	5.06	$	3.09
Q2	460,000	3.20		6,024,706	6,024,706	5.06		3.09
Q3	460,000	3.20		6,024,706	6,024,706	5.06		3.09
Q4	455,000	3.20		4,304,642	4,304,642	4.97		3.09
2027:
Q1	155,000	$	3.20	890,000	890,000	$	3.83	$	3.00
Q2	—	—		920,000	920,000	3.83		3.00
Q3	—	—		920,000	920,000	3.83		3.00
Q4	—	—		610,000	610,000	3.83		3.00

_____________

(1)This table does not include volumes subject to swaptions and call options, which are natural gas derivative contracts we have entered into which may increase our swapped volumes at the option of our counterparties. This table also does not include basis swaps. See Note 10 to our condensed financial statements for further details regarding our commodity derivatives, including the call options and basis swaps that are not included in the foregoing table.

Interest Rate Risk

Our long-term debt as of June 30, 2024 was comprised of borrowings that contain fixed and floating interest rates. Our Senior Notes due 2028, Senior Notes due 2031, and Convertible Notes bear cash interest at fixed rates. Our Revolving Credit Facility interest rate is a floating rate option that is designated by us within the parameters established by the underlying agreement (see Note 4 to our condensed financial statements).

From time to time, the Company may use interest rate swaps to effectively convert a portion of its variable rate indebtedness to fixed rate indebtedness. As of June 30, 2024, we had no interest rate swaps.

Changes in interest rates can impact results of operations and cash flows. A 1% increase in short-term interest rates on our floating-rate debt outstanding at June 30, 2024 would cost us approximately $2.0 million in additional annual interest expense.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of June 30, 2024, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, had evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon and as of the date of the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified periods and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure of material information required to be included in our periodic SEC reports. Based on the foregoing, our management determined that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Our Company is subject from time to time to litigation claims and governmental and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the period ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company, or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) of our common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2024.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Month #1
April 1, 2024 to April 30, 2024	—	$	—	—	$ 67.5 million
Month #2
May 1, 2024 to May 31, 2024	375,191	$	39.99	375,191	$ 52.5 million
Month #3
June 1, 2024 to June 30, 2024	519,885	$	38.21	519,885	$ 32.6 million
Total	895,076	$	38.96	895,076	$ 32.6 million

______________

(1)In May 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved and the Company promptly announced a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150 million of shares of our outstanding common stock. In July 2024, the Company’s board of directors terminated the prior stock repurchase program, which was substantially depleted, and approved and promptly announced a new stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase program allows the Company to repurchase its shares from time to time in the open market, block transactions and in negotiated transactions.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information.

(a) None.

(b) None.

Name (Title)

Action

Date

Trading Arrangement

Total Shares to be Sold

Expiration Date

Rule 10b5-1*

Non-Rule 10b5-1**

Nicholas O’Grady (CEO)

Adopt

May 24, 2024

25,000

August 22, 2025

Adam Dirlam (President)

Adopt

May 30, 2024

25,008

July 31, 2025

Chad Allen (CFO)

Adopt

May 31, 2024

12,000

July 31, 2025

Erik Romslo (CLO)

Adopt

May 20, 2024

15,000

June 30, 2025

* Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

** Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.

Description

Reference

2.1*

Acquisition and Cooperation Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2024, by and between SM Energy Company and Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to SM Energy Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31539) filed with the SEC on June 28, 2024

2.2*

Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2024, by and among XCL AssetCo, LLC, XCL Marketing, LLC, Wasatch Water Logistics, LLC, XCL Resources, LLC and XCL SandCo, LLC, as seller, SM Energy Company, as purchaser, and Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (solely for the purposes of ratifying certain provisions therein)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to SM Energy Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31539) filed with the SEC on June 28, 2024

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc., dated August 24, 2018

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 27, 2018

3.2

Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc., dated September 18, 2020

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 24, 2020

3.3

Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc., dated May 23, 2024

Filed herewith

3.4

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 20, 2023

10.1

Third Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among Northern Oil and Gas, Inc., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, dated April 29, 2024.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2024

31.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

31.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

32.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document

Filed herewith

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Filed herewith

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

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101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Filed herewith

104

The cover page from Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

Filed herewith

* Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

Date:

July 31, 2024

By:

/s/ Nicholas O’Grady

Nicholas O’Grady, Chief Executive Officer
(on behalf of Registrant)

Date:

July 31, 2024

By:

/s/ Chad Allen

Chad Allen, Chief Financial Officer and principal financial and accounting officer
(on behalf of Registrant)

Exhibit 3.3

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

The undersigned, Erik J. Romslo, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), hereby certifies as follows:

FIRST: The name of the Corporation is Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.

SECOND: This Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the DGCL. The Board of Directors of the Corporation has duly adopted resolutions setting forth and declaring advisable this Amendment and, at the meeting of the stockholders called and held upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the DGCL for the purpose of voting on the Amendment, the votes cast for the Amendment exceeded the votes cast against the Amendment.

THIRD: The Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended by amending and restating Section 1 of Article Four to be and read as follows:

“Section 1 Authorized Shares. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock that the Corporation has authority to issue is 275,000,000 shares, consisting of:

(a)5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”); and

(b)270,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”).

The Preferred Stock and the Common Stock shall have the rights, preferences and limitations set forth below.”

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this amendment on behalf of the Corporation and has attested such execution and does verify and affirm, under penalty of perjury, that this amendment is the act and deed of the Corporation and that the facts stated herein are true as of this 23rd day of May, 2024.


			NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.

			By:			/s/ Erik J. Romslo
			Name:			Erik J. Romslo
			Title:			Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Nicholas O’Grady certify that:


1.			I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.;


2.			Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.			Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


			a)			Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and


			b)			Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and


			c)			Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


			d)			Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;


5.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


			a)			All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


			b)			Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Dated: July 31, 2024			By: /s/ Nicholas O’Grady
			Nicholas O’Grady Principal Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Chad Allen certify that:


1.			I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc.;


2.			Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.			Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


			a)			Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; and


			b)			Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and


			c)			Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


			d)			Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;


5.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


			a)			All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and


			b)			Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Dated: July 31, 2024			By: /s/ Chad Allen
			Chad Allen Principal Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Northern Oil and Gas, Inc., (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, (the “Report”), the undersigned officers of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Dated: July 31, 2024			By: /s/ Nicholas O’Grady
			Nicholas O’Grady Principal Executive Officer


Dated: July 31, 2024			By: /s/ Chad Allen
			Chad Allen Principal Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

COVER - shares	6 Months Ended
COVER - shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Jul. 26, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33999
Entity Registrant Name	NORTHERN OIL AND GAS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-3848122
Entity Address, Address Line One	4350 Baker Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 400
Entity Address, City or Town	Minnetonka
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	55343
City Area Code	952
Local Phone Number	476-9800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	NOG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		100,172,478
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Central Index Key	0001104485

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 7,778	$ 8,195
Accounts Receivable, Net	359,649	370,531
Advances to Operators	21,685	49,210
Prepaid Expenses and Other	2,651	2,489
Derivative Instruments	19,569	75,733
Income Tax Receivable	2,335	3,249
Total Current Assets	413,667	509,407
Oil and Natural Gas Properties, Full Cost Method of Accounting
Proved	9,111,493	8,428,518
Unproved	37,654	36,785
Other Property and Equipment	8,146	8,069
Total Property and Equipment	9,157,293	8,473,372
Less – Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Impairment	(4,891,014)	(4,541,808)
Total Property and Equipment, Net	4,266,279	3,931,563
Derivative Instruments	4,107	10,725
Acquisition Deposit	25,500	17,094
Other Noncurrent Assets, Net	15,111	15,466
Total Assets	4,724,664	4,484,255
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable	150,145	192,672
Accrued Liabilities	215,833	147,943
Accrued Interest	26,804	26,219
Derivative Instruments	70,726	16,797
Other Current Liabilities	2,061	2,130
Total Current Liabilities	465,569	385,761
Long-term Debt, Net	1,874,909	1,835,554
Deferred Tax Liability	112,870	68,488
Derivative Instruments	159,091	105,831
Asset Retirement Obligations	41,409	38,203
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	2,509	2,741
Total Liabilities	2,656,357	2,436,578
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock, Par Value $.001; 270,000,000 Shares Authorized; 100,172,478 Shares Outstanding at 6/30/2024 100,761,148 Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2023	502	503
Additional Paid-In Capital	1,995,432	2,124,963
Retained Earnings (Deficit)	72,373	(77,790)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	2,068,307	2,047,676
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 4,724,664	$ 4,484,255

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2024	May 23, 2024	May 22, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	270,000,000	270,000,000	135,000,000	270,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	100,172,478			100,761,148

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Revenues
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	Oil and Gas Sales, Other Revenues	Oil and Gas Sales, Other Revenues	Oil and Gas Sales, Other Revenues	Oil and Gas Sales, Other Revenues
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	$ (3,428)	$ 57,769	$ (141,959)	$ 211,425
Total Revenues	560,766	476,554	957,113	1,058,769
Operating Expenses
Production Expenses	100,859	84,350	206,306	162,438
Production Taxes	48,589	37,138	99,799	72,056
General and Administrative Expenses	13,538	12,402	24,931	25,402
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization, and Accretion	176,612	106,427	350,570	201,045
Other Expenses	2,232	1,446	4,251	2,447
Total Operating Expenses	341,830	241,763	685,857	463,388
Income From Operations	218,936	234,791	271,256	595,380
Other Income (Expense)
Interest Expense, Net of Capitalization	(37,696)	(31,968)	(75,620)	(62,111)
Loss on Unsettled Interest Rate Derivatives, Net	0	0	0	(1,017)
Gain on Extinguishment of Debt, Net	0	0	0	659
Contingent Consideration Gain	0	3,931	0	10,107
Other Income (Expense)	63	72	119	4,691
Total Other Income (Expense)	(37,633)	(27,965)	(75,501)	(47,671)
Income Before Income Taxes	181,303	206,826	195,755	547,709
Income Tax Expense	42,746	39,012	45,592	39,703
Net Income	$ 138,556	$ 167,815	$ 150,163	$ 508,006
Net Income Per Common Share – Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 1.89	$ 1.50	$ 5.85
Net Income Per Common Share - Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.36	$ 1.88	$ 1.47	$ 5.82
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic (in shares)	100,266,462	88,800,994	100,354,467	86,869,094
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding - Diluted (in shares)	101,985,074	89,108,519	101,810,603	87,268,591
Oil and Gas Sales
Revenues
Oil and Gas Sales	$ 561,025	$ 416,491	$ 1,093,066	$ 842,725
Other Revenues
Revenues
Oil and Gas Sales	$ 3,169	$ 2,294	$ 6,006	$ 4,619

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 150,163	$ 508,006
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Depletion, Depreciation, Amortization, and Accretion	350,570	201,045
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs	4,586	3,650
Gain on Extinguishment of Debt	0	(659)
Amortization of Bond Premium/Discount on Long-term Debt	(568)	(901)
Deferred Income Taxes	44,382	38,813
Unrealized (Gain) Loss of Derivative Instruments	169,972	(169,473)
Gain on Contingent Consideration	0	(10,107)
Stock-Based Compensation Expense	5,301	3,190
Other	2,229	2,983
Changes in Working Capital and Other Items:
Accounts Receivable, Net	12,190	6,688
Prepaid and Other Expenses	(164)	(473)
Accounts Payable	(398)	(15,514)
Accrued Interest	575	4,401
Accrued Liabilities and Expenses	(6,214)	5,445
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	732,624	577,094
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties	(604,679)	(833,377)
Acquisition Deposit	(25,500)	(37,500)
Purchases of Other Property and Equipment	(76)	(503)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(630,255)	(871,380)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Advances on Revolving Credit Facility	246,000	380,000
Repayments on Revolving Credit Facility	(209,000)	(699,000)
Repurchase of Senior Notes Due 2028	0	(18,436)
Issuance of Senior Notes	0	492,840
Debt Issuance Costs Paid	(1,875)	(8,524)
Issuance of Common Stock	0	224,682
Repurchases of Common Stock	(54,877)	(8,004)
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(2,712)	(2,616)
Common Dividends Paid	(80,322)	(54,377)
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities	(102,786)	306,564
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(417)	12,278
Cash and Cash Equivalents - Beginning of Period	8,195	2,528
Cash and Cash Equivalents - End of Period	$ 7,778	$ 14,805

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In	Retained Earnings
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		85,165,807	0
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 745,260	$ 487	$ 0	$ 1,745,532	$ (1,000,759)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)		193,293
Restricted Stock Forfeitures (in shares)		(6,854)
Restricted Stock Forfeitures	(54)			(54)
Share Based Compensation	2,316			2,316
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations (in shares)		(98,052)
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(2,616)			(2,616)
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants (in shares)		403,780
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)		(287,751)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(8,004)			(8,004)
Common Stock Dividends Declared	(29,026)			(29,026)
Net Income	340,191				340,191
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		85,370,223	0
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	1,048,067	$ 487	$ 0	1,708,147	(660,568)
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		85,165,807	0
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	745,260	$ 487	$ 0	1,745,532	(1,000,759)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income	508,006
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		93,022,758	0
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	1,415,797	$ 495	$ 0	1,908,055	(492,753)
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		85,370,223	0
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2023	1,048,067	$ 487	$ 0	1,708,147	(660,568)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)		11,585
Restricted Stock Forfeitures (in shares)		(6,550)
Share Based Compensation	1,207			1,207
Equity offerings, net of issuance costs (in shares)		7,647,500
Equity Offerings, Net of Issuance Costs	224,682	$ 8		224,674
Common Stock Dividends Declared	(34,414)			(34,414)
Deferred Taxes Related to Capped Calls	8,441			8,441
Net Income	167,815				167,815
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		93,022,758	0
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2023	1,415,797	$ 495	$ 0	1,908,055	(492,753)
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		100,761,148	0
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	2,047,676	$ 503	$ 0	2,124,963	(77,790)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)		139,873
Share Based Compensation	2,296			2,296
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations (in shares)		(71,548)
Restricted Stock Surrenders - Tax Obligations	(2,712)			(2,712)
Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties (in shares)		107,657
Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	3,737			3,737
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants (in shares)		656,297
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	0	$ 1		(1)
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)		(549,356)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(20,207)	$ (1)		(20,206)
Common Stock Dividends Declared	(40,418)			(40,418)
Net Income	11,606				11,606
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		101,044,071	0
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2024	2,001,980	$ 503	$ 0	2,067,660	(66,183)
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		100,761,148	0
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	2,047,676	$ 503	$ 0	2,124,963	(77,790)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income	150,163
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		100,172,478	0
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2024	2,068,307	$ 502	$ 0	1,995,432	72,373
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		101,044,071	0
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2024	2,001,980	$ 503	$ 0	2,067,660	(66,183)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Common Stock (in shares)		23,907
Restricted Stock Forfeitures (in shares)		(424)
Restricted Stock Forfeitures	(2)			(2)
Share Based Compensation	3,058			3,058
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)		(895,076)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(35,218)	$ (1)		(35,217)
Common Stock Dividends Declared	(40,067)			(40,067)
Net Income	138,556				138,556
Balance at end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		100,172,478	0
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 2,068,307	$ 502	$ 0	$ 1,995,432	$ 72,373

ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS	6 Months Ended
ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS	Jun. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS	ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS Northern Oil and Gas, Inc. (the “Company,” “Northern,” “our” and words of similar import), a Delaware corporation, is an independent energy company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas properties in the United States, primarily in the Williston Basin, the Permian Basin and the Appalachian Basin. The Company’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NOG”. The Company’s principal business is crude oil and natural gas exploration, development, and production with operations in the United States. The Company’s primary strategy is investing in non-operated minority working and mineral interests in oil and gas properties, with a core area of focus in three premier basins within the United States.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Use of Estimates

Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosure.

Revenue Recognition


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024								Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	228,692	$	259,800	$	198	$	488,690	$	221,790	$	132,045	$	—	$	353,834
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	35,239		27,408		9,688		72,335		32,953		23,363		6,341		62,657
Other	—		3,169		—		3,169		—		2,294		—		2,294
Total	$	263,931	$	290,377	$	9,886	$	564,194	$	254,743	$	157,702	$	6,341	$	418,785


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024								Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	450,067	$	503,980	$	323	$	954,369	$	434,513	$	274,700	$	—	$	709,213
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	60,282		56,779		21,636		138,697		65,376		46,467		21,670		133,513
Other	—		6,006		—		6,006		—		4,619		—		4,619
Total	$	510,349	$	566,765	$	21,959	$	1,099,073	$	499,889	$	325,785	$	21,670	$	847,343

Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks

Net Income Per Common Share

The reconciliation of the denominators used to calculate basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	138,556	$	167,815	$	150,163	$	508,006




Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	100,266,462		88,800,994		100,354,467		86,869,094
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Restricted Stock and Common Stock Warrants	980,385		307,525		1,087,022		399,497
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Convertible Notes	738,227		—		369,114		—
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	101,985,074		89,108,519		101,810,603		87,268,591

Net Income per Common Share:
Basic	$	1.38	$	1.89	$	1.50	$	5.85
Diluted	$	1.36	$	1.88	$	1.47	$	5.82

Shares Excluded from EPS Due to Anti-Dilutive Effect:
Restricted Stock	—		1,324		—		1,934

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following reflects the Company’s supplemental cash flow information:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Supplemental Cash Items:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized	$	71,553	$	59,311
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes	296		891




Non-cash Investing Activities:
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties Included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	262,988		242,593

Capitalized Asset Retirement Obligations	4,074		2,367

Compensation Capitalized on Oil and Gas Properties	52		278
Issuance of Common Stock - Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	3,737		—

Non-cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	23,338		13,328
Common Stock Dividends Declared, But Not Paid	40,064		34,512
Repurchases of Common Stock - Excise Tax	548		—

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Oil and Gas Disclosure [Abstract]

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

2024 Acquisitions

Delaware Acquisition

closing adjustments, the Company decreased its proved oil and natural gas properties and total consideration by $0.4 million subsequent to closing.


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	151,912

Total assets acquired	151,912
Asset retirement obligations	(380)
Net assets acquired	$	151,531

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	147,794
Non-cash consideration	3,737
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	151,531

2023 Acquisitions

During 2023, in addition to the 2023 Bolt-on Acquisitions, the Company acquired oil and natural gas properties through a number of smaller independent transactions for a total of $277.9 million.

MPDC Acquisition


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	320,395

Total assets acquired	320,395
Asset retirement obligations	(451)
Net assets acquired	$	319,944

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	319,944
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	319,944

Forge Acquisition


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	164,925
Unproved oil and natural gas properties	3,892
Total assets acquired	168,817
Asset retirement obligations	(889)
Net assets acquired	$	167,928

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	167,928
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	167,928

Novo Acquisition


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	474,417

Total assets acquired	474,417
Asset retirement obligations	(813)
Accrued Liabilities	(5,168)
Net assets acquired	$	468,436

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	468,436
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	468,436

Pro Forma Information


	Six Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2023
Total Revenues	$	960,063	$	636,733	$	1,350,237
Net Income (Loss)	152,086		295,930		711,735

Unproved Properties

LONG-TERM DEBT

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

LONG-TERM DEBT

The Company’s long-term debt consists of the following:


	June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	198,000	$	—	$	—	$	198,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		7,366		(8,237)		704,237
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(13,002)		486,998
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,159)		(8,167)		485,675
Total	$	1,903,108	$	1,207	$	(29,406)	$	1,874,909

	December 31, 2023
	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	161,000	$	—	$	—	$	161,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		8,376		(9,366)		704,117
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(14,214)		485,786
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,600)		(8,749)		484,651
Total	$	1,866,108	$	1,776	$	(32,330)	$	1,835,554

________________

Revolving Credit Facility

Senior Notes due 2028

Convertible Notes due 2029

Capped Call Transactions

Senior Notes due 2031

COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK	6 Months Ended
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK	Jun. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK	COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK Common Stock On May 23, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to its certificate of incorporation, which was effective upon filing, to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, par value 0.001 per share, from 135,000,000 to 270,000,000, as approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 23, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 100,172,478 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Preferred Stock The Company is authorized to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had zero shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. 2024 Activity Common Stock During the six months ended June 30, 2024, 71,548 shares of common stock were surrendered by certain employees of the Company to cover tax obligations in connection with their restricted stock awards. The total value of these shares was approximately $5.8 million, which is based on the market prices on the dates the shares were surrendered. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 656,297 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of outstanding warrants to purchase common stock, which immediately prior to their cancellation were exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 1,223,963 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $26.3324 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 107,657 shares of its common stock as partial consideration for the Delaware Acquisition (see Note 3). Dividends In February 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend on the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.40 per share. The dividend was paid on April 30, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 28, 2024. In May 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend on the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.40 per share. The dividend was paid on July 31, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 27, 2024. Stock Repurchase Program In May 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. In July 2024, the Company’s board of directors terminated the prior stock repurchase program, which was substantially depleted, and approved a new stock repurchase program to acquire up to $150.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase program allows the Company to repurchase its shares from time to time in the open market, block transactions and in negotiated transactions. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,444,432 shares of its common stock for $55.4 million (including commissions and $0.5 million in excise tax) under the Company’s then current stock repurchase program. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 287,751 shares of its common stock under the same stock repurchase program at a total cost of $8.0 million. The Company’s accounting policy upon the repurchase of shares is to deduct its par value from common stock and to reflect any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from Additional Paid-in Capital. All repurchased shares are included in the Company’s pool of authorized but unissued shares.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS

Stock-Based Compensation

Issuances made pursuant to the 2018 Plan are summarized as follows:

Service-Based RSAs

The following table reflects the outstanding service-based RSAs and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Service-based Awards
	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	497,722	$	27.45
Shares granted	163,780	35.82
Shares forfeited	(424)	35.41
Shares vested	(180,387)	25.88
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	480,691	$	35.41

Performance Equity Awards

The following table reflects the outstanding 2023 TSR Awards and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	2023 TSR Awards
	Number of Units	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	83,710	$	44.49
Units granted	—	—
Units forfeited	—	—
Units vested	—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	83,710	$	44.49


	2022			2023
	TSR Awards			TSR Awards			SARs Awards
Risk-free interest rate	1.69		%	4.23		%	3.92		%
Dividend yield	2.40		%	—		%	4.30		%
Expected volatility	56.94		%	56.40		%	72.30		%
Company’s closing stock price on grant date	$	24.98		$	37.07		$	37.07

Warrants

The following table reflects the outstanding warrants and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Warrants
		Number of Warrants	Weighted-average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		1,223,963	$	26.33
Issued		—	—
Anti-Dilution Adjustments for Common Stock Dividends		—	—
Exercised		—	—
Cancelled		(1,223,963)	26.33
Expired		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		—	$	—

COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES	6 Months Ended
COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES	Jun. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES	COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES Litigation The Company is engaged in various proceedings incidental to the normal course of business. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties, including but not limited to court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental intervention. Based upon the information available to the Company and discussions with legal counsel, it is the Company’s opinion that the outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to its business will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Such matters, however, are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any matter is not predictable with assurance.

INCOME TAXES	6 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES	Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	INCOME TAXES Income tax expense during interim periods is based on applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate to year-to-date income, plus any significant unusual or infrequently occurring items which are recorded in the interim period. The provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 differs from the amount that would be provided by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to pre-tax income primarily due to the non-deductibility of permanent items, state income taxes, and discrete items during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and the recognition of a full valuation allowance during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets (“DTAs”), management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the Company’s DTAs will not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including (i) its earnings history, (ii) its ability to recover net operating loss carry-forwards, (iii) the projected future income and results of operations, and (iv) its ability to use tax planning strategies. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its DTAs will not be realized, the tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance. The Company assesses the appropriateness of its valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The Company’s income tax expense was $42.7 million and $39.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were 23.6% and 18.9%, respectively. The Company’s income tax expense was $45.6 million and $39.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were 23.3% and 7.2%, respectively.

FAIR VALUE

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Assets and Liabilities


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	19,569	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		4,107		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(70,726)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(159,091)		—





Total	$	—	$	(206,141)	$	—


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	75,733	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		10,725		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(16,797)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(105,831)		—






Total	$	—	$	(36,169)	$	—

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximate fair value due to the highly liquid or short-term nature of these instruments.

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT

Commodity Derivative Instruments


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cash Received on Settled Derivatives	$	8,896	$	27,265	$	28,012	$	40,935
Non-Cash Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(12,324)		30,503		(169,972)		170,490
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	$	(3,428)	$	57,769	$	(141,959)	$	211,425

The following table summarizes open commodity derivative positions as of June 30, 2024, for commodity derivatives that were entered into through June 30, 2024, for the settlement period presented:


	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
Oil:
WTI NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	5,436,205		6,279,687		1,434,557		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	74.73	$	73.95	$	71.88	$	—	$	—



WTI NYMEX - Swaptions(1):
Volume (Bbl)	552,000		4,268,075		4,108,995		730,000		640,500
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	78.42	$	72.99	$	67.70	$	75.30	$	70.00
Argus American Crude WTI Midland to WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	3,131,981		4,319,776		2,595,291		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	1.15	$	1.05	$	1.10	$	—	$	—
WTI NYMEX - Call Options(1):
Volume (Bbl)	368,000		4,346,420		4,526,365		3,102,500		366,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	85.00	$	80.36	$	70.65	$	82.94	$	80.00
Brent ICE - Call Options:
Volume (Bbl)	—		—		—		—		316,590
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80.00



WTI NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (Bbl)	3,158,056		2,406,539		1,071,842		—		—
Collar Call Volume (Bbl)	3,483,805		3,454,962		1,544,057		—		—
Weighted-average floor price (Bbl)	$	71.13	$	69.77	$	68.89	$	—	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price (Bbl)	$	80.99	$	78.66	$	75.28	$	—	$	—

Natural Gas:
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	18,578,366		4,085,000		1,825,000		155,000		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.49	$	3.59	$	3.20	$	3.20	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions:
Volume (MMBtu)	—		20,075,000		5,475,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	—	$	3.89	$	4.00	$	—	$	—
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	9,568,000		18,568,000		14,600,000		3,650,000		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.78)	$	—
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	7,360,000		3,650,000		1,825,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.99)	$	(1.01)	$	(1.14)	$	—	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options:
Volume (MMBtu)	3,428,050		12,207,700		3,239,500		35,523,000		6,700,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.82	$	3.73	$	6.00	$	5.97	$	5.50
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Collar Call Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Weighted-average floor price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.06	$	3.12	$	3.09	$	3.00	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price ($/MMBtu)	$	4.51	$	4.93	$	5.04	$	3.83	$	—

______________

Other Information Regarding Derivative Instruments


(In thousands)
Type of Commodity	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2024 Estimated Fair Value		December 31, 2023 Estimated Fair Value
Derivative Assets:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Assets	$	16,555	$	61,323
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Assets	8,171		4,487

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Assets	22,782		36,619
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Assets	4,062		17,964
Commodity Price Put Option Contracts	Current Assets	—		664

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	6,414		16,621
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	7,893		1,874

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	29,645		26,841
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	2,330		3,635

Total Derivative Assets		$	97,852	$	170,029

Derivative Liabilities:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	$	(32,205)	$	(8,079)
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	(4,950)		(6,796)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Current Liabilities	(23,000)		(1,496)

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Liabilities	(26,003)		(14,370)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Liabilities	(16,569)		(31,380)

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(5,252)		(2,288)

Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(4,329)		(8,922)
Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(37,834)		(18,849)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(91,492)		(78,123)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(62,359)		(35,896)
Total Derivative Liabilities		$	(303,993)	$	(206,198)


	Estimated Fair Value at June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	51,571	$	(32,002)	$	19,569
Non-Current Assets	46,282		(42,174)		4,107
Total Derivative Assets	$	97,852	$	(74,176)	$	23,676

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(102,727)	$	32,002	$	(70,726)
Non-Current Liabilities	(201,266)		42,174		(159,091)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(303,993)	$	74,176	$	(229,817)


	Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	121,057	$	(45,324)	$	75,733
Non-Current Assets	48,971		$	(38,246)	10,725
Total Derivative Assets	$	170,029	$	(83,570)	$	86,459

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(62,120)	$	45,324	$	(16,797)
Non-Current Liabilities	(144,077)		38,246		(105,831)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(206,198)	$	83,570	$	(122,628)

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 138,556	$ 11,606	$ 167,815	$ 340,191	$ 150,163	$ 508,006

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

The information required by Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K is included in the table below.

Name (Title)

Action

Date

Trading Arrangement

Total Shares to be Sold

Expiration Date

Rule 10b5-1*

Non-Rule 10b5-1**

Nicholas O’Grady (CEO)

Adopt

May 24, 2024

25,000

August 22, 2025

Adam Dirlam (President)

Adopt

May 30, 2024

25,008

July 31, 2025

Chad Allen (CFO)

Adopt

May 31, 2024

12,000

July 31, 2025

Erik Romslo (CLO)

Adopt

May 20, 2024

15,000

June 30, 2025

* Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

** Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Nicholas O'Grady [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Nicholas O’Grady

Title

CEO

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

May 24, 2024

August 22, 2025

455 days

25,000

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Adam Dirlam

Title

President

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

May 30, 2024

July 31, 2025

427 days

25,008

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Chad Allen

Title

CFO

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

May 31, 2024

July 31, 2025

426 days

12,000

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Name

Erik Romslo

Title

CLO

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

May 20, 2024

June 30, 2025

406 days

15,000

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The financial information included herein is unaudited. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. However, such information includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year. Certain information, accounting policies, and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in this Form 10-Q pursuant to certain rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements under GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, which includes limited control over future development plans as a non-operator, estimates relating to certain crude oil and natural gas revenues and expenses, fair value of derivative instruments, fair value of contingent consideration, acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, impairment of crude oil and natural gas properties, asset retirement obligations and deferred income taxes. Management’s estimates and assumptions were based on historical data and consideration of future market conditions. Given the uncertainty inherent in any projection, actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used, and conditions may change, which could materially affect amounts reported in the unaudited condensed financial statements.
Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires the Company to expand the breadth and frequency of segment disclosures to include additional information about significant segment expenses, the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and other items, and also require the annual disclosures on an interim basis. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the new standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosure.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from its interests in the sale of oil and natural gas production. The Company recognizes revenue from its interests in the sales of crude oil and natural gas in the period that its performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are satisfied when the customer obtains control of the product, when the Company has no further obligations to perform related to the sale, when the transaction price has been determined and when collectability is probable. The sales of oil and natural gas are made under contracts which the third-party operators of the wells have negotiated with customers, which typically include variable consideration that is based on pricing tied to local indices and volumes delivered in the current month. The Company receives payment from the sale of oil and natural gas production from one to three months after delivery. At the end of each month when the performance obligation is satisfied, the variable consideration can be reasonably estimated and amounts due from customers are accrued in trade receivables, net in the balance sheets. Variances between the Company’s estimated revenue and actual payments are recorded in the month the payment is received, however, differences have been and are insignificant. Accordingly, the variable consideration is not constrained. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical exemption, which applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied, and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. The Company’s oil is typically sold at delivery points under contract terms that are common in our industry. The Company’s natural gas produced is delivered by the well operators to various purchasers at agreed upon delivery points under a limited number of contract types that are also common in our industry. Regardless of the contract type, the terms of these contracts compensate the well operators for the value of the oil and natural gas at specified prices, and then the well operators will remit payment to the Company for its share in the value of the oil and natural gas sold. A wellhead imbalance liability equal to the Company’s share is recorded to the extent that the Company’s well operators have sold volumes in excess of its share of remaining reserves in an underlying property. However, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s natural gas production was in balance, meaning its cumulative portion of natural gas production taken and sold from wells in which it has an interest equaled its entitled interest in natural gas production from those wells.
Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks	Concentrations of Market, Credit Risk and Other Risks The future results of the Company’s crude oil and natural gas operations will be affected by the market prices of crude oil and natural gas. The availability of a ready market for crude oil and natural gas products in the future will depend on numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including weather, imports, marketing of competitive fuels, proximity and capacity of crude oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities, any oversupply or undersupply of crude oil, natural gas and liquid products, the regulatory environment, the economic environment, and other regional and political events, none of which can be predicted with certainty. The Company operates in the exploration, development and production sector of the crude oil and natural gas industry. The Company’s receivables include amounts due, indirectly via the third-party operators of the wells, from purchasers of its crude oil and natural gas production. While certain of these customers, as well as third-party operators of the wells, are affected by periodic downturns in the economy in general or in their specific segment of the crude oil or natural gas industry, the Company believes that its level of credit-related losses due to such economic fluctuations have been immaterial. As a non-operator, 100% of the Company’s wells are operated by third-party operating partners. As a result, the Company is highly dependent on the success of these third-party operators. If they are not successful in the exploration, development and production activities relating to the Company’s leasehold interests, or are unable or unwilling to perform, the Company’s financial condition and results of operation could be adversely affected. These risks are heightened in a low commodity price environment, which may present significant challenges to these third-party operators. The Company’s third-party operators will make decisions in connection with their operations that may not be in the Company’s best interests, and the Company may have little or no ability to exercise influence over the operational decisions of its third-party operators. The Company faces concentration risk due to the fact that substantially all of its oil and natural gas revenue is sourced from a limited number of geographic areas of operations. As a result, the Company is disproportionately exposed to risks that affect one or more of those areas in the Williston Basin (North Dakota and Montana), the Permian Basin (New Mexico and Texas), and the Appalachian Basin (Ohio and Pennsylvania). The Company manages and controls market and counterparty credit risk. In the normal course of business, collateral is not required for financial instruments with credit risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash balances and derivative financial instruments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any significant losses from such investments. The Company attempts to limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or company. The Company believes the credit quality of its counterparties is generally high. In the normal course of business, letters of credit or parent guarantees may be required for counterparties which management perceives to have a higher credit risk.
Net Income Per Common Share	Net Income Per Common Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. Potential common shares include shares issuable upon exercise of stock options or warrants and vesting of restricted stock awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (see Note 4). The number of potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock or if-converted method. In those reporting periods in which the Company has reported net income available to common stockholders, anti-dilutive shares generally are comprised of the restricted stock that has average unrecognized stock compensation expense greater than the average stock price. In those reporting periods in which the Company has a net loss, anti-dilutive shares are comprised of the impact of those number of shares that would have been dilutive had the Company had net income plus the number of common stock equivalents that would be anti-dilutive had the company had net income. Restricted stock awards are excluded from the calculation of basic weighted average common shares outstanding until they vest. For restricted stock awards that vest based on achievement of performance and/or market conditions, the number of contingently issuable common shares included in diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on the number of common shares, if any, that would be issuable under the terms of the arrangement if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period, assuming the result would be dilutive.
Fair Value	Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Financial Assets and Liabilities As required, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. Commodity Derivatives. The Level 2 instruments presented in the tables above consist of commodity derivative instruments (see Note 10). The fair value of the Company’s commodity derivative instruments is determined based upon future prices, volatility and time to maturity, among other things. Counterparty statements are utilized to determine the value of the commodity derivative instruments and are reviewed and corroborated using various methodologies and significant observable inputs. The Company’s and the counterparties’ nonperformance risk is evaluated. The fair value of commodity derivative contracts is reflected in the condensed balance sheet. The current derivative asset and liability amounts represent the fair values expected to be settled in the subsequent twelve months.
Derivative Instruments and Price Risk Management	The Company utilizes various commodity price derivative instruments to (i) reduce the effects of volatility in price changes on the crude oil and natural gas commodities it produces and sells, (ii) reduce commodity price risk and (iii) provide a base level of cash flow in order to assure it can execute at least a portion of its capital spending. In addition, from time to time the Company utilizes interest rate swaps to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates on the Company’s variable-rate indebtedness. All derivative instruments are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair value (see Note 9). The Company has not designated any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes and does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. If a derivative does not qualify as a hedge or is not designated as a hedge, the changes in the fair value are recognized in the Company’s condensed statements of operations as a gain or loss on derivative instruments. Mark-to-market gains and losses represent changes in fair values of derivatives that have not been settled. The Company’s cash flow is only impacted when the actual settlements under the derivative contracts result in making or receiving a payment to or from the counterparty. These cash settlements represent the cumulative gains and losses on the Company’s derivative instruments for the periods presented and do not include a recovery of costs that were paid to acquire or modify the derivative instruments that were settled. The Company has master netting agreements on individual derivative instruments with certain counterparties and therefore the current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet and the non-current asset and liability are netted in the balance sheet for contracts with these counterparties.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the disaggregation of the Company’s oil revenues and natural gas and NGL revenues by basin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2024								Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	228,692	$	259,800	$	198	$	488,690	$	221,790	$	132,045	$	—	$	353,834
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	35,239		27,408		9,688		72,335		32,953		23,363		6,341		62,657
Other	—		3,169		—		3,169		—		2,294		—		2,294
Total	$	263,931	$	290,377	$	9,886	$	564,194	$	254,743	$	157,702	$	6,341	$	418,785


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2024								Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total		Williston		Permian		Appalachian		Total
Oil Revenues	$	450,067	$	503,980	$	323	$	954,369	$	434,513	$	274,700	$	—	$	709,213
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues	60,282		56,779		21,636		138,697		65,376		46,467		21,670		133,513
Other	—		6,006		—		6,006		—		4,619		—		4,619
Total	$	510,349	$	566,765	$	21,959	$	1,099,073	$	499,889	$	325,785	$	21,670	$	847,343

Schedule of Reconciliation of Denominators Used to Calculate Basic and Diluted EPS

The reconciliation of the denominators used to calculate basic EPS and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	138,556	$	167,815	$	150,163	$	508,006




Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	100,266,462		88,800,994		100,354,467		86,869,094
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Restricted Stock and Common Stock Warrants	980,385		307,525		1,087,022		399,497
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Convertible Notes	738,227		—		369,114		—
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	101,985,074		89,108,519		101,810,603		87,268,591

Net Income per Common Share:
Basic	$	1.38	$	1.89	$	1.50	$	5.85
Diluted	$	1.36	$	1.88	$	1.47	$	5.82

Shares Excluded from EPS Due to Anti-Dilutive Effect:
Restricted Stock	—		1,324		—		1,934

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following reflects the Company’s supplemental cash flow information:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Supplemental Cash Items:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized	$	71,553	$	59,311
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes	296		891




Non-cash Investing Activities:
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties Included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	262,988		242,593

Capitalized Asset Retirement Obligations	4,074		2,367

Compensation Capitalized on Oil and Gas Properties	52		278
Issuance of Common Stock - Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	3,737		—

Non-cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	23,338		13,328
Common Stock Dividends Declared, But Not Paid	40,064		34,512
Repurchases of Common Stock - Excise Tax	548		—

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Oil and Gas Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Values of the Assets and Liabilities as of the Date of Acquisition

The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	151,912

Total assets acquired	151,912
Asset retirement obligations	(380)
Net assets acquired	$	151,531

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	147,794
Non-cash consideration	3,737
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	151,531

The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	320,395

Total assets acquired	320,395
Asset retirement obligations	(451)
Net assets acquired	$	319,944

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	319,944
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	319,944

The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	164,925
Unproved oil and natural gas properties	3,892
Total assets acquired	168,817
Asset retirement obligations	(889)
Net assets acquired	$	167,928

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	167,928
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	167,928

The following table reflects the fair values of the net assets and liabilities as of the closing date of the acquisition:


	(In thousands)
Fair value of net assets:
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$	474,417

Total assets acquired	474,417
Asset retirement obligations	(813)
Accrued Liabilities	(5,168)
Net assets acquired	$	468,436

Fair value of consideration paid for net assets:
Cash consideration	$	468,436
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$	468,436

Schedule of Unaudited Pro Forma Information

The summarized unaudited pro forma information may not be indicative of the results that would have occurred had the Company completed the acquisitions as of January 1, 2023, or that would be attained in the future.


	Six Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2023
Total Revenues	$	960,063	$	636,733	$	1,350,237
Net Income (Loss)	152,086		295,930		711,735

LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments

The Company’s long-term debt consists of the following:


	June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	198,000	$	—	$	—	$	198,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		7,366		(8,237)		704,237
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(13,002)		486,998
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,159)		(8,167)		485,675
Total	$	1,903,108	$	1,207	$	(29,406)	$	1,874,909

	December 31, 2023
	Principal Balance		Unamortized Premium/(Discount)		Debt Issuance Costs, Net		Long-term Debt, Net
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	161,000	$	—	$	—	$	161,000
Senior Notes due 2028	705,108		8,376		(9,366)		704,117
Convertible Notes due 2029	500,000		—		(14,214)		485,786
Senior Notes due 2031	500,000		(6,600)		(8,749)		484,651
Total	$	1,866,108	$	1,776	$	(32,330)	$	1,835,554

________________

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Outstanding RSAs and Related Activity

The following table reflects the outstanding service-based RSAs and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Service-based Awards
	Number of Shares	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	497,722	$	27.45
Shares granted	163,780	35.82
Shares forfeited	(424)	35.41
Shares vested	(180,387)	25.88
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	480,691	$	35.41

The following table reflects the outstanding 2023 TSR Awards and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	2023 TSR Awards
	Number of Units	Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	83,710	$	44.49
Units granted	—	—
Units forfeited	—	—
Units vested	—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024	83,710	$	44.49

Schedule of Performance Shares Valuation Assumptions

The assumptions used for the Monte Carlo model were as follows:


	2022			2023
	TSR Awards			TSR Awards			SARs Awards
Risk-free interest rate	1.69		%	4.23		%	3.92		%
Dividend yield	2.40		%	—		%	4.30		%
Expected volatility	56.94		%	56.40		%	72.30		%
Company’s closing stock price on grant date	$	24.98		$	37.07		$	37.07

Schedule of Warrant Activity

The following table reflects the outstanding warrants and activity related thereto for the six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Warrants
		Number of Warrants	Weighted-average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		1,223,963	$	26.33
Issued		—	—
Anti-Dilution Adjustments for Common Stock Dividends		—	—
Exercised		—	—
Cancelled		(1,223,963)	26.33
Expired		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		—	$	—

FAIR VALUE (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	19,569	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		4,107		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(70,726)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(159,091)		—





Total	$	—	$	(206,141)	$	—


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using
(In thousands)	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Commodity Derivatives – Current Assets	$	—	$	75,733	$	—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Assets	—		10,725		—
Commodity Derivatives – Current Liabilities	—		(16,797)		—
Commodity Derivatives – Noncurrent Liabilities	—		(105,831)		—






Total	$	—	$	(36,169)	$	—

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Non-cash Gains or Losses on Derivative Contracts


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cash Received on Settled Derivatives	$	8,896	$	27,265	$	28,012	$	40,935
Non-Cash Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(12,324)		30,503		(169,972)		170,490
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	$	(3,428)	$	57,769	$	(141,959)	$	211,425

Schedule of Open Commodity Derivative Positions

The following table summarizes open commodity derivative positions as of June 30, 2024, for commodity derivatives that were entered into through June 30, 2024, for the settlement period presented:


	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
Oil:
WTI NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	5,436,205		6,279,687		1,434,557		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	74.73	$	73.95	$	71.88	$	—	$	—



WTI NYMEX - Swaptions(1):
Volume (Bbl)	552,000		4,268,075		4,108,995		730,000		640,500
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	78.42	$	72.99	$	67.70	$	75.30	$	70.00
Argus American Crude WTI Midland to WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps:
Volume (Bbl)	3,131,981		4,319,776		2,595,291		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	1.15	$	1.05	$	1.10	$	—	$	—
WTI NYMEX - Call Options(1):
Volume (Bbl)	368,000		4,346,420		4,526,365		3,102,500		366,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	85.00	$	80.36	$	70.65	$	82.94	$	80.00
Brent ICE - Call Options:
Volume (Bbl)	—		—		—		—		316,590
Weighted-Average Price ($/Bbl)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	80.00



WTI NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (Bbl)	3,158,056		2,406,539		1,071,842		—		—
Collar Call Volume (Bbl)	3,483,805		3,454,962		1,544,057		—		—
Weighted-average floor price (Bbl)	$	71.13	$	69.77	$	68.89	$	—	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price (Bbl)	$	80.99	$	78.66	$	75.28	$	—	$	—

Natural Gas:
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	18,578,366		4,085,000		1,825,000		155,000		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.49	$	3.59	$	3.20	$	3.20	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions:
Volume (MMBtu)	—		20,075,000		5,475,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	—	$	3.89	$	4.00	$	—	$	—
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	9,568,000		18,568,000		14,600,000		3,650,000		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.85)	$	(0.78)	$	(0.78)	$	—
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps:
Volume (MMBtu)	7,360,000		3,650,000		1,825,000		—		—
Weighted-Average Differential ($/MMBtu)	$	(0.99)	$	(1.01)	$	(1.14)	$	—	$	—
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options:
Volume (MMBtu)	3,428,050		12,207,700		3,239,500		35,523,000		6,700,000
Weighted-Average Price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.82	$	3.73	$	6.00	$	5.97	$	5.50
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars:
Collar Put Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Collar Call Volume (MMBtu)	16,456,586		33,994,006		22,182,303		3,340,000		—
Weighted-average floor price ($/MMBtu)	$	3.06	$	3.12	$	3.09	$	3.00	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price ($/MMBtu)	$	4.51	$	4.93	$	5.04	$	3.83	$	—

______________

Schedule of Classification of Outstanding Financial Instruments


(In thousands)
Type of Commodity	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2024 Estimated Fair Value		December 31, 2023 Estimated Fair Value
Derivative Assets:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Assets	$	16,555	$	61,323
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Assets	8,171		4,487

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Assets	22,782		36,619
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Assets	4,062		17,964
Commodity Price Put Option Contracts	Current Assets	—		664

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	6,414		16,621
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	7,893		1,874

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	29,645		26,841
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Assets	2,330		3,635

Total Derivative Assets		$	97,852	$	170,029

Derivative Liabilities:
Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	$	(32,205)	$	(8,079)
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Current Liabilities	(4,950)		(6,796)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Current Liabilities	(23,000)		(1,496)

Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Current Liabilities	(26,003)		(14,370)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Current Liabilities	(16,569)		(31,380)

Commodity Price Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(5,252)		(2,288)

Commodity Basis Swap Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(4,329)		(8,922)
Commodity Price Collar Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(37,834)		(18,849)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(91,492)		(78,123)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts	Noncurrent Liabilities	(62,359)		(35,896)
Total Derivative Liabilities		$	(303,993)	$	(206,198)

The amounts presented exclude derivative settlement receivables and payables as of the balance sheet dates.


	Estimated Fair Value at June 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	51,571	$	(32,002)	$	19,569
Non-Current Assets	46,282		(42,174)		4,107
Total Derivative Assets	$	97,852	$	(74,176)	$	23,676

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(102,727)	$	32,002	$	(70,726)
Non-Current Liabilities	(201,266)		42,174		(159,091)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(303,993)	$	74,176	$	(229,817)


	Estimated Fair Value at December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset on the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented on the Balance Sheet
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Current Assets	$	121,057	$	(45,324)	$	75,733
Non-Current Assets	48,971		$	(38,246)	10,725
Total Derivative Assets	$	170,029	$	(83,570)	$	86,459

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Current Liabilities	$	(62,120)	$	45,324	$	(16,797)
Non-Current Liabilities	(144,077)		38,246		(105,831)
Total Derivative Liabilities	$	(206,198)	$	83,570	$	(122,628)

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 geographicArea revenueSource	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024 geographicArea revenueSource	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of revenue sources \| revenueSource	2		2
Number of geographic areas in which entity operates \| geographicArea	3		3
Minimum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Payment period			1 month
Maximum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Payment period			3 months
Revenue Benchmark \| Operator Concentration Risk \| Oil and Gas Sales \| Top Four Operators
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	39.00%	41.00%	34.00%	40.00%
Revenue Benchmark \| Operator Concentration Risk \| Oil and Gas Sales \| Largest Customer \| Minimum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Revenue Benchmark \| Operator Concentration Risk \| Oil and Gas Sales \| Largest Customer \| Maximum
Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	15.00%	15.00%	15.00%

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Oil and Gas Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 564,194	$ 418,785	$ 1,099,073	$ 847,343
Oil Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	488,690	353,834	954,369	709,213
Natural Gas and NGL Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	72,335	62,657	138,697	133,513
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	3,169	2,294	6,006	4,619
Williston \| Oil and Gas Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	263,931	254,743	510,349	499,889
Williston \| Oil Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	228,692	221,790	450,067	434,513
Williston \| Natural Gas and NGL Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	35,239	32,953	60,282	65,376
Williston \| Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Permian \| Oil and Gas Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	290,377	157,702	566,765	325,785
Permian \| Oil Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	259,800	132,045	503,980	274,700
Permian \| Natural Gas and NGL Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	27,408	23,363	56,779	46,467
Permian \| Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	3,169	2,294	6,006	4,619
Appalachian \| Oil and Gas Sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,886	6,341	21,959	21,670
Appalachian \| Oil Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	198	0	323	0
Appalachian \| Natural Gas and NGL Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,688	6,341	21,636	21,670
Appalachian \| Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Reconciliation of Denominators Used to Calculate Basic and Diluted EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Net Income	$ 138,556	$ 11,606	$ 167,815	$ 340,191	$ 150,163	$ 508,006
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic (in shares)	100,266,462		88,800,994		100,354,467	86,869,094
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Restricted Stock and Warrants (in shares)	980,385		307,525		1,087,022	399,497
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Convertible Notes	738,227		0		369,114	0
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted (in shares)	101,985,074		89,108,519		101,810,603	87,268,591
Net Income per Common Share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38		$ 1.89		$ 1.50	$ 5.85
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.36		$ 1.88		$ 1.47	$ 5.82
Restricted Stock
Net Income per Common Share:
Shares Excluded from EPS Due to Anti-Dilutive Effect (in shares)	0		1,324		0	1,934

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Supplemental Cash Items:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest, Net of Amount Capitalized	$ 71,553	$ 59,311
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes	296	891
Non-cash Investing Activities:
Capital Expenditures on Oil and Natural Gas Properties Included in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	262,988	242,593
Capitalized Asset Retirement Obligations	4,074	2,367
Compensation Capitalized on Oil and Gas Properties	52	278
Issuance of Common Stock - Acquisition of Oil and Natural Gas Properties	3,737	0
Non-cash Financing Activities:
Issuance of Common Stock in Exchange for Warrants	23,338	13,328
Common Stock Dividends Declared, But Not Paid	40,064	34,512
Repurchases of Common Stock - Excise Tax	$ 548	$ 0

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES - Narrative (Details)					1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		5 Months Ended	6 Months Ended				11 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 16, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 15, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 05, 2023 USD ($) unit Rate	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Impairment Expense							$ 0	$ 0			$ 0		$ 0
Consideration transferred						$ 36,100,000
Cash deposit					$ 17,100,000
Anticipated future period over which excluded costs will become subject to depletion											5 years
Capitalized costs related to expired leases subject to depletion							500,000	$ 2,000,000			$ 1,600,000		$ 2,600,000
Forge Energy II Delaware, LLC \| Vital Energy, Inc.
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage of the parent company			70.00%					70.00%					70.00%
Novo Acquisition \| Earthstone Energy Holdings, LLC
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage of the parent company		66.67%
Delaware Acquisition
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total estimated consideration	$ 151,531,000
Acquisition, shares issued (in shares) \| shares					107,657						107,657
Cash consideration					$ 147,800,000
Post closing adjustment to consideration transferred					$ (400,000)
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date										$ 22,300,000
Income from of acquiree since acquisition date										$ 10,000,000
Transaction costs	$ 700,000
MPDC
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total estimated consideration				$ 319,944,000
Post closing adjustment to consideration transferred				(8,200,000)
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date																	$ 157,000,000.0
Income from of acquiree since acquisition date																	$ 102,300,000
Transaction costs				$ 3,500,000
Interests acquired \| Rate				39.958%
Business acquisition, number of units acquired \| unit				4
Forge Acquisition
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total estimated consideration			$ 167,928,000
Post closing adjustment to consideration transferred															$ 700,000
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date												$ 46,000,000.0
Income from of acquiree since acquisition date												$ 29,300,000
Transaction costs		$ 4,600,000	$ 2,300,000					$ 2,300,000					$ 2,300,000
Interests acquired			30.00%					30.00%					30.00%
Novo Acquisition
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total estimated consideration		$ 468,436,000
Post closing adjustment to consideration transferred														$ (1,200,000)
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date									$ 78,500,000
Income from of acquiree since acquisition date									$ 40,900,000
Interests acquired		33.33%
Independent Transactions
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred							$ 25,200,000				$ 30,100,000					$ 277,900,000

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES - Fair Values of the Net Assets and Liabilities as off the Date of Acquisition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 16, 2024	Aug. 15, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jan. 05, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Proved oil and natural gas properties					$ 9,111,493	$ 8,428,518
Unproved oil and natural gas properties					$ 37,654	$ 36,785
Delaware Acquisition
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Proved oil and natural gas properties	$ 151,912
Total assets acquired	151,912
Asset retirement obligations	(380)
Net assets acquired	151,531
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash consideration	147,794
Non-cash consideration	3,737
Total fair value of consideration transferred	$ 151,531
MPDC
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Proved oil and natural gas properties				$ 320,395
Total assets acquired				320,395
Asset retirement obligations				(451)
Net assets acquired				319,944
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash consideration				319,944
Total fair value of consideration transferred				$ 319,944
Forge Acquisition
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Proved oil and natural gas properties			$ 164,925
Unproved oil and natural gas properties			3,892
Total assets acquired			168,817
Asset retirement obligations			(889)
Net assets acquired			167,928
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash consideration			167,928
Total fair value of consideration transferred			$ 167,928
Novo Acquisition
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Proved oil and natural gas properties		$ 474,417
Total assets acquired		474,417
Asset retirement obligations		(813)
Accrued Liabilities		(5,168)
Net assets acquired		468,436
Asset Acquisition, Consideration Transferred [Abstract]
Cash consideration		468,436
Total fair value of consideration transferred		$ 468,436

CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES - Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Oil and Gas Disclosure [Abstract]
Total Revenues	$ 636,733	$ 960,063	$ 1,350,237
Net Income (Loss)	$ 295,930	$ 152,086	$ 711,735

LONG-TERM DEBT - Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Balance	$ 1,903,108	$ 1,866,108
Unamortized Premium/(Discount)	1,207	1,776
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	(29,406)	(32,330)
Long-term Debt, Net	1,874,909	1,835,554
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Balance	705,108	705,108
Unamortized Premium/(Discount)	7,366	8,376
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	(8,237)	(9,366)
Long-term Debt, Net	704,237	704,117
Convertible Notes due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Balance	500,000	500,000
Unamortized Premium/(Discount)	0	0
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	(13,002)	(14,214)
Long-term Debt, Net	486,998	485,786
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Balance	500,000	500,000
Unamortized Premium/(Discount)	(6,159)	(6,600)
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	(8,167)	(8,749)
Long-term Debt, Net	485,675	484,651
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Balance	198,000	161,000
Unamortized Premium/(Discount)	0	0
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	0	0
Long-term Debt, Net	198,000	161,000
Revolving Credit Facility \| Other Noncurrent Assets, Net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Issuance Costs, Net	$ (10,800)	$ (10,600)

LONG-TERM DEBT - Narrative (Details)							1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
LONG-TERM DEBT - Narrative (Details)	Jun. 15, 2026 USD ($)	May 15, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 14, 2022 USD ($) day $ / shares	Oct. 11, 2022 $ / shares	Feb. 18, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 22, 2019	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	Jun. 07, 2022	Nov. 15, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of unsecured debt								$ 0	$ 18,436,000
Consideration transferred							$ 36,100,000
Company's closing stock price on grant date (dollars per share) \| $ / shares										$ 37.07	$ 24.98
Premium over last reported sale				75.00%
Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Initial conversion price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 38.01					$ 37.50
Interest Rate Cap
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Company's closing stock price on grant date (dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 52.17				$ 51.48
Interest Rate Cap \| Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Offering price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 29.81
Redemption Period 2 \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Default period	30 days
Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 2 \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Acceleration threshold amount	$ 35,000,000.0
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount					$ 550,000,000.0								$ 200,000,000.0
Interest rate percentage					8.125%
Principal repaid									19,100,000
Repayments of unsecured debt									$ 18,400,000
Default period					30 days
Acceleration threshold amount					$ 35,000,000.0
Judgment discharge or stay period					60 days
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage					104.063%
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage					102.031%
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 4
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage					100.00%
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 5
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage					101.00%
Convertible Notes due 2029 \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 500,000,000.0
Interest rate percentage								3.625%
Debt to shares conversion ratio			0.0263104					0.0266642
Convertible Notes due 2029 \| Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Judgment discharge or stay period			60 days
Threshold trading days \| day			40
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger			130.00%
Cure period			30 days
Indebtedness for borrowed money			$ 50,000,000.0
Amount of minimum unpaid judgements			$ 50,000,000.0
Percent of aggregate principal amount			25.00%
Period of the special interest rate			365 days
Special interest rate for the first period			0.25%
Period of second special interest rate			180 days
Special interest rate for the second period			0.50%
Convertible Notes due 2029 \| Convertible Notes \| Redemption Period 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Threshold trading days \| day			20
Threshold consecutive trading days \| day			30
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 500,000,000.0
Interest rate percentage		8.75%
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	100.00%
Debt redemption price percent of principal amount	102.188%
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate percentage		8.75%
Redemption price percentage		100.00%
Percent of aggregate principal amount		35.00%
Period of second special interest rate		180 days
Debt instrument redemption notice term		10 days
Debt redemption price percent of principal amount		108.75%
Debt redemption least price percent of principal amount		65.00%
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument redemption notice term		60 days
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Unsecured Debt \| Redemption Period 2 \| Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage	101.00%
Debt redemption price percent of principal amount	104.375%
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum debt to EBITDAX ratio under debt covenant						3.50
Minimum current ratio under debt covenant						1.00
Minimum percent of the fair value of reserves secured by mortgages						90.00%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Federal Funds Effective Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						1.25%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Base Rate \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						2.25%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						2.25%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate						3.25%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing base								$ 1,800,000,000
Elected commitment amount								1,500,000,000
Aggregate value of acquisition of oil and gas properties compared to borrowing base, percent												5.00%
Term Loan \| Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity of term loans								$ 500,000,000.0

COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK (Details) - USD ($)	May 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Feb. 29, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2024	May 23, 2024	May 22, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	May 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)							270,000,000		270,000,000			270,000,000	135,000,000	270,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 0.001		$ 0.001			$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)							100,172,478		100,172,478					100,761,148
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)							100,172,478		100,172,478
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)							5,000,000		5,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)							$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)							0		0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)							0		0
Restricted Stock Forfeitures							$ 2,000	$ 54,000
Common stock, dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.40		$ 0.40
Stock repurchase program, amount approved (up to)															$ 150,000,000.0
Treasury stock, repurchased during period (in shares)									1,444,432	287,751
Common stock repurchase									$ 55,400,000	$ 8,000,000.0
Payments of issuance costs									$ 500,000
Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, amount approved (up to)											$ 150,000,000.0
Veritas
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Equity offerings, net of issuance costs (in shares)		656,297			403,780				656,297
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)					824,602			824,602
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)					$ 27.4946		$ 0	$ 27.4946	$ 0					$ 26.33
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, number of shares (in shares)						1,939,998
Delaware Acquisition
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, number of shares (in shares)				107,657					107,657
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock surrendered by certain employees to cover tax obligations (in shares)									71,548
Restricted Stock Forfeitures									$ 5,800,000

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended						6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 day $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2023 shares	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) day	Jan. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Veritas
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, number of shares (in shares) \| shares						1,939,998
Business acquisition, share price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares						$ 28.30
Equity offerings, net of issuance costs (in shares) \| shares	656,297		403,780				656,297
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares			824,602
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 26.33	$ 27.4946				$ 0
Veritas \| Warrants Cancelled
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) \| shares							1,223,963
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							$ 26.3324
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense							$ 13.5
Unrecognized compensation expense, recognized period							1 year 5 months 26 days
Fair value of vested awards							$ 5.8	$ 6.2
Compensation expense							$ 3.7
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period				3 years	3 years
Total shareholder return, trading days \| day					20
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, shares issued in period \| shares				74,220
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares							0
Shares granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares							$ 0
Performance Shares \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total shareholder return					$ 0.0
Performance Shares \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total shareholder return					$ 2.4
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense							$ 2.8
Compensation expense							0.9
Total shareholder return, trading days \| day		20
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares		83,710
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of increase in awards		0.00%
Shares granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 35.73
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of increase in awards		166.00%
Shares granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 52.41
SARs Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense							5.2
Compensation expense							$ 0.7
Total shareholder return, trading days \| day							20
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, equity instruments other than options, granted in period, fair value							$ 6.0
Employees and Executive Officers \| Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							3 years
Employees and Executive Officers \| Restricted Stock \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							3 years
Employees and Executive Officers \| Restricted Stock \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							4 years
Director \| Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							1 year
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for future awards (shares) \| shares							2,841,360

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS - Summary of Outstanding RSAs and Related Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Service-based Awards
Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning (in shares) \| shares	497,722
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares	163,780
Shares forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(424)
Shares vested (in shares) \| shares	(180,387)
Outstanding, ending (in shares) \| shares	480,691
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 27.45
Shares granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	35.82
Shares forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	35.41
Shares vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	25.88
Outstanding, ending (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 35.41
Performance Shares
Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning (in shares) \| shares	83,710
Shares granted (in shares) \| shares	0
Shares forfeited (in shares) \| shares	0
Shares vested (in shares) \| shares	0
Outstanding, ending (in shares) \| shares	83,710
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 44.49
Shares granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Shares forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Shares vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Outstanding, ending (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 44.49

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS - Schedule of Performance Shares Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Company's closing stock price on grant date (dollars per share)	$ 37.07	$ 24.98
Performance Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	4.23%	1.69%
Dividend yield	0.00%	2.40%
Expected volatility	56.40%	56.94%
SARs Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.92%
Dividend yield	4.30%
Expected volatility	72.30%

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND WARRANTS - Summary of Warrants Outstanding (Details) - Veritas	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Warrants
Balance at beginning of period (in shares) \| shares	1,223,963
Issued (in shares) \| shares	0
Anti-dilution adjustments for common stock dividends (in shares) \| shares	0
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	0
Cancelled (in shares) \| shares	(1,223,963)
Expired (in shares) \| shares	0
Balance at end of period (in shares) \| shares	0
Weighted-average Exercise Price
Balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 26.33
Issued (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Anti-dilution adjustments for common stock dividends (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Cancelled (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	26.33
Expired (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Balance at end of period (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0

INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense	$ 42,746	$ 39,012	$ 45,592	$ 39,703
Effective tax rates	23.60%	18.90%	23.30%	7.20%

FAIR VALUE - Assets and Liabilities Accounted For At Fair Value On A Recurring Basis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	$ 0	$ 0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	(206,141)	(36,169)
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Asset \| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Asset \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	19,569	75,733
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Asset \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Asset \| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Asset \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	4,107	10,725
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Asset \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Liabilities \| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Liabilities \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	(70,726)	(16,797)
Commodity Derivatives \| Current Liabilities \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Liabilities \| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Liabilities) (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	0	0
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Liabilities \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	(159,091)	(105,831)
Commodity Derivatives \| Noncurrent Liabilities \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivative assets (liabilities)	$ 0	$ 0

FAIR VALUE - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Asset retirement obligations incurred and acquired		$ 3.0
Veritas
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, number of shares (in shares)	1,939,998
Business acquisition, share price (in dollars per share)	$ 28.30
Senior Notes due 2028 \| Estimated Fair Value \| Unsecured Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of long-term debt		710.4
Convertible Notes due 2029 \| Estimated Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of long-term debt		581.6
Senior Notes due 2031 \| Estimated Fair Value \| Unsecured Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair value of long-term debt		$ 522.5

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT - Schedule of Non-cash Gains or Losses on Derivative Contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash Received on Settled Derivatives	$ 8,896	$ 27,265	$ 28,012	$ 40,935
Non-Cash Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(12,324)	30,503	(169,972)	170,490
Gain (Loss) on Commodity Derivatives, Net	$ (3,428)	$ 57,769	$ (141,959)	$ 211,425

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT - Summary of Open Commodity Derivative Positions (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 MMBTU bbl $ / bbl $ / MMBTU
WTI NYMEX - Swaps \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	5,436,205
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	74.73
WTI NYMEX - Swaps \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	6,279,687
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	73.95
WTI NYMEX - Swaps \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	1,434,557
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	71.88
WTI NYMEX - Swaps \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
WTI NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	552,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	78.42
WTI NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	4,268,075
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	72.99
WTI NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	4,108,995
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	67.70
WTI NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	730,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	75.30
WTI NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	640,500
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	70.00
Argus American Crude WTI Midland To WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	3,131,981
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	1.15
Argus American Crude WTI Midland To WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	4,319,776
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	1.05
Argus American Crude WTI Midland To WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	2,595,291
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	1.10
Argus American Crude WTI Midland To WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
Argus American Crude WTI Midland To WTI NYMEX - Basis Swaps \| 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	366,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	80.00
WTI NYMEX - Call Options \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	368,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	85.00
WTI NYMEX - Call Options \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	4,346,420
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	80.36
WTI NYMEX - Call Options \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	4,526,365
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	70.65
WTI NYMEX - Call Options \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	3,102,500
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	82.94
WTI NYMEX - Call Options \| 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	316,590
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	80.00
Brent ICE - Call Options \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
Brent ICE - Call Options \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
Brent ICE - Call Options \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
Brent ICE - Call Options \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	0
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	0
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	71.13
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	80.99
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	69.77
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	78.66
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	68.89
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	75.28
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	0
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	0
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,158,056
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	2,406,539
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	1,071,842
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	0
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,483,805
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,454,962
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	1,544,057
WTI NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	0
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	18,578,366
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	3.49
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	4,085,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	3.59
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	1,825,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	3.20
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaps \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	155,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	3.20
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	0
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	0
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	20,075,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	3.89
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	5,475,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	4.00
Henry Hub NYMEX - Swaptions \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	0
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	0
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	9,568,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	(0.85)
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	18,568,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	(0.85)
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	14,600,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	(0.78)
Waha Inside FERC to Henry Hub - Basis Swaps \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,650,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit)	(0.78)
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	7,360,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	(0.99)
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,650,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	(1.01)
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	1,825,000
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	(1.14)
NE - TETCO M2 - Basis Swaps \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	0
Weighted average differential (in dollars per unit) \| $ / MMBTU	0
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,428,050
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	3.82
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	12,207,700
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	3.73
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,239,500
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	6.00
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	35,523,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	5.97
Henry Hub NYMEX - Call Options \| 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| bbl	6,700,000
Weighted average price (in dollars per unit)	5.50
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	3.06
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	4.51
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	3.12
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	4.93
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	3.09
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	5.04
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Weighted average floor price (in dollars per unit)	3.00
Weighted average ceiling price (in dollars per unit)	3.83
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	16,456,586
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	33,994,006
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	22,182,303
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Put Volume \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,340,000
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2024
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	16,456,586
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	33,994,006
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	22,182,303
Henry Hub NYMEX - Collars \| Collar Call Volume \| 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Volume \| MMBTU	3,340,000

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT - Summary of Classification of Outstanding Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	$ 97,852	$ 170,029
Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	(74,176)	(83,570)
Net amounts of assets presented in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	23,676	86,459
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(303,993)	(206,198)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	74,176	83,570
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(229,817)	(122,628)
Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	51,571	121,057
Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	(32,002)	(45,324)
Net amounts of assets presented in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	19,569	75,733
Noncurrent Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	46,282	48,971
Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	(42,174)	(38,246)
Net amounts of assets presented in the balance sheet, offsetting of derivative assets	4,107	10,725
Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(102,727)	(62,120)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	32,002	45,324
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(70,726)	(16,797)
Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(201,266)	(144,077)
Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	42,174	38,246
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheet, Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(159,091)	(105,831)
Commodity Price Swap Contracts \| Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	16,555	61,323
Commodity Price Swap Contracts \| Noncurrent Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	6,414	16,621
Commodity Price Swap Contracts \| Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(32,205)	(8,079)
Commodity Price Swap Contracts \| Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(5,252)	(2,288)
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts \| Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	8,171	4,487
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts \| Noncurrent Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	7,893	1,874
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts \| Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(4,950)	(6,796)
Commodity Basis Swap Contracts \| Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(4,329)	(8,922)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts \| Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(23,000)	(1,496)
Commodity Price Swaptions Contracts \| Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(62,359)	(35,896)
Commodity Price Collar Contracts \| Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	22,782	36,619
Commodity Price Collar Contracts \| Noncurrent Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	29,645	26,841
Commodity Price Collar Contracts \| Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(26,003)	(14,370)
Commodity Price Collar Contracts \| Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(37,834)	(18,849)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts \| Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	4,062	17,964
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts \| Noncurrent Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	2,330	3,635
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts \| Current Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(16,569)	(31,380)
Commodity Price Call Option Contracts \| Noncurrent Liabilities
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities:
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities), Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities	(91,492)	(78,123)
Commodity Price Put Option Contracts \| Current Assets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets:
Gross amounts of recognized assets, offsetting of derivative assets	$ 0	$ 664

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