Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

ASTI Ascent Solar Technologies Inc

ASTI Ascent Solar Technologies Inc

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)





☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024




☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File No. 001-32919

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)




Delaware		20-3672603
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

12300 Grant Street, Thornton, CO		80241
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number including area code: 720-872-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common	ASTI	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 9, 2024, there were 30,735,501 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Period Ended March 31, 2024

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets - as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	1
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	2
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	3
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flow - For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	19
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	19
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		20
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	20
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	20
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	21
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	21
Item 5.	Other Information	21
Item 6.	Exhibits	23
SIGNATURES		28

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future net sales or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to acquisitions, business trends and other information that is not historical information and, in particular, appear under headings including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Overview.” When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “foresees,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to us on the date of this Quarterly Report.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed in this Quarterly Report in the sections captioned “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Factors you should consider that could cause these differences are:

•

Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•

Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•

Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•

Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•

Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•

The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•

Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•

Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

•

The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•

Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•

The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•

The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•

Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•

Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics;

•

General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry; and

•

Other risks and uncertainties discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

There may be other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances after the date made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Ascent,” “Ascent Solar” or the “Company” in this Quarterly Report mean Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)


	March 31,			December 31,
	2024			2023
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	187,474		$	1,048,733
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively		-			-
Inventories, net		448,756			447,496
Prepaid and other current assets		246,706			39,279
Total current assets		882,936			1,535,508

Property, Plant and Equipment:		19,901,016			21,177,892
Accumulated depreciation		(19,395,659	)		(20,131,008	)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net		505,357			1,046,884

Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		2,249,042			2,364,672
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $177,099 and $173,387 respectively		50,266			53,978
Equity method investment		67,179			68,867
Other non-current assets		1,228,399			1,228,797
		3,594,886			3,716,314
Total Assets	$	4,983,179		$	6,298,706
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,214,116		$	579,237
Related party payables		33,846			4,231
Accrued expenses		1,215,560			1,354,159
Accrued payroll		234,914			160,477
Accrued professional services fees		933,872			849,282
Accrued interest		653,199			628,145
Current portion of operating lease liability		512,158			491,440
Conversions payable (Note 12)		-			1,089,160
Cash payable (Note 12)		199,997			-
Current portion of convertible notes, net		6,270			354,936
Bridge loan		353,269			-
Other payable		250,000			250,000
Total current liabilities		5,607,201			5,761,067
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities		1,904,892			2,043,025
Accrued warranty liability		21,225			21,225
Total liabilities		7,533,318			7,825,317
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100 and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($911,228 and $899,069 Liquidation Preference, respectively)		5			5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 6,710,745 and 3,583,846 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		671			358
Additional paid in capital		482,458,139			480,942,526
Accumulated deficit		(485,016,178	)		(482,478,436	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		7,224			8,936
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(2,550,139	)		(1,526,611	)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$	4,983,179		$	6,298,706

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Revenues
Products	$	5,600		$	99,225
Milestone and engineering		-			25,000
Total Revenues		5,600			124,225
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue		9,388			461,795
Research, development and manufacturing operations		607,233			1,665,694
Selling, general and administrative		1,060,041			1,591,821
Share-based compensation		259,234			1,404,450
Depreciation and amortization		20,757			25,781
Impairment loss		524,481			-
Total Costs and Expenses		2,481,134			5,149,541
Loss from Operations		(2,475,534	)		(5,025,316	)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		64,323			10,000
Interest expense		(126,555	)		(1,068,036	)
Total Other Income/(Expense)		(62,232	)		(1,058,036	)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		24			-
Net Income/(Loss)	$	(2,537,742	)	$	(6,083,352	)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic and Diluted)	$	(0.53	)	$	(34.21	)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic)		4,758,077			177,850
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted)		4,758,077			177,850
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)		(1,712	)		6,706
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	$	(2,539,454	)	$	(6,076,646	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024


	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income (Loss)			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2024		48,100	$	5		3,583,846	$	358	$	480,942,526		$	(482,478,436	)	$	8,936		$	(1,526,611	)
Conversion of L1 Note and Conversions Payable into Common Stock		-		-		2,411,788		241		1,256,451			-			-			1,256,692
Exercise of prefunded warrants		-		-		715,111		72		(72	)		-			-			-
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		259,234			-			-			259,234
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(2,537,742	)		-			(2,537,742	)
Foreign Currency Translation Loss		-		-		-		-		-			-			(1,712	)		(1,712	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		48,100	$	5		6,710,745	$	671	$	482,458,139		$	(485,016,178	)	$	7,224		$	(2,550,139	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023


	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In		Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Income (Loss)			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2023		48,100	$	5		259,323	$	26	$	448,343,153	$	(447,427,862	)	$	(16,024	)	$	899,298
Conversion of L1 Note into Common Stock		-		-		7,200		1		508,739		-			-			508,740
Conversion of Sabby Note into Common Stock		-		-		10,255		1		1,083,717		-			-			1,083,718
Share-based compensation		-		-						1,404,450		-			-			1,404,450
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		(6,083,352	)		-			(6,083,352	)
Foreign Currency Translation Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-			6,706			6,706
Balance at March 31, 2023		48,100	$	5		276,778	$	28	$	451,340,059	$	(453,511,214	)	$	(9,318	)	$	(2,180,440	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2024			2023
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$	(2,537,742	)	$	(6,083,352	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		20,758			25,781
Share-based compensation		259,234			1,404,450
Operating lease asset amortization		115,630			182,556
Amortization of debt discount		35,530			901,649
Impairment loss		524,481			—
Loss on equity method investment		(24	)		—
Inventory reserve expense		(23,355	)		97,465
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		—			(93,106	)
Inventories		22,095			4,755
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(207,029	)		(1,182,239	)
Accounts payable		634,879			(14,016	)
Related party payable		29,615			(61,827	)
Operating lease liabilities		(117,415	)		(178,622	)
Accrued interest		25,054			166,386
Accrued expenses		20,428			(107,507	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,197,861	)		(4,937,627	)
Investing Activities:
Payments on purchase of assets		—			(48,650	)
Patent activity costs		—			(5,884	)
Net cash used in investing activities		—			(54,534	)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from bridge loan		350,000			—
Payment of bridge loan		(13,398	)		—
Payment of convertible notes		—			(147,170	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities		336,602			(147,170	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(861,259	)		(5,139,331	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,048,733			11,483,018
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	187,474		$	6,343,687
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	63,562		$	—
Non-Cash Transactions:
Conversions of preferred stock, convertible notes, and conversions payable to equity	$	1,256,692		$	1,592,458
Exercise of Pre-funded warrants	$	72		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company") is focusing on integrating its photovoltaic ("PV") products into scalable and high value markets such as agrivoltaics, aerospace, satellites, near earth orbiting vehicles, and fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAV”). The value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these industries, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap of the needs of end users across some of these industries and can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commercializing products for these customers.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes typically found in U.S. GAAP audited annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. These unaudited condensed financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 2 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of March 31, 2024.

Revenue Recognition:

Product revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of PV modules and other equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For module and other equipment sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized product revenue of $5,600 and $99,225, respectively.

Milestone and engineering revenue. Each milestone and engineering arrangement is a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is estimated using the most likely amount method and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied through achieving manufacturing, cost, or engineering targets. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $0 and $25,000, respectively.-

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Government contracts revenue. Revenue from government research and development contracts is generated under terms that are cost plus fee or firm fixed price. The Company generally recognizes this revenue over time using cost-based input methods, which recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract. In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term government research and development contracts and therefore reflect the performance obligations under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations are excluded from the input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of transferring control under the contract. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include direct costs plus allowable indirect costs and an allocable portion of the fixed fee. If actual and estimated costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, provision is made currently for the loss anticipated on the contract.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Accounts Receivable. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an accounts receivable, net balance of $0 and $0, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 and $0, respectively.

Deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(3,425	)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	5,210

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Earnings per Share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) are the amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. Basic EPS has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders has been computed by deducting dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) from net income. Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income adjusted on an if-converted basis for the period by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common share outstanding (which consist of warrants, options, restricted stock units and convertible securities using the if-converted method to the extent they are dilutive). Approximately 7.9 million and 0.09 million shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the three months period ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 improves segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years

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beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 improves income tax disclosures by requiring public entities annually to (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold Series 1B preferred stock and completed a public offering to fund operations. Further discussion of these transactions can be found in Notes 13 and 14 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company currently has limited production capabilities in its Thornton facility and continues to focus on restarting production at industrial scale while continuing its research and development activities to improve its PV products. The Company does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until it has fully implemented this strategy. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company used $1,197,861 in cash for operations.

Additional projected product revenues are not anticipated to result in a positive cash flow position for the next twelve months overall and as of March 31, 2024, the Company has a working deficit of $4,724,265, Management does not believe cash liquidity is sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing.

The Company continues to look for ways to expand its production of PV films at industrial scale and to secure long-term contracts for the sale of such output. The Company also continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic or financial investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company's revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In September 2021, the Company and TubeSolar AG ("TubeSolar"), a former significant stakeholder in the Company, entered into a Long-Term and Joint Development Agreement ("JDA") where the Company would provide PV foils for use in TubeSolar's solar modules for agricultural photovoltaic applications. Additionally, the Company and TubeSolar jointly established Ascent Solar Technologies Germany GmbH (“Ascent Germany”), in which TubeSolar holds of 30% of the entity. Ascent Germany was established to operate a PV manufacturing facility in Germany that will produce and deliver PV Foils exclusively to TubeSolar. There were no Company contributions to Ascent Germany during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

In June, 2023, TubeSolar filed an application for insolvency proceedings with the insolvency court. Since then, there has been no activity under the JDA and minimal activity in Ascent Germany. Management continues to monitor this situation.

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NOTE 6. SWITZERLAND ASSETS

On April 17, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Flisom AG (“Seller”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company purchased certain assets relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacture and production from Seller (collectively, the “Assets”). The purchase price paid by the Company was $4,083,926 (including $1,283,926 of transaction costs). The Company also entered into a sublease agreement allowing the Company to use the manufacturing facility where the Assets are located.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Management concluded that these assets were impaired and recognized an impairment loss of $3,283,715. The remaining carrying value of the Assets, as of December 31, 2023, was $786,000. On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the manufacturing facility landlord (“Landlord”) where the Company would sell all but one equipment from the Assets to the Landlord for 1 CHF and forgiveness of $221,519 in payables and any potential future claims the manufacturing facility landlord may have. The carrying value of the Assets sold was $746,000.

The Company recorded the Assets as assets held for sale at March 31, 2024 as all of the following criteria have been met: (i) a formal commitment to a plan to sell a property has been made and exercised; (ii) the property is available for sale in its present condition; (iii) actions required to complete the sale of the property have been initiated; (iv) sale of the property is probable and we expect the sale will occur within one year; and (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given its current market value. Assets held for sale are recorded in Property, Plant and Equipment, net in the unaudited condensed balance sheets.

Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company recorded the carrying value of the property at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and depreciation of the property ceases. As the estimated fair value of $221,519, the price the Company sold the Assets for is less than their carrying value, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $524,481.

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,589		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,384,346			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		32,087			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,901,016			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,395,659	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	505,357		$	1,046,884

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $17,045 and $20,989, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded under “Depreciation and amortization expense” in the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations.

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

The Company’s operating leases are comprised of approximately 100,000 rentable square feet for its manufacturing and operations and a Company car. These leases are classified and accounted for as operating leases. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.

Effective September 1, 2023, the lease was amended to reduce the rentable square feet from 100,000 to approximately 75,000 square feet and the rent and tenant share of expenses were decreased in proportion to the reduction in rentable square

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feet. The Company recorded this as a lease modification in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and recorded a reduction to the right of use asset and lease liability of $1,292,316 and $1,376,994, respectively. The Company recognized a gain on the lease modification of $84,678, which was recorded as other income in the Statement of Operations.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,249,042	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		512,158		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,904,892		2,043,025

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $190,497 and $261,343, respectively.

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	576,847
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,025,468
Less amounts representing interest		(608,418	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,417,050

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 45.00 months and 7.0%, respectively.

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	448,367	$	445,721
Work in process		389		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	448,756	$	447,496

NOTE 10. BRIDGE LOAN

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a loan agreement ("Loan 1") with a lender ("Lender") for an aggregate principal amount of $375,000. The Company paid origination fees of $25,000 for net proceeds of $350,000. The discount is recorded as interest expense ratably over the term of the loan. Under Loan 1, the Company will make weekly payments of $19,420 for 28 weeks for a total repayment of $543,750. The Company also has an early repayment option where the Company would repay an aggregate of $478,125 if repaid by April 15, 2024. This note is recorded as Bridge loan in the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

On April 17, 2024, the Company entered into a new loan agreement ("Loan 2") with the Lender. Under Loan 2, the Company borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $685,000, incurred origination fees of $34,250, and repaid the outstanding balance of Loan 1 of $428,310 for net proceeds of $222,440. Under Loan 2, the Company will make weekly payments of $31,000 for 32 weeks for a total repayment of $993,250.

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These loans are not convertible into equity shares of the Company and are secured by a second lien on the Company's assets.

The carrying amount of this bridge loan approximates fair value because the Company's current borrowing rate does not materially differ from market rates for similar bank borrowings and due to its short maturity and is considered to be Level 2.

NOTE 11. OTHER PAYABLE

On June 30, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor (“Vendor”) to convert the balance of their account into a note payable in the amount of $250,000. The note bears interest of 5% per annum and matured on February 28, 2018. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had not made any payments on this note, the accrued interest was $84,452, and the note is due upon demand. This note is recorded as Other payable in the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

NOTE 12. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		Notes converted			Principal Balance 3/31/2024		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 3/31/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	6,667	$	(397	)	$	6,270

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $400,000 of principal was converted for 618,384 shares of common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had interest expense of $21,989 and $1,052,928, respectively, of which, $18,863 and $901,649, respectively was due to accretion of discount on the note. Interest payable was $33,064 as of March 31, 2024.

Conversions Payable represents the economic difference between the applicable conversion price of the notes payable and floor price of $0.65. This amount is payable either in shares valued as the VWAP on the conversion day or in cash. If the VWAP on the conversion day is less than the floor price, then the economic different between the conversion day VWAP and the floor price becomes payable in cash and is recorded as Cash payable on the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheet. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, conversions payable increased by $190,622, and the aggregate $1,279,782 conversions payable was converted into 1,793,404 shares of common stock and $199,997 of Cash payable. The Cash payable was paid in April 2024 with the close of the Company's public offering (see Note 17).

NOTE 13. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

As of January 1, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum when and if declared by the Board of Directors at its sole discretion. The dividends may be paid in cash or in the form of common stock (valued at 10% below market price, but not to exceed the lowest closing price during the applicable measurement period), at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock is indexed to the Company's stock price and subject to adjustment.

The Series A Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock at the option of the Company if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $232 million, adjusted for reverse stock splits, for twenty consecutive trading days, or by the holder at any time. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $8.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, plus the make-whole amount (if applicable). At March 31, 2024, the preferred shares were not eligible for conversion to common shares at the option of the Company. The holder of the preferred shares may convert to common shares at any time. After making adjustment for the Company’s prior reverse stock splits, all 48,100 outstanding Series A preferred shares are convertible into less than one common share. Upon any conversion (whether at the option of the Company or the holder), the holder is entitled to receive any accrued but unpaid dividends.

Except as otherwise required by law (or with respect to approval of certain actions), the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, pari passu

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with any distribution to the holders of common stock of the Company, an amount equal to $8.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

As of March 31, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $526,428.

NOTE 14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

At March 31, 2024, the Company had 500 million shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had 6,710,745 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends related to the common stock during the three month ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $400,000 of convertible debt was converted into 618,384 shares of common stock and $1,279,782 of conversions payable was converted into 1,793,404 shares of common stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 715,111 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

Preferred Stock

At March 31, 2024, the Company had 25 million shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Preferred stock may be issued in classes or series. Designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions are determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, there are 9,283,122 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $1.76 and $1,060 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

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Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

NOTE 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In January 2024, the Company granted 459,000 shares of restricted stock units to employees and directors. One third of these shares vested on March 31, 2024. The remaining unvested shares will vest prorata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026. The Company also granted members of our advisory board an aggregate of 20,000 shares of restricted stock units. These unvested shares will vest prorata on January 1, 2025 and January 1, 2026.

The Company had a total of 327,631 unvested units as of March 31, 2024 that are expected to vest in the future. Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense from the remaining unvested restricted stock as of March 31, 2024 was approximately $1,220,860 and is expected to be recognized over 1.75 years. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock grants of $259,234 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of March 31, 2024:


	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		1,867		$	596.00
Granted		479,000			0.77
Vested		(153,236	)		1.68
Non-vested at March 31, 2024		327,631		$	5.09

The fair values of the respective vesting dates of RSUs were approximately $60,400 and $237,700 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On August 15, 2023, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”) filed an action against the Company in the New York State Supreme Court in New York County. The complaint alleges a breach by the Company of an investment banking engagement letter entered into in October 2021. The Wainwright engagement letter expired in April 2022 without any financing transaction having been completed. The complaint claims that Wainright is entitled, under a “tail provision”, to an 8% fee and 7% warrant coverage on the Company’s $15 million secured convertible note financing. The complaint seeks damages of $1.2 million, 2,169.5 common stock warrants with a per share exercise price of $605, and attorney fees. Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company and Wainwright reached a proposed settlement agreement. The proposed settlement will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings or in certain instances provide reasonable ranges of potential losses. However, as of the date of this report, the Company believes that none of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. In the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that the Company’s assessment of any claim will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods.

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

As part of the December 19, 2022 Securities Purchase Contract (the “Purchase Contract”) with two institutional investors (the “Investors”), the Company issued to the Investors certain common stock warrants (the “Warrants”). The Warrants have certain “full ratchet” anti-dilution adjustments that are triggered when the Company issues securities with a purchase or

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conversion, exercise or exchange price that is less than the exercise price of the Warrants then in effect at any time. Under the full ratchet anti-dilution adjustments, if the Company issues new securities at a price lower than the then applicable exercise price, (i) the exercise price is reduced to the lower new issue price and (ii) the number of warrant shares is proportionately increased. The Warrants have been previously adjusted following past issuances of Company securities. As of March 31, 2024, there were 5,596,232 Warrants exercisable at an exercise price of $1.765.

On March 6, 2024 and March 7, 2024, the Company entered into Warrant Repurchase Agreements (the “Repurchase Agreements”), with each of the Investors. Pursuant to the Repurchase Agreements, if the Company closes a new capital raising transaction with gross proceeds in excess of $5 million (“Qualified Financing”), the Company will repurchase the Warrants from the Investors for an aggregate purchase price of $3.6 million. Following the delivery of the purchase price to the Investors, the Investors will relinquish all rights, title and interest in the Warrants and assign the same to the Company, and the Warrants will be cancelled. On April 12, 2024, the Company entered into Amended and Restated Warrant Repurchase Agreements (the “Amendments”) with each of the Investors. Pursuant to the Amendments, on April 12, 2024, the Company and the Investors agreed to the following:

•

First Repurchase. On April 12, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer 50% of the Warrants to the Company in exchange for the payment by the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.

•

Second Repurchase. On or before April 18, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer all remaining Warrants to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.

To extend the repurchase deadline, on April 12, 2024 the Company agreed to issue the Investors approximately 7.1 million warrants in aggregate at an exercise price of $0.14 per warrant. These warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing six months from the closing of the offering and expiring five and a half (5.5) years from the date of issue, and will be exercisable for cash only unless an effective registration statement is not available at the time of exercise, in which case the warrants could be exercised on a cashless basis.

On April 9, 2024 the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) with Dawson James Securities Inc. (“Dawson James”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Dawson James as the placement agent for a registered public offering by the Company (the “Offering”), of up to $6 million of shares of common stock or, in lieu of common stock, one prefunded warrant to purchase a share of common stock on a best efforts basis.

The Company agreed to pay Dawson James a placement agent fee in cash equal to 8.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock; provided, however, that the placement agent fee shall equal 4% for investors that the Company directs to the Offering. The Company also agreed to reimburse Dawson James for all reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees of legal counsel, not to exceed $155,000.

On April 18, 2024, the Company, completed closings under the Offering of common stock. Aggregate gross proceeds from all closings under the offering total $5.09 million before deducting offering expenses. In the completed closings, the Company has issued an aggregate of (i) 15,179,460 common shares and (ii) 21,162,277 Pre-Funded Warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.0001 per share of common stock and only expire when such Pre-Funded warrants are fully exercised.

The net proceeds from the closings of the Offering were utilized to retire approximately $200,000 of cash payable and $3.6 million to repurchase and cancel a total of 5,596,232 outstanding common warrants with an exercise price of $1.765 per share that were both issued with our secured notes issued in December 2022. The repurchase of these warrants eliminated a substantial potential future issuance of common stock at a substantially reduced price. These warrants would have been adjusted in accordance with their terms to provide for the purchase of 70,554,495 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.14 if they had not been repurchased by the Company.

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, 8,766,000 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 which was filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024. This discussion and analysis contains statements of a forward-looking nature relating to future events or our future financial performance. As a result of many factors, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report and of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Please also see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We target high-volume production and high-value specialty solar markets. These include agrivoltaics, space, aerospace and high-value niche manufacturing/construction sectors. This strategy enables us to fully leverage what we believe are the unique advantages of our technology, including flexibility, durability and attractive power to weight and power to area performance. It further enables us to offer unique, differentiated solutions in large markets with less competition, and more attractive pricing.

Specifically, we focus on commercializing our proprietary solar technology in two high-value PV verticals:

I. Aerospace: Space, Near-space and Fixed Wing UAV

II. Agrivoltaics

We believe the value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these verticals, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like airships and fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap in the needs of end users across some of these verticals and believes it can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commercializing products for these customers.

The integration of Ascent's solar modules into space, near space, and aeronautic vehicles with ultra-lightweight and flexible solar modules is an important market opportunity for the Company. Customers in this market have historically required a high level of durability, high voltage and conversion efficiency from solar module suppliers, and we believe our products are well suited to compete in this premium market.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we generated $5,600 of total revenue. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $485,016,178.

Due to the high durability enabled by the monolithic integration employed by our technology, the capability to customize modules into different form factors and what we believe is the industry leading light weight and flexibility provided by our modules, we believe that the potential applications for our products are extensive, including integrated solutions anywhere that may need power generation such as vehicles in space or in flight, or dual-use installations on agricultural land.

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Commercialization and Manufacturing Strategy

We manufacture our products by affixing a thin CIGS layer to a flexible, plastic substrate using a large format, roll-to-roll process that permits us to fabricate our flexible PV modules in an integrated sequential operation. We use proprietary monolithic integration techniques which enable us to form complete PV modules with little to no back-end assembly cost of inter- cell connections. Traditional PV manufacturers assemble PV modules by bonding or soldering discrete PV cells together. This manufacturing step typically increases manufacturing costs and at times proves detrimental to the overall yield and reliability of the finished product. By reducing or eliminating this added step using our proprietary monolithic integration techniques, we believe we can achieve cost savings in, and increase the reliability of, our PV modules.

We plan to continue the development of our current PV technology to increase module efficiency, improve our manufacturing tooling and process capabilities and reduce manufacturing costs. We also plan to continue to take advantage of research and development contracts to fund a portion of this development.

Significant Trends, Uncertainties and Challenges

We believe the significant trends, uncertainties and challenges that directly or indirectly affect our financial performance and results of operations include:

•

Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•

Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•

Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•

Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•

Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•

The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•

Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•

Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market;

•

The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•

Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•

The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•

The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•

Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•

Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics; and

•

General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry.

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies used in reporting our financial results are reviewed by management on a regular basis. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Processes used to develop these estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ as outcomes from assumptions may change.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023			$ Change
Revenues
Products	$	5,600		$	99,225		$	(93,625	)
Milestone and engineering		-			25,000			(25,000	)
Total Revenues		5,600			124,225			(118,625	)

Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue		9,388			461,795			(452,407	)
Research, development and manufacturing operations		607,233			1,665,694			(1,058,461	)
Selling, general and administrative		1,060,041			1,591,821			(531,780	)
Share-based compensation		259,234			1,404,450			(1,145,216	)
Depreciation and amortization		20,757			25,781			(5,024	)
Impairment loss		524,481			-			524,481
Total Costs and Expenses		2,481,134			5,149,541			(2,668,407	)
Loss From Operations		(2,475,534	)		(5,025,316	)		2,549,782

Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		64,323			10,000			54,323
Interest Expense		(126,555	)		(1,068,036	)		941,481
Total Other Income/(Expense)		(62,232	)		(1,058,036	)		995,804
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		24			-			24
Net (Loss)/Income	$	(2,537,742	)	$	(6,083,352	)	$	3,545,610

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Total Revenues. Our total revenues decreased by $118,625, or 95%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a customer order and engineering revenue in the prior period were not repeated in the current period.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of repair and maintenance, material costs, and direct labor and overhead expenses. Our Cost of revenues decreased by $452,407, or 98%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing activities, as the Company focused on product and technology improvements in the current period.

Research, development and manufacturing operations. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs include costs incurred for product development, pre-production and production activities in our manufacturing facility. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs also include costs related to technology development. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs decreased by $1,058,461, or 64%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when

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compared to the same period in 2023. This is primarily due to a decrease in preproduction and manufacturing activities, as the Company focused on product and technology improvements in the current period.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $531,780, or 33%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in costs is due primarily to decreased personnel compensation and administrative costs.

Share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense decreased by $1,145,216 or 82% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease is due to the employment termination of former CEO in April 2023. This is partially offset with Company's grant to employees, directors, and advisory board in 2024.

Impairment loss. The Company recognized an impairment loss of $524,481 on the manufacturing assets purchased from Flisom during the three months ended March 31, 2024 . The Company did not recognize an impairment loss during the same period in 2023.

Other Income/Expense. Other expense was $62,232 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to other expense of $1,058,036 for the same period in 2023, a decline of $995,804. The decline is due primarily to a decrease in interest expense resulting from the accretion of debt discount and interest expense on the convertible debt recognized in the prior period.

Net Loss. Our Net Loss decreased by $3,545,610, or 58%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due primarily to the items mentioned above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company currently has limited PV production at its manufacturing facility. The Company does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until it has fully restarted its production at industrial scale and achieved desired improvements to its PV products. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company used $1,197,861 in cash for operations.

Additionally, projected total revenues are not anticipated to result in a positive cash flow position for the year overall and, as of March 31, 2024, the Company has working capital deficit of $4,724,265. As such, additional financing will be required for the Company to reach a level of sufficient sales to achieve profitability.

The Company continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic or financial investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company’s revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations, and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Statements of Cash Flows Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our cash used in operations was $1,197,861 compared to $4,937,627 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of $3,739,766. This decrease is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing activities, as the Company continues to focus on product and technology improvements. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in investing activities was $0 compared to $54,534 used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This change was primarily the result of a decrease purchase of equipment. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in operations of $1,197,861 were primarily funded from 2023 financing agreements.

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Off Balance Sheet Transactions

As of March 31, 2024, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are a “smaller reporting company” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. As a smaller reporting company, we may rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirement that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We hold no significant funds and have no significant future obligations denominated in foreign currencies as of March 31, 2024.

Although our reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar, we may conduct business and incur costs in the local currencies of other countries in which we may operate, make sales and buy materials. As a result, we are subject to currency translation risk. Further, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar could affect our future net sales and cost of sales and could result in exchange losses.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash equivalents and investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2024, our cash equivalents consisted only of operating accounts held with financial institutions. From time to time, we may hold restricted funds, money market funds, investments in U.S. government securities and high-quality corporate securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and provide liquidity on demand, while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. The direct risk to us associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio, and we do not believe a change in interest rates will have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Our management conducted an evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act as of March 31, 2024. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements, there were no events required to be reported under Item 1 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, within Part II, Item 1 of this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

We may not be able to maintain our current listing for our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Our inability to maintain our current listing on Nasdaq may limit the liquidity of our stock, increase its volatility, and hinder our ability to raise capital. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for quotation on an over-the-counter quotation system or on the pink sheets. Upon any such delisting, our common stock would become subject to the regulations of the SEC relating to the market for penny stocks. A penny stock is any equity security not traded on a national securities exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The regulations applicable to penny stocks may severely affect the market liquidity for our common stock and could limit the ability of shareholders to sell securities in the secondary market. In such a case, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock, and there can be no assurance that our common stock will be eligible for trading or quotation on any alternative exchanges or markets.

Delisting from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through public or private sales of equity securities, would significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

Nasdaq Bid Price Notice

On December 11, 2023, the Company received a written notice (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that the Company is not in compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Bid Price Requirement”).

The Notice does not result in the immediate delisting of the Company’s common stock from The Nasdaq Capital Market.

The Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share and, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock for the 30 consecutive business days for the period October 27 through December 8, 2023, the Company no longer meets this requirement.

The Notice indicated that the Company will be provided 180 calendar days (or June 10, 2024) in which to regain compliance. If at any time during this 180 calendar day period the bid price of the Company’s common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, the Nasdaq staff (the “Staff”) will provide the Company with a written confirmation of compliance and the matter will be closed.

Alternatively, if the Company fails to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) prior to the expiration of the initial 180 calendar day period, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period, provided (i) it meets the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (except for the Bid Price Requirement) and (ii) it provides written notice to Nasdaq of its intention to cure this deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. In the event the Company does not regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) prior to the expiration of the initial 180 calendar day period, and if it appears to the Staff that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if the Company is not otherwise

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eligible, the Staff will provide the Company with written notification that its securities are subject to delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market. At that time, the Company may appeal the delisting determination to a Hearings Panel.

The Company intends to monitor the closing bid price of its common stock and is considering its options to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. The Company’s receipt of the Notice does not affect the Company’s reporting requirements with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Nasdaq Stockholder Equity Requirement

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires companies listed on Nasdaq to maintain a minimum of $2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity for continued listing. On July 28, 2023, Staff notified the Company that the Equity Rule served as an additional and separate basis for delisting. The Company requested a hearing, which was scheduled for October 12, 2023 (the “October Hearing”). On October 2, 2023, the Company completed a public offering of units for gross proceeds of $10.3 million and regained compliance with the Equity Rule. As a result, on October 11, 2023, the Company did not have to attend the October Hearing.

On March 5, 2024, the Company received notice (the “Second Notice”) from the Staff stating that the Company is not in compliance with the Equity Rule, as, the Company reported stockholders’ equity of $(1,526,611) in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024, the Company reported stockholders’ equity of $(2,550,139).

As a result, the Staff determined to delist the Company’s Common Stock from Nasdaq, unless the Company timely requests an appeal of the Staff’s determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”), pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series.

The Company has a hearing on May 9, 2024 before the Panel to appeal the Second Notice and to address compliance with the Equity Rule.

While the appeal process is pending, the suspension of trading of the Company’s common stock will be stayed and the common stock will continue to trade on Nasdaq through the hearing and the expiration of any additional extension period granted by the Panel following the hearing.

There are no assurances however, that a favorable decision will be obtained from the Panel.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans

Our policy governing transactions in our securities by directors, officers, and employees permits our officers, directors, and certain other persons to enter into trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Generally, under these trading plans, the individual relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place and can only

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put such plans into place while the individual is not in possession of material non-public information. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after significant events involving our company.

During the first quarter of 2024, none of our directors or executive officers had a Rule 10b5-1 plan in effect.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits on this Form 10-Q are filed or incorporated into this Form 10-Q by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description

1.1*		2024 Placement Agency Agreement

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011)

3.3		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 11, 2014)

3.4		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated August 26, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 2, 2014)

3.5		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated October 27, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 28, 2014)

3.6		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated December 22, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2014)

3.7		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2009)

3.8		First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009)

3.9		Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 25, 2013)

3.10		Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2015)

3.11		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated May 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 2, 2016)

3.12		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 15, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 16, 2016)

3.13		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated March 16, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 17, 2017)

3.14		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated July 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 23, 2018)

3.15		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 23, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021)

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3.16		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated January 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 2, 2022)

3.17		Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)

3.18		Amendment to the Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation dated July 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023)

3.19		Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 15, 2023).

4.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on June 6, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

4.2		Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed July 1, 2013 (Reg. No. 333-189739))

4.3		Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 13, 2021)

4.4		Form of 2023 Common Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.5		Form of 2023 Prefunded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.6		Form of 2023 Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.7		Form of 2023 Common Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.8		Form of 2023 Prefunded Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.9		Form of 2023 Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

4.10		Form of 2024 Placement Agent’s Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) Amendment No. 3 filed on April 9, 2024).

4.11		Form of 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) Amendment No. 1 filed on February 23, 2024)

4.12		Form of 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-277070) filed on February 23, 2024)

4.13*		Form of 2024 Common Stock Warrants issued to extend the Warrant Repurchase Agreements

10.1 CTR		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.2 CTR		Invention and Trade Secret Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.3		Patent Application Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

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10.4 CTR		License Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.5		Letter Agreement, dated November 23, 2005, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the University of Delaware (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on May 26, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))

10.6 CTR		License Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, between the Company and UD Technology Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2006)

10.7		Novation Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the United States Government (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2006)

10.8†		Executive Employment Agreement, dated April 4, 2014, between the Company and Victor Lee (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 9, 2014)

10.9†		Seventh Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex B of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)

10.10†		Seventh Amended and Restated 2008 Restricted Stock Plan Stock Option Plan Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)

10.11+		Industrial Lease for 12300 Grant Street, Thornton, Colorado dated September 21, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed January 29, 2021)

10.12+		Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement dated September 15, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021)

10.13		Fleur Capital Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note dated January 3, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022)

10.14		Nanyang Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note dated January 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022)

10.15		Bridge Promissory Note dated August 3, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.16		Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.17		Form of Common Stock Warrant Related to Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)

10.18		Common Stock Warrant dated August 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022)

10.19†		Separation Agreement and Release of Claims between the Company and Victor Lee dated September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 22, 2022)

10.20†CTR		Employment Agreement between the Company and Jeffrey Max dated September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2022)

10.21†		Separation Agreement between the Company and Michael Gilbreth effective December 11, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2022)

10.22†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated December 12, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2022)

10.23		Securities Purchase Contract, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.24		Form of Security Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

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10.25		Form of Registered Advance Note 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.26		Form of Private Placement Advance Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.27		Form of 2022 Common Stock Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)

10.28		Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2023)

10.29		Amendment to Waiver and Amendment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2023)

10.30		Common Stock Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 20, 2023)

10.31		Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.32		Transition Services Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.33		Sublease Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.34		Technology License Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.35		Letter Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)

10.36†		CEO Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated as of May 1, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2023)

10.37		Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023)

10.38		Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)

10.39		2024 Placement Agent Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))

10.40†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Bobby Gulati dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)

10.41†		Employment Agreement between the Company and Jin Jo dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)

10.42†		Ascent Solar 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of our definitive proxy statement dated October 23, 2023)

10.43		Warrant Repurchase Agreement dated March 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2024)

10.44		Warrant Repurchase Agreement dated March 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2024)

10.45		Cedar Loan Agreement dated April 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2024)

31.1*		Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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31.2*		Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*		Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*		Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*		Filed herewith

CTR		Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.

†		Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

+		Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Rule 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. The omitted information is (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the Company if publicly disclosed.

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ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 9th day of May, 2024.




May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ JIN H. JO
		Jin H. Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 1.1

PLACEMENT AGENCY AGREEMENT

Dawson James Securities, Inc.
1 North Federal Highway
Boca Raton, Florida 33432

April 9, 2024

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This letter (this “Agreement”) constitutes the agreement between Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Dawson James Securities, Inc. (“Dawson”) pursuant to which Dawson shall serve as the placement agent (the “Placement Agent”) (the “Services”), for the Company, on a reasonable “best efforts” basis, in connection with the proposed offer and placement (the “Offering”) by the Company of its Securities (as defined Section 3 of this Agreement). The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that Dawson’s obligations hereunder are on a reasonable “best efforts” basis only and that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a commitment by Dawson to purchase the Securities and does not ensure the successful placement of the Securities or any portion thereof or the success of Dawson placing the Securities.

Appointment of Dawson James Securities, Inc. as Exclusive Placement Agent.

On the basis of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company herein contained, and subject to all the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Company hereby appoints the Placement Agent as its exclusive placement agent in connection with a distribution of its Securities to be offered and sold by the Company pursuant to a registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) on Form S-1 (File No. 333-277070), and Dawson agrees to act as the Company’s exclusive Placement Agent. Pursuant to this appointment, the Placement Agent will solicit offers for the purchase of or attempt to place all or part of the Securities of the Company in the proposed Offering. Until the final closing or earlier upon termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, solicit or accept offers to purchase the Securities other than through the Placement Agent. The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent will act as an agent of the Company and use its reasonable “best efforts” to solicit offers to purchase the Securities from the Company on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth in the Prospectus (as defined below). The Placement Agent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to assist the Company in obtaining performance by each Purchaser whose offer to purchase Securities has been solicited by the Placement Agent, but the Placement Agent shall not, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, be obligated to disclose the identity of any potential purchaser or have any liability to the Company in the event any such purchase is not consummated for any reason. Under no circumstances will the Placement Agent be obligated to underwrite or purchase any Securities for its own account and, in soliciting purchases of the Securities, the Placement Agent shall act solely as an agent of the Company. The Services provided pursuant to this Agreement shall be on an “agency” basis and not on a “principal” basis.

The Placement Agent will solicit offers for the purchase of the Securities in the Offering at such times and in such amounts as the Placement Agent deems advisable. The Company shall have the sole right to accept offers to purchase Securities and may reject any such offer, in whole or in part. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents on its behalf in connection with the Offering and may pay any sub-agent a solicitation fee with respect to any Securities placed by it. The Company and Placement Agent shall negotiate the timing and terms of the Offering and acknowledge that the Offering and the provision of Placement Agent services related to the Offering are subject to market conditions and the receipt of all required related clearances and approvals.

Fees; Expenses; Other Arrangements.

Placement Agent’s Fee. As compensation for services rendered, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent in cash by wire transfer in immediately available funds to an account or accounts designated by the Placement Agent an amount (the “Placement Fee”) equal to eight percent (8.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Securities (provided, that with respect to Securities sold to investors introduced to the Offering by the Company the Placement Fee shall be four percent (4.0%)), at the closing (the “Closing” and the date on which the Closing occurs, the “Closing Date”); and the Company shall issue to the Placement Agent or its designees at the Closing five-year warrants to purchase such number of Shares (as defined in Section 3) equal to 3.0% of the aggregate Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants sold in this Offering, at an exercise price of $0.175 (125% of the price per Share), which warrants shall be exercisable at any time, during the period commencing six months from the date of the Offering (the “Placement Agent Warrant” and together with the shares of Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent Warrant, the “Placement Agent Securities”). The Placement Agent may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date the Placement Fee set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Placement Agent.

Offering Expenses. The Company will be responsible for and will pay all expenses relating to the Offering, including, without limitation, (a) all filing fees and expenses relating to the registration of the Securities with the Commission; (b) all FINRA Public Offering filing fees; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market; (d) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of the Securities under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as Dawson may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of “blue sky” counsel); (e) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of the Securities under the securities laws of such foreign jurisdictions as Dawson may reasonably designate; (f) the costs of all mailing and printing of the Offering documents; (g) transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of Securities from the Company to Investors; (h) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; (i) up to $5,000 of “road show” expenses and diligence expenses, and (j) fees and expenses of Dawson’s counsel and other agents and representatives not to exceed in the aggregate $150,000. The Placement Agent may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Placement Agent, provided, however, that in the event that the Offering is terminated, the Company agrees to reimburse the Placement Agent to the extent required by Section 5 hereof.

Tail Financing. The Placement Agent shall be entitled to fees per Section 2.A. of this Agreement with respect to any public or private offering or other financing or capital-raising transaction of any kind (“Tail Financing”) to the extent that such Tail Financing is provided to the Company by any investors that the Placement Agent has introduced to the the Company by face to face meeting or video conference call to participate in the Offering or anyone who participates in the Offering, , if such Tail Financing is consummated at any time within the 9-month period following the Closing Date.; provided however that this paragraph 2C shall not be applicable to any financing provided by or solicited from any person or entity who is a holder of the Company’s debt or equity securities on the date hereof, investors that the Company brings into the offering, and any other investors agreed by the Company and the Placement Agent.

Description of the Offering.

The Securities to be offered directly to various investors (each, an “Investor” or “Purchaser” and, collectively, the “Investors” or the “Purchasers”) in the Offering shall consist of shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock” or “Shares”) and pre-funded warrants (each, in lieu of one share of common stock) to purchase a share of Common Stock (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) (together, the “Securities”). The purchase price for one Share shall be $0.14 per Share and the purchase price for one Pre-Funded Warrant shall be $0.1399 (each, the “Purchase Price”). If the Company shall default in its obligations to deliver Securities to a Purchaser whose offer it has accepted and who has tendered payment, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Placement Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage or expense arising from or as a result of such default by the Company under this Agreement.

Delivery and Payment; Closing.

Settlement of the Securities purchased by an Investor shall be made by 5:00 p.m. on the Closing Date by wire transfer from the Placement Agent in federal (same day) funds, payable to the order of the Company after electronic

delivery of the Shares via the DWAC system (or such other method agreed to by the parties) in accordance with the Placement Agent’s instructions as requested in writing prior to the Closing Date. The term “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law to close in New York, New York.

The Closing shall occur at such place as shall be agreed upon by the Placement Agent and the Company. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, each Closing shall take place at the offices of ArentFox Schiff LLP, 1717 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006. Deliveries of the documents with respect to the purchase of the Securities, if any, shall be made at the offices of ArentFox Schiff LLP, 1717 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006 on the Closing Date. All actions taken at a Closing shall be deemed to have occurred simultaneously.

Term and Termination of Agreement.

The term of this Agreement will commence upon the execution of this Agreement and will terminate at the earlier of the Closing of the Offering or 11:59 p.m. (New York Time) on the fifth Business Day after the date hereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any provision in this Agreement concerning or relating to confidentiality, indemnification, contribution, advancement, the Company’s representations and warranties and the Company’s obligations to pay fees and reimburse expenses will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. If any condition specified in Section 8 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Placement Agent by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to a Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that those portions of this Agreement specified in Section 19 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event that this Agreement shall not be carried out for any reason whatsoever, within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Placement Agent the expenses provided for in Section 2.B. above and upon demand the Company shall pay the full amount thereof to the Placement Agent.

Permitted Acts.

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit the ability of the Placement Agent, its officers, directors, employees, agents, associated persons and any individual or entity “controlling,” controlled by,” or “under common control” with the Placement Agent (as those terms are defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) to conduct its business including without limitation the ability to pursue, investigate, analyze, invest in, or engage in investment banking, financial advisory or any other business relationship with any individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Company.

As of the date and time of the execution of this Agreement, the Closing Date and the Initial Sale Time (as defined herein), the Company represents, warrants and covenants to the Placement Agent, other than as disclosed in any of its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), that:

Registration Matters.

The Company has filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-277070) including a related prospectus, for the registration of certain securities (the “Shelf Securities”), including the Shares, under the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”). The registration statement has been declared effective under the Securities Act by the Commission. The “Registration Statement,” as of any time, means such registration statement as amended by any post-effective amendments thereto to such time, including the exhibits and any schedules thereto at such time, the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Form S-1 under the Securities Act and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to Rule 430A (“Rule 430A”) or Rule 430B under the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 430B”); provided, however, that the “Registration Statement” without reference to a time

means such registration statement as amended by any post-effective amendments thereto as of the time of the first contract of sale for the Securities, which time shall be considered the “new effective date” of such registration statement with respect to the Securities within the meaning of paragraph (f)(2) of Rule 430B, including the exhibits and schedules thereto as of such time, the documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Form S-1 under the Securities Act and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 430B. Any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act Regulations is hereinafter called the “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement,” and after such filing the term “Registration Statement” shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The term “Preliminary Prospectus” means any preliminary form of the Prospectus, including any preliminary prospectus supplement specifically related to the Securities filed with the Commission by the Company with the consent of the Placement Agent.

ii.

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included” or “stated” (or other references of like import) in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include all such financial statements and schedules and other information incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement; and all references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Exchange Act Regulations”), incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, at or after the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

iii.

The term “Disclosure Package” means (i) the Preliminary Prospectus, as most recently amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Initial Sale Time (as defined herein), and (ii) the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses (as defined below), if any, identified in Schedule I hereto. For purposes of clarity, the Company is not eligible to use a Free Writing Prospectus.

iv.

The term “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act Regulations. The term “Free Writing Prospectus” means any free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations.

Any Preliminary Prospectus when filed with the Commission, and the Registration Statement as of each effective date and as of the date hereof, complied or will comply, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus will, when they become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, comply, in all material respects, with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations; and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus complied, and any further documents so incorporated will comply, when filed with the Commission, in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Regulations.

vi.

The issuance by the Company of the Securities has been registered under the Securities Act. The Securities will be issued pursuant to the Registration Statement and each of the Securities will be freely transferable and freely tradable by each of the Investors without restriction, unless otherwise restricted by applicable law or regulation.

Stock Exchange Listing. The Common Stock is approved for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market (the “Exchange”) and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the shares of Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing.

No Stop Orders, etc. Neither the Commission nor, to the Company's knowledge, any state regulatory authority has issued any order preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or has instituted or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened to institute, any proceedings with respect to such an order. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.

Subsidiaries. The Company's subsidiaries have been duly incorporated and are validly existing as entities in good standing under the laws of jurisdictions of their respective organization, with power and authority to own, lease and operate their respective properties and conduct their respective businesses as described in the Preliminary Prospectus, and have been duly qualified as foreign corporations for the transaction of business and are in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdictions in which they own or lease properties or conduct any business so as to require such qualification, except where the failure so to qualify or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Change (as defined below); all of the issued and outstanding capital stock (or other ownership interests) of such subsidiaries has been duly and validly authorized and issued, is fully paid and non-assessable and is owned, directly and indirectly, by the Company free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity. Unless otherwise set forth, all references in this Section 7 to the “Company” shall include references to all such subsidiaries.

Disclosures in Registration Statement.

vii.

Compliance with Securities Act and 10b-5 Representation.

(a)

Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. The Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time each was or will be filed with the Commission, complied or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. The Preliminary Prospectus delivered to the Placement Agent for use in connection with this Offering and the Prospectus was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(b)

None of the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto, or the Preliminary Prospectus, as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on April 9, 2024 (the “Initial Sale Time”), and at the Closing Date, contained, contains or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements made or statements omitted in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company with respect to the Placement Agent by the Placement Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Placement Agent consists solely of the following disclosure contained in the following paragraphs in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus: (i) the name of the Placement Agent, and (ii) the information under the subsection “Fees and Expenses” (the “Placement Agent’s Information”).

(c)

The Disclosure Package, as of the Initial Sale Time and at the Closing Date, did not, does not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, or the Prospectus, and each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as supplemented by and taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus as of the Initial Sale Time, did not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements made or statements omitted in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company with respect to the Placement Agent by the Placement Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the

Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Placement Agent consists solely of the Placement Agent’s Information; and

(d)

Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto, as of its issue date, at the time of any filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), or at the Closing Date, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to the Placement Agent's Information.

viii.

Disclosure of Agreements. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations to be described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and (ii) is material to the Company's business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company's knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the Company's knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company's knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. To the Company's knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses (each, a “Governmental Entity”), including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations.

ix.

Prior Securities Transactions. For the past three completed fiscal years through the date hereof, no securities of the Company have been sold by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, by or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any person or persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Preliminary Prospectus or, with respect to parties other than the Company, other filings by such other persons with the Commission.

Regulations. The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the Offering and the Company's business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects and no other such regulations are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which are not so disclosed.

xi.

Changes After Dates in Registration Statement.

(e)

No Material Adverse Change. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as

otherwise specifically stated therein: (i) there has been no material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company, nor any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, assets or prospects of the Company (a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) there have been no material transactions entered into by the Company, other than as contemplated pursuant to this Agreement; and (iii) no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company.

(f)

Recent Securities Transactions, etc. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as may otherwise be indicated or contemplated herein or disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities (other than (a) grants under any stock compensation plan and (b) shares of common stock issued upon exercise or conversion of option, warrants or convertible securities described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus) or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.

Independent Accountants. To the knowledge of the Company, Haynie & Company, during such time as it was engaged by the Company (the “Auditors”), has been an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. During such time period in which the Auditors served as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm the Auditors did not or have not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.

SEC Reports; Financial Statements, etc. The Company has complied in all material respects with requirements to file all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate. The financial statements, including the notes thereto and supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, fairly present in all material respects the financial position and the results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods to which they apply; and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP, consistently applied throughout the periods involved (provided that unaudited interim financial statements are subject to year-end audit adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate and do not contain all footnotes required by GAAP); and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein. Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information and the related notes, if any, included in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus have been properly compiled and prepared in all material respects in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act

Regulations and present fairly in all material respects the information shown therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission), if any, comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. Each of the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus discloses all material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), and other relationships of the Company with unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have a material current or future effect on the Company's financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenues or expenses. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (a) the Company has not incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business, (b) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock, (c) there has not been any change in the capital stock of the Company (other than (i) grants under any stock compensation plan and (ii) shares of common stock issued upon exercise or conversion of option, warrants or convertible securities described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), and (d) there has not been any Material Adverse Change in the Company's long-term or short-term debt.

Authorized Capital; Options, etc. The Company had, at the date or dates indicated in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the duly authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth therein. Based on the assumptions stated in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company will have on the Closing Date the adjusted stock capitalization set forth therein. Except as set forth in, or contemplated by, the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, on the Effective Date, as of the Initial Sale Time, on the Closing Date, there will be no stock options, warrants, or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire any authorized, but unissued shares of Common Stock of the Company or any security convertible or exercisable into shares of Common Stock of the Company, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell shares of Common Stock or any such options, warrants, rights or convertible securities.

Valid Issuance of Securities, etc.

xii.

Outstanding Securities. All issued and outstanding securities of the Company issued prior to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof have no rights of rescission with respect thereto, and are not subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, none of such securities were issued in violation of the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The authorized shares of Common Stock, Company preferred stock and other outstanding securities conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the purchasers of such shares, exempt from such registration requirements.

xiii.

Securities Sold Pursuant to this Agreement. The Common Stock and Placement Agent Securities have been duly authorized for issuance and sale and, when issued and paid for, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the Common Stock and Placement Agent Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Common Stock and Placement Agent Securities has been duly and validly taken; the Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent Warrant has been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and when paid for, if applicable, and issued in accordance with the Placement Agent Warrants, such Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and such shares of Common Stock are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The Securities conform in all

material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

Registration Rights of Third Parties. No existing holders of any securities of the Company or any rights exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into securities of the Company have the right to require the Company to register any such securities of the Company under the Securities Act or to include any such securities in a registration statement to be filed by the Company. For purposes of clarity, the Company will issue the Placement Agent Warrant with such registration rights.

Validity and Binding Effect of Agreements. This Agreement and the Placement Agent Warrant each has been duly and validly authorized by the Company, and, when executed and delivered, will constitute, the valid and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its respective terms, except: (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.

No Conflicts, etc. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the Placement Agent Warrant and all ancillary documents, the consummation by the Company of the transactions herein and therein contemplated and the compliance by the Company with the terms hereof and thereof do not and will not, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both: (i) result in a material breach of, or conflict with any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a material default under, or result in the creation, modification, termination or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party; (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the “Charter”) or the by-laws of the Company (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the “Bylaws”); or (iii) violate any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Entity as of the date hereof.

Reserved.

No Defaults; Violations. No material default exists in the due performance and observance of any term, covenant or condition of any material license, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, loan or credit agreement, or any other agreement or instrument evidencing an obligation for borrowed money, or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company may be bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company is subject. The Company is not (i) in violation of any term or provision of its Charter or Bylaws, or (ii) in violation of any franchise, license, permit, applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment or decree of any Governmental Entity applicable to the Company.

Corporate Power; Licenses; Consents.

xiv.

Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has all requisite corporate power and authority, and has all necessary authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses, certificates and permits of and from all governmental regulatory officials and bodies that it needs as of the date hereof to conduct its business purpose as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

xv.

The Company has all corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions and conditions hereof, and all consents, authorizations, approvals and orders required in connection therewith have been obtained. No consent, authorization or order of, and no filing with, any court, government agency or other body is required for the valid issuance, sale and delivery of the Common Stock, Placement Agent Warrants and shares of Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent Warrants, and the consummation of the transactions and agreements contemplated by this Agreement and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except with respect to applicable federal and state

securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).

Litigation; Governmental Proceedings. There is no material action, suit, proceeding, inquiry, arbitration, investigation, litigation or governmental proceeding pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened against, or involving the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, any executive officer or director which has not been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or in connection with the Company's listing application for the additional listing of the Common Stock (including the Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent Warrant) on the Exchange.

Good Standing. The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation and is in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware as of the date hereof, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification, except where the failure to qualify, singularly or in the aggregate, would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

Insurance. The Company carries or is entitled to the benefits of insurance, with, to the Company's knowledge, reputable insurers, and in such amounts and covering such risks which the Company believes are reasonably adequate, and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.

Transactions Affecting Disclosure to FINRA.

xvi.

Finder's Fees. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no claims, payments, arrangements, agreements or understandings relating to the payment of a finder's, consulting or origination fee by the Company or any executive officer or director of the Company (each an, “Insider”) with respect to the sale of the Securities hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Placement Agent’s compensation, as determined by FINRA.

xvii.

Payments Within Twelve (12) Months. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder's fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve (12) months prior to the date hereof, other than (A) the payment to the Placement Agent as provided hereunder in connection with the Offering, and (B) other payments to the Placement Agent under other engagement letters.

xviii.

Use of Proceeds. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.

xix.

FINRA Affiliation. There is no (i) officer or director of the Company, (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, beneficial owner of 5% or more of any class of the Company's securities or (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, beneficial owner of the Company's unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180-day period immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement that is an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).

xx.

Information. To the Company's knowledge, all information provided by the Company's officers and directors in their FINRA Questionnaires to counsel to the Placement Agent specifically for use by counsel to the Placement Agent in connection with its Public Offering System filings (and related disclosure) with FINRA is true, correct and complete in all material respects.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Neither the Company nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any other person acting on behalf of the Company, has, directly or indirectly, given or agreed to give any money, gift or similar benefit (other than legal price concessions to customers in the ordinary course of business) to any customer, supplier, employee or agent of a customer or supplier, or official or employee of any Governmental Entity or any political party or candidate for office (domestic or foreign) or other person who was, is, or may be in a position to help or hinder the business of the Company (or assist it in connection with any actual or proposed transaction) that (i) might subject the Company to any damage or penalty in any civil, criminal or governmental litigation or proceeding, (ii) if not given in the past, might have had a Material Adverse Change or (iii) if not continued in the future, might adversely affect the assets, business, operations or prospects of the Company. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

Compliance with OFAC. Neither of the Company nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any other person acting on behalf of the Company, is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Offering hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

Officers' Certificate. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to you or to Placement Agent Counsel shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Placement Agent as to the matters covered thereby.

Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that have not been described as required.

Board of Directors. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the board comply with the Exchange Act, the Exchange Act Regulations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) applicable to the Company and the listing rules of the Exchange. At least one member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined under Regulation S-K and the listing rules of the Exchange. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as “independent,” as defined under the listing rules of the Exchange.

Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance.

xxi.

The Company has developed and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures that will comply with Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations applicable to it, and such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information

concerning the Company will be made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company's Exchange Act filings and other public disclosure documents.

xxii.

The Company is, or at the Initial Sale Time and on the Closing Date will be, in material compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act applicable to it, and has implemented or will implement such programs and taken reasonable steps to ensure the Company's future compliance (not later than the relevant statutory and regulatory deadlines therefor) with all of the material provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

AA.

Accounting Controls. The Company maintains systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined under Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations) that comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal controls. The Auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses, if any, in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are known to the Company's management and that have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company' ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, if any, known to the Company's management, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.

BB.

No Investment Company Status. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the Offering and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be, required to register as an “investment company,” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

CC.

No Labor Disputes. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent, except where such dispute would not be expected to have a Material Adverse Change.

DD.

Intellectual Property Rights. To the Company's knowledge, the Company has, or can acquire on reasonable terms, ownership of and/or license to, or otherwise has the right to use, all inventions, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), patents and patent rights trademarks, service marks and trade names, copyrights, (collectively “Intellectual Property”) material to carrying on its business as described in the Prospectus. The Company has not received any correspondence relating to (A) infringement or misappropriation of, or conflict with, any Intellectual Property of a third party; (B) asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property of the Company; or (C) assertions that any Intellectual Property of the Company is invalid or otherwise inadequate to protect the interest of the Company, that in each case (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding), individually or in the aggregate, would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change. There are no third parties who have been able to establish any material rights to any Intellectual Property, except for the retained rights of the owners or licensors of any Intellectual Property that is licensed to the Company. There is no pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others: (A) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual Property of the Company or (B) challenging the Company's rights in or to any Intellectual Property or (C) that the Company materially infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates or conflicts with any Intellectual Property or other proprietary rights of others. The Company has complied in all material respects with the terms of each agreement described in the Registration Statement, Disclosure Package or Prospectus pursuant to which any Intellectual Property is licensed to the Company, and all such agreements related to products currently made or sold by the Company, or to product candidates currently under development, are in full force and effect. All patents issued in the name of, or assigned to, the Company, and all patent applications made by or on behalf of the Company (collectively, the

“Company Patents”) have been duly and properly filed. The Company is not aware of any material information that was required to be disclosed to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “PTO”) but that was not disclosed to the PTO with respect to any issued Company Patent, or that is required to be disclosed and has not yet been disclosed in any pending application in the Company Patents and that would preclude the grant of a patent on such application. To the Company's knowledge, the Company is the sole owner of the Company Patents.

EE.

Taxes. The Company has filed all returns (as hereinafter defined) required to be filed with taxing authorities prior to the date hereof or has duly obtained extensions of time for the filing thereof. The Company has paid all taxes (as hereinafter defined) shown as due on such returns that were filed and has paid all taxes imposed on or assessed against the Company, except for such exceptions as could not be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Change. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. Except as disclosed in writing to the Placement Agent, (i) no issues have been raised (and are currently pending) by any taxing authority in connection with any of the returns or taxes asserted as due from the Company, and (ii) no waivers of statutes of limitation with respect to the returns or collection of taxes have been given by or requested from the Company. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments or charges of any kind whatever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.

FF.

Employee Benefit Laws. To the extent applicable, the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Employee Benefit Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to the Employee Benefit Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

GG.

Compliance with Laws. The Company: (A) is and at all times has been in compliance with all Applicable Laws, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (B) has not received any correspondence from any Governmental Entity alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any Authorizations; (C) possesses all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and the Company is not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations, in each case except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (D) has not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Governmental Entity or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such Governmental Entity or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (E) has not received written notice that any Governmental Entity has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations; (F) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (G) has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted, or issued or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, post-sale warning, “dear doctor” letter, or other notice or action relating to the alleged lack of safety or efficacy of any product or any alleged product defect or violation and, to the Company's knowledge, no third party has initiated, conducted or intends to initiate any such notice or action.

HH.

[Reserved.]

II.

Industry Data. The statistical and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company

reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate or represent the Company's good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources.

JJ.

Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

KK.

Margin Securities. The Company owns no “margin securities” as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and none of the proceeds of Offering will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any of the shares of Common Stock to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.

LL.

Integration. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the Offering to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act that would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act.

MM.

Confidentiality and Non-Competition. To the Company's knowledge, no director, officer, key employee or consultant of the Company is subject to any confidentiality, non-disclosure, non-competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any employer or prior employer that could reasonably be expected to materially affect his ability to be and act in his respective capacity of the Company or be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

NN.

Restriction on Sales of Capital Stock. The Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that it will not, for a period of one month after the date of this Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company, other than pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 for employee benefit plans;, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (iv) publicly announce an intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (i), (ii) or (iii). The restrictions contained in this section shall not apply to (i) the issuance by the Company of Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options, warrants or the conversion of a security, in each case, that is outstanding on the date hereof, or (ii) the grant by the Company of stock options or other stock-based awards, or the issuance of shares of capital stock of the Company under any stock compensation plan of the Company in effect on the date hereof.

OO.

Lock-Up Agreements. The Company has caused each of its officers and directors to deliver to the Placement Agent an executed Lock-Up Agreement, in such form as approved by the Placement Agent (the “Lock-Up Agreement”), prior to the execution of this Agreement.

Conditions of the Obligations of the Placement Agent.

The obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 7 hereof, in each case as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by each of the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder on and as of such dates, and to each of the following additional conditions:

Regulatory Matters.

xxiii.

Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Rule 424 Information. The Registration Statement is effective on the date of this Agreement, and, on the Closing Date no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated by the Commission. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed by the Closing Date, shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

xxiv.

FINRA Clearance. On or before the Closing Date of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Placement Agent as described in the Registration Statement.

xxv.

Listing of Additional Shares. On or before the Closing Date of this Agreement, the Company shall have received clearance from The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. with respect to the Company’s application for the additional listing of the securities sold in the Offering.

Company Counsel Matters.

xxvi.

On the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received the favorable opinion of Carroll Legal LLC, outside counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Placement Agent, substantially in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.

Reserved.

Officers’ Certificates.

xxvii.

Officers’ Certificate. The Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) such officers have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, in their opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of the Initial Sale Time and through the Closing Date did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Disclosure Package, as of the Initial Sale Time through the Closing Date, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as of its date and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of the respective date thereof and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, (ii) since the filing of the most recent Form 10-Q, no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) to their knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date, and (iv) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent audited financial statements included in the Disclosure Package, any Material Adverse Change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company, or any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a Material Adverse Change or a prospective Material Adverse Change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, assets or prospects of the Company, except as set forth in the Prospectus.

xxviii.

Secretary’s Certificate. As of the Closing Date the Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Secretary of the Company, dated the Closing Date, certifying: (i) that each of the Company’s Charter and Bylaws is true and complete, has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors relating to the Offering are in full force and effect and have not been modified; and (iii) the good standing of the Company and its U.S. subsidiaries. The documents referred to in such certificate shall be attached to such certificate.

No Material Changes. Prior to and on the Closing Date: (i) there shall have been no Material Adverse Change or development involving a prospective Material Adverse Change in the condition or prospects or the business activities, financial or otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (ii) no action, suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any affiliates of the Company before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business, operations, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and (iv) the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and neither the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

Reservation of Common Stock. So long as any Placement Agent Warrants remain outstanding, the Company shall take all action necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved for the purpose of issuance, no less than 100% of the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrant.

Delivery of Agreements.

(i) Lock-Up Agreements. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Company shall have delivered to the Placement Agent executed copies of the Lock-Up Agreements from each of the Company’s officers and directors.

(ii) Placement Agent Warrant. On the Closing Date, the Company shall have delivered to the Placement Agent an executed copy of the Placement Agent Warrant(s) in such designations as requested by the Placement Agent.

Additional Documents. At the Closing Date, Placement Agent Counsel shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may require in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent Counsel.

Indemnification and Contribution; Procedures.

Indemnification of the Placement Agent. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each person controlling such Placement Agent (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act), and the directors, officers, agents and employees of the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each such controlling person (the Placement Agent, and each such entity or person hereafter is referred to as an “Indemnified Person”) from and against any losses, claims, damages, judgments, assessments, costs and other liabilities (collectively, the “Liabilities”), and shall reimburse each Indemnified Person for all fees and expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the Indemnified Persons, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement) (collectively, the “Expenses”) and agrees to advance payment of such Expenses as they

are incurred by an Indemnified Person in investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any actions, whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party thereto, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (i) the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (ii) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the Offering, including any “road show” or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); or (iii) any application or other document or written communication (in this Section 9, collectively called “application”) executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, any national securities exchange; or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Placement Agent’s information. The Company also agrees to reimburse each Indemnified Person for all Expenses as they are incurred in connection with such Indemnified Person’s enforcement of his or its rights under this Agreement. Each Indemnified Person is an intended third party beneficiary with the same rights to enforce the indemnification that each Indemnified Person would have if he was a party to this Agreement.

Procedure. Upon receipt by an Indemnified Person of actual notice of an action against such Indemnified Person with respect to which indemnity may reasonably be expected to be sought under this Agreement, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify the Company in writing; provided that failure by any Indemnified Person so to notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any obligation or liability which the Company may have on account of this Section 9 or otherwise to such Indemnified Person, except to the extent (and only to the extent) that its ability to assume the defense is actually impaired by such failure or delay. The Company shall, if requested by the Placement Agent, assume the defense of any such action (including the employment of counsel and reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent). Any Indemnified Person shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless: (i) the Company has failed promptly to assume the defense and employ counsel for the benefit of the Placement Agent and the other Indemnified Persons or (ii) such Indemnified Person shall have been advised that in the opinion of counsel that there is an actual or potential conflict of interest that prevents (or makes it imprudent for) the counsel engaged by the Company for the purpose of representing the Indemnified Person, to represent both such Indemnified Person and any other person represented or proposed to be represented by such counsel, it being understood, however, that the Company shall not be liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), representing the Placement Agent and all Indemnified persons who are parties to such action. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any action effected without its written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld). In addition, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, settle, compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened action in respect of which advancement, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not such Indemnified Person is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination (i) includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Person, acceptable to such Indemnified Party, from all Liabilities arising out of such action for which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person. The advancement, reimbursement, indemnification and contribution obligations of the Company required hereby shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as every Liability and Expense is incurred and is due and payable, and in such amounts as fully satisfy each and every Liability and Expense as it is incurred (and in no event later than 30 days following the date of any invoice therefor).

Indemnification of the Company. The Placement Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and persons who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all Liabilities, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Disclosure Package or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, in reliance upon, and in strict conformity with, the Placement Agent’s Information. In case any action shall be brought against the Company or any other person so indemnified based on any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and in

respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Placement Agent, the Placement Agent shall have the rights and duties given to the Company, and the Company and each other person so indemnified shall have the rights and duties given to the Placement Agent by the provisions of Section 9.B. The Company agrees promptly to notify the Placement Agent of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or any person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities or in connection with the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, provided, that failure by the Company so to notify the Placement Agent shall not relieve the Placement Agent from any obligation or liability which the Placement Agent may have on account of this Section 9.C. or otherwise to the Company, except to the extent the Placement Agent is materially prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure..

Contribution. In the event that a court of competent jurisdiction makes a finding that indemnity is unavailable to any indemnified person, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the Liabilities and Expenses paid or payable by such indemnified person in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect (i) the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent and any other Indemnified Person, on the other hand, of the matters contemplated by this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by the immediately preceding clause is not permitted by applicable law, not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent and any other Indemnified Person, on the other hand, in connection with the matters as to which such Liabilities or Expenses relate, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations; provided that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary to ensure that all Indemnified Persons, in the aggregate, are not liable for any Liabilities and Expenses in excess of the amount of commissions actually received by the Placement Agent pursuant to this Agreement. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Placement Agent on the other and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Placement Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this subsection (D) were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (D). For purposes of this paragraph, the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent on the other hand, of the matters contemplated by this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as: (a) the total value received by the Company in the Offering, whether or not such Offering is consummated, bears to (b) the commissions paid to the Placement Agent under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act shall be entitled to contribution from a party who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation.

Limitation. The Company also agrees that no Indemnified Person shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company for or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Indemnified Person pursuant to this Agreement, the transactions contemplated thereby or any Indemnified Person’s actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services or transactions, except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction has made a finding that Liabilities (and related Expenses) of the Company have resulted primarily from such Indemnified Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with any such advice, actions, inactions or services.

Survival. The advancement, reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations set forth in this Section 9 shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any termination of, or the completion of any Indemnified Person’s services under or in connection with, this Agreement. Each Indemnified Person is an intended third-party beneficiary of this Section 9, and has the right to enforce the provisions of Section 9 as if he/she/it was a party to this Agreement.

10.

Limitation of Dawson’s Liability to the Company.

Dawson and the Company further agree that neither Dawson nor any of its affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act), employees or agents shall have any liability to the Company, its security holders or creditors, or any person asserting claims on behalf of or in the right of the Company (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort, for an act of negligence or otherwise) for any losses, fees, damages, liabilities, costs, expenses or equitable relief arising

out of or relating to this Agreement or the Services rendered hereunder, except for losses, fees, damages, liabilities, costs or expenses that arise out of or are based on any action of or failure to act by Dawson and that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Dawson.

11.

Limitation of Engagement to the Company.

The Company acknowledges that Dawson has been retained only by the Company, that Dawson is providing services hereunder as an independent contractor (and not in any fiduciary or agency capacity) and that the Company’s engagement of Dawson is not deemed to be on behalf of, and is not intended to confer rights upon, any shareholder, owner or partner of the Company or any other person not a party hereto as against Dawson or any of its affiliates, or any of its or their respective officers, directors, controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act), employees or agents. Unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing by Dawson, no one other than the Company is authorized to rely upon any statement or conduct of Dawson in connection with this Agreement. The Company acknowledges that any recommendation or advice, written or oral, given by Dawson to the Company in connection with Dawson’s engagement is intended solely for the benefit and use of the Company’s management and directors in considering a possible Offering, and any such recommendation or advice is not on behalf of, and shall not confer any rights or remedies upon, any other person or be used or relied upon for any other purpose. Dawson shall not have the authority to make any commitment binding on the Company. The Company, in its sole discretion, shall have the right to reject any investor introduced to it by Dawson. If any purchase agreement and/or related transaction documents are entered into between the Company and the investors in the Offering, Dawson will be entitled to rely on the representations, warranties, agreements and covenants of the Company contained in any such purchase agreement and related transaction documents as if such representations, warranties, agreements and covenants were made directly to Dawson by the Company.

12.

Amendments and Waivers.

No supplement, modification or waiver of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the party to be bound thereby. The failure of a party to exercise any right or remedy shall not be deemed or constitute a waiver of such right or remedy in the future. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof (regardless of whether similar), nor shall any such waiver be deemed or constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided.

13.

Confidentiality.

In the event of the consummation or public announcement of any Offering, Dawson shall have the right to disclose its participation in such Offering, including, without limitation, the placement at its cost of “tombstone” advertisements in financial and other newspapers and journals. Dawson agrees not to use any confidential information concerning the Company provided to Dawson by the Company for any purposes other than those contemplated under this Agreement.

14.

Headings.

The headings of the various sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and will not be deemed to be part of this Agreement.

15.

Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts and, if executed in more than one counterpart, the executed counterparts shall each be deemed to be an original and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

16.

Severability.

In case any provision contained in this Agreement should be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

17.

Use of Information.

The Company will furnish Dawson such written information as Dawson reasonably requests in connection with the performance of its services hereunder. The Company understands, acknowledges and agrees that, in performing its services hereunder, Dawson will use and rely entirely upon such information as well as publicly available information regarding the Company and other potential parties to an Offering and that Dawson does not assume responsibility for independent verification of the accuracy or completeness of any information, whether publicly available or otherwise furnished to it, concerning the Company or otherwise relevant to an Offering, including, without limitation, any financial information, forecasts or projections considered by Dawson in connection with the provision of its services.

18.

Absence of Fiduciary Relationship.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the Placement Agent has been retained solely to act as Placement Agent in connection with the sale of the Securities and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and the Placement Agent has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether the Placement Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters; (b) the Purchase Price and other terms of the Securities set forth in this Agreement were established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Placement Agent and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (c) it has been advised that the Placement Agent and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions that may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the Placement Agent has no obligation to disclose such interest and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and (d) it has been advised that the Placement Agent is acting, in respect of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, solely for the benefit of the Placement Agent, and not on behalf of the Company and that the Placement Agents may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Placement Agent arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the Offering.

19.

Survival Of Indemnities, Representations, Warranties, Etc.

The respective indemnities, covenants, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and Placement Agent, as set forth in this Agreement or made by them respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Placement Agent, the Company, the Purchasers or any person controlling any of them and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Securities. Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, including without limitation any termination pursuant to Section 5, the payment, reimbursement, indemnity, contribution and advancement agreements contained in Sections 2, 9, 10, and 11, respectively, and the Company’s covenants, representations, and warranties set forth in this Agreement shall not terminate and shall remain in full force and effect at all times. The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in Section 9 and the covenants, warranties and representations of the Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Placement Agent, any person who controls any Placement Agent within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or any affiliate of any Placement Agent, or by or on behalf of the Company, its directors or officers or any person who controls the Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and (iii) the issuance and delivery of the Securities.

20.

Governing Law.

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be fully performed therein. Any disputes that arise under this Agreement, even after the termination of this Agreement, will be heard only in the state or federal courts located in the City of New York, State of New York. The parties hereto expressly agree to submit themselves to the jurisdiction of the foregoing courts in the City of New York, State of New York. The parties hereto expressly waive any rights they may have to contest the jurisdiction, venue or authority of any court sitting in the City and State of New York.

21.

Notices.

All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed or hand delivered and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:

If to the Company:

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

12300 Grant Street

Thornton, CO 80241

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to the Placement Agent:

Dawson James Securities, Inc.

101 North Federal Highway, Suite 600

Boca Raton, FL 33432

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.

22.

Miscellaneous.

This Agreement shall not be modified or amended except in writing signed by Dawson and the Company. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of Dawson and the Company, and supersedes any prior agreements, with respect to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect, and the remainder of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including facsimile or .pdf counterparts), each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

23.

Successors.

This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 9 hereof, and to their respective successors, and personal representative, and, except as set forth in Section 9 of this Agreement, no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.

24.

Partial Unenforceability.

The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO FOLLOW]

In acknowledgment that the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding reached by Dawson and the Company, and intending to be legally bound, please sign in the space provided below, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding Agreement as of the date executed.

Very truly yours,

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

By:__________________________

Name:

Title:

Confirmed as of the date first written above:

DAWSON JAMES SECURITIES, INC.

By:___________________________

Name: Robert D. Keyser, Jr.

Title: Chief Executive Officer

SCHEDULE I

Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses

None.

Exhibit 4.13

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.SECURITIES, INC.

THIS PURCHASE WARRANT IS NOT EXERCISABLE PRIOR TO October 12, 2024. VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M., EASTERN TIME, October 12, 2029.

THIS WARRANT IS BEING ISSUED AS A FEE PAYABLE TO THE HOLDER PURSUANT TO THAT CERTAIN AMENDED AND RESTATED WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT DATED APRIL 12, 2024.

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    Warrant Shares: 3,550,000

    Issuance Date:  April 12, 2024
Initial Exercise Date:  October 12, 2024

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [***] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after October 12, 2024 (the “Initial Exercise Date”), and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on October 12, 2029 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to 3,550,000 shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market,

the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock” means the shares of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the Nasdaq Capital Market, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transfer Agent” means ComputerShare Investor Services, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of with a mailing address of 8742 Lucent Blvd., Suite 225, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129 and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is

not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“Warrants” means this Warrant.

Section 2. Exercise.

a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.14, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

c) Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior

to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if on the Termination Date there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

d) Mechanics of Exercise.

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If

the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the

Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be,

(B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re‑classification.

b) Reserved.

c) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such

Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

d) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

e) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate

Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company's control, including not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common equity (or ordinary shares) of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(e) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five Business Days of the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the

shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction). Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.

f) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

g) Notice to Holder.

i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

a) Transferability. Subject to Section 4(d) below, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Sections 4(a) and 4(d), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

d) General Restrictions. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, make usual and customary representations as to investment intent to the Company.

Section 5. Miscellaneous.

a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated,

the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

d) Authorized Shares.

The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

e) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction

contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

h) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc., 12300 Grant Street, Thornton, C0 80241, Attention: CEO, or such other facsimile number, email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by facsimile or e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the facsimile number, e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common

Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder or the beneficial owner of this Warrant, on the other hand.

m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature Page Follows)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

    ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

    By:__________________________________________
     Name: Paul Warley
     Title:   CEO

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

TO: ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

[ ] in lawful money of the United States; or

[ ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

_______________________________

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

_______________________________

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity: _______________________________________________________________

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _________________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to


Name:
	(Please Print)
Address:
Phone Number: Email Address:	(Please Print) ______________________________________ ______________________________________
Dated: _______________ __, ______
Holder’s Signature:
Holder’s Address:

Exhibit 31.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Paul Warley, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


May 9, 2024
		/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jin H. Jo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


May 9, 2024
	By:	/s/ JIN H. JO
		Jin H. Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Paul Warley, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


May 9, 2024
		/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Jin Jo, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


May 9, 2024
	By:	/s/ JIN H. JO
		Jin H. Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	May 09, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001350102
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity File Number	001-32919
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,735,501
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-3672603
Entity Address, Address Line One	12300 Grant Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Thornton
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80241
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
City Area Code	720
Local Phone Number	872-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common
Trading Symbol	ASTI

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 187,474	$ 1,048,733
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $0, respectively	0	0
Inventories, net	448,756	447,496
Prepaid and other current assets	246,706	39,279
Total current assets	882,936	1,535,508
Property, Plant and Equipment:	19,901,016	21,177,892
Accumulated depreciation	(19,395,659)	(20,131,008)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	505,357	1,046,884
Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	2,249,042	2,364,672
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $177,099 and $173,387 respectively	50,266	53,978
Equity method investment	67,179	68,867
Other non-current assets	1,228,399	1,228,797
Total other assets	3,594,886	3,716,314
Total Assets	4,983,179	6,298,706
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,214,116	579,237
Related party payables	33,846	4,231
Accrued expenses	1,215,560	1,354,159
Accrued payroll	234,914	160,477
Accrued professional services fees	933,872	849,282
Accrued interest	653,199	628,145
Current portion of operating lease liability	512,158	491,440
Conversions payable		1,089,160
Cash payable	199,997
Current portion of convertible notes, net	6,270	354,936
Bridge loan	353,269
Other payable	250,000	250,000
Total current liabilities	5,607,201	5,761,067
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,904,892	2,043,025
Accrued warranty liability	21,225	21,225
Total liabilities	7,533,318	7,825,317
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100 and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($911,228 and $899,069 Liquidation Preference, respectively)	5	5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 6,710,745 and 3,583,846 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	671	358
Additional paid in capital	482,458,139	480,942,526
Accumulated deficit	(485,016,178)	(482,478,436)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	7,224	8,936
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(2,550,139)	(1,526,611)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$ 4,983,179	$ 6,298,706

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0	$ 0
Patents, amortization	$ 177,099	$ 173,387
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	6,710,745	3,583,846
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,710,745	3,583,846
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000	750,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 911,228	$ 899,069

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Total Revenues	$ 5,600	$ 124,225
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue	9,388	461,795
Research, development and manufacturing operations	607,233	1,665,694
Selling, general and administrative	1,060,041	1,591,821
Share-based compensation	259,234	1,404,450
Depreciation and amortization	20,757	25,781
Impairment loss	524,481
Total Costs and Expenses	2,481,134	5,149,541
Loss from Operations	(2,475,534)	(5,025,316)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net	64,323	10,000
Interest expense	(126,555)	(1,068,036)
Total Other Income/(Expense)	(62,232)	(1,058,036)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments	24
Net Income/(Loss)	$ (2,537,742)	$ (6,083,352)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic)	$ (0.53)	$ (34.21)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Diluted)	$ (0.53)	$ (34.21)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic)	4,758,077	177,850
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted)	4,758,077	177,850
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)	$ (1,712)	$ 6,706
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	(2,539,454)	(6,076,646)
Products
Total Revenues	$ 5,600	99,225
Milestone and Engineering
Total Revenues		$ 25,000

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)	Total	L1 Convertible Note	Sabby Note	Preferred Stock Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock L1 Convertible Note	Common Stock Sabby Note	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital L1 Convertible Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Sabby Note	Accumulated Deficit	Other Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 899,298				$ 5	$ 26			$ 448,343,153			$ (447,427,862)	$ (16,024)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					48,100	259,323
Conversion of shares		$ 508,740	$ 1,083,718				$ 1	$ 1		$ 508,739	$ 1,083,717
Conversion of shares (in shares)							7,200	10,255
Share-based compensation	1,404,450								1,404,450
Net Income (Loss)	(6,083,352)											(6,083,352)
Foreign Currency Translation Loss	6,706												6,706
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	(2,180,440)				$ 5	$ 28			451,340,059			(453,511,214)	(9,318)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					48,100	276,778
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ (1,526,611)			$ 5		$ 358			480,942,526			(482,478,436)	8,936
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023				48,100		3,583,846
Conversion of shares		$ 1,256,692					$ 241			$ 1,256,451
Conversion of shares (in shares)							2,411,788
Conversion of prefunded warrants Amount						$ 72			(72)
Exercise of prefunded warrants (in shares)	715,111					715,111
Share-based compensation	$ 259,234								259,234
Net Income (Loss)	(2,537,742)											(2,537,742)
Foreign Currency Translation Loss	(1,712)												(1,712)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ (2,550,139)				$ 5	$ 671			$ 482,458,139			$ (485,016,178)	$ 7,224
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024					48,100	6,710,745

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$ (2,537,742)	$ (6,083,352)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	20,758	25,781
Share-based compensation	259,234	1,404,450
Operating lease asset amortization	115,630	182,556
Accretion of debt discount	35,530	901,649
Impairment loss	524,481
Loss on equity method investment	(24)
Inventory reserve expense	(23,355)	97,465
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(93,106)
Inventories	22,095	4,755
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(207,029)	(1,182,239)
Accounts payable	634,879	(14,016)
Related party payable	29,615	(61,827)
Operating lease liabilities	(117,415)	(178,622)
Accrued interest	25,054	166,386
Accrued expenses	20,428	(107,507)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,197,861)	(4,937,627)
Investing Activities:
Payments on purchase of assets		(48,650)
Patent activity costs		(5,884)
Net cash used in investing activities		(54,534)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from Bridge Loan	350,000
Payment of bridge loan	(13,398)
Payment of convertible notes		(147,170)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	336,602	(147,170)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(861,259)	(5,139,331)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,048,733	11,483,018	$ 11,483,018
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	187,474	6,343,687	$ 1,048,733
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Cash paid for interest	63,562
Non-Cash Transactions:
Conversions of preferred stock, convertible notes, and conversions payable to equity	1,256,692	$ 1,592,458
Exercise of Pre-funded warrants	$ 72

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,537,742)	$ (6,083,352)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

ORGANIZATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue Recognition:

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized product revenue of $5,600 and $99,225, respectively.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(3,425	)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	5,210

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

SWITZERLAND ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

SWITZERLAND ASSETS

NOTE 6. SWITZERLAND ASSETS

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,589		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,384,346			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		32,087			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,901,016			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,395,659	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	505,357		$	1,046,884

OPERATING LEASE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

OPERATING LEASE

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,249,042	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		512,158		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,904,892		2,043,025

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $190,497 and $261,343, respectively.

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	576,847
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,025,468
Less amounts representing interest		(608,418	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,417,050

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 45.00 months and 7.0%, respectively.

INVENTORIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	448,367	$	445,721
Work in process		389		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	448,756	$	447,496

BRIDGE LOAN

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

BRIDGE LOAN

NOTE 10. BRIDGE LOAN

These loans are not convertible into equity shares of the Company and are secured by a second lien on the Company's assets.

OTHER PAYABLE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER PAYABLE

NOTE 11. OTHER PAYABLE

CONVERTIBLE NOTES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CONVERTIBLE NOTES

NOTE 12. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		Notes converted			Principal Balance 3/31/2024		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 3/31/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	6,667	$	(397	)	$	6,270

SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Series A Preferred Stock

NOTE 13. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

with any distribution to the holders of common stock of the Company, an amount equal to $8.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

As of March 31, 2024, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $526,428.

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

NOTE 14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 715,111 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

Preferred Stock

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, there are 9,283,122 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $1.76 and $1,060 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION


	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		1,867		$	596.00
Granted		479,000			0.77
Vested		(153,236	)		1.68
Non-vested at March 31, 2024		327,631		$	5.09

The fair values of the respective vesting dates of RSUs were approximately $60,400 and $237,700 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

•

Second Repurchase. On or before April 18, 2024, the Investors agree to convey, assign and transfer all remaining Warrants to the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $1.8 million.

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, 8,766,000 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition:

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized product revenue of $5,600 and $99,225, respectively.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(3,425	)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	5,210

Other Assets: Other assets is comprised of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

Earnings Per Share

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Management is evaluating the impact of this ASU on the Company's financial statements.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:


Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	935
Additions		7,700
Recognized as revenue		(3,425	)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	5,210

Other Assets

Other assets is comprised of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Lease security deposit	$	625,000	$	625,000
Spare machine parts		603,399		603,797
Total Other Assets	$	1,228,399	$	1,228,797

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,			As of December 31,
	2024			2023
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software	$	468,589		$	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		19,384,346			20,661,222
Leasehold improvements		15,994			15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress		32,087			32,087
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		19,901,016			21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,395,659	)		(20,131,008	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	505,357		$	1,046,884

OPERATING LEASE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Leases

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,249,042	$	2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability		512,158		491,440
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		1,904,892		2,043,025

Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:


Remainder of 2024	$	576,847
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,025,468
Less amounts representing interest		(608,418	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,417,050

INVENTORIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Net of Reserves

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Raw materials	$	448,367	$	445,721
Work in process		389		1,775
Finished goods		-		-
Total	$	448,756	$	447,496

CONVERTIBLE NOTES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Debt

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:


	Principal Balance 1/1/2024		Notes converted			Principal Balance 3/31/2024		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 3/31/2024
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd	$	406,667	$	(400,000	)	$	6,667	$	(397	)	$	6,270

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock by Class

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:


Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series 1B		900		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity

The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of March 31, 2024:


	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2024		1,867		$	596.00
Granted		479,000			0.77
Vested		(153,236	)		1.68
Non-vested at March 31, 2024		327,631		$	5.09

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 5,600	$ 124,225
Revenue recognized	3,425
Accounts receivable, net balance	0		$ 0
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0		$ 0
Shares omitted from loss per share, anti-dilutive	7,900	90
Products
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 5,600	$ 99,225
Milestone and Engineering Arrangement
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	0	25,000
Government Research and Development
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Deferred Revenue (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 935
Additions	7,700
Recognized as revenue	(3,425)
Ending Balance	$ 5,210

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Lease security deposit	$ 625,000	$ 625,000
Spare machine parts	603,399	603,797
Total Other Assets	$ 1,228,399	$ 1,228,797

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Impact Due to Change in Accounting Principle on Net Income and Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (2,537,742)	$ (6,083,352)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (0.53)	$ (34.21)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (0.53)	$ (34.21)

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]
Net cash used in operating activities	$ 1,197,861	$ 4,937,627
Working deficit	$ 4,724,265

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized	$ 5,210	$ 935
TubeSolar AG \| JV
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Minority stake percentage	30.00%

SWITZERLAND ASSETS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2024	Apr. 17, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Impairment loss			$ 524,481
Carrying value of assets			505,357	$ 1,046,884
Estimated fair value			$ 221,519
Flisom AG \| Photovoltaic Thin Film Solar Cells \| Asset Purchase Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Date of asset acquisition agreement		Apr. 17, 2023
Purchase price paid		$ 4,083,926
Purchase price, including transaction costs		$ 1,283,926
Impairment loss				3,283,715
Carrying value of assets				$ 786,000
Manufacturing Facility Landlord \| Subsequent Event
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Carrying value of assets	$ 746,000
Asset selling terms	On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the manufacturing facility landlord (“Landlord”) where the Company would sell all but one equipment from the Assets to the Landlord for 1 CHF and forgiveness of $221,519 in payables and any potential future claims the manufacturing facility landlord may have.
Forgiveness of payables	$ 221,519

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 19,901,016	$ 21,177,892
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(19,395,659)	(20,131,008)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	505,357	1,046,884
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	468,589	468,588
Manufacturing machinery and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	19,384,346	20,661,222
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	15,994	15,995
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 32,087	$ 32,087

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 17,045	$ 20,989

OPERATING LEASE - Additional Information (Details)			3 Months Ended		7 Months Ended
OPERATING LEASE - Additional Information (Details)	Jan. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 21, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) SquareFoot	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 01, 2023 ft²	Aug. 31, 2023 ft²
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of rentable square feet of building \| SquareFoot			100,000
Lease term		88 months
Lease commencement date		Sep. 21, 2020
Rent per month	$ 80,000	$ 50,000
Percentage of rent increase in annual rate			3.00%
Net rentable area \| ft²							100,000
Reduction to lease liability			$ (117,415)	$ (178,622)
Gain on the lease modification					$ 84,678
Lease terms description			The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.
Operating lease costs			$ 190,497	$ 261,343
Remaining lease term			45 months		45 months
Lease discount rate			7.00%		7.00%
ASC 842
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Reduction to right of use asset					$ 1,292,316
Reduction to lease liability					$ 1,376,994
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net rentable area \| ft²						75,000

OPERATING LEASE - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Lease (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$ 2,249,042	$ 2,364,672
Current portion of operating lease liability	512,158	491,440
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$ 1,904,892	$ 2,043,025

OPERATING LEASE - Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 576,847
2025	792,203
2026	815,969
2027	840,449
Total lease payments	3,025,468
Less amounts representing interest	(608,418)
Present value of lease liability	$ 2,417,050

INVENTORIES - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 448,367	$ 445,721
Work in process	389	1,775
Total	$ 448,756	$ 447,496

BRIDGE LOAN - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Apr. 17, 2024	Feb. 27, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 400,000
Bridge Loan \| Loan 1
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 375,000
Origination fees paid		25,000
Net proceeds		$ 350,000
Frequency of periodic payment		weekly
Weekly payments		$ 19,420
Total repayment		543,750
Short-Term Debt, Terms			Under Loan 1, the Company will make weekly payments of $19,420 for 28 weeks for a total repayment of $543,750. The Company also has an early repayment option where the Company would repay an aggregate of $478,125 if repaid by April 15, 2024.
Early repayment option aggregate amount		$ 478,125
Bridge Loan \| Subsequent Event \| Loan 1
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Total repayment	$ 428,310
Bridge Loan \| Subsequent Event \| Loan 2
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	685,000
Origination fees paid	34,250
Net proceeds	$ 222,440
Frequency of periodic payment	weekly
Weekly payments	$ 31,000
Total repayment	$ 993,250

OTHER PAYABLE - Additional Information (Details) - Unsecured Debt - Note Payable Conversion - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable		$ 250,000
Stated interest rate		5.00%
Interest accrued on convertible debt	$ 84,452

CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Schedule of Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Notes converted	$ (400,000)
Net Principal Balance	6,270	$ 354,936
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Principal Balance, beginning	406,667
Notes converted	(400,000)
Principal Balance, ending	6,667
Less: Discount Balance	(397)
Net Principal Balance	$ 6,270

CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes outstanding	$ 400,000
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued	1,793,404
Conversion of stock shares	618,384
Interest expense upon conversion	$ 21,989	$ 1,052,928
Interest payable	$ 33,064
Floor price	$ 0.65
Increase in conversions payable	$ 190,622
Conversions payable	1,279,782
Cash payble	199,997
Amortization of debt discount	35,530	901,649
Convertible Notes
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Amortization of debt discount	$ 18,863	$ 901,649

SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, dividend rate	8.00%
Preferred stock, dividend, make-whole dividend rate to market value	10.00%
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price (in dollars per share)		$ 232
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price, term		20 days
Preferred stock redemption price per share		$ 8.00
Accrued and unpaid dividends		$ 526,428
Common Stock \| Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		1

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,710,745	3,583,846
Debt conversion, converted instrument, shares issued (in shares)	1,793,404
Common stock, number of votes per share \| Vote	1
Conversions payable \| $	$ 1,279,782
Conversion of stock shares	618,384
Pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock	715,111
Warrants outstanding	9,283,122
Notes converted \| $	$ 400,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Minimum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares	1.76
Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares	$ 1,060

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Stock by Class (Details) - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000		750,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Series 1A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series 1B Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	900
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series C Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series E Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,800
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series G Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series H Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series I Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,350
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series K Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted		479,000
Share-based compensation		$ 259,234	$ 1,404,450
Number of unvested units		327,631		1,867
Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation		$ 259,234
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense		$ 1,220,860
Number of unvested units		327,631
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense, period for recognition		1 year 9 months
Fair value of shares on vesting dates		$ 60,400	$ 237,700
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted	459,000
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| One Third
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date	Mar. 31, 2024
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche One
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date	Jan. 01, 2025
Employees and Directors \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche Two
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date	Jan. 01, 2026
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted stock units granted	20,000
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche One
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date	Jan. 01, 2025
Advisory Board \| Restricted Stock Units \| Tranche Two
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting date	Jan. 01, 2026

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance, Non-vested Shares \| shares	1,867
Shares granted \| shares	479,000
Shares vested \| shares	(153,236)
Ending Balance, Non-vested Shares \| shares	327,631
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 596
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted \| $ / shares	0.77
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested \| $ / shares	1.68
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 5.09

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Additional Information (Details) - Wainwright engagement letter [Member] $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Aug. 15, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of fees payable under tail provision	8.00%
Percentage of warrant coverage on secured convertible note financing	7.00%
Secured convertible note financing	$ 15.0
Damages value	$ 1.2
Common stock warrants \| shares	2,169.5
Warrant exercise price per share \| $ / shares	$ 605

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - Additional Information (Details)	Apr. 18, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 12, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 09, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 07, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 06, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2024 shares	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares	Dec. 19, 2022 Investor
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Outstanding common warrants							9,283,122
Warrants outstanding							9,283,122
Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Exercise price \| $ / shares							$ 1,060
Securities Purchase Contract
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock							5,596,232
Exercise price \| $ / shares							$ 1.765
Number of institutional investors \| Investor								2
Warrant Repurchase Agreements
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Agreement entered date				Mar. 07, 2024	Mar. 06, 2024
Gross proceeds from securities \| $				$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Purchase price for repurchase of warrants \| $				$ 3,600,000	$ 3,600,000
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants expiring term		5 years 6 months
Subsequent Event \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of gross proceeds from sale of Units			4.00%
Payment of cash payable \| $			$ 200,000
Outstanding common warrants			5,596,232
Exercise price \| $ / shares			$ 1.765
Adjusted number of warrants			70,554,495
Adjusted purchase of common stock exercise price \| $ / shares			$ 0.14
Warrants outstanding			5,596,232
Subsequent Event \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member] \| Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares Issued	15,179,460
Subsequent Event \| Warrant Repurchase Agreements
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Outstanding common warrants		7,100,000
Exercise price \| $ / shares		$ 0.14
Warrants outstanding		7,100,000
Subsequent Event \| Warrant Repurchase Agreements \| First Repurchase
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of warrants investors agree to convey, assign and transfer		50.00%
Aggregate purchase price \| $		$ 1,800,000
Subsequent Event \| Warrant Repurchase Agreements \| Second Repurchase
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate purchase price for remaining warrants \| $	$ 1,800,000
Subsequent Event \| Prefunded warrants [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock						8,766,000
Exercise price \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Subsequent Event \| Prefunded warrants [Member] \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Prefunded warrants issued	21,162,277
Subsequent Event \| Dawson James [Member] \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Agreement entered date			Apr. 09, 2024
Aggregate number of common stock shares for private placement			6,000,000
Percentage of gross proceeds from sale of Units			8.00%
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity, Total \| $	$ 5,090,000.00
Repurchase and cancel of warrants \| $			$ 3,600,000
Subsequent Event \| Dawson James [Member] \| Placement Agent Agreement [Member] \| Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Legal fees \| $			$ 155,000

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